1
|
Wang D, Zheng Y, Deng Q, Liu X. Water-Soluble Synthetic Polymers: Their Environmental Emission Relevant Usage, Transport and Transformation, Persistence, and Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6387-6402. [PMID: 37052478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble synthetic polymers (WSPs) are distinct from insoluble plastic particles, which are both critical components of synthetic polymers. In the history of human-made macromolecules, WSPs have consistently portrayed a crucial role and served as the ingredients of a variety of products (e.g., flocculants, thickeners, solubilizers, surfactants, etc.) commonly used in human society. However, the environmental exposures and risks of WSPs with different functions remain poorly understood. This paper provides a critical review of the usage, environmental fate, environmental persistence, and biological consequences of multiple types of WSPs in commercial and industrial production. Investigations have identified a wide market of applications and potential environmental threats of various types of WSPs, but we still lack the suitable assessment tools. The effects of physicochemical properties and environmental factors on the environmental distribution as well as the transport and transformation of WSPs are further summarized. Evidence regarding the degradation of WSPs, including mechanical, thermal, hydrolytic, photoinduced, and biological degradation is summarized, and their environmental persistence is discussed. The toxicity data show that some WSPs can cause adverse effects on aquatic species and microbial communities through intrinsic toxicity and physical hazards. This review may serve as a guide for environmental risk assessment to help develop a sustainable path for WSP management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qian Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuran Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Qian R, Gao J, Huang J. Environmental impacts and risks of bridges and tunnels across lakes: An overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115684. [PMID: 35868193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bridges and tunnels are built across lakes, especially in China, to improve road connectivity for transportation. However, their environmental impacts and risks have not received adequate attention. In this study, the magnitude of bridges and tunnels across 142 lakes in China were investigated. The investigation revealed that 37 bridges and 10 tunnels (a total length of 56.82 km) were built across 26 lakes during 2000-2020. From 2011 to 2020, the construction rate of bridges and tunnels across lakes in China was ∼6 times higher than the average value worldwide. Their environmental impacts and risks on lakes were summarised by analyzing previous publications screened from the Web of Science platform. The environmental impacts and risks during the bridge/tunnel construction period generally include decrease in water exchange, habitat destruction, biological reduction, increase in suspended solids, and water quality pollution. Tunnel construction may also affect the ecological conditions of groundwater due to its disturbances in the underground area. During the bridge/tunnel operation period, environmental impacts and risks were mainly induced by rainfall events and water pollution accidents. The impacts and risks were highly related to the construction location, bridge/tunnel properties, moving vehicles, fixing activities, and atmospheric deposition. Owing to the existing weaknesses in management practices, a framework, aiming to reduce the environmental impacts and risks caused by bridges and tunnels across lakes, was proposed. The framework identified the critical issues and their corresponding management strategies during the bridge/tunnel construction and operation periods and enabled the generation of the best management strategy for each specific period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jiacong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Film Properties, Water Retention, and Growth Promotion of Derivative Carboxymethyl Cellulose Materials from Cotton Straw. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5582912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three kinds of derivative carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) materials, CMC-Na, CMC-K, and CMC-NH4, were prepared from cotton straw fiber. Their chemical structure, film morphology, water retention, biodegradability, and growth promotion were investigated with infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and field experiments. The results showed that the infrared absorption peaks of the three materials were similar. It was observed that the DCMC materials could form films after being sprayed at the amount of 4.00 g/m2 and 12.00 g/m2, and the film thickness was showed in the order of CMC-K, CMC-NH4, and CMC-Na. The largest water holding capacity increased significantly after DCMC was sprayed on the soil. The water retention of CMC-Na, CMC-K, and CMC-NH4 increased by 47.74%, 72.85%, and 61.40% severally while sprayed with 12.00 g/m2 compared to the control group (CK), and the water retention rate increased with 6.93, 9.75, and 8.67 times, respectively, on the seventh day. The total number of soil microorganisms increased with the DCMC materials being sprayed; the number in the upper layer increased by 92.31%, 123.08%, and 138.46%, respectively, compared with CK. When the three materials were used to the cornfield at the amount of 100.00 kg/hm2, the corn yield increased by 33.11%, 70.93%, and 50.60%, respectively. The DCMC materials, as the sole carbon source, could be degraded by soil microorganisms. The nutrient elements such as NH4+ in the materials could further promote the growth of microorganisms and crops. This study might provide a new way to apply straw-based DCMC in soil water retention, soil amendment, and high value-added transformation of straws in arid areas.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yue Z, Tian E, Chen Y, Luo L, Yang L, He L, Li L, Wang J. The adverse effects of acrylamide exposure on the early development of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and its mechanisms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111875. [PMID: 33422830 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) can have deleterious effects on freshwater fish. However, its adverse effects on euryhaline fish are still unknown. In this study, embryos of Oryzias melastigma were exposed to different concentrations of AA to investigate its effect on early developmental disorders. After 21 days of exposure, AA significantly inhibited the hatching rate and delayed the hatching time of embryos, and led to developmental delay, teratogenesis, and locomotion impairments in larvae. RNA-sequencing data of larvae indicated that AA upregulated the expression of hemoglobin and myoglobin involved in oxygen transport and angiopoietin 1, integrin, and matrix metallopeptidases related to angiogenesis and downregulated the expression of early growth response genes and synaptotagmin-2 related to neural plasticity and neurotransmitter release. Overall, our study showed that AA caused deleterious effects on the early development of euryhaline fish through hypoxic stress and neurotoxicity, providing a scientific basis for the environmental risk assessment of marine AA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Yue
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Erli Tian
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Liumin Luo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Licheng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Le He
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Comprehensive Assessment Approach for Water-Soil Environmental Risk during Railway Construction in Ecological Fragile Region Based on AHP and MEA. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12197910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
With China’s government facilitating railway projects, more railway lines inevitably pass through ecological fragile regions (EFRs). Railway construction activities in EFRs might cause detrimental impacts on the local water-soil environment (WSE), which is the basis of the local ecological system that if destroyed can induce secondary disasters. Studies on the WSE risk (WSER) during railway construction in EFRs are limited. As such, this study aims to offer preliminary insight into the WSER assessment of railway construction in EFRs. WSERs were identified firstly based on the literature review and field surveys, and thus a risk index framework for WSER assessment including 5 categories of WSERs and 16 second-order risks was established. Then a comprehensive quantitative assessment method was developed by integrating analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and matter-element analysis (MEA) to assess the overall WSERs of railway construction in EFRs. A case (i.e., the Mingan subproject of Hefei-Fuzhou railway) was selected to demonstrate and validate the developed approach. Results show that the proposed assessment approach can be applied to evaluate the WSERs during railway construction. In addition, the case study demonstrates that the risk of construction methods should be the key focus. Findings from this study enrich the knowledge body of sustainable railways and guide the project managers to conduct practical WSER assessment of railway construction.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu W, Tan L, Zhao T, Zhu X, Wang J. Toxicity assessments of acrylamide in aquatic environment using two algae Nitzschia closterium and Scenedesmus quadricauda. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20545-20553. [PMID: 32246420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The expanding production and widespread application of acrylamide caused inevitable release to aquatic ecosystems. Contrary to its extensive attention to human and animal health, the hazards of acrylamide to the aquatic primary productivity have been rarely studied. The potential effects of acrylamide on the marine algae (Nitzschia closterium) and the limnetic algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda) were investigated by monitoring cell abundance, total chlorophyll content, maximum photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The growth of two algae was significantly inhibited by acrylamide. The 96 h EC50 of acrylamide on N. closterium and S. quadricauda were 5.50 mg L-1 and 45.3 mg L-1, and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) were 1.07 mg L-1 and 6.97 mg L-1, respectively. After 96 h exposure to 50 mg L-1 of acrylamide, the total chlorophyll content declined to approximate 18% (N. closterium) and 48% (S. quadricauda), and Fv/Fm was observed to be 0.35 and 0.32 for N. closterium and S. quadricauda, respectively. ROS was significantly increased following higher exposure concentrations, and its levels increased around 2.1-fold and 1.4-fold following exposure to 5 mg L-1 of acrylamide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the visible cell plasmolysis, rupture of the plasma membrane, cell vacuolization, and disintegration of chloroplasts of the algae caused acrylamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kulkarni NH, Muley AB, Bedade DK, Singhal RS. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of arylamidase from Cupriavidus oxalaticus ICTDB921: process optimization, characterization, and application for mitigation of acrylamide in industrial wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:457-471. [PMID: 31705314 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamidase produced by Cupriavidus oxalaticus ICTDB921 was recovered directly from the fermentation broth by ammonium sulfate (40-50%) precipitation and then stabilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The optimum conditions for the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of acrylamidase (acrylamidase-CLEAs) were using 60 mM glutaraldehyde for 10 min at 35 °C and initial broth pH of 7.0. Acrylamidase-CLEAs were characterized by SDS-PAGE, FTIR, particle size analyzer and SEM. Cross-linking shifted the optimal temperature and pH from 70 to 50 °C and 5-7 to 6-8, respectively. It also altered the secondary structure fractions, pH and thermal stability along with the kinetic constants, Km and Vmax, respectively. A complete degradation of acrylamide ~ 1.75 g/L in industrial wastewater was achieved after 60 min in a batch process under optimum operating conditions, and the kinetics was best represented by Edward model (R2 = 0.70). Acrylamidase-CLEAs retained ~ 40% of its initial activity after three cycles for both pure acrylamide and industrial wastewater, and were stable for 15 days at 4 °C, retaining ~ 25% of its original activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi H Kulkarni
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Abhijeet B Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Dattatray K Bedade
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Batoryna M, Semla-Kurzawa M, Zyśk B, Bojarski B, Formicki G. Acrylamide-induced alterations in lungs of mice in relation to oxidative stress indicators. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:745-751. [PMID: 31264935 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1634418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to study the influence of acrylamide (ACR) on major antioxidants in the lungs of Swiss mice. The experiment was conducted on male mice that were 8 weeks old. The mice were exposed to ACR at a single dose of 26 µg per animal, which was administered orally. Mice were anesthetized 3, 24, and 48 h after the ACR gavage. Next, histopathological and biochemical analyses of GSH concentration and the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT were performed in the lungs. Animals exposed to ACR showed demonstrated symptoms of inflammation in lungs, hypertrophy of bronchiolar epithelium, and hyperplasia of alveolar epithelium. GSH concentration was significantly decreased 3 h after ACR gavage, which was followed by a significant increase 48 h after ACR gavage. Similarly, SOD and GPx demonstrated decreased activities 3 h after exposure to ACR, followed by increased activities 48 h after exposure to ACR. CAT activity was significantly increased 24 and 48 h after exposure to ACR. We conclude that oral exposure of mice to ACR results in alterations of lung microstructure, accompanied by the symptoms of redox imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Batoryna
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Geography and Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Magdalena Semla-Kurzawa
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Geography and Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Zyśk
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Geography and Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Bartosz Bojarski
- Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Formicki
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Geography and Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow , Krakow , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sobhi HR, Ghambarian M, Behbahani M, Esrafili A. Application of modified hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction in conjunction with chromatography-electron capture detection for quantification of acrylamide in waste water samples at ultra-trace levels. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:30-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Froment J, Thomas KV, Tollefsen KE. Automated high-throughput in vitro screening of the acetylcholine esterase inhibiting potential of environmental samples, mixtures and single compounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 130:74-80. [PMID: 27085000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput and automated assay for testing the presence of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibiting compounds was developed, validated and applied to screen different types of environmental samples. Automation involved using the assay in 96-well plates and adapting it for the use with an automated workstation. Validation was performed by comparing the results of the automated assay with that of a previously validated and standardised assay for two known AChE inhibitors (paraoxon and dichlorvos). The results show that the assay provides similar concentration-response curves (CRCs) when run according to the manual and automated protocol. Automation of the assay resulted in a reduction in assay run time as well as in intra- and inter-assay variations. High-quality CRCs were obtained for both of the model AChE inhibitors (dichlorvos IC50=120µM and paraoxon IC50=0.56µM) when tested alone. The effect of co-exposure of an equipotent binary mixture of the two chemicals were consistent with predictions of additivity and best described by the concentration addition model for combined toxicity. Extracts of different environmental samples (landfill leachate, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and road tunnel construction run-off) were then screened for AChE inhibiting activity using the automated bioassay, with only landfill leachate shown to contain potential AChE inhibitors. Potential uses and limitations of the assay were discussed based on the present results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Froment
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo (UiO), PO Box 1033, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guezennec AG, Michel C, Bru K, Touze S, Desroche N, Mnif I, Motelica-Heino M. Transfer and degradation of polyacrylamide-based flocculants in hydrosystems: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6390-6406. [PMID: 25253053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize information and scientific data from the literature dedicated to the fate of polyacrylamide (PAM)-based flocculants in hydrosystems. Flocculants, usually composed of PAMs, are widely used in several industrial fields, particularly in minerals extraction, to enhance solid/liquid separation in water containing suspended matter. These polymers can contain residual monomer of acrylamide (AMD), which is known to be a toxic compound. This review focuses on the mechanisms of transfer and degradation, which can affect both PAM and residual AMD, with a special attention given to the potential release of AMD during PAM degradation. Due to the ability of PAM to adsorb onto mineral particles, its transport in surface water, groundwater, and soils is rather limited and restricted to specific conditions. PAM can also be a subject of biodegradation, photodegradation, and mechanical degradation, but most of the studies report slow degradation rates without AMD release. On the contrary, the adsorption of AMD onto particles is very low, which could favor its transfer in surface waters and groundwater. However, AMD transfer is likely to be limited by quick microbial degradation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Togola A, Coureau C, Guezennec AG, Touzé S. A sensitive analytical procedure for monitoring acrylamide in environmental water samples by offline SPE-UPLC/MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6407-6413. [PMID: 25471720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of acrylamide in natural systems is of concern from both environmental and health points of view. We developed an accurate and robust analytical procedure (offline solid phase extraction combined with UPLC/MS/MS) with a limit of quantification (20 ng L(-1)) compatible with toxicity threshold values. The optimized (considering the nature of extraction phases, sampling volumes, and solvent of elution) solid phase extraction (SPE) was validated according to ISO Standard ISO/IEC 17025 on groundwater, surface water, and industrial process water samples. Acrylamide is highly polar, which induces a high variability during the SPE step, therefore requiring the use of C(13)-labeled acrylamide as an internal standard to guarantee the accuracy and robustness of the method (uncertainty about 25 % (k = 2) at limit of quantification level). The specificity of the method and the stability of acrylamide were studied for these environmental media, and it was shown that the method is suitable for measuring acrylamide in environmental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Togola
- Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM), 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45100, Orléans, France,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saib A, Berrebbah H, Berredjem M, Djebar MR. Cytotoxic study of three derivatives amidophosphonates on alternative cellular model: Paramecium tetraurelia. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
14
|
Mroczek E, Konieczny P, Kleiber T, Waśkiewicz A. Response of hydroponically grown head lettuce on residual monomer from polyacrylamide. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1399-405. [PMID: 24916210 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.926401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess acrylamide monomer (AMD) uptake by hydroponically grown lettuce. Lettuce was cultivated by applying plant tissue testing in a recycled system by the use of nutrient solutions prepared with two water-soluble flocculants F3 and F4 containing 176 and 763 mg kg(-1) of AMD, respectively. The effects on growth, fresh weight and plant leaf quality were evaluated by comparing these treatments and one control standard nutrient solution typically recommended for lettuce hydroponic cultivation. To assess the nutritional status of lettuce, samples were collected and lyophilised before determination of the selected micro- and macro-element contents. An HPLC with photodiode array detector method was applied to determine AMD in both selected flocculants and dried plant samples. Results show that lettuces cultivated under the conditions described above absorb AMD from nutrient solutions into their leaves. The AMD presence in recycled nutrient solutions has a negative influence on the growth of lettuce, reducing their average fresh weight and average number of leaves. The study confirmed that the problem of AMD mobility and its accumulation risk in plants should to be an important topic with respect to safe polyacrylamide (PAM) handling in the agro food area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mroczek
- a Department Food Quality Management , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
The determination of acrylamide in environmental and drinking waters by large-volume injection – hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
The cytogenetic effects of acrylamide on Carassius auratus periperial blood cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:318-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Characterization of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of acrylamide in complex environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4159-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Thanyacharoen U, Tani A, Charoenpanich J. Isolation and characterization of Kluyvera georgiana strain with the potential for acrylamide biodegradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1491-1499. [PMID: 22702807 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.680312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide contamination by acrylamide, a neurotoxicant and carcinogen in animals, is becoming a significant problem. We isolated three novel acrylamide-degrading bacteria from domestic wastewater in Chonburi, Thailand. Using biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the strains were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kluyvera georgiana and Enterococcus faecalis. K. georgiana strain No. 2 was selected for further characterization due to its degradation potential of high concentrations of acrylamide at the mesophilic temperatures. The strain grew well in the presence of acrylamide at concentrations to 0.5 % (w/v), pH 5.0 to 7.0 and 37°C. Degradation of acrylamide to acrylic acid began after 30 min of cultivation as a biomass-dependent manner. Mass balance analysis revealed 92.3 % conversion of acrylamide to acrylic acid and two lower polarity compounds. Strain No. 2 degraded many aliphatic amides but not iodoacetamide and thioacetamide. High degradation level (>80 %) was found with propionamide, cyanoacetamide and acetamide. Moderate degradation was obtained in the order of formamide > butyramide > lactamide > urea while sodium azide provided 34 % degradation. These findings render this novel bacterium attractive for biodegradation of acrylamide and other aliphatic amides in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uthumporn Thanyacharoen
- Biological Science Program and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rahim MBH, Syed MA, Shukor MY. Isolation and characterization of an acrylamide-degrading yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain MBH23 KCTC 11960BP. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 52:573-81. [PMID: 22144174 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As well as for chemical and environmental reasons, acrylamide is widely used in many industrial applications. Due to its carcinogenicity and toxicity, its discharge into the environment causes adverse effects on humans and ecology alike. In this study, a novel acrylamide-degrading yeast has been isolated. The isolate was identified as Rhodotorula sp. strain MBH23 using ITS rRNA analysis. The results showed that the best carbon source for growth was glucose at 1.0% (w/v). The optimum acrylamide concentration, being a nitrogen source for cellular growth, was at 500 mg l(-1). The highest tolerable concentration of acrylamide was 1500 mg l(-1) whereas growth was completely inhibited at 2000 mg l(-1). At 500 mg l(-1), the strain MBH completely degraded acrylamide on day 5. Acrylic acid as a metabolite was detected in the media. Strain MBH23 grew well between pH 6.0 and 8.0 and between 27 and 30 °C. Amides such as 2-chloroacetamide, methacrylamide, nicotinamide, acrylamide, acetamide, and propionamide supported growth. Toxic heavy metals such as mercury, chromium, and cadmium inhibited growth on acrylamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B H Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goffeng LO, Heier MS, Kjuus H, Sjöholm H, Sørensen KA, Skaug V. Nerve conduction, visual evoked responses and electroretinography in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide containing grouting agents. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2008; 30:186-94. [PMID: 18353610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study examines possible persisting effects on the peripheral nervous system and visual system in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide during grouting work. We compared neurophysiological function in 44 tunnel workers previously exposed during grouting operations (2-10 years post exposure), with 49 tunnel workers with no history of exposure to acrylamide. Nerve conduction velocities (NCV), distal delay, F-response and amplitude in median and ulnar nerves of the right arm, peroneal, sural and tibial nerves of the right leg, visual evoked response (VER) and electroretinography (ERG) were measured. VER and ERG were also performed in 24 subjects more recently exposed to acrylamide grout (16 months post exposure). Exposure to acrylamide containing grouts was assessed by questionnaires. A statistically significant reduction in the mean sensory NCV of the sural nerve (p=0.005), as well as a non-significant reduction of sural amplitude was found in the previously exposed group compared to the control group. VER latencies to the onset of the occipital potential (N75) were prolonged in both exposed groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). ERG 30 Hz flicker amplitude was reduced in the recently exposed group compared to the referents (p<0.05). The results indicate slight subclinical, but persistent toxic effects in the sural nerve and the visual system in tunnel workers exposed to N-methylolacrylamide and acrylamide during grouting operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ole Goffeng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alpmann A, Morlock G. Rapid and sensitive determination of acrylamide in drinking water by planar chromatography and fluorescence detection after derivatization with dansulfinic acid. J Sep Sci 2007; 31:71-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Goffeng LO, Kjuus H, Heier MS, Alvestrand M, Ulvestad B, Skaug V. Colour vision and light sensitivity in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide containing grouting agents. Neurotoxicology 2007; 29:31-9. [PMID: 17949818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine possible persisting visual system effects in tunnel workers previously exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide during grouting work. MATERIAL AND METHODS Visual field light sensitivity threshold and colour vision has been examined among 44 tunnel workers 2-10 years after exposure to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide containing grouting agents. Forty-four tunnel workers not involved in grouting operations served as control group. Information on exposure and background variables was obtained for all participants from a questionnaire. Visual light sensitivity threshold was measured using Humphrey Visual Field Static Perimeter 740, program 30-2 Fastpack, with red stimuli on white background, and colour vision, using Lanthony D-15 Desaturated Color test. Based on D-15d test results, colour confusion index (CCI), and a severity index (C-index) was calculated. RESULTS The exposed group had a significantly higher threshold for detecting single stimuli in all parts of the inner 30 degrees of the visual field compared to the control group. The foveal threshold group difference was 1.4 dB (p=0.002) (mean value, both eyes). On the Lanthony 15 Hue Desaturated test, the exposed subjects made more errors in sorting blue colours, and a statistically significant increase in C-index was observed. Surrogate measures for duration and intensity of exposure gave no further improvement of the model. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate slightly reduced light sensitivity and reduced colour discrimination among the exposed subjects compared to the controls. The findings may be due to previous exposure to acrylamide containing grouts among the tunnel workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ole Goffeng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Synthesis of poly(N-methylolacrylamide)/polymethylacrylamide hybrids via frontal free-radical polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Marín JM, Pozo OJ, Sancho JV, Pitarch E, López FJ, Hernández F. Study of different atmospheric-pressure interfaces for LC-MS/MS determination of acrylamide in water at sub-ppb levels. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1041-8. [PMID: 16832838 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective method based on LC-MS/MS has been developed for the direct determination of acrylamide residues in water in compliance with the current European Union (EU) 98/83 Drinking Water Directive. Given the high polarity of acrylamide, the application of a rapid on-line solid phase extraction step, commonly used for preconcentrating low analyte levels, was not found to be completely satisfactory. Therefore, an alternative approach based on the use of direct large-volume injection into the LC-MS/MS system has been used. Three atmospheric-pressure interfaces (ESI, APCI and Ion Sabre APCI) were checked to reach the required sensitivity (0.1 microg/l). All three interfaces were tested by analysis of six different water samples (surface water, groundwater, drinking water and three treated water samples) spiked at three concentration levels each (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/l). When using ESI, poor sensitivity and high matrix effects were observed. This situation improved when APCI was used as the interface because no matrix effect was found, although sensitivity was not completely satisfactory. The best results were obtained by interfacing the Ion Sabre APCI; its higher sensitivity for acrylamide (LOD 0.03 microg/l) and the absence of matrix effects recommended its selection. Using this approach, satisfactory recoveries (90-97%) and precision (<12%) were obtained for all water samples studied. Besides, the acquisition of two different MS/MS transitions allowed not only the quantification but also the confirmation of acrylamide in water at concentration levels around 0.1 microg/l.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Marín
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xiang XJ, Qian JW, Yang WY, Fang MH, Qian XQ. Synthesis and properties of nanosilica-reinforced polyurethane for grouting. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Li CM, Hu CW, Wu KY. Quantification of urinary N-acetyl-S- (propionamide)cysteine using an on-line clean-up system coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:511-515. [PMID: 15712353 DOI: 10.1002/jms.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide has been reported to be present in high-temperature processed foods and normal processed food intake could lead to significant acrylamide exposure. Acrylamide in vivo can be conjugated with glutathione in the presence of glutathione transferase. This conjugation product is further metabolized and excreted as N-acetyl-S-(propionamide)cysteine (NASPC) in the urine. NASPC could be considered a biomarker for acrylamide exposure. The objective of this study was to develop a highly specific, rapid and sensitive method to quantify urinary NASPC, serving as a biomarker for acrylamide exposure assessment. Isotope-labeled [13C3]NASPC was successfully synthesized and used as an internal standard. This urine mixture was directly analyzed using a newly developed liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method coupled with an on-line clean-up system. The detection limit for this method was estimated as < 5 microg l(-1)(0.4 pmol) on-column. The method was applied to measure the urinary level of NASPC in 70 apparently health subjects. The results showed that the NASPC urinary level was highly associated with smoking. Smokers had a significantly higher urinary NASPC level (135 +/- 88 microg g(-1) creatinine) than non-smokers (76 +/- 30 microg g(-1) creatinine). A highly sensitive and selective LC/MS/MS isotope dilution method was successfully established. With an on-line clean-up system, this system is capable of routine high-throughput analysis and accurate quantitation of NASPC in urine. This could be a useful tool for health surveillance for acrylamide exposure in a population for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Li
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cavalli S, Polesello S, Saccani G. Determination of acrylamide in drinking water by large-volume direct injection and ion-exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1039:155-9. [PMID: 15250418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide, a known neurotoxin and putative human carcinogen, has been included among the substances to be monitored in drinking water according to the European Union Directive 98/83 on potable water. This paper reports a new method based on the combination of ion-exclusion chromatographic separation and MS detection. Samples of drinking water have been directly injected in the microbore ICE-AS1 column and detected in the selected-ion monitoring mode by a single quadrupole system with electrospray ionization. Chromatographic conditions, such as eluent composition and flow rate, have been optimized by a central composite design experiment. Statistical analysis of data showed that the amount of acetonitrile fraction in the eluent mixture, composed by acetonitrile and formic acid solution, is the variable that most influences retention of the acrylamide peak. After optimization of MS detection parameters, this method has been validated for spiked drinking water samples. The effect of large-volume injection (up to 500 microl) has been also explored. Linearity was evaluated from 0.5 to 5 microg l(-1). Repeatability, expressed as R.S.D., was 16 and 12% at 0.5 and 1 microg l(-1) respectively. The limit of detection was 0.20 ppb with 500 microl injection volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cavalli
- Dionex s.r.l., Via Tulipani 1, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Takahashi T, Yoshii M, Kawano T, Kosaka T, Hosoya H. A new approach for the assessment of acrylamide toxicity using a green paramecium. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 19:99-105. [PMID: 15582361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans. In addition, it induces genotoxic, reproductive and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. However, no convenient bioassay system for assessing acrylamide toxicity to animal and plant cells has been proposed to date. The present study aims to evaluate acrylamide toxicity to a green paramecium, Paramecium bursaria, bearing many endosymbiotic algae, because some chemicals are highly toxic to paramecia or microalgae, and some protozoa are already used for evaluation of environmental contaminations. Results showed that high acrylamide concentrations (> or = 1500 mg/l) have a lethal effect on P. bursaria. Although low acrylamide concentrations (< or = 150 mg/l) induced less change on the paramecium growth, the number of endosymbiotically growing algal cells drastically decreased. The acrylamide concentration required to induce a 50% decrease in the cell number (IC(50)) was determined to be 7.8 mg/l for endosymbiotic algae, indicating that the algal sensitivity to acrylamide was 7 and 15 times higher than that of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells and the host cells, respectively. Here, we propose the use of P. bursaria being a convenient and sensitive bioindicator as a new approach for the assessment of acrylamide toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruckstuhl S, Suter MJF, Giger W. Sorption and mass fluxes of sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates in aquifers. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2003; 67:1-12. [PMID: 14607466 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-7722(03)00090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates (SNFC) and their monomeric analogues were used as superplasticizers for cement suspension injections at two tunnel construction sites that are in direct contact with groundwater. Because in one case the aquifer is an important drinking water resource, the behavior of SNFC in the groundwater was carefully investigated. Chemical analyses showed that SNFC leached to the groundwater in concentrations of up to 58 microg/l of total SNFC at a distance of about 60 m down-gradient from the construction site. Of the individual SNFC components, only monomers and oligomers with up to four units could be detected in the groundwater. Oligomers with more than four units did not leach from the cement paste. The leached oligomers were transported in the groundwater at different velocities, which can be explained by sorption experiments. Mass fluxes of SNFC used at the tunnel construction sites were evaluated. Most SNFC were immobilized in the cement, but 5% (w/w) of the applied SNFC were found to leach into the aquifer. This corresponds to a total amount of leached SNFC of approximately 100 kg, of which about 80% are biodegraded in the aquifer and 20% (20 kg) still remain in the groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ruckstuhl
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology and ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Uberlandstrasse 133, PO Box 611, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ruckstuhl S, Suter MJF, Kohler HPE, Giger W. Leaching and primary biodegradation of sulfonated naphthalenes and their formaldehyde condensates from concrete superplasticizers in groundwater affected by tunnel construction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:3284-3289. [PMID: 12188355 DOI: 10.1021/es010297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonated naphthalenes and their formaldehyde condensates (SNFC) are used as concrete superplasticizers fortunnel construction through aquifers.This paperdiscusses their primary biodegradation in groundwater affected by construction activities. The analyses of groundwater samples collected 5 m away from a construction site clearly indicated that components of the applied SNFC product leached into the groundwater. A maximum total concentration of these compounds of 233 microg/L was found, and it was shown that only the monomeric sulfonated naphthalenes andthe condensates uptothetetramerleached in substantial amounts. The decrease in concentration of several monomeric components could not be explained by mere dispersion but rather indicates a biological transformation in the aquifer. This was confirmed at a second field site and by laboratory degradation experiments with piezometer material as inoculum. Lag phases for the individually degradable sulfonated naphthalenes ranged from 0 to 96 d. Naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate and the oligomeric components were neither degraded in the aquifer nor in the laboratory experiments within an observation time of up to 195 d. This clearly indicates their persistence in subsurface waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ruckstuhl
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institutefor Environmental Science and Technology, and ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Dübendorf
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|