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Zhou W, Chen J, Liu P, Wang F, Chen H. Comparative effects of different metals on the Japanese medaka embryos and larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02762-y. [PMID: 38851654 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Rapid evaluation of the toxicity of metals using fish embryo acute toxicity is facilitative to ecological risk assessment of aquatic organisms. However, this approach has seldom been utilized for the comparative study on the effects of different metals to fish. In this study, acute and sub-chronic tests were used to compare the toxicity of Se(IV) and Cd in the embryos and larvae of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The embryos with different levels of dechorionation and/or pre-exposure were also exposed to Se(IV) and Cd at various concentrations. The results showed that the LC50-144 h of Cd was 1.3-5.2 folds higher than that of Se(IV) for the embryos. In contrast, LC50-96 h of Se(IV) were 200-400 folds higher than that of Cd for the larvae. Meanwhile, dechorionated embryos were more sensitive to both Se and Cd than the intact embryos. At elevated concentrations, both Se and Cd caused mortality and deformity in the embryos and larvae. In addition, pre-exposure to Cd at the embryonic stages enhanced the resistance to Cd in the larvae. However, pre-exposure to Se(IV) at the embryonic stages did not affect the toxicity of Se(IV) to the larvae. This study has distinguished the nuance differences in effects between Se(IV) and Cd after acute and sub-chronic exposures with/without chorion. The approach might have a potential in the comparative toxicology of metals (or other pollutants) and in the assessment of their risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhou
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiating Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feifan Wang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Tazin N, Stevenson TJ, Bonkowsky JL, Gale BK. Using Electroporation to Improve and Accelerate Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Testing. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:49. [PMID: 38258168 PMCID: PMC10819337 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish have emerged as a useful model for biomedical research and have been used in environmental toxicology studies. However, the presence of the chorion during the embryo stage limits cellular exposure to toxic elements and creates the possibility of a false-negative or reduced sensitivity in fish embryo toxicity testing (FET). This paper presents the use of electroporation as a technique to improve the delivery of toxic elements inside the chorion, increasing the exposure level of the toxins at an early embryo stage (<3 h post-fertilization). A custom-made electroporation device with the required electrical circuitry has been developed to position embryos between electrodes that provide electrical pulses to expedite the entry of molecules inside the chorion. The optimized parameters facilitate material entering into the chorion without affecting the survival rate of the embryos. The effectiveness of the electroporation system is demonstrated using Trypan blue dye and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 20-40 nm). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of controlling the concentration of dye and nanoparticles delivered inside the chorion by optimizing the electrical parameters, including pulse width, pulse number, and amplitude. Next, we tested silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 10 nm), a commonly used toxin that can lower mortality, affect heart rate, and cause phenotypic defects. We found that electroporation of AgNPs reduces the exposure time required for toxicity testing from 4 days to hours. Electroporation for FET can provide rapid entry of potential toxins into zebrafish embryos, reducing the time required for toxicity testing and drug delivery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Tazin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tamara J. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua L. Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bruce K. Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Kamal NAMA, Abdulmalek E, Fakurazi S, Cordova KE, Abdul Rahman MB. Dissolution and Biological Assessment of Cancer-Targeting Nano-ZIF-8 in Zebrafish Embryos. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2445-2454. [PMID: 35583465 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-targeting nanotherapeutics offer promising opportunities for selective delivery of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics to cancer cells. However, the understanding of dissolution behavior and safety profiles of such nanotherapeutics is scarce. In this study, we report the dissolution profile of a cancer-targeting nanotherapeutic, gemcitabine (GEM) encapsulated within RGD-functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8), in dissolution media having pH = 6.0 and 7.4. GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8 was not only responsive in acidic media (pH = 6.0) but also able to sustain the dissolution rate (57.6%) after 48 h compared to non-targeting nanotherapeutic GEM⊂nZIF-8 (76%). This was reflected by the f2 value of 36.1, which indicated a difference in the dissolution behaviors of GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8 and GEM⊂nZIF-8 in acidic media compared to those in neutral media (pH = 7.4). A dissolution kinetic study showed that the GEM release mechanism from GEM⊂RGD@nZIF-8 followed the Higuchi model. In comparison to a non-targeting nanotherapeutic, the cancer-targeting nanotherapeutic exhibited an enhanced permeability rate in healthy zebrafish embryos but did not induce lethality to 50% of the embryos (LC50 > 250 μg mL-1) with significantly improved survivability (75%) after 96 h of incubation. Monitoring malformation showed minimal adverse effects with only 8.3% of edema at 62.5 μg mL-1. This study indicates that cancer-targeting GEM⊂RGD@nZIF, with its pH-responsive behavior for sustaining chemotherapeutic dissolution in a physiologically relevant environment and its non-toxicity toward the healthy embryos within the tested concentrations, has considerable potential for use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmarina Mohd Abdul Kamal
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kyle E Cordova
- Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Materials Discovery Research Unit, Advanced Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.,Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Machado S, González-Ballesteros N, Gonçalves A, Magalhães L, Sárria Pereira de Passos M, Rodríguez-Argüelles MC, Castro Gomes A. Toxicity in vitro and in Zebrafish Embryonic Development of Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Cystoseira Macroalgae Extracts. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5017-5036. [PMID: 34326639 PMCID: PMC8315781 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s300674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) occupies a prominent place in the field of biomedicine nowadays, being their putative toxicity and bioactivity areas of major concern. The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using extracts from marine organisms allows the avoidance of hazardous production steps while maintaining features of interest, thus enabling the exploitation of their promising bioactivity. OBJECTIVE To synthesize and characterize AuNPs using, for the first time, macroalga Cystoseira tamariscifolia aqueous extract (Au@CT). METHODS Algal aqueous extracts were used for the synthesis of AuNPs, which were characterized using a wide panel of physicochemical techniques and biological assays. RESULTS The characterization by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Z-potential and infrared spectroscopy confirmed that Au@CT were stable, spherical and polycrystalline, with a mean diameter of 7.6 ± 2.2 nm. The antioxidant capacity of the extract, prior to and after synthesis, was analyzed in vitro, showing that the high antioxidant potential was not lost during the synthesis. Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo toxicity was screened, by comparing two species of the genus Cystoseira (C. tamariscifolia and C. baccata) and the corresponding biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (Au@CT and Au@CB). Cytotoxicity was tested in mouse (L929) and human (BJ5ta) fibroblast cell lines. In both cases, only the highest (nominal) test concentration of both extracts (31.25 mg/mL) or Au@CB (12.5 mM) significantly affected cell viability, as measured by the MTT assay. These results were corroborated by a Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test. Briefly, it was shown that, at the highest (nominal) tested concentration (31.25 mg/mL), CT extract induced significantly higher cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity than CB extract. However, it was demonstrated that Au@CT, but not Au@CB, were generally non-toxic. At sub-lethal (nominal) test concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 mM), Au@CT affected zebrafish embryonic development to a much lesser extent than Au@CB. In vitro wound healing assays also revealed that, while other experimental conditions did not impact cell migration, CT and Au@CT displayed a moderate positive effect. CONCLUSION Au@CT and Au@CB display promising features, desirable for biomedical applications, as wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Machado
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | | | - Anabela Gonçalves
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Luana Magalhães
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marisa Sárria Pereira de Passos
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, 21027, Italy
| | | | - Andreia Castro Gomes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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Robinson PC, Littler HR, Lange A, Santos EM. Developmental exposure window influences silver toxicity but does not affect the susceptibility to subsequent exposures in zebrafish embryos. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:579-595. [PMID: 33083906 PMCID: PMC7609441 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver is a non-essential, toxic metal widespread in freshwaters and capable of causing adverse effects to wildlife. Its toxic effects have been studied in detail but less is known about how sensitivity varies during development and whether pre-exposures affect tolerance upon re-exposure. We address these knowledge gaps using the zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) model to investigate whether exposures encompassing stages of development prior to mid-blastula transition, when chorion hardening and epigenetic reprogramming occur, result in greater toxicity compared to those initiated after this period. We conducted exposures to silver initiated at 0.5 h post fertilisation (hpf) and 4 hpf to determine if toxicity differed. In parallel, we exposed embryos to the methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine as a positive control. Toxicity increased when exposures started from 0.5 hpf compared to 4 hpf and LC50 were significantly lower by 1.2 and 7.6 times for silver and 5-azacyitidine, respectively. We then investigated whether pre-exposure to silver during early development (from 0.5 or 4 hpf) affected the outcome of subsequent exposures during the larvae stage, and found no alterations in toxicity compared to naïve larvae. Together, these data demonstrate that during early development zebrafish embryos are more sensitive to silver when experiments are initiated at the one-cell stage, but that pre-exposures do not influence the outcome of subsequent exposures, suggesting that no long-lasting memory capable of influencing future susceptibility was maintained under our experimental conditions. The finding that toxicity is greater for exposures initiated at the one-cell stage has implications for designing testing systems to assess chemical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige C Robinson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, Dorset, UK.
| | - Hannah R Littler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, Dorset, UK
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Ługowska K, Kondera E. Developmental anomalies in ide (Leuciscus idus L.) larvae caused by copper and cadmium. ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ZOOTECHNICZNEGO 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>Ide embryos were incubated in 0.1 mg dm<sup>3</sup> of Cu or Cd or in clean tap water (control). Both metals significantly decreased swelling of eggs. They reduced the rate of embryonic development and the hatching rate. Six types of body malformations were found in newly hatched larvae: spine curvature, C-shaped body, head deformation, yolk sac deformation, heart oedema, and reduced body length. Only the first two types of deformations were observed in the control, while more severe malformations were found following Cu and Cd exposure. Copper exerted a detrimental effect mainly during embryogenesis (egg swelling and rate of development), while the toxic effects of cadmium were more significant in newly hatched larvae. Larval body deformities may be used as a bioindicator of water pollution with heavy metals.</b>
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ługowska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Department of Cattle and Sheep Breeding and Milk Testing
| | - Elżbieta Kondera
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Cattle and Sheep Breeding and Milk Testing
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Faisal Z, Garai E, Csepregi R, Bakos K, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Szente L, Balázs A, Cserháti M, Kőszegi T, Urbányi B, Csenki Z, Poór M. Protective effects of beta-cyclodextrins vs. zearalenone-induced toxicity in HeLa cells and Tg(vtg1:mCherry) zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124948. [PMID: 31726616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone is a xenoestrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. High exposure with zearalenone induces reproductive disorders worldwide. Cyclodextrins are ring-shaped host molecules built up from glucose units. The apolar cavity of cyclodextrins can entrap so-called guest molecules. The formation of highly stable host-guest type complexes with cyclodextrins can decrease the biological effect of the guest molecule. Therefore, cyclodextrins may be suitable to decrease the toxicity of some xenobiotics even after the exposure. In this study, the protective effect of beta-cyclodextrins against zearalenone-induced toxicity was investigated in HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies demonstrated the formation of stable complexes of zearalenone with sulfobutyl-, methyl-, and succinyl-methyl-substituted beta-cyclodextrins at pH 7.4 (K = 1.4-4.7 × 104 L/mol). These chemically modified cyclodextrins considerably decreased or even abolished the zearalenone-induced loss of cell viability in HeLa cells and mortality in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the sublethal effects of zearalenone were also significantly alleviated by the co-treatment with beta-cyclodextrins. To test the estrogenic effect of the mycotoxin, a transgenic bioindicator zebrafish model (Tg(vtg1:mCherry)) was also applied. Our results suggest that the zearalenone-induced vitellogenin production is partly suppressed by the hepatotoxicity of zearalenone in zebrafish. This study demonstrates that the formation of stable zearalenone-cyclodextrin complexes can strongly decrease or even abolish the zearalenone-induced toxicity, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, cyclodextrins appear as promising new mycotoxin binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Edina Garai
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Rita Csepregi
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Bakos
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, H-1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Adrienn Balázs
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Mátyás Cserháti
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
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Wang Y, Chen C, Zhou D, Xiong H, Zhou Y, Dong S, Rittmann BE. Eliminating partial-transformation products and mitigating residual toxicity of amoxicillin through intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124491. [PMID: 31394448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) is a promising technology for treating wastewater containing antibiotics. While past work has documented the benefits of ICPB for removing and mineralizing antibiotics, its impacts on mitigating biotoxicity from products has not been studied. We fabricated an ICPB carrier by coating Ag-doped TiO2 on the outer skeleton of sponge carriers and allowing biofilm to grow in the internal macro-pores. We used amoxicillin (C16H19N3O5S) as the model antibiotic. The amoxicillin-removal rate contents with ICPB was greater by 40% vs. photocatalysis and 65% vs. biodegradation, based on the first-order kinetic simulation. While mineralization of amoxicillin was minimal for photocatalysis or biodegradation alone, it was ∼35% with ICPB. Photocatalysis alone led to accumulation of C14H21N3O2S; biodegradation alone resulted in accumulation of C14H21N3O3, C16H18N2O4S, and C15H21N3O3; but they were negligible after ICPB. As a result, ICPB reduced toxicity impacts measured by Staphylococcus aureas growth, Daphnia magna mobility, and teratogenicity to Zebrafish embryos. In contrast, photocatalysis alone increased each of the toxicity effects. In sum, ICPB gave greater removal and mineralization of amoxicillin, and it mitigated biotoxicity from treatment products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Congli Chen
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Houfeng Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Yihan Zhou
- National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shuangshi Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, AZ, 85287-5701, USA
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9
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Gaaied S, Oliveira M, Le Bihanic F, Cachot J, Banni M. Gene expression patterns and related enzymatic activities of detoxification and oxidative stress systems in zebrafish larvae exposed to the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:289-297. [PMID: 30825855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effects of 2,4-D herbicide on biotransformation and oxidative stress status of zebrafish larvae. Animals were exposed to a range of sublethal concentrations (0.02-0.8 mg/L) and biomarkers at transcriptomic level and biochemical level were assessed. Chemical analysis with showed that the bioaccumulation of 2,4-D in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. This herbicide induced significant effects at both gene expression and enzymatic activities levels after at 96 hpf. Results of mRNA expression showed a differential transcription regulation with all target genes depending on the tested concentrations. The mRNA level of gsr and cyp1a were up regulated at the highest dose of herbicide (0.8 mg/L). The gene expression of gstp1 showed an up regulation at lower dose (0.02 mg/L) and a down regulation at the highest dose (0.8 mg/L) of 2,4-D. A significant induction of EROD activity and inhibition of GST activity were noted in groups exposed to 0.8 mg/L of 2,4-D. Considering the antioxidant defenses, the activity of CAT was increased in larvae exposed to 0.8 mg/L of herbicide and GPx activity was induced at lower doses of 2,4-D (0.02 and 0.051 mg/L). Moreover, peroxidative damage, assessed as MDA content, was markedly increased in larvae exposed to high 2,4-D concentration. Overall, the present study data indicate that bioaccumulation of 2,4-D in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae and alterations in detoxification and oxidative stress related parameters, likely associated with ROS production, which may endanger the embryo-larval stages development of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gaaied
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- University Bordeaux, Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University Bordeaux, Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Al-Kandari H, Younes N, Al-Jamal O, Zakaria ZZ, Najjar H, Alserr F, Pintus G, Al-Asmakh MA, Abdullah AM, Nasrallah GK. Ecotoxicological Assessment of Thermally- and Hydrogen-Reduced Graphene Oxide/TiO₂ Photocatalytic Nanocomposites Using the Zebrafish Embryo Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E488. [PMID: 30925821 PMCID: PMC6523634 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently attracted great interest in water pollution management. Using the zebrafish embryo model, we investigated the environmental impacts of two thermally (RGOTi)- and hydrogen (H₂RGOTi)-reduced graphene oxide/TiO₂ semiconductor photocatalysts recently employed in AOPs. For this purpose, acutoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurobehavioral toxicity, hematopoietic toxicity, and hatching rate were determinate. For the RGOTi, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC, mortality/teratogenicity score <20%) and the median lethal concentration (LC50) were <400 and 748.6 mg/L, respectively. H₂RGOTi showed a NOEC similar to RGOTi. However, no significant mortality was detected at all concentrations used in the acutoxicity assay (up to1000 mg/L), thus indicating a hypothetical LC50 higher than 1000 mg/L. According to the Fish and Wildlife Service Acute Toxicity Rating Scale, RGOTi can be classified as "practically not toxic" and H₂RGOTi as "relatively harmless". However, both nanocomposites should be used with caution at concentration higher than the NOEC (400 mg/L), in particular RGOTi, which significantly (i) caused pericardial and yolk sac edema; (ii) decreased the hatching rate, locomotion, and hematopoietic activities; and (iii) affected the heart rate. Indeed, the aforementioned teratogenic phenotypes were less devastating in H₂RGOTi-treated embryos, suggesting that the hydrogen-reduced graphene oxide/TiO₂ photocatalysts may be more ecofriendly than the thermally-reduced ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halema Al-Kandari
- Department of Health Environment, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, P.O. Box 1428, Faiha, Kuwait City 72853, Kuwait.
| | - Nadin Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Ola Al-Jamal
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Huda Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Farah Alserr
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Maha A Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Aboubakr M Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Doha, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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11
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Abstract
Environmental enrichment, or the enhancement of an animal’s surroundings when in captivity to maximise its wellbeing, has been increasingly applied to fish species, particularly those used commercially. Laboratory species could also benefit from enrichment, but it is not always clear what constitutes an enriched environment. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is used widely in research and is one of the most commonly-used laboratory animals. We investigated whether changing the structural complexity of housing tanks altered the behaviour of one strain of zebrafish. Fish were kept in three treatments: (1) very enhanced (VE); (2) mildly enhanced (ME); and (3) control (CT). Level of aggression, fertilisation success, and growth were measured at regular intervals in a subset of fish in each treatment group. The VE fish were more aggressive over time than either ME or CT fish, both in the number of attacks they made against a mirror image and in their tendency to stay close to their reflection rather than avoid it. Furthermore, VE fish were shorter than CT fish by the end of the experiment, though mass was not significantly affected. There was no significant effect of treatment on fertilisation success. These findings suggest that the way in which fish are housed in the laboratory can significantly affect their behaviour, and potentially, their growth. The zebrafish is a shoaling species with a dominance hierarchy, and so may become territorial over objects placed in the tank. The enrichment of laboratory tanks should consider aspects of the species’ behaviour.
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12
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Félix LM, Luzio A, Themudo M, Antunes L, Matos M, Coimbra AM, Valentim AM. MS-222 short exposure induces developmental and behavioural alterations in zebrafish embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Yuan W, Liang Y, Xia X, Xie Y, Lan S, Li X. Protection of Danio rerio from cadmium (Cd 2+) toxicity using biological iron sulfide composites. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:231-236. [PMID: 29886309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution has become a global environmental problem. This study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility and effects of applying biological iron sulfide composites (BISC) for the protection of Cd2+ exposed fish, aiming at remediation of Cd2+ polluted waters during emergency pollution events. Experimental results indicate that BISC can remove Cd2+ efficiently and significantly protect Cd2+ exposed Danio rerio, by increasing its overall survival rates. Meanwhile, the protective effect of BISC is significantly enhanced with optimized BISC dosing ratios of 2.4 or more, as well as with more rapid onset of BISC dosing following Cd2+ exposure and in water with higher pH levels in the range of 6-8, with D. rerio survival rates increased by more than 90% (P = 0.05). Additionally, BISC confers advantages over SRB and combinations of its constituents, with effective removal of Cd2+ and increasing survival rates of Cd2+ exposed D. rerio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajie Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuhuan Lan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Younes N, Salem R, Al-Asmakh M, Altamash T, Pintus G, Khraisheh M, Nasrallah GK. Toxicity evaluation of selected ionic liquid compounds on embryonic development of Zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:17-24. [PMID: 29857229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrate formation in seafloor pipelines is considered an economic and flow assurance issue for the oil and gas industries. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been recently used as potential hydrate inhibitors. Although branded as green compounds, their ecotoxicity in case of leakage from pipelines onto the aquatic environment needs more deep evaluations. Here, we investigate the impacts of three ILs previously used as successful thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors namely choline chloride (ChC1), 1-methyl-1-propyl pyrrolidinium triflate (PMPy [triflate]) and tetra-methyl ammonium acetate (TMAA). Mortality (including LC50), teratogenicity, locomotion and neurotoxicity, and hatching rate were utilized to investigate any potential acute toxicity of these ILs on embryonic development of zebrafish. No significant mortality or teratogenic effects were found for all tested compounds in a concentration range between 50 and 200 mg/L. The LC50 was significantly higher than the tested dose >200 mg/L. While, up to 200 mg/L all compound had no impact on the survival rate, ChCl showed a significant effect on neuromuscular development as judged by the increase of spontaneous tail coiling activity (25 VS 4 burst/ minutes of the negative control-treated embryos). Further, apart from PMPy [triflate], ChC1 and TMAA had a significant adverse effect on the hatching rate of the treated embryos at concentrations of 200 mg/L. However, this effect was very mild at lower concentrations (≤100 mg/L). Our data indicate that within the tested concentrations both TMAA and PMPy [triflate] had no or little potential harmful effect on embryonic development of aquatic fauna "green", while ChC1 should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Women's Science building, C01, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rola Salem
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Women's Science building, C01, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Women's Science building, C01, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tausif Altamash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Women's Science building, C01, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Majeda Khraisheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Women's Science building, C01, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Conrad M, Kagan VE, Bayir H, Pagnussat GC, Head B, Traber MG, Stockwell BR. Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species. Genes Dev 2018; 32:602-619. [PMID: 29802123 PMCID: PMC6004068 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314674.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review by Conrad et al. reviews the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea, and discusses the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Lipid peroxidation is the process by which oxygen combines with lipids to generate lipid hydroperoxides via intermediate formation of peroxyl radicals. Vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 react with peroxyl radicals to yield peroxides, and then these oxidized lipid species can be detoxified by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and other components of the cellular antioxidant defense network. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death involving overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Here, we review the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea. We also discuss the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Lipidomics of Cell Death and Regeneration, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Gabriela C Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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16
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Steenbergen PJ, Bardine N, Sharif F. Kinetics of glucocorticoid exposure in developing zebrafish: A tracer study. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:147-155. [PMID: 28544900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study the dynamics of glucocorticoid uptake by zebrafish chorionated embryos from the surrounding medium were studied, using 2.5 μM cortisol or dexamethasone solutions complemented with their tritiated variant. We measured the uptake of radioactive cortisol by embryos during a 1 h submersion. Interestingly, the signal in chorionated embryos was 85% (exposure: 1-2 hpf) or 78% (exposure: 48-49 hpf) of the signal present in an equal volume medium. By comparing embryos measured without chorion, we found that 18-20% of the radioactivity present in chorionated embryos is actually bound to the chorion or located in the perivitelline space. Consequently, embryonic tissue contains radioactivity levels of 60% of a similar volume of medium after 1 h incubation. During early developmental stages (1-48 hpf) exposure of more than 24 h in cortisol was needed to achieve radioactivity levels similar to an equal volume of medium within the embryonic tissue and more than 48 h for dexamethasone. In glucocorticoid-free medium, radioactivity dropped rapidly below 10% for both glucocorticoids, suggesting that the major portion of the embryonic radioactivity was a result of simple diffusion. During later developmental stages (48-96 hpf) initial uptake dynamics were similar, but showed a decrease of tissue radioactivity to 20% of an equal volume of medium after hatching, probably due to development and activation of the hypothalamic pituitary interrenal axis. Uptake is dependent on the developmental stage of the embryo. Furthermore, the presence of the chorion during exposure should be taken into account even when small lipophilic molecules are being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Johannes Steenbergen
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nabila Bardine
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Reseach Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Pakistan.
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17
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Babić S, Barišić J, Višić H, Sauerborn Klobučar R, Topić Popović N, Strunjak-Perović I, Čož-Rakovac R, Klobučar G. Embryotoxic and genotoxic effects of sewage effluents in zebrafish embryo using multiple endpoint testing. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:9-21. [PMID: 28254533 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are often complex mixtures of various organic and inorganic substances. Quality control of wastewaters and sludges has been regulated with measuring several physico-chemical parameters and sometimes using biological methods with non-specific responses, while synergistic action mechanisms of contaminants in such complex mixtures is still unknown. Toxic effects of wastewaters within and downstream of the WWTP in City of Virovitica, Croatia, were tested on zebrafish Danio rerio using a set of biomarkers that enabled an insight in wastewaters toxic potential on embryos at the cellular, tissue and the whole organism level during an early ontogenesis (24 and 48 hpf). Exposure of embryos to the wastewater samples from WWTP Virovitica increased mortality and abnormality rate. Heart rate, spontaneous movements and pigmentation formation were also markedly affected. Biochemical markers confirmed the presence of MXR inhibitors in all tested wastewater samples, indicating the increase of pollutant accumulation in the cell/organism. Also, a tendency of DNA damage decrease measured with Comet assay was evident in wastewater samples downstream from WWTP although control levels were not reached in any environmental sample. Histopathological analysis showed that exposure to tested samples resulted in impaired muscle organization, notochord malformation and retardation in eye and brain development at embryos 48 hpf. Furthermore, semi-quantitative histopathology assessment indicated increased percentage of embryo defects in river water sampled several kilometers downstream from the WWTP, confirming toxic potential of WWTP effluents. Extension of the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) with biochemical and histopathological biomarkers could serve as a guiding principle in biomonitoring of wastewater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Barišić
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Višić
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Natalija Topić Popović
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivančica Strunjak-Perović
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Pelka KE, Henn K, Keck A, Sapel B, Braunbeck T. Size does matter - Determination of the critical molecular size for the uptake of chemicals across the chorion of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:1-10. [PMID: 28142078 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify the upper limits of the molecular size of chemicals to cross the chorion of zebrafish, Danio rerio, differently sized, non-toxic and chemically inert polyethylene glycols (PEGs; 2000-12,000Da) were applied at concentrations (9.76mM) high enough to provoke osmotic pressure. Whereas small PEGs were expected to be able to cross the chorion, restricted uptake of large PEGs was hypothesized to result in shrinkage of the chorion. Due to a slow, but gradual uptake of PEGs over time, molecular size-dependent equilibration in conjunction with a regain of the spherical chorion shape was observed. Thus, the size of molecules able to cross the chorion could be narrowed down precisely to ≤4000Da, and the time-dependency of the movement across the chorion could be described. To account for associated alterations in embryonic development, fish embryo toxicity tests (FETs) according to OECD test guideline 236 (OECD, 2013) were performed with special emphasis to changes in chorion shape. FETs revealed clear-cut size-effects: the higher the actual molecular weight (=size) of the PEG, the more effects (both acutely toxic and sublethal) were found. No effects were seen with PEGs of 2000 and 3000Da. In contrast, PEG 8000 and PEG 12,000 were found to be most toxic with LC50 values of 16.05 and 16.40g/L, respectively. Likewise, the extent of chorion shrinkage due to increased osmotic pressure strictly depended on PEG molecular weight and duration of exposure. A reflux of water and PEG molecules into the chorion and a resulting re-shaping of the chorion could only be observed for eggs exposed to PEGs ≤4000Da. Results clearly indicate a barrier function of the zebrafish chorion for molecules larger than 3000 to 4,000Da.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Pelka
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Henn
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sapel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, University Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Dorts J, Falisse E, Schoofs E, Flamion E, Kestemont P, Silvestre F. DNA methyltransferases and stress-related genes expression in zebrafish larvae after exposure to heat and copper during reprogramming of DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34254. [PMID: 27731414 PMCID: PMC5059630 DOI: 10.1038/srep34254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, a well-studied epigenetic mark, is important for gene regulation in adulthood and for development. Using genetic and epigenetic approaches, the present study aimed at evaluating the effects of heat stress and copper exposure during zebrafish early embryogenesis when patterns of DNA methylation are being established, a process called reprogramming. Embryos were exposed to 325 μg Cu/L from fertilization (<1 h post fertilization - hpf) to 4 hpf at either 26.5 °C or 34 °C, followed by incubation in clean water at 26.5 °C till 96 hpf. Significant increased mortality rates and delayed hatching were observed following exposure to combined high temperature and Cu. Secondly, both stressors, alone or in combination, significantly upregulated the expression of de novo DNA methyltransferase genes (dnmt3) along with no differences in global cytosine methylation level. Finally, Cu exposure significantly increased the expression of metallothionein (mt2) and heat shock protein (hsp70), the latter being also increased following exposure to high temperature. These results highlighted the sensitivity of early embryogenesis and more precisely of the reprogramming period to environmental challenges, in a realistic situation of combined stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dorts
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Elodie Falisse
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Emilie Schoofs
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Enora Flamion
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Silvestre
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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20
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Zivna D, Blahova J, Siroka Z, Plhalova L, Marsalek P, Doubkova V, Zelinska G, Vecerek V, Tichy F, Sehonova P, Svobodova Z. The Effects of Salicylic Acid on Juvenile Zebrafish Danio rerio Under Flow-Through Conditions. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:323-330. [PMID: 27385367 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is becoming increasingly contaminated with pharmaceuticals. Salicylic acid (SA), which can be used individually or appear as a degradation product of the widely used acetylsalicylic acid was chosen for testing. Juvenile zebrafish Danio rerio were subjected to OECD test No. 215 (fish, juvenile growth test) with salicylic acid concentrations of 0.004; 0.04; 0.4; 4 and 40 mg/L. Specific growth rate (SGR), histological changes, and parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated. SA had no effects on histological changes, SGR, glutathione reductase, and lipid peroxidation. Increased catalytic activity of GPx was found at 0.04 mg/L compared to control, increased catalytic activity of catalase was found at 0.04 and 4 mg/L compared to control, and increased catalytic activity of glutathione-S-transferase was found at 0.004 and 0.04 mg/L compared to control (P < 0.05). Juvenile zebrafish turned out to be relatively insensitive to both environmentally relevant (0.004 mg/L) and higher concentrations of salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Zivna
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Siroka
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Plhalova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsalek
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Doubkova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Zelinska
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Vecerek
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Sehonova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Shaw BJ, Liddle CC, Windeatt KM, Handy RD. A critical evaluation of the fish early-life stage toxicity test for engineered nanomaterials: experimental modifications and recommendations. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2077-2107. [PMID: 27318802 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are concerns that regulatory toxicity tests are not fit for purpose for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) or need modifications. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the OECD 210 fish, early-life stage toxicity test for use with TiO2 ENMs, Ag ENMs, and MWCNT. Both TiO2 ENMS (≤160 mg l(-1)) and MWCNT (≤10 mg l(-1)) showed limited acute toxicity, whilst Ag ENMs were acutely toxic to zebrafish, though less so than AgNO3 (6-day LC50 values of 58.6 and 5.0 µg l(-1), respectively). Evidence of delayed hatching, decreased body length and increased muscle width in the tail was seen in fish exposed to Ag ENMs. Oedema (swollen yolk sacs) was also seen in fish from both Ag treatments with, for example, mean yolk sac volumes of 17, 35 and 39 µm(3) for the control, 100 µg l(-1) Ag ENMs and 5 µg l(-1) AgNO3 treatments, respectively. Among the problems with the standard test guidelines was the inability to maintain the test solutions within ±20 % of nominal concentrations. Pronounced settling of the ENMs in some beakers also made it clear the fish were not being exposed to nominal concentrations. To overcome this, the exposure apparatus was modified with the addition of an exposure chamber that ensured mixing without damaging the delicate embryos/larvae. This allowed more homogeneous ENM exposures, signified by improved measured concentrations in the beakers (up to 85.7 and 88.1 % of the nominal concentrations from 10 mg l(-1) TiO2 and 50 µg l(-1) Ag ENM exposures, respectively) and reduced variance between measurements compared to the original method. The recommendations include: that the test is conducted using exposure chambers, the use of quantitative measurements for assessing hatching and morphometrics, and where there is increased sensitivity of larvae over embryos to conduct a shorter, larvae-only toxicity test with the ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Shaw
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Corin C Liddle
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Kirsten M Windeatt
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard D Handy
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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22
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Huang SSY, Noble S, Godoy R, Ekker M, Chan HM. Delayed effects of methylmercury on the mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons and developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:73-80. [PMID: 26994370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known neurotoxicant affecting the central nervous system but effects on dopaminergic (DA) neurons are not well understood. Wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio) and two transgenic lines: Tg(dat:eGFP) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in DA neuron clusters and Tg(dat:tom20 MLS-mCherry) expressing red fluorescence (mCherry) targeted to mitochondria of DA neurons were used to evaluate the effects of micromolar MeHg exposure on DA neuron and whole animal motor function during early development. Three-day-old larvae were exposed to micromolar concentrations of MeHg (0.03, 0.06, and 0.3μM) in system water. Exposure to 0.3μM MeHg caused mortality and significant morphological abnormalities including edema, curvature of the spine, and hemorrhages in zebrafish larvae after a 48h exposure period. At 0.06μM MeHg, the appearance of morphological abnormalities was delayed for 72h and far less severe, whereas 0.03μM MeHg did not cause any morphological defects or mortalities. A delayed but significant reduction in locomotor ability and mCherry fluorescence in specific brain regions in the 0.06μM MeHg exposed larvae suggests that DA neuron function rather than neuron numbers was compromised. Double immunolabeling with tyrosine hydroxylase and pan neural staining showed no effect of MeHg exposure. We have established Tg(dat:tom20 MLS-mCherry) zebrafish larvae as a model which can be used to assess MeHg neurotoxicity and that exposure to low dose MeHg (0.06μM) during development may predispose DA neurons to impairment caused by changes in mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie S Y Huang
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sandra Noble
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rafael Godoy
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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23
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Koenig JA, Dao TL, Kan RK, Shih TM. Zebrafish as a model for acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus agent exposure and oxime reactivation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1374:68-77. [PMID: 27123828 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The current research progression efforts for investigating novel treatments for exposure to organophosphorus (OP) compounds that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), including pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs), rely solely on in vitro cell assays and in vivo rodent models. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular, well-established vertebrate model in biomedical research that offers high-throughput capabilities and genetic manipulation not readily available with rodents. A number of research studies have investigated the effects of subacute developmental exposure to OP pesticides in zebrafish, observing detrimental effects on gross morphology, neuronal development, and behavior. Few studies, however, have utilized this model to evaluate treatments, such as oxime reactivators, anticholinergics, or anticonvulsants, following acute exposure. Preliminary work has investigated the effects of CWNA exposure. The results clearly demonstrated relative toxicity and oxime efficacy similar to that reported for the rodent model. This review surveys the current literature utilizing zebrafish as a model for OP exposure and highlights its potential use as a high-throughput system for evaluating AChE reactivator antidotal treatments to acute pesticide and CWNA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Koenig
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
| | - Thuy L Dao
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
| | - Robert K Kan
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
| | - Tsung-Ming Shih
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
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24
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From cutting edge to guideline: A first step in harmonization of the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) by describing the most optimal test conditions and morphology scoring system. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 56:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Brox S, Ritter AP, Küster E, Reemtsma T. Influence of the perivitelline space on the quantification of internal concentrations of chemicals in eggs of zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 157:134-140. [PMID: 25456227 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chorion and the perivitelline space which surround unhatched zebrafish embryos (ZFE, Danio rerio) may affect the determination of internal concentrations of study compounds taken up in early life-stages of ZFE. Internal concentration-time profiles were gathered for benzocaine, caffeine, clofibric acid, metribuzin and phenacetin as study compounds over 96 h of exposure starting with ZFE at 4h post-fertilization. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentration of the study compounds from intact (i.e. unhatched), dechorionated and from hatched ZFE. The mass of the study compounds per ZFE was 5-30 ng higher for intact ZFE compared to dechorionated ones. Thus, internal concentrations were overestimated if only intact ZFE were analyzed. Dechorionation of unhatched ZFE after their exposure is proposed to determine the true internal concentration in the embryo. For the compounds studied here the mass of the study compounds determined in unhatched ZFE after a short term (5 min) exposure provided a reasonable estimate of the mass taken up by the chorion and the PVS. This mass can be subtracted from the total mass found in unhatched ZFE to calculate the true internal mass. Estimating the mass in the chorion and the PVS from the concentration of the study compound in the external exposure medium and the volume of the PVS provided no reasonable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Brox
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel P Ritter
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhard Küster
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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26
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Jeffries MKS, Stultz AE, Smith AW, Rawlings JM, Belanger SE, Oris JT. Alternative methods for toxicity assessments in fish: comparison of the fish embryo toxicity and the larval growth and survival tests in zebrafish and fathead minnows. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2584-94. [PMID: 25113410 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An increased demand for chemical toxicity evaluations has resulted in the need for alternative testing strategies that address animal welfare concerns. The fish embryo toxicity (FET) test developed for zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one such alternative, and the application of the FET test to other species such as the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) has been proposed. In the present study, the performances of the FET test and the larval growth and survival (LGS; a standard toxicity testing method) test in zebrafish and fathead minnows were evaluated. This required that testing methods for the fathead minnow FET and zebrafish LGS tests be harmonized with existing test methods and that the performance of these testing strategies be evaluated by comparing the median lethal concentrations of 2 reference toxicants, 3,4-dicholoraniline and ammonia, obtained via each of the test types. The results showed that procedures for the zebrafish FET test can be adapted and applied to the fathead minnow. Differences in test sensitivity were observed for 3,4-dicholoraniline but not ammonia; therefore, conclusions regarding which test types offer the least or most sensitivity could not be made. Overall, these results show that the fathead minnow FET test has potential as an alternative toxicity testing strategy and that further analysis with other toxicants is warranted in an effort to better characterize the sensitivity and feasibility of this testing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo K Sellin Jeffries
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA; Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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27
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Chen W, Cai Q, Zhao Y, Zheng G, Liang Y. Toxicity evaluation of pig slurry using luminescent bacteria and zebrafish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:6856-70. [PMID: 24995598 PMCID: PMC4113850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110706856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biogas slurry has become a serious pollution problem and anaerobic digestion is widely applied to pig manure treatment for environmental protection and energy recovery. To evaluate environmental risk of the emission of biogas slurry, luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), larvae and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used to detect the acute and development toxicity of digested and post-treated slurry. Then the ability of treatment process was evaluated. The results showed that digested slurry displayed strong toxicity to both zebrafish and luminescent bacteria, while the EC50 for luminescent bacteria and the LC50 for larvae were only 6.81% (v/v) and 1.95% (v/v) respectively, and embryonic development was inhibited at just 1% (v/v). Slurry still maintained a high level of toxicity although it had been treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR), while the LC50 of larvae was 75.23% (v/v) and there was a little effect on the development of embryos and V. fischeri; the results also revealed that the zebrafish larvae are more sensitive than embryos and luminescent bacteria to pig slurry. Finally, we also found the toxicity removal rate was higher than 90% after the treatment of MBR according to toxicity tests. In conclusion, further treatment should be used in pig slurry disposal or reused of final effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Chen
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 1 GeHu Road, Wu Jin District, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu,China.
| | - Qiang Cai
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, No. 705, Yatai Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing 314006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 1 GeHu Road, Wu Jin District, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu,China.
| | - Guojuan Zheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, No. 705, Yatai Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing 314006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuting Liang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 71, Beijing East Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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28
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Groh KJ, Dalkvist T, Piccapietra F, Behra R, Suter MJF, Schirmer K. Critical influence of chloride ions on silver ion-mediated acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles to zebrafish embryos. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:81-91. [PMID: 24625062 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.893379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) to aquatic organisms, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), has been demonstrated, but differing opinions exist on the contribution of the physical properties of the particles themselves and the free dissolved silver ions (Ag(+)) to the observed effects. High concentrations of chloride ions (Cl(-)) in the routinely used exposure media can cause precipitation of Ag(+) as AgCl, as well as complexation of silver in diverse soluble chlorocomplexes, thus masking the contribution of dissolved silver to AgNP toxicity. In the present study, we formulated a zebrafish exposure medium with a low chloride content and exposed zebrafish embryos to AgNO3 or carbonate-coated AgNP. The severity of toxicity caused by both silver forms depended on the time of exposure start, with younger embryos being most sensitive. Toxicity caused by both AgNO3 and AgNP was of the same order of magnitude when compared based on the total dissolved silver concentration and could be prevented by addition of the Ag(+) chelator cysteine. Further, we have analyzed the data from several previous studies to evaluate the influence of interactions between Ag(+) and Cl(-) on silver toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Our analysis demonstrates that the acute toxicity of AgNP to zebrafish embryos is largely mediated by Ag(+). The influence of particle size and coating can at least partially be explained by the differences in Ag(+) dissolution. High Cl(-) levels in the exposure medium indeed have a pivotal influence on the resulting toxicity of AgNP, appearing to significantly attenuate toxicity in several studies. This consideration should influence the choice of exposure medium to be used when evaluating and comparing AgNP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Dübendorf , Switzerland
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29
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Knöbel M, Busser FJM, Rico-Rico A, Kramer NI, Hermens JLM, Hafner C, Tanneberger K, Schirmer K, Scholz S. Predicting adult fish acute lethality with the zebrafish embryo: relevance of test duration, endpoints, compound properties, and exposure concentration analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:9690-700. [PMID: 22835061 DOI: 10.1021/es301729q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo toxicity test has been proposed as an alternative for the acute fish toxicity test, which is required by various regulations for environmental risk assessment of chemicals. We investigated the reliability of the embryo test by probing organic industrial chemicals with a wide range of physicochemical properties, toxicities, and modes of toxic action. Moreover, the relevance of using measured versus nominal (intended) exposure concentrations, inclusion of sublethal endpoints, and different exposure durations for the comparability with reported fish acute toxicity was explored. Our results confirm a very strong correlation of zebrafish embryo to fish acute toxicity. When toxicity values were calculated based on measured exposure concentrations, the slope of the type II regression line was 1 and nearly passed through the origin (1 to 1 correlation). Measured concentrations also explained several apparent outliers. Neither prolonged exposure (up to 120 h) nor consideration of sublethal effects led to a reduced number of outliers. Yet, two types of compounds were less lethal to embryos than to adult fish: a neurotoxic compound acting via sodium channels (permethrin) and a compound requiring metabolic activation (allyl alcohol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Knöbel
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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30
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Olsvik PA, Berntssen MHG, Hylland K, Eriksen DØ, Holen E. Low impact of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of 226Ra in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryonic cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 109:84-93. [PMID: 22388182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether (226)Ra, a radionuclide present in produced water from oil platforms in the North Sea and other offshore drilling areas, could affect vulnerable early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Blastula-stage embryonic cells (EC) from fertilized eggs of Atlantic cod were isolated and exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of (226)Ra and transcription of selected genes quantified. The results showed a weak, but significant up-regulation of GPx3 and HSP70 transcripts after 48 h of exposure to 2.11 Bq/L. In EC exposed to three (226)Ra concentrations (2.11, 23 and 117 Bq/L) for 12 h, metallothionein, HSP90AA, thioredoxin and caspase 8 were significantly up-regulated in cells exposed to 117 Bq/L, whereas thioredoxin was also significantly up-regulated in EC exposed to 23 Bq/L. When EC were exposed to the same (226)Ra concentrations for 48 h, only heme oxygenase was significantly up-regulated in the 23 Bq/L exposure group. The results suggest that environmentally relevant activities of (226)Ra may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish ECs. Exposure of Atlantic cod EC to Cd, selected as a model toxicant, supported the ability of EC around blastula stage to respond to toxicants by altered transcription. Due to dilution, environmentally relevant concentrations of radionuclides present in produced water would be expected to pose a minor threat to early life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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31
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Ariyomo TO, Watt PJ. The effect of variation in boldness and aggressiveness on the reproductive success of zebrafish. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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32
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Yang F, Chen Z, Pan J, Li X, Feng J, Yang H. An integrated microfluidic array system for evaluating toxicity and teratogenicity of drugs on embryonic zebrafish developmental dynamics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2011; 5:24115. [PMID: 21799721 PMCID: PMC3145240 DOI: 10.1063/1.3605509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seeking potential toxic and side effects for clinically available drugs is considerably beneficial in pharmaceutical safety evaluation. In this article, the authors developed an integrated microfluidic array system for phenotype-based evaluation of toxic and teratogenic potentials of clinical drugs by using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as organism models. The microfluidic chip consists of a concentration gradient generator from upstream and an array of open embryonic culture structures by offering continuous stimulation in gradients and providing guiding, cultivation and exposure to the embryos, respectively. The open culture reservoirs are amenable to long-term embryonic culturing. Gradient test substances were delivered in a continuous or a developmental stage-specific manner, to induce embryos to generate dynamic developmental toxicity and teratogenicity. Developmental toxicity of doxorubicin on zebrafish eggs were quantitatively assessed via heart rate, and teratological effects were characterized by pericardial impairment, tail fin, notochord, and SV-BA distance ∕body length. By scoring the teratogenic severity, we precisely evaluated the time- and dose-dependent damage on the chemical-exposed embryos. The simple and easily operated method presented herein demonstrates that zebrafish embryo-based pharmaceutic assessment could be performed using microfluidic systems and holds a great potential in high-throughput screening for new compounds at single animal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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33
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Henn K, Braunbeck T. Dechorionation as a tool to improve the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:91-8. [PMID: 20869464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prior to hatching, the zebrafish embryo is surrounded by an acellular envelope, the chorion. Despite repeated speculations, it could not be clarified unequivocally whether the chorion represents an effective barrier and, thus, protects the embryo from exposure to distinct chemicals. Potentially, there is a risk of generating false negative results in developmental toxicity studies due to limited permeability of the chorion for some compounds. The simplest way to exclude this is to remove the chorion and expose the "naked" embryo. In the context of ecotoxicity testing, standardized protocols do not exist for fish embryo dechorionation, and survival rates of dechorionated embryos have usually not been subjected to statistical analysis. Since reproducibly high survival rates are of fundamental importance for chemical toxicity assessment, the present study was designed to develop and optimize a dechorionation procedure. With appropriate modifications of the fish embryo test protocol, embryos can be dechorionated at 24h post-fertilization (hpf) with survival rates of ≥90%. However, for fish embryo tests with dechorionated embryos, the standard positive control test substance, 3,4-dichloroaniline, should be replaced by another compound, e.g., acetone, since 3,4-dichloroaniline exerts its effects during the first 24h of development. Dechorionation of younger stages (<24 hpf) is generally possible, however with lower survival rates. The effect of dechorionation was demonstrated with the cationic polymer Luviquat HM 552, which is blocked by the chorion non-dechorionated embryos due to its molecular weight of ~400,000 Dalton, but becomes strongly toxic after dechorionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Henn
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Department of Zoology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Miloslavina A, Ebert C, Tietze D, Ohlenschläger O, Englert C, Görlach M, Imhof D. An unusual peptide from Conus villepinii: synthesis, solution structure, and cardioactivity. Peptides 2010; 31:1292-300. [PMID: 20385188 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The venom of marine cone snails contains a variety of conformationally constrained peptides utilized by the animal to capture prey. Besides numerous conotoxins, which are characterized by complex disulfide patterns, other peptides with only a single disulfide bridge were isolated from different conus species. Here, we report the synthesis, structure elucidation and biological evaluation of the novel C-terminally amidated decapeptide CCAP-vil, PFc[CNSFGC]YN-NH(2), from Conus villepinii. The linear precursor peptide was generated by standard solid phase synthesis. Oxidation of the cysteine residues to yield the disulfide-bridged peptide was investigated under different conditions, including several ionic liquids (ILs) as new biocompatible reaction media. Among the examined ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([C(2)mim][OTs]) was most efficient for CCAP-vil oxidative folding, since oxidation occurred without any byproduct formation. The structure of CCAP-vil was determined by NMR methods in aqueous solution and revealed a loop structure adopting a type(I) beta-turn between residues 4-7 imposed by the flanking disulfide bridge. The amino acid side chains of Pro(1), Phe(2), Phe(6) and Tyr(9) point in three directions away from the cyclic core into the solvent creating a rather hydrophobic surface of the molecule. Based on sequence homology to cardioactive peptides (CAPs) from gastropods and arthropods, such as PFc[CNAFTGC]-NH(2) (CCAP), the influence of CCAP-vil on heart rate using zebrafish embryos was investigated. CCAP-vil reduced the heart rate immediately upon injection into the heart as well as upon indirect application indicating an opposite effect to the cardioaccelerating CCAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Miloslavina
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, Peptide Chemistry Group, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Vaughan M, van Egmond R. The Use of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo for the Acute Toxicity Testing of Surfactants, as a Possible Alternative to the Acute Fish Test. Altern Lab Anim 2010; 38:231-8. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291003800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
At present, the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish is most commonly estimated by means of a short-term test on juvenile or adult animals (OECD TG 203). Although, over the last few years, the numbers used have been reduced due to the implementation of the Three Rs ( Reduction, Refinement and Replacement), significant numbers of fish are still used in acute toxicity tests. With the introduction of the new European Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) system, this number is likely to increase dramatically. The aim of this work was to test the acute toxicity of a number of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants to embryos of the zebrafish ( Danio rerio), over 48 hours, as a possible alternative to the standard 96-hour fish acute test. We measured the toxicities of 15 surfactants, and compared the results to previously generated adult D. rerio LC50 data (or other fish species, if these data were not available). Comparison of the LC50 data showed that embryos appear to be as sensitive to cationic and non-ionic surfactants as the adult fish, but possibly are more sensitive to anionic surfactants. Toxicity testing with the embryo test can be carried out more quickly than with the adult test, uses much less space and media, requires less effort, and therefore can be performed at a reduced cost. The embryo test may also uncover additional sub-lethal effects, although these were not observed for surfactants. The data presented here show that the 48-hour embryo test can be considered as a suitable alternative to the adult acute fish test for surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaughan
- AstraZeneca, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Brixham, UK
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Selderslaghs IW, Van Rompay AR, De Coen W, Witters HE. Development of a screening assay to identify teratogenic and embryotoxic chemicals using the zebrafish embryo. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 28:308-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Smith LE, Carvan MJ, Dellinger JA, Ghorai JK, White DB, Williams FE, Weber DN. Developmental selenomethionine and methylmercury exposures affect zebrafish learning. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2009; 32:246-55. [PMID: 19800969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and has been shown to affect learning in vertebrates following relatively low exposures. Zebrafish were used to model long-term learning deficits after developmental MeHg exposure. Selenomethionine (SeMet) co-exposure was used to evaluate its role in neuroprotection. Embryos were exposed from 2 to 24h post fertilization to (1) MeHg without SeMet, (2) SeMet without MeHg and (3) in combination of MeHg and SeMet. In case (1), the levels of MeHg were 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10, and 0.30 microM. In case (2), the levels of SeMet were 0.00. 0.03, 0.06, 0.10, and 0.30 microM. In case (3), co-exposure levels of (MeHg, SeMet) were (0.03, 0.03), (0.03, 0.06), (0.03, 0.10), (0.03, 0.30), (0.10, 0.03), (0.10, 0.06), (0.10, 0.10), and (0.10, 0.30) microM. Learning functions were tested in individual adults, 4 months after developmental exposure using a spatial alternation paradigm with food delivery on alternating sides of the aquarium. Low levels of MeHg (<0.1 microM) exposure delayed learning in treated fish; fish exposed to higher MeHg levels were unable to learn the task; SeMet co-exposure did not prevent this deficit. These data are consistent with findings in laboratory rodents. The dorsal and lateral telencephalon are the primary brain regions in fish involved in spatial learning and memory. Adult telencephalon cell body density decreased significantly at all MeHg exposures >0.01 microM MeHg. SeMet co-exposure ameliorated but did not prevent changes in telencephalon cell body density. In summary, MeHg affected both learning and brain structure, but SeMet only partially reversed the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh E Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States
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Küster E, Altenburger R. Oxygen decline in biotesting of environmental samples--is there a need for consideration in the acute zebrafish embryo assay? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:745-750. [PMID: 18348292 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental samples such as groundwater, sediment pore water, native or freeze dried sediments may be difficult to analyze for toxic effects with organismic aquatic bioassays. These samples might evoke low oxygen concentration or oxygen depletion during the test. The toxicity assessment could thus be confounded by low oxygen concentrations. The acute zebrafish embryo assay was used to analyze the influence of oxygen deficit on the embryonic development in the first 48 h post fertilization. Embryos were exposed to varying oxygen concentrations ranging from <30 to >80% oxygen saturation of water. A clear concentration dependent retardation of fish embryo development was observed. Because of a retarded development toxic thresholds of environmental samples which might include substances slowing down the development will be altered. For the purpose of identification of critical contaminants in complex environmental samples, it is proposed to actively aerate environmental samples which are likely to be oxygen depleted during the duration of the zebrafish embryo bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Küster
- UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Lahnsteiner F. The Sensitivity and Reproducibility of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo Test for the Screening of Waste Water Quality and for Testing the Toxicity of Chemicals. Altern Lab Anim 2008; 36:299-311. [DOI: 10.1177/026119290803600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of the zebrafish embryo test, a test proposed for routine waste water control, was compared with the acute fish toxicity test, in the determination of six types of waste water and ten different chemicals. The waste water was sampled from the following industrial processes: paper and cardboard production, hide tanning, metal galvanisation, carcass treatment and utilisation, and sewage treatment. The chemicals tested were: dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, cadmium chloride, cyclohexane, hydroquinone, mercuric chloride, nickel chloride, nonylphenol, resmethrin and sodium nitrite. For many of the test substances, the zebrafish embryo test and the acute fish toxicity test results showed high correlations. However, there were certain environmentally-relevant substances for which the results of the zebrafish embryo test and the acute fish toxicity test differed significantly, up to 10,000-fold (Hg2+ > 150fold difference; NO2- > 300-fold; Cd2+ > 200-fold; resmethrin > 10,000-fold). For the investigated waste water samples and chemicals, the survival rate of the zebrafish embryos showed high variations between different egg samples, within the range of the EC50 concentration. Subsequently, 5–6 parallel assays were deemed to be the appropriate number necessary for the precise evaluation of the toxicity of the test substances. Also, it was found that the sensitivities of different ontogenetic stages to chemical exposure differed greatly. During the first 12 hours after fertilisation (4-cell stage to the 5-somite stage), the embryos reacted most sensitively to test substance exposure, whereas the later ontogenetic stages showed only slight or no response, indicating that the test is most sensitive during the first 24 hours post-fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Lahnsteiner
- Department for Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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40
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On the possibility of using biological toxicity tests to monitor the work of wastewater treatment plants. ARCH BIOL SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.2298/abs0803431z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to ascertain the possibility of using biological toxicity tests to monitor influent and effluent wastewaters of wastewater treatment plants. The information obtained through these tests is used to prevent toxic pollutants from entering wastewater treatment plants and discharge of toxic pollutants into the recipient. Samples of wastewaters from the wastewater treatment plants of Kragujevac and Gornji Milanovac, as well as from the Lepenica and Despotovica Rivers immediately before and after the influx of wastewaters from the plants, were collected between October 2004 and June 2005. Used as the test organism in these tests was the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio Hamilton - Buchanon (Cyprinidae). The acute toxicity test of 96/h duration showed that the tested samples had a slight acutely toxic effect on B. rerio, except for the sample of influent wastewater into the Cvetojevac wastewater treatment plant, which had moderately acute toxicity, indicating that such water should be prevented from entering the system in order to eliminate its detrimental effect on the purification process.
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Weber DN, Connaughton VP, Dellinger JA, Klemer D, Udvadia A, Carvan MJ. Selenomethionine reduces visual deficits due to developmental methylmercury exposures. Physiol Behav 2007; 93:250-60. [PMID: 17905328 PMCID: PMC2265788 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposures to methylmercury (MeHg) have life-long behavioral effects. Many micronutrients, including selenium, are involved in cellular defenses against oxidative stress and may reduce the severity of MeHg-induced deficits. Zebrafish embryos (<4 h post fertilization, hpf) were exposed to combinations of 0.0-0.30 microM MeHg and/or selenomethionine (SeMet) until 24 hpf then placed in clean medium. Fish were tested as adults under low light conditions ( approximately 60 microW/m(2)) for visual responses to a rotating black bar. Dose-dependent responses to MeHg exposure were evident (ANOVA, P<0.001) as evidenced by reduced responsiveness, whereas SeMet did not induce deficits except at 0.3 microM. Ratios of SeMet:MeHg of 1:1 or 1:3 resulted in responses that were indistinguishable from controls (ANOVA, P<0.001). No gross histopathologies were observed (H&E stain) in the retina or optic tectum at any MeHg concentration. Whole-cell, voltage-gated, depolarization-elicited outward K(+) currents of bipolar cells in intact retina of slices adult zebrafish were recorded and outward K(+) current amplitude was larger in bipolar cells of MeHg-treated fish. This was due to the intense response of cells expressing the delayed rectifying I(K) current; cells expressing the transient I(A) current displayed a slight trend for smaller amplitude among MeHg-treated fish. Developmental co-exposure to SeMet reduced but did not eliminate the increase in the MeHg-induced I(K) response, however, I(A) responses increased significantly over MeHg-treated fish to match control levels. Electrophysiological deficits parallel behavioral patterns in MeHg-treated fish, i.e., initial reactions to the rotating bar were followed by periods of inactivity and then a resumption of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Weber
- Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States.
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King Heiden TC, Dengler E, Kao WJ, Heideman W, Peterson RE. Developmental toxicity of low generation PAMAM dendrimers in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 225:70-9. [PMID: 17764713 PMCID: PMC6886473 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological molecules and intracellular structures operate at the nanoscale; therefore, development of nanomedicines shows great promise for the treatment of disease by using targeted drug delivery and gene therapies. PAMAM dendrimers, which are highly branched polymers with low polydispersity and high functionality, provide an ideal architecture for construction of effective drug carriers, gene transfer devices and imaging of biological systems. For example, dendrimers bioconjugated with selective ligands such as Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) would theoretically target cells that contain integrin receptors and show potential for use as drug delivery devices. While RGD-conjugated dendrimers are generally considered not to be cytotoxic, there currently exists little information on the risks that such materials pose to human health. In an effort to compliment and extend the knowledge gleaned from cell culture assays, we have used the zebrafish embryo as a rapid, medium throughput, cost-effective whole-animal model to provide a more comprehensive and predictive developmental toxicity screen for nanomaterials such as PAMAM dendrimers. Using the zebrafish embryo, we have assessed the developmental toxicity of low generation (G3.5 and G4) PAMAM dendrimers, as well as RGD-conjugated forms for comparison. Our results demonstrate that G4 dendrimers, which have amino functional groups, are toxic and attenuate growth and development of zebrafish embryos at sublethal concentrations; however, G3.5 dendrimers, with carboxylic acid terminal functional groups, are not toxic to zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, RGD-conjugated G4 dendrimers are less potent in causing embryo toxicity than G4 dendrimers. RGD-conjugated G3.5 dendrimers do not elicit toxicity at the highest concentrations tested and warrant further study for use as a drug delivery device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisha C. King Heiden
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Emelyne Dengler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Weiyuan John Kao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Warren Heideman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Richard E. Peterson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
- Corresponding author: Richard E Peterson, University of Wisconsin, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705-2222., TEL: + 1-608-263-5453, FAX: +1-608-265-3316,
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Ferrari B, Paxéus N, Lo Giudice R, Pollio A, Garric J. Ecotoxicological impact of pharmaceuticals found in treated wastewaters: study of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2003; 55:359-70. [PMID: 12798771 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In four countries (France, Greece, Italy, and Sweden) occurrence in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and ecotoxicity of the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac were investigated. Bioassays were performed on bacteria, algae, microcrustaceans, and fishes in order to calculate their predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) and to perform a first approach of risk characterization. For this aim, risk has been estimated by the predicted environmental concentration/PNEC ratio and the measured environmental concentration/PNEC ratio. First, regarding the PNEC, carbamazepine appears to be the more hazardous compound. Second, even though it is demonstrated that carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and diclofenac have been detected in effluents, only carbamazepine have been detected in all sewage treatment plants with the greatest concentrations. Third, risk quotients greater than unity were calculated only for carbamazepine, suggesting that risk for the water compartment is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Ferrari
- Laboratoire d'éotoxicologie, CEMAGREF, 3bis quai Chauveau, 69336 Lyon, CP 220, Cedex 09, France
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Spitsbergen JM, Kent ML. The state of the art of the zebrafish model for toxicology and toxicologic pathology research--advantages and current limitations. Toxicol Pathol 2003; 31 Suppl:62-87. [PMID: 12597434 PMCID: PMC1909756 DOI: 10.1080/01926230390174959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now the pre-eminent vertebrate model system for clarification of the roles of specific genes and signaling pathways in development. The zebrafish genome will be completely sequenced within the next 1-2 years. Together with the substantial historical database regarding basic developmental biology, toxicology, and gene transfer, the rich foundation of molecular genetic and genomic data makes zebrafish a powerful model system for clarifying mechanisms in toxicity. In contrast to the highly advanced knowledge base on molecular developmental genetics in zebrafish, our database regarding infectious and noninfectious diseases and pathologic lesions in zebrafish lags far behind the information available on most other domestic mammalian and avian species, particularly rodents. Currently, minimal data are available regarding spontaneous neoplasm rates or spontaneous aging lesions in any of the commonly used wild-type or mutant lines of zebrafish. Therefore, to fully utilize the potential of zebrafish as an animal model for understanding human development, disease, and toxicology we must greatly advance our knowledge on zebrafish diseases and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Spitsbergen
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and Marine/Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA.
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