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Ding K, Xu Q, Zhao L, Li Y, Li Z, Shi W, Zeng Q, Wang X, Zhang X. Chromosome-level genome provides insights into environmental adaptability and innate immunity in the common dolphin (delphinus delphis). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:373. [PMID: 38627659 PMCID: PMC11022445 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is widely distributed worldwide and well adapted to various habitats. Animal genomes store clues about their pasts, and can reveal the genes underlying their evolutionary success. Here, we report the first high-quality chromosome-level genome of D. delphis. The assembled genome size was 2.56 Gb with a contig N50 of 63.85 Mb. Phylogenetically, D. delphis was close to Tursiops truncatus and T. aduncus. The genome of D. delphis exhibited 428 expanded and 1,885 contracted gene families, and 120 genes were identified as positively selected. The expansion of the HSP70 gene family suggested that D. delphis has a powerful system for buffering stress, which might be associated with its broad adaptability, longevity, and detoxification capacity. The expanded IFN-α and IFN-ω gene families, as well as the positively selected genes encoding tripartite motif-containing protein 25, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1, and p38 MAP kinase, were all involved in pathways for antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic mechanisms. The genome data also revealed dramatic fluctuations in the effective population size during the Pleistocene. Overall, the high-quality genome assembly and annotation represent significant molecular resources for ecological and evolutionary studies of Delphinus and help support their sustainable treatment and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinzeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenge Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianhui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Xi'an, China.
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Mondal MIH, Chandra Chakraborty S, Rahman MS, Marjuban SMH, Ahmed F, Zhou JL, Ahmed MB, Zargar M. Adsorbents from rice husk and shrimp shell for effective removal of heavy metals and reactive dyes in water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123637. [PMID: 38408507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Widespread contamination by heavy metals (HMs) and dyes poses a major health risk to people and ecosystems requiring effective treatment. In this work, rice husk (RH) and shrimp shells were extracted to obtain amorphous silica and chitosan, respectively, which were utilized to produce nano-chitosan-coated silica (NCCS). To ensure the stability of the nanoparticles, silica was freeze-dried after being coated with nano-chitosan. Functional groups (-NH2, -OH, P]O) from chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were introduced to the surface of silica during this process. Dyes such as brilliant green (BG), methylene blue (MB) and reactive brown (RB) as well as HMs (Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+) were removed by adsorbents. CNPs showed the highest adsorption capacity for RB (59.52 mg/g) among dyes and Cr6+ (42.55 mg/g) among HMs. CNPs showed the highest adsorption capacity for HMs among different adsorbents. Although NCCS and CNPs showed similar adsorption capabilities for HMs and dyes, NCCS showed the best stability. The adsorption performance decreased as RB > Cr6+ > MB > BG > Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+. The adsorption reactions followed both pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetics, and was spontaneous from thermodynamic analysis. In summary, the waste-derived adsorbents demonstrated excellent potential for removing HMs and dyes from water, while supporting effective management solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ibrahim H Mondal
- Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shovra Chandra Chakraborty
- Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Firoz Ahmed
- Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi 6206, Bangladesh
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide 5005, Australia; School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 6027 Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Masoumeh Zargar
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 6027 Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Page A, Hay C, Marks W, Bennett B, Gribble MO, Noke Durden W, Stolen M, Jablonski T, Gordon N, Kolkmeyer T, Jiang M, Pegg N, Brown H, Burton S. Trace element bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, and elimination in odontocetes stranded in Florida and Georgia, USA over a 15-year period (2007-2021). Heliyon 2024; 10:e25552. [PMID: 38356552 PMCID: PMC10865268 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Odontocetes obtain nutrients including essential elements through their diet and are exposed to heavy metal contaminants via ingestion of contaminated prey. We evaluated the prevalence, concentration, and tissue distribution of essential and non-essential trace elements, including heavy metal toxicants, in tissue (blubber, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, skin) and fecal samples collected from 90 odontocetes, representing nine species, that stranded in Georgia and Florida, USA during 2007-2021. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of seven essential (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc) and five non-essential (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, thallium) elemental analytes using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) and short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) had the highest median concentrations of mercury, cadmium, and lead, while dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima) had the lowest. Adult pygmy and dwarf sperm whales that stranded in 2019-2021 had higher concentrations of arsenic, copper, iron, lead, manganese, selenium, thallium, and zinc compared to those that stranded in 2010-2018, suggesting an increasing risk of exposure over time. The highest concentrations of many elements (e.g., cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, thallium, zinc) were in fecal samples, illustrating the usefulness of this noninvasively collected sample. Aside from fecal samples, hepatic tissues had the highest concentrations of iron, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, and selenium in most species; renal tissues had the highest concentrations of cadmium; skin had the highest concentrations of zinc; and copper, arsenic, and lead concentrations were primarily distributed among the liver and kidneys. Phylogenetic differences in patterns of trace element concentrations likely reflect species-specific differences in diet, trophic level, and feeding strategies, while heterogeneous distributions of elemental analytes among different organ types reflect differences in elemental biotransformation, elimination, and storage. This study illustrates the importance of monitoring toxic contaminants in stranded odontocetes, which serve as important sentinels of environmental contamination, and whose health may be linked to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Page
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Clara Hay
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
- United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Wendy Marks
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Baylin Bennett
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Gordon
- Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish & Wildlife Research Institute, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Trip Kolkmeyer
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Brunswick, GA, USA
| | - Mingshun Jiang
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Pegg
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Hunter Brown
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Steve Burton
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
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de Paiva EL, Ali S, Vasco ER, Alvito PC, de Oliveira CAF. Bioaccessibility data of potentially toxic elements in complementary foods for infants: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113485. [PMID: 37986492 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of complementary foods (CFs) is a critical step in an infant's transition to solid foods, providing essential nutrients beyond breast milk. However, CFs may contain potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as arsenic and cadmium that pose health risks to infants. In this context, understanding the bioaccessibility of PTEs is vital as it determines the fraction of a contaminant released from the food matrix and available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Efforts have been made to standardize the assessment methodology for bioaccessibility, ensuring consistent and reliable data. Moreover, regulatory agencies have established guidelines for PTEs levels in food. However, important gaps still exist, which motivates many research opportunities on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lima de Paiva
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP), Rua Duque de Caxias, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sher Ali
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP), Rua Duque de Caxias, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Elsa Reis Vasco
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Cristina Alvito
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Cheng CH, Ma HL, Liu GX, Fan SG, Deng YQ, Jiang JJ, Feng J, Guo ZX. Toxic effects of cadmium exposure on intestinal histology, oxidative stress, microbial community, and transcriptome change in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138464. [PMID: 36965531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of hazardous pollutants that has a great threat to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. The intestine plays important roles in barrier function and immunity to defend against environmental stress. However, whether cadmium exposure caused the intestine injury is not well studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms of cadmium toxicity in the intestine of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) via physiological, histological, microbial community, and transcriptional analyses. Mud crabs were exposed to 0, 0.01, and 0.125 mg/L cadmium. After a 21-day of cadmium exposure, 0.125 mg/L cadmium caused intestine damaged by decreasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and increasing hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels. Integrated biological index analysis confirmed that the toxicity of cadmium exhibited a concentration-dependent manner. Comparative transcriptional analyses showed that the up-regulations of several genes associated with heat shock proteins, detoxification and anti-oxidant defense, and two key signaling pathways (PI3k-Akt and apoptosis) revealed an adaptive response mechanism against cadmium exposure. Transcriptomic analysis also suggested that cadmium exposure disturbed the expression of ion transport and immune-related genes, indicating that it has negative effects on the immune functions of the mud crab. Furthermore, the intestinal microbial diversity and composition were significantly influenced by cadmium exposure. The abundance of the dominant phyla Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes significantly changed after cadmium exposure. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that cadmium exposure could change energy metabolism and environmental information processing. Overall, we concluded that excessive cadmium exposure could be potentially exerted adverse effects to the mud crab health by inducing oxidative damage, decreasing immune system, disrupting metabolic function, and altering intestinal microbial composition. These results provided a novel insight into the mechanism of cadmium toxicity on crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Hong-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China
| | - Guang-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China
| | - Si-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China
| | - Yi-Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, China, China; Shenzhen Base South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
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6
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Leignel V, Pillot L, Gerpe MS, Caurant F. Assessment of Knowledge on Metal Trace Element Concentrations and Metallothionein Biomarkers in Cetaceans. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050454. [PMID: 37235268 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cetaceans are recognized as bioindicators of pollution in oceans. These marine mammals are final trophic chain consumers and easily accumulate pollutants. For example, metals are abundant in oceans and commonly found in the cetacean tissues. Metallothioneins (MTs) are small non-enzyme proteins involved in metal cell regulation and are essential in many cellular processes (cell proliferation, redox balance, etc.). Thus, the MT levels and the concentrations of metals in cetacean tissue are positively correlated. Four types of metallothioneins (MT1, 2, 3, and 4) are found in mammals, which may have a distinct expression in tissues. Surprisingly, only a few genes or mRNA-encoding metallothioneins are characterized in cetaceans; molecular studies are focused on MT quantification, using biochemical methods. Thus, we characterized, in transcriptomic and genomic data, more than 200 complete sequences of metallothioneins (mt1, 2, 3, and 4) in cetacean species to study their structural variability and to propose to the scientific research community Mt genes dataset to develop in future molecular approaches which will study the four types of metallothioneins in diversified organs (brain, gonad, intestine, kidney, stomach, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Le Mans Université, Avenue O Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Louis Pillot
- Laboratoire BIOSSE, Le Mans Université, Avenue O Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Marcela Silvia Gerpe
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata CP. 7600, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Argentina
| | - Florence Caurant
- Observatoire Pelagis, UAR3462 La Rochelle University,5 all. De l'océan, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
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Hamidian AH, Sheikhzadeh H, Boujari A, Eagderi S, Ashrafi S. Comparative assessment of human health risk associated with heavy metals bioaccumulation in fish species (Barbus grypus and Tenualosa ilisha) from the Karoon River, Iran: Elucidating the role of habitat and feeding habits. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114623. [PMID: 36689875 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Pb were measured in the liver and muscle tissues of benthic omnivorous (Barbus grypus) and pelagic herbivorous (Tenualosa ilisha) fish collected from two sampling sites along the Karoon River, Khuzestan Province, southwest of Iran. Potential human health risks were evaluated by measuring the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TR). The results highlight the important role of habitat and feeding habits in the uptake of HMs by the two species. The EDI for all HMs exceeded the oral reference doses (RfDo) provided by the USEPA, indicating the two fish species are not entirely safe for human consumption. The THQ values were within the permissible limit (< 1), while HI values (> 1) showed there was non-carcinogenic risk for consumers. The TR values for Pb were within the acceptable range (1.00E-06-1.00E-04) for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Hamidian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran.
| | - Hassan Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran
| | - Azadeh Boujari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran
| | - Soheil Eagderi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran
| | - Sohrab Ashrafi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 4314, Karaj 31587-77878, Iran
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Forouhar Vajargah M, Bibak M. Pollution zoning on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea by measuring metals in Rutilus kutum tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4465-4475. [PMID: 34851494 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to bio monitor the status of heavy metals on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea by determining the concentration of these metals in the tissue of Rutilus kutum. Sampling of kidney tissue, liver, muscle, skin, and gonad of this fish was performed in 5 sites. Sampling was performed in Anzali, Kiashahr, Astara, Farahabad, and Bandar Torkaman from September 2017 to January 2018. In this study, the concentration of elements in different tissues was determined. Contamination zonation was determined by the concentration of metals in fish tissues. The highest amount of Pb accumulation (0.73 ppb) was determined in Astara and Anzali regions and in liver tissue. The highest amount of Cd (0.23 ppb) was reported in Astara region and in fish liver. Zoning showed that the concentration of most elements in the west of the Caspian Sea is higher than in the east; in other words, the west of the Caspian Sea is more polluted than the east. Existence of polluting sources such as ports, customs, agricultural lands, and tourism industry are important factors of pollution in these areas. Annual biological monitoring along with accurate identification of pollutant sources can help reduce this pollution, especially in the western part of the Caspian Sea. This study showed that the use of zoning technique in environmental studies as an effective management tool can be very useful in providing appropriate ways to identify and control sources and pollutants in the coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. box: 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Bibak
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. box: 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
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Lischka A, Betty EL, Braid HE, Pook CJ, Gaw S, Bolstad KSR. Trace element concentrations, including Cd and Hg, in long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas edwardii) mass stranded on the New Zealand coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112084. [PMID: 33582419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Hemisphere long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas edwardii) is a top predator in the New Zealand pelagic food web, feeding predominantly on arrow squids. This study quantified trace element concentrations (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Mn, Pb, Se, V, Zn) in four tissues (blubber, kidney, liver, muscle) from 21 individuals from stranding sites in New Zealand. Maximum Cd and Hg concentrations were measured in liver and kidney, respectively. Selenium had a positive correlation with Cd and Hg, suggesting the involvement of Se in Cd and Hg detoxification. Arrow squids from the whales' stomach contents were DNA barcoded and identified as Nototodarus sloanii. Trace element concentrations were measured in squid samples from the whale stomach contents. The significant correlation for Hg between the squid tissue and the whale tissue suggests that arrow squids play a major role in trace element uptake by G. m. edwardii.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lischka
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - E L Betty
- Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - H E Braid
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - C J Pook
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - S Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - K S R Bolstad
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Cartagena‐Matos B, Lugué K, Fonseca P, Marques TA, Prieto R, Alves F. Trends in cetacean research in the Eastern North Atlantic. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cartagena‐Matos
- cE3c‐ Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Portugal
| | - Klervi Lugué
- Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM) Funchal Portugal
| | - Paulo Fonseca
- cE3c‐ Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Portugal
| | - Tiago A. Marques
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
- Departamento de Biologia Animal Centro de Estatística e Aplicações Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rui Prieto
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre of Azores Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) University of the AzoresPortugal
| | - Filipe Alves
- Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM) Funchal Portugal
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARDITI, Madeira Portugal
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Cheng CH, Ma HL, Deng YQ, Feng J, Jie YK, Guo ZX. Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) induced by cadmium exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128277. [PMID: 33297221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants in the aquatic environment. Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is considered a model organism to monitor the impact of heavy metals. However, knowledge about toxicological mechanism of cadmium in crustaceans still remains limited. In this study, mud crabs were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) for 72 h. Cadmium exposure significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity significantly increased after cadmium exposure. Moreover, integrated biological responses version 2 (IBRv2) analysis suggested that cadmium exposure exerted stronger toxicity on mud crab. Furthermore, oxidative stress induced by cadmium exposure could decrease total hemocyte count (THC), interrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, and lead to cytological damage. Cadmium exposure induced DNA damage, which activated DNA damage response signaling ATR-CHK1-p53 pathway. Our results also showed that cadmium exposure significantly increased the apoptosis and caspase-3 mRNA levels, which implied that cadmium induced apoptosis through a caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yi-Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Jie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China.
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12
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De María M, Szteren D, García-Alonso J, de Rezende CE, Araújo Gonçalves R, Godoy JM, Barboza FR. Historic variation of trace elements in pinnipeds with spatially segregated trophic habits reveals differences in exposure to pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141296. [PMID: 33182202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals and the ecological functions they provide to coastal and pelagic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the intensification of anthropogenic impacts. The Uruguayan coastline throughout the 20th century, like other coastal environments worldwide, has been the sink of a variety of trace metals derived from the rapid urbanization and industrialization of related land areas. This coastline is inhabited by two species of pinnipeds trophically and spatially segregated. Otaria byronia feeds in coastal environments while Arctocephalus australis preys mainly offshore. The present study aimed to analyze historic changes in concentrations of trace elements in teeth of both species from 1941 to the present day. We analyzed the dentin of 94 canine teeth using stable isotope analysis (δ13C) and ICP-MS to determine their feeding areas and the concentration of 10 trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) respectively. The concentration of Cr was significantly higher during '70-'80s, in both species coinciding with tannery industry development. Both species of pinnipeds have been differentially exposed to trace elements depending on their feeding area. A pelagic diet, possibly based on squid, increased the concentration of Cd in A. australis, while O. byronia has been more exposed to anthropogenic Pb and Cu associated to a costal and more benthic diet. Our results highlight dentin as a reliable matrix for historic studies on the exposure to trace elements. In light of our results, the O. byronia's declining population could be the result of the synergistic effects of trace elements together with other ecological pressures faced in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite De María
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Diana Szteren
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | | | - Carlos E de Rezende
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Araújo Gonçalves
- Chemistry Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - José Marcus Godoy
- Chemistry Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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13
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Machovsky-Capuska GE, von Haeften G, Romero MA, Rodríguez DH, Gerpe MS. Linking cadmium and mercury accumulation to nutritional intake in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from Patagonia, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114480. [PMID: 32283460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of Hg and Cd from food is a complex ecological process that has been oversimplified in the past. Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) provide a powerful model to biomonitor metal concentrations in marine environments worldwide. We combined proportions-based nutritional geometry with metal analysis, stomach content analysis and the proximate composition of prey, to yield novel insights into the accumulation of Hg and Cd. Our analysis showed an age-related accumulation trend for Cd and Hg in kidney and liver, with highest concentrations found at 18 years of age. When viewed through the lens of nutritional ecology, Argentine anchovy (58.1 Mass %) and South American long-finned squid (22.7 Mass %), provided most of the dietary intake of protein (P) and lipids (L) (P:L ratio = 2.6:1.0) and also represented the main source for Cd and Hg levels accumulated in their bodies. This study presents unprecedented evidence on metal accumulation in relation to age and nutritional intake in a marine predator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Alejandra Romero
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni", Güemes 1030, San Antonio Oeste, 8520, Rio Negro, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Martín 247, San Antonio Oeste, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Diego H Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, B7602AYL, Argentina; Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela S Gerpe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, B7602AYL, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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14
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McCormack MA, Fielding R, Kiszka JJ, Paz V, Jackson BP, Bergfelt DR, Dutton J. Mercury and selenium concentrations, and selenium:mercury molar ratios in small cetaceans taken off St. Vincent, West Indies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108908. [PMID: 31759648 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study measured the concentration of total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se), and calculated the Se:Hg molar ratios in the muscle, blubber, liver, and kidney of small cetaceans (false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens; killer whale, Orcinus orca; Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus; short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus; and dolphins of the genus Stenella) taken for human consumption off St. Vincent, West Indies. Overall, 122 samples were analyzed; mean THg concentrations (μg/g dry weight) were highest in the liver (730), followed by the kidney (274), muscle (76.4), and blubber (4.57). To explain variability in muscle THg concentrations, carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios were analyzed to explore differences in dietary carbon source and relative trophic position, respectively, among species. There was no relationship between δ15N and THg concentration, but there was a positive relationship between δ13C and THg concentration. On average for each species, the Se:Hg molar ratios were >1 in blubber and <1 in muscle. All liver samples and the majority of kidney, muscle, and blubber samples exceeded the FAO/WHO human consumption advisory level of 1 μg/g wet weight. Based on our estimations, consuming only 6.6 g of muscle a week would exceed the MeHg provisional tolerable weekly intake of 1.6 μg MeHg/kg body weight/week for a 60 kg person. Given the high THg concentration in these cetaceans and the frequency at which these tissues are consumed, this is a potential human health issue that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan A McCormack
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, Aquatic Station, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Russell Fielding
- Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, 37383, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Kiszka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Coastal Oceans Research, Institute of Water and the Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Valeria Paz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Coastal Oceans Research, Institute of Water and the Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Don R Bergfelt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
| | - Jessica Dutton
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, Aquatic Station, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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15
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Durante CA, Moura Reis BM, Azevedo A, Crespo EA, Lailson-Brito J. Trace elements in trophic webs from South Atlantic: The use of cetaceans as sentinels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110674. [PMID: 31726239 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The odontocetes are at the top of the trophic chains, and because they accumulate numerous compounds throughout life, they are considered as bioindicators of ecosystem contamination. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of trace elements of the short-beak common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Regardless of the tissue and the species, the average concentration of silver was the lowest. The highest concentration in the kidney was cadmium, while in the liver it varied between selenium and total mercury according to the species. The bioconcentration process was present in relation with the age and standard length in common dolphins. Additionally, Se-HgT molar ratios differed among species. This study provides new information on the current state of pollution by trace elements in common and Fraser's dolphins in the Southwest Atlantic, and it serves as a complement to the work in tropical waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alberto Durante
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR) - Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Barbara Manhaes Moura Reis
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Enrique Alberto Crespo
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR) - Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Martínez-López E, Peñalver J, Lara L, García-Fernández AJ. Hg and Se in Organs of Three Cetacean Species from the Murcia Coastline (Mediterranean Sea). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:521-527. [PMID: 31473774 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We determinated Hg and Se concentrations in liver, kidney, brain, lung and muscle of five bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), four common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and four Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) stranded along the Murcia coast, Southeast Spain, in order to evaluate the risk of Hg toxicity. Hg concentrations showed similar concentrations to other individuals in the Mediterranean Sea with the same length in the same period. We observed a positive correlation of Hg and Se in liver (r = 0.948, p < 0.001) and kidney (r = 0.939; p = 0.001) and ratio the Se/Hg molar was higher than 1 in most cases. Our results suggest that the protective effects of Se against Hg toxicity occur in cetaceans. However, we detected levels of Hg described as responsible liver damage and neurotoxicological effects so other tools, as biochemical markers, should be included. Besides, more studies are needed to evaluate the risk of Hg exposure in dolphins from Murcia coastline.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - J Peñalver
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (CARM), Murcia, Spain
| | - L Lara
- "El Valle" Wildlife Recovery Center (CARM), Murcia, Spain
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Sun X, Yu RQ, Zhang M, Zhang X, Chen X, Xiao Y, Ding Y, Wu Y. Correlation of trace element concentrations between epidermis and internal organ tissues in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:238-245. [PMID: 28667850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trace element accumulation in the epidermis of cetaceans has been less studied. This study explored the feasibility of using epidermis as a surrogate tissue to evaluate internal contaminant burdens in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). Eleven trace elements were analyzed in the epidermis, muscle and liver tissues from 46 individuals of dolphins stranded along the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) coast between 2007 and 2013. Trace elemental concentrations varied among the three tissues, generally with the highest concentrations found in liver tissues and lowest in the epidermis (except Zn, As, and Pb). Zn concentration in the epidermis was the highest among all tissues, indicating that Zn could be an important element for the epidermis physiology. High concentrations of Hg and Cr in liver were likely due to an excessive intake by dolphins which consumed high Hg and Cr contaminated fishes in the PRE. Hg concentrations in epidermis and muscle tissues were significantly higher in the females than in males. Concentrations of V and Pb in liver, Se and Cd in both muscle and liver, and As and Hg in all tissue samples showed significantly positive relationships with body length. Hepatic Cu concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with the body length. Hg and As concentrations in epidermis showed significantly positive correlations with those in liver tissues. Thus this study proposed that epidermis could be used as a non-invasive monitoring tissue to evaluate Hg and As bioaccumulation in internal tissues of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ri-Qing Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Pearl River Estuary Chinese White Dolphin National Nature Reserve, Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Pearl River Estuary Chinese White Dolphin National Nature Reserve, Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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18
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Mapunda EC, Othman OC, Akwilapo LD, Bouwman H, Mwevura H. Concentrations of metallic elements in kidney, liver, and lung tissue of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus from coastal waters of Zanzibar, Tanzania. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 122:483-487. [PMID: 28662978 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of metallic elements in kidney, liver and lung tissues of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus from coastal waters of Zanzibar were determined using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy. Cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc were quantifiable in all tissues at concentration ranges of 0.10-150, 0.08-3.2, 1.1-88 and 14-210μg/g dry mass, respectively. Copper and zinc was significantly higher in liver, and females had significantly higher Cd in liver, and chromium in lung. Generally, T. aduncus dolphins from coastal waters around Zanzibar carry low concentrations of metals compared with dolphins from other areas. Cadmium increased significantly with age in kidney and lung. Copper decreased significantly with age in liver, probably due to foetal metallothionein. This study supplied baseline data against which future trends in marine mammals in the Indian Ocean, the world's third largest, can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar C Mapunda
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Othman C Othman
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Leonard D Akwilapo
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, P Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Haji Mwevura
- Department of Natural Science, State University of Zanzibar, P.O. Box:146, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
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19
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Vighi M, Borrell A, Aguilar A. Bone as a surrogate tissue to monitor metals in baleen whales. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:81-88. [PMID: 28011406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metals are massively deposited in the marine environment through direct emissions or atmospheric dry and wet depositions, a process since long enhanced by human activities. Metal contamination in the marine organisms has been increasingly investigated, but most research focuses on few tissues, elements and species considered indicative. Baleen whales have been scarcely studied in this respect. Here we contribute to the fragmented knowledge on this field examining the concentrations of zinc, copper, lead, titanium and strontium in the bone of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from NW Spain and W Iceland. Bone was selected because it is a tissue commonly available in archival historic collections, and it is therefore useful to examine long-term trends in metal pollution. We tested differences between populations and we investigated age- and sex-related accumulation trends, as well as the occurrence of placental transfer. Sr concentrations and Pb accumulation rates with age were significantly higher in individuals from NW Spain than in those from W Iceland. Placental transfer occurred, at different levels, for all metals: as a result fetuses showed significantly higher Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations than adults. After birth, only Zn and Pb concentrations significantly increased with age. Through this study we contributed to fill some gaps in the knowledge regarding metal contamination in marine mammals, and we concluded that bone can be a suitable surrogate tissue to monitor a number of trace elements, provided that dissimilarities in tissue-specific deposition are taken into account when comparing concentrations from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Vighi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Aguilar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Romero MB, Polizzi P, Chiodi L, Robles A, Das K, Gerpe M. Metals as chemical tracers to discriminate ecological populations of threatened Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) from Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3940-3950. [PMID: 27909926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Franciscana dolphins are the most impacted small cetacean in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, classified as Vulnerable A3d by IUCN. Essential (Fe, Mo, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co) and non-essential (Ag, Pb, Sn) trace elements (TEs) were measured in liver, kidney, and brain samples of by-catch Franciscana dolphins that were living in estuarine (n = 21) and marine (n = 21) habitats (1) to assess whether TEs posed a threat and (2) to evaluate the suitability of TEs for discriminating ecological populations of this species in Argentinean waters. Essential TEs showed little variation in tissues from both groups in agreement with levels reported for other cetaceans and suggesting that these concentrations correspond to normal physiological levels. Non-essential TEs were higher in estuarine juveniles and adults dolphins than in marine specimens. These results suggest anthropogenic sources associated with estuarine area and that Franciscana dolphins are good sentinels of the impact of the environment. The difference in the concentrations of TEs beetwen ecological populations appeared to be related to distinct exposures in both geographical areas, and it is suggested that Ag and Sn concentrations in adults are good chemical tracers of anthropogenic input of TEs. These results provide additional information for improved management and regulatory policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Toxicología Ambiental, Dpto. Ciencias Marinas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - P Polizzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Toxicología Ambiental, Dpto. Ciencias Marinas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - L Chiodi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Toxicología Ambiental, Dpto. Ciencias Marinas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A Robles
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Toxicología Ambiental, Dpto. Ciencias Marinas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - K Das
- Laboratory for Oceanology - MARE Center B6c, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - M Gerpe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Toxicología Ambiental, Dpto. Ciencias Marinas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Monteiro SS, Pereira AT, Costa É, Torres J, Oliveira I, Bastos-Santos J, Araújo H, Ferreira M, Vingada J, Eira C. Bioaccumulation of trace element concentrations in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from Portugal. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:400-407. [PMID: 27769556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is one of the most abundant species in Atlantic Iberia, representing a potentially important tool to assess the bioaccumulation of trace elements in the Iberian marine ecosystem. Nine elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) were evaluated in 36 dolphins stranded in continental Portugal. Dolphins had increasing Hg concentrations (16.72μg·g-1 ww, liver) compared with previous studies in Atlantic Iberia, whereas Cd concentrations (2.26μg·g-1 ww, kidney) fell within reported ranges. The concentrations of some trace elements (including Cd and Hg) presented positive relationships with dolphin length, presence of parasites and gross pathologies. Common dolphins may help biomonitoring more offshore Atlantic Iberian areas in future studies, which would otherwise be difficult to assess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia S Monteiro
- Departmento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Andreia T Pereira
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Élia Costa
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia & Centro Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade de Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-047 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jordi Torres
- Departament de Biología, Sanitat i Medi ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, sn, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, sn, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Oliveira
- Departmento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Bastos-Santos
- Departmento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Campus do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Spain; Campus do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Portugal
| | - Helder Araújo
- Departmento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Campus do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Spain; Campus do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ferreira
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia & Centro Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade de Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-047 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Vingada
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia & Centro Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade de Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-047 Braga, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-047 Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Eira
- Departmento de Biologia & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Dadar M, Adel M, Saravi HN, Dadar M. A comparative study of trace metals in male and female Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24540-24546. [PMID: 27197659 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the extent of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in edible muscles of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum), in both male and female sexes at Noor and Babolsar coastal regions from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. These values were compared with the WHO and the UNFAO safety standards regarding the amount of the abovementioned heavy metals in fish tissues (mg/kg ww). Results showed that the accumulation of these elements (except for Zn) was not significantly different between sexes of male and female in Babolsar coastal regions (P > 0.05). In the other hand, accumulation of Hg and As at edible muscles of Caspian kutum has significant difference between two sexes of male and female in Noor coastal regions (P < 0.05), the female had higher concentration than the male. Furthermore, it was not significantly correlated with sex and rivers in length and weight of fish (R 2 < 0.50; P > 0.05). Based on the results, the concentration of heavy metals in the studied fish tissues proved to be significantly lower than international standards (P < 0.05), so its consumption is not a threat to the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Biotechnology and Biology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Nasrollahzadeh Saravi
- Department of Environmental Science, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Dadar
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Adel M, Dadar M, Fakhri Y, Oliveri Conti G, Ferrante M. Heavy metal concentration in muscle of pike (Esox luciusLinnaeus, 1758) from Anzali international wetland, southwest of the Caspian Sea and their consumption risk assessment. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1223694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bilandžić N, Đokić M, Sedak M, Đuras M, Gomerčić T, Benić M. Copper Levels in Tissues of Dolphins Tursiops truncatus, Stenella coeruleoalba and Grampus griseus from the Croatian Adriatic Coast. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:367-373. [PMID: 27246724 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper concentrations were determined in muscle, liver, kidney, spleen and lung tissues of three dolphin species. Dolphins of Tursiops truncatus (young and adult), Stenella coeruleoalba and Grampus griseus were stranded along the Croatian coast. Concentrations in tissues of all three dolphin species were highest in the liver (4.92-16.5 μg/g) followed by kidney (2.85-5.29 μg/g). Similar levels were measured in muscle, spleen and lung in range 1.13-3.67 μg/g. Statistics analysis showed significant differences of Cu concentrations for muscle (p = 0.008), kidney (p = 0.04) and liver (p = 0.02) between the three dolphin species. Also, for all three species significant differences between tissue types of the same species were determined (p < 0.001, all). However, there were no significant differences in Cu levels of the same tissues between males and females within same species. Also, significant differences of body length and weight between three dolphin were found (p < 0.001, both).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bilandžić
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Laboratory for Residue Control, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Đokić
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Laboratory for Residue Control, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Sedak
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Laboratory for Residue Control, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Đuras
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Gomerčić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Benić
- Laboratory for Mastitis and Raw Milk Quality, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Endo T, Kimura O, Ohta C, Koga N, Kato Y, Fujii Y, Haraguchi K. Metal Concentrations in the Liver and Stable Isotope Ratios of Carbon and Nitrogen in the Muscle of Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) Culled off Ishigaki Island, Japan: Changes with Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147797. [PMID: 26859569 PMCID: PMC4747518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations in liver samples as well as the Hg concentration and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in muscle samples from silvertip sharks (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) in Japan. Muscular and hepatic Hg concentrations increased with increased body length. However, these increases were more prominent in the liver than in the muscle samples, and appeared to occur after maturation. Hepatic Zn and Cu concentrations decreased during the growth stage, and then increased concomitantly thereafter with increases in Cd burden. Hepatic Fe concentration from males increased proportionally with increases in body length, whereas no increase was observed in samples from females, probably due to the mother-to-embryo transfer of Fe. The δ13C values tended to decrease with increases in body length, whereas no decrease in the δ15N values was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohta
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814–0198, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koga
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814–0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314–1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769–2193, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22–1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815–8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22–1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815–8511, Japan
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Reed LA, McFee WE, Pennington PL, Wirth EF, Fulton MH. A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of the dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) stranded along the South Carolina coast from 1990-2011. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:501-506. [PMID: 26386505 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Few studies report trace elements in dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima). As high trophic level predators, marine mammals are exposed through diet to environmental contaminants including metals from anthropogenic sources. Inputs of Hg, Pb, and Cd are of particular concern due to toxicity and potential for atmospheric dispersion and subsequent biomagnification. Liver and kidney tissues of stranded K. sima from coastal South Carolina, USA, were analyzed for 22 trace elements. Age-related correlations with tissue concentrations were found for some metals. Mean molar ratio of Hg:Se varied with age with higher ratios found in adult males. Maximum concentrations of Cd and Hg in both tissues exceeded historical FDA levels of concern, but none exceeded the minimum 100μg/g Hg threshold for hepatic damage. Tissue concentrations of some metals associated with contamination were low, suggesting that anthropogenic input may not be a significant source of some metals for these pelagic marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Ann Reed
- NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Wayne E McFee
- NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Paul L Pennington
- NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Edward F Wirth
- NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Michael H Fulton
- NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
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27
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Squadrone S, Chiaravalle E, Gavinelli S, Monaco G, Rizzi M, Abete MC. Analysis of mercury and methylmercury concentrations, and selenium:mercury molar ratios for a toxicological assessment of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the most recent stranding event along the Adriatic coast (Southern Italy, Mediterranean Sea). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:633-641. [PMID: 26233668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass stranding of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is a rare event in the Mediterranean Sea. In September 2014, a pod of seven sperm whales became stranded along the Adriatic coast of Southern Italy. This is the seventh occurrence of this type since 1555 in this sea basin. Total concentrations of mercury (T-Hg), methylmercury (MeHg) and selenium (Se) were measured from brain, muscle, liver and kidney of three female sperm whales, which died in this event. Analyses showed considerable, age-dependent variations in Hg and Se concentrations in the different organs. The contamination levels of T-Hg in the liver (up to 200 mg kg(-1)) and brain (up to 21 mg kg(-1)) samples were markedly higher than those in the kidney and muscle samples. The liver and brain also showed the highest Se levels. Se:Hg molar ratios ⩾1 were observed in all the organs of the three sperm whales, suggesting that Se could protect the animals from Hg toxicity. The risk of Hg-associated neurotoxicity was assessed by comparing our values to thresholds set for neurotoxicity in mammals, and the role of Se in the detoxification process of T-Hg/MeHg is discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - E Chiaravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - S Gavinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - G Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - M Rizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - M C Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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28
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Borrell A, Clusa M, Aguilar A, Drago M. Use of epidermis for the monitoring of tissular trace elements in Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 122:288-294. [PMID: 25532773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements accumulate in epidermis, liver, kidney and muscle tissues in cetaceans. However, contrarily to internal tissues, epidermis can be sampled using minimally-invasive techniques. We investigate the patterns of trace element tissue concentrations in relation to individual sex and length and the degree of inter-tissue equilibrium between epidermis and the main internal organs of the Mediterranean striped dolphin. With it, we aim to test whether epidermis is a suitable tissue to predict trace element concentrations of internal tissues in cetaceans. We focused on trace elements with high potential toxicity (mercury and cadmium) or biological significance (zinc, copper and selenium). In contrast to what was found for Cu and Zn, the concentrations of Hg, Cd and Se in epidermis were positively correlated with the levels found in the internal tissues sampled probably due to their capacity to bioaccumulate. Thus, we conclude that sampling and analysing epidermis is appropriate to monitor and predict the concentrations of Hg, Cd and Se in internal tissues but not for Cu and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borrell
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Clusa
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Aguilar
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Drago
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Türkmen M, Türkmen A, Tepe Y. Comparison of metal levels in different tissues of seven ray species from Antalya Bay, Mediterranean Sea. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:159-164. [PMID: 24791964 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the metal concentrations in muscle, liver, gill and intestine of seven ray species from Antalya Bay. Because the study is the first for rays in Antalya Bay, this study provides valuable preliminary information about metal contents in different tissues of the examined ray species from the bay and indirectly indicates the environmental contamination of the Antalya Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Türkmen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey,
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30
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Méndez-Fernandez P, Webster L, Chouvelon T, Bustamante P, Ferreira M, González AF, López A, Moffat CF, Pierce GJ, Read FL, Russell M, Santos MB, Spitz J, Vingada JV, Caurant F. An assessment of contaminant concentrations in toothed whale species of the NW Iberian Peninsula: part II. Trace element concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 484:206-217. [PMID: 24702724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn were investigated in the liver and kidney of the five most common toothed whales off the Northwest Iberian Peninsula (NWIP), specifically common dolphin, long-finned pilot whale, harbour porpoise, striped dolphin and bottlenose dolphin. Differences were observed in the bioaccumulation of the above elements between the five species. The differences are probably related to biological factors such as age and sex and/or to ecological factors specific to each species such as feeding habits or bioavailability of the various elements. However, no significant relationship was observed between element accumulation and sex. Pilot whale and striped dolphin showed the highest concentrations of renal Cd and the highest concentrations of hepatic Hg and Se, while bottlenose dolphin showed the highest concentrations of Hg in kidneys. An analysis of inter-elemental relationships showed strong positive correlations between Hg and Se in the five species, however most individuals have Hg:Se molar ratio less than 1:1 indicating an excess of Se compare to Hg. This result, probably reflect the high proportion of young animals in the sample available for this study and/or that these animals had a good health status. We also observed a positive correlation in striped dolphins between Cd and Cu and between Cd and Zn in kidneys. In addition, comparing with other studies world-wide, the element concentrations (Hg and Cd) found in Iberian toothed whales indicate that these populations are not specially threatened by Hg and Cd exposure in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Méndez-Fernandez
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France; Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamiferos Mariños (CEMMA), Apdo. 15, Pontevedra 36380, Spain; Centro de Biologia Molecuar e Ambiental (CBMA)/Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem (SPVS), Dep. de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Lynda Webster
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Tiphaine Chouvelon
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Marisa Ferreira
- Centro de Biologia Molecuar e Ambiental (CBMA)/Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem (SPVS), Dep. de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Angel F González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (C.S.I.C.), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alfredo López
- Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamiferos Mariños (CEMMA), Apdo. 15, Pontevedra 36380, Spain
| | - Colin F Moffat
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Pierce
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fiona L Read
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (C.S.I.C.), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marie Russell
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Maria B Santos
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, P.O. Box 1552, Vigo 36200, Spain
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France; Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - José V Vingada
- Centro de Biologia Molecuar e Ambiental (CBMA)/Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem (SPVS), Dep. de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Florence Caurant
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
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de Carvalho GGA, Degaspari IAM, Branco V, Canário J, de Amorim AF, Kennedy VH, Ferreira JR. Assessment of total and organic mercury levels in blue sharks (Prionace glauca) from the south and southeastern Brazilian coast. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:128-34. [PMID: 24801656 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mercury occurrence was evaluated in samples of edible muscle tissue of 27 blue sharks (Prionace glauca) caught in the Atlantic Ocean, adjacent to the south and southeastern Brazilian coast, indicating a slight increase in comparison with previous data obtained for the same studied area and being higher than those fish caught at different sites of the Atlantic Ocean. Total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.46 to 2.40 mg kg(-1) with the organic Hg fraction ranging between 0.44 and 2.37 mg kg(-1). A negative correlation between total Hg concentration in muscle tissue and blue shark size was obtained, and 40% of samples analyzed had Hg concentrations higher than 1.0 mg kg(-1) Hg, the maximum concentration permitted in Brazilian predator fish. Data obtained showed that total Hg can be used as a reliable predictor of organic Hg in blue shark muscle because 95 to 98% of the total Hg measured was found to be organic mercury. The wide range of Hg concentrations obtained for our set of samples can be explained by the heterogeneity of sampled population and the large size of the studied area. Given the adverse toxicological effects of Hg on animals and humans, a regular monitoring program of Hg contamination in Brazilian marine ecosystem can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gustinelli Arantes de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Química Analítica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Centenário, 303, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Papale E, Azzolin M, Cascão I, Gannier A, Lammers M, Martin V, Oswald J, Perez-Gil M, Prieto R, Silva M, Giacoma C. Macro- and micro-geographic variation of short-beaked common dolphin’s whistles in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2013.851122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xuan R, Wu H, Lin C, Ma D, Li Y, Xu T, Wang L. Oxygen consumption and metabolic responses of freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense to acute and sub-chronic cadmium exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 89:29-35. [PMID: 23290619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To explore the respiratory and metabolic responses of the freshwater crab (Sinopotamon henanense) to Cd exposure, crabs were acutely exposed to 7.14, 14.28, 28.55 mg/L Cd for 96 h and subchronically exposed to 0.71, 1.43, 2.86 mg/L for three weeks. The oxygen consumption, concentrations of oxyhemocyanin, hemolymph protein, the activities of respiratory enzymes, i.e. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), as well as cco-1(CCO active subunit 1) and ldh mRNA expression level and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in crab heart were assessed. Oxygen consumption, concentration of oxyhemocyanin and oxyhemocyanin/blood protein proportion were increased during acute exposure and decreased during sub-chronic exposure. Both exposure schemes induced downregulation of cco-1 gene expression and lowered CCO activity. For acute exposure, tissue ATP level was increased, in association with increased IDH activity and decreased LDH activity, whereas subchronic exposure caused decreased IDH activity accompanied with increased ldh gene expression and LDH activity, resulting in lowered ATP level. By coupling gene expression to biochemical and physiological endpoints, this work provides new insights into the mechanisms involved in metal stress and the differential respiratory and metabolic responses of S. henanense to acute and subchronic Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Xuan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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Tuo AD, . KMY, . MBS, . AT, . YB. Contamination of Surface Sediments by Heavy Metals in Ebrié Lagoon
(Abidjan, Ivory Coast). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijct.2013.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dhaneesh KV, Gopi M, Noushad KM, Ganeshamurthy R, Kumar TTA, Balasubramanian T. Determination of metal levels in thirteen fish species from Lakshadweep Sea. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:69-73. [PMID: 22057231 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A bio-monitoring study was performed to investigate the concentration of certain metals (cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc) in gill, skin and muscle of thirteen demersal fish species of Agatti Coast of Lakshadweep Sea. All the metal concentrations in gill are higher than skin and muscle. Concentrations of toxic metals such as Cd (0.61 ± 0.67 μg g(-1) in Gerres longirostris), Mn (0.83 ± 1.21 μg g(-1) in Lutjanus fulvus) and Ni (0.56 ± 0.83 μg g(-1) in L. bengalensis) were well above the permissible limits suggested by World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottila Veettil Dhaneesh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lee J, Lim KT. Inhibitory effect of plant-originated glycoprotein (27 kDa) on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cadmium chloride-induced BNL CL.2 cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:239-46. [PMID: 21924884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is very harmful to the environment and to human beings because of its long lifetime. The toxicity of cadmium as an industrial pollutant and a food contaminant, and as one of the major components in cigarette smoke is well known. Cadmium can cause a number of lesions in many organs, such as the kidney, the lung, the liver, the brain, the blood system. However, the mechanism of toxicity of cadmium is not yet clear. Also, it has been well known as human carcinogen which is indirectly caused inflammation-mediated hepatocarcinoma. In the present study it was demonstrated that glycoprotein (27 kDa) isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE) protects BNL CL.2 cells from expression of inflammation-related factors stimulated by cadmium chloride (10 μM). Intracellular ROS and intracellular Ca(2+) using fluorescence, activities of activator protein (AP)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and arachidonic acid (AA) using immunoblot analysis or radioactivity were evaluated. The results obtained from this experiment indicated that GJE glycoprotein (100 μg/mL) inhibits the production of intracellular ROS, and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization. Also, it significantly suppressed inflammatory factors [expression of AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos), arachidonic acid, COX-2, and MMP-9]. Taken together, these findings suggest that GJE glycoprotein might be used for protection of inflammation caused by cadmium ion as one of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute & Center for the Control of Animal Hazards Using Biotechnology (BK21), Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Gwang-ju, South Korea
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Zolfaghari G, Esmaili-Sari A, Anbia M, Younesi H, Amirmahmoodi S, Ghafari-Nazari A. Taguchi optimization approach for Pb(II) and Hg(II) removal from aqueous solutions using modified mesoporous carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:1046-1055. [PMID: 21733626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using the Taguchi method, this study presents a systematic optimization approach for removal of lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) by a nanostructure, zinc oxide-modified mesoporous carbon CMK-3 denoted as Zn-OCMK-3. CMK-3 was synthesized by using SBA-15 and then oxidized by nitric acid. The zinc oxide was loaded to the modified CMK-3 by the equilibrium adsorption of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution followed by calcination to convert zinc nitrate to zinc oxide. The CMK-3 had porous structure and high specific surface area which can accommodate zinc oxide in a spreading manner, the zinc oxide connects to the carbon surface via oxygen atoms. The controllable factors such as agitation time, initial concentration, temperature, dose and pH of solution have been optimized. Under optimum conditions, the pollutant removal efficiency (PRE) was 97.25% for Pb(II) and 99% for Hg(II). The percentage contribution of each controllable factor was also determined. The initial concentration of pollutant is the most influential factor, and its value of percentage contribution is up to 31% and 43% for Pb and Hg, respectively. Our results show that the Zn-OCMK-3 is an effective nanoadsorbent for lead and mercury pollution remediation. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to model the equilibrium adsorption data for Pb(II) and Hg(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Zolfaghari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, PO Box 46414-356, Iran
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Stavros HCW, Stolen M, Durden WN, McFee W, Bossart GD, Fair PA. Correlation and toxicological inference of trace elements in tissues from stranded and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:1649-1661. [PMID: 21126751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The significance of metal concentrations in marine mammals is not well understood and relating concentrations between stranded and free-ranging populations has been difficult. In order to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging dolphins, we examined concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, total Hg (THg), V, Zn) in skin and liver of stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the South Carolina (SC) coast and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (FL) during 2000-2008. Significantly higher concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se, Al, Cu and THg were found in skin while liver exhibited significantly higher Cu, Fe, Mn and THg concentrations for both study sites. Mean skin concentrations of Cu and Mn were significantly higher in SC dolphins while higher concentrations of THg and V were found in FL dolphins. In addition, liver tissues in SC dolphins exhibited significantly higher As concentrations while higher Fe, Pb, Se, THg, and V levels were found in FL dolphins. Two elements (Cu and THg) showed significant age-related correlations with skin concentration while five elements (Cu, Se, THg, Zn and V) showed age-related correlations with liver concentrations. Geographic location influenced age-related accumulation of several trace elements and age-related accumulation of THg in hepatic tissue was observed for both sites to have the highest correlations (r² = 0.90SC; r² = 0.69FL). Mean THg concentration in liver was about 10 times higher in FL dolphins (330 μg g⁻¹ dw) than those samples from SC dolphins (34.3 μg g⁻¹ dw). The mean molar ratio of Hg to Se was 0.93 ± 0.32 and 1.08 ± 0.38 for SC and FL dolphins, respectively. However, the Hg:Se ratio varied with age as much lower ratios (0.2-0.4) were found in younger animals. Of the 18 measured elements, only THg was significantly correlated in skin and liver of stranded dolphins and skin of free-ranging dolphins from both sites suggesting that skin may be useful in predicting Hg concentrations in liver tissue of free-ranging dolphins. Results indicate that 33% of the stranded and 15% of the free-ranging dolphins from FL exceed the minimum 100 μg g⁻¹ wet weight (ww) (~ 400 dw) Hg threshold for hepatic damage while none from SC reached this level. Hepatic concentrations of As in SC dolphins and V in FL dolphins were also highly correlated with skin concentrations which may have some regional specificity predictive value. The present study provides the first application of trace element concentrations derived from stranded bottlenose dolphins to predict liver concentrations in free-ranging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen W Stavros
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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39
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Normalizing effect of plant-originated glycoprotein (116 kDa) on G0/G1 arrest in cadmium chloride-induced primary cultured mouse myelocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 383:109-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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40
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Chairi H, Fernández-Diaz C, Navas JI, Manchado M, Rebordinos L, Blasco J. In vivo genotoxicity and stress defences in three flatfish species exposed to CuSO4. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1279-1285. [PMID: 20678796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have used the comet assay to analyse, after 3h, 24h and 6 days, the genotoxic effect in vivo of applying a single intraperitoneal injection of CuSO4, at a concentration of 2mg/kg, to adult specimens of Solea senegalensis, Dicologlossa cuneata and Scophthalmus rhombus. Metals content (Cu, Zn and Cd) in liver was also measured. The activity of key stress defences was evaluated by analysing antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione peroxidase (t-GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH)), metallothionein (MT) and heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP60). The results show that CuSO4 intake generates high and cumulative levels of genotoxicity throughout the 6 days in all 3 species. After 6 days, metals content detected in specimens showed significant differences from controls. Inter-species differences were detected in enzyme activity (P<0.05). A clear response to CuSO4 was detected only in S. rhombus, with an increase of MT and a decrease of HSPs. Variations in antioxidant defence levels and their comparative responses to the stress-inducing agent are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chairi
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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41
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Mendil D, Demirci Z, Tuzen M, Soylak M. Seasonal investigation of trace element contents in commercially valuable fish species from the Black sea, Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:865-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cadmium and mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:377-84. [PMID: 19706341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) a pollutant associated with several modern industrial processes, is absorbed in significant quantities from cigarette smoke, water, food and air contaminations. It is known to have numerous undesirable effects on health in both experimental animals and humans, targeting kidney, liver and vascular system. The molecular mechanism accounting for most of the biological effects of Cd are not well-understood and the toxicity targets are largely unidentified. The present review focuses on important recent advances about the effects of cadmium on mitochondria of mammalian cells. Mitochondria are the proverbial powerhouses of the cell, running the fundamental biochemical processes that produce energy from nutrients using oxygen. They are among the key intracellular targets for different stressors including Cd. This review provides new additional informations on the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction between Cd and cells, emphasizing alterations of mitochondria as important events in Cd cytotoxicity, thus representing an important basis for understanding the mechanisms of cadmium effect on the cells.
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43
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Türkmen A, Tepe Y, Türkmen M, Mutlu E. Heavy metal contaminants in tissues of the garfish, Belone belone L., 1761, and the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix L., 1766, from Turkey waters. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:70-74. [PMID: 18784894 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Levels of contaminants in fish are of particular interest because of the potential risk to humans who consume them. Fish samples were collected through the coastal waters of Turkey and the contents of cadmium, cobalt, chrome, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and lead in the liver and muscle tissues were determined. Among the metals analyzed, copper, zinc and iron were the most abundant in the different tissues while cadmium and lead were the least abundant both in Belone belone and Pomatomus saltatrix. Metal concentrations in muscles of fish species were found 0.01-0.38 mg kg(-1) for cadmium, 0.01-0.53 mg kg(-1) for cobalt, 0.05-1.87 mg kg(-1) for chromium, 0.21-5.89 mg kg(-1) for copper, 9.99-43.3 mg kg(-1) for iron, 0.14-1.33 mg kg(-1) for manganese, 0.06-4.70 mg kg(-1) for nickel, 0.09-0.81 mg kg(-1) for lead, 3.85-15.9 mg kg(-1) for zinc, respectively. Regional changes in metal concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these variations may not influence consumption advisories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Türkmen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Provincial Directorate of Iskenderun, Iskenderun, Hatay 31200, Turkey.
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Endo T, Hisamichi Y, Haraguchi K, Kato Y, Ohta C, Koga N. Hg, Zn and Cu levels in the muscle and liver of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the coast of Ishigaki Island, Japan: relationship between metal concentrations and body length. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1774-1780. [PMID: 18656211 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed Hg, Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver and muscle of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the coast of Ishigaki Island, Japan. The Hg concentration in the muscle increased proportionally with body length in the tiger sharks, whereas that in the liver increased rapidly after maturity (defined by a length of over 2.7 m). Muscle Hg levels were higher than liver concentrations in immature sharks, with the inverse trend observed in mature sharks. Notably, the Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver tended to decrease with increasing body length. This rapid increase in hepatic Hg concentration concurrent with the onset of maturity in sharks may result from the continuous intake of Hg via food and the slower growth of mature sharks. The high concentrations of the essential metals Zn and Cu in immature sharks may be explained by the physiological demands related to rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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45
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Türkmen A, Tepe Y, Türkmen M. Metal levels in tissues of the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758, and picarel, Spicara smaris L., 1758, from Black, Marmara and Aegean seas. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 80:521-525. [PMID: 18431521 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Levels of metals in commercially important two species, Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758 and Spicara smaris L, 1758 from Black, Marmara and Aegean seas, Turkey was evaluated. The concentration ranges of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in the samples were 0.01-0.07, 0.01-0.08, 0.09-0.51, 0.21-8.58, 11.9-169, 0.14-2.82, 0.06-1.51, 0.12-0.87, 7.12-45.6 mg kg(-1 )for muscles, and 0.06-0.69, 0.06-0.53, 0.28-2.97, 0.99-30.7, 55.2-316, 0.72-9.67, 0.47-11.6, 0.26-3.38, 12.5-145 mg kg(-1 )for livers, respectively. The present study show that although different metals were present in the samples at different levels but within the maximum residual levels prescribed by the TKB and FAO the specimens from these areas, in general, are safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Türkmen
- Food Quality Control Laboratory of Hatay, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Antakya, Hatay 31000, Turkey
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46
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Türkmen M, Türkmen A, Tepe Y, Ateş A, Gökkuş K. Determination of metal contaminations in sea foods from Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas: Twelve fish species. Food Chem 2008; 108:794-800. [PMID: 26059163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined by ICP-AES in muscles and livers of 12 fish species sampled from the Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas of Turkey. Iron showed the highest levels in examined tissues of all fish species. Following Fe, Zn generally showed the second highest levels. Metal concentrations in edible parts of fish species were 0.02-0.37mgkg(-1) for cadmium, 0.04-0.41mgkg(-1) for cobalt, 0.04-1.75mgkg(-1) for chromium, 0.32-6.48 mgkg(-1) for copper, 7.46-40.1mgkg(-1) for iron, 0.10-0.99 mgkg(-1) for manganese, 0.02-3.97mgkg(-1) for nickel, 0.33-0.86mgkg(-1) for lead, 4.49-11.2mgkg(-1) for zinc, respectively. All metal concentrations in livers were higher than those in muscles. In some stations, cadmium and chromium concentrations in both muscles and livers, and lead levels in livers of the examined species were higher than permissible safety levels for human uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Türkmen
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Türkmen
- Food Quality Control Laboratory of Hatay, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 31000 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Tepe
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Ateş
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Kutalmış Gökkuş
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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Lavery TJ, Butterfield N, Kemper CM, Reid RJ, Sanderson K. Metals and selenium in the liver and bone of three dolphin species from South Australia, 1988-2004. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 390:77-85. [PMID: 18006044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal and selenium concentrations (wet weight) were determined in the liver (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu and Se) and bone (Pb and Cd) of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis, N=71) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, N=12, and Tursiops aduncus, N=71) stranded or by-caught in South Australia from 1988 to 2004. Differences in metal burdens existed between species, stranding location, and relative age. T. aduncus had the greatest mean tissue burdens of liver Pb (0.45 mg/kg), Cd (6.45 mg/kg), Hg (475.78 mg/kg), Se (178.85 mg/kg) and Zn (93.88 mg/kg) and bone Pb (2.78 mg/kg), probably reflecting their coastal habitat and benthic prey. Mean Cu was highest in T. truncatus (21.18 mg/kg). Bone Cd was measured only in T. aduncus and averaged 0.05 mg/kg. Stranding location impacted metal burdens. Dolphins from Spencer Gulf had higher mean levels of liver Pb (0.39 mg/kg) while Gulf St Vincent dolphins had greater liver Hg (444.64 mg/kg), liver Se (163.12 mg/kg), and bone Pb (2.85 mg/kg). This may be due to high anthropogenic inputs of Pb and Hg into Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent respectively. Liver Cd, Hg, Se and Pb increased with age in all species while Cu decreased with age, in keeping with previous studies. Se and Hg were positively correlated. The possibility that metallothioneins are driving observed correlations between Zn, Cd, Hg and Cu are discussed. Future research must investigate the toxicological consequences of the metal concentrations reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish J Lavery
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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48
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Stavros HCW, Bossart GD, Hulsey TC, Fair PA. Trace element concentrations in skin of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeast Atlantic coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2007; 388:300-15. [PMID: 17765291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, U, V, Zn) and total mercury (THg) were determined in skin samples collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations. Dolphins were captured in the estuarine waters of Charleston (CHS), South Carolina (n=74) and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida (n=75) during 2003, 2004 and 2005. A subset of the skin tissue samples were used to determine methylmercury (MeHg) levels in CHS (n=17) and IRL (n=8) bottlenose dolphins. Distributions of trace element concentrations by age (adult vs. juvenile), gender (male vs. female) and study area (CHS vs. IRL) were examined. In general, higher elemental skin concentrations were found in CHS adult males than those of IRL adult males, except for THg and MeHg. For CHS dolphins, adult females showed significantly higher THg levels than juvenile females while higher Mn levels were found in juvenile females. For IRL dolphins, adult males showed significantly higher As concentrations than that in juvenile males and females while higher Co and V levels were found in juvenile males than adult males. Of all elements measured in this study, significantly higher levels of Fe, Se and Zn concentrations in skin tissue of both dolphin populations were similar to other studies reported previously. Percentage of MeHg/THg in skin tissue of CHS and IRL dolphin was about 72% and 73%, respectively. Dietary levels of trace elements may play an important role in contributing to concentration differences for As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl between CHS and IRL dolphins. Total Hg concentrations were significantly correlated with the age of CHS dolphins, while an inverse relationship was detected for Cu, Mn, Pb, U and Zn. The only significant correlation found between trace element concentration and IRL dolphins' age was Mn. Geographic differences in several trace element concentrations (As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl) in skin tissue may be potentially useful to discriminate between dolphin populations and is a possibility that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen W Stavros
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
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Lahaye V, Bustamante P, Dabin W, Churlaud C, Caurant F. Trace element levels in foetus-mother pairs of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the French coasts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2007; 33:1021-8. [PMID: 17628682 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissues of foetus-mother pairs of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the French coasts (Bay of Biscay and English Channel) were analysed for their Cd, Cu, Hg, Se and Zn contents. In the kidneys, foetal Cd levels were extremely low, and strong relationships between Cu and Zn suggested the involvement of metallothioneins since early foetal life. The results also indicated a limited maternal transfer of Hg during pregnancy since levels in the tissues of foetuses were below 1 microg g(-1) w.wt. However, hepatic Hg levels in foetuses increased with body length, and were also proportionate to maternal hepatic, renal and muscular Hg levels. Lastly, affinities between Hg and Se in tissues would participate in Hg neutralisation in both mothers--through tiemannite granules--and fetuses--through reduced glutathione--counteracting the toxic effects linked to the particularly high quantities of methyl-Hg to which marine mammals are naturally exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lahaye
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés, UMR 6217 CNRS-IFREMER-Université de La Rochelle, Université de La Rochelle, 22 Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex, France
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Kannan K, Agusa T, Evans TJ, Tanabe S. Trace element concentrations in livers of polar bears from two populations in Northern and Western Alaska. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 53:473-82. [PMID: 17571199 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-007-0018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 20 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi) were measured in livers of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) collected from Northern and Western Alaska from 1993 to 2002 to examine differences in the profiles of trace metals between the Beaufort Sea (Northern Alaska) and the Chukchi Sea (Western Alaska) subpopulations in Alaska. Among the trace elements analyzed, concentrations of Cu (50-290 microg/g, dry wt) in polar bear livers were in the higher range of values that have been reported for marine mammals. Concentrations of Hg in polar bears varied widely, from 3.5 to 99 microg/g dry wt, and the mean concentrations in polar bears were comparable to concentrations reported previously for several other species of marine mammals. Mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were 0.67 and 1.0 microg/g dry wt, respectively; these concentrations were lower than levels reported elsewhere for polar bears from Greenland and Canada. Age- and gender-related variations in the concentrations of trace elements in our polar bears were minimal. Concentrations of Hg decreased slowly in samples collected during 1993-2002, whereas Cd and Pb concentrations were found to be stable or slowly increasing, in the livers of Alaskan polar bears. Concentrations of Ag, Bi, Ba, Cu, and Sn were significantly higher in the Chukchi Sea subpopulation than in the Beaufort Sea subpopulation. Concentrations of Hg were significantly higher in the Beaufort Sea subpopulation than in the Chukchi Sea subpopulation. Differences in the profiles and concentrations of Hg, Ag, Bi, Ba, Cu, and Sn suggest that the sources of exposure to these trace elements between Western and Northern Alaskan polar bears are different, in agreement with findings reported earlier for several organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
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