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Omaru M, Kajiwara S, Wakamatsu E, Kuroishi S, Ochiai Y, Oniki K, Kato K, Morokuma S. Impact of intrapartum oxytocin administration on neonatal sucking behavior and breastfeeding. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5859. [PMID: 38467725 PMCID: PMC10928222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of intrapartum oxytocin administration on neonatal sucking behavior and breastfeeding. A total of 64 pairs (29 in the group treated with intrapartum oxytocin and 35 in the control group) of normal infants within 24-48 h of birth and their mothers were recruited. Sucking ability was evaluated by measuring Non-Nutritive Sucking (NNS) for 5 min. Data on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum were collected. In the adjusted multiple regression models, intrapartum oxytocin exposure was significantly associated with fewer total NNS bursts (95% confidence interval (CI), -7.02 to -0.22), longer pause times (95% CI, 1.33 to 10.21), and greater pause-time variability (95% CI, 3.63 to 63.92). Effects estimated using structural equation modeling revealed that intrapartum oxytocin exposure had a significant negative and direct effect on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding 1 month postpartum (β = -0.238, p = 0.047). However, no NNS-mediated indirect effects were observed. This report demonstrates that infants born to mothers who receive intrapartum oxytocin may have impaired sucking ability for at least the first 48 h after birth, and breastfeeding support should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Omaru
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Setsu Kajiwara
- Department of Nursing, Comprehensive Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Wakamatsu
- Department of Nursing, Comprehensive Maternity and Perinatal Care Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sumiko Kuroishi
- Research & Development Division, Pigeon Corporation, Tokyo, 103-8480, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Ochiai
- Research & Development Division, Pigeon Corporation, Tokyo, 103-8480, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichi Morokuma
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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2
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Ivanova E, Hue-Beauvais C, Chaulot-Talmon A, Castille J, Laubier J, De Casanove C, Aubert-Frambourg A, Germon P, Jammes H, Le Provost F. DNA methylation and gene expression changes in mouse mammary tissue during successive lactations: part II - the impact of lactation rank. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2215620. [PMID: 37219968 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2215620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is among the main reasons women cease breastfeeding. In farm animals, mastitis results in significant economic losses and the premature culling of some animals. Nevertheless, the effect of inflammation on the mammary gland is not completely understood. This article discusses the changes to DNA methylation in mouse mammary tissue caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation after in vivo intramammary challenges and the differences in DNA methylation between 1st and 2nd lactations. Lactation rank induces 981 differential methylations of cytosines (DMCs) in mammary tissue. Inflammation in 1st lactation compared to inflammation in 2nd lactation results in the identification of 964 DMCs. When comparing inflammation in 1st vs. 2nd lactations with previous inflammation history, 2590 DMCs were identified. Moreover, Fluidigm PCR data show changes in the expression of several genes related to mammary function, epigenetic regulation, and the immune response. We show that the epigenetic regulation of two successive physiological lactations is not the same in terms of DNA methylation and that the effect of lactation rank on DNA methylation is stronger than that of the onset of inflammation. The conditions presented here show that few DMCs are shared between comparisons, suggesting a specific epigenetic response depending on lactation rank, the presence of inflammation, and even whether the cells had previously suffered inflammation. In the long term, this information could lead to a better understanding of the epigenetic regulation of lactation in both physiological and pathological conditions.Abbreviations: RRBS, reduced representation bisulphite sequencing; RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; MEC, mammary epithelial cells; MaSC, mammary stem cell; TSS, transcription start site; TTS, transcription termination site; UTR, untranslated region; SINE, short interspersed nuclear element; LINE, long interspersed nuclear element; CGI, CpG island; DEG, differentially expressed gene; DMC, differentially methylated cytosine; DMR, differentially methylated region; GO term, gene ontology term; MF, molecular function; BP, biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ivanova
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Hue-Beauvais
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Chaulot-Talmon
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Castille
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Laubier
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C De Casanove
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - A Aubert-Frambourg
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Germon
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - H Jammes
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F Le Provost
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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3
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Gieniec KA. Mammary gland architecture under the lens: How visualising tissues in 3D provides deeper insights into structure and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119283. [PMID: 35523399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna A Gieniec
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Colleluori G, Galli C, Severi I, Perugini J, Giordano A. Early Life Stress, Brain Development, and Obesity Risk: Is Oxytocin the Missing Link? Cells 2022; 11:cells11040623. [PMID: 35203274 PMCID: PMC8870435 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity disease results from a dysfunctional modulation of the energy balance whose master regulator is the central nervous system. The neural circuitries involved in such function complete their maturation during early postnatal periods, when the brain is highly plastic and profoundly influenced by the environment. This phenomenon is considered as an evolutionary strategy, whereby metabolic functions are adjusted to environmental cues, such as food availability and maternal care. In this timeframe, adverse stimuli may program the body metabolism to maximize energy storage abilities to cope with hostile conditions. Consistently, the prevalence of obesity is higher among individuals who experienced early life stress (ELS). Oxytocin, a hypothalamic neurohormone, regulates the energy balance and modulates social, emotional, and eating behaviors, exerting both central and peripheral actions. Oxytocin closely cooperates with leptin in regulating energy homeostasis. Both oxytocin and leptin impact the neurodevelopment during critical periods and are affected by ELS and obesity. In this review article, we report evidence from the literature describing the effect of postnatal ELS (specifically, disorganized/inconstant maternal care) on the vulnerability to obesity with a focus on the role of oxytocin. We emphasize the existing research gaps and highlight promising directions worthy of exploration. Based on the available data, alterations in the oxytocin system may in part mediate the ELS-induced susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.C.); (C.G.); (I.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Chiara Galli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.C.); (C.G.); (I.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.C.); (C.G.); (I.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.C.); (C.G.); (I.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.C.); (C.G.); (I.S.); (J.P.)
- Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University-United Hospitals, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-6086; Fax: +39-071-220-6087
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Gołyszny M, Obuchowicz E, Zieliński M. Neuropeptides as regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity and their putative roles in stress-induced fertility disorders. Neuropeptides 2022; 91:102216. [PMID: 34974357 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides being regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, also affect the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from hypothalamic neurons. Here, we review the available data on how neuropeptides affect HPG axis activity directly or indirectly via their influence on the HPA axis. The putative role of neuropeptides in stress-induced infertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, is also described. This review discusses both well-known neuropeptides (i.e., kisspeptin, Kp; oxytocin, OT; arginine-vasopressin, AVP) and more recently discovered peptides (i.e., relaxin-3, RLN-3; nesfatin-1, NEFA; phoenixin, PNX; spexin, SPX). For the first time, we present an up-to-date review of all published data regarding interactions between the aforementioned neuropeptide systems. The reviewed literature suggest new pathophysiological mechanisms leading to fertility disturbances that are induced by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Gołyszny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Zieliński
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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6
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Leithead AB, Tasker JG, Harony‐Nicolas H. The interplay between glutamatergic circuits and oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus and its relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13061. [PMID: 34786775 PMCID: PMC8951898 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) neurons of the hypothalamus are at the center of several physiological functions, including milk ejection, uterus contraction, and maternal and social behavior. In lactating females, OXT neurons show a pattern of burst firing and inter-neuron synchronization during suckling that leads to pulsatile release of surges of OXT into the bloodstream to stimulate milk ejection. This pattern of firing and population synchronization may be facilitated in part by hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits, as has been observed in vitro using brain slices obtained from male rats and neonates. However, it remains unknown how hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits influence OXT cell activity outside the context of lactation. In this review, we summarize the in vivo and in vitro studies that describe the synchronized burst firing pattern of OXT neurons and the implication of hypothalamic glutamate in this pattern of firing. We also make note of the few studies that have traced glutamatergic afferents to the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Finally, we discuss the genetic findings implicating several glutamatergic genes in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, thus underscoring the need for future studies to investigate the impact of these mutations on hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits and the OXT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Leithead
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and TreatmentNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Friedman Brain Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jeffrey G. Tasker
- Neurobiology DivisionDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Hala Harony‐Nicolas
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and TreatmentNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Friedman Brain Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
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7
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Wsol A, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Żera T. Complementary Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Cardiovascular Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11465. [PMID: 34768894 PMCID: PMC8584236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurons secreting oxytocin (OXY) and vasopressin (AVP) are located mainly in the supraoptic, paraventricular, and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. Oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic projections reach several regions of the brain and the spinal cord. Both peptides are released from axons, soma, and dendrites and modulate the excitability of other neuroregulatory pathways. The synthesis and action of OXY and AVP in the peripheral organs (eye, heart, gastrointestinal system) is being investigated. The secretion of OXY and AVP is influenced by changes in body fluid osmolality, blood volume, blood pressure, hypoxia, and stress. Vasopressin interacts with three subtypes of receptors: V1aR, V1bR, and V2R whereas oxytocin activates its own OXTR and V1aR receptors. AVP and OXY receptors are present in several regions of the brain (cortex, hypothalamus, pons, medulla, and cerebellum) and in the peripheral organs (heart, lungs, carotid bodies, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, uterus, thymus). Hypertension, myocardial infarction, and coexisting factors, such as pain and stress, have a significant impact on the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin and on the expression of their receptors. The inappropriate regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion during ischemia, hypoxia/hypercapnia, inflammation, pain, and stress may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.C.-J.); (T.Ż.)
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8
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Xie S, Hu Y, Fang L, Chen S, Botchway BOA, Tan X, Fang M, Hu Z. The association of oxytocin with major depressive disorder: role of confounding effects of antidepressants. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:59-77. [PMID: 33989469 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a genetic susceptible disease, and a psychiatric syndrome with a high rate of incidence and recurrence. Because of its complexity concerning etiology and pathogenesis, the cure rate of first-line antidepressants is low. In recent years, accumulative evidences revealed that oxytocin act as a physiological or pathological participant in a variety of complex neuropsychological activities, including major depressive disorder. Six electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang) were employed for researching relevant publications. At last, 226 articles were extracted. The current review addresses the correlation of the oxytocin system and major depressive disorder. Besides, we summarize the mechanisms by which the oxytocin system exerts potential antidepressant effects, including regulating neuronal activity, influencing neuroplasticity and regeneration, altering neurotransmitter release, down regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, and genetic effects. Increasing evidence shows that oxytocin and its receptor gene may play a potential role in major depressive disorder. Future research should focus on the predictive ability of the oxytocin system as a biomarker, as well as its role in targeted prevention and early intervention of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xie
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Integrated Chinese and West Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 208 Huanchendong Road, 310003Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Fang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Integrated Chinese and West Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 208 Huanchendong Road, 310003Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058Hangzhou, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058Hangzhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Integrated Chinese and West Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 208 Huanchendong Road, 310003Hangzhou, China
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9
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Abstract
Oxytocin regulates parturition, lactation, parental nurturing, and many other social behaviors in both sexes. The circuit mechanisms by which oxytocin modulates social behavior are receiving increasing attention. Here, we review recent studies on oxytocin modulation of neural circuit function and social behavior, largely enabled by new methods of monitoring and manipulating oxytocin or oxytocin receptor neurons in vivo. These studies indicate that oxytocin can enhance the salience of social stimuli and increase signal-to-noise ratios by modulating spiking and synaptic plasticity in the context of circuits and networks. We highlight oxytocin effects on social behavior in nontraditional organisms such as prairie voles and discuss opportunities to enhance the utility of these organisms for studying circuit-level modulation of social behaviors. We then discuss recent insights into oxytocin neuron activity during social interactions. We conclude by discussing some of the major questions and opportunities in the field ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute, Neuroscience Institute, and Departments of Otolaryngology and Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; .,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.,Center for Social Neural Networks, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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10
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Morphofunctional Alterations of the Hypothalamus and Social Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070435. [PMID: 32650534 PMCID: PMC7408098 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence indicates a tight relationship between the endocrine system and abnormal social behavior. Two evolutionarily conserved hypothalamic peptides, oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin, because of their extensively documented function in supporting and regulating affiliative and socio-emotional responses, have attracted great interest for their critical implications for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A large number of controlled trials demonstrated that exogenous oxytocin or arginine-vasopressin administration can mitigate social behavior impairment in ASD. Furthermore, there exists long-standing evidence of severe socioemotional dysfunctions after hypothalamic lesions in animals and humans. However, despite the major role of the hypothalamus for the synthesis and release of oxytocin and vasopressin, and the evident hypothalamic implication in affiliative behavior in animals and humans, a rather small number of neuroimaging studies showed an association between this region and socioemotional responses in ASD. This review aims to provide a critical synthesis of evidences linking alterations of the hypothalamus with impaired social cognition and behavior in ASD by integrating results of both anatomical and functional studies in individuals with ASD as well as in healthy carriers of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genetic risk variant for ASD. Current findings, although limited, indicate that morphofunctional anomalies are implicated in the pathophysiology of ASD and call for further investigations aiming to elucidate anatomical and functional properties of hypothalamic nuclei underlying atypical socioemotional behavior in ASD.
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11
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Golan Y, Assaraf YG. Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Human Milk Production and Composition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1500. [PMID: 32455695 PMCID: PMC7284811 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is considered the optimal nutrition for infants as it provides additional attributes other than nutritional support for the infant and contributes to the mother's health as well. Although breastfeeding is the most natural modality to feed infants, nowadays, many mothers complain about breastfeeding difficulties. In addition to environmental factors that may influence lactation outcomes including maternal nutrition status, partner's support, stress, and latching ability of the infant, intrinsic factors such as maternal genetics may also affect the quantitative production and qualitative content of human milk. These genetic factors, which may largely affect the infant's growth and development, as well as the mother's breastfeeding experience, are the subject of the present review. We specifically describe genetic variations that were shown to affect quantitative human milk supply and/or its qualitative content. We further discuss possible implications and methods for diagnosis as well as treatment modalities. Although cases of nutrient-deficient human milk are considered rare, in some ethnic groups, genetic variations that affect human milk content are more abundant, and they should receive greater attention for diagnosis and treatment when necessary. From a future perspective, early genetic diagnosis should be directed to target and treat breastfeeding difficulties in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yehuda G. Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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12
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Wsol A, Wojno O, Puchalska L, Wrzesien R, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. Impaired hypotensive effects of centrally acting oxytocin in SHR and WKY rats exposed to chronic mild stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R160-R172. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00050.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the role of centrally acting oxytocin (OT) in the regulation of blood pressure during chronic mild stress (CMS) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR; n = 36) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY; n = 38) rats. The rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps for intracerebroventricular infusions of 0.9% NaCl, OT, and oxytocin receptor antagonist (OTANT) and divided into two groups: SHR and WKY 1) exposed to 4-wk CMS and 2) not exposed to stress (controls). After 4 wk, hemodynamic parameters were recorded at rest and after an application of acute stressor [air-jet stress (AJS)]. Resting mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was significantly lower in CMS-exposed SHR and WKY infused with OT than in the corresponding groups receiving saline. Exposure to CMS exaggerated the AJS-dependent pressor response in WKY receiving saline but not in the corresponding group of SHR. OT infusion reduced the AJS-dependent pressor response in both CMS-exposed and not exposed SHR and in CMS-exposed WKY. Intracerebroventricular infusion of OTANT potentiated the AJS-dependent pressor response in both stressed and not stressed WKY rats but not in SHR. The results show that centrally delivered OT decreases resting MAP during CMS in both SHR and WKY rats and that in SHR it reduces pressor responses to AJS under control and CMS conditions, whereas in WKY this effect is significant only after CMS exposure. The study indicates that endogenous centrally acting OT may play an essential role in buffering pressor responses to AJS in CMS-exposed and not exposed WKY rats and that this function is significantly impaired in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wsol
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - O. Wojno
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L. Puchalska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R. Wrzesien
- Department of Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Sidhu S, Ma K, Sadovnikova A. Features and Educational Content Related to Milk Production in Breastfeeding Apps: Content Analysis Informed by Social Cognitive Theory. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2019; 2:e12364. [PMID: 31518317 PMCID: PMC6715395 DOI: 10.2196/12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low milk production is one of the main reasons for premature breastfeeding cessation. Smartphone apps have the potential to assist mothers with promoting, interpreting, tracking, or learning about milk production. It is not known whether breastfeeding apps contain high-quality, engaging, and diverse content and features that could be used by mothers to increase their breastfeeding self-efficacy and answer their questions about milk production. OBJECTIVE The overarching objective of this study was to identify and evaluate features and content within breastfeeding apps that could be used by mothers to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy and answer their questions about milk production. The secondary objectives were to quantify the diversity of representation of breastfeeding experiences within breastfeeding apps and to define the type of organization that is most likely to create free apps and/or apps with high-quality, engaging, and diverse features and content related to milk production. METHODS Breastfeeding apps were identified in the Apple App Store. All features that assist mothers with tracking, promoting, or interpreting milk production in the first 0-6 months postpartum were noted. Every screen containing educational information about milk production was identified and saved for review. Images of mothers and caretakers within the selected screenshots were assessed. Three scoresheets informed by Social Cognitive Theory were created to evaluate all identified features, educational content, and images representing the breastfeeding experience. RESULTS Forty-one breastfeeding apps were reviewed. Only seven apps contained both features and educational content related to milk production. Thirteen apps that contained educational content related to milk production received a mean combined content and cultural diversity score of 15.3 of 78. Of the 48 photos reviewed in screenshots that contained educational content on milk production, 87.5% (n=42) were of white women and their infants. For-profit companies and large organizations were most likely to create free apps and apps that received high scores on the combined content and diversity or features scoresheet, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Features and educational content related to milk production and breastfeeding imagery within breastfeeding apps were evaluated using three novel scoresheets informed by Social Cognitive Theory. Few apps contained both features that promote breastfeeding self-efficacy and high-quality, engaging, educational content with images of diverse caretakers. Thus, it is likely that parents, especially those from minority or low-income groups, have limited options when selecting a breastfeeding app. App developers could use the scoresheets and findings in this review to develop breastfeeding apps that assist mothers with interpreting, tracking, or learning about milk production through high-quality and engaging features, content, and imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Sidhu
- LiquidGoldConcept, Inc, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Kaoer Ma
- LiquidGoldConcept, Inc, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Anna Sadovnikova
- LiquidGoldConcept, Inc, Ypsilanti, MI, United States.,School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Eisenberg Y, Murad S, Casagrande A, McArthur M, Dugas LR, Barengolts E, Layden BT. Oxytocin alterations and neurocognitive domains in patients with hypopituitarism. Pituitary 2019; 22:105-112. [PMID: 30656597 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-019-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxytocin is a hypothalamus derived, posterior pituitary stored nonapeptide which has gained recent interest as an important neuropsychiatric and metabolic hormone beyond its classic role in lactation and parturition. Hypopituitarism is a heterogenous disorder of derangement in one or more anterior or posterior pituitary hormones. Diagnosis of deficiency and hormone replacement exists to address all relevant axes except for oxytocin. Our study aims to define derangements in oxytocin in a unique population of patients with hypopituitarism and correlate levels with measures of emotional health and quality of life. METHODS A cross-sectional, single day study was completed to measure plasma oxytocin levels in a diverse population of patients with hypopituitarism compared to controls. Subjects also completed depression, quality of life and stress-related questionnaires, and emotion recognition tasks. RESULTS Thirty-eight subjects completed the study, 18 with hypopituitarism (9 with diabetes insipidus) and 20 controls. After controlling for differences in age, weight and gender, plasma oxytocin levels were highest in subjects with diabetes insipidus compared to control [mean, IQR: 44.3 pg/ml (29.8-78.2) vs. 20.6 (17-31.3), p = 0.032]. Amongst hypopituitary subjects, those with duration of disease greater than 1 year had higher oxytocin levels. No significant differences were observed for psychosocial measures including emotion recognition tasks. CONCLUSIONS Plasma oxytocin levels were found higher in patients with hypopituitarism compared to controls and highest in those with diabetes insipidus. Longer duration of hypopituitarism was also associated with higher plasma levels of oxytocin. Further study is needed to better define oxytocin deficiency and investigate response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Eisenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Shatha Murad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alessandra Casagrande
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mark McArthur
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elena Barengolts
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Sivukhina EV, Jirikowski GF. Osmotic stress induces corticosteroid-binding globulin expression in the rat hypothalamo-hypophyseal system. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 96:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Karadeniz E, Kocak MN, Ahiskalioglu A, Nalci KA, Ozmen S, Akcay MN, Aydin N, Aydin MD, Hacimuftuoglu A. Exploring of the Unpredicted Effects of Olfactory Network Injuries on Mammary Gland Degeneration: A Preliminary Experimental Study. J INVEST SURG 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1446107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Karadeniz
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Kocak
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahiskalioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kemal Alp Nalci
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mufide Nuran Akcay
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nazan Aydin
- Psychiatry Clinic, Bakirkoy Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dumlu Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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17
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Bonapace J, Gagné GP, Chaillet N, Gagnon R, Hébert E, Buckley S. N° 355-Fondements physiologiques de la douleur pendant le travail et l'accouchement: approche de soulagement basée sur les données probantes. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2018; 40:246-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Bonapace J, Gagné GP, Chaillet N, Gagnon R, Hébert E, Buckley S. No. 355-Physiologic Basis of Pain in Labour and Delivery: An Evidence-Based Approach to its Management. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2018; 40:227-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Kalmakoff S, Gray A, Baddock S. Predictors of supplementation for breastfed babies in a Baby-Friendly hospital. Women Birth 2017; 31:202-209. [PMID: 28888864 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2017.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Supplementation of breastfed babies is common during the hospital stay. BACKGROUND The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) optimises practices to support exclusive breastfeeding, yet supplementation is still prevalent. OBJECTIVE To determine predictors for supplementation in a cohort of breastfed babies in a Baby-Friendly hospital. METHODS Electronic hospital records of 1530 healthy term or near term singleton infants and their mothers were examined retrospectively and analysed to identify factors associated with in-hospital supplementation using Poisson regression (unadjusted and adjusted). FINDINGS Fifteen percent of breastfed infants were supplemented during their hospital stay. Analysis by multivariable Poisson regression found that supplementation was independently associated with overweight (reference normal weight) (aRR [adjusted relative risk]=1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.93); primiparity (aRR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.09-1.80); early term gestation (37-376 weeks, aRR=2.79; 95% CI: 1.88-4.15; 38-386 weeks, aRR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.46-2.82); birthweight less than 2500 grams (reference 3000-3499 grams) (aRR=3.60; 95% CI: 2.32-5.60) and use of postpartum uterotonic (aRR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.09-5.55). Greater than 65 minutes of skin-to-skin contact at birth reduced the risk of supplementation (aRR=0.66; 95% CI; 0.48-0.92). CONCLUSION These identified predictors for supplementation, can inform the development of interventions for mother-infant pairs antenatally or in the early postpartum period around increased breastfeeding education and support to reduce supplementation. It may also be possible to reduce supplementation through judicious use of postpartum uterotonics and facilitation of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact at birth for greater than one hour duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kalmakoff
- Queen Mary Maternity, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Gray
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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20
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Weng J, Usuda K, Fujii K, Watanabe G, Nagaoka K. Decrease of lactogenic hormones induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition via TGFβ1 and arachidonic acid during mammary gland involution. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:325-332. [PMID: 28381667 PMCID: PMC5481636 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammary gland involution, the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays an important role in tissue remodelling and in the termination of milk production. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) has been known as a central inducer to EMT and contributor to the mammary gland involution. However, the whole mechanism has accomplished the EMT process in mammary gland is still unclear. Here, we show that arachidonic acid, one of the major products in milk, is new player to control the EMT together with TGFβ during mammary gland involution. Firstly, we observed decrease in CDH1 (epithelial marker gene) expression and increases in VIM and TWIST1 (mesenchymal marker genes), TGFB1, and PLCG2 (arachidonic acid synthesis gene) at involution. In epithelial cells culture experiments, depletion of lactogenic hormones to mimic the involution induced TGFβ1 and PLCG2 expressions. Treatment with arachidonic acid in epithelial cells increased VIM and TWIST1 expressions without decrease of CDH1 expression, while TGFβ1 decreased CDH1 and increased VIM and TWIST1; more importantly, TGFβ1 induced the expression of PLCG2, but arachidonic acid did not induce the expression of TGFB1. Finally, arachidonic acid accelerated the TGFβ1 increasing VIM and TWIST1 expressions, meanwhile arachidonic acid synthase inhibitor partially blocked the TGFβ1 increasing VIM and TWIST1 expressions. In conclusion, TGFβ1 stimulates arachidonic acid synthesis and the arachidonic acid has a function to postulate the EMT process together with TGFβ1 during mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuning Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kento Usuda
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Fernández-Cañadas Morillo A, Marín Gabriel MA, Olza Fernández I, Martínez Rodríguez B, Durán Duque M, Malalana Martínez AM, Gonzalez Armengod C, Pérez Riveiro P, García Murillo L. The Relationship of the Administration of Intrapartum Synthetic Oxytocin and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Rates. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:98-102. [PMID: 28165755 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The consequences that intrapartum administration of hormones can have on breastfeeding are unclear. The aim of the study is to determine if synthetic intrapartum oxytocin, used routinely for induction/stimulation, has a relationship to initiation/duration of breastfeeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a cohort study that was carried out in a tertiary university hospital distinguished by WHO-UNICEF as a BFHI (Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative). A group of 53 mother and newborn dyads who had been exposed to intrapartum synthetic oxytocin were compared with 45 nonexposed dyads. A breastfeeding questionnaire was administered by a midwife blind to patient group through phone calls 3 and 6 months after delivery. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in the rates of mothers exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) or nonexclusively breastfeeding. The percentage of those who were EBF when discharged was 97.3% in the oxytocin-nonexposed group and 87.1% in the oxytocin-exposed group (p = 0.14). At 3 months, the group rates of exclusive breastfeeding were 72.5% in the nonoxytocin-exposed group versus 65.9% in the oxytocin-exposed group (p = 0.71). At 6 months, rates of breastfeeding were 31.4% versus 27.9% (p = 0.53) in the oxytocin-nonexposed and oxytocin-exposed groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, no statistically significant effect of intrapartum synthetic oxytocin administration was observed pertaining to the initiation or duration of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Marín Gabriel
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibone Olza Fernández
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital , Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Martínez Rodríguez
- 4 Division of Neonatology and Newborn Nursery, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital , Madrid, Spain
| | - Modesto Durán Duque
- 1 Department of Midwifery, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Malalana Martínez
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Pérez Riveiro
- 4 Division of Neonatology and Newborn Nursery, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital , Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes García Murillo
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital , Madrid, Spain
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22
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Bernal A, Mahía J, Puerto A. Animal models of Central Diabetes Insipidus: Human relevance of acquired beyond hereditary syndromes and the role of oxytocin. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 66:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oxytocin in the nucleus accumbens shell reverses CRFR2-evoked passive stress-coping after partner loss in monogamous male prairie voles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:66-78. [PMID: 26615473 PMCID: PMC4698175 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of a partner can have severe effects on mental health. Here we explore the neural mechanisms underlying increased passive stress-coping, indicative of depressive-like behavior, following the loss of the female partner in the monogamous male prairie vole. We demonstrate that corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) in the nucleus accumbens shell mediates social loss-induced passive coping. Further, we show that partner loss compromises the oxytocin system through multiple mechanisms. Finally, we provide evidence for an interaction of the CRFR2 and oxytocin systems in mediating the emotional consequences of partner loss. Our results suggest that chronic activation of CRFR2 and suppression of striatal oxytocin signaling following partner loss result in an aversive emotional state that may share underlying mechanisms with bereavement. We propose that the suppression of oxytocin signaling is likely adaptive during short separations to encourage reunion with the partner and may have evolved to maintain long-term partnerships. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting these systems should be considered for treatment of social loss-mediated depression.
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24
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Romano A, Tempesta B, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Gaetani S. From Autism to Eating Disorders and More: The Role of Oxytocin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:497. [PMID: 26793046 PMCID: PMC4709851 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (oxy) is a pituitary neuropeptide hormone synthesized from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei within the hypothalamus. Like other neuropeptides, oxy can modulate a wide range of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator activities. Additionally, through the neurohypophysis, oxy is secreted into the systemic circulation to act as a hormone, thereby influencing several body functions. Oxy plays a pivotal role in parturition, milk let-down and maternal behavior and has been demonstrated to be important in the formation of pair bonding between mother and infants as well as in mating pairs. Furthermore, oxy has been proven to play a key role in the regulation of several behaviors associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including social interactions, social memory response to social stimuli, decision-making in the context of social interactions, feeding behavior, emotional reactivity, etc. An increasing body of evidence suggests that deregulations of the oxytocinergic system might be involved in the pathophysiology of certain neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, eating disorders, schizophrenia, mood, and anxiety disorders. The potential use of oxy in these mental health disorders is attracting growing interest since numerous beneficial properties are ascribed to this neuropeptide. The present manuscript will review the existing findings on the role played by oxy in a variety of distinct physiological and behavioral functions (Figure 1) and on its role and impact in different psychiatric disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight the need of further investigations on this target that might contribute to the development of novel more efficacious therapies.
Oxytocin regulatory control of different and complex processes. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Tempesta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
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25
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Aboitiz F, Montiel JF. Olfaction, navigation, and the origin of isocortex. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:402. [PMID: 26578863 PMCID: PMC4621927 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are remarkable similarities between the brains of mammals and birds in terms of microcircuit architecture, despite obvious differences in gross morphology and development. While in reptiles and birds the most expanding component (the dorsal ventricular ridge) displays an overall nuclear shape and derives from the lateral and ventral pallium, in mammals a dorsal pallial, six-layered isocortex shows the most remarkable elaboration. Regardless of discussions about possible homologies between mammalian and avian brains, a main question remains in explaining the emergence of the mammalian isocortex, because it represents a unique phenotype across amniotes. In this article, we propose that the origin of the isocortex was driven by behavioral adaptations involving olfactory driven goal-directed and navigating behaviors. These adaptations were linked with increasing sensory development, which provided selective pressure for the expansion of the dorsal pallium. The latter appeared as an interface in olfactory-hippocampal networks, contributing somatosensory information for navigating behavior. Sensory input from other modalities like vision and audition were subsequently recruited into this expanding region, contributing to multimodal associative networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aboitiz
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Juan F. Montiel
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Diego PortalesSantiago, Chile
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxford, UK
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Opposite effects of oxytocin on water intake induced by hypertonic NaCl or polyethylene glycol administration. Physiol Behav 2015; 141:135-42. [PMID: 25617595 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Jury NJ, McCormick BA, Horseman ND, Benoit SC, Gregerson KA. Enhanced responsiveness to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during lactation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117339. [PMID: 25689282 PMCID: PMC4331562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiology of mood regulation in the postpartum is poorly understood despite the fact that postpartum depression (PPD) is a common pathology. Serotonergic mechanisms and their dysfunction are widely presumed to be involved, which has led us to investigate whether lactation induces changes in central or peripheral serotonin (5-HT) systems and related affective behaviors. Brain sections from lactating (day 10 postpartum) and age-matched nulliparous (non-pregnant) C57BL/6J mice were processed for 5-HT immunohistochemistry. The total number of 5-HT immunostained cells and optical density were measured. Lactating mice exhibited lower immunoreactive 5-HT and intensity in the dorsal raphe nucleus when compared with nulliparous controls. Serum 5-HT was quantified from lactating and nulliparous mice using radioimmunoassay. Serum 5-HT concentrations were higher in lactating mice than in nulliparous controls. Affective behavior was assessed in lactating and non-lactating females ten days postpartum, as well as in nulliparous controls using the forced swim test (FST) and marble burying task (MBT). Animals were treated for the preceding five days with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI, citalopram, 5mg/kg/day) or vehicle. Lactating mice exhibited a lower baseline immobility time during the FST and buried fewer marbles during the MBT as compared to nulliparous controls. Citalopram treatment changed these behaviors in lactating mice with further reductions in immobility during the FST and decreased marble burying. In contrast, the same regimen of citalopram treatment had no effect on these behaviors in either non-lactating postpartum or nulliparous females. Our findings demonstrate changes in both central and peripheral 5-HT systems associated with lactation, independent of pregnancy. They also demonstrate a significant interaction of lactation and responsiveness to SSRI treatment, which has important implications in the treatment of PPD. Although recent evidence has cast doubt on the effectiveness of SSRIs, these results support their therapeutic use in the treatment of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Jury
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Betsy A. McCormick
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
| | - Nelson D. Horseman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Karen A. Gregerson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
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Klockars A, Levine AS, Olszewski PK. Central oxytocin and food intake: focus on macronutrient-driven reward. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:65. [PMID: 25972841 PMCID: PMC4412129 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrally acting oxytocin (OT) is known to terminate food consumption in response to excessive stomach distension, increase in salt loading, and presence of toxins. Hypothalamic-hindbrain OT pathways facilitate these aspects of OT-induced hypophagia. However, recent discoveries have implicated OT in modifications of feeding via reward circuits: OT has been found to differentially affect consumption of individual macronutrients in choice and no-choice paradigms. In this mini-review, we focus on presenting and interpreting evidence that defines OT as a key component of mechanisms that reduce eating for pleasure and shape macronutrient preferences. We also provide remarks on challenges in integrating the knowledge on physiological and pathophysiological states in which both OT activity and macronutrient preferences are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Klockars
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Allen Stuart Levine
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Pawel Karol Olszewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Pawel Karol Olszewski, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand,
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Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a very simple molecule that plays key roles in complex communication mechanisms within the animal body. In the mammary glands, serotonin biosynthesis and secretion are induced in response to dilation of the alveolar spaces. Since its discovery several years ago, mammary 5-HT has been demonstrated to perform two homeostatic functions. First, serotonin regulates lactation and initiates the transition into the earliest phases of involution. Second, serotonin is a local signal that induces parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which allows the mammary gland to drive the mobilization of calcium from the skeleton. These processes use different receptor types, 5-HT7 and 5-HT2, respectively. In this review, we provide synthetic perspectives on the fundamental processes of lactation homeostasis and the adaptation of calcium homeostasis for lactation. We analyze the role of the intrinsic serotonin system in the physiological regulation of the mammary glands. We also consider the importance of the mammary serotonin system in pathologies and therapies associated with lactation and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson D Horseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45208;
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Veening JG, Olivier B. Intranasal administration of oxytocin: behavioral and clinical effects, a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1445-65. [PMID: 23648680 PMCID: PMC7112651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms behind the effects of IN-applied substances need more attention. The mechanisms involved in the brain-distribution of IN-OT are completely unexplored. The possibly cascading effects of IN-OT on the intrinsic OT-system require serious investigation. IN-OT induces clear and specific changes in neural activation. IN-OT is a promising approach to treat certain clinical symptoms.
The intranasal (IN-) administration of substances is attracting attention from scientists as well as pharmaceutical companies. The effects are surprisingly fast and specific. The present review explores our current knowledge about the routes of access to the cranial cavity. ‘Direct-access-pathways’ from the nasal cavity have been described but many additional experiments are needed to answer a variety of open questions regarding anatomy and physiology. Among the IN-applied substances oxytocin (OT) has an extensive history. Originally applied in women for its physiological effects related to lactation and parturition, over the last decade most studies focused on their behavioral ‘prosocial’ effects: from social relations and ‘trust’ to treatment of ‘autism’. Only very recently in a microdialysis study in rats and mice, the ‘direct-nose-brain-pathways’ of IN-OT have been investigated directly, implying that we are strongly dependent on results obtained from other IN-applied substances. Especially the possibility that IN-OT activates the ‘intrinsic’ OT-system in the hypothalamus as well needs further clarification. We conclude that IN-OT administration may be a promising approach to influence human communication but that the existing lack of information about the neural and physiological mechanisms involved is a serious problem for the proper understanding and interpretation of the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan G Veening
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy (109), Radboud University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Differential lasting inhibitory effects of oxytocin and food-deprivation on mediobasal hypothalamic polydipsia. Brain Res Bull 2013; 94:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brown A, Jordan S. Impact of birth complications on breastfeeding duration: an internet survey. J Adv Nurs 2012; 69:828-39. [PMID: 22765355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore reasons underlying cessation of breastfeeding in mothers with uncomplicated vaginal deliveries and those experiencing complications during childbirth. BACKGROUND Interventions during labour and childbirth can have a negative impact on breastfeeding. Explanations include adverse reactions to medication, delayed breastfeeding initiation, and disruption of the normal endocrinology of childbirth. However, reasons for breastfeeding cessation linked to birth experience have not been fully examined. Increasing breastfeeding duration and, consequently, improving infant and maternal health in the UK depend on understanding why women stop breastfeeding. DESIGN An exploratory cross-sectional survey. METHOD Between January-May 2009, 284 mothers attending community groups in Swansea, Wales, and mothers participating in online parenting forums, who initiated breastfeeding but discontinued before 6 months postpartum, reported their birth experience, including complications and reasons for breastfeeding cessation in an internet survey. RESULTS Mothers who experienced birth complications breastfed for a significantly shorter duration than those who did not. Specifically, caesarean deliveries, foetal distress, failure to progress, and postpartum haemorrhage were each associated with a shorter breastfeeding duration. Mothers who experienced complications were more likely to discontinue breastfeeding for reasons of pain and difficulty than mothers who did not experience complications, yet no difference was seen between groups for social reasons such as embarrassment or a lack of support. CONCLUSION Certain complications during labour may increase risk of specific physical difficulties with breastfeeding, possibly due to their association with medications received. Maternity health professionals should be alert to this possibility to offer enhanced attention and care to overcome these issues and prolong breastfeeding duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brown
- College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
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Denda S, Takei K, Kumamoto J, Goto M, Tsutsumi M, Denda M. Oxytocin is expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and released upon stimulation with adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate in vitro. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:535-7. [PMID: 22583056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide produced primarily in the hypothalamus and is best known for its roles in parturition and lactation. It also influences behaviour, memory and mental state. Recent studies have suggested a variety of roles for oxytocin in peripheral tissues, including skin. Here we show that oxytocin is expressed in human skin. Immunohistochemical studies showed that oxytocin and its carrier protein, neurophysin I, are predominantly localized in epidermis. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of oxytocin in both skin and cultured epidermal keratinocytes. We also show that oxytocin is released from keratinocytes after application of adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (ATPγS, a stable analogue of ATP) in a dose-dependent manner. The ATPγS-induced oxytocin release was inhibited by removal of extracellular calcium, or by the P2X receptor antagonist 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP). These results suggest that oxytocin is produced in human epidermal keratinocytes and is released in response to calcium influx via P2X receptors.
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Bodineau L, Taveau C, Lê Quan Sang HH, Osterstock G, Queguiner I, Moos F, Frugière A, Llorens-Cortes C. Data supporting a new physiological role for brain apelin in the regulation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons in lactating rats. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3492-503. [PMID: 21733827 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is a bioactive peptide identified as the endogenous ligand of the human orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ in 1998. The present data show that apelin modulates the activity of magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin (OXY) neurons in the lactating rat. A combination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of apelin receptor mRNA in hypothalamic OXY neurons. Double immunofluorescence labeling then revealed the colocalization of apelin with OXY in about 20% of the hypothalamic OXY-positive neurons. Intracerebroventricular apelin administration inhibited the activity of magnocellular and parvocellular OXY neurons, as shown by measuring the c-fos expression in OXY neurons or by direct electrophysiological measurements of the electrical activity of these neurons. This effect was correlated with a decrease in the amount of milk ejected. Thus, apelin inhibits the activity of OXY neurons through a direct action on apelin receptors expressed by these neurons in an autocrine and paracrine manner. In conclusion, these findings highlight the inhibitory role of apelin as an autocrine/paracrine peptide acting on OXY neurons during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bodineau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris F-75231, France
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Qiu J, Hindmarch CCT, Yao ST, Tasker JG, Murphy D. Transcriptomic analysis of the osmotic and reproductive remodeling of the female rat supraoptic nucleus. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3483-91. [PMID: 21791562 PMCID: PMC3159778 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus is an important integrative brain structure that coordinates responses to perturbations in water balance and regulates maternal physiology through the release of the neuropeptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin into the circulation. Both dehydration and lactation evoke a dramatic morphological remodeling of the SON, a process known as function-related plasticity. We hypothesize that some of the changes seen in SON remodeling are mediated by differential gene expression, and have thus used microarrays to document global changes in transcript abundance that accompany chronic dehydration in female rats, and in lactation. In situ hybridization analysis has confirmed the differential expression of three of these genes, namely TNF-induced protein 6, gonadotropin-inducible transcription factor 1, and ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor 1. Comparison of differential gene expression patterns in male and female rats subjected to dehydration and in lactating rats has enabled the identification of common elements that are significantly enriched in gene classes with particular functions. Two of these are related to the requirement for increased protein synthesis and hormone delivery in the physiologically stimulated SON (translation initiation factor activity and endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, respectively), whereas others are consistent with the concept of SON morphological plasticity (collagen fibril organization, extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis, extracellular structure organization and biogenesis, and homophilic cell adhesion). We suggest that the genes coordinately regulated in the SON as a consequence of dehydration and lactation form a network that mediates the plastic processes operational in the physiologically activated SON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
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Prime DK, Geddes DT, Hepworth AR, Trengove NJ, Hartmann PE. Comparison of the patterns of milk ejection during repeated breast expression sessions in women. Breastfeed Med 2011; 6:183-90. [PMID: 21770734 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2011.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the consistency of milk ejections and milk expression characteristics within mothers at repeated expression sessions. METHODS Twenty-five breastfeeding mothers expressed their breasts simultaneously on three occasions within 3 weeks, and follow-up visits were performed at 6, 9, and 12 months of lactation. During the 15-minute expression, milk was collected onto a continuous weigh balance to measure milk flow rate. RESULTS The number of milk ejections was similar at the three sessions (5.1±2.0), decreasing at the 12-month follow-up (3.3±1.2). Mothers had a similar pattern of milk ejection at each session. The time that each milk ejection occurred was consistent for the first 9 months of lactation. Of the four milk ejection patterns identified, each removed a similar percentage of available milk but varied in the time to reach 80% of the total expression volume. The first two milk ejections produced the greatest percentage (62%) of total milk volume during breast expression. CONCLUSIONS For each individual mother, the timing, pattern, and number of milk ejections were consistent, suggesting a predetermined release of oxytocin. In light of the innate oxytocin release and milk removal characteristics in women, there is potential for individual tailoring of the duration of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle K Prime
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia .
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Saltzman W, Maestripieri D. The neuroendocrinology of primate maternal behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1192-204. [PMID: 20888383 PMCID: PMC3072435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In nonhuman primates and humans, similar to other mammals, hormones are not strictly necessary for the expression of maternal behavior, but nevertheless influence variation in maternal responsiveness and parental behavior both within and between individuals. A growing number of correlational and experimental studies have indicated that high circulating estrogen concentrations during pregnancy increase maternal motivation and responsiveness to infant stimuli, while effects of prepartum or postpartum estrogens and progestogens on maternal behavior are less clear. Prolactin is thought to play a role in promoting paternal and alloparental care in primates, but little is known about the relationship between this hormone and maternal behavior. High circulating cortisol levels appear to enhance arousal and responsiveness to infant stimuli in young, relatively inexperienced female primates, but interfere with the expression of maternal behavior in older and more experienced mothers. Among neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, preliminary evidence indicates that oxytocin and endogenous opioids affect maternal attachment to infants, including maintenance of contact, grooming, and responses to separation. Brain serotonin affects anxiety and impulsivity, which in turn may affect maternal behaviors such as infant retrieval or rejection of infants' attempts to make contact with the mother. Although our understanding of the neuroendocrine correlates of primate maternal behavior has grown substantially in the last two decades, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying these effects, e.g., the extent to which these mechanisms may involve changes in perception, emotion, or cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Saltzman
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Stewart L, Hindmarch CCT, Qiu J, Tung YCL, Yeo GSH, Murphy D. Hypothalamic transcriptome plasticity in two rodent species reveals divergent differential gene expression but conserved pathways. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:177-85. [PMID: 21070396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have addressed the question of how different rodent species cope with the life-threatening homeostatic challenge of dehydration at the level of transcriptome modulation in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), a specialised hypothalamic neurosecretory apparatus responsible for the production of the antidiuretic peptide hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP maintains water balance by promoting water conservation at the level of the kidney. Dehydration evokes a massive increase in the regulated release of AVP from SON axon terminals located in the posterior pituitary, and this is accompanied by a plethora of changes in the morphology, electrophysiological properties, biosynthetic and secretory activity of this structure. Microarray analysis was used to generate a definitive catalogue of the genes expressed in the mouse SON, and to describe how the gene expression profile changes in response to dehydration. Comparison of the genes differentially expressed in the mouse SON as a consequence of dehydration with those of the rat has revealed many similarities, pointing to common processes underlying the function-related plasticity in this nucleus. In addition, we have identified many genes that are differentially expressed in a species-specific manner. However, in many cases, we have found that the hyperosmotic cue can induce species-specific alterations in the expression of different genes in the same pathway. The same functional end can be served by different means, via differential modulation, in different species, of different molecules in the same pathway. We suggest that pathways, rather than specific genes, should be the focus of integrative physiological studies based on transcriptome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stewart
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Bernal A, Mahía J, García Del Rio C, Puerto A. Oxytocin polyuria and polydipsia is blocked by NaCl administration in food-deprived male rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2010; 22:1043-51. [PMID: 20649851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of NaCl injections on the polydipsia and polyuria induced by subcutaneous oxytocin (OT) administration in food-deprived male rats. During the first 12 h of the treatment day, both food deprivation and OT administration increased urine excretion but reduced water intake, water balance (fluid intake minus urine volume) and body weight. OT treatment enhanced urine excretion and the reduction in water balance and body weight without reducing the water intake of food-deprived animals. Analysis of the physiological effects of OT administration showed increases in urinary sodium concentration, sodium excretion and a reduced plasma sodium concentration. During the second 12 h, OT increased both urine excretion and water intake in food-deprived but not in ad lib.-fed rats. However, hypertonic NaCl administration at the start of this second 12-h period blocked the polyuric and polydipsic responses observed in the OT/deprived group but increased the water intake of the ad lib. groups. After the whole 24-h period, animals treated with OT showed a water balance and body weight change matching those observed in Control animals. Although the recording time period is a critical factor to demonstrate the effect of peripheral OT administration on water intake, the results obtained suggest that the polyuric and polydipsic responses observed in food-deprived animals depend on the negative sodium and water balance induced by the natriuretic effect of OT and the unavailability of sodium. These OT-induced deficits can be counteracted by the administration of hypertonic NaCl solutions or simply by the intake of standard food.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernal
- Psychobiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Bernal A, Mahía J, Puerto A. Potentiated effect of systemic administration of oxytocin on hypertonic NaCl intake in food-deprived male rats. Horm Behav 2010; 57:284-90. [PMID: 20045414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous administration of oxytocin (OT) increases water intake and sodium/urine excretion in food-deprived male rats. This study analyzes the effect of OT administration (at 0830 and 1430h) on the consumption of water and hypertonic NaCl (1.5%). In the first experiment, injections of OT increased the intake of hypertonic NaCl (but not of water) in food-deprived rats but not in ad lib-fed animals during the second 12 h (2030 to 0830) of the treatment day. The net concentration of the fluid consumed by OT/deprived animals was close to isotonic. In the second experiment, the initial effect of OT administration was an increase in urine volume and urinary sodium excretion and concentration by food-deprived animals during the first 12 h (0830 to 2030). These findings suggest that in food-deprived animals, systemic administration of OT induces NaCl intake as a consequence of previous urine loss and urinary sodium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bernal
- Psychobiology, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada, Spain.
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Wsół A, Cudnoch-Je drzejewska A, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Kowalewski S, Dobruch J. Central oxytocin modulation of acute stress-induced cardiovascular responses after myocardial infarction in the rat. Stress 2009; 12:517-25. [PMID: 20102320 DOI: 10.3109/10253890802687688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining the role of centrally released oxytocin in regulation of blood pressure and heart rate (HR) under resting conditions and during an acute air-jet stress in rats with a myocardial infarction and controls infarcted. Four weeks after ligation of a coronary artery or sham surgery, conscious Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to one of the following intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions: (1) 0.9% NaCl (control), (2) oxytocin, (3) oxytocin receptor antagonist {desGly-NH(2)-d(CH(2))(5)[D-Tyr(2)Thr(4)]OVT}(OXYANT). Resting arterial blood pressure and HR were not affected by any of the ICV infusions either in the infarcted or sham-operated rats. In the control experiments, the pressor and tachycardic responses to the air jet of infarcted rats were significantly greater than in the sham-operated rats. OXYANT significantly enhanced the cardiovascular responses to stress only in the sham-operated rats whereas oxytocin significantly attenuated both responses in the infarcted but not in the sham-operated rats. The results suggest that centrally released endogenous oxytocin significantly reduces the cardiovascular responses to the acute stressor in control rats. This buffering function of the brain-oxytocin system is not efficient during the post-myocardial infarction state, however it may be restored by central administration of exogenous oxytocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wsół
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Jordan S, Emery S, Watkins A, Evans JD, Storey M, Morgan G. Associations of drugs routinely given in labour with breastfeeding at 48 hours: analysis of the Cardiff Births Survey. BJOG 2009; 116:1622-9; discussion 1630-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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López HH, Webb SA, Nash S. Cannabinoid receptor antagonism increases female sexual motivation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 92:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Endogenous modulators of synaptic transmission: cannabinoid regulation in the supraoptic nucleus. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2008; 170:129-36. [PMID: 18655878 PMCID: PMC3569497 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) are a major source of both systemic and central release of the neurohypophyseal peptides, oxytocin (OXT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP). Both OXT and AVP are released from the somatodendritic compartment of magnocellular neurons and act within the SON to modulate the electrophysiological function of these cells. Cannabinoids (CBs) affect hormonal output and the SON may represent a neural substrate through which CBs exert specific physiological and behavioural effects. Dynamic modulation of synaptic inputs is a fundamental mechanism through which neuronal output is controlled. Dendritically released OXT acts on autoreceptors to generate endocannabinoids (eCBs) which modify both excitatory and inhibitory inputs to OXT neurons through actions on presynaptic CB receptors. As such, OXT and eCBs cooperate to shape the electrophysiological properties of magnocellular OXT neurons, regulating the physiological function of this nucleus. Further study of eCB signalling in the SON, including its interaction with AVP neurons, promises to extend our understanding of the synaptic regulation of SON physiological function.
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Cumbers MR, Chung ST, Wakerley JB. A neuromodulatory role for oxytocin within the supramammillary nucleus. Neuropeptides 2007; 41:217-26. [PMID: 17568668 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin functions as both a neurohypophysial hormone and central neuromodulatory peptide, and has been implicated in reproductive behaviours, anxiety and reward, as well as facilitation of the neuroendocrine milk-ejection reflex. A potential substrate for oxytocin is the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), a structure that contains oxytocin binding sites and serves as an important relay within the limbic system. Hence, this study investigated the neuromodulatory role of oxytocin within the SuM. Firstly, the effect of oxytocin on neuronal firing within the SuM was studied, using in vitro brain slices from virgin female rats. Oxytocin (10(-6)M) excited approximately 50% of SuM neurones, and similar results were obtained with the selective oxytocin agonist, Thr(4) Gly(7) oxytocin (TGOT) (10(-6) and 10(-7)M). The remaining neurones were unaffected. The TGOT response was blocked by application of the oxytocin antagonist, [d(CH(2))51,Tyr(Me)(2),Thr(4),Orn(8),Tyr-NH29]-vasotocin. Repeat doses of TGOT caused diminution of the response, indicative of desensitisation. In the second series of experiments, immunocytochemical techniques were used to study the oxytocinergic innervation of the SuM. The supramammillary decussation was found to contain numerous oxytocinergic fibres, and some could be seen coursing ventrally to enter the SuM. Whereas, some were clearly "en passant" fibres innervating the neurohypophysis, others followed a more convoluted and branching course, and appeared to terminate within the nucleus. Finally, in vivo microinfusion studies investigated whether oxytocin injected into the SuM facilitated the milk-ejection reflex, a well known action of central oxytocin. Oxytocin microinfusion in the region of the SuM caused a pronounced facilitation of the reflex, contrasting with the much smaller effects of microinfusions made rostral or caudal to the nucleus. Collectively, these results strongly support a neuromodulatory role for oxytocin within the SuM. This could have important implications for understanding the diverse neuroendocrine and behavioural functions of central oxytocin, including its role in reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Cumbers
- Department of Anatomy, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Caligioni CS, Oliver C, Jamur MC, Franci CR. Presence of oxytocin receptors in the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones in female rats: a possible direct action of oxytocin on GnRH neurones. J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:439-48. [PMID: 17504438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones constitute the final output pathway of a neuronal network that controls the preovulatory luteinising hormone (LH) surge and ovulation. Throughout the reproductive cycle, several neurotransmitters stimulate and inhibit the activity of GnRH neurones, including oxytocin. The central administration of oxytocin antiserum abolishes the pro-oestrous LH surge whereas oxytocin stimulates GnRH secretion from hypothalamic explants suggesting an oxytocin central action. Within the GnRH neuronal population in the rat, GnRH cells in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) are activated at the time of the LH surge. Thus, we hypothesised that GnRH neurones in the MPOA may express oxytocin receptors, and that oxytocin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may be differentially activated during the oestrous cycle. Oxytocin receptors mRNA was detected in the MPOA using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In animals in either metoestrus or pro-oestrus, double-label immunofluorescence indicated that approximately 10% of GnRH neurones in the MPOA coexpressed oxytocin receptors and that a few oxytocin fibres are located in the vicinity of these GnRH neurones. However, other neurones positive for the oxytocin receptors were found near GnRH neurones. At both oestrous stages, double-label immunofluorescence revealed that approximately 30% of oxytocin neurones in the SON were Fos-positive whereas oxytocin neurones in the PVN were consistently Fos-negative. Together, these data suggest that oxytocin may directly control neuronal activity in a subpopulation of GnRH neurones. Moreover, both oxytocin neuronal activity and the oxytocin receptor expression on GnRH cells are not influenced by oestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Caligioni
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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Summy-Long JY, Hu S, Pruss A, Chen X, Phillips TM. Response of interleukin-1beta in the magnocellular system to salt-loading. J Neuroendocrinol 2006; 18:926-37. [PMID: 17076768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drinking 2% NaCl decreases interleukin (IL)-1beta in the neural lobe and enhances IL-1 Type 1 receptor expression in magnocellular neurones and pituicytes. To quantify cytokine depletion from the neural lobe during progressive salt loading and determine whether the changes are reversible and correspond with stores of vasopressin (VP) or oxytocin (OT), rats were given water on day 0 and then 2% NaCl to drink for 2, 5, 8 or 5 days followed by 5 days of water (rehydration). Control rats drinking only water were pair-fed amounts eaten by 5-day salt-loaded animals. Animals were decapitated on day 8, the neural lobe frozen and plasma hormones analysed by radioimmunoassay (OT, VP) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IL-1beta). IL-1beta, VP and OT in homogenates of the neural lobe were quantified by immunocapillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Differences were determined by ANOVA, Tukey's t-test, Dunnett's procedure, Fisher's least significant difference and linear regression analysis. In response to salt-loading, rats lost body weight similar to pair-fed controls, drank progressively more 2% NaCl and excreted greater urine volumes. Plasma VP increased at days 2 and 8 of salt-loading, whereas osmolality, OT and cytokine were enhanced after 8 days with IL-1beta remaining elevated after rehydration. In the neural lobe, all three peptides decreased progressively with increasing duration of salt-loading (IL-1beta, r2 = 0.98; OT, r2 = 0.94; VP, r2 = 0.93), beginning on day 2 (IL-1beta; VP) or 5 (OT), with only VP replenished by rehydration. IL-1beta declined more closely (P < 0.0001; ANOVA interaction analysis) with OT (r2 = 0.96) than VP (r2 = 0.86), indicative of corelease from the neural lobe during chronic dehydration. Local effects of IL-1beta on magnocellular terminals, pituicytes and microglia in the neural lobe with activation of forebrain osmoregulatory structures by circulating cytokine may sustain neurosecretion of OT and VP during prolonged salt-loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Summy-Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Abstract
alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and oxytocin share remarkable similarities of effects on behaviour in rats; in particular, they both inhibit feeding behaviour and stimulate sexual behaviour. Recently, we showed that alpha-MSH interacts with the magnocellular oxytocin system in the supraoptic nucleus; alpha-MSH induces the release of oxytocin from the dendrites of magnocellular neurones but it inhibits the secretion of oxytocin from their nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary. This effect of alpha-MSH on supraoptic nucleus oxytocin neurones is remarkable for two reasons. First, it illustrates the capacity of magnocellular neurones to differentially regulate peptide release from dendrites and axons and, second, it emphasises the putative role of magnocellular neurones as a major source of central oxytocin release, and as a likely substrate of some oxytocin-mediated behaviours. The ability of peptides to differentially control secretion from different compartments of their targets indicates one way by which peptide signals might have a particularly significant effect on neuronal circuitry. This suggests a possible explanation for the striking way in which some peptides can influence specific, complex behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sabatier
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Leng G, Ludwig M. Jacques Benoit Lecture. Information processing in the hypothalamus: peptides and analogue computation. J Neuroendocrinol 2006; 18:379-92. [PMID: 16684129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptides in the hypothalamus are not like conventional neurotransmitters; their release is not particularly associated with synapses, and their long half-lives mean that they can diffuse to distant targets. Peptides can act on their cells of origin to facilitate the development of patterned electrical activity, they can act on their neighbours to bind the collective activity of a neural population into a coherent signalling entity, and the co-ordinated population output can transmit waves of peptide secretion that act as a patterned hormonal analogue signal within the brain. At their distant targets, peptides can re-programme neural networks, by effects on gene expression, synaptogenesis, and by functionally rewiring connections by priming activity-dependent release.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Leng
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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