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Maryniak NZ, Mancino M, Sztuk TKS, Gao Y, Sancho AI, Hansen EB, Bøgh KL. Impact of processing on the sensitising capacity and cross-reactivity of cow's and camel milk proteins in a Brown Norway rat study. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114761. [PMID: 38796088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Infant formulas based on hydrolysed cow's milk proteins are used when breastfeeding is not feasible in cow's milk allergic infants. Camel milk has been shown to be well-tolerated by the majority of children with cow's milk allergy (CMA) and may be a substitute in management of CMA. Here we aimed to evaluate the impact of processing on immunogenicity, sensitising, antibody-binding and cross-reactive capacity of cow's and camel milk. Cow's and camel milk were processed by means of enzyme hydrolysis or heat treatment. Brown Norway rats were immunised with PBS, non-processed, enzyme hydrolysed or heat-treated cow's or camel milk. In vivo tests were performed for evaluation of clinical signs. Blood and faecal samples were analysed for levels and specificity of antibody responses. Cow's and camel milk showed similar sensitising capacity. Processing decreased the sensitising capacity of cow's milk, yet only enzyme hydrolysis but not heat treatment decreased the sensitising capacity of camel milk. Processing affected the specificity of antibodies raised in the rats, though the effect differed between cow's and camel milk. The study showed a low cross-reactivity between cow's and camel milk, which was decreased with processing, suggesting that processing of camel milk may improve its usefulness in CMA management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Mancino
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Yumei Gao
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Ana Isabel Sancho
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Egon Bech Hansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Mckerchar HJ, Lento C, Bennie RZ, Crowther JM, Dolamore F, Dyer JM, Clerens S, Mercadante D, Wilson DJ, Dobson RCJ. The protein dynamics of bovine and caprine β-lactoglobulin differ as a function of pH. Food Chem 2023; 408:135229. [PMID: 36563618 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The properties of milk proteins differ between mammalian species. β-Lactoglobulin (βlg) proteins from caprine and bovine milk are sequentially and structurally highly similar, yet their physicochemical properties differ, particularly in response to pH. To resolve this conundrum, we compared the dynamics of both the monomeric and dimeric states for each homologue at pH 6.9 and 7.5 using hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments. At pH 7.5, the rate of exchange is similar across both homologues, but at pH 6.9 the dimeric states of the bovine βlg B variant homologue have significantly more conformational flexibility compared with caprine βlg. Molecular dynamics simulations provide a mechanistic rationale for the experimental observations, revealing that variant-specific substitutions encode different conformational ensembles with different dynamic properties consistent with the hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments. Understanding the dynamic differences across βlg homologues is essential to understand the different responses of these milks to processing, human digestion, and differences in immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Mckerchar
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, based at Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Protein and Metabolites Team, AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Cristina Lento
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Rachel Z Bennie
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer M Crowther
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Dolamore
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jolon M Dyer
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand; Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Clerens
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, based at Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Protein and Metabolites Team, AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Davide Mercadante
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Derek J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, based at Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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3
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Mansor M, Al-Obaidi JR, Ismail IH, Abidin MAZ, Zakaria AF, Lau BYC, Mohsin AZ, Sukor R, Selamat J, Mahmud NK, Jambari NN. Cross-reactivity analysis of milk proteins from different goat breeds with cow's milk allergens using a proteomic approach. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:44-57. [PMID: 36696839 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Goat's milk thought to be a good substitute for cow's milk protein allergic (CMPA) individuals. However, there is growing evidence that their proteins have cross-reactivities with cow's milk allergens. This study aimed to profile and compare milk proteins from different goat breeds that have cross-reactivity to cow's milk allergens. METHODOLOGY Proteomics was used to compare protein extracts of skim milk from Saanen, Jamnapari, and Toggenburg. Cow's milk was used as a control. IgE-immunoblotting and mass spectrometry were used to compare and identify proteins that cross-reacted with serum IgE from CMPA patients (n = 10). RESULTS The analysis of IgE-reactive proteins revealed that the protein spots identified with high confidence were proteins homologous to common cow's milk allergens such as α-S1-casein (αS1-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN), and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG). Jamnapari's milk proteins were found to cross-react with four major milk allergens: α-S1-CN, β-CN, κ-CN, and β-LG. Saanen goat's milk proteins, on the other hand, cross-reacted with two major milk allergens, α-S1-CN and β-LG, whereas Toggenburg goat's milk proteins only react with one of the major milk allergens, κ-CN. CONCLUSION These findings may help in the development of hypoallergenic goat milk through cross-breeding strategies of goat breeds with lower allergenic milk protein contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammeer Mansor
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jameel R Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Hakimah Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Atiqah Farah Zakaria
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, #6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aliah Zannierah Mohsin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Khaizura Mahmud
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lajnaf R, Feki S, Ben Ameur S, Attia H, Kammoun T, Ayadi MA, Masmoudi H. Cows' milk alternatives for children with cows' milk protein allergy - Review of health benefits and risks of allergic reaction. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Alternatives to Cow’s Milk-Based Infant Formulas in the Prevention and Management of Cow’s Milk Allergy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070926. [PMID: 35407012 PMCID: PMC8997926 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow’s milk-based infant formulas are the most common substitute to mother’s milk in infancy when breastfeeding is impossible or insufficient, as cow’s milk is a globally available source of mammalian proteins with high nutritional value. However, cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most prevalent type of food allergy among infants, affecting up to 3.8% of small children. Hypoallergenic infant formulas based on hydrolysed cow’s milk proteins are commercially available for the management of CMA. Yet, there is a growing demand for more options for infant feeding, both in general but especially for the prevention and management of CMA. Milk from other mammalian sources than the cow, such as goat, sheep, camel, donkey, and horse, has received some attention in the last decade due to the different protein composition profile and protein amino acid sequences, resulting in a potentially low cross-reactivity with cow’s milk proteins. Recently, proteins from plant sources, such as potato, lentil, chickpeas, quinoa, in addition to soy and rice, have gained increased interest due to their climate friendly and vegan status as well as potential lower allergenicity. In this review, we provide an overview of current and potential future infant formulas and their relevance in CMA prevention and management.
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Abstract
Cow's milk is a highly nutritious biological fluid that provides nourishment and immunity to infants when breastfeeding declines. However, some infants, children, and adults are allergic to cow's milk because milk contains potential allergens in the form of proteins. Casein and whey proteins and their coagulated sub-fractions in the milk such as αS1-casein, αS2-casein, β-casein, κ-casein and α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, respectively are the major etiological determinant of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Moreover, milk processing techniques such as homogenization and pasteurization alter the milk fat and whey protein's molecular structure and serve them as allergens to the immune system of allergic individuals. Strict exclusion of nutrient-rich milk and other dairy products from diet puts children with CMA at higher nutritional risk. Thus, regular nutritional monitoring, the inclusion of protein and mineral-rich supplements as a substitute for cow's milk, management of animal genetics (sheep, goats, buffaloes, camel, mare, donkey, yak), and milk processing to produce non-allergenic milk by inactivating allergic proteins for designer nutrition is essentially required. This review paper details the prevalence, molecular profiling of milk allergens (proteins), body immune response against CMA, consequences of milk processing, treatment, and novel role of galectins as potentially allergy suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mulumebet Worku
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Cow's Milk Processing-Friend or Foe in Food Allergy? Foods 2021; 10:foods10030572. [PMID: 33803451 PMCID: PMC8000412 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow’s milk (CM) is an integral part of our daily diet starting in infancy and continuing throughout our lifetime. Its composition is rich in proteins with a high nutritional value, bioactive components, milk minerals including calcium, and a range of immunoactive substances. However, cow’s milk can also induce a range of immune-mediated diseases including non-IgE-mediated food allergies and IgE-mediated food allergies. Cow’s milk allergens have been identified and characterized and the most relevant ones can be assigned to both, the whey and casein fraction. For preservation a range of processing methods are applied to make cow’s milk and dairy products safe for consumers. However, these methods affect milk components and thus alter the overall immunogenic activity of cow’s milk. This review summarizes the current knowledge on cow’s milk allergens and immunoactive substances and the impact of the different processes up- or downregulating the immunogenicity of the respective proteins. It highlights the gaps of knowledge of the related disease mechanisms and the still unidentified beneficial immunomodulating compounds of cow’s milk.
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8
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Hostetler GL, Barber CM, Miklus MB, Prieto PA. Determination of Casein Allergens in Extensively Hydrolyzed Casein Infant Formula by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:172-179. [PMID: 33064804 PMCID: PMC8372038 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of hypoallergenic infant formulas and the need for reliable tests to determine the presence of residual antigens have increased in parallel. Objective An LC-MS method for quantitation of casein was validated using incurred samples and a matrix-matched external standard curve. Method Powdered infant formula samples were extracted in a buffer of sodium deoxycholate and ammonium bicarbonate at 60°C and filtered through 7 kDa desalting columns. Samples were digested overnight with trypsin and precipitated with acid prior to analysis of marker peptides by tandem mass spectrometry. Results Based on three marker peptides, the linear range for casein was 1.8–42 μg/g of powdered infant formula with an LOQ of 1.8 μg/g. The determination coefficients (R2) for each curve were ≥0.99 for casein peptides. Method repeatability was ≤22% RSD and intermediate precision was ≤23% RSD; recovery of casein from incurred material (2–20 µg/g) ranged from 78% to 118%. Conclusions An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for confirmation of casein allergens in hypoallergenic infant formula. Highlights A method was developed to accurately and reliably quantify casein allergens in extensively hydrolyzed casein infant formula by LC-MS without the need for custom peptide standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Hostetler
- Perrigo Nutritionals, Research and Development, 147 Industrial Park Road, Georgia, VT 05468, USA
| | - Cynthia M Barber
- Perrigo Nutritionals, Scientific Affairs, 652 Peter Jefferson Parkway, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
| | - Michael B Miklus
- Perrigo Nutritionals, Research and Development, 147 Industrial Park Road, Georgia, VT 05468, USA
| | - Pedro A Prieto
- Perrigo Nutritionals, Scientific Affairs, 652 Peter Jefferson Parkway, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
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9
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Cox AL, Eigenmann PA, Sicherer SH. Clinical Relevance of Cross-Reactivity in Food Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:82-99. [PMID: 33429724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of food allergy is complicated by an abundance of homologous, cross-reactive proteins in edible foods and aeroallergens. This results in patients having allergic sensitization (positive tests) to many biologically related foods. However, many are sensitized to foods without exhibiting clinical reactivity. Although molecular diagnostics have improved our ability to identify clinically relevant cross-reactivity, the optimal approach to patients requires an understanding of the epidemiology of clinically relevant cross-reactivity, as well as the food-specific (degree of homology, protein stability, abundance) and patient-specific factors (immune response, augmentation factors) that determine clinical relevance. Examples of food families with high rates of cross-reactivity include mammalian milks, eggs, fish, and shellfish. Low rates are noted for grains (wheat, barley, rye), and rates of cross-reactivity are variable for most other foods. This review discusses clinically relevant cross-reactivity related to the aforementioned food groups as well as seeds, legumes (including peanut, soy, chickpea, lentil, and others), tree nuts, meats, fruits and vegetables (including the lipid transfer protein syndrome), and latex. The complicating factor of addressing co-allergy, for example, the risks of allergy to both peanut and tree nuts among atopic patients, is also discussed. Considerations for an approach to individual patient care are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Cox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Philippe A Eigenmann
- The Department of Pediatrics Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of the University of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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10
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Prosser CG. Compositional and functional characteristics of goat milk and relevance as a base for infant formula. J Food Sci 2021; 86:257-265. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Prosser
- Dairy Goat Co‐operative (N.Z.) Ltd. 18 Gallagher Drive Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
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11
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Baumann SA, Fritz C, Mueller RS. Food antigen-specific IgE in dogs with suspected food hypersensitivity. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2020; 48:395-402. [PMID: 33276389 DOI: 10.1055/a-1274-9210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge of cross-reactions in food-sensitive dogs will influence the choice of elimination diets and the long-term management of those patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate food allergen-specific IgE tests of suspected allergic dogs for concurrent positive reactions as possible evidence for cross reactions between allergens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Results of serum IgE tests from 760 suspected allergic dogs submitted to 2 laboratories were evaluated statistically. After the tested allergens were grouped by their phylogenetic relationship, odds ratios as well as a sensitivity analysis of the odds ratios were performed to evaluate if concurrent positive IgE results to 2 allergens occurred more often than expected. RESULTS Within related allergen pairs 27% (laboratory 1) and 72% (laboratory 2) of the pairs could be considered as associated. For the unrelated allergen pairs only 6.8% and 10.6% of the analyzed pairs were considered associated respectively. Strong correlations were shown in the group of ruminant allergens, especially beef and lamb, and grain allergens. High rates of concurrent reactions were also detected in the poultry group, especially between chicken and duck, as well as between pork and ruminant allergens, and soy and grain allergens. CONCLUSION As our results showed not only correlations within related but also between non-related allergens, the possible relevance of carbohydrate moieties as well as panallergens for canine hypersensitivities warrants further study. Further investigations are necessary to distinguish co-sensitization from cross-reactions and determine the clinical relevance of food-specific IgE reactivity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Due to possible cross reactivity related allergens, especially beef and lamb as well as grain allergens, should not be used for an elimination diet to avoid false results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Baumann
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University
| | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University
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12
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Burris AD, Burris J, Järvinen KM. Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Term and Preterm Infants: Clinical Manifestations, Immunologic Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies. Neoreviews 2020; 21:e795-e808. [PMID: 33262206 DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-12-e795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy is a common food allergy among infants. Symptoms of cow's milk allergy are wide-ranging and depend on the mechanism involved. There are immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, and mixed mechanisms of food allergy. Symptoms of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy may be mild or may progress to anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Non-IgE-mediated allergy includes food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, food protein-induced enteropathy, and Heiner syndrome (pulmonary hemosiderosis). These diagnoses comprise about half of all cow's milk allergies. The most common manifestation of cow's milk allergy in infants is FPIAP. FPIAP is commonly seen in healthy, full-term infants who present with rectal bleeding and are otherwise well-appearing. This can occur in both formula-fed and exclusively breastfed infants. Food proteins secreted in maternal breast milk can contribute to the development of these symptoms. Maternal cow's milk elimination diet is often successful in helping resolve symptoms. A period of reintroduction of cow's milk resulting in re-emergence of symptoms in stable asymptomatic infants is an excellent diagnostic tool to confirm a cow's milk allergy. Preterm infants are susceptible to food allergy, as demonstrated from several case reports of necrotizing enterocolitis-like illnesses that responded clinically to cow's milk elimination. Further study is needed about food allergy in the preterm infant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Burris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, and
| | - Jonathan Burris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, and
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Whole Goat Milk as a Source of Fat and Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Infant Formula. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113486. [PMID: 33202897 PMCID: PMC7696746 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow milk is the most common dairy milk and has been extensively researched for its functional, technological and nutritional properties for a wide range of products. One such product category is infant formula, which is the most suitable alternative to feed infants, when breastfeeding is not possible. Most infant formulas are based on cow milk protein ingredients. For several reasons, consumers now seek alternatives such as goat milk, which has increasingly been used to manufacture infant, follow-on and young child formulas over the last 30 years. While similar in many aspects, compositional and functional differences exist between cow and goat milk. This offers the opportunity to explore different formulations or manufacturing options for formulas based on goat milk. The use of whole goat milk as the only source of proteins in formulas allows levels of milk fat, short and medium chain fatty acids, sn-2 palmitic acid, and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) to be maximised. These features improve the composition and microstructure of whole goat milk-based infant formula, providing similarities to the complex human milk fat globules, and have been shown to benefit digestion, and cognitive and immune development. Recent research indicates a role for milk fat and MFGM on digestive health, the gut–brain axis and the gut–skin axis. This review highlights the lipid composition of whole goat milk-based infant formula and its potential for infant nutrition to support healthy digestion, brain development and immunity. Further work is warranted on the role of these components in allergy development and the advantages of goat milk fat and MFGM for infant nutrition and health.
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Kwan SH, Wan-Ibrahim WI, Juvarajah T, Fung SY, Abdul-Rahman PS. Isolation and identification of O- and N-linked glycoproteins in milk from different mammalian species and their roles in biological pathways which support infant growth. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:233-244. [PMID: 33085102 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk serves as the sole nutrition for newborns, as well as a medium for the transfer of immunological components from the mother to the baby. This study reveals different glycoprotein profiles obtained from human, bovine, and caprine milk and their potential roles in supporting infant growth. Proteins from these three milk samples are separated and analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Glycosylated proteins from all samples are enriched by affinity chromatography using lectins from the seeds of Artocarpus integer before analysis using LC/MS-QTOF. The glycoproteome profiling demonstrates that glycosylated proteins are higher in caprine milk compared to other samples. Analysis using LC/MS-QTOF identified 42 O-glycosylated and 56 N-glycosylated proteins, respectively. Among those identified, human milk has 17 glycoproteins, which are both O- and N-glycosylated, whereas caprine and bovine have 10 and 1, respectively. Only glycoproteins from human milk have shown positive matching to important human biological pathways, such as vesicle-mediated transport, immune system and hemostasis pathways. Human milk remains unique for human babies with the presence of antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins that are lacking in ruminant milk proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hong Kwan
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Izlina Wan-Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thaneswari Juvarajah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Roy D, Ye A, Moughan PJ, Singh H. Composition, Structure, and Digestive Dynamics of Milk From Different Species-A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:577759. [PMID: 33123547 PMCID: PMC7573072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.577759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The traditional dairy-cattle-based industry is becoming increasingly diversified with milk and milk products from non-cattle dairy species. The interest in non-cattle milks has increased because there have been several anecdotal reports about the nutritional benefits of these milks and reports both of individuals tolerating and digesting some non-cattle milks better than cattle milk and of certain characteristics that non-cattle milks are thought to share in common with human milk. Thus, non-cattle milks are considered to have potential applications in infant, children, and elderly nutrition for the development of specialized products with better nutritional profiles. However, there is very little scientific information and understanding about the digestion behavior of non-cattle milks. Scope and Approach: The general properties of some non-cattle milks, in comparison with human and cattle milks, particularly focusing on their protein profile, fat composition, hypoallergenic potential, and digestibility, are reviewed. The coagulation behaviors of different milks in the stomach and their impact on the rates of protein and fat digestion are reviewed in detail. Key findings and Conclusions: Milk from different species vary in composition, structure, and physicochemical properties. This may be a key factor in their different digestion behaviors. The curds formed in the stomach during the gastric digestion of some non-cattle milks are considered to be relatively softer than those formed from cattle milk, which is thought to contribute to the degree to which non-cattle milks can be easily digested or tolerated. The rates of protein and fat delivery to the small intestine are likely to be a function of the macro- and micro-structure of the curd formed in the stomach, which in turn is affected by factors such as casein composition, fat globule and casein micelle size distribution, and protein-to-fat ratio. However, as no information on the coagulation behavior of non-cattle milks in the human stomach is available, in-depth scientific studies are needed in order to understand the impact of compositional and structural differences on the digestive dynamics of milk from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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16
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Differences in the immunoreactivity of milk from local farms and from points of purchase. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Talarico V, Mazza G, Rubino M, Monti G, Giancotti L, Bua A, Mohamed AM, Miniero R. Camel milk: a possible alternative for children with cow's milk allergy? Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2019; 73:289-293. [PMID: 31692312 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.19.05632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk protein allergy (CwMPA) is the most common food allergy during early childhood and its therapy consists in the elimination of cow's milk proteins (CwMP) from the diet and the introduction of alternative formulas. Evidence about clinical use of camel's milk (CM) in CwMPA in children is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the entity of cross-sensitization between CM and CwM in children with CwMPA. METHODS This prospective study was performed in children affected by CwMPA. We evaluated skin prick tests (SPT) for CwM, CwMP (alpha-lactalbumin [ALA], beta-lactoglobulin [BLG] and casein [CAS]) and CM and serum levels of CwM, ALA, BLG, CAS-sIgE. RESULTS Sixty-seven children with CwMPA were included in this study: twenty-one resulted SPT+ to CM. Mean wheal diameters towards raw CwM, ALA, BLG and CAS resulted significantly larger in the CM SPT+ group than in the CM SPT- group (P<0.02). Likewise, mean IgE titers against CwM, ALA and CAS were significantly higher in the CM SPT+ group than in the CM SPT-group (P<0.01). The mean wheal diameter towards raw CwM was significantly larger than that towards CM (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the presence of cross-sensitization between CwM and CM that remains lower if compared to other mammalian milks. Small wheals at the SPT towards CwM antigens together with low IgE titers against them could work as predictors in selecting patients that are expected to have negative CM SPT and then could be fed with CM with lower risks of allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Talarico
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Rubino
- Unit of Pediatrics, Ospedale Bolognini di Seriate, Seriate, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Monti
- Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Giancotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Adriana Bua
- Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Miniero
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Nachshon L, Goldberg MR, Levy MB, Epstein-Rigbi N, Appel MY, Katz Y, Elizur A. Cross-desensitization to goat and sheep milk following cow's milk oral immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 8:358-360.e3. [PMID: 31425836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Nachshon
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Department of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Michael R Goldberg
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Michael B Levy
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Naama Epstein-Rigbi
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Michael Y Appel
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Arnon Elizur
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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19
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Vandenplas Y, Al-Hussaini B, Al-Mannaei K, Al-Sunaid A, Helmi Ayesh W, El-Degeir M, El-Kabbany N, Haddad J, Hashmi A, Kreishan F, Tawfik E. Prevention of Allergic Sensitization and Treatment of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Early Life: The Middle-East Step-Down Consensus. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071444. [PMID: 31248015 PMCID: PMC6683055 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy risk has become a significant public health issue with increasing prevalence. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, but this recommendation is poorly adhered to in many parts of the world, including the Middle-East region, putting infants at risk of developing allergic sensitization and disorders. When breastfeeding is not possible or not adequate, a partially hydrolyzed whey formula (pHF-W) has shown proven benefits of preventing allergy, mainly atopic eczema, in children with a genetic risk. Therefore, besides stimulating breastfeeding, early identification of infants at risk for developing atopic disease and replacing commonly used formula based on intact cow milk protein (CMP) with a clinically proven pHF-W formula is of paramount importance for allergy prevention. If the child is affected by cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), expert guidelines recommend extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF), or an amino acid formula (AAF) in case of severe symptoms. The Middle-East region has a unique practice of utilizing pHF-W as a step-down between eHF or AAF and intact CMP, which could be of benefit. The region is very heterogeneous with different levels of clinical practice, and as allergic disorders may be seen by healthcare professionals of different specialties with different levels of expertise, there is a great variability in preventive and treatment approaches within the region itself. During a consensus meeting, a new approach was discussed and unanimously approved by all participants, introducing the use of pHF-W in the therapeutic management of CMPA. This novel approach could be of worldwide benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrijne Unversiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bakr Al-Hussaini
- Department of Paediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled Al-Mannaei
- Department of Paediatrics, Al Salam International Hospital, Dasma 35151, Kuwait.
| | - Areej Al-Sunaid
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wafaa Helmi Ayesh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Dubai Health Authority, PO Box 4545 Dubai, UAE.
| | - Manal El-Degeir
- Department of Paediatrics, National Guard Hospital, Dammam 31412, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nevine El-Kabbany
- Department of Paediatrics, Mediclinic Welcare Hospital, PO Box 31500 Dubai, UAE.
| | - Joseph Haddad
- Department of Paediatrics, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, PO Box 166378 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aziza Hashmi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City-Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Furat Kreishan
- Department of Paediatrics, Alhakeem Furat Clinic, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Eslam Tawfik
- Department of Paediatrics, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, PO Box 51900 Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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20
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Klockars A, Wood EL, Gartner SN, McColl LK, Levine AS, Carpenter EA, Prosser CG, Olszewski PK. Palatability of Goat's versus Cow's Milk: Insights from the Analysis of Eating Behavior and Gene Expression in the Appetite-Relevant Brain Circuit in Laboratory Animal Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040720. [PMID: 30925727 PMCID: PMC6520687 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Goat's (GM) and cow's milk (CM) are dietary alternatives with select health benefits shown in human and animal studies. Surprisingly, no systematic analysis of palatability or preference for GM vs. CM has been performed to date. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of short-term intake and palatability profiles of GM and CM in laboratory mice and rats. We studied consumption in no-choice and choice scenarios, including meal microstructure, and by using isocaloric milks and milk-enriched solid diets. Feeding results are accompanied by qPCR data of relevant genes in the energy balance-related hypothalamus and brain stem, and in the nucleus accumbens, which regulates eating for palatability. We found that GM and CM are palatable to juvenile, adult, and aged rodents. Given a choice, animals prefer GM- to CM-based diets. Analysis of meal microstructure using licking patterns points to enhanced palatability of and, possibly, greater motivation toward GM over CM. Most profound changes in gene expression after GM vs. CM were associated with the brain systems driving consumption for reward. We conclude that, while both GM and CM are palatable, GM is preferred over CM by laboratory animals, and this preference is driven by central mechanisms controlling eating for pleasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Klockars
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Erin L Wood
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Sarah N Gartner
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Laura K McColl
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Allen S Levine
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA.
| | | | - Colin G Prosser
- Dairy Goat Cooperative (NZ) Ltd., Hamilton 3206, New Zealand.
| | - Pawel K Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA.
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21
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The impact of organic vs. inorganic selenium on dairy goat productivity and expression of selected genes in milk somatic cells. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:48-54. [PMID: 30758279 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029919000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diet supplemented with selenized yeast (Se-yeast) on milk yield and milk composition of goats and expression of casein and mammary-gland-immune system genes in milk somatic cells (MSC). Twenty-four dairy goats in their second to fourth lactations were divided into control and experimental groups, balanced according to lactation number and breed (Polish White or Fawn Improved). Morning milk and blood samples were collected four times during lactation (on the 21st, 70th, 120th, 180th day after kidding). The control and experimental groups were fed diets with 0.7 mg inorganic Se/goat/day (sodium selenite) or 0.6 mg organic Se/goat/day (selenized yeast), respectively. Milk, fat and protein yields during lactation as well as average somatic cell count, fat, protein and lactose contents in milk were evaluated. Microelements in milk and blood serum and biochemical parameters in blood serum were determined at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The expression levels of the genes encoding αS1-casein (CSN1S1), αS2-casein (CSN1S2), κ-casein (CSN3), interleukin 8 (IL-8), serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), bactenecin 7.5 (BAC7.5), bactenecin 5 (BAC5), β2-defensin (GBD2), hepcidin (HAMP), chemokine 4 (CCL4), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), cathelicidin-7 (MAP34) and cathelicidin-6 (MAP28) were determined in MSC. Milk, fat, and protein yields were higher and somatic cell count (SCC expressed as natural logarithm) was lower in the milk of goats fed organic Se. The Se concentration in milk was twice as high in the organic vs. inorganic treatment groups at the end of the experiment, while there were no differences in studied biochemical parameters between groups. The transcript levels of CSN1S2 and BAC7.5 were higher and IL-8 was lower in MSC of Se-yeast treated groups. Such results may indicate better health status of mammary glands of goats treated with organic Se as well as positive impact of selenized yeast on the goat's milk composition. Differences in the IL-1β and IL-8 transcript levels were also noted between the stages of lactation, with the highest expression at the peak of lactation (day 70), highlighting the metabolic burden at this time. We concluded that the Se-yeast supplementation improved the productivity and health status of goats and could have significant economic impact on farmer's income.
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22
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Goh SH, Chong KW, Loh W, Goh AEN. Goat's milk anaphylaxis in a cow's milk tolerant child. Asia Pac Allergy 2019; 9:e34. [PMID: 31720245 PMCID: PMC6826113 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2019.9.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat's milk (GM) allergy commonly occurs together with cow's milk (CM) allergy due to cross-reactivity between highly homologous proteins. We present an unusual case of GM anaphylaxis in a CM tolerant child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hui Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kok Wee Chong
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wenyin Loh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anne Eng Neo Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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23
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Comparison of the Allergenicity and Immunogenicity of Camel and Cow's Milk-A Study in Brown Norway Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121903. [PMID: 30518040 PMCID: PMC6315711 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: When breastfeeding is impossible or insufficient, the use of cow’s milk-based hypoallergenic infant formulas is an option for infants suffering from or at risk of developing cow’s milk allergy. As the Camelidae family has a large evolutionary distance to the Bovidae family and as camel milk differs from cow’s milk protein composition, there is a growing interest in investigating the suitability of camel milk as an alternative to cow’s milk-based hypoallergenic infant formulas. Methods: The aim of the study was to compare the allergenicity and immunogenicity of camel and cow’s milk as well as investigating their cross-reactivity using a Brown Norway rat model. Rats were immunised intraperitoneally with one of four products: camel milk, cow’s milk, cow’s milk casein or cow’s milk whey fraction. Immunogenicity, sensitising capacity, antibody avidity and cross-reactivity were evaluated by means of different ELISAs. The eliciting capacity was evaluated by an ear swelling test. Results: Camel and cow’s milk showed similarity in their inherent immunogenicity, sensitising and eliciting capacity. Results show that there was a lower cross-reactivity between caseins than between whey proteins from camel and cow’s milk. Conclusions: The study showed that camel and cow’s milk have a low cross-reactivity, indicating a low protein similarity. Results demonstrate that camel milk could be a promising alternative to cow’s milk-based hypoallergenic infant formulas.
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24
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FARIA DPBD, CORTEZ APB, SPERIDIÃO PDGL, MORAIS MBD. Knowledge and practice of pediatricians and nutritionists regarding treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy in infants. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the knowledge and practices of pediatricians and nutritionists about cow’s milk protein allergy in infants, with an emphasis on issues related to the exclusion diet and nutritional status. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed with a convenience sample of 204 pediatricians and 202 nutritionists randomly invited in scientific events in the city of São Paulo, from November 2014 to March 2016. Results Between 1.5% and 21.0% of respondents indicated inadequate products for the treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy, including goat’s milk, beverages or juices based on soy extract, lactose-free milk formula and partially hydrolyzed formula. The daily calcium recommendation for children between zero and 36 months of age was correctly indicated by 27.0% of pediatricians and 46.0% of nutritionists (p=0.001). Additionally, 96.1% of pediatricians and 82.7% of dietitians (p<0.001) provided guidance on about labels of industrialized products. Conclusion Pediatricians and nutritionists present gaps in knowledge about cow’s milk protein allergy treatment in infants and educational strategies that increase the knowledge of the professionals are important for the management of cow’s milk protein allergy.
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25
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Taniuchi S, Takahashi M, Soejima K, Hatano Y, Minami H. Immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2443-2451. [PMID: 28825866 PMCID: PMC5647979 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1353845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is used regularly for young children with cow's milk (CM) allergy and has been shown to be effective in several studies. However, adverse events occur frequently during OIT. Furthermore, there are only 5 randomized controlled trial studies of CM-OIT and these are low-powered single center trials. Therefore, evidence levels are also low and sometimes frequent and severe allergic events occur during the OIT. Furthermore, there are no standardized protocols in pediatric allergy guidelines from several countries and studies with long-term follow-up observations and clinical tolerance defined as sustained unresponsiveness are rare. Additionally, clinical tolerance by OIT is generally not well defined and obscure. Thus, several problems remain to be resolved, however we hope OIT in combination with omalizumab and less allergenic heated CM products will resolve these problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Taniuchi
- a Department of Pediatrics , Takatsuki General Hospital , Osaka , Japan.,b Department of Pediatrics , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- b Department of Pediatrics , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kazukiko Soejima
- b Department of Pediatrics , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yasuko Hatano
- b Department of Pediatrics , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hirotaka Minami
- a Department of Pediatrics , Takatsuki General Hospital , Osaka , Japan
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26
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Crowther JM, Allison JR, Smolenski GA, Hodgkinson AJ, Jameson GB, Dobson RCJ. The self-association and thermal denaturation of caprine and bovine β-lactoglobulin. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 47:739-750. [PMID: 29663020 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Milk components, such as proteins and lipids, have different physicochemical properties depending upon the mammalian species from which they come. Understanding the different responses of these milks to digestion, processing, and differences in their immunogenicity requires detailed knowledge of these physicochemical properties. Here we report on the oligomeric state of β-lactoglobulin from caprine milk, the most abundant protein present in the whey fraction. At pH 2.5 caprine β-lactoglobulin is predominantly monomeric, whereas bovine β-lactoglobulin exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium at the same protein concentrations. This behaviour was also observed in molecular dynamics simulations and can be rationalised in terms of the amino acid substitutions present between caprine and bovine β-lactoglobulin that result in a greater positive charge on each subunit of caprine β-lactoglobulin at low pH. The denaturation of β-lactoglobulin when milk is heat-treated contributes to the fouling of heat-exchange surfaces, reducing yields and increasing cleaning costs. The bovine and caprine orthologues of β-lactoglobulin display different responses to thermal treatment, with caprine β-lactoglobulin precipitating at higher pH values than bovine β-lactoglobulin (pH 7.1 compared to pH 5.6) that are closer to the natural pH of these milks (pH 6.7). This property of caprine β-lactoglobulin likely contributes to the reduced heat stability of caprine milk compared to bovine milk at its natural pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Crowther
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jane R Allison
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Grant A Smolenski
- Food and Bio-Based Products, AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- MS3 Solutions Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Hodgkinson
- Food and Bio-Based Products, AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey B Jameson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PO Box 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Pham MN, Wang J. Mammalian milk allergy: case presentation and review of prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118:406-410. [PMID: 28390582 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ngoc Pham
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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28
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D'Apolito M, Campanozzi A, Giardino I, Pettoello-Mantovani M. Levels of inflammatory cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with cow's milk protein allergy. Turk Arch Pediatr 2017; 52:208-212. [PMID: 29483800 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2017.6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the level of cytokines in cultures of cow's milk protein- stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cow's milk protein allergy. Material and Methods Eleven children with cow's milk protein allergy and 11 non-allergic controls were studied. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured alone and in the presence of cow's milk α-lactalbumin; β-lactoglobulin; αS 1, αS 2, β, and κ-casein fraction mixtures; and a cow's protein mixture from whole milk. Production of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 were determined in culture supernatants. Results In cow's milk protein-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of children with cow's milk protein allergy, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 production was significantly higher than in non-allergic controls (p<0.05). No difference in cytokine production was found between cultures obtained from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of both cow's milk protein allergy and non-allergic controls. Conclusions The findings of this preliminary study align with data from the literature suggesting that the investigation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 in cow's milk protein-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of children may be taken in further consideration to explore whether they might have a predictive role for cow's milk protein allergy. Further studies are therefore needed to extensively investigate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Apolito
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ida Giardino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,University Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Italy.,European Paediatric Association/Union of National Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany
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Villa C, Costa J, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. Bovine Milk Allergens: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 17:137-164. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
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30
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Andorf S, Borres MP, Block W, Tupa D, Bollyky JB, Sampath V, Elizur A, Lidholm J, Jones JE, Galli SJ, Chinthrajah RS, Nadeau KC. Association of Clinical Reactivity with Sensitization to Allergen Components in Multifood-Allergic Children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:1325-1334.e4. [PMID: 28351786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thirty percent of children with food allergies have multiple simultaneous allergies; however, the features of these multiple allergies are not well characterized serologically or clinically. OBJECTIVE We comprehensively evaluated 60 multifood-allergic patients by measuring serum IgE to key allergen components, evaluating clinical histories and medication use, performing skin tests, and conducting double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs). METHODS Sixty participants with multiple food allergies were characterized by clinical history, DBPCFCs, total IgE, specific IgE, and component-resolved diagnostics (IgE and IgG4) data. The food allergens tested were almond, egg, milk, sesame, peanut, pecan, walnut, hazelnut, cashew, pistachio, soy, and wheat. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that of the reactions observed during a graded DBPCFC, gastrointestinal reactions occurred more often in boys than in girls, as well as in individuals with high levels of IgE to 2S albumins from cashew, walnut, and hazelnut. Certain food allergies often occurred concomitantly in individuals (ie, cashew/pistachio and walnut/pecan/hazelnut). IgE testing to components further corroborated serological relationships between and among these clustered food allergies. CONCLUSIONS Associations of certain food allergies were shown by DBPCFC outcomes as well as by correlations in IgE reactivity to structurally related food allergen components. Each of these criteria independently demonstrated a significant association between allergies to cashew and pistachio, as well as among allergies to walnut, pecan, and hazelnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Andorf
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Immunodiagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Whitney Block
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Dana Tupa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jennifer B Bollyky
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Arnon Elizur
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jonas Lidholm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Immunodiagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph E Jones
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Immunodiagnostics, Kalamazoo, Mich
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Rebecca S Chinthrajah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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31
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Zhu H, Hu L, Liu J, Chen H, Cui C, Song Y, Jin Y, Zhang Y. Generation of β-lactoglobulin-modified transgenic goats by homologous recombination. FEBS J 2016; 283:4600-4613. [PMID: 27917606 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a dominant allergen present in the milk of goats and other ungulates, although it is not found in human breast milk. Thus, the presence of BLG restricts the consumption of goat's milk by humans. In the present study, we examined whether the disruption of the BLG gene in goats by homologous recombination (HR) reduced BLG content in goat's milk and decreased the allergic response to milk. In one approach, exon 2 of the BLG gene was efficiently targeted using HR with a BLG knockout vector. In a second approach to disrupt BLG gene expression and drive exogenous human α-lactalbumin (hLA) gene expression, two hLA knock-in constructs were used to target exons 1-4 of the BLG gene via HR, and expression of hLA was then confirmed in goat mammary epithelial cells in vitro. The recombinant clones from both approaches were then used for somatic cell nuclear transfer, generating two transgenic goats possessing a BLG knockout allele or site-specific hLA integration allele. Milk assays demonstrated a reduction in BLG levels in both the BLG knockout and hLA knock-in goats; furthermore, hLA was present in the hLA knock-in goat's milk. Allergenic analysis in mice indicated that the transgenic goat's milk was less allergenic than wild-type goat's milk. These results support the development of gene-targeted animals as an effective tool for reducing allergic reactions to milk and improving nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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32
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Kazatsky AM, Wood RA. Classification of Food Allergens and Cross-Reactivity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:22. [PMID: 26874850 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with specific food allergies are commonly sensitized to related foods, for example, shrimp with other shellfish and peanut with other legumes. In some instances, this represents a true allergy to the related food, defined as cross-reactivity, while in other instances, it represents a positive skin or IgE test only, in a patient who can eat the related food without difficulty. This is defined as cross-sensitization. It is extremely important that the clinician recognize these patterns of cross-sensitization and cross-reactivity, both to counsel patients on foods that should be avoided and to make sure that foods are not unnecessarily restricted from the diet. In fact, it is very common for patients to be instructed to avoid entire food groups based just on positive tests, which leads to unnecessary dietary restrictions with effects on food choices, nutrition, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Kazatsky
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Robert A Wood
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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34
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Matricardi PM, Kleine-Tebbe J, Hoffmann HJ, Valenta R, Hilger C, Hofmaier S, Aalberse RC, Agache I, Asero R, Ballmer-Weber B, Barber D, Beyer K, Biedermann T, Bilò MB, Blank S, Bohle B, Bosshard PP, Breiteneder H, Brough HA, Caraballo L, Caubet JC, Crameri R, Davies JM, Douladiris N, Ebisawa M, EIgenmann PA, Fernandez-Rivas M, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G, Glatz M, Hamilton RG, Hawranek T, Hellings P, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Jakob T, Jappe U, Jutel M, Kamath SD, Knol EF, Korosec P, Kuehn A, Lack G, Lopata AL, Mäkelä M, Morisset M, Niederberger V, Nowak-Węgrzyn AH, Papadopoulos NG, Pastorello EA, Pauli G, Platts-Mills T, Posa D, Poulsen LK, Raulf M, Sastre J, Scala E, Schmid JM, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, van Hage M, van Ree R, Vieths S, Weber R, Wickman M, Muraro A, Ollert M. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27 Suppl 23:1-250. [PMID: 27288833 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The availability of allergen molecules ('components') from several protein families has advanced our understanding of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses and enabled 'component-resolved diagnosis' (CRD). The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Molecular Allergology User's Guide (MAUG) provides comprehensive information on important allergens and describes the diagnostic options using CRD. Part A of the EAACI MAUG introduces allergen molecules, families, composition of extracts, databases, and diagnostic IgE, skin, and basophil tests. Singleplex and multiplex IgE assays with components improve both sensitivity for low-abundance allergens and analytical specificity; IgE to individual allergens can yield information on clinical risks and distinguish cross-reactivity from true primary sensitization. Part B discusses the clinical and molecular aspects of IgE-mediated allergies to foods (including nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, milk, egg, meat, fish, and shellfish), inhalants (pollen, mold spores, mites, and animal dander), and Hymenoptera venom. Diagnostic algorithms and short case histories provide useful information for the clinical workup of allergic individuals targeted for CRD. Part C covers protein families containing ubiquitous, highly cross-reactive panallergens from plant (lipid transfer proteins, polcalcins, PR-10, profilins) and animal sources (lipocalins, parvalbumins, serum albumins, tropomyosins) and explains their diagnostic and clinical utility. Part D lists 100 important allergen molecules. In conclusion, IgE-mediated reactions and allergic diseases, including allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, food reactions, and insect sting reactions, are discussed from a novel molecular perspective. The EAACI MAUG documents the rapid progression of molecular allergology from basic research to its integration into clinical practice, a quantum leap in the management of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Matricardi
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic Ackermann, Hanf, & Kleine-Tebbe, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Hoffmann
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Hilger
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - S Hofmaier
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - R C Aalberse
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Agache
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - R Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - B Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Barber
- IMMA-School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Beyer
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M B Bilò
- Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Bohle
- Division of Experimental Allergology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P P Bosshard
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H A Brough
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, The University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - J C Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Crameri
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - J M Davies
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - N Douladiris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - M Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergology and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - P A EIgenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Fernandez-Rivas
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Ferreira
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Gadermaier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Glatz
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - R G Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Hawranek
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - U Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Centre Borstel, Airway Research Centre North (ARCN), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Division, Department of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, 'ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S D Kamath
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville City, Qld, Australia
| | - E F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Korosec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - A Kuehn
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - G Lack
- King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A L Lopata
- Department of Clinical Immunology, 'ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Morisset
- National Service of Immuno-Allergology, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, UK
| | - V Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A H Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N G Papadopoulos
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E A Pastorello
- Unit of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pauli
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Platts-Mills
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D Posa
- Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - L K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - J Sastre
- Allergy Division, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Scala
- Experimental Allergy Unit, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - J M Schmid
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vieths
- Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - R Weber
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health Service, Denver, CO, USA
| | - M Wickman
- Sachs' Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Muraro
- The Referral Centre for Food Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment Veneto Region, Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M Ollert
- Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Leonard SA, Caubet JC, Kim JS, Groetch M, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Baked milk- and egg-containing diet in the management of milk and egg allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 3:13-23; quiz 24. [PMID: 25577613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk (CM) and hen's egg allergies are among the most common food allergies in children. With evidence of increasing food allergy prevalence and more persistent disease, it has become vital to improve the management of CM and egg allergies. The ability to tolerate baked milk or egg, such as in a cake or muffin, has been associated with an increased chance of tolerance development. Studies report that about 70% of CM- and egg-allergic children can tolerate baked milk or egg and that incorporating baked milk or egg into the diet is well tolerated. Being able to add baked milk or egg into the diet can also increase quality of life by expanding the diet, boosting nutrition, and promoting inclusion in social activities. There is some debate over how baked milk and egg should be introduced, at home or in a supervised setting. Anaphylaxis and treatment with epinephrine during baked milk or egg challenges have been reported. Study of potential biomarkers to predict tolerability of baked milk and egg, such as serum specific IgE levels and skin prick test wheal diameters, is ongoing. Many parents can reliably report that their CM- or egg-allergic child is already consuming baked goods without symptoms. However, for those who cannot report such tolerance, the most prudent approach is to perform a supervised oral food challenge to determine the tolerability of baked milk and egg. The purpose of this article was to review the pathophysiology, clinical data, and safety of baked milk and egg and provide a practical guide to managing CM allergy and/or egg allergy. Recipes for baked milk and egg challenges and guidance on how to add baked milk and egg if tolerated to the child's regular diet are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Department of Child and Adolescent, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marion Groetch
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY
| | - Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY.
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Xu M, Wang Y, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang J. Comparison of growth and nutritional status in infants receiving goat milk-based formula and cow milk-based formula: a randomized, double-blind study. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:28613. [PMID: 26652603 PMCID: PMC4676839 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.28613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the growth and nutritional status of infants fed goat milk–based formula (GMF) and cow milk–based formula (CMF). Methods The study was conducted in Beijing, China. It was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 79 infants aged 0–3 months old were recruited and randomized in GMF or CMF group. The infants were fed the allocated formula to 6 months. The weight, length, and head circumference were measured at the enrolment, 3 and 6 months. The start time and types of solid food were recorded. Blood elements, urinal, and fecal parameters were also tested. Results The average weight of infants in the GMF group (mean±SD) was 4.67±0.99 kg and in the CMF group 4.73±1.10 kg at enrolment, and 8.75±0.98 kg (GMF) and 8.92±0.88 kg (CMF) at 6 months. There were no differences in the adjusted intention-to-treat analyses of weight, length, head circumference, and BMI z-scores between the two formula-fed groups over the 6-month study. Similarly, there were no remarkable differences in the timing and types of solid food, blood elements, urinal, and feces parameters, between the GMF and CMF group. No group differences have been shown in bowel motion consistency, duration of crying, ease of settling, or frequency of adverse events. Conclusions GMF-provided growth and nutritional outcomes did not differ from those provided by CMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Dai
- Ausnutria Hyproca Dairy Group BV, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China;
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37
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Iwamoto H, Matsubara T, Nakazato Y, Namba K, Takeda Y. Evaluation of the antigenicity of hydrolyzed cow's milk protein formulas using the mouse basophil activation test. Toxicol Lett 2015; 242:53-59. [PMID: 26626100 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoallergenic infant formulas are widely used for infants with cow's milk allergy. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the mouse basophil activation test (BAT) in the evaluation of residual antigenicity in these formulas. Whole blood samples derived from β-lactoglobulin- or casein-immunized mice were incubated with one of the following formulas: conventional, partially hydrolyzed, or extensively hydrolyzed. Basophilic activation was analyzed by flow cytometry using an IgE-dependent activation marker CD200R1 and an IgG-dependent activation marker CD200R3. Systemic anaphylaxis was induced by i.v. injection of milk formula and results were compared. Conventional formula induced pronounced changes in CD200R1 and CD200R3 expression on basophils, whereas extensively hydrolyzed formulas did not elicit any changes in these markers. Similarly, challenge with conventional formula induced anaphylaxis, whereas extensively hydrolyzed formulas did not induce anaphylaxis. Although the partially hydrolyzed formula also induced basophilic activation and systemic anaphylaxis, the magnitude of these effects was smaller than that observed with the conventional formula. Compared to CD200R1, the observed trend in CD200R3 expression resembled the results obtained from systemic anaphylaxis test more closely. These findings show that mouse BAT, in particular using CD200R3, is highly useful for the evaluation of antigenicity of milk formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakazato
- Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Namba
- Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
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Assessment of goat milk adulteration with a label-free monolithically integrated optoelectronic biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3995-4004. [PMID: 25796524 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The label-free detection of bovine milk in goat milk through a miniaturized optical biosensor is presented. The biosensor consists of ten planar silicon nitride waveguide Broad-Band Mach-Zehnder interferometers (BB-MZIs) monolithically integrated and self-aligned with their respective silicon LEDs on the same Si chip. The BB-MZIs were transformed to biosensing transducers by functionalizing their sensing arm with bovine k-casein. Measurements were performed by continuously recording the transmission spectra of each interferometer through an external spectrometer. The amount of bovine milk in goat milk was determined through a competitive immunoassay by passing over the sensor mixtures of anti-k-casein antibodies with the calibrators or the samples. The output spectra of each BB-MZI recorded during the reaction were subjected to Discrete Fourier Transform in order to convert the observed spectral shifts to phase shifts in the wavenumber domain. The method had a detection limit of 0.04 % (v/v) bovine milk in goat milk, dynamic range 0.1-1.0 % (v/v), recoveries 93-110 %, and intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation less than 12 and 15 %, respectively. The proposed biosensor compared well in terms of analytical performance with a competitive ELISA developed using the same monoclonal antibodies. Nevertheless, the duration of the biosensor assay was 10 min whereas the ELISA required 2 h. Thus, the fast and sensitive determinations along with the small size of the sensor make it ideal for incorporation into portable devices for assessment of goat or ewe's milk adulteration with bovine milk at the point-of-need.
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Hazebrouck S, Ah-Leung S, Bidat E, Paty E, Drumare MF, Tilleul S, Adel-Patient K, Wal JM, Bernard H. Goat's milk allergy without cow's milk allergy: suppression of non-cross-reactive epitopes on caprine β-casein. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:602-10. [PMID: 24372684 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Goat's milk (GM) allergy associated with tolerance to cow's milk (CM) has been reported in patients without history of CM allergy and in CM-allergic children successfully treated with oral immunotherapy. The IgE antibodies from GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients recognize caprine β-casein (βcap) without cross-reacting with bovine β-casein (βbov) despite a sequence identity of 91%. In this study, we investigated the non-cross-reactive IgE-binding epitopes of βcap. METHODS Recombinant βcap was genetically modified by substituting caprine domains with the bovine counterparts and by performing site-directed mutagenesis. We then evaluated the recognition of modified βcap by IgE antibodies from 11 GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients and 11 CM-allergic patients or by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against caprine caseins. The allergenic potency of modified βcap was finally assessed by degranulation tests of humanized rat basophil leukaemia (RBL)-SX38 cells. RESULTS Non-cross-reactive epitopes of βcap were found in domains 44-88 and 130-178. The substitutions A55T/T63P/L75P and P148H/S152P induced the greatest decrease in IgE reactivity of GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients towards βcap. The pivotal role of threonine 63 was particularly revealed as its substitution also impaired the recognition of βcap by specific mAb, which could discriminate between βcap and βbov. The modified βcap containing the five substitutions was then unable to trigger the degranulation of RBL-SX38 cells passively sensitized with IgE antibodies from GM-allergic/CM-tolerant patients. CONCLUSIONS Although IgE-binding epitopes are spread all over βcap, a non-cross-linking version of βcap was generated with only five amino acid substitutions and could thus provide new insight for the design of hypoallergenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hazebrouck
- INRA, UR 496, Unité d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Luyt D, Ball H, Makwana N, Green MR, Bravin K, Nasser SM, Clark AT. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:642-72. [PMID: 24588904 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This guideline advises on the management of patients with cow's milk allergy. Cow's milk allergy presents in the first year of life with estimated population prevalence between 2% and 3%. The clinical manifestations of cow's milk allergy are very variable in type and severity making it the most difficult food allergy to diagnose. A careful age- and disease-specific history with relevant allergy tests including detection of milk-specific IgE (by skin prick test or serum assay), diagnostic elimination diet, and oral challenge will aid in diagnosis in most cases. Treatment is advice on cow's milk avoidance and suitable substitute milks. Cow's milk allergy often resolves. Reintroduction can be achieved by the graded exposure, either at home or supervised in hospital depending on severity, using a milk ladder. Where cow's milk allergy persists, novel treatment options may include oral tolerance induction, although most authors do not currently recommend it for routine clinical practice. Cow's milk allergy must be distinguished from primary lactose intolerance. This guideline was prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) and is intended for clinicians in secondary and tertiary care. The recommendations are evidence based, but where evidence is lacking the panel of experts in the committee reached consensus. Grades of recommendation are shown throughout. The document encompasses epidemiology, natural history, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luyt
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, James J, Jones S, Lang D, Nadeau K, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Oppenheimer J, Perry TT, Randolph C, Sicherer SH, Simon RA, Vickery BP, Wood R, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy J, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles SA, Wallace D, Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, James J, Jones S, Lang D, Nadeau K, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Oppenheimer J, Perry TT, Randolph C, Sicherer SH, Simon RA, Vickery BP, Wood R. Food allergy: a practice parameter update-2014. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1016-25.e43. [PMID: 25174862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This parameter was developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (JCAAI). The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Food Allergy: A practice parameter update-2014." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing one, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, ACAAI, and JCAAI. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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Allergy to goat and sheep cheese with tolerance to cow's milk and its derivatives. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2014; 42:186-90. [PMID: 23253687 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present two adult and three paediatric patients who had allergic reactions after cheese ingestion and subsequently tolerated cow's milk derivatives. The objective of this study was to determine possible cross-reactivity between different types of cheese. METHODS Skin tests were performed to cow's milk fractions, and prick-prick tests for goat, sheep and cow cheese. Specific IgE to the fractions of cow's milk and cow, sheep and goat cheese was analysed. The protein profile of cow, sheep and goat cheese extracts was determined by SDS-PAGE and the allergenic profile by immunoblot. Cross-reactivity was investigated by immunoblot inhibition. RESULTS Skin tests were positive for casein in the patients. The prick-prick tests were positive for the three cheeses in patients 1 and 4, for goat and sheep cheese in patients 2 and 3, and for sheep cheese in patient 5. The specific IgE test was positive in patients 1, 3 and 4 for goat and sheep cheese, and negative in patients 2 and 5. Serum 3 and 4 clearly recognised goat and sheep cheese extracts. Goat casein was almost completely inhibited with sheep casein and partially inhibited with goat and sheep serum proteins, while there was no inhibition with cow cheese. Sheep casein was totally inhibited with sheep serum proteins. Sheep casein was inhibited with goat and cow caseins, suggesting cross-reactivity among the three types of cheese. CONCLUSIONS We showed sensitisation to goat and sheep cheese in two patients, and only to sheep cheese in another two of the studied patients.
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Lisson M, Novak N, Erhardt G. Immunoglobulin E epitope mapping by microarray immunoassay reveals differences in immune response to genetic variants of caseins from different ruminant species. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1939-54. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Heating does not decrease immunogenicity of goat's and ewe's milk. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2013; 1:418-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Olumee-Shabon Z, Swain T, Smith E, Tall E, Boehmer J. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in caprine milk during experimentally induced endotoxin mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:2903-12. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Olumee-Shabon Z, Boehmer JL. Detection of casein phosphopeptides in goat milk. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3034-41. [PMID: 23586903 DOI: 10.1021/pr3010666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to profile casein phosphopeptides in goat milk, to accurately determine the site of phosphorylation, and to evaluate whether or not any of the casein phosphorylation patterns were specific to a given physiological condition. Goat milk, collected before and after experimental induction of endotoxin mastitis, was separated by SDS-PAGE. Casein bands were digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were analyzed by nLC-MS/MS. Eight out of nine predicted tryptic phosphopeptides corresponding to 18 different phosphorylation sites were detected in αS1-, αS2-, and β-casein. Characterization of the phosphorylation sites illustrated the capability of tandem MS to accurately localize phosphorylated residues among a number of other putative sites. Despite an apparent lower abundance, almost all of the phosphopeptides were also detected in milk samples obtained from the goats following experimental induction of endotoxin mastitis. However, a tetra-phosphopeptide in αS2-casein was only observed in the milk samples obtained from healthy animals. The absence of this multiphosphopeptide in the mastitic goat milk samples could indicate changes in phosphorylation as a result of disease and potentially be used as a marker for milk quality. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of casein phosphoproteome and reveals a much higher level of phosphorylation than previously demonstrated in goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Olumee-Shabon
- US Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States.
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Abstract
CONTEXT : Food allergy plays a significant pathogenic role among children with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE : The aims of this study were to evaluate allergy to egg in these children and determine the egg specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) cutoff point. DESIGN AND SETTING : It was a cross-sectional study that took place at Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute from 2005 to 2007. METHODS : Children younger than 14 years old with AD entered the study. Careful medical histories were taken and skin prick and Immuno-CAP tests with the most commonly offending foods (cow's milk, egg, wheat, peanut, and soy) were performed. Children with a clear, positive history of food allergy and a positive IgE-mediated test or those with positive responses to both IgE-mediated tests were determined to have food allergies. The egg-specific IgE level cutoff point was determined. RESULTS : A hundred patients entered the study (from 2 months to 12 years old). They were divided into 3 age groups: first <2 years, second from 2 to <6 years, and third from 6 to 14 years. The most common food allergens were egg (39.22%) in the first, cow's milk (35.13%) and egg (32.43%) in the second, and peanut (25%) and egg (16.67%) in the third group. The egg-specific IgE cutoff point value was 0.62 kUA/L (kilounits of allergen-specific IgE per liter). The positive predictive value was 95%. CONCLUSION : Prevalence of egg allergy is highly significant in patients with AD.To use egg-specific IgE level cutoff point, the patient population under study must be considered.
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Cunsolo V, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Foti S. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the monitoring of she-donkey's milk contamination or adulteration. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:148-153. [PMID: 23378086 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Donkey's milk (DM), representing a safe and alternative food in both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy, can be categorized as precious pharma-food. Moreover, an economically relevant interest for the use of DM in cosmetology is also developing. The detection of adulterations and contaminations of DM is a matter of fundamental importance from both an economic and allergenic standpoint, and, to this aim, fast and efficient analytical approaches to assess the authenticity of this precious nutrient are desirable. Here, a rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method aimed to the detection of bovine or caprine milk in raw DM is reported. The presence of the extraneous milks was revealed by monitoring the protein profiles of the most abundant whey proteins, α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin, used as molecular markers. The possibility of obtaining a quantitative analysis of the level of cow or goat milk in DM based on the MALDI-TOF peak areas of α-LAs was also explored. The results showed that the experimental quantitative values were in good agreement with the real composition of each mixture. As pretreatment of the milk samples is not required, and owing to the speed and the high sensitivity of MALDI-MS, the protocol here reported could represent a reliable method for routine analyses aimed to assess the absence of contamination in raw fresh DM samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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