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Gil-Pozo A, Astudillo-Rubio D, Ferrando Cascales Á, Inchingolo F, Hirata R, Sauro S, Delgado-Gaete A. Effect of gastric acids on the mechanical properties of conventional and CAD/CAM resin composites - An in-vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 155:106565. [PMID: 38718723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a current and frequent condition that may compromise the mechanical properties and clinical durability of resin-based composites (RBCs). This study assessed the mechanical properties of conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) RBCs subsequent to simulated gastric acid aging. MATERIALS AND METHOD Three conventional and three CAD/CAM composites were assessed. They were divided into an experimental group (exposed to simulated gastric acid aging) and a control group (no aging). Both groups were analyzed for Vickers microhardness (VHN), wear and flexural strength over a period of six months. The failure rate probability for each RBC was calculated through the Weibull cumulative distribution function (m). Statistical analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA, 3-way ANOVA, a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mechanical properties of all the RBCs dropped significantly after aging (p < 0.05). Lower VHN and flexural strength values, along with greater wear values were evident in the experimental groups, though the effects of the treatment varied between RBCs. The Weibull m of all the RBCs decreased over time. CONCLUSION Conventional RBCs might show greater reduction in mechanical properties compared to CAD/CAM RBCs when exposed to gastric acid attack. Thus, CAD/CAM composites may represent a suitable choice for the treatment of patients presenting erosive issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gil-Pozo
- Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 010107, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Daniela Astudillo-Rubio
- Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 010107, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Álvaro Ferrando Cascales
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, UCAM, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 135 Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Ronaldo Hirata
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andrés Delgado-Gaete
- Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 010107, Cuenca, Ecuador.
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Hernández-Mendieta LA, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, Teutle-Coyotecatl B, Velázquez-Enríquez U, Contreras-Bulnes R. Effect of a demineralization model on the microhardness, surface roughness and topography of giomers: An in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:65-77. [PMID: 37675958 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of a demineralization model on the microhardness, surface roughness, and topography of giomers.Seventy-two discs of six different dental materials in three different presentations (pit and fissure sealant (PFS), flowable and restorative materials) were divided into six groups (n = 12 p/g). Three experimental groups (giomers) consisted of BeautiSealant, Beautifil Flow Plus, and Beautifil II, and three control groups (resin-based materials) were formed using ClinproTM, FiltekTM Z350 XT Flow, and Filtek™ Bulk Fill materials. Vickers microhardness, surface roughness, and topographic analysis with atomic force microscopy were measured at the beginning (0) after four (1) and 7 days (2) of immersion in a demineralizing model. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way and Repeated Measures ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient (p ≤ .05). The microhardness values showed significant variations, except for the G_RM group. All the groups presented significant increases in roughness through the experiment stages, except for RB_PFS in the Ra parameter. The topographic analysis showed variations in the micromorphology, especially in the experimental group at the end of the demineralization model. Finally, there was no correlation between microhardness and surface roughness. The demineralization model decreased the microhardness, with the lowest reductions in the giomers groups. The effect of the demineralizing model on the surface roughness and topography showed an increase in specific patterns for the experimental and control groups. Therefore, their clinical use is recommended. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The demineralization model decreased the microhardness property of the evaluated materials, with better performance for the giomer groups. The effect of the demineralizing model on surface roughness showed an increase with specific patterns for the experimental and control groups. Although the materials presented changes in their microhardness, roughness, and topography, their clinical use is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Alejandra Hernández-Mendieta
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Bernardo Teutle-Coyotecatl
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Ulises Velázquez-Enríquez
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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Feng D, Dong S, Shi Z, Cui Z, Zhu S. Investigation of aging resistance for dental resin composites with and without glass flakes. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6903-6914. [PMID: 37831194 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Outstanding physical-mechanical properties and aging resistance are key requirements for dental resin composite since it will be placed in the oral environment for a long time. In this work, a new dental resin composite mainly modified by glass flakes was fabricated, and the aging resistance was evaluated by comparing with commercial composites without glass flakes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The new dental resin composite was produced through hand blending of inorganic glass flakes/Si-Al-borosilicate glass (58wt%:7wt% of dental resin composite), POSS-MA (5wt% of resin matrix), Bis-GMA/TEGDMA(64.4wt%:27.6wt% of resin matrix), and CQ/EDMAB (0.9wt%:2.1wt% of resin matrix) together. The flexural strength, elasticity modulus, and hardness, as well as wear were tested for evaluating the aging resistance of different dental resin composite. RESULTS Among 6 kinds of commercial composites in this study, after 6-month water storage, the maximum percentage of performance degradation is that the flexural strength decreased 39.96%, elasticity modulus decreased 51.53% and hardness decreased 12.52%. In contrast, the new synthesized material decreased 14.53%, 20.88%, and 0.61%, respectively, and performed lesser wear depth compared to some other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was observed that the new dental resin composite performed better performance stability and wear resistance when compared with commercial dimethacrylate-based or low shrinkage dental resin composite tested in this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This possibly paves a path for designing tailored dental composite for practical application. Since the aging resistance of dental resin composite modified by glass flakes is superior, it has the potential to be used for promoting the durability of dental resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zuosen Shi
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhanchen Cui
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Can Modification with Urethane Derivatives or the Addition of an Anti-Hydrolysis Agent Influence the Hydrolytic Stability of Resin Dental Composite? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054336. [PMID: 36901766 PMCID: PMC10001746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the questionable durability of dental restorations, there is a need to increase the lifetime of composite restoration. The present study used diethylene glycol monomethacrylate/4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (DEGMMA/CHMDI), diethylene glycol monomethacrylate/isophorone diisocyanate (DEGMMA/IPDI) monomers, and bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide (CHINOX SA-1) as modifiers of a polymer matrix (40 wt% urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), 40 wt% bisphenol A ethoxylateddimethacrylate (bis-EMA), and 20 wt% triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)). Flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), hardness (HV), sorption, and solubility were determined. To assess hydrolytic stability, the materials were tested before and after two aging methods (I-7500 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH; II-5 days, 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH). The aging protocol resulted in no noticeable change (median values were the same as or higher than the control value) or a decrease in the DTS value from 4 to 28%, and a decrease in the FS value by 2 to 14%. The hardness values after aging were more than 60% lower than those of the controls. The used additives did not improve the initial (control) properties of the composite material. The addition of CHINOX SA-1 improved the hydrolytic stability of composites based on UDMA/bis-EMA/TEGDMA monomers, which could potentially extend the service life of the modified material. Extended studies are needed to confirm the possible use of CHINOX SA-1 as an antihydrolysis agent in dental composites.
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Application of Tribology Concept in Dental Composites Field: A Scoping Review. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040287. [PMID: 36547546 PMCID: PMC9781192 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribology is the discipline concerning the application of friction, lubrication, and wear concepts of interacting surfaces in relative motion. A growing interest has developed in tribology application in medical biomaterials, such as resin composites used in restorative dentistry. Yet, the keywords "tribology" and "biotribology" are little applied in the pertinent publications. The aim of this scoping review was to offer an overview of tribology application in dental composites research and to identify knowledge gaps and address future research. A literature search was conducted on Pubmed and Scopus databases and the studies investigating the tribological behavior of resin composites were included for qualitative synthesis. The majority of studies on dental tribology were published in the research areas of mechanical engineering/nanotechnology and differed in several methodological aspects. The preponderant engineering approach and the lack of standardized testing make the laboratory findings poorly informative for clinicians. Future research should focus on the tribological behavior of dental materials composites by means of an integrated approach, i.e., engineering and clinical, for improving development and advancement in this field of research.
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Al-Saud LM, Alolyet LM, Alenezi DS. The Effects of Selected Mouthwashes on the Surface Microhardness of a Single-shade Universal Resin Composite: In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068221129020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effects of selected alcohol-free mouthwashes with different formulations (zinc-hydroxyapatite, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium fluoride) on the surface microhardness of a single-shade universal resin composite. Materials and Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens (8 × 2 mm) from the universal resin composite (Omnichroma®), and a nano-hybrid composite (Tetric® N-Ceram) were prepared. After polymerization, baseline surface microhardness values were recorded using Vickers microhardness tester. The samples from each material were randomly assigned to 4 groups ( n = 10) and immersed in 20 ml of the mouthwashes: Biorepair®, Listerine®, Colgate® Optic White, and distilled water (control). The samples were kept in the immersion solutions for 24 hours, and post-immersion microhardness values were recorded. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-tests at p < .05. Results: Significant reduction in microhardness was observed in all resin composite groups after immersion in the mouthwashes compared to baseline values ( p < .0001). The highest microhardness reduction in Omnichroma® group was observed after immersion in Colgate® Optic White; and Tetric® N-Ceram group after immersion in Listerine® mouthwash. For both materials, the least reduction in microhardness was observed after immersion in Biorepair®. Microhardness values for Omnichroma were significantly higher than Tetric® N-Ceram ( p < .0001). However, Omnichroma exhibited a significantly greater reduction in microhardness after immersion in the tested mouthwashes. Conclusion: In vitro simulated use of the investigated mouthwashes negatively affected the surface microhardness of both tested resin composites. The observed effects were both mouthwash and material dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loulwa M. Al-Saud
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina M. Alolyet
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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An Evaluation of the Hydrolytic Stability of Selected Experimental Dental Matrices and Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15145055. [PMID: 35888521 PMCID: PMC9322899 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials with potential use as dental restoration should be evaluated in an aggressive environment. Such accelerated aging is widely used in other industries and allows the assessment of service life. In the presented study, three neat resins (UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 70/10/20 wt.%, UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.% and UDMA/Bis-EMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.%) and three composites based on these matrices were tested before and after aging protocols (I-7500 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH; II-5 days, 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH). Flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness (HV) were determined. Applied aging protocols resulted in a decrease in the value of the FS, DTS and HV. Larger changes were noticed for the neat resins. Materials in which the content of bis-GMA was lower or substituted by bis-EMA showed better resistance to degradation. The choice of mixtures with monomers characterized by lower sorption values may favorably affect hydrolytic stability. It was shown that for composites there was a drastic decrease in hardness, which suggests a more superficial effect of the used protocols. However, degradation of the surface layer can result in a growing problem over time given that the mastication processes are an inherent element in the oral environment.
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8
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Ozdemir B, Ilday NO, Ozdemir SB, Suleyman F, Duymus ZY. The effect of erosive beverages and polishing systems on the surface properties of nanohybrid composite resin. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:248-254. [PMID: 35295044 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1361_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface microhardness and roughness of composites treated with three different polishing systems exposed to two different corrosive beverages. Material and Methods Ninety-six composite resin disks were randomly divided into four groups, one of which was the control group. The surface roughness and microhardness values were measured after 24 h in the polishing process. The samples were divided into three subgroups and kept in distilled water, cola, and ice tea for 20 min a day for 14 days. Then, the roughness and microhardness measurements of the samples were taken again. Two samples randomly selected from each group were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed statistically using the two way anova (ANOVA) and Duncan tests. Results A statistically significant difference was found between the roughness and hardness values at the end of 24 h and 14 days. Onegloss (OG), Dentoflex (DF), and Super-snap (SNP) polish systems showed the highest roughness in the cola group, respectively. Microhardness values: The unpolished group had the lowest significant microhardness in the coke group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, it was seen that the lowest success rate was the OG polishing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ozdemir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - N Ozakar Ilday
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - S B Ozdemir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - F Suleyman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hamidiye Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Yesil Duymus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Properties of A Model Self-Healing Microcapsule-Based Dental Composite Reinforced with Silica Nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010019. [PMID: 35225982 PMCID: PMC8883938 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of an experimental self-healing dental composite model (SHDC) composed of SiO2 nanoparticles with varying percentages of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomer and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) amine microcapsules. Materials and methods: Microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerisation of PUF shells, as explained in our previous work. The model SHDC included bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA:TEGDMA) (1:1), 1 wt% phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (BAPO), 0.5 wt% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) catalyst, 20 wt% silanised silica dioxide (SiO2) (15 nm) and (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 wt%) of microcapsules (120 ± 45 μm). Light transmission, hardness, degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength and elastic modulus of the SHDC model were measured. Results: The degree of conversion of the SHDC ranged from 73 to 76% 24 h after polymerisation. Hardness measurements ranged from 22 to 26 VHN (p > 0.05); however, the flexural strength was adversely affected from 80 to 55 MPa with increasing microcapsules of up to 10 wt% in the composites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Only flexural strength decreased drastically ~30% with increasing microcapsules (>10 wt%) in the composites. All other measured properties were not significantly affected. Accordingly, we recommend a stronger composite material that could be created by increasing the filler content distribution in order to achieve a hybrid self-healing composite with enhanced mechanical properties.
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Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of a Bioactive Composite Resin. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite developments and advances in dental materials which allow for greater restorative performance, there are still challenges and questions regarding the formulation of new compositions and chemical reactions of materials used in restorative dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the mechanical and tribological characteristics of a bioactive resin, a composite resin, and a glass ionomer. Twenty specimens of each material were divided into two groups: one control group (n = 10), not subjected to thermocycling, and one test group (n = 10) submitted to thermocycling. The Vickers microhardness test was carried out and surface roughness was evaluated. The tribological sliding indentation test was chosen. The bioactive resin had the lowest hardness, followed by the composite resin, and the glass ionomer. The bioactive resin also showed greater resistance to fracture. For the tribological test, the wear rate was lower for the bioactive resin, followed by the composite resin, and the glass ionomer. The bioactive resin presented a smooth surface without visible cracks, while the other materials presented a brittle peeling of great portions of material. Thus, the bioactive resin performs better in relation to fracture toughness, wear rate and impact absorption than the composite resin and much better than the glass ionomer.
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Gornig DC, Maletz R, Ottl P, Warkentin M. Influence of artificial aging: mechanical and physicochemical properties of dental composites under static and dynamic compression. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1491-1504. [PMID: 34453210 PMCID: PMC8817055 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of filler content, degradation media and time on the mechanical properties of different dental composites after in vitro aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (1 mm3) of three commercially available composites (GrandioSO®, Arabesk Top®, Arabesk Flow®) with respect to their filler content were stored in artificial aging media: artificial saliva, ethanol (60%), lactic acid (pH 5) and citric acid (pH 5). Parameters (Vickers microhardness, compressive strength, elastic modulus, water sorption and solubility) were determined in their initial state (control group, n = 3 for microhardness, n = 5 for the other parameters) and after 14, 30, 90 and 180 days (n = 3 for microhardness, n = 5 for the other parameters for each composite group, time point and media). Specimens were also characterized with dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis (compression tests, F = ± 7 N; f = 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz and 3.3 Hz; t = 0-170 °C). RESULTS Incorporation of fillers with more than 80 w% leads to significantly better mechanical properties under static and dynamic compression tests and a better water sorption behavior, even after chemical degradation. The influence of degradation media and time is of subordinate importance for chemical degradation. CONCLUSION Although the investigated composites have a similar matrix, they showed different degradation behavior. Since dentine and enamel occur only in small layer thickness, a test specimen geometry with very small dimensions is recommended for direct comparison. Moreover, the use of compression tests to determine the mechanical parameters for the development of structure-compatible and functionally adapted composites makes sense as an additional standard. Clinical relevance Preferential use of highly filled composites for occlusal fillings is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Gornig
- Dres. Irina & Thorsten Brandt, Orthodontic Practice, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - R. Maletz
- Department of Material Science and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - P. Ottl
- Department of Prosthodontics and Material Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Warkentin
- Department of Material Science and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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MİSİLLİ T, GONULOL N, CABADAĞ ÖG, ALMASIFAR L, DİNÇ D. THE EFFECT OF PH-CYCLING AND TOOTHBRUSHING SIMULATIONS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF BULK-FILL COMPOSITES. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.818099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Tseng CC, Lin PY, Kirankumar R, Chuang ZW, Wu IH, Hsieh S. Surface degradation effects of carbonated soft drink on a resin based dental compound. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06400. [PMID: 33869827 PMCID: PMC8035514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental compounds and restorative materials undergo surface degradation and erosion from exposure to a variety of dietary substances. In this study we investigated changes in the surface properties of Rebaron, a hard denture reline material (HDRM), following timed immersion in carbonated soft drinks to determine its durability in a common acidic environment. Samples were prepared and immersed in a carbonated soft drink (or its components) for 6, 12, or 24 h. Surface structure and mechanical properties were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Raman spectroscopy was used to identify changes in the HDRM surface chemistry following exposure to the test solutions. AFM revealed that prolonged exposure led to pit formation and a subsequent increase in surface roughness, from 302.02 ± 30.20 to 430.59 ± 15.07 nm Ra, following a 24 h exposure. Young's modulus values decreased from 9.3 ± 7.0 to 0.53 ± 0.26 GPa under the same conditions, demonstrating a softening and embrittlement of the HDRM sample. Raman results revealed that immersion in the carbonated soft drink or acidic solution changed the nature of the HDRM structure, converting the HDRM surface chemistry from primarily hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Our study indicates that sustainability and durability of Rebaron HDRM are significantly reduced by prolonged exposure to carbonated (acidic) soft drink, resulting in deformation and degradation of the material surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Tseng
- Department of Dentistry, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81357, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Rajendranath Kirankumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Wei Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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14
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Moghaddasi N, Tavallali M, Jafarpour D, Ferooz R, Bagheri R. The Effect of Nanofilled Resin-Base Coating on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Resin Composites. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:202-209. [PMID: 33111283 PMCID: PMC8184272 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nanofilled resin-base coating on the physical and mechanical properties of four different types of resin composites.
Materials and Methods
Disc-shaped specimens of four resin composites (Aura bulk fil [SDI], IPS Impress Direct [Ivoclar], Filtek Z250, and Filtek P60 [3M/ESPE]) were prepared and divided in two groups: either uncoated or coated with G-coat plus (
n
= 10). The specimens were obtained and stored in distilled water (DW) at 37°C. For water sorption and solubility, the specimens were stored for 60 days in DW and measured according to ISO 4049 instructions. The specimens were subjected to color change (ΔE), microhardness, and flexural strength (FS) measurements after 24 hours and 60 days of immersion in DW.
Statistical Analysis
ANOVA, post hoc Tukey’s, and independent
t
-tests were used to analyze data.
Results
Mean solubility values of coated groups were significantly lower than that of uncoated ones (
p
< 0.001). No significant differences were detected between neither water sorption nor FS of coated and uncoated groups (
p
= 0.502 and
p
= 0.510, respectively). For all materials except IPS Empress, the mean values for ΔE were not statistically different between coated and uncoated groups, and mean microhardness values of the uncoated groups were significantly greater than the coated groups (
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
Coating resin composites improved water sorption and solubility but increased ΔE, decreased microhardness, and had no significant effect on FS in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Moghaddasi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Biomaterials Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tavallali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Biomaterials Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dana Jafarpour
- Department of Physiotherapy, Biomaterials Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Ferooz
- Masters of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Candidate, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rafat Bagheri
- Department of Dental Materials, Biomaterials Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Erosion of CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel: An in situ/in vivo study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Surface Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biocompatibility of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resins Coated with Reynoutria elliptica Extract. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101292. [PMID: 33003649 PMCID: PMC7600974 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted surface characterization to assess the biocompatibility and investigate the antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in autopolymerizing acrylic resins, coated with light-curable coating resin, containing various concentrations of Reynoutria elliptica extract (0, 200, 400, and 600 µg/mL). The R. elliptica extract powder was prepared using a freeze-drying technique. Further, a goniometer and microhardness tester were used to determine the water contact angle, and Vickers hardness, respectively; color measurements were performed on the uncoated and coated acrylic resin disks. The polyphenol content of the extracts from the coated acrylic resin disk was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the coated acrylic resin disk against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was observed for 24 and 48 h by measuring the optical density using spectrophotometry. In addition, biocompatibility was confirmed by testing the cell viability according to ISO 10993-5. The water contact angle, Vickers hardness, and color change values of the coated acrylic resin disks were not significantly different from the control. Polyphenol was detected in all experimental groups, with no significant differences between the experimental groups. The experimental groups exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans compared to the control group, after 48 h of incubation. The cell viability between the control and experimental groups was not significantly different. The proposed coating resin containing R. elliptica extract is applicable on dental acrylic resins, due to their antimicrobial properties and excellent biocompatibility, with no deterioration of surface characteristics.
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17
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Soares Tenório KC, Neupmann Feres MF, Tanaka CJ, Augusto MKM, Rodrigues JA, Pereira da Silva HD, Arana-Chavez VE, Roscoe MG. In vitro evaluation of enamel surface roughness and morphology after orthodontic debonding: Traditional cleanup systems versus polymer bur. Int Orthod 2020; 18:546-554. [PMID: 32493624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary aim of this randomized in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of carbide, fibreglass and polymer burs on resinous remnant removal after bracket debonding, by the evaluation of enamel surface roughness and morphology. The secondary objective was to compare the time dispended on the procedures. METHODS The buccal surfaces of 28 bovine incisors were analysed by a profilometer to initial roughness measurement (Ra-T1). Brackets were bonded with a light-cured resin and debonded with a debonding plier. The samples were randomly divided into four groups, according to the bur used (n=7): A-Tungsten carbide; B-Fibreglass; C-Polymer; D-Polymer with 75% ethanol pre-treatment. The second roughness measurements were made after resin removal (Ra-T2). Time for removal procedures was also recorded. The third measurements were made after polishing (Ra-T3). Scanning Electronic Microscopy was performed in two samples of each group: after resin removal and after polishing. Results of roughness and time measurements were statically analysed by analysis of variance with post-hoc Bonferroni. RESULTS After polishing, tungsten carbide (P=0.1555) and fibreglass burs provided final surface roughness statistically similar to the baseline condition (P=1.0000). Yet, polymer burs, associated (P<0.0001) or not to alcohol (P<0.0001), provided surface roughness significantly higher when compared to baseline values. Polymer burs were more time-consuming on resinous remnant removal than tungsten carbide and fibreglass burs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Polymer burs were less effective and more time-consuming to remove the remaining resin than tungsten carbide and fibreglass burs. The polishing step created smoother surfaces regardless of the burs used for resin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murilo Fernando Neupmann Feres
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor Elias Arana-Chavez
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Guimarães Roscoe
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Ferooz M, Bagheri R, Jafarpour D, Burrow MF. Physical Properties of Nanohybrid and Microhybrid Resin Composites Subjected to an Acidic Environment: A Laboratory Study. Oper Dent 2020; 45:E105-E113. [PMID: 32053456 DOI: 10.2341/18-319-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the hardness and color stability of five resin composites subjected to different polishing methods following immersion in distilled water or lactic acid for up to three months. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three nanohybrid, Paradigm (3M ESPE), Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama), Ice (SDI), and two microhybrid, Filtek P60 and Filtek Z250, composites were examined. Disc-shaped specimens (10×1.5 mm) were prepared and immersed in distilled water for 24 hours then polished using either silicon carbide paper, the Shofu polishing system or were left unpolished (control). The CIE values and microhardness were determined using a spectrophotometer and digital Vickers hardness tester, respectively (n=10) after one, 45, and 90 days of storage in distilled water or lactic acid. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS Ice exhibited the greatest color change, yet Paradigm and Filtek P60 demonstrated the least. Overall, discoloration of tested materials was multifactorial and the effect of storage media depended on the material, polishing method and time interval. The greatest hardness was obtained for Paradigm and the lowest for Estelite. Hardness was found to be significantly higher in lactic acid after 45 days (p=0.014) and even higher after 90 days (p<0.001) compared with distilled water. CONCLUSIONS An acidic environment did not adversely affect color stability or microhardness of the resin composites. There was a significantly mild reverse correlation between hardness and color change in both storage media.
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19
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Barve D, Dave PN, Gulve MN, Meera Sahib MA, Naz F, Shahabe SA. Effect of Commonly Consumed Beverages on Microhardness of Two Types of Composites. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:663-667. [PMID: 33976493 PMCID: PMC8060943 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present in vitro study was to assess the influence of commonly consumed beverages on the microhardness of microhybrid and nanofilled composite resins. Materials and methods Two hundred and forty cylindrical specimens were produced using circular aluminum molds of an internal diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, 120 samples each from microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M, ESPE, USA) and nanofilled composite (filtek Z250, 3M, ESPE, USA). They were divided into 4 subgroups of 30 specimens each. These specimens were immersed in distilled water, tea, coffee, and cola drink, respectively. Microhardness was calculated using Vickers microhardness tester (MMT-X7 Matsuzawa, Japan). Data were statistically analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Tukey’s correction was used for multiple subgroup comparison. Results Microhardness of both the composites reduced after immersing in different beverages compared to water. Nanofilled composites showed more change in microhardness than microhybrid composite. Cola caused a significant reduction in microhardness followed by coffee, tea, and water. Conclusion The beverages used have negative effects on the hardness of both the type of composites. The surface microhardness of nanofilled composite is significantly reduced when immersed in carbonated beverages like cola. How to cite this article Barve D, Dave PN, Gulve MN, et al. Effect of Commonly Consumed Beverages on Microhardness of Two Types of Composites. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):663–667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Barve
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SMBT Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranav N Dave
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SMBT Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meenal N Gulve
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MGV's Karmaveer Bhausaheb Hiray Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Ak Meera Sahib
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fariha Naz
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saquib A Shahabe
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Cruz MEM, Simões R, Martins SB, Trindade FZ, Dovigo LN, Fonseca RG. Influence of simulated gastric juice on surface characteristics of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 123:483-490. [PMID: 31383520 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM How the surfaces of monolithic esthetic restorations behave in the presence of acidic substances is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of simulated gastric juice on roughness, morphology, microhardness, substance loss, and color change of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) monolithic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disks from Lava Ultimate, VITA ENAMIC, IPS e.max CAD, and VITA SUPRINITY were analyzed for roughness, morphology, and microhardness by using a confocal microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Vickers hardness tester. Substance loss was determined by weighing the specimens on an analytical balance, and color change (ΔE) was assessed by using a spectrophotometer based on the CIELab parameters. All analyses were carried out before and after acid exposure. RESULTS Acid exposure significantly decreased the roughness, having a very high effect size on this property. The material was highly decisive in determining the microhardness, presenting the following order: VITA SUPRINITY>IPS e.max CAD>VITA ENAMIC>Lava Ultimate. The mass was not significantly affected by the acidic challenge. No significant difference in ΔE was found between Lava Ultimate and VITA ENAMIC and between IPS e.max CAD and VITA SUPRINITY. Lava Ultimate showed a higher ΔE than IPS e.max CAD and VITA SUPRINITY, whereas VITA ENAMIC exhibited higher ΔE only when compared with VITA SUPRINITY. All materials presented ΔE<1. CONCLUSIONS The simulated gastric juice significantly influenced the roughness of all the evaluated materials and promoted a color change classified as clinically undetectable in all materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E M Cruz
- Graduate student, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Simões
- Graduate student, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Samira B Martins
- Doctoral student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Flávia Z Trindade
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lívia N Dovigo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Renata G Fonseca
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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21
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Yanikian CRF, Stape THS, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Martins LRM. Influence of silica nanocoating on stain susceptibility and superficial integrity of dimethacrylate-based composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:361-368. [PMID: 31278811 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel silica (SiO2 )-based nanocoating approach to extend the superficial integrity of current composites. Cylindrical discs (7 × 2 mm) were produced from nanohybrid and nanofilled composites. Specimens in control groups were not coated, but SiO2 nanocoating was performed on specimens in experimental groups (n = 8). Specimens were stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37°C (baseline) and then artificially aged for 15, 90, or 180 d in a low-pH staining solution. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer, and a goniometer was used to determine surface free energy (SFE). Color change was evaluated by a reflectance spectrophotometer, applying the color distance metric, ΔE00 , according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* coordinates. Data were subjected to repeated-measures anova and the Tukey post-hoc test. Composites presented visually perceptible color changes (ΔE00 > 0.81) as early as 15 d of aging, with significantly higher ΔE00 values recorded over time. Nanocoating with SiO2 significantly reduced the SFE of composites at all storage times, and significantly lower Ra values were identified after aging. Nanohybrid and nanofilled composites were susceptible to substantial hydrolytic superficial degradation and staining, which was dramatically attenuated by the proposed SiO2 nanocoating approach. Nanocoating effectively lowered the SFE of composites, thus minimizing water-composite interactions, which contributed to reduced superficial deterioration and lower stain susceptibility over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R F Yanikian
- Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago H S Stape
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology, Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, TYKS, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology, Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, TYKS, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Luís R M Martins
- Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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22
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Mourouzis P, Samanidou V, Koulaouzidou EA, Palaghias G. HPLC study for evaluating the significance of pH in the inhibiting effect of phosphate buffer on the leaching pattern of resin composites. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1441157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petros Mourouzis
- Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Department of Operative Dentistry and Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Department of Operative Dentistry and Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Palaghias
- Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Department of Operative Dentistry and Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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23
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In vitro aging behavior of dental composites considering the influence of filler content, storage media and incubation time. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195160. [PMID: 29630621 PMCID: PMC5890995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Over time dental composites age due to mechanical impacts such as chewing and chemical impacts such as saliva enzymes and food ingredients. For this research, the focus was placed on chemical degradation. The objective of this study was to simulate hydrolysis by using different food simulating liquids and to assess their impact on the mechanical parameter Vickers microhardness (MHV) and the physicochemical parameter contact angle (CA). Methods Specimen of three composites (d = 6 mm, h = 2 mm; n = 435) classified with respect to their filler content (wt%), namely low-filled, medium-filled and highly-filled, were stored for 0, 14, 30, 90 and 180 days in artificial saliva (pH 7), citric acid (pH 3; pH 5), lactic acid (pH 3; pH 5) and ethanol (40%vol; 60%vol) and assessed regarding to MHV and CA. Statistics: Kruskal-Wallis test, stepwise linear regression, bivariate Spearman Rank Correlation (p < 0.05). Results While stored in artificial saliva, acid and ethanol the CA decreased especially for the low- and medium-filled composites. It was shown that rising the filler content caused less surface changes in the CA. Storage in ethanol led to a significant decrease of MHV of all composites. Regression analysis showed that the effect of in vitro aging on MHV was mainly influenced by the composite material and therefore by filler content (R2 = 0.67; p < 0.05). In contrast, the CA is more influenced by incubation time and filler content (R2 = 0.2; p < 0.05) leading to a higher risk of plaque accumulation over time. Significance: In vitro aging showed significant changes on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of dental composites which may shorten their long-term functionality. In conclusion, it can be stated, that the type of composite material, especially rising filler content seems to improve the materials’ resistance against the processes of chemical degradation.
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24
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Alrahlah A. Diametral Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, and Surface Microhardness of Bioactive Bulk Fill Restorative. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:13-19. [PMID: 29358529 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to perform comparative analysis of bioactive, contemporary bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) and conventional glass-ionomer materials for flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), and Vickers hardness number (VHN) in the presence of thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five restorative materials [Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill; smart dentin replacement (SDR) Flowable Material; Bioactive restorative material (ACTIVA Bulk Fill); Ketac Universal Aplicap; and GC Fuji II] were evaluated for DTS, FS, and VHN. Half the samples in each material group were ther-mocycled. The DTS was performed under compressive load at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min. The FS was assessed by three-point bending test at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The VHN was determined using a Vickers diamond indenter at 50 gf load for 15 seconds. Differences in FS, DTS, and VHN were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc tests at a = 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS N-Ceram, ACTIVA, and SDR demonstrated the highest and comparable (p > 0.05) FS. The SDR had the highest DTS value (141.28 ± 0.94), followed by N-Ceram (136.61 ± 1.56) and ACTIVA (129.05 ± 1.78). Ketac had the highest VHN value before and after thermocycling. CONCLUSION ACTIVA showed mechanical properties (FS and DTS) comparable with bulk-fill resin composite materials. ACTIVA showed potential for durability, as VHN was comparable post-thermocycling. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bioactive materials showed acceptable DTS and FS values. However, hardness was compromised compared with included materials. ACTIVA Bulk Fill shows potential for dentin replacement but it needs to be covered with a surface-resistant restorative material. Further studies to improve surface characteristics of ACTIVA Bulk Fill are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +00966114678304, e-mail:
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25
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Dijkman G, De Vries J, Jongebloed W, Arends J. Surface Changes of Fluoride-Releasing Composites: a Comparison of in Vivo and in Vitro Results. Adv Dent Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/08959374950090040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride-releasing composites lose fluoride very slowly over time. An interesting question is the possible change in mechanical properties related to the F release. If this happens, it might be expected that the mechanical properties of the outer surface of a fluoridating composite are affected first. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo and in vitro the changes in surface microhardness and surface structure of three fluoride-releasing composites and a non-F-containing control after 28 days. In the in vitro experiment, the composites were stored in tap water at 37°C. The results show that all composites stored in water were significantly softened after 28 days. In vivo, however, a very different picture emerged: The surface microhardness of the fluoride-releasing composites did not change significantly. In vitro, the data indicate that the amount of softening of the fluoridating composites is related to the amount of fluoride released. No relation was found between the amount of F released in one month in vitro and the microhardness changes in vivo. SEM micrographs of fluoridating composites do not reflect the microhardness changes mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.E.H.M. Dijkman
- Materia Technica Bloemsingel 10 9712 KZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - J. De Vries
- Materia Technica Bloemsingel 10 9712 KZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - W.L. Jongebloed
- Lab for Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Arends
- To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed
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26
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Tekçe N, Pala K, Demirci M, Tuncer S. Changes in surface characteristics of two different resin composites after 1 year water storage: An SEM and AFM study. SCANNING 2016; 38:694-700. [PMID: 27062131 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate changes in surface characteristics of two different resin composites after 1 year of water storage using a profilometer, Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 46 composite disk specimens (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) were fabricated using Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Clearfil Majesty Posterior (Kuraray Medical Co, Tokyo, Japan). Ten specimens from each composite were used for surface roughness and microhardness tests (n = 10). For each composite, scanning electron microscope (SEM, n = 2) and atomic force microscope (AFM, n = 1) images were obtained after 24 h and 1 year of water storage. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a post-hoc Bonferroni test. Microhardness values of Clearfil Majesty Esthetic decreased significantly (78.15-63.74, p = 0.015) and surface roughness values did not change after 1 year of water storage (0.36-0.39, p = 0.464). Clearfil Majesty Posterior microhardness values were quite stable (138.74-137.25, p = 0.784), and surface roughness values increased significantly (0.39-0.48, p = 0.028) over 1 year. One year of water storage caused microhardness values for Clearfil Majesty Esthetic to decrease and the surface roughness of Clearfil Majesty Posterior increased. AFM and SEM images demonstrated surface detoration of the materials after 1 year and ensured similar results with the quantitative test methods. SCANNING 38:694-700, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Tekçe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kansad Pala
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Demirci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Tuncer
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sunbul HA, Silikas N, Watts DC. Surface and bulk properties of dental resin- composites after solvent storage. Dent Mater 2016; 32:987-97. [PMID: 27238832 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the surface micro-hardness and the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites after storage in food simulating solvents. METHODS Eight materials were investigated. For the micro-hardness measurement, Teflon mould with an internal dimensions of 10mm and 2mm (n=15). For the DTS measurement, Split stainless steel moulds were used to make disk-shaped specimens of 6mm diameter and 2mm thickness (n=15). Materials were subdivided in to three groups (water, 75% ethanol/water and MEK). Micro-hardness measurements were made under a load of 300gm with a dwell time of 15s at 7, 30, and 90ds after storage. DTS was measured after 30ds at a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. RESULTS The storage time and type of solvent had a significant influence on the micro-hardness. MEK showed more drastic reduction in the material micro-hardness with an exception of G-aenial universal flo (GA-F) which showed similar results in water/ethanol and MEK. DTS values of materials stored in water ranged from 48.7MPa for the GA-F and 30.6MPa for Ever X posterior (EXP). Generally, the results are observed to decrease with increasing solvent power, except for GA-F. SIGNIFICANCE Bulk-fill materials showed no superior results compared with the other materials. For the bulk-fill materials that are designed to be used as a base, their penetration by the solvents may be shielded and thus the changes observed in this study may not be of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al Sunbul
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - David C Watts
- Biomaterials Science Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Karda B, Jindal R, Mahajan S, Sandhu S, Sharma S, Kaur R. To Analyse the Erosive Potential of Commercially Available Drinks on Dental Enamel and Various Tooth Coloured Restorative Materials - An In-vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC117-21. [PMID: 27437343 PMCID: PMC4948519 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16956.7841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the enormous change in life style pattern of a common man through the past few decades, there has been proportional variation in the amount and frequency of consumption of drinks. An increased consumption of these drinks will concurrently increase enamel surface roughness by demineralization, resulting in hypersensitivity and elevated caries risk. AIM The present study was designed to evaluate the erosive potential of commercially available drinks on tooth enamel and various tooth coloured restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted human teeth were taken and divided into four groups i.e. tooth enamel, glass ionomer cement, composite and compomer. Four commercially available drinks were chosen these were Coca -Cola, Nimbooz, Frooti and Yakult. The pH of each drink was measured. Each group was immersed in various experimental drinks for a period of 14 days. The erosive potential of each drink was measured by calculating the change in average surface roughness of these groups after the immersion protocol in various drinks. The data analysis was done by One Way Anova, Post-Hoc Bonferroni, and paired t -test. RESULTS Group II-GIC showed highest values for mean of change in average surface roughness and the values were statistically significant (p<0.001) with tooth enamel, composite and compomer (p=0.002). Coca-cola showed the highest erosive potential and Yakult showed the lowest, there was no statistical significant difference between the results shown by Yakult and Frooti. CONCLUSION Characteristics which may promote erosion of enamel and tooth coloured restorative materials were surface texture of the material and pH of the drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Karda
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Desh Bhagat Dental College & Hospital, Muktsar, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Jindal
- Head of Department, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, National Dental College & Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Mahajan
- Head of Department, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Poanta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanam Sandhu
- Medical Officer (Dental), Civil Hospital, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India
| | - Sunila Sharma
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College Hospital, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pardesh, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, JCD Dental College & Hospital, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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Moon JD, Seon EM, Son SA, Jung KH, Kwon YH, Park JK. Effect of immersion into solutions at various pH on the color stability of composite resins with different shades. Restor Dent Endod 2015; 40:270-6. [PMID: 26587412 PMCID: PMC4650522 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2015.40.4.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the color changes of a resin composite with different shades upon exposure to water with different pH. Materials and Methods Nanohybrid resin composites (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) with four different shades (A2, A3, B1, and B2) were immersed in water with three different pH (pH 3, 6, and 9) for 14 day. The CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of the specimens were evaluated before and after immersion in the solutions. The color difference (ΔE*) and the translucency parameter (TP) were calculated using the color coordinates. Results ΔE* ranged from 0.33 to 1.58, and the values were affected significantly by the pH. The specimens immersed in a pH 6 solution showed the highest ΔE* values (0.87 - 1.58). The specimens with a B1 shade showed the lowest ΔE* change compared to the other shades. TP ranged from 7.01 to 9.46 depending on the pH and resin shade. The TP difference between before and after immersion in the pH solutions was less than 1.0. Conclusions The resulting change of color of the tested specimens did not appear to be clinically problematic because the color difference was < 1.6 in the acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions regardless of the resin shade, i.e., the color change was imperceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Deok Moon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Seon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Son
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kil Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
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Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Post-irradiation hardness development, chemical softening, and thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites. J Dent 2014; 43:209-18. [PMID: 25511301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure bottom/top hardness ratio of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composite materials, and to assess hardness changes after dry and ethanol storage. Filler content and kinetics of thermal decomposition were also tested using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). METHODS Six bulk-fill (SureFil SDR, Venus bulk fill, X-tra base, Filtek bulk fill flowable, Sonic fill, and Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill) and eight conventional resin-composite materials (Grandioso flow, Venus Diamond flow, X-flow, Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable, Grandioso, Venus Diamond, TPH Spectrum, and Filtek Z250) were tested (n=5). Initial and 24h (post-cure dry storage) top and bottom microhardness values were measured. Microhardness was re-measured after the samples were stored in 75% ethanol/water solution. Thermal decomposition and filler content were assessed by TGA. Results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS All materials showed significant increase of microhardness after 24h of dry storage which ranged from 100.1% to 9.1%. Bottom/top microhardness ratio >0.9 was exhibited by all materials. All materials showed significant decrease of microhardness after 24h of storage in 75% ethanol/water which ranged from 14.5% to 74.2%. The extent of post-irradiation hardness development was positively correlated to the extent of ethanol softening (R(2)=0.89, p<0.001). Initial thermal decomposition temperature assessed by TGA was variable and was correlated to ethanol softening. CONCLUSIONS Bulk-fill resin-composites exhibit comparable bottom/top hardness ratio to conventional materials at recommended manufacturer thickness. Hardness was affected to a variable extent by storage with variable inorganic filler content and initial thermal decomposition shown by TGA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The manufacturer recommended depth of cure of bulk-fill resin-composites can be reached based on the microhardness method. Characterization of the primary polymer network of a resin-composite material should be considered when evaluating its stability in the aqueous oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Z Alshali
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesreen A Salim
- Prosthodontic Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Julian D Satterthwaite
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Silikas
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, UK.
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Al Khuraif AAA. An in vitro evaluation of wear and surface roughness of particulate filler composite resin after tooth brushing. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:977-83. [PMID: 25220522 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.933251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of tooth brushing on wear and surface roughness of four different particulate filler composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six specimens (2 mm thick and 8 mm in diameter) of each tested material (Filtek Z250-Microhybrid, SpectrumTPH3-Submicron hybrid, Filtek Z350XT Nanofiller and Filtek P90- Microhybrid) were prepared according to the manufacturer's directions. A brushing sequence of 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 cycles was performed for all the samples. A non-contact profilometer was used to determine average surface roughness (Ra) and wear of the material assessed using an analytic electronic balance at baseline and each cycle interval. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc multiple comparison tests. Paired t-test was used for comparisons between cycle intervals for each material. Analyses with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed. RESULTS The resin composite Filtek P 90 presented an increase in percentage weight loss after final toothbrushing cycles over the rest of the materials. Brushing significantly increased roughness (Ra) for all composites. Filtek Z250, after brushing, was significantly rougher than the other resins followed by Filtek P 90, Spectrum TPH 3 and Filtek Z350 XT. However, SEM images indicated severe change in surface topography of 'sub-micron hybrid' specimen compared to each other after tooth brushing. CONCLUSIONS Wear and surface roughness increased with each cycle interval for all the materials and one composite resin demonstrated a higher increase in surface roughness than the other three tested brands of composite resins. Not much difference was observed in the weight loss between tested samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz A Al Khuraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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The Nanomechanical and Tribological Properties of Restorative Dental Composites after Exposure in Different Types of Media. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/759038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various acidic solutions on the surface mechanical properties of commercial resin composites with different microstructures (Filtek Z350 XT, TPH3, Durafill, and Superlux). Specimens were immersed in orange juice, cola, and distilled water for 5 days and the nanohardness, elastic modulus, and wear behavior of the samples were determined via the nanoindentation test and a reciprocating nanoscratch test. The nanoscratch morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wear depth was recorded by scanning probe microscopy (SPM). The results indicate that the nanofilled resin composites had the greatest hardest and highest elastic modulus, whereas the microfilled composites exhibited the lowest nanohardness and elastic modulus values. SEM observations showed that all resin composites underwent erosion and surface degradation after immersion in acidic solutions. Furthermore, the wear resistance was influenced by the composition of the acidic solution and was correlated with the nanohardness and elastic modulus. The dominant wear mechanism changed from plastic deformation to delamination after immersion in acidic solutions.
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Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Eren MM, Ozel S. Surface hardness of different restorative materials after long-term immersion in sports and energy drinks. Dent Mater J 2013; 31:729-36. [PMID: 23037834 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sports and energy drinks on the surface hardness of different restorative materials over a 6-month period. Forty-two disk-shaped specimens were prepared for each of the four restorative materials tested: Compoglass F, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme, and Premise. Specimens were immersed for 2 min daily, up to 6 months, in six storage solutions (n=7 per material for each solution): distilled water, Powerade, Gatorade, X-IR, Burn, and Red Bull. Surface hardness was measured at baseline, after 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. Data were analyzed statistically using repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons (α=0.05). Surface hardness of the restorative materials was significantly affected by both immersion solution and immersion period (p<0.001). All tested solutions induced significant reduction in surface hardness of the restorative materials over a 6-month immersion period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Erdemir
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University,
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Tuncer S, Demirci M, Tiryaki M, Ünlü N, Uysal Ö. The Effect of a Modeling Resin and Thermocycling on the Surface Hardness, Roughness, and Color of Different Resin Composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2013; 25:404-19. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Safa Tuncer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Demirci
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Murat Tiryaki
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nimet Ünlü
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Selcuk University; Konya Turkey
| | - Ömer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics; Faculty of Medicine; Bezmialem Vakif University; Istanbul Turkey
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Tabatabaei MH, Sadrai S, Bassir SH, Veisy N, Dehghan S. Effect of food stimulated liquids and thermocycling on the monomer elution from a nanofilled composite. Open Dent J 2013; 7:62-7. [PMID: 23986791 PMCID: PMC3750967 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601307010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of food simulating liquids and thermocycling on the elution of monomers from a nanofilled resin composite in different immersion times. Five Specimen discs were made from a nano-hybrid composite (Supreme 3M) for each group (Total = 180) and immersed in distilled water (control), citric acid, lactic acid, and 75% aqueous ethanol solution. The discs were removed after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 1 wk, 4 wk, and 12 wk. Three groups of samples underwent thermocycling for 1000, 2000 and 3000 cycles. The solutes were analyzed with HPLC for detection of eluted monomers. The results showed that the amount of released TEGDMA was significantly higher than that of Bis-GMA; however, there were not any significant differences between the amount of released Bis-GMA and UDMA. Moreover, the highest amount of monomers was released from samples immersed in ethanol solution; samples immersed in citric acid and lactic acid significantly released more monomers than those immersed in distilled water. Furthermore, the immersion time in aqueous ethanol solution had an increasing effect on the release of monomers. In addition, the higher amounts of monomers were release from samples immersed in ethanol and citric acid which underwent a higher number of thermal cycles. In conclusion, food and drink stimulated liquids used in this study increased the amount of some of the monomers released from composite resin. Thermal shocks and storage time are other factors that increased the release of monomers from the composite resin
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Hasani Tabatabaei
- Restorative Department and Dental Researches Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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İlday N, Bayindir YZ, Erdem V. Effect of three different acidic beverages on surface characteristics of composite resin restorative materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/143307510x12820854748917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. İlday
- Department of RestorativeFaculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum , Turkey ;,
| | - Y. Z. Bayindir
- Department of RestorativeFaculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum , Turkey
| | - V. Erdem
- Department of RestorativeFaculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum , Turkey
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Cilli R, Pereira JC, Prakki A. Properties of dental resins submitted to pH catalysed hydrolysis. J Dent 2012; 40:1144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Koottathape N, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Kanehira M, Finger WJ. Two- and three-body wear of composite resins. Dent Mater 2012; 28:1261-70. [PMID: 23083806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate two- and three-body wear of microfilled, micro-hybrid and nano-hybrid composite resins using a ball-on-disc sliding device. METHODS One microfilled (Durafill VS), one micro-hybrid (Filtek Z250), one hybrid (Clearfil AP-X), one nanofilled (Filtek Supreme XT), and two nano-hybrid (MI Flow, Venus Diamond) composite resins were examined. The composites were filled in a cylindrical cavity, and light polymerized. After storage in 37°C distilled water for 7days, all specimens were tested with a custom-made ball-on-disc sliding device with a zirconia ball as antagonist (50N loads, 1.2Hz, 10,000 cycles) immersed in water, poppy seed slurry and polymethyl methacrylate slurry, respectively. Maximum wear depth and volume loss of worn surfaces were quantified by a digital CCD microscope and analyzed with two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The interactions between composite resin and condition of their maximum wear depth and volume loss were significant (p<0.01). The abrasive wear produced at three-body loading with poppy seed slurry was very large for the microfilled composite, and small for all other composites tested. In contrast, two-body wear of the microfilled composite, and one nano-hybrid composite was very low. SIGNIFICANCE The ball-on-disc sliding device used is considered suitable to simulate sliding of an antagonist cusp on an opposing occlusal composite restoration, either in the two- or the three-body wear mode. All tested materials except for the microfilled composite showed low surface wear when exposed to poppy seed as the third-body medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthavoot Koottathape
- Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bansal K, Acharya SR, Saraswathi V. Effect of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages on color stability and surface roughness of resin composites: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2012; 15:283-8. [PMID: 22876020 PMCID: PMC3410343 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.97961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Consumption of certain beverages may affect the esthetic and physical properties of the resin composite, thereby undermining the quality of restorations. Aim: To analyze the effect of three beverages (Whiskey, Coca-Cola, and Nimbooz) on color stability and surface roughness of two different types of resin composites at various time intervals in vitro. Materials and Methods: A methacrylate-based nanofilled composite and a silorane-based microhybrid composite were used. Each material was randomly divided into four equal subgroups of 10 samples each according to the beverages used (Whiskey, Coca-Cola, Nimbooz, and Distilled water). The samples were immersed in each beverage for 10 minutes each day for 56 days. Color change and surface roughness measurements were noted at the baseline — the seventh, fourteenth, twenty-eighth, and fifty-sixth day. Statistical Analysis Used: RANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to find the difference in color change and surface roughness in the two resin composites when immersed in different beverages. The Pearson Correlation test was carried out to test if any correlation existed between color change and surface roughness. Results: Silorane-based resin composites were more stable in different beverages over time. Conclusion: The effect of interaction of different resin composites, various beverages, and time depended on a multitude of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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40
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Tauböck TT, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Implementation and experience of a new method for posterior vertical bite reconstruction using direct resin composite restorations in the private practice--a survey. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:309-17. [PMID: 21793644 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.600721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present survey was to evaluate the implementation and experience of a new method for posterior vertical bite reconstruction using direct resin composite restorations by private practitioners who attended a hands-on continuing education course on this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the years 2007 and 2008, 17 1-day continuing education courses on vertical bite reconstruction in the worn dentition by using direct resin composite restorations were attended by 310 participants. A 13-item questionnaire was posted to all course participants in April 2009 seeking information on the acceptance, implementation and experience of the presented technique in the private practice. RESULTS A total of 97 (31%) questionnaires were returned, whereas 67% of the respondents had used the presented technique. Analysis of the overall experience and satisfaction with the placed resin composite restorations using visual analog scale (VAS) revealed a mean VAS score of 7.2 ± 1.7 (0 = maximal unsatisfied, 10 = maximal satisfied). The direct resin composite restorations were predominantly rated 'good' within the assessed criteria surface texture, anatomical form, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration and color match. Ninety-eight percent of the private practitioners stated that they would continue to carry out vertical bite reconstructions according to this technique. The three most frequently observed clinical problems were related to marginal discolorations, bulk fractures and adhesive failures. CONCLUSION The presented restoration method was well accepted by private practitioners who used this treatment approach at least once after course participation, even though some clinical problems were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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HAMOUDA IBRAHIMM. Effects of Various Beverages on Hardness, Roughness, and Solubility of Esthetic Restorative Materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2011; 23:315-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2011.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schneider LFJ, Cavalcante LM, Silikas N, Watts DC. Degradation resistance of silorane, experimental ormocer and dimethacrylate resin-based dental composites. J Oral Sci 2011; 53:413-9. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.53.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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43
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Erosion and abrasion of tooth-colored restorative materials and human enamel. J Dent 2009; 37:913-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Wang L, Cefaly DFG, Dos Santos JL, Dos Santos JR, Lauris JRP, Mondelli RFL, Atta MT. In vitro interactions between lactic acid solution and art glass-ionomer cements. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17:274-9. [PMID: 19668984 PMCID: PMC4327641 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Production of acids such as lactic acid contributes to establish a cariogenic environment that leads to dental substrate demineralization. Fluoride plays an important role in this case and, as fluoride-releasing materials, glass-ionomer cements are expected to contribute to minimize deleterious reactions. This study evaluated interactions of glass-ionomer cements used in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART-GICs) with an aqueous lactic acid solution, testing the null hypotheses that no changes occur in the pH of the solution or on the surface roughness and mass of the ART-GICs when exposed to lactic acid solution over a 6-week period. Material and Methods: Ketac Molar, Fuji IX, Vitro Molar and Magic Glass were tested, and compared to Filtek Z250 and Ketac Fil Plus as control groups. Six specimens of each material were made according to manufacturers' instructions. The pH of the solution and roughness and mass changes of each specimen were determined over 6 weeks. Each specimen was individually stored in 2 mL of 0.02 M lactic acid solution for 1 week, renewing the solution every week. pH of solution and mass of the specimens were monitored weekly, and surface roughness of the specimens was assessed before and at the end of the 6-week acid challenge. pH and mass data were analyzed statistically by repeated measures using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests for each material. Paired t-tests were used for roughness analysis. Tukey's post-hoc tests were applied to verify differences of final roughness among the materials. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: The null hypotheses were partially rejected. All materials were able to increase the pH of the lactic acid solution and presented rougher surfaces after immersion, while mass change was minimal and generally not statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings can be helpful to predict the performance of these materials under clinical conditions. A protective action against the carious process with significant surface damage due to erosion may be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Valinoti AC, Neves BG, da Silva EM, Maia LC. Surface degradation of composite resins by acidic medicines and pH-cycling. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 16:257-65. [PMID: 19089257 PMCID: PMC4327534 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572008000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of acidic medicines (Dimetapp® and Claritin®), under pH-cycling conditions, on the surface degradation of four composite resins (microhybrid: TPH, Concept, Opallis and Nanofilled: Supreme). Thirty disc-shaped specimens (Ø = 5.0 mm / thickness = 2.0 mm) of each composite were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): a control and two experimental groups, according to the acidic medicines evaluated. The specimens were finished and polished with aluminum oxide discs, and the surface roughness was measured by using a profilometer. After the specimens were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen and immersion in acidic medicines for 12 days, the surface roughness was measured again. Two specimens for each material and group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after pH-cycling. Data were analyzed by the Student's-t test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and paired t-test (α=0.05). Significant increase in roughness was found only for TPH in the control group and TPH and Supreme immersed in Claritin® (p<0.05). SEM analyses showed that the 4 composite resins underwent erosion and surface degradation after being subjected to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, although the roughness was slightly affected, the pH-cycling and acidic medicines caused surface degradation of the composite resins evaluated. Titratable acidity seemed to play a more crucial role on surface degradation of composite resins than pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Valinoti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Okte Z, Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface Hardness of Resin Composites After Staining and Bleaching. Oper Dent 2006; 31:623-8. [PMID: 17024953 DOI: 10.2341/05-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Beverages, such as wine or coffee, and bleaching agents result in decreases in composite surface microhardness from baseline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Okte
- Department of Pedodontics, University of Ankara, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey.
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Correr GM, Bruschi Alonso RC, Correr Sobrinho L, Puppin-Rontani RM, Ferracane JL. In vitro wear of resin-based materials—Simultaneous corrosive and abrasive wear. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006; 78:105-14. [PMID: 16292764 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the wear of resin-based materials caused by the association of abrasive and corrosive processes. Twenty specimens were prepared for each material, cast in epoxy in acrylic rings, polished, and profiled with an MTS 3D Profiler. Antagonists were made from deciduous molars. Specimens were distributed into eight groups (n = 10), according to the material (Filtek Supreme, Point 4, Dyract AP, and Fuji II LC) and the type of slurry (neutral and acidic), and then cycled 100,000 times in the OHSU oral wear simulator. The specimens were cleaned and reprofiled. Volume loss and maximum depth were determined. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for data analysis (p < 0.05). The area of the wear facet on the antagonist was also measured. Composites displayed less wear than the compomer and the resin-modified glass ionomer. Significant differences also were found for cusp wear, with a significant positive correlation shown between cusp and material wear. The acidic slurry significantly increased the wear of the materials compared to the neutral slurry. Exposure to acidic slurry accelerated the wear of resin-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Maria Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Material Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, 13414-018 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbirojn D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent 2005; 34:214-20. [PMID: 16087287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acidic food and drinks (Cola soft drink, drinking yogurt, orange juice, sports drink, Tom-yum soup) on surface hardness of various substrates (enamel, dentine, universal composite, microfilled composite, conventional glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, polyacid-modified resin composite). METHODS Specimens (n = 10) were alternately immersed, 5 s each, in food or drinks and in artificial saliva for 10 cycles. Baseline and post-immersion Vickers hardness were compared using paired t-test. The difference in hardness between the groups was analysed with one-way ANOVA followed by a least significant different (LSD) test. RESULTS Cola soft drink significantly reduced surface hardness of enamel, dentine, microfilled composite, and resin modified glass ionomer (p < 0.05). Orange juice and sports drink significantly reduced surface hardness of enamel (p < 0.05). Drinking yogurt and Tom-yum soup did not reduce surface hardness of any substrate. CONCLUSION This in vitro study confirms the erosive potential of certain acidic food and drinks that public should be aware of.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wongkhantee
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Prakki A, Cilli R, Mondelli RFL, Kalachandra S, Pereira JC. Influence of pH environment on polymer based dental material properties. J Dent 2005; 33:91-8. [PMID: 15683889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2003] [Revised: 08/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the influence of different pH environments causing degradation to the properties of polymer based materials. DATA AND SOURCES Studies were identified by searching published material in medical and dental literature using general and specialist databases, hand searching key dental journals and searching abstracts from conference proceedings. STUDY SELECTION Evaluation of published laboratory studies regarding the effects of different pH mediums on resin-based material properties. CONCLUSION For laboratory studies, slightly low pH mediums are the ones of choice to best mimic some in vivo conditions, but the effect seems to be slow acting. If the purpose is to accelerate dental composite hydrolysis and produce quick micro-structural damage to evaluate in vitro mechanical performances, suitable alternatives would be the use of high alkaline or very low acidic mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Prakki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo 17912-170, Brazil.
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Ortengren U, Langer S, Göransson A, Lundgren T. Influence of pH and time on organic substance release from a model dental composite: a fluorescence spectrophotometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2005; 112:530-7. [PMID: 15560837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study we assessed the influence of pH and time on the degradation and elution of organic substances from the composite resin material, Z-100. To accomplish this, fluorescence spectrophotometry was evaluated as an appropriate technique for the identification of six organic substances (methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, hydroquinone, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol) that were eluted from resin composite material stored for 24 h or 6 months at pH 4.0, 6.0 or 8.0. In addition, complementary analyses (solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) were carried out to identify and quantify the substances. The main substances leached from the resin composite were methacrylic acid, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and hydroquinone. It was concluded that fluorescence spectrophotometry seems to be a suitable, non-destructive technique for the qualitative analysis of eluted organic components. Critical combinations of time and pH allowed the elution of several organic substances, predominantly methacrylic acid, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and hydroquinone, from the model resin composite, Z-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Ortengren
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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