1
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Issanov A, Adewusi B, Saint-Jacques N, Dummer TJB. Arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer: A systematic review of 35 years of evidence. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116808. [PMID: 38218206 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The association between higher arsenic concentrations in drinking water and lung cancer is well-established. However, the risk associated with lower levels of arsenic exposure remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the evidence on the relationship between exposure to arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer outcomes as measured over a broad range of exposures, including lower levels. A total of 51 studies were included in the review and 15 met criteria for inclusion in meta-analysis. Risk estimates for lung cancer incidence and mortality were pooled and analyzed separately using Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models with a Gaussian observation submodel for log(Risk), computed using the "brms" R package. For lung cancer incidence, the predicted posterior mean relative risks (RRs) at arsenic concentrations of 10, 50 and 150 μg/L were 1.11 (0.86-1.43), 1.67 (1.27-2.17) and 2.21 (1.61-3.02), respectively, with posterior probabilities of 79%, 100% and 100%, respectively, for the RRs to be >1. The posterior mean mortality ratios at 20, 50 and 150 μg/L were 1.22 (0.83-1.78), 2.10 (1.62-2.71) and 2.41 (1.88-3.08), respectively, with posterior probabilities being above 80%. In addition to observing the dose-response relationship, these findings demonstrate that individuals exposed to low to moderate levels of arsenic (<150 μg/L) were at an elevated risk of developing or dying from lung cancer. Given the widespread exposure to lower levels of arsenic, there is an urgent need for vigilance and potential revisions to regulatory guidelines to protect people from the cancer risks associated with arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpamys Issanov
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Betty Adewusi
- Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program, Nova Scotia Health, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program, Nova Scotia Health, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9, Canada; Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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2
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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. Arsenic-induced prostate cancer: an enigma. Med Oncol 2024; 41:50. [PMID: 38184511 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic exhibits varying degrees of toxicity depending on its many chemical forms. The carcinogenic properties of arsenic have already been established. However, the precise processes underlying the development of diseases following acute or chronic exposure to arsenic remain poorly known. Most of the existing investigation has focused on studying the occurrence of cancer following significant exposure to elevated levels of arsenic. Nevertheless, multiple investigations have documented diverse health consequences from prolonged exposure to low levels of arsenic. Inorganic arsenic commonly causes lung, bladder, and skin cancer. Some investigations have shown an association between arsenic in drinking water and prostate cancer, but few investigations have focused on exploring this connection. There is currently a lack of relevant animal models demonstrating a clear link between inorganic arsenic exposure and the development of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, studies using cellular model systems have demonstrated that arsenic can potentially promote the malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells in vitro. The administration of elevated levels of arsenic has been demonstrated to elicit cell death in instances of acute experimental exposure. Conversely, in cases of chronic exposure, arsenic prompts cellular proliferation and sustains cellular viability, thereby circumventing the constraints imposed by telomere shortening and apoptosis. Furthermore, cells consistently exposed to the stimulus exhibit an augmented ability to invade surrounding tissues and an enhanced potential to form tumors. This review aims to portray mechanistic insights into arsenic-induced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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3
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Yao M, Zeng Q, Luo P, Yang G, Li J, Sun B, Liang B, Zhang A. Assessing the health risks of coal-burning arsenic-induced skin damage: A 22-year follow-up study in Guizhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167236. [PMID: 37739080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of arsenic-induced skin damage has always received significant global attention. Theories derived from arsenic exposure in drinking water may not be applicable to the coal-burning type to arsenic-exposed area. Furthermore, very few studies have successfully determined the reference value of cumulative arsenic (CA) exposure that leads to specific skin lesions. In this study, we conducted a 22-year follow-up investigation to assess the risk of skin lesions and cancer resulting from long-term, multi-channel arsenic exposure from hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. The results show that the arsenic exposure can significantly increase the prevalence of skin lesions. For each interquartile range increase of hair arsenic (HA) and CA, the risk of skin damage increased by 1.91 and 3.90 times, respectively. The lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose of HA of arsenic-induced various skin lesions ranged from 0.07 to 0.12 μg·g-1, and 932.57 to 1368.92 mg for CA. The chronic daily intake, lifetime average daily dose in the arsenic-exposed area after the comprehensive prevention and control measures have decreased significantly, but remained higher than the daily baseline level of 3.0 μg·kg-1·d-1. Even as recently as 2020, the hazard quotients and hazard index still exceeded 1, measuring 155.33 and 55.20, and the lifetime excess risk of skin cancer (2.80 × 10-3) remains significantly higher than the acceptable level of 10-6. Our study underscores the effectiveness of comprehensive prevention and control measures in managing high arsenic exposure in coal-burning arsenic poisoning areas. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that the risk of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on the skin remains substantially higher than the acceptable level. We recommend setting reference limits for monitoring skin damage among individuals exposed to arsenic, with a recommended upper limit of 0.07 μg·g-1 for HA and a maximum acceptable level of 935.57 mg for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Yao
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qibing Zeng
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Peng Luo
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guanghong Yang
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Liang
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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4
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Baghery F, Lau LDW, Mohamadi M, Vazirinejad R, Ahmadi Z, Javedani H, Eslami H, Nazari A. Risk of urinary tract cancers following arsenic exposure and tobacco smoking: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5579-5598. [PMID: 37248359 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and kidney cancer, due to their high morbidity and mortality rates, result in significant economic and health care costs. Arsenic exposure affects the drinking water of millions of people worldwide. Long-term exposure to arsenic, even in low concentrations, increases the risk of developing various cancers. Smoking is also one of the leading causes of bladder, prostate and kidney cancers. Accordingly, this research reviews the relationship between arsenic exposure and smoking with three kinds of urinary tract cancers (bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and kidney cancer) due to their widespread concern for their negative impact on public health globally. In this review, we have gathered the most current information from scientific databases [PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ISI web of science] regarding the relationship between arsenic exposure and tobacco smoking with the risk of bladder, prostate, and kidney cancer. In several studies, a significant relationship was determined between the incidence and mortality rate of the above-mentioned cancers in humans with arsenic exposure and tobacco smoking. The decrease or cessation of smoking and consumption of arsenic-free water significantly declined the incidence of bladder, prostate, and kidney cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Baghery
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Mohamadi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, WorldSafety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Vazirinejad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Javedani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hadi Eslami
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, WorldSafety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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5
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Islam R, Zhao L, Zhang X, Liu LZ. MiR-218-5p/EGFR Signaling in Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1204. [PMID: 36831545 PMCID: PMC9954652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a well-known carcinogen inducing lung, skin, bladder, and liver cancer. Abnormal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is common in lung cancer; it is involved in cancer initiation, development, metastasis, and treatment resistance. However, the underlying mechanism for arsenic-inducing EGFR upregulation remains unclear. METHODS RT-PCR and immunoblotting assays were used to detect the levels of miR-218-5p and EGFR expression. The Luciferase assay was used to test the transcriptional activity of EGFR mediated by miR-218-5p. Cell proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, migration assays, tube formation assays, and tumor growth assays were used to study the function of miR-218-5p/EGFR signaling. RESULTS EGFR and miR-218-5p were dramatically upregulated and downregulated in arsenic-induced transformed (As-T) cells, respectively. MiR-218-5p acted as a tumor suppressor to inhibit cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, tube formation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, miR-218-5p directly targeted EGFR by binding to its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Finally, miR-218-5p exerted its antitumor effect by inhibiting its direct target, EGFR. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the vital role of the miR-218-5p/EGFR signaling pathway in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis, which may be helpful for the treatment of lung cancer induced by chronic arsenic exposure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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6
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Ramly N, Ahmad Mahir HM, Wan Azmi WNF, Hashim Z, Hashim JH, Shaharudin R. Arsenic in drinking water, hair, and prevalence of arsenicosis in Perak, Malaysia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:998511. [PMID: 36875418 PMCID: PMC9978706 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.998511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a carcinogen element that occurs naturally in our environment. Humans can be exposed to arsenic through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. However, the most significant exposure pathway is via oral ingestion. Therefore, a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the local arsenic concentration in drinking water and hair. Then, the prevalence of arsenicosis was evaluated to assess the presence of the disease in the community. The study was conducted in two villages, namely Village AG and Village P, in Perak, Malaysia. Socio-demographic data, water consumption patterns, medical history, and signs and symptoms of arsenic poisoning were obtained using questionnaires. In addition, physical examinations by medical doctors were performed to confirm the signs reported by the respondents. A total of 395 drinking water samples and 639 hair samples were collected from both villages. The samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine arsenic concentration. The results showed that 41% of water samples from Village AG contained arsenic concentrations of more than 0.01 mg/L. In contrast, none of the water samples from Village P exceeded this level. Whilst, for hair samples, 85 (13.5%) of total respondents had arsenic levels above 1 μg/g. A total of 18 respondents in Village AG had at least one sign of arsenicosis and hair arsenic levels of more than 1 μg/g. Factors significantly associated with increased arsenic levels in hair were female, increasing age, living in Village AG and smoking. The prevalence of arsenicosis in the exposed village indicates chronic arsenic exposure, and immediate mitigation action needs to be taken to ensure the wellbeing of the residents in the exposed village.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfatehar Ramly
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia.,Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Husna Maizura Ahmad Mahir
- Communicable Disease Control Section, Public Health Division, Perak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nurul Farah Wan Azmi
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zailina Hashim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamal Hisham Hashim
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafiza Shaharudin
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
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7
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Chronic Arsenic Exposure Upregulates the Expression of Basal Transcriptional Factors and Increases Invasiveness of the Non-Muscle Invasive Papillary Bladder Cancer Line RT4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012313. [PMID: 36293167 PMCID: PMC9604142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bladder is a target organ for inorganic arsenic, a carcinogen and common environmental contaminant found in soil and water. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer (BC) that develops into papillary or non-papillary tumors. Papillary tumors are mostly non-muscle invasive (NMIUC), easier treated, and have a better prognosis. Urothelial carcinoma can be molecularly sub-typed as luminal or basal, with papillary tumors generally falling into the luminal category and basal tumors exclusively forming muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas (MIUC). It is unclear why some UCs develop more aggressive basal phenotypes. We hypothesized that chronic arsenic exposure of a papillary luminal bladder cancer would lead to the development of basal characteristics and increase in invasiveness. We treated the human papillary bladder cancer cell line RT4 with 1 µM arsenite (As3+) for twenty passages. Throughout the study, key luminal and basal gene/protein markers in the exposed cells were evaluated and at passage twenty, the cells were injected into athymic mice to evaluate tumor histology and measure protein markers using immunohistochemistry. Our data indicates that chronic As3+- treatment altered cellular morphology and decreased several luminal markers in cell culture. The histology of the tumors generated from the As3+-exposed cells was similar to the parent (non-treated) however, they appeared to be more invasive in the liver and displayed elevated levels of some basal markers. Our study demonstrates that chronic As3+ exposure is able to convert a non-invasive papillary bladder cancer to an invasive form that acquires some basal characteristics.
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8
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Islam R, Zhao L, Wang Y, Lu-Yao G, Liu LZ. Epigenetic Dysregulations in Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184502. [PMID: 36139662 PMCID: PMC9496897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a crucial environmental metalloid whose high toxicity levels negatively impact human health. It poses significant health concerns to millions of people in developed and developing countries such as the USA, Canada, Bangladesh, India, China, and Mexico by enhancing sensitivity to various types of diseases, including cancers. However, how arsenic causes changes in gene expression that results in heinous conditions remains elusive. One of the proposed essential mechanisms that still has seen limited research with regard to causing disease upon arsenic exposure is the dysregulation of epigenetic components. In this review, we have extensively summarized current discoveries in arsenic-induced epigenetic modifications in carcinogenesis and angiogenesis. Importantly, we highlight the possible mechanisms underlying epigenetic reprogramming through arsenic exposure that cause changes in cell signaling and dysfunctions of different epigenetic elements.
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9
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Nikhil, Srivastava SK, Srivastava A, Srivastava M, Prakash R. Electrochemical Sensing of Roxarsone on Natural Biomass-Derived Two-Dimensional Carbon Material as Promising Electrode Material. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2908-2917. [PMID: 35097285 PMCID: PMC8792922 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the electrochemical detection of roxarsone (ROX) on a two-dimensional (2D) activated carbon (AC)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Meso/microporous 2D-AC is synthesized from a natural biomass Desmostachya bipinnata, commonly known as Kusha in India. This environment-friendly material is synthesized by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and used as a sensitive electrochemical platform for the determination of ROX. It is an arsenic-based medicine, also used as a coccidiostat drug. It is widely used in poultry production as a feed additive to increase weight gain and improve feed efficiency. Long-term exposure to arsenic leads to serious health problems in humans and demands an urgent call for sensitive detection of ROX. Therefore, the green synthesis of 2D-AC is introduced as new carbon support for the electrochemical sensing of ROX. It provides a large surface area and efficiently supports enhanced electron transfer. Its electrocatalytic activity is seen in potassium ferri/ferrocyanide by cyclic voltammetry, where the 2D-AC-modified GCE delivered five to six times higher electrochemical performance as compared to the unmodified GCE. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is also performed to show that the prepared material has faster electron transfer and permits a diffusion-controlled process. It works well in real samples and also on disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes, thereby showing great potential for its application in clinical diagnosis. Our results exemplify a modest and innovative style for the synthesis of excellent electrode material in the electrochemical sensing platform and thus offer an inexpensive and highly sensitive novel approach for the electrochemical sensing of ROX and other similar drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil
- School
of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - S. K. Srivastava
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department
of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Monika Srivastava
- School
of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajiv Prakash
- School
of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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10
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Banavar G, Ogundijo O, Toma R, Rajagopal S, Lim YK, Tang K, Camacho F, Torres PJ, Gline S, Parks M, Kenny L, Perlina A, Tily H, Dimitrova N, Amar S, Vuyisich M, Punyadeera C. The salivary metatranscriptome as an accurate diagnostic indicator of oral cancer. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:105. [PMID: 34880265 PMCID: PMC8654845 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, the 5-year mortality rate for oral cancers (OC) is 40%, mainly due to the lack of early diagnostics. To advance early diagnostics for high-risk and average-risk populations, we developed and evaluated machine-learning (ML) classifiers using metatranscriptomic data from saliva samples (n = 433) collected from oral premalignant disorders (OPMD), OC patients (n = 71) and normal controls (n = 171). Our diagnostic classifiers yielded a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.9, sensitivity up to 83% (92.3% for stage 1 cancer) and specificity up to 97.9%. Our metatranscriptomic signature incorporates both taxonomic and functional microbiome features, and reveals a number of taxa and functional pathways associated with OC. We demonstrate the potential clinical utility of an AI/ML model for diagnosing OC early, opening a new era of non-invasive diagnostics, enabling early intervention and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruduth Banavar
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., New York City, USA.
| | - Oyetunji Ogundijo
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Ryan Toma
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Seattle, USA
| | | | - Yen Kai Lim
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- The Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kai Tang
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- The Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francine Camacho
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Pedro J Torres
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Stephanie Gline
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Matthew Parks
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Liz Kenny
- The School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ally Perlina
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Seattle, USA
| | - Hal Tily
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences, Inc., New York City, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- The Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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11
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Ogunlade B, Adelakun SA, Ukwenya VO, Elemoso TT. Potentiating response of D- Ribose-L-Cysteine on Sodium arsenate- induced hormonal imbalance, spermatogenesis impairments and histomorphometric alterations in adult male Wistar rat. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 25:358-367. [PMID: 34105922 PMCID: PMC8312294 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Reproductive toxicity is an important health challenge, mostly associated with exposure to several environmental toxicants. Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic compound naturally present in the environment. This study was carried out to evaluate the dietary supplements of D-Ribose-L-Cysteine against sodium arsenate-induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 32 male rats (150-250g) were randomly divided into four (4) groups (n=8). Group A received normal saline as placebo; Group B received 8mg/kg BW of Sodium arsenate only; Group C received 8mg/kg BW of Sodium arsenate and 10 mg/kg BW of D-Ribose- L-cysteine; Group D received 8mg/kg BW of Sodium arsenate and 30 mg/kg BW of D-Ribose- L-cysteine. All administration was done via oral gavage for 28 days, thereafter the animals were sedated with pentobarbital sodium (intraperitoneally); we obtained testes and blood serum for analysis. Results: The results showed abnormal testicular morphology with degeneration and decrease in spermatogonia, vacuolation and empty lumen, intense necrosis, spermatogenesis disruption (decrease sperm count, motility, viability) and degraded germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, reduction in the hormone profile (FSH, LH, and TT) and oxidative stress parameters (CAT, GSH, and SOD) with a corresponding increase in MDA level in the arsenic-only treated rats (group B) compared to their control counterparts (group A), but it was ameliorated after DRLC administration, both in low and high doses, respectively. Conclusions: D-Ribose-L-Cysteine attenuated distorted testicular morphology, altered semen characteristics, hormone profile, and oxidative stress markers by preventing the deleterious toxicity of sodium arsenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ogunlade
- Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State
| | - S A Adelakun
- Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State
| | - V O Ukwenya
- Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State
| | - T T Elemoso
- Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State
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12
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Kozel BA, Barak B, Ae Kim C, Mervis CB, Osborne LR, Porter M, Pober BR. Williams syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:42. [PMID: 34140529 PMCID: PMC9437774 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a relatively rare microdeletion disorder that occurs in as many as 1:7,500 individuals. WS arises due to the mispairing of low-copy DNA repetitive elements at meiosis. The deletion size is similar across most individuals with WS and leads to the loss of one copy of 25-27 genes on chromosome 7q11.23. The resulting unique disorder affects multiple systems, with cardinal features including but not limited to cardiovascular disease (characteristically stenosis of the great arteries and most notably supravalvar aortic stenosis), a distinctive craniofacial appearance, and a specific cognitive and behavioural profile that includes intellectual disability and hypersociability. Genotype-phenotype evidence is strongest for ELN, the gene encoding elastin, which is responsible for the vascular and connective tissue features of WS, and for the transcription factor genes GTF2I and GTF2IRD1, which are known to affect intellectual ability, social functioning and anxiety. Mounting evidence also ascribes phenotypic consequences to the deletion of BAZ1B, LIMK1, STX1A and MLXIPL, but more work is needed to understand the mechanism by which these deletions contribute to clinical outcomes. The age of diagnosis has fallen in regions of the world where technological advances, such as chromosomal microarray, enable clinicians to make the diagnosis of WS without formally suspecting it, allowing earlier intervention by medical and developmental specialists. Phenotypic variability is considerable for all cardinal features of WS but the specific sources of this variability remain unknown. Further investigation to identify the factors responsible for these differences may lead to mechanism-based rather than symptom-based therapies and should therefore be a high research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Kozel
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience and The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolyn B. Mervis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Lucy R. Osborne
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Porter
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara R. Pober
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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13
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Zhao R, Wang B, Guo Y, Zhang J, Chen D, He WM, Zhao YJ, Ding Y, Jin C, Li C, Zhao Y, Ren W, Fang L. Quantitative proteomics reveals arsenic attenuates stem-loop binding protein stability via a chaperone complex containing heat shock proteins and ERp44. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100035. [PMID: 34132035 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic pollution impacts health of millions of people in the world. Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogenic agent in skin and lung cancers. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) binds to the stem-loop of the canonical histone mRNA and regulates its metabolism during cell cycle. Our previous work has shown arsenic induces ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degradation of SLBP and contributes to lung cancer. In this study, we established the first comprehensive SLBP interaction network by affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis, and further demonstrated arsenic enhanced the association between SLBP and a crucial chaperone complex containing heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ERp44. Strikingly, knockdown of these proteins markedly rescued the protein level of SLBP under arsenic exposure conditions, and abolished the increasing migration capacity of BEAS-2B cells induced by arsenic. Taken together, our study provides a potential new mechanism that a chaperone complex containing HSPs and ERp44 attenuates the stability of SLBP under both normal and arsenic exposure conditions, which could be essential for arsenic-induced high cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binghao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wei Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yibing Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chaojun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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14
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GT-Repeat Polymorphism in the HO-1 Gene Promoter Is Associated with Risk of Liver Cancer: A Follow-Up Study from Arseniasis-Endemic Areas in Taiwan. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071489. [PMID: 33916685 PMCID: PMC8038349 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to have therapeutic potential in experimental models of hepatitis and liver fibrosis, which are closely related to liver cancer. In humans, HO-1 induction is transcriptionally modulated by the length of a GT-repeat [(GT)n] in the promoter region. We aimed to investigate the effect of HO-1 (GT)n variants on liver cancer in a human population. We determined the HO-1 genotype in 1153 study subjects and examined their association with liver cancer risk during a 15.9-year follow-up. Allelic polymorphisms were classified as short [S, <27 (GT)n] or long [L, ≥27 (GT)n]. Newly developed cancer cases were identified through linkage to the National Cancer Registry of Taiwan. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the HO-1 (GT)n variants. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cirrhosis history were also examined. The S/S genotype was found to be significantly associated with liver cancer risk, compared to the L/S and L/L genotypes. The S/S genotype group also had a higher percentage of subjects with abnormal AFP levels than other groups. There were significant percentages of cirrhosis among groups who carried S-alleles. Our findings indicate that short (GT)n variants in the HO-1 gene may confer susceptibility to rather than protection from liver cirrhosis/cancer.
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15
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Lamm SH, Boroje IJ, Ferdosi H, Ahn J. A review of low-dose arsenic risks and human cancers. Toxicology 2021; 456:152768. [PMID: 33781801 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model has historically been the default assumption in assessing carcinogenic risk from arsenic ingestion based on epidemiological studies. This contrasts with the threshold model used in assessing carcinogenic risk from arsenic ingestion derived from toxicological investigations of experimental animals. We present here a review of our epidemiological work that has examined models that may better explain the human cancer risk from the ingestion of arsenic, particularly from low level exposures, than does the LNT model. While previous epidemiology studies have demonstrated increased risks of bladder, lung, and skin cancers at arsenic exposures of 200 ug/L or greater, we seek here to examine the dose-response patterns at lower exposure levels. These include ecological, case/control, and cohort designs. Methodologic issues include choice of continuous or stratified analysis of exposure data, search for sources of non-conformity or variability, and distinctions in water sources and geography. Multiple studies have yielded useful data-based models, including threshold models, hockey-stick models, and "J-shaped" linear-quadratic models. These models have found that increased cancer risk may only begin at specific arsenic exposure levels greater than zero. These results provide guidance in seeking toxicological explanations and public health reference levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Lamm
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC, 20016, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Isabella J Boroje
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC, 20016, USA; Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Hamid Ferdosi
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC, 20016, USA; Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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16
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Chandio TA, Khan MN, Muhammad MT, Yalcinkaya O, Wasim AA, Kayis AF. Fluoride and arsenic contamination in drinking water due to mining activities and its impact on local area population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2355-2368. [PMID: 32880840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of arsenic and fluoride in drinking water reservoirs is a serious health issue in the Sibi district, Balochistan, Pakistan. The contamination has already been affecting a large population of the district. Dental fluorosis and dermatitis are the most common reported illnesses in the area. This study focused on the evaluation of the root causes and pathway by which it reached to the body. Questioner analysis, simple examination, and pictorial representation were used to study the prevalence of diseases caused by As and F. People of the Sibi district were found to consume both surface and groundwater, which were highly contaminated with arsenic and fluoride. The saturation index, ranging from 1 to 7, showed high enrichment of contaminants in both types of water. Geochemical calculations and the sodium absorption ratio were evaluated. High values of the saturation index of different salts showed high saturation of salts in water. The principal component analysis grouped the data into three clusters, showing that the surface water has no resemblance with the control water. High degree of contamination was observed for most of the samples, whereas, some samples of ground water were closed to the control group; a group of samples within WHO limits. The correlation studies and other calculations also revealed that the F and As reached lethal limits in the drinking water and thus caused severe health damage to the local area population. The diseases found in the area are fluorosis, keratosis, dermatitis, and melanosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasawar Ali Chandio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Maria Taj Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ozcan Yalcinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Agha Arslan Wasim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ahmet Furkan Kayis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Understanding the Relationship between Environmental Arsenic and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness among African-American and European-American Men in North Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228364. [PMID: 33198142 PMCID: PMC7697081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-level exposure to arsenic, a known carcinogen and endocrine disruptor, is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. Whether low-level exposure is associated with PCa aggressiveness remains unknown. We examined the association between urinary arsenic and PCa aggressiveness among men in North Carolina. This cross-sectional study included 463 African-American and 491 European-American men with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. PCa aggressiveness was defined as low aggressive (Gleason score < 7, stage = cT1–cT2, and PSA < 10 ng/mL) versus intermediate/high aggressive (all other cases). Total arsenic and arsenical species (inorganic arsenic (iAsIII + iAsV), arsenobetaine, monomethyl arsenic, and dimethyl arsenic)) and specific gravity were measured in spot urine samples obtained an average of 23.7 weeks after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCa aggressiveness in association with arsenic tertiles/quantiles overall and by race. The highest (vs. lowest) tertile of total arsenic was associated with PCa aggressiveness ORs of 1.77 (95% CI = 1.05–2.98) among European-American men, and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.57–1.56) among African-American men (PInteraction = 0.04). In contrast, total arsenic and arsenical species were not associated with PCa aggressiveness in unstratified models. Low-level arsenic exposure may be associated with PCa aggressiveness among European-Americans, but not among African-Americans.
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18
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Garnier R, Mathieu-Huart A, Ronga-Pezeret S, Nouyrigat E, Benoit P, Goullé JP, Granon C, Manel J, Manouchehri N, Nisse P, Normand JC, Roulet A, Simon F, Gabach P, Tournoud C. Exposition de la population française à l’arsenic inorganique. Identification de valeurs toxicologiques de référence. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Liu Y, Liu F, Liang W, Zhu L, Lantz RC, Zhu J, Chen Y. Arsenic represses airway epithelial mucin expression by affecting retinoic acid signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114959. [PMID: 32201329 PMCID: PMC10510759 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, found in high concentrations worldwide. Although abundant research has dealt with arsenic-induced cancers, studies on mechanisms of non-malignant lung diseases have not been complete. In addition, decades of research have mostly concentrated on high-dose arsenic exposure, which has very limited use in modeling the biological effects of today's low-dose exposures. Indeed, accumulated evidence has shown that low-dose arsenic exposure (i.e. ≤100 ppb) may also alter lung homeostasis by causing host susceptibility to viral infection. However, the underlying mechanism of this alteration is unknown. In this study, we found that low-dose sodium arsenite (As (III)) repressed major airway mucins-MUC5AC and MUC5B at both mRNA and protein levels. We further demonstrated that this repression was not caused by cellular toxicity or mediated by the reduction of a common mucin-inducing pathway-EGFR. Other established mucin activators- dsRNA, IL1β or IL17 were not able to override As (III)-induced mucin repression. Interestingly, the suppressing effect of As (III) appeared to be partially reversible, and supplementation of all trans retinoic acid (t-RA) doses dependently restored mucin gene expression. Further analyses indicated that As (III) treatment significantly reduced the protein level of retinoic acid receptors (RARα, γ and RXRα) as well as RARE promoter reporter activity. Therefore, our study fills in an important knowledge gap in the field of low-dose arsenic exposure. The interference of RA signaling, and mucin gene expression may be important pathogenic factors in low-dose arsenic induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Liu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America
| | - Weifeng Liang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America
| | - Lingxiang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America
| | - R Clark Lantz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America
| | - Jiapeng Zhu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America; Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America.
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20
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Ahn J, Boroje IJ, Ferdosi H, Kramer ZJ, Lamm SH. Prostate Cancer Incidence in U.S. Counties and Low Levels of Arsenic in Drinking Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030960. [PMID: 32033184 PMCID: PMC7036874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although inorganic arsenic in drinking water at high levels (100s–1000s μg/L [ppb]) increases cancer risk (skin, bladder, lung, and possibly prostate), the evidence at lower levels is limited. Methods: We conducted an ecologic analysis of the dose-response relationship between prostate cancer incidence and low arsenic levels in drinking water in a large study of U.S. counties (N = 710). County arsenic levels were <200 ug/L with median <100 ug/L and dependency greater than 10%. Groundwater well usage, water arsenic levels, prostate cancer incidence rates (2009–2013), and co-variate data were obtained from various U.S. governmental agencies. Poisson and negative-binomial regression analyses and stratified analysis were performed. Results: The best fitting polynomial analysis yielded a J-shaped linear-quadratic model. Linear and quadratic terms were significant (p < 0.001) in the Poisson model, and the quadratic term was significant (p < 0.05) in the negative binomial model. This model indicated a decreasing risk of prostate cancer with increasing arsenic level in the low range and increasing risk above. Conclusions: This study of prostate cancer incidence in US counties with low levels of arsenic in their well-water arsenic levels finds a j-shaped model with decreasing risk at very low levels and increasing risk at higher levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Isabella J. Boroje
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC 20016, USA; (I.J.B.); (H.F.); (Z.J.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Hamid Ferdosi
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC 20016, USA; (I.J.B.); (H.F.); (Z.J.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Zachary J. Kramer
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC 20016, USA; (I.J.B.); (H.F.); (Z.J.K.)
| | - Steven H. Lamm
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC 20016, USA; (I.J.B.); (H.F.); (Z.J.K.)
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Smits JE, Krohn RM, Akhtar E, Hore SK, Yunus M, Vandenberg A, Raqib R. Food as medicine: Selenium enriched lentils offer relief against chronic arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108561. [PMID: 31299617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic (As) exposure is a major environmental threat to human health affecting >100 million people worldwide. Low blood selenium (Se) increases the risk of As-induced health problems. Our aim was to reduce As toxicity through a naturally Se-rich lentil diet. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control trial in Bangladesh, 405 participants chronically exposed to As were enrolled. The intervention arm (Se-group) consumed Se-rich lentils (55 μg Se/day); the control arm received lentils of similar nutrient profile except with low Se (1.5 μg Se/day). Anthropometric measurements, blood, urine and stool samples, were taken at baseline, 3 and 6 months; hair at baseline and 6 months after intervention. Morbidity data were collected fortnightly. Measurements included total As in all biological samples, As metabolites in urine, and total Se in blood and urine. Intervention with Se-rich lentils resulted in higher urinary As excretion (p = 0.001); increased body mass index (p ≤ 0.01), and lower incidence of asthma (p = 0.05) and allergy (p = 0.02) compared to the control group. The Se-group demonstrated increased excretion of urinary As metabolite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) at 6 months compared to control group (p = 0.008). Consuming Se-rich lentils can increase As excretion and improve the health indicators in the presence of continued As exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit E Smits
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Regina M Krohn
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Samar Kumar Hore
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yunus
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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22
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Biswas A, Swain S, Chowdhury NR, Joardar M, Das A, Mukherjee M, Roychowdhury T. Arsenic contamination in Kolkata metropolitan city: perspective of transportation of agricultural products from arsenic-endemic areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22929-22944. [PMID: 31177413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure route for humans is through the drinking of contaminated water and intake of arsenic-contaminated foods, particularly in arsenic-exposed areas of Bengal delta. Transport of the arsenic-contaminated crops and vegetables grown using arsenic-contaminated groundwater and soil in arsenic-exposed areas to the uncontaminated sites and consequent dietary intakes leads to great threats for the population residing in non-endemic areas with respect to consumption of arsenic through drinking water. We have studied the food materials collected from 30 families and their dietary habits, apparently who consume arsenic-free drinking water as well as 9 well-known markets of Kolkata city. The total and inorganic arsenic intake has been estimated from the collected foodstuffs from the market basket survey (n = 93) and household survey (n = 139), respectively for human risk analysis. About 100% of the collected samples contained detectable amount of arsenic (range 24-324 μg/kg), since the origin of the food materials was somewhere from arsenic-endemic areas. The daily consumption of inorganic arsenic (iAs) from rice grain and vegetables for adult and children is 76 μg and 41.4 μg, respectively. Inorganic arsenic (mainly arsenite and arsenate) contributes approximately 88% of the total content of arsenic in vegetable. In most of the cases, insufficient nutrient intake by the studied population may lead to arsenic toxicity in the long run. An independent cancer risk assessment study on the same population indicates that the main risk of cancer might appear through the intake of arsenic-contaminated rice grain and cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Biswas
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Shresthashree Swain
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | | | - Madhurima Joardar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Antara Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Meenakshi Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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23
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Lundqvist J, Helmersson E, Oskarsson A. Hormetic Dose Response of NaAsO 2 on Cell Proliferation of Prostate Cells in Vitro: Implications for Prostate Cancer Initiation and Therapy. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819843374. [PMID: 31065237 PMCID: PMC6488789 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819843374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) has been suggested to play a role both in initiation/progression of prostate cancer and as a future antiprostate cancer drug. We have studied the effects of NaAsO2 on cell proliferation of prostate cancer and noncancer cells, breast cancer cells, and adrenocortical carcinoma cells in vitro. Further, we have investigated the effect of NaAsO2 on the androgen receptor. We report that NaAsO2 alters the cell proliferation of prostate cells, in a hormetic manner, by increasing cell proliferation at low concentrations and decreasing the cell proliferation at high concentrations. No activation of the androgen receptor was detected. We conclude that NaAsO2 is able to increase cell proliferation of prostate cells in vitro at low concentrations, while it decreases cell viability at high concentrations. This novel finding has to be further addressed if NaAsO2 should be developed into an antiprostate cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Helmersson
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tsuji JS, Chang ET, Gentry PR, Clewell HJ, Boffetta P, Cohen SM. Dose-response for assessing the cancer risk of inorganic arsenic in drinking water: the scientific basis for use of a threshold approach. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:36-84. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1573804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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25
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Matthews NH, Fitch K, Li WQ, Morris JS, Christiani DC, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Exposure to Trace Elements and Risk of Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:3-21. [PMID: 30297516 PMCID: PMC6324965 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental trace elements has been studied in relation to many cancers. However, an association between exposure to trace elements and skin cancer remains less understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of published epidemiologic literature examining the association between exposure to trace elements, and risk of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma in humans. We identified epidemiologic studies investigating exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, selenium, and zinc and risk of skin cancer in humans. Among the minerals, arsenic, selenium, and zinc had more than five studies available. Exposure to arsenic was associated with increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma, while too few studies existed on melanoma to draw conclusions. Exposure to selenium was associated with possible increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma. Studies of zinc and skin cancer were case-control in design and were found to have inconsistent associations. The data on the association between cadmium, chromium, copper, and iron and risk of skin cancer remain too sparse to draw any conclusions. In summary, epidemiologic studies on exposure to trace elements and cutaneous malignancies are limited. Studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are warranted to improve our knowledge of trace elements and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H Matthews
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Fitch
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - J Steven Morris
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri-Columbia and Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Lamm SH, Boroje IJ, Ferdosi H, Ahn J. Lung Cancer Risk and Low (≤50 μg/L) Drinking Water Arsenic Levels for US Counties (2009⁻2013)-A Negative Association. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061200. [PMID: 29880761 PMCID: PMC6025287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While epidemiologic studies clearly demonstrate drinking water with high levels of arsenic as a significant risk factor for lung cancer, the evidence at low levels (≤50 μg/L) is uncertain. Therefore, we have conducted an ecological analysis of recent lung cancer incidence for US counties with a groundwater supply of <50 μg/L, the historical limit for both the EPA and WHO. Data sources used included USGS for arsenic exposure, NCI for lung cancer outcome, and CDC and US Census Bureau forcovariates. Poisson log-linear models were conducted for male, female, and total populations using for exposure median county arsenic level, maximum arsenic level ≤50 μg/L, and ≥80% population groundwater dependency. Statistically significant negative associations were found in each of the six models in which the exposure was limited to those who had major exposure (≥80% dependency) to low-levels of arsenic (≤50 μg/L). This is the first large ecological study of lung cancer risk from drinking water arsenic levels that specifically examined the dose-response slope for populations whose exposure was below the historical limit of ≤50 μg/L. The models for each of the three populations (total; male; female) demonstrated an association that is both negative and statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Lamm
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Isabella J Boroje
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Hamid Ferdosi
- Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Cheng YY, Chang YT, Cheng HL, Shen KH, Sung JM, Guo HR. Associations between arsenic in drinking water and occurrence of end-stage renal disease with modifications by comorbidities: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:581-591. [PMID: 29353796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic may affect the function of proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli, but epidemiological data on the association between arsenic ingestion and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are limited. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan, where the incidence of ESRD is the highest in the world, to study the potential association. Using the National Health Insurance Database in Taiwan, we constructed a cohort of 362,505 members with age≥40years in 1998. We identified patients of ESRD newly diagnosed between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2010 and performed Cox proportional hazard regressions to identify risk factors for ESRD and evaluate their effects. Arsenic levels in drinking water were assessed on the basis of a nationwide census survey conducted by the government, of which measurement reports were available for 311 townships. We identified 5442 new patient of ESRD during the study period and found that residents of areas with arsenic levels≥50μg/L in the drinking water had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.21) for ESRD. After adjusting for sex, age, income, and comorbidities, we found an adjusted HR of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06-1.19), which was still statistically significant. Furthermore, the effect was modified by comorbidities, with more prominent effects on patients with less than three comorbidities (adjusted HR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.22-1.86 for low comorbidity score). In conclusion, a high arsenic level in drinking water was a risk factor for ESRD, independent of other documented risk factors. Reducing high-risk comorbidities in patients with early-stage renal dysfunction is important for slowing the progression of the disease to ESRD, even in the endemic area of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hung Shen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junne-Ming Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Occupational Safety, Health, and Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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28
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Lin YC, Chen WJ, Huang CY, Shiue HS, Su CT, Ao PL, Pu YS, Hsueh YM. Polymorphisms of Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase and Arsenic Methylation Capacity Affect the Risk of Bladder Cancer. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:328-338. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital
- Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin Chu Branch, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tien Su
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pui-Lam Ao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Vella V, Malaguarnera R, Lappano R, Maggiolini M, Belfiore A. Recent views of heavy metals as possible risk factors and potential preventive and therapeutic agents in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 457:57-72. [PMID: 27773847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in many industrialized countries. A role for androgens in prostate tumor progression is well recognized, while estrogens may cooperate with androgens in prostate carcinogenesis. The incidence of prostate cancer is highly variable in the different countries, suggesting an important role of environmental factors. Heavy metals are common environmental contaminants and some of them are confirmed or suspected human carcinogens. Some metals are endowed with estrogenic and/or androgenic activities and may play a role as cancer risk factors through this mechanism. Moreover, prostate cancer may present alterations in the intracellular balance of trace metals, such as zinc and copper, which are involved in several regulatory proteins. Herein, we review the possible role of environmental heavy metals and of metal-dyshomeostasis in prostate cancer development and promotion as well as the potential use of some metals in the prevention and therapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Science, Motor Sciences, University "Kore" of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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30
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Roh T, Lynch CF, Weyer P, Wang K, Kelly KM, Ludewig G. Low-level arsenic exposure from drinking water is associated with prostate cancer in Iowa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:338-343. [PMID: 28841521 PMCID: PMC5623650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a toxic naturally occurring element in soil and water in many regions of the US including the Midwest. Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men in Iowa, surpassed only by non-melanotic skin cancer. Epidemiology studies have evaluated arsenic exposure from drinking water and prostate cancer, but most have focused on high-level exposures outside the US. As drinking water from groundwater sources is a major source of arsenic exposure, we conducted an ecologic study to evaluate prostate cancer and arsenic in drinking water from public water sources and private wells in Iowa, where exposure levels are low, but duration of exposure can be long. Arsenic data from public water systems were obtained from the Iowa Safe Drinking Water Information System for the years 1994-2003 and for private wells from two Iowa Well Water Studies, the Iowa Community Private Well Study (ICPWS, 2002-2003) and Iowa Statewide Rural Well Water Survey Phase 2 (SWIRL2, 2006-2008) that provided data for 87 Iowa counties. Prostate cancer incidence data from 2009 to 2013 for Iowa were obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results' SEER*Stat software. County averages of water arsenic levels varied from 1.08 to 18.6 ppb, with three counties above the current 10 ppb limit. Based on the tertiles of arsenic levels, counties were divided into three groups: low (1.08-2.06 ppb), medium (2.07-2.98 ppb), and high (2.99-18.6 ppb). Spatial Poisson regression modeling was conducted to estimate the risk ratios (RR) of prostate cancer by tertiles of arsenic level at a county level, adjusted for demographic and risk factors. The RR of prostate cancer were 1.23 (95% CI, 1.16-1.30) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.21-1.35) in the medium and high groups, respectively, compared to the low group after adjusting for risk factors. The RR increased to 1.36 (95% CI, 1.28-1.45) in the high group when analyses were restricted to aggressive prostate cancers (Gleason score ≥ 7). This study shows a significant dose-dependent association between low-level arsenic exposure and prostate cancer, and if this result is replicated in future individual-level studies, may suggest that 10 ppb is not protective for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Roh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Charles F Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Peter Weyer
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kevin M Kelly
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Gabriele Ludewig
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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31
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32
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Kim TH, Seo JW, Hong YS, Song KH. Case-control study of chronic low-level exposure of inorganic arsenic species and non-melanoma skin cancer. J Dermatol 2017; 44:1374-1379. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Dong-A University Heavy Metal Exposure Environmental Health Center; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Dong-A University Heavy Metal Exposure Environmental Health Center; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan Korea
| | - Ki-Hoon Song
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Dong-A University; Busan Korea
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33
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Hsueh YM, Su CT, Shiue HS, Chen WJ, Pu YS, Lin YC, Tsai CS, Huang CY. Levels of plasma selenium and urinary total arsenic interact to affect the risk for prostate cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28634111 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether plasma selenium levels modified the risk for prostate cancer (PC) related to arsenic exposure. We conducted a case-control study that included 318 PC patients and 318 age-matched, healthy control subjects. Urinary arsenic profiles were examined using HPLC-HG-AAS and plasma selenium levels were measured by ICP-MS. We found that plasma selenium levels displayed a significant dose-dependent inverse association with PC. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for PC was 0.07 (0.04-0.13) among participants with a plasma selenium level >28.06 μg/dL vs. ≤19.13 μg/dL. A multivariate analysis showed that participants with a urinary total arsenic concentration >29.28 μg/L had a significantly higher OR (1.75, 1.06-2.89) for PC than participants with ≤29.89 μg/L. The combined presence of a low plasma selenium level and a high urinary total arsenic concentration exponentially increased the OR for PC, and additively interacted with PSA at levels ≥20 ng/mL. This is the first epidemiological study to examine the combined effects of plasma selenium and urinary total arsenic levels on the OR for PC. Our data suggest a low plasma selenium level coupled with a high urinary total arsenic concentration creates a significant risk for aggressive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tien Su
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shung Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shiuan Tsai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin Chu Branch, Hsin Chu City, Taiwan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to delineate the following: (1) the primary means of inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure for human populations, (2) the adverse public health outcomes associated with chronic iAs exposure, (3) the pathophysiological connection between arsenic and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and (4) the incipient evidence for microRNAs as candidate mechanistic links between iAs exposure and T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Exposure to iAs in animal models has been associated with the dysfunction of several different cell types and tissues, including liver and pancreatic islets. Many microRNAs that have been identified as responsive to iAs exposure under in vitro and/or in vivo conditions have also been shown in independent studies to regulate processes that underlie T2D etiology, such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Defects in insulin secretion could be, in part, associated with aberrant microRNA expression and activity. Additional in vivo studies need to be performed with standardized concentrations and durations of arsenic exposure in order to evaluate rigorously microRNAs as molecular drivers of iAs-associated diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Beck
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Miroslav Styblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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35
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Liang CP, Chien YC, Jang CS, Chen CF, Chen JS. Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Due to Arsenic Exposure through Drinking Groundwater in Taiwan's Pingtung Plain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010081. [PMID: 28098817 PMCID: PMC5295332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic (As) exposure continues to be a public health problem of major concern worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of people. A long-term groundwater quality survey has revealed that 20% of the groundwater in southern Taiwan’s Pingtung Plain is clearly contaminated with a measured As concentration in excess of the maximum level of 10 µg/L recommended by the World Health Organization. The situation is further complicated by the fact that more than half of the inhabitants in this area continue to use groundwater for drinking. Efforts to assess the health risk associated with the ingestion of As from the contaminated drinking water are required in order to determine the priorities for health risk management. The conventional approach to conducting a human health risk assessment may be insufficient for this purpose, so this study adopts a geostatistical Kriging method to perform a spatial analysis of the health risk associated with ingesting As through drinking groundwater in the Pingtung Plain. The health risk is assessed based on the hazard quotient (HQ) and target cancer risk (TR) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The results show that most areas where the HQ exceeds 1 are in the southwestern part of the study area. In addition, the high-population density townships of Daliao, Linyuan, Donggang, Linbian, Jiadong, and Fangliao presently have exceedingly high TR values that are two orders of magnitude higher than the acceptable standard. Thus, the use of groundwater for drinking in these townships should be strictly avoided. A map that delineates areas with high TR values and high population densities is provided. The findings broaden the scope of the spatial analysis of human health risk and provide a basis for improving the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ping Liang
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chi Chien
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Shin Jang
- Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, Kainan University, Taoyuan 338, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Fang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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36
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Singh B, Kulawiec M, Owens KM, Singh A, Singh KK. Sustained Early Disruption of Mitochondrial Function Contributes to Arsenic-Induced Prostate Tumorigenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1089-1100. [PMID: 27908234 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen that affects millions of people worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis are unclear. Several epidemiological studies have suggested increased prostate cancer incidence and mortality due to exposure to arsenic. Due to lack of an animal model of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, we used a prostate epithelial cell culture model to identify a role for mitochondria in arsenic-induced prostate cancer. Mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential was impacted within a few hours of arsenic exposure of non-neoplastic prostate epithelial cells. Chronic arsenic treatment induced mutations in mitochondrial genes and altered mitochondrial functions. Human non-neoplastic prostate epithelial cells continuously cultured for seven months in the presence of 5 µM arsenite showed tumorigenic properties in vitro and induced tumors in SCID mice, which indicated transformation of these cells. Protein and mRNA expression of subunits of mtOXPHOS complex I were decreased in arsenic-transformed cells. Alterations in complex I, a main site for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as increased expression of ROS-producing NOX4 in arsenic-transformed cells suggested a role of oxidative stress in tumorigenic transformation of prostate epithelial cells. Whole genome cGH array analyses of arsenic-transformed prostate cells identified extensive genomic instability. Our study revealed mitochondrial dysfunction induced oxidative stress and decreased expression of p53 in arsenic-transformed cells as an underlying mechanism of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomic instability. These studies suggest that early changes in mitochondrial functions are sustained during prolong arsenic exposure. Overall, our study provides evidence that arsenic disruption of mitochondrial function is an early and key step in tumorigenic transformation of prostate epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Genetics, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Sundararaghavan VL, Sindhwani P, Hinds TD. Glucuronidation and UGT isozymes in bladder: new targets for the treatment of uroepithelial carcinomas? Oncotarget 2017; 8:3640-3648. [PMID: 27690298 PMCID: PMC5356909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer has been linked to numerous toxins which can be concentrated in the bladder after being absorbed into the blood and filtered by the kidneys. Excessive carcinogenic load to the bladder urothelium may result in the development of cancer. However, enzymes within the bladder can metabolize carcinogens into substrates that are safer. Importantly, these proteins, namely the UGT's (uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases), have been shown to possibly prevent bladder cancer. Also, studies have shown that the UGT1 expression is decreased in uroepithelial carcinomas, which may allow for the accumulation of carcinogens in the bladder. In this review, we discuss the UGT system and its' protective role against bladder cancer, UGT genetic mutations that modulate risk from chemicals and environmental toxins, as well as targeting of the UGT enzymes by nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram L. Sundararaghavan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
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38
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Lin YW, Wang SS, Wen YC, Tung MC, Lee LM, Yang SF, Chien MH. Genetic Variations of Melatonin Receptor Type 1A are Associated with the Clinicopathologic Development of Urothelial Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1130-1135. [PMID: 29104467 PMCID: PMC5666544 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin counteracts tumor occurrence and tumor cell progression in several cancer types in vitro and in vivo. It acts predominantly through its melatonin receptor type 1A (MTNR1A), and genetic variations of MTNR1A affect the susceptibility several diseases and cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of MTNR1A gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to and clinicopathological characteristics of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). We recruited 272 patients with UCC and 272 normal controls to analyze three common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2119882, rs13140012, and rs6553010) of MTNR1A related to cancer risk and clinicopathological relevance according to a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that these three SNPs of MTNR1A were not associated with UCC susceptibility. However, patients with UCC who had at least one G allele of MTNR1A rs6553010 (in intron 1) were at higher risk (1.768-fold, 95% confidence interval: 1.068~1.849) of developing an invasive stage (p < 0.026), compared to those patients with AA homozygotes. In conclusion, polymorphic genotypes of rs6553010 of MTNR1A might contribute to the ability to predict aggressive phenotypes of UCC. This is the first study to provide insights into risk factors associated with intronic MTNR1A variants in the clinicopathologic development of UCC in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rahman MT, De Ley M. Arsenic Induction of Metallothionein and Metallothionein Induction Against Arsenic Cytotoxicity. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 240:151-168. [PMID: 27115674 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to arsenic (As) can lead to oxidative stress that can become evident in organs such as the skin, liver, kidneys and lungs. Several intracellular antioxidant defense mechanisms including glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) have been shown to minimize As cytotoxicity. The current review summarizes the involvement of MT as an intracellular defense mechanism against As cytotoxicity, mostly in blood. Zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) supplements are also proposed as a possible remediation of As cytotoxicity. In vivo and in vitro studies on As toxicity were reviewed to summarize cytotoxic mechanisms of As. Intracellular antioxidant defense mechanisms of MT are linked in relation to As cytotoxicity. Arsenic uses a different route, compared to major metal MT inducers such as Zn, to enter/exit blood cells. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies showed that upregulated MT biosynthesis in blood components are related to toxic levels of As. Despite the cysteine residues in MT that aid to bind As, MT is not the preferred binding protein for As. Nonetheless, intracellular oxidative stress due to As toxicity can be minimized, if not eliminated, by MT. Thus MT induction by essential metals such as Zn and Se supplementation could be beneficial to fight against As toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc De Ley
- Laboratorium voor Biochemie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, Postbus 2413, 3001, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
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Chen X, Guo X, He P, Nie J, Yan X, Zhu J, Zhang L, Mao G, Wu H, Liu Z, Aga D, Xu P, Smith M, Ren X. Interactive Influence of N6AMT1 and As3MT Genetic Variations on Arsenic Metabolism in the Population of Inner Mongolia, China. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:124-134. [PMID: 27637898 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure via drinking water has become a worldwide public health concern. In humans, inorganic arsenic (iAs) is metabolized to monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) mainly mediated by arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3MT). We reported recently that N-6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 (N6AMT1) was involved in arsenic metabolism, and examined its interactive effect with As3MT on arsenic metabolism in vitro To further evaluate the interactive effect of N6AMT1 and As3MT on arsenic biomethylation in humans, we conducted a human population-based study including 289 subjects living in rural villages in Inner Mongolia, China, and assessed their urinary arsenic metabolites profiles in relation to genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of N6AMT1 and As3MT Five N6AMT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1003671, rs7282257, rs2065266, rs2738966, rs2248501) and the N6AMT1 haplotype 2_GGCCAT were significantly associated with the percentage of iAs (% iAs) in urine (e.g., for rs7282257, mean was 9.62% for TT, 6.73% for AA). Rs1003671 was also in a significant relationship with urinary MMA and DMA (the mean of %MMA was 24.95% for GA, 31.69% for GG; the mean of % DMA was 69.21% for GA, 59.82% for GG). The combined effect of N6AMT1 haplotype 2_GGCCAT and As3MT haplotype 2_GCAC showed consistence with the additive significance of each haplotype on % iAs: the mean was 5.47% and 9.36% for carriers with both and null haplotypes, respectively. Overall, we showed that N6AMT1 genetic polymorphisms were associated with arsenic biomethylation in the Chinese population, and its interaction with As3MT was observed in specific haplotype combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushen Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- School of Public and Environmental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214
| | - Luoping Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Guangyun Mao
- School of Public and Environmental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Public and Environmental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Diana Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14260
| | - Peilin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Martyn Smith
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214
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Hsu LI, Wang YH, Hsieh FI, Yang TY, Wen-Juei Jeng R, Liu CT, Chen CL, Hsu KH, Chiou HY, Wu MM, Chen CJ. Effects of Arsenic in Drinking Water on Risk of Hepatitis or Cirrhosis in Persons With and Without Chronic Viral Hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:1347-1355.e4. [PMID: 27060428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Arsenic in drinking water is associated with hepatomegaly and death from liver cancer. However, confounding factors related to liver diseases have not been carefully studied. We examined associations between exposure of arsenic in drinking water and risk of hepatitis and cirrhosis, and the interaction with chronic viral hepatitis, in people living in the Lanyang Basin of northeastern Taiwan, where well water has an arsenic content that ranges from undetectable to 3590 μg/L. METHODS We tested blood samples from 4387 people who lived in arseniasis-endemic areas in northeastern Taiwan from 1991 through 1994 for hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). We measured arsenic concentrations in well water and collected information on residents' histories of major chronic diseases. Reports of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were ascertained using the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. Reports of liver cancer were ascertained using the Taiwan National Cancer Registry. RESULTS Prevalence odds ratios in the overall study population for chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis for well water arsenic concentrations of ≤10 μg/L were 1.00 (reference), 0.93 for 10.1-49.9 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-1.52), 1.24 for 50.0-99.9 μg/L (95% CI, 0.68-2.23), 0.98 for 100.0-299.9 (95% CI, 0.52-1.85), and 1.86 for ≥300.0 μg/L (95% CI, 1.08-3.20). Increasing levels of arsenic in drinking water were associated with increasing prevalence of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis in residents who were seronegative for HBsAg and seronegative for anti-HCV, but not for seropositive for either HBsAg or anti-HCV. In individuals who were seropositive for HBsAg or anti-HCV, we observed an inverse association between hepatitis or cirrhosis and consumption of water with levels of arsenic ≥100.0 μg/L. Among participants who were seropositive for HBsAg or anti-HCV, consumption of water with levels of arsenic ≥100.0 μg/L was associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09-0.95; P < .05). A higher proportion of individuals exposed to cumulative arsenic level >14,000 μg/L ×year were carriers of inactive hepatitis B virus (DNA <10,000 copies/mL) and were positive for HBsAg (60%) than individuals exposed to water below this arsenic level (35%). CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of arsenic concentration in drinking water ≥300.0 μg/L significantly increase risk of hepatitis or cirrhosis in people without chronic viral hepatitis. However, in people with chronic viral hepatitis, levels of arsenic ≥100.0 μg/L in drinking water significantly reduce the risk of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-I Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Care Management, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-I Hsieh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rachel Wen-Juei Jeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Hepatology Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Health Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Maan Wu
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Flanagan SV, Spayd SE, Procopio NA, Chillrud SN, Braman S, Zheng Y. Arsenic in private well water part 1 of 3: Impact of the New Jersey Private Well Testing Act on household testing and mitigation behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:999-1009. [PMID: 27118151 PMCID: PMC5204457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Regularly ingesting water with elevated arsenic increases adverse health risks. Since September 2002, the NJ Private Well Testing Act (PWTA) has required testing untreated well water for arsenic during real estate transactions in 12 counties. Its implementation provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of policy intervention on well testing and treatment behavior. Here we analyze results of a survey mailed to 1943 random addresses (37% response), including responses from 502 private well households who purchased their homes prior to PWTA commencement and 168 who purchased after. We find the PWTA has significantly increased arsenic testing rates in an area where 21% of wells contain arsenic above the 5μg/L NJ drinking water standard. The PWTA has allowed identification of more wells with arsenic (20% of post-PWTA vs. 4% of pre-PWTA households) and more treatment for arsenic (19% of post-PWTA vs. 3% of pre-PWTA households). Such an Act is a partial answer to significant socioeconomic disparities in testing observed among households for whom it is not required. Additionally residents purchasing homes since 2002 are younger and disproportionately more likely to have children in their household (60% vs. 32%), a priority group given their particular vulnerability to effects of arsenic. Despite more wells tested under the PWTA, post-PWTA well owners forget or misremember arsenic test results more often, are more likely to report not knowing what kind of treatment they are using, and are not reporting better maintenance or monitoring of their treatment systems than pre-PWTA households. This suggests serious challenges to reducing arsenic exposure remain even when testing is a requirement. Furthermore, only a fraction of wells have been tested under the PWTA due to the slow pace of housing turnover. We recommend more public resources be made available to support private well testing among socially and biologically vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Flanagan
- Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 420, Trenton, NJ 08625-0420, USA.
| | - Steven E Spayd
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 420, Trenton, NJ 08625-0420, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Procopio
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 420, Trenton, NJ 08625-0420, USA.
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
| | - Stuart Braman
- Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
| | - Yan Zheng
- Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Cui X, Li S, Shraim A, Kobayashi Y, Hayakawa T, Kanno S, Yamamoto M, Hirano S. Subchronic Exposure to Arsenic Through Drinking Water Alters Expression of Cancer-Related Genes in Rat Liver. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:64-72. [PMID: 14713550 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490261348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although arsenic exposure causes liver disease and/or hepatoma, little is known about molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced liver toxicity or carcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of arsenic on expression of cancer-related genes in a rat liver following subchronic exposure to sodium arsenate (1, 10, 100 ppm in drinking water), by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Arsenic accumulated in the rat liver dose-dependently and caused hepatic histopathological changes, such as disruption of hepatic cords, sinusoidal dilation, and fatty infiltration. A 1-month exposure to arsenic significantly increased hepatic mRNA levels of cyclin D1 (10 ppm), ILK (1 ppm), and p27Kip1 (10 ppm), whereas it reduced mRNA levels of PTEN (1 ppm) and β-catenin (100 ppm). In contrast, a 4-month arsenic exposure showed increased mRNA expression of cyclin D1 (100 ppm), ILK (1 ppm), and p27Kip1 (1 and 10 ppm), and decreased expression of both PTEN and β-catenin at all 3 doses. An immunohistochemical study revealed that each protein expression accords closely with each gene expression of mRNA level. In conclusion, subchronic exposure to inorganic arsenate caused pathological changes and altered expression of cyclin D1, p27Kip1, ILK, PTEN, and β-catenin in the liver. This implies that arsenic liver toxicity involves disturbances of some cancer-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cui
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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Joca L, Sacks JD, Moore D, Lee JS, Sams R, Cowden J. Systematic review of differential inorganic arsenic exposure in minority, low-income, and indigenous populations in the United States. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:707-715. [PMID: 26896853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human carcinogen and associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, and skin diseases. Natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to low concentrations of iAs in water, food, soil, and air. Differential exposure to environmental hazards in minority, indigenous, and low income populations is considered an environmental justice (EJ) concern, yet it is unclear if higher iAs exposure occurs in these populations. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate evidence for differential iAs exposure in the United States (US). The peer-reviewed literature was searched for studies that (1) estimated iAs exposure based on environmental concentrations of iAs in water, food, soil, or iAs biomarkers and (2) examined iAs exposure in minority, indigenous, and low income US populations. Five studies were identified that estimated exposures and provided demographic information about EJ populations. These studies reported arsenic concentrations in water, soil, or food to estimate exposure, with varied evidence of differential exposure. Additionally, six studies were identified that suggested potential arsenic exposure from environmental sources including soil, rice, private well-water, and fish, but did not report data stratified by demographic information. Evidence across these 11 studies was qualitatively integrated to draw conclusions about differential iAs exposure. The total body of evidence is limited by lack of individual exposure measures, lack of iAs concentration data, and insufficient comparative demographic data. Based upon these data gaps, there is inadequate evidence to conclude whether differential exposure to iAs is an EJ concern in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Joca
- ORISE Fellow, Hazardous Pollutant Assessment Group, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jason D Sacks
- Environmental Media Assessment Group, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Danielle Moore
- ORISE Fellow, Hazardous Pollutant Assessment Group, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- Integrated Risk Information System Division, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Reeder Sams
- Hazardous Pollutant Assessment Group, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John Cowden
- Hazardous Pollutant Assessment Group, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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45
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Bulka CM, Jones RM, Turyk ME, Stayner LT, Argos M. Arsenic in drinking water and prostate cancer in Illinois counties: An ecologic study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:450-456. [PMID: 27136670 PMCID: PMC4874890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic is a lung, bladder, and skin carcinogen. One of the major sources of exposure to arsenic is through naturally contaminated drinking water. While positive associations have been observed between arsenic in drinking water and prostate cancer, few studies have explored this association in the United States. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between inorganic arsenic concentrations in community water systems and prostate cancer incidence in Illinois using an ecologic study design. METHODS Illinois Environmental Protection Agency data on arsenic concentrations in drinking water from community water systems throughout the state were linked with county-level prostate cancer incidence data from 2007 to 2011 from the Illinois State Cancer Registry. Incidence rates were indirectly standardized by age to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for each county. A Poisson regression model was used to model the association between county-level SIRs and mean arsenic tertile (0.33-0.72, 0.73-1.60, and 1.61-16.23ppb), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS For counties with mean arsenic levels in the second tertile, the SIR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.96-1.16). For counties with mean arsenic levels in the third tertile, the SIR was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03-1.19). There was a significant linear dose-response relationship observed between mean arsenic levels and prostate cancer incidence (p for trend=0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this ecologic study, counties with higher mean arsenic levels in community water systems had significantly higher prostate cancer incidence. Individual-level studies of prostate cancer incidence and low-level arsenic exposure are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Bulka
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Rachael M Jones
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Division, 2121W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Mary E Turyk
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Leslie T Stayner
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Maria Argos
- University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Clewell HJ, Gentry PR, Barton HA, Shipp AM, Yager JW, Andersen ME. Requirements for a Biologically Realistic Cancer Risk Assessment for Inorganic Arsenic. Int J Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/109158199225701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable feature of the carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic (As,) is the observation that human exposures to Asi have been strongly associated with increases in skin, lung, and internal cancers, but As, does not typically cause tumors in standard laboratory animal test protocols. Considerable controversy has centered on whether there is epidemiological evidence of a “threshold” for the carcinogenic effects of Asi, or at least of a highly nonlinear dose–response. Saturation of metabolism in the dose-range associated with tumors does not appear to be adequate to produce a major impact on the dose-response for carcinogenicity. If there is a strong nonlinearity, it results from the nature of the carcinogenic mechanism(s) of Asi. However, no single hypothesis for the mechanism of Asi carcinogenicity has widespread support. A biologically realistic cancer risk assessment for Asi would requirea quantitative description of the dose of active arsenic species in target tissues, the interactions between active arsenic and tissue constituents, and the manner in which these interactions result in tumor formation in multiple organs in humans, but not in experimental animals. Although Asi has only infrequently been associated with tumors in animal studies, it has repeatedly been shown to act as a comutagen in vitro and as a cocarcinogen in vivo. Asi is clastogenic, producing chromatid aberrations, but does not produce point mutations at single gene loci. Of particular interest, Asi has been shown to inhibit repair of DNA single-strand breaks, a possible mechanism for its observed comutagenicity and cocarcinogenicity. We propose a cocarcinogenic mode of action in which Asi acts primarily on intermediate cells deficient in cell cycle control at a late stage in a preexisting carcinogenic process. This interaction enhances ge-nomic fragility and accelerates conversion of premalignant lesions to more aggressive, clinically observable tumors. An indirect effect of As, on DNA repair is consistent with the expectation of a nonlinear dose-response rather than the linear dose-response traditionally assumed for mutagenic carcinogens. However, defining the exact nature of this tumor dose-response will require further experimental data on the dose-response for the cellular effects of Asi. Because Asi carcinogenicity is unlikely to be observed in normal experimental animals not exposed to other carcinogens, studies in animals and cell lines deficient in cell cycle control should also be considered. Experimental studies specifically designed to address the key mechanistic and dose-response issues for Asi carcinogenicity are critically needed to support public health policy decisions regarding current environmental exposures to Asi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugh A. Barton
- KS Crump Group, ICF Kaiser International, Huston, Louisiana, USA
| | - Annette M. Shipp
- KS Crump Group, ICF Kaiser International, Huston, Louisiana, USA
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Hu DP, Hu WY, Xie L, Li Y, Birch L, Prins GS. Actions of Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Human Prostate Stem/Progenitor Cells and Prostate Carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidences from epidemiological and animal-based studies indicate that early exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during the developmental stage results in a variety of disorders including cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that early estrogen exposure results in life-long reprogramming of the prostate gland that leads to an increased incidence of prostatic lesions with aging. We have recently documented that bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most studied EDCs with estrogenic activity has similar effects in increasing prostate carcinogenic potential, supporting the connection between EDCs exposure and prostate cancer risk. It is well accepted that stem cells play a crucial role in development and cancer. Accumulating evidence suggest that stem cells are regulated by extrinsic factors and may be the potential target of hormonal carcinogenesis. Estrogenic EDCs which interfere with normal hormonal signaling may perturb prostate stem cell fate by directly reprogramming stem cells or breaking down the stem cell niche. Transformation of stem cells into cancer stem cells may underlie cancer initiation accounting for cancer recurrence, which becomes a critical therapeutic target of cancer management. We therefore propose that estrogenic EDCs may influence the development and progression of prostate cancer through reprogramming and transforming the prostate stem and early stage progenitor cells. In this review, we summarize our current studies and have updated recent advances highlighting estrogenic EDCs on prostate carcinogenesis by possible targeting prostate stem/progenitor cells. Using novel stem cell assays we have demonstrated that human prostate stem/progenitor cells express estrogen receptors (ER) and are directly modulated by estrogenic EDCs. Moreover, employing anin vivohumanized chimeric prostate model, we further demonstrated that estrogenic EDCs initiate and promote prostatic carcinogenesis in an androgen-supported environment. These findings support our hypothesis that prostate stem/progenitor cells may be the direct targets of estrogenic EDCs as a consequence of developmental exposure which carry permanent reprogrammed epigenetic and oncogenic events and subsequently deposit into cancer initiation and progression in adulthood.
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Shibata T, Meng C, Umoren J, West H. Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Rice Cereal and Other Dietary Sources for Infants and Toddlers in the U.S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:361. [PMID: 27023581 PMCID: PMC4847023 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no set standards or quantitative guidelines available in the U.S. for arsenic levels in rice cereal, one of the most common first solid foods for infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the detected levels of inorganic arsenic (As(i)) in rice cereal in the U.S. market are safe for consumption by infants and toddlers. A risk assessment was conducted based on literature reviews of the reported As(i) in rice cereal from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) survey and the recommended daily intake of rice cereal by body weight, for infants and toddlers between four and 24 months old. As a part of risk management, a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Asi in rice cereal was computed considering overall exposure sources including drinking water, infant formula, and other infant solid foods. Hazard quotients (HQs) for acute and chronic exposures were calculated based on the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Minimal Risk Level (MRL)(acute) (5.0 × 10(-3) mg/kg/day) and MRL(chronic) (3.0 × 10(-4) mg/kg/day). A cancer slope or potency factor of 1.5 mg/kg/day was used to predict an incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). Exposure assessment showed that the largest source of As(i) for infants and toddlers between four and 24 months old was rice cereal (55%), followed by other infant solid food (19%), and drinking water (18%). Infant formula was the smallest source of As(i) for babies (9%) at the 50th percentile based on Monte Carlo simulations. While HQ(acute) were consistently below 1.0, HQ(chronic) at the 50 and 75th percentiles exceeded 1.0 for both rice cereal and total sources. ILCR ranged from 10(-6) (50th) to 10(-5) (75th percentile). MCLs for As(i) in rice cereal ranged from 0.0 (chronic) to 0.4 mg/kg (acute exposures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shibata
- Public Health Program, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
- Global Environmental Health LAB, Not-for-Profit Organization, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA.
| | - Can Meng
- Public Health Program, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
- Division of Statistics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
| | - Josephine Umoren
- Nutrition & Dietetics Program, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
| | - Heidi West
- Global Environmental Health LAB, Not-for-Profit Organization, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA.
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Kesici GG, Ünlü İ, Topçu AB, Bal CD, Tutkun E, Yılmaz ÖH. Arsenic related hearing loss in miners. Am J Otolaryngol 2016; 37:6-11. [PMID: 26700251 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that carries number of potential risks to human health, although there is little evidence of the ototoxic effect of arsenic. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between arsenic exposure and hearing loss by measuring blood arsenic concentrations and hearing among miners. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research is a retrospective case control study. Included in the study were miners employed in a single silver mine whose blood arsenic concentrations were high. A comparison was made on the pure tone audiometry measurements taken from miners exposed only to arsenic (Group 1), those exposed to both arsenic and noise (Group 2) and a control group exposed to neither arsenic nor noise (Group 3). RESULTS It was found that for both ears at all frequencies, the hearing level of Group 3 was better than the hearing levels of both Group 1 and Group 2. There was no correlation between the blood arsenic levels and hearing levels in both ears. CONCLUSION This study has revealed the ototoxic effects of arsenic. As blood arsenic concentrations do not reflect long-term exposure, no correlation was identified between blood arsenic concentrations and hearing levels. Further studies will be needed to clarify the mechanisms involved in the effect of arsenic on hearing. This paper represents the largest study to date focusing on the isolated effects of arsenic on hearing through the use of a clinical auditory test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Gökçen Kesici
- Department of ENT, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - İlhan Ünlü
- Department of ENT, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Baştürk Topçu
- Department of ENT, Mengücek Gazi Education and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Ceylan Demir Bal
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Engin Tutkun
- Department of Toxicology, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ömer Hınç Yılmaz
- Department of Toxicology, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Huang CY, Pu YS, Shiue HS, Chen WJ, Lin YC, Hsueh YM. Polymorphisms of human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine increase susceptibility to arsenic methylation capacity-related urothelial carcinoma. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1917-27. [PMID: 26359225 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic causes oxidative stress in cultured animal and human cells, and it is a well-documented human carcinogen. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study including 167 cases of urothelial carcinoma (UC) and 334 age- and gender-matched healthy controls to evaluate the relationships between urinary arsenic profiles, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) genotypes and UC. The urinary arsenic species were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and hydride generator-atomic absorption spectrometry. Genotyping for hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) and hOGG1 (-15C>G) was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform with iPLEX Gold chemistry. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured with high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The results indicated that the hOGG1 326 Cys/Cys genotype and the hOGG1 -15C>G G/G genotype were associated with an increased risk of UC (OR [95 % CI] 1.57 [1.04-2.35] and 1.57 [1.04-2.35], respectively). Participants with high urinary total arsenic, regardless of the haplotype of hOGG1 Ser326Cys and the -15C>G polymorphism, had significantly higher urinary 8-OHdG compared to participants with low urinary total arsenic. This is the first study to investigate the joint effects of high urinary total arsenic or inefficient arsenic methylation capacity indices, and the high-risk G-G haplotype of hOGG1 on the risk of UC. The findings are especially meaningful for participants with risk factors such as high urinary total arsenic, inefficient arsenic methylation indices, high urinary 8-OHdG, and the high-risk G-G haplotype of hOGG1 which are all associated with an increased UC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shung Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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