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ECM proteins involved in cell migration and vessel formation compromise bovine cloned placentation. Theriogenology 2022; 188:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chaudhary P, Babu GS, Sobti RC, Gupta SK. HGF regulate HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells migration/invasion under hypoxic conditions through increased HIF-1α expression via MAPK and PI3K pathways. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:503-521. [PMID: 30684191 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is reported to be down-regulated in pregnancy complications like intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia, which are associated with abnormal trophoblast migration/invasion. In this study, role of HGF and associated signaling pathways has been investigated in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells migration/invasion under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (2% O2). HTR-8/SVneo cells exposed to hypoxia showed increase in migration and invasion as compared to cells incubated under normoxic conditions. The migration/invasion under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions was further enhanced after treatment with HGF. Subsequent to treatment with HGF, a significant increase in expression of MMP2 & MMP3 under normoxia and MMP1 & MMP9 under hypoxia was observed. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with HGF under hypoxia also led to decrease in TIMP1. Treatment of the cells with HGF led to activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways. Inhibition of MAPK by U0126 and PI3K by LY294002 led to concomitant decrease in the HGF-mediated migration/invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. HGF treatment under hypoxia also led to a significant increase in hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression. Additionally, inhibition of HIF-1α by siRNA led to decrease in HGF-mediated migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells under hypoxic conditions. Inhibition of HGF activated MAPK and PI3K signaling led to reduction in HIF-1α expression under hypoxia. In conclusion, HGF facilitates HTR-8/SVneo cell migration/invasion by activation of MAPK/PI3K signaling pathways and increased expression of MMPs. HIF-1α has a role in HGF-mediated increase in migration under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Chaudhary
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, 226 025, India
| | - Gosipatala Sunil Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, 226 025, India
| | - Ranbir Chander Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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Altered Maternal Serum Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in Severe Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6432426. [PMID: 28798935 PMCID: PMC5536132 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6432426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal serum matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, 9, and 13 levels differ in early- and late-onset preeclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 125 pregnant women (29 with early-onset preeclampsia; 31 preeclamptic patients with late-onset preeclampsia; and 65 healthy pregnant controls). Levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were measured in the maternal serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Maternal serum MMP-2 levels in both the groups of preeclamptic women were significantly higher than those in the controls. Levels of MMP-3 were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients with early-onset disease; however, the MMP-3 levels in patients with late-onset preeclampsia were similar to those observed in the control subjects. MMP-9 levels were lower whereas the levels of MMP-13 were higher in both preeclamptic groups of pregnant women than in the healthy controls, but these differences were statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS One important finding of the present study was that MMP-3 appears to be involved solely in early-onset preeclampsia, but not in late-onset preeclampsia. Higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-13 and lower levels of MMP-9 seem to be related to both early- and late-onset severe preeclampsia.
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Tian Y, Tie G, Cao Y, Zhao X, Duan E. IGF-II and IGFBP-1 reversely regulate blastocyst implantation in mouse. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Trophoblast invasion can be seen as a tightly regulated battle between the competing interests of the survival of the fetus and those of the mother. Successful pregnancy is dependent on the trophoblast invading the mother, attaching the pregnancy to the uterus and securing an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrient to the fetus. For successful invasion to occur, extravillous trophoblast has to perform a range of functions; transformation of the maternal spiral arteries, tolerate hypoxia, proliferate and die by apoptosis (programmed cell death), differentiate, adhere to and digest the extracellular matrix, move and interact with the maternal immune system. Each of these functions has multiple overlapping control systems so that trophoblast invasion is a finely controlled balance of competing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba Anin Anin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Liverpool, UK
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Husslein H, Haider S, Meinhardt G, Prast J, Sonderegger S, Knöfler M. Expression, regulation and functional characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-3 of human trophoblast. Placenta 2009; 30:284-91. [PMID: 19155066 PMCID: PMC2974218 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MMP-3 has been detected in human placenta and reduced expression of the enzyme was observed in invasive trophoblasts of patients with severe preeclampsia. However, detailed expression pattern, regulation and biological properties of the placental protease have not been elucidated so far. RT-PCR analyses, Western blotting and enzyme activity assays revealed that pro- and active form of MMP-3 were predominantly expressed in purified first trimester villous trophoblasts, in invasive cytotrophoblasts of differentiating explant cultures and in trophoblastic SGHPL-4 cells. Accordingly, immunofluorescene of first trimester placental tissues detected MMP-3 mainly in villous and extravillous cytotrophoblasts. IL-1beta, an inducer of MMP-3 in decidual cells, increased secretion and activity of the protease in trophoblast supernatants in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IL-1beta-stimulated production of the enzyme was suppressed in the presence of inhibitors of MAPK and AKT signalling. Similar to recombinant MMP-3, MMP-3 in supernatants of IL-1beta-stimulated decidual stromal or SGHPL-4 cells degraded IGFBP-1 in vitro resulting in the appearance of cleavage products at approximately 25, 22, 17, 14 and 11kD. However, cleavage assays using recombinant MMP-2 suggested that the gelatinase may contribute to IGFBP-1 degradation in trophoblast supernatants. Despite its effects on MMP-3 expression IL-1beta failed to significantly alter invasion of SGHPL-4 cells through Matrigel-coated transwells. In conclusion, the data suggest that invasive trophoblast cell models secrete bioactive MMP-3. Inducible expression of the protease involves MAPK and AKT signalling. In addition to the decidua, MMP-3 of trophoblasts may contribute to the regulation of the IGF system by degrading IGFBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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Lyall F. Mechanisms regulating cytotrophoblast invasion in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2006; 46:266-73. [PMID: 16866784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2006.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The placental bed underlies the placenta and includes the decidua basalis and underlying myometrium containing the uterine spiral arteries. For successful human haemochorial placentation, the placental bed spiral arteries must undergo considerable alterations. These physiological modifications are thought to be brought about by the interaction of invasive cytotrophoblast with the spiral artery vessel wall. Failure of spiral artery transformation is thought to play an important role in the sequence of events that gives rise to pre-eclampsia. The mechanisms that control human trophoblast invasion in normal, let alone abnormal pregnancy, are still poorly understood. Much of the information on the early physiological changes within the placental bed comes from studies on intact hysterectomy specimens.(1) Details of such events in late pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction are principally derived from the study of placental bed biopsies taken at Caesarean section. The methods of sampling the placental bed have been reviewed elsewhere.(2) Many investigators have relied on in vitro models of trophoblast invasion. In vitro models can be extremely useful in dissecting out some of these processes but may be open to artefacts. The mechanisms underlying normal and failed trophoblast invasion appear to be complex. In this manuscript the mechanisms that control the invasion of trophoblast into the decidua and myometrium are reviewed. Along with this is a review of the purported mechanisms underlying failed spiral artery transformation. Particular emphasis has been placed on topics that have been best studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Lyall
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Section, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK.
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Rio MC. From a unique cell to metastasis is a long way to go: clues to stromelysin-3 participation. Biochimie 2005; 87:299-306. [PMID: 15781316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stromelysin-3 (ST3) overexpression is associated with poor patient clinical outcome in numerous carcinomas. The ST3 is expressed by peritumoral fibroblast-like cells. Review of the literature shows that ST3 is an active partner of cancer cells along the whole natural cancer history, and is essential for optimal tumor development as it reduces death of cancer cells invading adjacent connective tissues at the primary tumor site. Paradoxically, ST3 lowers metastasis development in vivo in mice. However, this beneficial effect does not counterbalance the deleterious anti-apoptotic function of ST3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rio
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/Inserm U184/ULP BP 163, 67404 Illkirch cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France.
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Oki N, Matsuo H, Nakago S, Murakoshi H, Laoag-Fernandez JB, Maruo T. Effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine on the invasive potential and the expression of integrins and matrix metalloproteinases in cultured early placental extravillous trophoblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:5213-21. [PMID: 15472228 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that T(3) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of early pregnancy through the induction of endocrine function in villous trophoblasts. The effects of T(3) on extravillous trophoblast (EVT) function, however, remain to be elucidated. To investigate the possible role of T(3) in the regulation of EVT invasion to the decidua, we have examined whether T(3) affects EVT invasive potential and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1, fetal fibronectin (FN), and integrin alpha(5)beta(1) in cultured early placental EVTs. Isolation and purification of trophoblasts differentiating into EVTs were performed by the enzymatic digestion of the anchoring chorionic villi, with the use of human FN-precoated culture dishes and FN-precoated Matrigel Transwells. The cells attached to the dishes were subcultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for 48 h and were characterized by RT-PCR analysis after 24-h subculture and immunocytochemical analysis after 48-h subculture for specific EVT markers. Thereafter, the cultured cells were stepped down to a 4% fetal bovine serum condition and cultured in the presence or absence of T(3) (10(-8) m) for the subsequent 72 h. Matrigel invasion assay demonstrated that the treatment with T(3) significantly increased the number of cell projections of subsequent 24-, 48-, and 72-h cultured EVTs. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the treatment with T(3) increased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, fetal FN, and integrin alpha(5)beta(1) mRNA in subsequent 24-h cultured EVTs compared with those in control cultures. Immunocytochemical and Western immunoblot analyses revealed that treatment with T(3) increased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3 in subsequent 48-h cultured EVTs compared with those in control cultures. The present results suggest that T(3) (10(-8) m) may play a vital role in up-regulating the invasive potential of EVTs into the decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Oki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Curry TE, Osteen KG. The matrix metalloproteinase system: changes, regulation, and impact throughout the ovarian and uterine reproductive cycle. Endocr Rev 2003; 24:428-65. [PMID: 12920150 DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ovary and uterus undergo extensive tissue remodeling throughout each reproductive cycle. This remodeling of the extracellular environment is dependent upon the cyclic hormonal changes associated with each estrous or menstrual cycle. In the ovary, tissue remodeling is requisite for growth and expansion of the follicle, breakdown of the follicular wall during the ovulatory process, transformation of the postovulatory follicle into the corpus luteum, as well as the structural dissolution of the corpus luteum during luteal regression. In the uterus, there is extraordinary turnover of the endometrial connective tissue matrix during each menstrual cycle. This turnover encompasses the complete breakdown and loss of this layer, followed by its subsequent regrowth. With implantation, extensive remodeling of the uterus occurs to support placentation. These dynamic changes in the ovarian and uterine extracellular architecture are regulated, in part, by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system. The MMP system acts to control connective tissue remodeling processes throughout the body and is comprised of both a proteolytic component, the MMPs, and a regulatory component, the associated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. The current review will highlight the key features of the MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, focus on the changes and regulation of the MMP system that take place throughout the estrous and menstrual cycles, and address the impact of the dynamic tissue remodeling processes on ovarian and uterine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.E.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Tarrade A, Goffin F, Munaut C, Lai-Kuen R, Tricottet V, Foidart JM, Vidaud M, Frankenne F, Evain-Brion D. Effect of matrigel on human extravillous trophoblasts differentiation: modulation of protease pattern gene expression. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:1628-37. [PMID: 12390897 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.101.001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is characterized by extensive trophoblast invasion of the uterus. Indeed, extravillous cytotrophoblast cells invade the decidua and the upper third of uterine spiral arteries in the myometrium. This invasion is reflected in situ by the expression of specific markers. In order to study this invasion process, we have established an in vitro culture model of human extravillous trophoblast isolated from first trimester chorionic villi. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a composite matrix, the Matrigel required for the culture of this homogenous population of extravillous trophoblasts (EVCT), on their in vitro differentiation. The effect of Matrigel was studied on different markers characterized by immunocytochemistry and by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of transcripts. In addition, the expression of 12 different matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors were investigated. We show that human extravillous cytotrophoblasts acquire an invasive phenotype on Matrigel associated with a specific pattern of protease gene expression. This in vitro model will be of interest to study the cellular mechanisms involved in abnormal trophoblast invasion observed in poor placentation and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tarrade
- INSERM 427, Laboratoire de Microscopie Electronique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire (MV), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
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13
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Nielsen HL, Rønnov-Jessen L, Villadsen R, Petersen OW. Identification of EPSTI1, a novel gene induced by epithelial-stromal interaction in human breast cancer. Genomics 2002; 79:703-10. [PMID: 11991720 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2002.6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During growth, invasion, and metastasis, tumor cells interact extensively with the surrounding stroma. To identify genes that are upregulated during this process, we compared mRNA pooled from tumor cells and fibroblasts cultured separately to mRNA from cells in coculture. Using differential display (DD), a transcript representing a novel gene, designated epithelial-stromal interaction 1 (breast) (EPSTI1), was identified. EPSTI1 showed no homology to any known gene, but matched a cluster of expressed-sequence tags (ESTs). The full-length cDNA of 1508 bp was generated by 5'-RACE, included an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative 307-amino-acid protein, and mapped to chromosome 13q13.3. EPSTI1 was highly upregulated in invasive breast carcinomas compared with normal breast. In a tissue mRNA panel the most prominent expression of EPSTI1 was found in placenta. Thus, EPSTI1 is a novel human gene expressed in tissues characterized by extensive epithelial-stromal interaction, and expression of this gene may be a crucial event in invasion and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Lind Nielsen
- Structural Cell Biology Unit, Department of Medical Anatomy A, the Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Aigner T, Zien A, Gehrsitz A, Gebhard PM, McKenna L. Anabolic and catabolic gene expression pattern analysis in normal versus osteoarthritic cartilage using complementary DNA-array technology. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:2777-89. [PMID: 11762938 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2777::aid-art465>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand changes in gene expression levels that occur during osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage degeneration, using complementary DNA (cDNA)-array technology. METHODS Nine normal, 6 early degenerated, and 6 late-stage OA cartilage samples of human knee joints were analyzed using the Human Cancer 1.2 cDNA array and TaqMan analysis. RESULTS In addition to a large variability of expression levels between different patients, significant expression patterns were detectable for many genes. Cartilage types II and VI collagen were strongly expressed in late-stage specimens, reflecting the high matrix-remodeling activity of advanced OA cartilage. The increase in fibronectin expression in early degeneration suggests that fibronectin is a crucial regulator of matrix turnover activity of chondrocytes during early disease development. Of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-3 appeared to be strongly expressed in normal and early degenerative cartilage and down-regulated in the late stages of disease. This indicates that other degradation pathways might be more important in late stages of cartilage degeneration, involving other enzymes, such as MMP-2 and MMP-11, both of which were up-regulated in late-stage disease. MMP-11 was up-regulated in OA chondrocytes and, interestingly, also in the early-stage samples. Neither MMP-1 nor MMP-8 was detectable, and MMP-13 and MMP-2 were significantly detectable only in late-stage specimens, suggesting that early stages are characterized more by degradation of other matrix components, such as aggrecan and other noncollagenous molecules, than by degradation of type II collagen fibers. CONCLUSION This investigation allowed us to identify gene expression profiles of the disease process and to get new insights into disease mechanisms, for example, to develop a picture of matrix proteinases that are differentially involved in different phases of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aigner
- Cartilage Research, Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Tarrade A, Lai Kuen R, Malassiné A, Tricottet V, Blain P, Vidaud M, Evain-Brion D. Characterization of human villous and extravillous trophoblasts isolated from first trimester placenta. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1199-211. [PMID: 11555668 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblasts of the human placenta differentiate along two pathways to give either extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCT) with invasive properties and that are implicated in the implantation process, or villous cytotrophoblasts (VCT) that by cell fusion form multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. We report the first isolation and purification of these two cell types from the same chorionic villi of first trimester human placenta. We also studied their differentiation in vitro. Electron microscopy showed that in contrast to VCT, EVCT had no microvilli but contained large fibrinoid inclusions. EVCT cultures required a matrix to invade, and as previously established, VCT cultured on plastic dishes aggregated and fused to form syncytiotrophoblasts. These differentiation processes were characterized by a particular pattern of gene expression as assessed by real-time PCR and confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis of the corresponding proteins. EVCT cultured in vitro expressed high levels of HLA-G, c-erbB2, human placental lactogen, and very little human chorionic gonadotropin. Interestingly, TGFbeta2 was a marker of EVCT in vitro and in situ. These data offer a new tool for cell biologists to study the molecular mechanisms involved in human placental development and its pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tarrade
- INSERM Unité 427, Université René Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Paris, Paris, France
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Ludwig MG, Basset P, Anglard P. Multiple regulatory elements in the murine stromelysin-3 promoter. Evidence for direct control by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and thyroid and retinoid receptors. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:39981-90. [PMID: 10993903 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007529200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromelysin-3 (ST3) belongs to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) family, a protease family involved in tissue remodeling. Although this family of enzymes is regulated by nuclear receptors, few hormone-responsive elements have been demonstrated in MMP promoters. In order to identify regulatory elements and/or factors that control the expression of the mouse st3 gene, we have analyzed genomic sequences encompassing 5 kilobase pairs of the ST3 promoter. Analysis of these sequences revealed several CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) and retinoic acid-responsive elements (RAREs), as well as one thyroid-responsive element. However, in contrast to most MMP promoters, no AP-1-binding sites were identified. Specific binding activities were demonstrated for all elements. Consistent with previous reports, retinoid X receptor is required for maximal binding to the ST3 RAREs and the TRE. The ST3-C/EBP element was shown to mediate dose-dependent promoter activation by C/EBPbeta. Among the RAREs, the proximal DR1-RARE was shown to be sufficient for ST3 promoter activation by ligand-bound retinoid receptors, whereas the two distal DR2-RAREs appear to be involved more in the control of base-line promoter activity. Accordingly, ST3 expression was induced by retinoic acid and was reduced in cells where specific retinoic acid receptors had been inactivated. The involvement of these conserved regulatory elements is discussed in the context of physiological or pathological situations associated with st3 expression. Our findings therefore assign to C/EBP, retinoids, and thyroid hormone important roles in the regulation of ST3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ludwig
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
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Duc-Goiran P, Mignot TM, Bourgeois C, Ferré F. Embryo-maternal interactions at the implantation site: a delicate equilibrium. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999; 83:85-100. [PMID: 10221616 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(98)00310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst implantation and successful establishment of pregnancy require delicate interactions between the embryo and the maternal environment. During preimplantation, maternal/embryo communication is mediated by the trophectoderm. In the late luteal phase, physiological changes occur in the endometrium to allow blastocyst implantation. The "window of implantation" represents the period of maximum uterine receptivity for implantation. In response to signals from the embryo, pregnancy-specific proteins are released in maternal serum and a series of morphological, biochemical and immunological changes occur in the uterine environment. These systemic and local modifications can be considered to constitute "the maternal recognition of pregnancy". The human hemochorial placenta arises primarily through proliferation, migration and invasion of the endometrium and its vasculature by the embryonic trophoblast. The complex invasive processes accompanying implantation of the embryo are controlled at the embryo-maternal interface by factors from decidualized endometrium and the trophoblast itself. An inflammatory reaction and a proper maternal immune response allow survival and development of the feto-placental unit. In this review, we focus on interactions between trophoblast and uterine tissues and on cellular mechanisms and molecular signals involved in the closely regulated process of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Duc-Goiran
- INSERM U. 361, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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Teesalu T, Masson R, Basset P, Blasi F, Talarico D. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases during murine chorioallantoic placenta maturation. Dev Dyn 1999; 214:248-58. [PMID: 10090151 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199903)214:3<248::aid-aja8>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental evidence supports the participation of two groups of extracellular proteases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and plasminogen activators/plasmin, in tissue remodeling in physiological and pathological invasion. In the late mouse placenta, several tissue remodeling and cell invasion processes take place. Spongiotrophoblast migration into maternal decidua, as well as decidual extracellular matrix remodeling require the coordinated action of extracellular proteolytic enzymes. Via Northern and in situ hybridization, we have analyzed the spatio-temporal expression patterns of members of the MMP family (stromelysin-3, gelatinases A and B), as well as their inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 and -3 in late murine placenta (days 10.5 to 18.5 of gestation). Gelatinase activity in placental extracts was assessed by substrate zymography. Gelatinase A and stromelysin-3 were found to be prominently expressed in decidual tissue; shortly after midpregnancy, the decidual expression patterns of gelatinase A and stromelysin-3 became overlapping with each other, as well as with the expression domain of TIMP-2. On the other hand, gelatinase B transcripts were expressed only by trophoblast giant cells at day 10.5, and were downregulated at later stages. TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 transcripts were detected in decidual periphery at day 10.5, while later the expression was restricted to the endometrial stroma and spongiotrophoblasts, respectively. The areas of stromelysin-3 expression were the same (giant trophoblasts) or adjacent (decidua) to those where urokinase (uPA) transcripts were detected, suggesting a possible cooperation between these proteinases in placental remodeling. We generated mice doubly deficient for stromelysin-3 and uPA, and report here that these mice are viable and fertile. Furthermore, these animals do not manifest obvious placental abnormalities, thereby suggesting the existence of compensatory/redundant mechanisms involving other proteolytic enzymes. Our findings document the participation of MMPs and their inhibitors in the process of late murine placenta maturation, and warrant the characterization of other members of the MMP family, like membrane type-MMPs, in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Teesalu
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Biologica e Tecnologica (DIBIT), Istituto Scientifico S. Raffaele, Milano, Italia
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Choriocarcinoma-trophoblast hybrid cells: Reconstructing the pathway from normal to malignant trophoblast — Concept and perspectives. Placenta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(99)80003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pierleoni C, Samuelsen GB, Graem N, Rønne E, Nielsen BS, Kaufmann P, Castellucci M. Immunohistochemical identification of the receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator associated with fibrin deposition in normal and ectopic human placenta. Placenta 1998; 19:501-8. [PMID: 9778123 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(98)91043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPAR) is a key molecule in cell surface-directed plasminogen activation. uPAR binds urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and thereby focuses plasminogen activation on the cell surface. Plasmin dissolves fibrin deposits and facilitates cell migration during tissue repair processes by degrading the extracellular matrix. During human implantation and placental development, plasmin is considered important for both trophoblast migration/invasion and for fibrin surveillance. This study examined the expression of uPAR in normal and ectopic human placentae by immunohistochemistry. In first and third trimester normal placentae as well as in tubal ectopic placental tissues, a high uPAR expression was seen in the trophoblast associated with deposits of fibrin-type fibrinoid. Extravillous trophoblast of the basal plate, of the cell islands, and of the cell columns was also positive for uPAR in the first trimester whereas at term the expression of the protein was decreased. Moreover, uPAR immunostaining was observed in decidual cells throughout normal gestation and in endometrial tissues of patients with ectopic pregnancies. These findings suggest that uPAR participates in placental development and in trophoblast invasion particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy and that uPAR is involved in repair mechanisms of the trophoblast and fibrin surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pierleoni
- Institute of Normal Human Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, Italy
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Masson R, Lefebvre O, Noël A, Fahime ME, Chenard MP, Wendling C, Kebers F, LeMeur M, Dierich A, Foidart JM, Basset P, Rio MC. In vivo evidence that the stromelysin-3 metalloproteinase contributes in a paracrine manner to epithelial cell malignancy. J Cell Biol 1998; 140:1535-41. [PMID: 9508784 PMCID: PMC2132679 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.140.6.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromelysin-3 (ST3; Basset, P., J.P. Bellocq, C. Wolf, I. Stoll, P. Hutin, J.M. Limacher, O.L. Podhajcer, M.P. Chenard, M.C. Rio, P. Chambon. 1990. Nature. 348:699-704) is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expressed in mesenchymal cells located close to epithelial cells, during physiological and pathological tissue remodeling processes. In human carcinomas, high ST3 levels are associated with a poor clinical outcome, suggesting that ST3 plays a role during malignant processes. In this study we report the ST3 gene inactivation by homologous recombination. Although ST3 null mice (ST3-/-) were fertile and did not exhibit obvious alterations in appearance and behavior, the lack of ST3 altered malignant processes. Thus, the suppression of ST3 results in a decreased 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced tumorigenesis in ST3-/- mice. Moreover, ST3-/- fibroblasts have lost the capacity to promote implantation of MCF7 human malignant epithelial cells in nude mice (P < 0.008). Finally, we show that this ST3 paracrine function requires extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated growth factors. Altogether, these findings give evidence that ST3 promotes, in a paracrine manner, homing of malignant epithelial cells, a key process for both primary tumors and metastases. Therefore, ST3 represents an appropriate target for specific MMP inhibitor(s) in future therapeutical approaches directed against the stromal compartment of human carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Masson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Sant-e et de la Recherche M-edicale, Universit-e Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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Basset P, Bellocq JP, Lefebvre O, Noël A, Chenard MP, Wolf C, Anglard P, Rio MC. Stromelysin-3: a paradigm for stroma-derived factors implicated in carcinoma progression. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1997; 26:43-53. [PMID: 9246540 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(97)00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Basset
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
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Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during human placental development. Placenta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(97)80082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Maquoi E, Noël A, Foidart JM. Matrix metalloproteinases in choriocarcinoma cell lines: A potential regulatory role of extracellular matrix components. Placenta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(97)80084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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