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Murray-Perdue SA, Conway A, Feinberg ME. Couple relationship functioning and social adjustment during the transition to parenthood among fathers with a history of maltreatment. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38813791 DOI: 10.1111/famp.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Study of fathers has gained significant traction over recent decades. However, the experience for men over the transition to parenthood remains focused on high-socioeconomic and socially advantaged fathers. Researchers have yet to thoroughly investigate how fathers may uniquely experience this transition period with a history of childhood maltreatment, given that childhood abuse is known to impact several components of development and relationship functioning into adulthood. The current study endeavored to fill this gap by evaluating the associations between fathers' childhood experiences of physical and emotional abuse and their relationship functioning over the transition to parenthood in terms of both the couple relationship and social adjustment in relationships with others. Using data from 399 fathers who participated in a randomized control trial during pregnancy, the results from stepwise regressions indicate fathers with a history of emotional abuse experience particular declines in their external relationships (reductions in social support and increases in social stress) from prenatal (Wave 1) to postpartum (Wave 2) reports. However, no significant association emerged between fathers' history of maltreatment and their relationship functioning with their partners. These results underscore the importance of investigating the impact of different types of abuse on men in fatherhood. Moreover, we emphasize the need to study further fathers' social adjustment over the transition to parenthood beyond the couple relationship and broad social support to address the needs of men with a history of maltreatment in their new role as fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Murray-Perdue
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Conway
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Seefeld L, Handelzalts JE, Horesh D, Horsch A, Ayers S, Dikmen-Yildiz P, Kömürcü Akik B, Garthus-Niegel S. Going through it together: Dyadic associations between parents' birth experience, relationship satisfaction, and mental health. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:378-388. [PMID: 38154585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that a negative birth experience is associated with symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety in mothers and partners. However, this has mostly been investigated within the first year postpartum and research on the long-term effects is lacking. Additionally, the role of relationship satisfaction and the interdependence between parents have not been considered so far. METHODS Couples (N = 1992) completed questionnaires on their birth experience, relationship satisfaction, and symptoms of depression and anxiety at two months, 14 months, and two years after birth, respectively. RESULTS Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Models indicated no partner effects, but several significant actor and indirect effects. A more positive birth experience was associated with higher relationship satisfaction and less depression and anxiety symptoms for both parents. Higher relationship satisfaction was in turn associated with less depression (mothers and partners) and anxiety symptoms (mothers). The association between birth experience and depression symptoms was partially mediated by relationship satisfaction for mothers and partners, while the association between birth experience and anxiety symptoms was partially mediated by relationship satisfaction only for mothers. LIMITATIONS Due to the highly educated, very healthy sample with low levels of depression and anxiety as well as high relationship satisfaction, results cannot be generalized to less privileged parents. Moreover, all effects were very small. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of a positive birth experience for parents' relationship satisfaction and mental health. Negative birth experiences need to be avoided to prevent a negative impact on the whole family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Seefeld
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jonathan E Handelzalts
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Danny Horesh
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antje Horsch
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department Woman-mother-child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susan Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Burcu Kömürcü Akik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Languages and History-Geography, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Childhood and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Constable R, Price S, Mallan KM. Paternal postnatal depression and parenting behaviours in the first year of life. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13219. [PMID: 38265141 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paternal postnatal depression (PPD) symptomology has been positively associated with poorer outcomes for children. One mechanism by which PPD is thought to influence child outcomes is through parenting. The current study investigated the association between paternal postnatal depressive symptoms and parenting behaviours. METHOD Fathers (N = 213) with an infant (mean age = 7 months, 46% female) between 2 and 12 months old were recruited through community and social media advertisements, as well as a paid survey recruitment website. Fathers completed a questionnaire on their symptoms of PPD and how they care for and raise their child (parental warmth, irritability, engagement in enrichment, play and safety behaviours). RESULTS Fathers experiencing greater levels of PPD symptomatology self-reported higher irritability, lower warmth and fewer safe parenting behaviours but did not report lower enrichment or play with their infants. CONCLUSION Overall, findings suggest that PPD symptomology may impact negatively on aspects of fathers' parenting behaviours. Further research using larger and more diverse samples is needed to assess the generalisability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Constable
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shelby Price
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mallan
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Queensland, Australia
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McGuire E, Murray S, Duffy RM. Pregnancy and breastfeeding in mental health policy: a narrative review. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:592-600. [PMID: 37592861 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mental health difficulties are often exacerbated during the perinatal period. Policy and guidelines are increasingly being used to enhance the quality of healthcare. We conducted a literature review of published research relating to pregnancy and breastfeeding in mental health policy. METHODS Relevant terms were searched in Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO and EMBASE for articles published in English from 1970 until 2020. Only papers that referenced policy, guidance, legislation or standards were included. While a systematic approach was used, the nature of the results necessitated a narrative review. RESULTS Initially, 262 papers were identified, 44 met the inclusion criteria. Reproductive health is given sparse consideration in research relating to mental health policy. Despite this, some key areas emerged. These included: the need for proactive preconception psychoeducation, proactive screening of mothers of infants and young children for perinatal mental health issues, enhanced prescribing practice for women of child-bearing age, enhanced monitoring during pregnancy, development of safe modification of coercive practices should they need to be employed in emergency circumstances and targeted measures to reduce substance misuse. Themes that arose relating to breastfeeding and bonding are also described. CONCLUSIONS Female reproductive health is often ignored in research relating to mental health policy, guidelines and standards. These tools need to be harnessed to promote good healthcare. Reproductive health should be included in the care plan of all mental health patients. These topics need to be integrated into existing relevant policies and not isolated to a separate policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McGuire
- Sligo Leitrim Mental Health Service, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland
| | - S Murray
- Department of Liaison Psychiatry, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - R M Duffy
- Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Service, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Akdağ B, Erdem D, Bektaş M, Yardımcı F. Maternal prenatal attachment during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the roles of pregnancy-related anxiety, risk perception, and well-being. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:651-658. [PMID: 37407838 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women have faced novel physical and mental health risks during the pandemic. This situation is remarkable because a parent's emotional bond with their unborn baby (also known as prenatal attachment) is related to the parent's mental state. Prenatal attachment helps parents psychologically prepare for the transition into parenthood. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in the future parentchild relationship and psychosocial development of the baby. Based on the available literature, the current study integrated risk perception theories with mental health indicators to examine maternal prenatal attachment during the pandemic. Pregnant women (n = 258) completed the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revision 2 (PRAQ-R2), the WHO Well-being Index (WHO-5), the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), and answered questions about COVID-19 risk perception. The findings illustrated that pregnancy-related anxiety was positively associated with maternal prenatal attachment. Moreover, COVID-19 risk perception and well-being mediated this relationship. In other words, the higher levels of pregnancy-related anxiety were associated with increased COVID-19 risk perception and decreased well-being, inhibiting prenatal attachment in pregnant women. Considering the importance of prenatal attachment, it is crucial to understand the experiences of pregnant women and develop policies for promoting prenatal attachment, especially during challenging times such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Akdağ
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Silifke State Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Erdem
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya Training and Research Hospital, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Yardımcı
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Wainwright S, Caskey R, Rodriguez A, Holicky A, Wagner-Schuman M, Glassgow AE. Screening fathers for postpartum depression in a maternal-child health clinic: a program evaluation in a midwest urban academic medical center. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:675. [PMID: 37726664 PMCID: PMC10508033 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) impacts fathers as well as mothers, and is estimated to affect between 8 and 13% of fathers. Paternal PPD is a risk factor for worsened quality of life, poor physical and mental health, and developmental and relational harms in the father-mother-child triad. There are no current recommendations for PPD screening among fathers. Paternal PPD screening was piloted in an intergenerational postpartum primary care clinic. METHODS The pilot was carried out in an intergenerational postpartum primary care clinic located at a Midwest urban academic safety net health system from October 2021 to July 2022. Fathers actively involved in relationships with mothers or infants receiving primary care in the clinic were approached with mothers' permission. A novel survey instrument was used to collect demographic/social data, as well as mental health history and current stress levels; an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was also administered. Screenings were completed by social workers; data were collected in REDCap and descriptive statistics were calculated in SAS. RESULTS 29 fathers were contacted and 24 completed screening (83%). Mean age was 31 years (range 19-48). Most (87%) identified as belonging to a racial or ethnic minority group. Fathers self-reported low rates of stress and preexisting mental health conditions, but 30% screened positive for PPD on EPDS (score of ≥ 8, or suicidal ideation). Gaps in health care were found, as one-quarter (26%) of fathers were uninsured and half (54%) did not have a primary care provider. After screening, two requested mental health services, and three established new primary care with a physician. CONCLUSIONS Participation was high in a PPD screening pilot for fathers in a primary care setting. This small sample of fathers demonstrated significant peripartum mental health challenges unlikely to have been identified otherwise. For some participants, engaging in PPD screening was an effective tool to prompt their subsequent engagement with general health care. This pilot is a step toward incorporating the health of fathers into models for supporting the health of families. Expanding screening for paternal PPD into routine primary care is necessary to reach more affected fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wainwright
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S. Wood Street, CSN 440, M/C 718, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rachel Caskey
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S. Wood Street, CSN 440, M/C 718, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S. Wood Street, CSN 440, M/C 718, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Abigail Holicky
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S. Wood Street, CSN 440, M/C 718, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Wagner-Schuman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne Elizabeth Glassgow
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S. Wood Street, CSN 440, M/C 718, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yu J, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Zhang L, He C, Wu Y, Xu X, Yang J. Risk factors for the development of postpartum depression in individuals who screened positive for antenatal depression. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:557. [PMID: 37528383 PMCID: PMC10394808 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with antenatal depression often have a higher risk of developing postpartum depression (PPD) after delivery. A number of factors associated with the PDD in those previously reporting antenatal depression have been suggested, but further research is needed. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with developing subsequent postnatal depression in women who had screened positive for antenatal depression. METHODS This study was carried out in Hangzhou women's Hospital. 578 women who experienced antenatal depression from this cohort were enrolled in this study. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were collected and tabulated against the incidence of postnatal depression. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of the principal underlying variables. The Chinese-version Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for PPD. Antenatal screening for depression was conducted at 28-34 weeks during pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms were assessed at 6 weeks after childbirth in the women. Path Analysis of Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to explore the direct, indirect, and total effects of risk factors of PPD. RESULTS 57.6% (n = 333) of the participants subsequently developed PPD in our study. The results of the logistic analysis indicated that ages ≤ 35 years old (OR = 1.852; 95%CI: 1.002-3.423), non-one-child families (OR = 1.518; 95%CI: 1.047-2.200), and rare care from partner during pregnancy (OR = 2.801; 95%CI: 1.038-7.562), the antenatal EPDS score (OR = 1.128; 95%CI: 1.052-1.209), pyrexia during pregnancy (OR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.358-4.345), fairly good (OR = 1.836; 95%CI: 1.009-3.340), fairly bad (OR = 3.919; 95%CI:2.072-7.414) and very bad postpartum sleep quality (OR = 9.18; 95%CI: 2.335-36.241) were associated with increased risk of PPD (compared to very good postpartum sleep quality). In path analysis model, antenatal EPDS score (standardized total β = 0.173) and pyrexia during pregnancy (standardized total β = 0.132) had both direct and indirect effects (the impact on outcome variables needs to be determined through other variables) on PPD. Sleep quality after delivery (standardized β = 0.226) and one-child family (standardized β = 0.088) had direct effects only on PPD. CONCLUSION The results from our study indicated that more than 50% of the women who experienced antepartum depression would subsequently develop PPD. Depressive symptoms and pyrexia during pregnancy increase PPD scores, and these effects were in part mediated via poor sleep quality during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuncao He
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, 2318 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Uterine Cancer, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Baldy C, Piffault E, Chopin MC, Wendland J. Postpartum Blues in Fathers: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Impact on Father-to-Infant Bond. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105899. [PMID: 37239624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored, in men, one of the most common postpartum syndromes in women: the postpartum blues. The aims of the study were (a) to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum blues in fathers, (b) to explore the sociodemographic and perinatal factors that may be associated with its intensity, and (c) to investigate the relationship between the intensity of blues symptoms and the quality of father-to-infant bonding. Three hundred and three French-speaking fathers living in France completed a sociodemographic and obstetrical questionnaire, the Maternity Blues Questionnaire, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. The fathers were recruited from two maternity hospitals and a Child and Maternal Health Centre within 10 days of their infant's birth, or from online forums devoted to parenting. At least 17.5% of fathers experienced postpartum blues. A high level of education was associated with a higher level of postpartum blues symptoms. Dissatisfaction with the maternity care and significant father involvement during pregnancy and delivery predicted more severe postpartum blues symptoms. Symptoms of postpartum blues were positively correlated with impairment in the father-to-infant bond. This study lends support to the existence of postpartum blues among fathers and highlights its possible consequences on early father-infant relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Baldy
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Eloi Piffault
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Margaux Chabbert Chopin
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Laboratory QualiPsy, University of Tours, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Jaqueline Wendland
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Hernandez S, Brown T, Henderson SE. Counseling Mexican American Men Struggling with Paternal Postpartum Depression. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/07399863231153296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression is generally attributed to women after bearing children. However, several studies have indicated that men face a similar condition after the birth of a child. About 10% of men experience paternal postpartum depression. Although this percentage reflects Caucasian men’s experience, studies have found Mexican American men experiencing paternal postpartum depression (PPD), too. This conceptual article addresses critical cultural aspects to consider when counseling Mexican American men struggling with PPD by providing a case study with implications for a counselor to consider when counseling Mexican American men struggling with PPD. In this manuscript, Sandtray therapy was used as an intervention to facilitate the client’s understanding of self, the surroundings, and certain parts of reality.
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Postpartum Depression Among Gay Fathers With Children Born Through Surrogacy: A Cross-sectional Study. J Psychiatr Pract 2023; 29:3-10. [PMID: 36649546 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on postpartum depression (PPD) in gay fathers are scarce. The goals of this study were to examine the prevalence of PPD among Israeli gay fathers with children born through surrogacy and to identify characteristics associated with PPD in this population. METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we sent surveys to gay fathers who had children who were 0 to 12 months of age and were born through surrogacy. Surveys were sent through 3 major surrogacy agencies in Israel and through the media. Data were collected concerning sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle factors as well as concerning satisfaction with partners, family, and social support. Each respondent completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, which screens for PPD. Characteristics of fathers with and without probable PPD were compared. RESULTS Between July 2018 and December 2019, 66 men answered our questionnaire. The respondents, mean age of 37.5 years, were mostly first-time fathers (82%), with high rates of twin pregnancies (42%). Eight respondents (12%) were classified as having depressive symptoms (95% CI: 5.4%-22.5%), and 16 respondents (25%) reported current or past use of antidepressant medications. A negative association was observed between satisfaction with family support and report of depressive symptoms (χ22=6.53, P=0.038) and Spearman correlation test (rs=-0.34, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of probable PPD among gay fathers was 12% compared with 8.8% reported in fathers in the general population. High satisfaction with family support was associated with a lower incidence of probable PPD among gay fathers. Increased awareness of the potential for PPD in gay fathers can improve early diagnosis and treatment.
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The social predictors of paternal antenatal mental health and their associations with maternal mental health in the Queensland Family Cohort prospective study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:107-116. [PMID: 35984501 PMCID: PMC9908725 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antenatal depression (AND) affects 1 in 10 fathers, potentially negatively impacting maternal mental health and well-being during and after the transition to parenthood. However, few studies have assessed the social predictors of paternal AND or their possible associations with maternal mental health. We analysed data from 180 couples participating in the Queensland Family Cohort longitudinal study. Both parents completed surveys measuring mental health, relationship quality, social support, and sleep quality at 24 weeks of pregnancy. Mothers also completed the same surveys 6 weeks' postpartum. Antenatal depression, stress, and anxiety were highest among fathers reporting lower social support and higher sleep impairment. Maternal AND, stress, and anxiety were higher among mothers reporting higher physical pain and poor sleep quality. Postnatally, mothers reporting lower social support also reported higher depression, anxiety, stress, and psycho-social well-being. While there were no significant associations between AND among fathers and maternal antenatal or postnatal depression, an exploratory analysis revealed that mothers whose partners reported lower antenatal social support also reported lower postnatal social support and higher postnatal depression. Our findings highlight the importance of including data among fathers to achieve a whole family approach to well-being during the transition to parenthood.
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Axinn WG, Banchoff E, Cole F, Ghimire DJ, Smoller JW. The transition to parenthood, opportunity to drink, drinking, and alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 241:109697. [PMID: 36423463 PMCID: PMC10314724 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used life histories from a setting of near universal marriage and childbearing (Nepal) to identify associations between both marital transitions and the transition into parenthood and alcohol use and disorder (AUD). METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional survey using life history calendars documented lifetime marital and childbearing histories of 4876 men and 5742 women aged 15-59 in 2016-18. The clinically validated, Nepal-specific Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed first alcohol use opportunity, use, and disorder. RESULTS Being never married increased the odds of having the opportunity to drink for men (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.14 - 1.48, p < 0.001) and women (OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.08 - 1.43, p = 0.003) compared to being married. While men were never married, widowed, or divorced they were at a greater risk of developing AUD. The transition to parenthood significantly increased the odds of AUD onset for men (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.12 - 2.61, p = 0.013), independent of marital transitions. For women in this setting, becoming divorced increased the odds of having their first drink (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.14 - 2.75, p = 0.011). Giving birth to a first child also increased the odds of first opportunity to drink for women (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.07 - 1.57, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS We found associations between marital transitions and AUD that are consistent with findings worldwide. In this setting of near universal childbearing, the transition into fatherhood increased the odds of postpartum AUD among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Axinn
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
| | - Emma Banchoff
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Faith Cole
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Dirgha J Ghimire
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Xie EB, Simpson KM, Reynolds KA, Giuliano RJ, Protudjer JLP, Soderstrom M, Sauer-Zavala S, Giesbrecht GF, Lebel C, Mackinnon AL, Rioux C, Penner-Goeke L, Freeman M, Salisbury MR, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Roos LE. Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM): study protocol for a phase III randomized controlled trial of the BEAM app-based program for mothers of children 18-36 months. Trials 2022; 23:741. [PMID: 36064436 PMCID: PMC9441821 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of maternal depression and anxiety has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and pregnant individuals are experiencing concerningly elevated levels of mental health symptoms worldwide. Many individuals may now be at heightened risk of postpartum mental health disorders. There are significant concerns that a cohort of children may be at-risk for impaired self-regulation and mental illness due to elevated exposure to perinatal mental illness. With both an increased prevalence of depression and limited availability of services due to the pandemic, there is an urgent need for accessible eHealth interventions for mothers of young children. The aims of this trial are to evaluate the efficacy of the Building Emotion Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM) app-based program for reducing maternal depression symptoms (primary outcome) and improve anxiety symptoms, parenting stress, family relationships, and mother and child functioning (secondary outcomes) compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Methods A two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with repeated measures will be used to evaluate the efficacy of the BEAM intervention compared to TAU among a sample of 140 mothers with children aged 18 to 36 months, who self-report moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Individuals will be recruited online, and those randomized to the treatment group will participate in 10 weeks of psychoeducation modules, an online social support forum, and weekly group teletherapy sessions. Assessments will occur at 18–36 months postpartum (pre-test, T1), immediately after the last week of the BEAM intervention (post-test, T2), and at 3 months after the intervention (follow-up, T3). Discussion eHealth interventions have the potential to address elevated maternal mental health symptoms, parenting stress, and child functioning concerns during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide accessible programming to mothers who are in need of support. This RCT will build on an open pilot trial of the BEAM program and provide further evaluation of this evidence-based intervention. Findings will increase our understanding of depression in mothers with young children and reveal the potential for long-term improvements in maternal and child health and family well-being. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT05306626. Registered on April 1, 2022
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bailin Xie
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L P Protudjer
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Anna L Mackinnon
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Charlie Rioux
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Makayla Freeman
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Leslie E Roos
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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14
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Maternal and Paternal Predictors of Turkish Fathers’ Nurturing and Caregiving. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study uses bioecological and identity theories to explore associations among maternal education and employment, fathers’ gender role beliefs and identities, and fathers’ caregiving and nurturing involvement in a Turkish context. The study sample was derived from data collected in 2016 from 1,102 fathers of children between birth and 3 years of age. We used path analysis in structural equation modeling to test direct and indirect associations. Direct paths between maternal education and employment and fathers’ caregiving and nurturing behaviors were not significant; however, some fathers’ gender role beliefs mediated the associations. Modernity beliefs mediated the association between education and caregiving, and fathers’ emotional closeness mediated the association between maternal education and fathers’ nurturing behaviors. Furthermore, maternal employment was indirectly associated with fathers’ caregiving via his beliefs about the equality of sons and daughters and division of labor at home. Father identity development was not associated with maternal education or employment, and only mediated associations between fathers’ beliefs about emotional closeness and their caregiving and nurturing involvement. The current findings suggest that cultural norms and beliefs likely play themselves out via parenting styles and family structures (the microsystems for children), and therefore these family variables may contain very valuable cultural information in understanding the processes of father identity construction, masculinity beliefs, and father involvement behaviors.
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15
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Smythe KL, Petersen I, Schartau P. Prevalence of Perinatal Depression and Anxiety in Both Parents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2218969. [PMID: 35749112 PMCID: PMC9233234 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE New and expectant parents experience perinatal mood disorders, with consequences to parenting ability, bonding with the neonate, interpersonal relationships, and health and well-being of parents. Research shows that maternal and paternal perinatal mood disorders are associated, but no recent systematic review has addressed the prevalence of perinatal mood disorders in both mothers and fathers (parental dyad). OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of perinatal mood disorders in parental dyads and identify factors associated with perinatal mood disorders in parental dyads. DATA SOURCES Ovid (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO) and Web of Science were searched from January 1, 1990, to June 8, 2021, for observational studies reporting on the prevalence of perinatal depression or anxiety in a parental dyad. STUDY SELECTION Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety or depression in both members of a parental dyad were included, with diagnosis according to established criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fifth Edition], International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision) or use of validated screening tools. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Prevalence data were extracted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data were analyzed in subgroups: antenatal depression, early postnatal depression (0-12 weeks), late postnatal depression (3-12 months), and perinatal anxiety. Pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Quality assessment was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Data were analyzed in June 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence of perinatal anxiety and perinatal depression in parental dyads. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included, with data from 29 286 couples. The pooled prevalence of antenatal depression in both parents was 1.72% (95% CI, 0.96%-2.48%; P < .001). The prevalence of early postnatal depression (up to 12 weeks post partum) was 2.37% (95% CI, 1.66%-3.08%; P < .001) and the prevalence of late postnatal depression (3-12 months post partum) was 3.18% (95% CI, 2.3-4.05; P < .001). Only 3 studies reported on perinatal anxiety in both parents, precluding a quantitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In up to 3.18% of couples, both parents may concurrently experience perinatal depression. Perinatal health care must consider the mental health needs of parents, both as individuals and as a parental dyad. Further research is needed to examine outcomes in families where both parents experience perinatal mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Smythe
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Petersen
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Schartau
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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van den Heuvel MI, Vacaru SV, Boekhorst MGBM, Cloin M, van Bakel H, Riem MME, de Weerth C, Beijers R. Parents of young infants report poor mental health and more insensitive parenting during the first Covid-19 lockdown. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 35397538 PMCID: PMC8994419 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Covid-19 pandemic has put an unprecedented pressure on families with children. How parents were affected by the first Covid-19 lockdown during the early postpartum period, an already challenging period for many, is unknown. Aim To investigate the associations between Covid-19 related stress, mental health, and insensitive parenting practices in mothers and fathers with young infants during the first Dutch Covid-19 lockdown. Methods The Dutch Covid-19 and Perinatal Experiences (COPE-NL) study included 681 parents of infants between 0 and 6 months (572 mothers and 109 fathers). Parents filled out online questionnaires about Covid-19 related stress, mental health (i.e. anxiety and depressive symptoms), and insensitive parenting. Hierarchical regression models were used to analyze the data. Results Parents of a young infant reported high rates of Covid-19 related stress, with higher reported stress in mothers compared to fathers. Additionally, the percentages of mothers and fathers experiencing clinically meaningful mental health symptoms during the pandemic were relatively high (mothers: 39.7% anxiety, 14.5% depression; fathers: 37.6% anxiety, 6.4% depression). More Covid-19 related stress was associated with more mental health symptoms in parents and increased insensitive parenting practices in mothers. Conclusions The results emphasize the strain of the pandemic on young fathers’ and mothers’ mental health and its potential negative consequences for parenting. As poor parental mental health and insensitive parenting practices carry risk for worse child outcomes across the lifespan, the mental health burden of the Covid-19 pandemic might not only have affected the parents, but also the next generation.
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17
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Nasreen HE, Pasi HB, Aris MAM, Rahman JA, Rus RM, Edhborg M. Impact of parental perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms trajectories on early parent-infant impaired bonding: a cohort study in east and west coasts of Malaysia. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:377-387. [PMID: 34313824 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms and impaired bonding with infants were widely studied, but not in fathers and none in Malaysia. We investigated the impact of different trajectories of perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms on parent-infant impaired bonding during 2-3 months postpartum in both mothers and fathers in two areas of Malaysia. This study originated from a psychiatric morbidity cohort study carried out in health clinics in east and west Malaysia. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and anxiety subscale of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale at late pregnancy and 2-3 months postpartum and Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire were completed by 566 mothers and 457 fathers. About 11.7% mothers and 16.1% fathers reported depressive symptoms during pregnancy, 6.5% mothers and 10.5% fathers during 2-3 months postpartum, and 3-4% mothers and fathers both depressive and anxiety symptoms 2-3 months postpartum. The mean impaired bonding score was highest in mothers and fathers who had both depressive and anxiety symptoms 2-3 months postpartum. Impaired bonding is associated with higher EPDS and DASS (anxiety subscale) scores 2-3 months postpartum in both parents. Physical partner violence and deteriorated marital relationship were associated with increased risk of impaired bonding in mothers. The association between depressive, anxiety, and comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in both mothers and fathers and parent-infant impaired bonding during 2-3 months postpartum urges for screening and treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms in both parents during early parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashima E Nasreen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Hafizah Binti Pasi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Aznan Md Aris
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Jamalludin Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Razman Mohd Rus
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Maigun Edhborg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Fernandes J, Tavares I, Bem-Haja P, Barros T, Carrito ML. A Longitudinal Study on Maternal Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Strict Lockdown Measures and Social Support. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604608. [PMID: 35356264 PMCID: PMC8959081 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the trajectory of perinatal depressive symptoms in Portuguese women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of individual, relational, and contextual risk and protective factors.Methods: This 3-wave longitudinal study followed 290 pregnant women from the third trimester of pregnancy until 6-months postpartum. Women self-reported on depressive symptoms, psychological (anxiety, perceived stress, mindfulness), relational (perceived social support, dyadic adjustment, sexual wellbeing), and contextual (lockdown status) factors.Results: Women who were under strict lockdown presented significantly higher scores of depressive symptoms at baseline (by 1.38 EPDS points) than women who were not under strict lockdown measures. Mixed Growth Models showed that trajectories of depressive symptoms were explained by differences in women’s baseline depression. Differences in women’s depressive symptoms at baseline were mainly explained by higher anxiety and lower social support (22% and 24% for women under lockdown; 39% and 6% for women not on lockdown, respectively).Conclusion: Preventative interventions targeted at pregnant women should aim to reduce anxiety and enhance women’s social support to prevent depression in pregnancy and postpartum during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Fernandes
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Tavares
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Inês Tavares,
| | - Pedro Bem-Haja
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Barros
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana L. Carrito
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude of postpartum depression in Jordan is under documented, and little is known about its potential sociodemographic and clinical correlates. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers in the first 18 months after delivery. METHOD This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from April to June 2020 in Jordan. A web-based survey was used for recruiting eligible participants. An Arabic version of the validated self-administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to measure postpartum depression with a cut-off score of ⩾12 which indicates probable depression. RESULTS A total of 1,071 Jordanian women participated in the study. Of those, 567 women had postpartum depression (52.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that postpartum depression was significantly associated with marital conflict (OR: 4.91; 95% CI: 2.36-10.20), negative attitude from the pregnancy (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45-0.99), unplanned pregnancies (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.16-2.60), lack of social support (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12-3.32), time from last delivery (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98-1.00), insomnia (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35-0.82), and depression during the pregnancy (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33-0.78). Most of the participants (65.7%) sought social support to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS Postpartum depression among Jordanian women was the highest in comparison to that of women in other countries in the region. Therefore, screening for the presence of depressive symptoms should be implemented during regular pregnancy care visits. Social support should be encouraged in order to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra' O Taybeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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20
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Chhabra J, Li W, McDermott B. Predictive Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Men During the Perinatal Period: A Mixed Methods Study. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221079489. [PMID: 35225057 PMCID: PMC8882954 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221079489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with
paternal perinatal mental distress in a sample of Australian men. A
mixed-methods design was used. The qualitative component (N =
13) using thematic analysis identified maternal depression, marital distress,
masculine gender role stress, unplanned pregnancy, work–family conflict, and
sleep disturbance as risk factors for paternal perinatal mental distress. The
quantitative component (N = 525) expanded on the qualitative
findings and examined the associations between the identified risk factors and
mental distress of fathers in the perinatal period measured by Edinburgh
postnatal depression scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed
six significant predictors of paternal perinatal mental distress with masculine
gender role stress being the most significant risk factor for paternal perinatal
mental distress. The results from this study provide an insight into how
masculine gender role may affect the expression and experience of mental
distress in fathers within the perinatal period. Implications of research
findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Chhabra
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Madsen KB, Mægbæk ML, Thomsen NS, Liu X, Eberhard-Gran M, Skalkidou A, Bergink V, Munk-Olsen T. Pregnancy and postpartum psychiatric episodes in fathers: A population-based study on treatment incidence and prevalence. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:130-135. [PMID: 34601300 PMCID: PMC8595874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For women, the perinatal period confers an increased risk of severe psychiatric disorders, but similar evidence for fathers is lacking. We examined rates of first-time and recurrent psychiatric disorders in men before and after becoming fathers. METHODS A descriptive prospective study design was applied using information from the Danish National registers. Perinatal psychiatric episodes were assessed as incidence of first-time and prevalence (including recurrence) of recorded in- or outpatient admissions for any mental disorder and redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medication in fathers to children born from January 1, 1998 until December 31, 2015. RESULTS We identified 929,415 births and 543,555 unique fathers. Incidence and prevalence proportions for paternal psychiatric in- and outpatient episodes showed an increasing trend over the perinatal period and were marginally higher postpartum compared to pregnancy; e.g., median incidence proportion for inpatient treatment during pregnancy was 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04; 0.07) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08; 0.11) postpartum per 1000 births. No difference between the periods was found for incidence of prescriptions for psychotropic medication. Psychiatric disorders in expecting and new fathers were mainly treated in primary care with cumulative incidence of prescriptions for psychotropic medication of 14.56 per 1000 births during the first year of fatherhood. LIMITATIONS We only capture fathers who actively sought and received treatment, and we consequently underestimate milder psychiatric episodes in expecting and new fathers. CONCLUSION Becoming a father did not appear to trigger a substantially increased risk of severe psychiatric disorders, as it has been observed for new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Bang Madsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, Building R, Aarhus 8210, Denmark; iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.
| | - Merete Lund Mægbæk
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Nete Stubkjær Thomsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Malin Eberhard-Gran
- Norwegian Research Centre for Women’s Health, Women and Children’s Division, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Veerle Bergink
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,iPSYCH, the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
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22
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Fathers' Mental Health and Children's Aggressive Behaviour A Study Based on Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:278-288. [PMID: 33511500 PMCID: PMC8924092 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the association between fathers' prenatal psychological distress and children's aggressive behaviour in terms of hitting others, and how children's age, gender and temperament affect this association. The study is based on data from 20,155 fathers and mothers from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Fathers and mothers completed questionnaires at 17 or 18 weeks of gestation and mothers at children's age 18 months, and 3 and 5 years. Fathers' prenatal psychological distress was assessed by the 5-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-5), and children's temperament by 12 items from the Emotionality Activity Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey. Increasing prenatal psychological distress in fathers was associated with an increase of hitting from 18 months to 3 years of age in boys. Children's temperament did not affect the association between fathers' prenatal psychological distress and children's aggressive behaviour.
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23
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Łada-Maśko AB, Kaźmierczak M. Measuring and Predicting Maturity to Parenthood: What Has Personality Got to Do with It? J Clin Med 2021; 10:5802. [PMID: 34945098 PMCID: PMC8706419 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity to parenthood is essential for taking on parental roles but remains an understudied issue. Still, close relations between maturity and personality dimensions are commonly emphasized. Thus, conducting research on maturity in context of personality seems a valuable research direction. The present research consists of two studies, focusing on the development and validation of Maturity to Parenthood Scale (MPS), in relation to personality, emotional regulation, coping with challenges, and intimate relationship satisfaction. In both studies, childless adults aged 20-35 years took part: (1) 718 participants (Mage = 25.49; SD = 2.89; 479 women), (2) 150 participants (Mage = 23.69; SD = 3.15; 104 women). All the participants had been in an intimate relationship for at least six months at the time of the study, the majority declared their willingness to have children in the future, had higher education, and were professionally active. The results showed that MPS is a reliable, valid measure comprising the following three subscales: valence, behavioral, and cognitive-emotional maturity to parenthood. The findings also confirmed the importance of broad- and narrow-band individual differences and contextual factors for maturity. MPS may be used in psychoeducation, supporting the transition to biological or adoptive/foster parenthood, as well as in medical and psychological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Beata Łada-Maśko
- Division of Developmental Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Division of Family Studies and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
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24
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Jannati N, Farokhzadian J, Ahmadian L. The Experience of Healthcare Professionals Providing Mental Health Services to Mothers with Postpartum Depression: A qualitative study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:554-562. [PMID: 34888074 PMCID: PMC8631231 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to describe the experience of healthcare professionals in
providing mental health services to women with postpartum depression
(PPD). Methods In this qualitative study, data were collected through semi-structured
interviews with five physicians, five midwives and five psychologists from
14 urban healthcare centres in Kerman, Iran, from April 2019 to September
2019. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants. Data were
qualitatively analysed using a content analysis approach. Results Data analysis revealed the main theme of the study: ‘the long way
ahead for comprehensive, integrated and responsive mental health
services’. This theme included four categories: ‘postpartum
depression challenges’, ‘social and personal
factors’, ‘structural challenges’ and ‘need
for change in mental health services’. The participants described
that depression diagnosis is difficult due to insufficient knowledge among
healthcare providers and the hidden signs of PPD. They also described how
different factors such as economic and cultural factors, personality traits,
a community’s lack of knowledge, negative attitude towards
depression and limited family support might cause depression. Moreover,
providing mental health services involves certain challenges, such as
limited human resources, insufficient financial resources and incomplete or
inefficient policy-making. Conclusion Although measures have been taken to provide mental health services, there
are many challenges regarding providing mental health services to mothers.
Therefore, serious measures should be taken to improve mental health
services and re-define the existing measures. Informing the community,
empowering the healthcare providers and attempting to change the
community’s attitudes and beliefs can affect the mental healthcare
of women with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamileh Farokhzadian
- Nursing Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Ahmadian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology
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25
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Nieh HP, Chou LT, Chang CJ. Depressed mood trajectories in the first year postpartum among Taiwanese mothers: Associations with perceived support, financial stress, and marital satisfaction. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2478-2488. [PMID: 34617477 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211049944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the typology of depressed mood trajectories and the associated factors over the first year postpartum among Taiwanese mothers. Data of 4332 mothers from a nationwide longitudinal study on child development and care were analyzed. Three classes of depressed mood trajectories were identified, two with lower initial scores and a decreasing trajectory and one with a higher initial score and an increasing trajectory. Subjective financial stress, perceived support, and marital satisfaction were significant in predicting mothers' membership of the depressed mood trajectory classes. The results highlighted the individual susceptibility to the postpartum depressed mood among Taiwanese mothers.
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Mangialavori S, Cacioppo M, Terrone G, O'Hara MW. A dyadic approach to stress and prenatal depression in first-time parents: The mediating role of marital satisfaction. Stress Health 2021; 37:755-765. [PMID: 33620738 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the field of perinatal clinical psychology, most studies focus on mothers' psychological states during pregnancy, neglecting the role of their partners. This study used an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model to evaluate the mediating role of dyadic satisfaction on the relationship between perceived stress and prenatal depressive symptomatology in both members of male-female-mixed-gender couples who were expecting their first child. One hundred thirty-eight couples in their third trimester of pregnancy were asked to complete questionnaires about perceived stress, dyadic adjustment, and depression. The model revealed that there was an intrapersonal indirect effect of fathers' perceived stress on prenatal paternal depression through their marital satisfaction. Moreover, an interpersonal indirect effect was found with mothers' perceived stress being associated with prenatal paternal depression through fathers' dyadic satisfaction. Maternal indirect effects were all non-significant, suggesting that their dyadic satisfaction and that of their partner did not mediate the relation between their perceived stress and that of their partner and their prenatal depression. Findings support the importance of assessing the dyadic satisfaction of couples during pregnancy, especially in expectant fathers, and targeting it in the psychological support offered to couples as a way of improving their prenatal distress, and consequently, their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Cacioppo
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Terrone
- Department of History, Cultural Heritage, Education and Society, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael W O'Hara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Fisher SD, Cobo J, Figueiredo B, Fletcher R, Garfield CF, Hanley J, Ramchandani P, Singley DB. Expanding the international conversation with fathers' mental health: toward an era of inclusion in perinatal research and practice. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:841-848. [PMID: 34431009 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Paternal mental health is beginning to be recognized as an essential part of perinatal health. Historically, fathers were not recognized as being at risk for perinatal mental illnesses or relevant to maternal and infant health outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of paternal perinatal mental health, leading tools to assess paternal depression and anxiety, the impact of paternal mental health on mother and child health, and future directions for the field. An international team of paternal perinatal mental health experts summarized the key findings of the field. Fathers have an elevated risk of depression and anxiety disorders during the perinatal period that is associated with maternal depression and can impact their ability to support mothers. Paternal mental health is uniquely associated with child mental health and developmental outcomes starting from infancy and continuing through the child lifespan. Tailored screening approaches for paternal mental health are essential to support fathers early in the perinatal period, which would offset health risks for the family. Recommendations on paternal mental health are provided on four key areas to support father perinatal mental health: (1) intervention research, (2) clinical training, (3) national policy, and (4) the inclusion of fathers in the focus of the International Marcé Society for Perinatal Mental Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheehan D Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jesus Cobo
- Psychiatry Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí - CIBERSAM - I3PT - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Sabadell, Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Richard Fletcher
- College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Craig F Garfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann& Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane Hanley
- Perinatal MH Training CIC, Carmarthen, Wales, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Paul Ramchandani
- PEDAL Research Centre, Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wang D, Li YL, Qiu D, Xiao SY. Factors Influencing Paternal Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:51-63. [PMID: 34171611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum period is a critical time that requires adjustments not only for mothers but also for fathers and may pose risk for depression. Studies show that the prevalence of paternal postpartum depression (PPD) is between 1.2% and 25.5%. PPD is an under-recognized public health issue and its reported influencing factors are still inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature by examining influencing factors that affect paternal PPD and describe the strength their associations. METHODS We conducted keyword search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PsycARTICLES electronic databases up to Jan 17, 2020, without language restrictions, for observational studies investigating the factors influencing paternal PPD and its effects. Fixed or random effect model was used to pool odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with Stata software 12.0. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran's chi-squared test (Cochran's Q) and I2 values. RESULTS Nineteen cross-sectional studies and eighteen cohort studies published from 1996 to 2019 were included in this review and seventeen studies in the meta-analysis. Factors affecting paternal PPD can be classified into paternal, maternal, infant and family factors. In Meta-analysis, 9 of 17 influencing factors were revealed to be statistically significant: 1) paternal factors: unemployment OR= 2.59 (95%CI:1.42-4.74), low social support OR=1.05 (95%CI:1.03-1.08), negative life events OR=1.45 (95%CI:1.13-1.87), perceived stress OR=1.08 (95%CI:1.03-1.12), financial strain OR=2.07 (95%CI:1.13-3.81), history of mental illness OR=3.48 (95%CI:2.49-4.86); 2) maternal factors: parity OR=1.36 (95%CI:1.13-1.65) and maternal postnatal depression OR=1.17 (95%CI:1.03-1.33); 3) family factors: low marital satisfaction OR=1.40 (95%CI:1.22-1.61). No statistically significant association with infant factors was found in the meta-analysis. LIMITATIONS There was publication bias since we only included English studies. Samples were under-represented in low-and middle-income countries. The meta-analysis results are subject to unobserved confounding factors and cannot explain causality. CONCLUSION This overview of the evidence suggests a relationship between paternal employment, psychological status, history of maternal mental illness, first pregnancy, marital relationship and paternal PPD. The low number of studies for some infant factors in meta-analysis leaves gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. The mechanisms underlying the reported associations and their causal relationship still remain unclear. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of paternal PPD should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect fathers from PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Yi-Lu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Dan Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Shui-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Kohlhoff J, Tooke S, Cibralic S, Hickinbotham R, Knox C, Roach V, Barnett B. Antenatal psychosocial assessment and depression screening in an Australian Private Hospital setting: A qualitative examination of women's perspectives. Midwifery 2021; 103:103129. [PMID: 34487949 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, clinical practice guidelines have been developed to support the implementation of antenatal psychosocial assessment and depression screening in routine clinical obstetric care. While there has been widespread uptake of such programs in Australian public hospitals, implementation in private hospitals has been slower. However, the situation in this regard may be changing, with the emergence of examples of midwife delivered screening programs in a number of private hospital settings. At present, patient experiences of these programs are largely unknown. AIM The aim of this study was to gain feedback from women who participated in the 'Pre-admission midwife appointment' program at an Australian private hospital about their experiences of, and perspectives about, the program. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women (Mage 36.04 years, range 30-48) who had given birth to a child between 9 and 14 months prior to the interview (M = 11.87 months, SD = 1.76) and who had attended the Pre-admission midwife appointment program during the pregnancy. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach with an essentialist-realistic theoretical framework. FINDINGS Data analysis revealed five major themes: 'increased awareness and support for perinatal mental health issues', 'enhanced quality of care provided at the hospital', 'experience with the midwife impacts perceptions of the program'; 'partners', and 'preparation for the program'. DISCUSSION This study provides useful information from the perspective of consumers, about a psychosocial assessment and depression screening program at an Australian private hospital. It highlights a number of program benefits for pregnant women, their partners, and the hospital, as well as factors facilitating program success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia; Karitane, Sydney Australia.
| | | | - Sara Cibralic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia
| | | | - C Knox
- Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; University of Sydney, Sydney Australia
| | - V Roach
- Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
| | - B Barnett
- Gidget Foundation Australia; Australasian Birth Trauma Association
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30
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Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Doherty J, Jonas J, Li S, Sankoh AJ, Silber C, Campbell AD, Werneburg B, Kanes SJ, Lasser R. Effect of Zuranolone vs Placebo in Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:951-959. [PMID: 34190962 PMCID: PMC8246337 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Importance Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common medical complications during and after pregnancy, negatively affecting both mother and child. Objective To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-positive allosteric modulator, in PPD. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 3, double-blind, randomized, outpatient, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted between January 2017 and December 2018 in 27 enrolling US sites. Participant were women aged 18 to 45 years, 6 months or fewer post partum, with PPD (major depressive episode beginning third trimester or ≤4 weeks postdelivery), and baseline 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) score of 26 or higher. Analysis was intention to treat and began December 2018 and ended March 2019. Interventions Randomization 1:1 to placebo:zuranolone, 30 mg, administered orally each evening for 2 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end point was change from baseline in HAMD-17 score for zuranolone vs placebo at day 15. Secondary end points included changes from baseline in HAMD-17 total score at other time points, HAMD-17 response (≥50% score reduction) and remission (score ≤7) rates, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety score. Safety was assessed by adverse events and clinical assessments. Results Of 153 randomized patients, the efficacy set comprised 150 patients (mean [SD] age, 28.3 [5.4] years), and 148 (98.7%) completed treatment. A total of 76 patients were randomized to placebo, and 77 were randomized to zuranolone, 30 mg. Zuranolone demonstrated significant day 15 HAMD-17 score improvements from baseline vs placebo (-17.8 vs -13.6; difference, -4.2; 95% CI, -6.9 to -1.5; P = .003). Sustained differences in HAMD-17 scores favoring zuranolone were observed from day 3 (difference, -2.7; 95% CI, -5.1 to -0.3; P = .03) through day 45 (difference, -4.1; 95% CI, -6.7 to -1.4; P = .003). Sustained differences at day 15 favoring zuranolone were observed in HAMD-17 response (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.34-5.16; P = .005), HAMD-17 score remission (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.24-5.17; P = .01), change from baseline for Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score (difference, -4.6; 95% CI, -8.3 to -0.8; P = .02), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety score (difference, -3.9; 95% CI, -6.7 to -1.1; P = .006). One patient per group experienced a serious adverse event (confusional state in the zuranolone group and pancreatitis in the placebo group). One patient in the zuranolone group discontinued because of an adverse event vs none for placebo. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, zuranolone improved the core symptoms of depression as measured by HAMD-17 scores in women with PPD and was generally well tolerated, supporting further development of zuranolone in the treatment of PPD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02978326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Deligiannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Sigui Li
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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31
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of the prevalence and cause of postpartum depression in women and postnatal depression among their male partners, as well as a review of related symptoms, risk factors, and effects on children. Evidence-based screening tools, management options, and resources for patients and providers are also presented.
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32
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Katch LE, Burkhardt T. Development and validation of the infant crying and parent well-being screening tool. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1579-1597. [PMID: 34033694 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of the infant crying and parent well-being (ICPW) screening tool, developed to provide an effective and efficient way of identifying families struggling with infant crying and soothing. Construct validity for the ICPW was assessed using survey data from 290 parents of infants. Scores on the ICPW were associated with parental depression, parenting stress, and low co-parent confidence. Parents with positive ICPW screens-indicating additional support is needed-were more likely to have high or clinical levels of parenting stress than parents with negative screens. Inconsolable and excessive infant crying negatively impacts the well-being of parents, and most importantly, is the primary trigger for infant abuse. The ICPW is a unique, efficient tool that allows providers to screen for families who may need additional support around infant crying and soothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Katch
- Early Childhood Education, National Louis University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Garfield CF, Lee YS, Warner-Shifflett L, Christie R, Jackson KL, Miller E. Maternal and Paternal Depression Symptoms During NICU Stay and Transition Home. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2020-042747. [PMID: 34341101 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-042747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the trajectory and risk factors of depression symptoms among parents from NICU admission to 30 days postdischarge. We hypothesized depression symptom scores would decrease from admission and then increase from discharge to 30 days. METHODS Prospective longitudinal cohort study of premature infants in NICU. Parents completed the validated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 4 time points: NICU admission, discharge, and 14 days and 30 days postdischarge. EPDS score change across time and probability of a positive screen (EPDS ≥10) were by assessed using mixed effect regression models. RESULTS Of 431 parents enrolled (mothers, n = 230 [53%]), 33% of mothers (n = 57) and 17% of fathers (n = 21) had a positive EPDS screening. Score change was 1.9 points different between mothers and fathers (confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-2.6; P < .0001), with mothers decreasing 2.9 points (CI: 2.1-3.7; P < .0001) and fathers decreasing 1.0 points (CI: 0.1-2.0; P = .04). Over time, mothers decreased 10.96 times (CI: 2.99-38.20; P = .0003); fathers decreased at a nonsignificant rate. Admission or discharge screening improved 30-day depressive symptom prediction (AUC 0.66 baseline demographics only versus 0.84+initial [P < .0001], and versus 0.80+discharge screening [P < .001]). CONCLUSIONS Mothers and fathers experience different depressive symptom trajectories from NICU to home. Screening parents for postpartum depression during the NICU stay is likely to result in improved identification of parents at risk for postpartum depression after discharge. Focused attention on fathers appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F Garfield
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois .,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Young S Lee
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Rebecca Christie
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn L Jackson
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily Miller
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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ÜNVER H, UÇAR T. İlk kez baba olanlarda doğum sonu depresyon ve psikososyal belirleyicileri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.840392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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35
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Iyengar U, Jaiprakash B, Haitsuka H, Kim S. One Year Into the Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Mental Health Outcomes During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:674194. [PMID: 34248710 PMCID: PMC8264436 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstetric guidelines have rapidly evolved to incorporate new data and research on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with data on perinatal mental health building over the last year. Our aim in the present manuscript is to provide a systematic review of mental health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of neonatal and obstetric guidelines addressing symptoms and complications of COVID-19 during pregnancy, mother-to-neonate transmission, Cesarean-section delivery, neonatal prematurity, maternal/neonate mortalities, maternal-neonatal separation, and breastfeeding. We summarize data from 81 mental health studies of pregnant and postpartum women and underscore protective and risk factors identified for perinatal mental health outcomes amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Data reviewed here suggest increased psychological symptoms, especially depressive and anxiety symptoms, in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19. Our systematic review integrates the most current obstetric and neonate guidelines, along with perinatal mental health outcomes associated with COVID-19, highlighting the best available data for the care of women and their neonates amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Iyengar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavisha Jaiprakash
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanako Haitsuka
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sohye Kim
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Pedersen SC, Maindal HT, Ryom K. "I Wanted to Be There as a Father, but I Couldn't": A Qualitative Study of Fathers' Experiences of Postpartum Depression and Their Help-Seeking Behavior. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211024375. [PMID: 34116610 PMCID: PMC8202277 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211024375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common mental health problems among new parents. Past studies have examined PPD in women; however, the condition is less understood in men. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of men or fathers with PPD and to understand the barriers and facilitators of help-seeking among fathers with PPD. Eight fathers with PPD were interviewed and data were subsequently analyzed through interpretative phenomenological analysis. The fathers perceived fatherhood as an overwhelming experience and feelings of inadequacy and powerlessness were two of the main themes in the fathers' experiences of PPD. The feeling of inadequacy and powerlessness was related to the fathers' expectations for themselves and their role as a father. The fathers' sense of inadequacy and powerlessness sometimes turned into anger and frustrations. In addition, the fathers experienced a variety of contributing stressors around the birth of their child. Further, the analysis revealed how the fathers' help-seeking behavior was influenced by five contributing factors: recognition and perception of depressive symptoms; knowledge and beliefs about PPD; taboo, stigma and conforming to masculine norms; the fathers' partner; screening and perinatal healthcare services. Paternal PPD has a significant impact on the fathers' wellbeing and everyday lives. Findings indicate that parents-to-be may benefit from education on paternal PDD, and they highlight the importance of screening for paternal PPD and support tailored to the needs of fathers with signs of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Christine Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Health Promotion and Population Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Helle Terkildsen Maindal
- Department of Public Health, Section for Health Promotion and Population Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Health Promotion, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Section for Health Promotion and Population Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Bieleninik Ł, Lutkiewicz K, Jurek P, Bidzan M. Paternal Postpartum Bonding and Its Predictors in the Early Postpartum Period: Cross-Sectional Study in a Polish Cohort. Front Psychol 2021; 12:628650. [PMID: 33897536 PMCID: PMC8062924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Parental postpartum bonding has been studied by many researchers focusing on maternal bonding. The objective of this study was to examine the psychological and socio-demographic predictors of paternal postpartum bonding in the early postpartum period. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 131 couples (fathers median age of 32.37 years, SD = 4.59; mothers median age of 30.23 years, SD = 3.90) of newborns from full-term pregnancies were recruited from November 2019 until March 2020. The primary outcome was paternal postpartum bonding as measured by the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Secondary outcomes included: maternal and paternal anxiety [with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Assessment]; maternal and paternal stress [with the Parental Stress Scale (PSS)]; maternal depressive symptoms [with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)]; and maternal and paternal socio-demographic variables as fathers' presence at childbirth, education level, age, and parental experience. Results: Paternal postpartum bonding was significantly correlated with paternal anxiety (moderate strength), maternal stress (strong correlation), and maternal postpartum bonding. No significant correlations between paternal postpartum bonding, maternal depression symptoms, and maternal anxiety were found. The mediating role of paternal stress in paternal postpartum bonding was proven. Paternal anxiety strengthens paternal stress (b = 0.98). Further, a high level of paternal stress disrupts paternal postpartum bonding (b = 0.41). Results of regression analyses have revelated that maternal infant bonding (p < 0.01) and paternal stress (p < 0.01) are the only predictors of parental postpartum bonding across all included variables. None of investigated socio-demographic variables were associated with paternal postpartum bonding. Conclusion: Notwithstanding limitations, the current findings add to a growing body of literature on paternal postpartum bonding. The results have shown that paternal mental health is related to parental postpartum bonding directly after delivery. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04118751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łucja Bieleninik
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- GAMUT-The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karolina Lutkiewicz
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Jurek
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariola Bidzan
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Rizzo I, Watsford C. The relationship between disconfirmed expectations of motherhood, depression, and mother–infant attachment in the postnatal period. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare Watsford
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia,
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Ansari NS, Shah J, Dennis CL, Shah PS. Risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms among fathers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1186-1199. [PMID: 33539548 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transition to parenthood is a major life change that may affect the mental well-being of both mothers and fathers and place them at an increased risk for depression. The objective of our study was to systematically review the literature and identify factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms in fathers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and CINAHL to identify studies published until March 2020. Studies that reported factors associated with depression among fathers were included. The data from these studies were extracted independently by two authors with disagreements resolved by a third author and consensus. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association between the risk factor and the primary outcome: depression within the first 12 months following childbirth among fathers diagnosed using any method. Summary estimates were calculated using a random effects model. The associations between the risk factors and depressive symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS The search identified 1040 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 62 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 25 studies involving 13 972 fathers were included in the systematic review. Fathers with a prior mental health illness episode had higher odds of developing depressive symptoms than those with no mental health history (eight studies, n = 3515, pooled OR 6.77, 95% CI 5.07-9.04; I2 = 0%). Other significant risk factors included relationship dissatisfaction (eight studies, n = 6924, pooled OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.29-1.81; I2 = 93%), maternal depression (seven studies, n = 6661, pooled OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.27-2.17; I2 = 88%), financial instability (five studies, n = 3052, pooled OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.44-3.48; I2 = 74%), paternal unemployment (three studies, n = 1505, pooled OR 6.61, 95% CI 1.94-22.54; I2 = 59%), low education level (two studies, n = 1697, pooled OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.06-11.97; I2 = 88%), and perceived stress (two studies, n = 692, pooled OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11; I2 = 5%). Lack of support and low parenting self-efficacy were also associated with paternal postpartum depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A history of paternal mental illness, maternal depression, and diverse psychosocial factors were associated with depressive symptoms among fathers postnatally. These findings can guide the development of family-level interventions for early identification and treatment and social media campaigns to promote help-seeking behaviors and engagement in preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmus Sehr Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jyotsna Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Siew J, Iles J, Domoney J, Bristow F, Darwin ZJ, Sethna V. The Applicability and Performance of Tools Used to Assess the Father-Offspring Relationship in Relation to Parental Psychopathology and Offspring Outcomes. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:596857. [PMID: 33479563 PMCID: PMC7814871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.596857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Father-infant interactions are important for optimal offspring outcomes. Moreover, paternal perinatal psychopathology is associated with psychological and developmental disturbances in the offspring, and this risk may increase when both parents are unwell. While, the father-offspring relationship is a plausible mechanism of risk transmission, there is presently no "gold standard" tool for assessing the father-offspring relationship. Therefore, we systematically searched and reviewed the application and performance of tools used to assess the father-offspring relationship from pregnancy to 24-months postnatal. Methods: Four electronic databases (including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care Database, and CINAHL) were searched. Selected articles included evidence of father-offspring relationship assessment in relation to parental perinatal psychopathology and/or offspring outcomes. Data was extracted and synthesized according to the following: (i) evidence supporting the performance of tools in terms of their psychometric properties when applied in the context of fathers, (ii) tool specific characteristics, and (iii) study specific methodological aspects in which the tool was embedded. Results: Of the 30,500 records eligible for screening, 38 unique tools used to assess the father-offspring relationship were identified, from 61 studies. Ten tools were employed in the context of paternal psychopathology, three in the context of maternal psychopathology, and seven in the context of both maternal and paternal psychopathology, while nine tools were applied in the context of offspring outcomes only. The remaining nine tools were used in the context of both parental psychopathology (i.e., paternal, and/or maternal psychopathology) and offspring outcomes. Evidence supporting the psychometric robustness of the extracted observational, self-report and interview-based tools was generally limited. Most tools were originally developed in maternal samples-with few tools demonstrating evidence of content validation specific to fathers. Furthermore, various elements influencing tool performance were recognized-including variation in tool characteristics (e.g., relationship dimensions assessed, assessment mode, and scoring formats) and study specific methodological aspects, (e.g., setting and study design, sample characteristics, timing and nature of parental psychopathology, and offspring outcomes). Conclusion: Given the strengths and limitations of each mode of assessment, future studies may benefit from a multimethod approach to assessing the father-offspring relationship, which may provide a more accurate assessment than one method alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Siew
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Iles
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Domoney
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Bristow
- Perinatal Services for Croydon, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe J. Darwin
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Vaheshta Sethna
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Screening for Early Signs of Paternal Perinatal Affective Disorder in Expectant Fathers: A Cluster Analysis Approach. J Pers Med 2020; 11:jpm11010010. [PMID: 33374704 PMCID: PMC7822454 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies documented gender-related differences in the expression of Perinatal Affective Disorders. However, little attention has been paid to screening the male population during the perinatal period. This study was based on three aims: (1) to investigate the mental health of expectant fathers based on their levels of depression, anxiety, addiction, anger attacks/hostility, and somatization, identifying psychological profiles; (2) to analyze the association between these profiles and the individual variable of perceived stress; (3) and to examine the association between these profiles and the couple’s variable of marital adjustment. A total of 350 Italian expectant fathers in the last trimester of pregnancy were asked to fill in questionnaires concerning perceived stress, dyadic adjustment, psychiatric symptomatology, and depression. Three different clusters were found: “psychologically healthy men” (68%) with low levels of symptoms on all the scales; “men at risk of externalized behavioral problems” (17.1%), characterized by one or more addictive or risky behaviors and moderate levels of scales scores; and “men experiencing psychological distress” (14.9%), with the highest scores on all the scales. A significant association emerged among the perceived stress, marital adjustment, and cluster membership. These results highlight the importance of screening fathers in perinatal health services, which are still predominantly mother-centered, and underscore the necessity to create tailored and personalized interventions.
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Hesse Tyson C, O'Connor J, Sheehan JD. No space for mother's mind: A psychoanalytically oriented qualitative study of the experiences of women with a diagnosis of postnatal depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aps.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John O'Connor
- School of Psychology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Seymour M, Dunning M, Cooklin A, Giallo R. Socioecological factors associated with fathers' well‐being difficulties in the early parenting period. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Cooklin
- Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
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Pilkington PD, Whelan TA, Milne LC. A review of partner‐inclusive interventions for preventing postnatal depression and anxiety. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D. Pilkington
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Thomas A. Whelan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Lisa C. Milne
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia,
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Giallo R, Cooklin A, Zerman N, Vittorino R. Psychological distress of fathers attending an Australian early parenting service for early parenting difficulties. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9552.2012.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikki Zerman
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renzo Vittorino
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Seymour M, Peace R, Wood CE, Jillard C, Evans K, O'Brien J, Williams LA, Brown S, Giallo R. "We're in the background": Facilitators and barriers to fathers' engagement and participation in a health intervention during the early parenting period. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32 Suppl 2:78-86. [PMID: 33051918 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED Little is known about the barriers and facilitators associated with engaging fathers in interventions targeting their physical and mental health. The current research therefore aimed to explore fathers' perceived barriers and facilitators to engagement and participation in a health intervention delivered during the early parenting period. METHODS Eleven fathers of young children (0-4 years) were interviewed about their perceptions and experiences of facilitators and barriers to engaging and participating in an intervention (Working Out Dads) to target their mental and physical health. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Fathers identified a number of program-related and father-related facilitators and barriers which impacted their engagement and participation. Program-related facilitators included: accessibility of the program; father advocacy of the program; group fitness/exercise component; and having a father-specific program. Facilitating factors related to fathers included: making social connections; learning how to be a better dad/partner; and partner support and encouragement to attend. Program-related barriers included: travel; lack of awareness; and gender roles. While father-related barriers included: being time poor; sacrifices to family; and apprehension. CONCLUSIONS The current findings identified many areas that facilitate, encourage and motivate men to participate in interventions which support their mental and physical health during the early parenting period. RELEVANCE Generating evidence on barriers and facilitators to health interventions is important to improving the current intervention along with informing the development of engaging and targeted health interventions for fathers in early parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Seymour
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Peace
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine E Wood
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Jillard
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsty Evans
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Services, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacquie O'Brien
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Services, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Le Ann Williams
- Tweddle Child and Family Health Services, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Giallo
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A significant number of men suffer from paternal postpartum depression (PPPD). This is detrimental to family and personal well-being. This study aims to report rates of PPPD in first-time fathers in New Zealand. It also aims to find predictors of PPPD. METHODS Data from 116 men were analysed. Men completed questionnaires at 24 weeks gestation, 36 weeks gestation, post-birth and 6 months after the baby was born. The outcome of interest was scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale 6 months after the baby was born. RESULTS Twelve percent of the participants met criteria for PPPD. Factors that predicted PPPD were: earlier depression, family life satisfaction, expectations, birth interventions, pain management for their partner and pregnancy anxiety. CONCLUSIONS It is important that PPPD is recognised and treated. More research is needed on the mental health of fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Howarth
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Nicola R Swain
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
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48
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Forte Camarneiro AP, de Miranda Justo JMR. Emotional states and psychopathological symptoms in couples during pregnancy and post-partum. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2020; 40:384-398. [PMID: 32877260 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1814226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Comparing depression, anxiety, stress and psychopathological symptomatology in: pregnancy vs. post-partum in men and in women, marital partners' (men vs. women) in pregnancy and in post-partum. BACKGROUND During perinatal period, couples undergo emotional changes and psychopathological symptoms. METHODS Descriptive-correlational-longitudinal study. Participants: Couples (n = 67; men and women = 134) interviewed in pregnancy and at 8 months post-partum. Women are younger and more educated than men. For 65.7% of couples, this was the first pregnancy. INSTRUMENTS Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire; Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-42; Brief Symptoms Inventory. RESULTS In pregnancy, women's scores were significantly higher than men's in anxiety and somatization. In post-natal period, women presented significantly higher scores in somatization. Between pre- and post-natal periods, women's scores (stress, obsessions-compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, global severity index, positive symptoms distress index) rose significantly. Men's positive symptoms distress index rose significantly. CONCLUSIONS In pregnancy, women show less stress and less psychopathological symptoms than in post-natal period. During pregnancy women are more anxious and somatise more than men. After birth, they keep somatising more. Also, in perinatal period, women's changes are more salient. The association of conjugality and motherhood-fatherhood development should be deepened in future investigation.
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Nakamura A, Sutter-Dallay AL, El-Khoury Lesueur F, Thierry X, Gressier F, Melchior M, van der Waerden J. Informal and formal social support during pregnancy and joint maternal and paternal postnatal depression: Data from the French representative ELFE cohort study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66:431-441. [PMID: 32306806 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020911409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient social support has been intensively studied as a risk factor of postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers. However, to date, no study has examined the role of informal and formal dimensions of social support during pregnancy with regard to joint maternal and paternal depression after birth. AIM Study associations between insufficient informal and formal support during pregnancy and joint parental PPD. METHODS Using data from the nationally representative French ELFE (Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance) cohort study (N = 12,350), we estimated associations between insufficient informal and formal support received by the mother during pregnancy and joint parental PPD in multi-imputed multivariate multinomial regression models. RESULTS In 166 couples (1.3%), both parents were depressed. The likelihood of joint parental PPD was increased in case of insufficient informal support (insufficient partner support: odds ratio (OR) = 1.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57-1.80); frequent quarrels: OR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.19-1.60)). We also observed associations between formal support during pregnancy and joint parental PPD (early prenatal psychosocial risk assessment: OR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.22); antenatal education: OR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.23)), which disappeared when analyses were restricted to women with no psychological difficulties during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Insufficient informal social support during pregnancy appears to predict risk of joint PPD in mothers and fathers and should be identified early on to limit complications and the impact on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Nakamura
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d' Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), Réseau Doctoral en Santé Publique, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Laure Sutter-Dallay
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles-Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d' Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
| | - Xavier Thierry
- UMS ELFE Team, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques (INED), Paris, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- CESP, INSERM UMR-1178, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d' Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
- French Collaborative Institute on Migration (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d' Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Paris, France
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Terrone G, Mangialavori S, Lanza di Scalea G, Cantiano A, Temporin G, Ducci G, Gori A, Cacioppo M, Schimmenti A, Caretti V. The relationship between dyadic adjustment and psychiatric symptomatology in expectant couples: An actor-partner interdependency model approach. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:468-475. [PMID: 32560942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many researchers who evaluated psychological distress during the transition to parenthood agree in identifying pregnancy as the most sensitive period for the onset of psychiatric symptomatology for both parents. Furthermore, research highlights a correlation between symptoms experienced by fathers in relation to those experienced by mothers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether dyadic functioning influences the level of psychiatric symptomatology in couples expecting their first child. Participants were 137 couples expecting their first child; they were recruited at the San Filippo Neri and the Santo Spirito hospitals in Rome (ASLROMA1). We used an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to test the interdependence of both partners and the effect of dyadic relationships on psychiatric symptoms in the couple. RESULTS The overall test of distinguishability yielded a chi square value of 122.167 (23 df; p < .001). The actor-partner interdependence model showed significant paths between couple coping and psychiatric symptomatology. Specifically, we found that the quality of couple coping perceived by the mother negatively predicted maternal psychiatric symptomatology, and the quality of couple coping perceived by the father negatively predicted paternal psychiatric symptomatology. Furthermore, the quality of couple coping perceived by the father negatively predicted maternal psychiatric symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm that dyadic adjustment is an important element for the development of effective interpersonal relationships. These data highlight the importance of promoting psycho-educational and clinical courses and programs for the development of social support with future parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Terrone
- Department of Humanities, Literature, and Cultural Heritage, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Arianna Cantiano
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Cacioppo
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Caretti
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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