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Loh KP, Wang Y, Sanapala C, Gilmore N, Netherby-Winslow C, Mendler JH, Liesveld J, Huselton E, Williams AM, Klepin HD, Jensen-Battaglia M, Mustian K, Vertino P, Susiarjo M, Janelsins MC. Exercise and inflammatory cytokine regulation among older adults with myeloid malignancies. Exp Gerontol 2024; 187:112364. [PMID: 38266886 PMCID: PMC10923152 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is a major regulator of inflammation. However, the epigenetic regulation of TNFα in the context of an exercise intervention among older adults with cancer is understudied. In this exploratory analysis, we used data from a single-arm mobile health (mHealth) exercise intervention among older adults with myeloid malignancies to 1) assess changes in TNFα promoter methylation, TNFα mRNA expression, serum TNFα and other related-cytokine levels after intervention; and 2) assess correlations between blood markers and exercise levels. Twenty patients were included. From baseline to post-intervention, there was no statistical changes in TNFα promoter methylation status at seven CpG sites, TNFα mRNA expression, and serum TNFα levels. Effect sizes, however, were moderate to large for several CpG sites (-120, -147, -162, and -164; Cohen's d = 0.44-0.75). Median serum TNFα sR1 levels increased (83.63, IQR 130.58, p = 0.06; Cohen's d = 0.18) but not the other cytokines. Increases in average daily steps were correlated with increases in TNFα promoter methylation at CpG sites -147 (r = 0.48; p = 0.06) and -164 (r = 0.51; p = 0.04). Resistance training minutes were negatively correlated with TNFα promoter methylation at CpG site -120 (r = -0.62; p = 0.02). All effect sizes were moderate to large. In conclusion, after a mHealth exercise intervention, we demonstrated changes with moderate to large effect sizes in several CpG sites in the TNFα promoter region. Exercise levels were correlated with increases in TNFα promoter methylation. Larger exercise trials are needed to better evaluate TNFα regulation to inform interventions to augment TNFα regulation in order to improve outcomes in older adults with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Poh Loh
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | | | - Nikesha Gilmore
- Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Colleen Netherby-Winslow
- Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jason H Mendler
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jane Liesveld
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Eric Huselton
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - AnnaLynn M Williams
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Heidi D Klepin
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | | | - Karen Mustian
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Paula Vertino
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Michelle C Janelsins
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Pathak D, Sriram K. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Elicited by Occupational Injuries and Toxicants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032272. [PMID: 36768596 PMCID: PMC9917383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures lead to the development of neuroinflammation by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in the disruption of neuronal function leading to neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The entry of toxicants into the brain causes the subsequent activation of glial cells, a response known as 'reactive gliosis'. Reactive glial cells secrete a wide variety of signaling molecules in response to neuronal perturbations and thus play a crucial role in the progression and regulation of central nervous system (CNS) injury. In parallel, the roles of protein phosphorylation and cell signaling in eliciting neuroinflammation are evolving. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular underpinnings associated with toxicant- or occupational injury-mediated neuroinflammation, gliosis, and neurological outcomes. The activation of signaling molecules has biological significance, including the promotion or inhibition of disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of synergism or antagonism among intracellular signaling pathways remain elusive. This review highlights the research focusing on the direct interaction between the immune system and the toxicant- or occupational injury-induced gliosis. Specifically, the role of occupational injuries, e.g., trips, slips, and falls resulting in traumatic brain injury, and occupational toxicants, e.g., volatile organic compounds, metals, and nanoparticles/nanomaterials in the development of neuroinflammation and neurological or neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted. Further, this review recapitulates the recent advancement related to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms comprising protein phosphorylation and cell signaling, culminating in neuroinflammation.
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Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ, Noumi E, Hannachi S, Ashraf SA, Awadelkareem AM, Snoussi M, Badraoui R, Bardakci F, Sachidanandan M, Patel M, Patel M. Integrating Network Pharmacology Approaches to Decipher the Multi-Target Pharmacological Mechanism of Microbial Biosurfactants as Novel Green Antimicrobials against Listeriosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010005. [PMID: 36671206 PMCID: PMC9854906 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a serious food-borne pathogen that can cause listeriosis, an illness caused by eating food contaminated with this pathogen. Currently, the treatment or prevention of listeriosis is a global challenge due to the resistance of bacteria against multiple commonly used antibiotics, thus necessitating the development of novel green antimicrobials. Scientists are increasingly interested in microbial surfactants, commonly known as "biosurfactants", due to their antimicrobial properties and eco-friendly nature, which make them an ideal candidate to combat a variety of bacterial infections. Therefore, the present study was designed to use a network pharmacology approach to uncover the active biosurfactants and their potential targets, as well as the signaling pathway(s) involved in listeriosis treatment. In the framework of this study, 15 biosurfactants were screened out for subsequent studies. Among 546 putative targets of biosurfactants and 244 targets of disease, 37 targets were identified as potential targets for treatment of L. monocytogenes infection, and these 37 targets were significantly enriched in a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, which aims to identify those biological processes, cellular locations, and molecular functions that are impacted in the condition studied. The obtained results revealed several important biological processes, such as positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, protein kinase B signaling, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, ERBB signaling pathway, positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Several important KEGG pathways, such as the ERBBB signaling pathway, TH17 cell differentiation, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Yersinia infection, Shigellosis, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways, were identified. The protein-protein interaction analysis yielded 10 core targets (IL2, MAPK1, EGFR, PTPRC, TNF, ITGB1, IL1B, ERBB2, SRC, and mTOR). Molecular docking was used in the latter part of the study to verify the effectiveness of the active biosurfactants against the potential targets. Lastly, we found that a few highly active biosurfactants, namely lichenysin, iturin, surfactin, rhamnolipid, subtilisin, and polymyxin, had high binding affinities towards IL2, MAPK1, EGFR, PTPRC, TNF, ITGB1, IL1B, ERBB2, SRC, and mTOR, which may act as potential therapeutic targets for listeriosis. Overall, based on the integrated network pharmacology and docking analysis, we found that biosurfactants possess promising anti-listeriosis properties and explored the pharmacological mechanisms behind their effect, laying the groundwork for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Hannachi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medial Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medial Sciences, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manojkumar Sachidanandan
- Department of Oral Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mirav Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Correspondence:
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Tumor Necrosis Factor: What Is in a Name? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215270. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor was one of the first cytokines described in the literature as a soluble mediator of cytotoxicity to tumors. Over the years, more extensive research that tried to employ Tumor Necrosis Factor in cancer treatments showed nevertheless that it mainly functioned as a proinflammatory cytokine. However, this did not stop the search for the holy grail of cancer research: A cytokine that could act as a one-stop treatment for solid tumors and lymphomas. This review will summarize the long experimental history of Tumor Necrosis Factor that caused the initial observations of a tumor necrotizing cytokine that could serve as a potential cancer treatment and discuss the current state of research into this side of the activities of Tumor Necrosis Factor.
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Rauf A, Badoni H, Abu-Izneid T, Olatunde A, Rahman MM, Painuli S, Semwal P, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Neuroinflammatory Markers: Key Indicators in the Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103194. [PMID: 35630670 PMCID: PMC9146652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a protective response of the central nervous system (CNS), is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS is composed of neurons and glial cells consisting of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Entry of any foreign pathogen activates the glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) and overactivation of these cells triggers the release of various neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-10), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), among others. Various studies have shown the role of neuroinflammatory markers in the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These markers also trigger the formation of various other factors responsible for causing several neuronal diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemia, and several others. This comprehensive review aims to reveal the mechanism of neuroinflammatory markers (NMs), which could cause different neurodegenerative disorders. Important NMs may represent pathophysiologic processes leading to the generation of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, various molecular alterations related to neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. Identifying these NMs may assist in the early diagnosis and detection of therapeutic targets for treating various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Himani Badoni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun 248006, India;
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University for Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria;
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed To Be University), Dehradun 248002, India;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.)
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Fontana BC, Soares AM, Zuliani JP, Gonçalves GM. Role of Toll-like receptors in local effects in a model of experimental envenoming induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and by two phospholipases A2. Toxicon 2022; 214:145-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ye X, Song G, Huang S, Liang Q, Fang Y, Lian L, Zhu S. Caspase-1: A Promising Target for Preserving Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Acute Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:856372. [PMID: 35370546 PMCID: PMC8971909 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.856372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) acts as a physical and biochemical barrier that plays a fundamental role in regulating the blood-to-brain influx of endogenous and exogenous components and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). Acute stroke leads to BBB disruption, blood substances extravasation into the brain parenchyma, and the consequence of brain edema formation with neurological impairment afterward. Caspase-1, one of the evolutionary conserved families of cysteine proteases, which is upregulated in acute stroke, mainly mediates pyroptosis and compromises BBB integrity via lytic cellular death and inflammatory cytokines release. Nowadays, targeting caspase-1 has been proven to be effective in decreasing the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and in attenuating brain edema and secondary damages during acute stroke. However, the underlying interactions among caspase-1, BBB, and stroke still remain ill-defined. Hence, in this review, we are concerned about the roles of caspase-1 activation and its associated mechanisms in stroke-induced BBB damage, aiming at providing insights into the significance of caspase-1 inhibition on stroke treatment in the near future.
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Alghamdi SS, Suliman RS, Aljammaz NA, Kahtani KM, Aljatli DA, Albadrani GM. Natural Products as Novel Neuroprotective Agents; Computational Predictions of the Molecular Targets, ADME Properties, and Safety Profile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:549. [PMID: 35214883 PMCID: PMC8878483 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the most challenging public health issues. Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of NDs, little progress has been made in establishing effective treatments. Natural products may have enormous potential in preventing and treating NDs by targeting microglia; yet, there have been several clinical concerns about their usage, primarily due to a lack of scientific evidence for their efficacy, molecular targets, physicochemical properties, and safety. To solve this problem, the secondary bioactive metabolites derived from neuroprotective medicinal plants were identified and selected for computational predictions for anti-inflammatory activity, possible molecular targets, physicochemical properties, and safety evaluation using PASS online, Molinspiration, SwissADME, and ProTox-II, respectively. Most of the phytochemicals were active as anti-inflammatory agents as predicted using the PASS online webserver. Moreover, the molecular target predictions for some phytochemicals were similar to the reported experimental targets. Moreover, the phytochemicals that did not violate important physicochemical properties, including blood-brain barrier penetration, GI absorption, molecular weight, and lipophilicity, were selected for further safety evaluation. After screening 54 neuroprotective phytochemicals, our findings suggest that Aromatic-turmerone, Apocynin, and Matrine are the most promising compounds that could be considered when designing novel neuroprotective agents to treat neurodegenerative diseases via modulating microglial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saleh Alghamdi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Abdulaziz Aljammaz
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Khawla Mohammed Kahtani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dimah Abdulqader Aljatli
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
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The Immunomodulatory Effects of Phellodendri Cortex Polysaccharides on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3027708. [PMID: 34840584 PMCID: PMC8616698 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3027708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is a commonly used anticancer drug, and immunosuppression is one of the most common side effects. How to recover the immunological function is important for cyclophosphamide-treated patients. In the present study, Phellodendri Cortex polysaccharides (CPP) could enhance the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro. The immunoregulatory function of CPP was then investigated in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. In CPP-treated groups, mice were orally treated with CPP at doses of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 g/kg bodyweight from 1 to 11 d, respectively. The cyclophosphamide was administrated in CPP and cyclophosphamide groups from 12 to 14 d. In the cyclophosphamide and normal control groups, the mice received equal volume of saline from 1 to 14 d. The results showed that CPP (1 g/kg) could significantly increase the bodyweight of mice, even during cyclophosphamide treatment. The organ coefficients of the spleen and thymus were recovered by CPP treatment. CPP upregulated the contents of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in serum, which were downregulated by cyclophosphamide. The mRNA levels of these cytokines were also elevated by CPP treatment in the spleen. Cyclophosphamide upregulated the expressions of NF-κB p65, TLR4, and MyD88, suggesting that the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by cyclophosphamide. After CPP treatment, it was recovered to normal level. These results indicated that CPP alleviated the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.
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Weigelt CM, Fuchs H, Schönberger T, Stierstorfer B, Strobel B, Lamla T, Ciossek T, Bakker RA, Redemann NH. AAV-Mediated Expression of Human VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-6 Induces Retinal Pathology in Mice. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 34520511 PMCID: PMC8444492 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinopathies display complex pathologies, including vasculopathies, inflammation, and fibrosis, leading ultimately to visual impairment. However, animal models accurately reflecting these pathologies are lacking. In this study, we evaluate the suitability of using Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated long-term expression of cytokines to establish retinal pathology in the murine retina. Methods We administered recombinant, Müller-glia targeted AAV-ShH10 into the mouse vitreous to induce retinal expression of either human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A165, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or interleukin-6 (IL-6) and evaluated consequent effects by optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and histology. Results Intravitreal injection of AAVs resulted in rapid and stable expression of the transgenes within 1 to 6 weeks. Akin to the role of VEGF-A in wet age-related macular degeneration, expression of VEGF-A led to several vasculopathies in mice, including neovascularization and vascular leakage. In contrast, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IL-6 induced retinal inflammation, as indicated by microglial activation. Furthermore, the expression of TNF-α, but not of IL-6, induced immune cell infiltration into the vitreous as well as vasculitis, and subsequently induced the development of fibrosis and epiretinal membranes. Conclusions In summary, the long-term expression of human VEGF-A165, TNF-α, or IL-6 in the mouse eye induced specific pathologies within 6 weeks that mimic different aspects of human retinopathies. Translational Relevance AAV-mediated expression of human genes in mice is an attractive approach to provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms causing retinopathies and is easily adaptable to other genes and preclinical species supporting drug discovery for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Weigelt
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Holger Fuchs
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Benjamin Strobel
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lamla
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Thomas Ciossek
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Remko A Bakker
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Norbert H Redemann
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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Abstract
Tumor progression is profoundly influenced by interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the various non-neoplastic cells present, immune cells are critical players in tumor development and have thus emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. Malignant gliomas exhibit a unique immune landscape characterized by high numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Despite encouraging preclinical results, targeting TAMs has yielded limited clinical success as a strategy for slowing glioma progression. The slow translational progress of TAM-targeted therapies is due in part to an incomplete understanding of the factors driving TAM recruitment, differentiation, and polarization. Furthermore, the functions that TAMs adopt in gliomas remain largely unknown. Progress in addressing these gaps requires sophisticated culture platforms capable of capturing key cellular and physical TME features. This review summarizes the current understanding of TAMs in gliomas and highlights the utility of in vitro TME models for investigating TAM-cancer cell cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Akins
- University of California, Berkeley – University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- University of California, Berkeley – University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Chaudhary CL, Chaudhary P, Dahal S, Bae D, Nam TG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Inhibition of colitis by ring-modified analogues of 6-acetamido-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104130. [PMID: 32745758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
6-Aminopyridin-3-ol scaffold has shown an excellent anti-inflammatory bowel disease activity. Various analogues with the scaffold were synthesized in pursuit of the diversity of side chains tethering on the C(6)-position. Structure-activity relationship among the analogues was investigated to understand the effects of the side chains and their linkers on their anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, structural modification moved beyond side chains on the C(6)-position and reached to pyridine ring itself. It expedited us to synthesize diverse ring-modified analogues of a representative pyridine-3-ol, 6-acetamido-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol (9). In the evaluation of compounds on their inhibitory actions against TNF-α-induced adhesion of monocytic cells to colonic epithelial cells, an in vitro model mimicking colon inflammation, the effects of compounds 9, 17, and 19 were greater than tofacitinib, an orally available anti-colitis drug, and compound 17 showed the greatest activity. In addition, TNF-α-induced angiogenesis, which permits more inflammatory cell migration into inflamed tissues, was significantly blocked by compounds 17 and 19 in a concentration-dependent manner. In the comparison of in vivo therapeutic effects of compounds 9, 17, and 19 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, compound 17 was the most potent and efficacious, and compound 19 was better than compound 9 which showed a similar degree of inhibitory effect to tofacitinib. Taken together, it seems that either the trimethyl system or the hydroxyl group on the pyridinol ring is essential to the activity. This finding might become a new milestone in the development of pyridinol-based anti-inflammatory bowel disease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadan Dahal
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Körner H, Liu X. Susceptibility to Intracellular Infections: Contributions of TNF to Immune Defense. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1643. [PMID: 32760383 PMCID: PMC7374010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An interesting puzzle is the fact that an infection of a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-deficient host with pathogens such as bacteria or parasites that reside intracellularly inevitably ends fatally. Is this due to one specific role of TNF in the immune defense or are different functions responsible for this outcome? In this review we provide an update of the functions of TNF in the defense against the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Leishmania major. Furthermore, we discuss the role of TNF in the generation of proinflammatory macrophages in mouse models of infection and summarize briefly the potential consequences of anti-TNF treatment for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Translational Research Institute, Academy of Medical Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immunodrugs in Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Academy of Medical Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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14
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Mercogliano MF, Bruni S, Elizalde PV, Schillaci R. Tumor Necrosis Factor α Blockade: An Opportunity to Tackle Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:584. [PMID: 32391269 PMCID: PMC7189060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the principal cause of mortality by malignancy in women and represents a main problem for public health worldwide. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose expression is increased in a variety of cancers. In particular, in breast cancer it correlates with augmented tumor cell proliferation, higher malignancy grade, increased occurrence of metastasis and general poor prognosis for the patient. These characteristics highlight TNFα as an attractive therapeutic target, and consequently, the study of soluble and transmembrane TNFα effects and its receptors in breast cancer is an area of active research. In this review we summarize the recent findings on TNFα participation in luminal, HER2-positive and triple negative breast cancer progression and metastasis. Also, we describe TNFα role in immune response against tumors and in chemotherapy, hormone therapy, HER2-targeted therapy and anti-immune checkpoint therapy resistance in breast cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the use of TNFα blocking strategies as potential therapies and their clinical relevance for breast cancer. These TNFα blocking agents have long been used in the clinical setting to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. TNFα blockade can be achieved by monoclonal antibodies (such as infliximab, adalimumab, etc.), fusion proteins (etanercept) and dominant negative proteins (INB03). Here we address the different effects of each compound and also analyze the use of potential biomarkers in the selection of patients who would benefit from a combination of TNFα blocking agents with HER2-targeted treatments to prevent or overcome therapy resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Mercogliano
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica de Proteínas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Valansa A, Tietcheu Galani BR, Djamen Chuisseu PD, Tontsa Tsamo A, Ayissi Owona VB, Yanou Njintang N. Natural limonoids protect mice from alcohol-induced liver injury. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0271/jbcpp-2019-0271.xml. [PMID: 32267246 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is regarded as a global health problem with limited therapeutic options. Previous studies highlighted some anticancer, antiviral, and hepatoprotective activities of limonoids, but the effects of these compounds on ALD remain unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of some natural limonoids on ethanol-induced liver injury. Methods Thirty-five albino mice (Mus musculus) were administered with 40% ethanol in the presence or absence of the different limonoids [including three havanensin-type limonoids, TS1, TS3, Rubescin D isolated from an African medicinal plant, Trichilia rubescens Oliv. (Meliaceae), and one limonin], or silymarin at 50 mg/kg for 3 days. Thereafter, the effect of the most active compound was evaluated in a chronic model of ALD. For this purpose, 24 mice with each group consisting of six mice were administered orally with 40% ethanol and limonoid at different doses (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) for 28 days. Finally, biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), triglyceride (TG), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were quantified in liver homogenates. Results All tested limonoids significantly (p < 0.01) reduced ALT levels relative to the negative control in the acute model. However, in comparison to other limonoids, limonin at 50 and 75 mg/kg significantly reduced TG, MDA, and TNF-α levels (1.8-fold); alleviated leukocyte infiltration in liver tissue; significantly increased the activity of SOD; and decreased those of CAT better than silymarin used as a positive control at 50 mg/kg. Conclusions These data suggest that limonin possesses protective effects on long-term alcohol poisoning partially due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abacuc Valansa
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Borris Rosnay Tietcheu Galani
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Armelle Tontsa Tsamo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Vincent Brice Ayissi Owona
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nicolas Yanou Njintang
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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16
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Fan Z, Zhang Y, Zou F, Xu T, Pan P, Hu C, Su X. Serum adropin level is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:117-123. [PMID: 32253609 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adropin is a recently discovered peptide hormone that plays a vital role in metabolism and cardiovascular-cerebrovascular function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of circulating adropin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and further determine the relationship between serum adropin concentration and endothelial dysfunction in patients with OSAHS. METHODS Forty polysomnography-diagnosed patients with OSAHS and 21 age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the current study. Serum adropin level, endothelial function parameters including flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in all participants. RESULTS Serum adropin levels were significantly lower in patients with OSAHS compared to the control subjects. FMD was lower and serum ET-1 levels were higher in patients with OSAHS compared to control subjects. No significant difference was seen in serum NO levels between the two groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that serum adropin level was positively associated with FMD and negatively correlated with AHI. Additionally, serum adropin levels were lower in patients with OSAHS who had endothelial dysfunction compared with those patients without endothelial dysfunction. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC) for serum adropin in predicting endothelial dysfunction status in patients with OSAHS was 0.815 (95% CI 0.680-0.951, p = 0.001). The cutoff value of serum adropin level was less than 235.0 pg/mL, which provided the sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 75%, respectively, for the detection of endothelial dysfunction in patients with OSAHS. CONCLUSION Lower circulating adropin levels are closely associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with OSAHS. Circulating adropin level may serve as an early biomarker to predict the development of endothelial dysfunction before the emergence of clinical symptoms in patients with OSAHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital (Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital (Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fangfang Zou
- Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Tengjuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital (Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital (Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital (Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital (Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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17
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Sahley TL, Anderson DJ, Hammonds MD, Chandu K, Musiek FE. Evidence for a dynorphin-mediated inner ear immune/inflammatory response and glutamate-induced neural excitotoxicity: an updated analysis. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1421-1460. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00595.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic overstimulation (AOS) is defined as the stressful overexposure to high-intensity sounds. AOS is a precipitating factor that leads to a glutamate (GLU)-induced Type I auditory neural excitotoxicity and an activation of an immune/inflammatory/oxidative stress response within the inner ear, often resulting in cochlear hearing loss. The dendrites of the Type I auditory neural neurons that innervate the inner hair cells (IHCs), and respond to the IHC release of the excitatory neurotransmitter GLU, are themselves directly innervated by the dynorphin (DYN)-bearing axon terminals of the descending brain stem lateral olivocochlear (LOC) system. DYNs are known to increase GLU availability, potentiate GLU excitotoxicity, and induce superoxide production. DYNs also increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines by modulating immune/inflammatory signal transduction pathways. Evidence is provided supporting the possibility that the GLU-mediated Type I auditory neural dendritic swelling, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and cochlear hearing loss that follow AOS may be part of a brain stem-activated, DYN-mediated cascade of inflammatory events subsequent to a LOC release of DYNs into the cochlea. In support of a DYN-mediated cascade of events are established investigations linking DYNs to the immune/inflammatory/excitotoxic response in other neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. Sahley
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
- School of Health Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Karthik Chandu
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Frank E. Musiek
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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18
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Liang H, Sun Y, Gao A, Zhang N, Jia Y, Yang S, Na M, Liu H, Cheng X, Fang X, Ma W, Zhang X, Wang F. Ac-YVAD-cmk improves neurological function by inhibiting caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response in the intracerebral hemorrhage of rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105771. [PMID: 31352322 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is acknowledged as a serious clinical problem lacking effective treatments. And caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response happened during the progression of ICH. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk on ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microglia cells were isolated and activated by thrombin for 24 h. Then the transcript and protein expressions of NLRP3 and inflammatory factors were assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. Moreover, Ac-YVAD-cmk was injected into the ICH model. The mNSS and brain water content were tested at 24 h post-ICH. Finally, the pathological changes of microglia activation following ICH were discovered by the immunohistochemical and HE staining ways. RESULTS Ac-YVAD-cmk inhibited the activation of pro-caspase-1 and decreased brain edema, in association with decreasing activated microglia and the expression of inflammation-related factors at 24 h post-ICH. Consequently, Ac-YVAD-cmk reduced the release of mature IL-1β/IL-18 in perihematoma, improved the behavioral performance, and alleviated microglia in perihematoma region in ICH rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that caspase-1 could amplify the plural inflammatory responses in the ICH. Administration of Ac-YVAD-cmk has the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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19
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Does physical exercise influence in the development of neuroeschistosomiasis? Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:311-322. [PMID: 31377443 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroschistosomiasis is a severe form of presentation of schistosomiasis in which Schistosoma spp. affects the central nervous system. This is the first study performed to analyze whether there is any relationship between physical effort and the appearance of neuroschistosomiasis, through clinical, molecular and immunological evaluations. An experimental controlled study using 64 male Balb/c inbred mice divided into four groups according to presence or absence of S. mansoni infection and submitted to physical effort or resting was conducted. Thirteen weeks after exercise training, S. mansoni DNA was detected in the brain or spinal cord in about 30% of the infected animals moreover, only S. mansoni-positive samples showed positive labeling for S. mansoni antigens in the brain or spinal cord, with a striking reaction inside the microglia. However, the behavioral tests did not show any clinical symptoms of neuroschistosomiasis in animals submitted to physical effort or in resting. In animals with S. mansoni-positive DNA, immunohistochemical data revealed astrogliosis and microgliosis, elevated IL-10 levels and decreased TNF-α expression. This study demonstrated that isometric exercise does not promote neuroschistosomiasis, furthermore, ectopic forms of schistosomiasis in the central nervous system were largely asymptomatic and exhibited a Th2 immune response profile. More experimental studies are necessary in order to characterize the pathological process of experimental neuroschistosomiasis.
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Chen Q, Zhang KX, Li TY, Piao XM, Lian ML, An RB, Jiang J. Cardamine komarovii flower extract reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting MyD88/TRIF signaling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:461-468. [PMID: 31262458 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Cardamine komarovii flower (CKF) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We determined the effect of CKF methanolic extracts on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), and related protein expression levels of MyD88/TRIF signaling pathways in peritoneal macrophages (PMs). Nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 was analyzed by immunofluorescence. For the in vivo experiments, an ALI model was established to detect the number of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice. The pathological damage in lung tissues was evaluated through H&E staining. Our results showed that CKF can decrease the production of inflammatory mediators, such as NO and PGE2, by inhibiting their synthesis-related enzymes iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-induced PMs. In addition, CKF can downregulate the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 to inhibit the production of inflammatory factors. Mechanism studies indicated that CKF possesses a fine anti-inflammatory effect by regulating MyD88/TRIF dependent signaling pathways. Immunocytochemistry staining showed that the CKF extract attenuates the LPS-induced translocation of NF-kB p65 subunit in the nucleus from the cytoplasm. In vivo experiments revealed that the number of inflammatory cells and IL-1β in BALF of mice decrease after CKF treatment. Histopathological observation of lung tissues showed that CKF can remarkably improve alveolar clearance and infiltration of interstitial and alveolar cells after LPS stimulation. In conclusion, our results suggest that CKF inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the MyD88/TRIF signaling pathways, thereby protecting mice from LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Tai-Yuan Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xuan-Mei Piao
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei-Lan Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Ren-Bo An
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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Neuroprotection, Recovery of Function and Endogenous Neurogenesis in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Following Transplantation of Activated Adipose Tissue. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040329. [PMID: 30965679 PMCID: PMC6523261 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease, which leads to paralysis and is associated to substantially high costs for the individual and society. At present, no effective therapies are available. Here, the use of mechanically-activated lipoaspirate adipose tissue (MALS) in a murine experimental model of SCI is presented. Our results show that, following acute intraspinal MALS transplantation, there is an engraftment at injury site with the acute powerful inhibition of the posttraumatic inflammatory response, followed by a significant progressive improvement in recovery of function. This is accompanied by spinal cord tissue preservation at the lesion site with the promotion of endogenous neurogenesis as indicated by the significant increase of Nestin-positive cells in perilesional areas. Cells originated from MALS infiltrate profoundly the recipient cord, while the extra-dural fat transplant is gradually impoverished in stromal cells. Altogether, these novel results suggest the potential of MALS application in the promotion of recovery in SCI.
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22
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Toor D, Sharma N. T cell subsets: an integral component in pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease. Immunol Res 2019; 66:18-30. [PMID: 29170852 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a consequence of pharyngeal infection of group A streptococcal (GAS) infection. Carditis is the most common manifestation of ARF which occurs in 30-45% of the susceptible individuals. Overlooked ARF cases might further progress towards rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in susceptible individuals, which ultimately leads to permanent heart valve damage. Molecular mimicry between streptococcal antigens and human proteins is the most widely accepted theory to describe the pathogenesis of RHD. In the recent past, various subsets of T cells have been reported to play an imperative role in the pathogenesis of RHD. Alterations in various T cell subsets, viz. Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, and their signature cytokines influence the immune responses and are associated with pathogenesis of RHD. Association of other T cell subsets (Th3, Th9, Th22, and TFH) is not defined in context of RHD. Several investigations have confirmed the up-regulation of adhesion molecules and thus infiltration of T cells into the heart tissues. T cells secrete both Th type 1 and type 2 cytokines and these auto-reactive T cells play a key role in progression of heart valve damage. In this review, we are going to discuss about the role of T cell subsets and their corresponding cytokines in the pathogenesis of RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Toor
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Neha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
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Li X, Darby J, Lyons AB, Woods GM, Körner H. TNF May Negatively Regulate Phagocytosis of Devil Facial Tumour Disease Cells by Activated Macrophages. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:691-703. [PMID: 30663448 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1515222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Macrophage phagocytosis of pathogens and tumour cells is an important early event in protection against infectious disease and cancer. As tumour necrosis factor α (TNF) is an important cytokine in macrophage activation, we investigated the involvement of TNF in macrophage phagocytosis of tumour cells. Methods: We used Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) cancer cells as the target tumour cells. The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) population is threatened by the transmissible DFTD. Using DFTD cells provided the opportunity to determine if these cells can be phagocytosed and investigate requirement for TNF. As effector cells, bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), generated from C57BL/6 wild type (B6.WT) and C57BL/6 TNF-/- (B6.TNF-/-) mice were used. Phagocytosis of DFTD cells was investigated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results: DFTD cells were consistently phagocytosed by B6.WT and B6.TNF-/- BMDMs with similar efficiency in vitro. Consequently the DFTD cells are not resistant to phagocytosis. Following activation by exposure to IFNγ and LPS or LPS alone, B6.TNF-/- BMDMs had higher phagocytic efficiency and lower nitric oxide (NO) production compared to wild-type controls. In addition, NO seems to be unlikely to be the involved in phagocytosis efficiency in IFNγ and LPS activated B6.TNF-/- macrophages and consequences thereof. Conclusion: Our results indicate that TNF is not required for IFNγ and LPS or LPS alone activation of macrophage phagocytosis. TNF may negatively regulate macrophage phagocytosis of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia.,School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Jocelyn Darby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia.,School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia.,School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Centre of Anti-inflammatory and Immunodrugs in Anhui Province, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui , People's Republic of China
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Chemotherapy and Inflammatory Cytokine Signalling in Cancer Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:173-215. [PMID: 31456184 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the result of a cell's acquisition of a variety of biological capabilities or 'hallmarks' as outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg. These include sustained proliferative signalling, the ability to evade growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and the ability to invade other tissue and metastasize. More recently, the ability to escape immune destruction has been recognized as another important hallmark of tumours. It is suggested that genome instability and inflammation accelerates the acquisition of a variety of the above hallmarks. Inflammation, is a product of the body's response to tissue damage or pathogen invasion. It is required for tissue repair and host defense, but prolonged inflammation can often be the cause for disease. In a cancer patient, it is often unclear whether inflammation plays a protective or deleterious role in disease progression. Chemotherapy drugs can suppress tumour growth but also induce pathways in tumour cells that have been shown experimentally to support tumour progression or, in other cases, encourage an anti-tumour immune response. Thus, with the goal of better understanding the context under which each of these possible outcomes occurs, recent progress exploring chemotherapy-induced inflammatory cytokine production and the effects of cytokines on drug efficacy in the tumour microenvironment will be reviewed. The implications of chemotherapy on host and tumour cytokine pathways and their effect on the treatment of cancer patients will also be discussed.
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Carelli S, Giallongo T, Gombalova Z, Rey F, Gorio MCF, Mazza M, Di Giulio AM. Counteracting neuroinflammation in experimental Parkinson's disease favors recovery of function: effects of Er-NPCs administration. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:333. [PMID: 30501635 PMCID: PMC6271641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, presenting with midbrain dopaminergic neurons degeneration. A number of studies suggest that microglial activation may have a role in PD. It has emerged that inflammation-derived oxidative stress and cytokine-dependent toxicity may contribute to nigrostriatal pathway degeneration and exacerbate the progression of the disease in patients with idiopathic PD. Cell therapies have long been considered a feasible regenerative approach to compensate for the loss of specific cell populations such as the one that occurs in PD. We recently demonstrated that erythropoietin-releasing neural precursors cells (Er-NPCs) administered to MPTP-intoxicated animals survive after transplantation in the recipient's damaged brain, differentiate, and rescue degenerating striatal dopaminergic neurons. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory actions of Er-NPCs infused in an MPTP experimental model of PD. METHODS The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was caused by MPTP administration in C57BL/6 male mice. 2.5 × 105 GFP-labeled Er-NPCs were administered by stereotaxic injection unilaterally in the left striatum. Functional recovery was assessed by two independent behavioral tests. Neuroinflammation was investigated measuring the mRNAs levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and immunohistochemistry studies were performed to evaluate markers of inflammation and the potential rescue of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) projections in the striatum of recipient mice. RESULTS Er-NPC administration promoted a rapid anti-inflammatory effect that was already evident 24 h after transplant with a decrease of pro-inflammatory and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression levels. This effect was maintained until the end of the observational period, 2 weeks post-transplant. Here, we show that Er-NPCs transplant reduces macrophage infiltration, directly counteracting the M1-like pro-inflammatory response of murine-activated microglia, which corresponds to the decrease of CD68 and CD86 markers, and induces M2-like pro-regeneration traits, as indicated by the increase of CD206 and IL-10 expression. Moreover, we also show that this activity is mediated by Er-NPCs-derived erythropoietin (EPO) since the co-injection of cells with anti-EPO antibodies neutralizes the anti-inflammatory effect of the Er-NPCs treatment. CONCLUSION This study shows the anti-inflammatory actions exerted by Er-NPCs, and we suggest that these cells may represent good candidates for cellular therapy to counteract neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana Carelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Zuzana Gombalova
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Federica Rey
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, FC Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Polo H. San Paolo, via A di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Asiaticoside counteracts the in vitro activation of microglia and astrocytes: Innuendo for multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:303-305. [PMID: 30098548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) there is a marked activation of microglia and astrocyte, leading to progressive inflammation and degeneration of myelin sheath which results in axonal loss and neuron damage. PURPOSE In this study, we have explored the action of Asiaticoside A against the activated microglia and astrocytes. METHODS Primary microglia and astrocyte cultures were used for the study and the activity were evaluated using cell proliferation assay, nitrate assay and TNFα estimation using ELISA. RESULTS Asiaticoside A inhibited the production of nitric oxide and TNFα in LPS activated primary microglia and astrocyte cultures. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Asiaticoside A may be effective against the progression of MS.
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Escobar GF, Abdalla DR, Beghini M, Gotti VB, Rodrigues Junior V, Napimoga MH, Ribeiro BM, Rodrigues DBR, Nogueira RD, Pereira SADL. Levels of Pro and Anti-inflammatory Citokynes and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Submitted to
Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1927-1933. [PMID: 30051674 PMCID: PMC6165634 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim to compare the levels of IFN-γ, TGF-β and C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy patients (HP) and chronic periodontitis patients (CP) before and seven days after the last session of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment (NSPT). Materials and Methods 40 subjects were divided into two groups: healthy (n= 20), and with chronic periodontitis (n = 20). Serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from each patient and quantified for IFN-γ, TGF-β and CRP using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results IFN-γ was found to be higher in the GCF of the CP group before NSPT in relation to the HP group (p<0.05), and it had significant higher levels after seven days of NSPT (p<0.05). The levels of TGF-β in the GCF of CP patients before NSPT were significantly higher when compared to HP (p<0.05), but they decreased after seven days of NSPT (p>0.05). Serum CRP levels did not show statistical difference between CP and HP before or after NSPT. Conclusion Therefore, our results demonstrated for the first time that NSPT causes early exacerbation of the immune response at the local level represented by increased levels of IFN-γ and decreased levels of TGF-β in the gingival crevicular fluid after seven days of treatment.
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Bozic J, Borovac JA, Galic T, Kurir TT, Supe-Domic D, Dogas Z. Adropin and Inflammation Biomarker Levels in Male Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Link With Glucose Metabolism and Sleep Parameters. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:1109-1118. [PMID: 29991422 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the study were to determine plasma adropin, systemic inflammation biomarker levels, and glucose metabolism parameters in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared to healthy controls. METHODS In this study, we included 50 male patients with OSA (25 moderate and 25 severe) and 25 age- and sex-matched control subjects. All subjects underwent fasting sampling of peripheral blood for laboratory analyses. RESULTS Adropin plasma levels were significantly lower in the severe OSA group in comparison with the moderate and control groups (4.50 ± 1.45 versus 6.55 ± 1.68 versus 8.15 ± 1.79 ng/mL, P < .001). Plasma biomarkers of systemic inflammation were significantly increased in patients with moderate OSA (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and severe OSA (IL-6, TNF-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) when compared with controls (P < .001). Adropin levels showed a significant negative correlation with IL-6 (r = -.419, P < .001), TNF-α (r = -.540, P < .001), fasting glucose (r = -.331, P = .004), hemoglobin A1c (r = -.438, P < .001), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (r = -.213, P = .046), and polysomnographic parameters including apnea-hypopnea index (r = -.615, P < .001) and oxygen desaturation index (r = -.573, P < .001). A multivariate regression analysis showed that plasma adropin remained as a significant negative predictor of severe OSA status, when adjusted for age and body mass index and computed along with other inflammatory biomarkers in the regression model (odds ratio 0.069, 95% confidence interval 0.009-0.517, P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Plasma adropin concentrations significantly correlate with indices of disease severity in patients with OSA, suggesting that adropin potentially plays an important role in the complex pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josip A Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Tea Galic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.,Study of Dental Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Daniela Supe-Domic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Zoran Dogas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.,Sleep Medicine Center, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.,University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
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Edwardson DW, Boudreau J, Mapletoft J, Lanner C, Kovala AT, Parissenti AM. Inflammatory cytokine production in tumor cells upon chemotherapy drug exposure or upon selection for drug resistance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183662. [PMID: 28915246 PMCID: PMC5600395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) has been shown to be released by tumor cells in response to docetaxel, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the latter through activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, it is unclear whether the former involves TLR4 receptor activation through direct binding of the drug to TLR4 at the cell surface. The current study was intended to better understand drug-induced TNF-α production in tumor cells, whether from short-term drug exposure or in cells selected for drug resistance. ELISAs were employed to measure cytokine release from breast and ovarian tumor cells in response to several structurally distinct chemotherapy agents and/or TLR4 agonists or antagonists. Drug uptake and drug sensitivity studies were also performed. We observed that several drugs induced TNF-αrelease from multiple tumor cell lines. Docetaxel-induced cytokine production was distinct from that of LPS in both MyD88-positive (MCF-7) and MyD88-deficient (A2780) cells. The acquisition of docetaxel resistance was accompanied by increased constitutive production of TNF-αand CXCL1, which waned at higher levels of resistance. In docetaxel-resistant MCF-7 and A2780 cell lines, the production of TNF-α could not be significantly augmented by docetaxel without the inhibition of P-gp, a transporter protein that promotes drug efflux from tumor cells. Pretreatment of tumor cells with LPS sensitized MyD88-positive cells (but not MyD88-deficient) to docetaxel cytotoxicity in both drug-naive and drug-resistant cells. Our findings suggest that taxane-induced inflammatory cytokine production from tumor cells depends on the duration of exposure, requires cellular drug-accumulation, and is distinct from the LPS response seen in breast tumor cells. Also, stimulation of the LPS-induced pathway may be an attractive target for treatment of drug-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W. Edwardson
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Boudreau
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Mapletoft
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carita Lanner
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Thomas Kovala
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amadeo M. Parissenti
- Ph.D. Program in Biomolecular Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of 2-benzylidene-2,3-dihydro-1 H -inden-1-one and benzofuran-3(2 H )-one derivatives as a novel class of potential therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Li X, Lyons AB, Woods GM, Körner H. The absence of TNF permits myeloid Arginase 1 expression in experimental L. monocytogenes infection. Immunobiology 2017; 222:913-917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ba H, Li B, Li X, Li C, Feng A, Zhu Y, Wang J, Li Z, Yin B. Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-α promotes the recruitment of MDSCs to tumor tissue by upregulating CXCR4 expression via TNFR2. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 44:143-152. [PMID: 28092866 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulated in tumor sites promote immune evasion. We found that TNFR deficiency-induced rejection of transplanted tumor was accompanied with markedly decreased accumulation of MDSCs. However, the mechanism(s) behind this phenomenon is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that TNFR deficiency did not affect the amount of MDSCs in bone marrow (BM), but decreased accumulation of Gr-1+CD11b+ MDSCs in the spleen and tumor tissues. The chemotaxis of Tnfr-/- MDSCs was prominently decreased in response to both tumor cell culture supernatants and tumor tissue homogenates from Tnfr-/- and wild-type mice, indicating an effect of TNFR signaling on chemokine receptor expression in MDSCs. We used real-time PCR to detect gene expression for several chemokine receptors in MDSCs from BM and found that CXCR4 was the most affected molecule at the transcriptional level in Tnfr-/- MDSCs. Neutralizing CXCR4 in wild-type MDSCs by a specific antibody blocked their chemotactic migration. Interestingly, it was tmTNF-α, but not sTNF-α, that induced CXCR4 expression in MDSCs. This effect of tmTNF-α was totally blocked in TNFR2-/- but not in TNFR1-/- MDSCs, and partially inhibited by PDTC or SB203580, an inhibitor of NF-κB or p38 MAPK pathway, respectively. Adoptive transfer of wild-type MDSCs restored MDSCs accumulation in tumors of Tnfr-/- mice, but this could be partially blocked by treatment with a CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100. Our data suggest that tmTNF-α upregulates CXCR4 expression that promotes chemotaxis of MDSCs to tumor, and give a new insight into a novel mechanism by which tmTNF-α facilitates tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Ba
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Baihua Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Hematology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Anlin Feng
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Zhuoya Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Bingjiao Yin
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Moderzynski K, Papp S, Rauch J, Heine L, Kuehl S, Richardt U, Fleischer B, Osterloh A. CD4+ T Cells Are as Protective as CD8+ T Cells against Rickettsia typhi Infection by Activating Macrophage Bactericidal Activity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005089. [PMID: 27875529 PMCID: PMC5119731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rickettsia typhi is an intracellular bacterium that causes endemic typhus, a febrile disease that can be fatal due to complications including pneumonia, hepatitis and meningoencephalitis, the latter being a regular outcome in T and B cell-deficient C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice upon Rickettsia typhi infection. Here, we show that CD4+ TH1 cells that are generated in C57BL/6 mice upon R. typhi infection are as protective as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. CD4+- as well as CD8+-deficient C57BL/6 survived the infection without showing symptoms of disease at any point in time. Moreover, adoptively transferred CD8+ and CD4+ immune T cells entered the CNS of C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice with advanced infection and both eradicated the bacteria. However, immune CD4+ T cells protected only approximately 60% of the animals from death. They induced the expression of iNOS in infiltrating macrophages as well as in resident microglia in the CNS which can contribute to bacterial killing but also accelerate pathology. In vitro immune CD4+ T cells inhibited bacterial growth in infected macrophages which was in part mediated by the release of IFNγ. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CD4+ T cells are as protective as CD8+ T cells against R. typhi, provided that CD4+ TH1 effector cells are present in time to support bactericidal activity of phagocytes via the release of IFNγ and other factors. With regard to vaccination against TG Rickettsiae, our findings suggest that the induction of CD4+ TH1 effector cells is sufficient for protection. Endemic typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi usually is a relatively mild disease. However, CNS inflammation and neurological symptoms are complications that can occur in severe cases. This outcome of disease is regularly observed in T and B cell-deficient C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice upon infection with R. typhi. We show here that CD4+ T cells are as protective as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells against R. typhi as long as they are present in time. This is evidenced by the fact that neither CD8+ nor CD4+ T cell-deficient C57BL/6 mice develop disease which is also true for R. typhi-infected C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice that receive immune CD8+ or CD4+ at an early point in time. Moreover, adoptive transfer of immune CD4+ T cells still protects approximately 60% of C57BL/6 RAG1-/- mice when applied later in advanced infection when the bacteria start to rise. Although CD8+ T cells are faster and more efficient in bacterial elimination, R. typhi is not detectable in CD4+ T cell recipients anymore. We further show that immune CD4+ T cells activate bactericidal functions of microglia and macrophages in the CNS in vivo and inhibit bacterial growth in infected macrophages in vitro which is in part mediated by the release of IFNγ. Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time that CD4+ T cells alone are sufficient to protect against R. typhi infection. With regard to vaccination our findings suggest that the induction of R. typhi-specific CD4+ TH1 effector T cells may be as effective as the much more difficult targeting of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Moderzynski
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Papp
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rauch
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liza Heine
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Kuehl
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulricke Richardt
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fleischer
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Osterloh
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Solmaz A, Gülçiçek OB, Erçetin C, Yiğitbaş H, Yavuz E, Arıcı S, Erzik C, Zengi O, Demirtürk P, Çelik A, Çelebi F. Nesfatin-1 alleviates extrahepatic cholestatic damage of liver in rats. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:247-253. [PMID: 27524109 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive jaundice (OJ) can be defined as cessation of bile flow into the small intestine due to benign or malignant changes. Nesfatin-1, recently discovered anorexigenic peptide derived from nucleobindin-2 in hypothalamic nuclei, was shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. This study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of nesfatin-1 on OJ in rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham (n = 8), control (n = 8), and nesfatin (n = 8). After bile duct ligation, the study groups were treated with saline or nesfatin-1, for 10 days. Afterward, blood and liver tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analyses, measurement of cytokines, determination of the oxidative DNA damage, DNA fragmentation, and histopathologic analyses. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were decreased after the nesfatin treatment; however, these drops were statistically non-significant compared to control group (p = 0.345, p = 0.114). Malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in nesfatin group compared to control group (p = 0.032). Decreases in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels from the liver tissue samples were not statistically significant in nesfatin group compared to control group. The level of oxidative DNA damage was lower in nesfatin group, however this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.75). DNA fragmentation results of all groups were similar. Histopathological examination revealed that there was less neutrophil infiltration, edema, bile duct proliferation, hepatocyte necrosis, basement membrane damage, and parenchymal necrosis in nesfatin compared to control group. The nesfatin-1 treatment could alleviate cholestatic liver damage caused by OJ due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Solmaz
- General Surgery Clinic, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralization has no direct effect on parasite burden, but causes impaired IFN-γ production by spleen cells from human visceral leishmaniasis patients. Cytokine 2016; 85:184-90. [PMID: 27372917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has an important role in control of experimental Leishmania donovani infection. Less is known about the role of TNF-α in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Evidence for a protective role is primarily based on case reports of VL development in individuals treated with TNF-α neutralizing antibody. In this study, we have evaluated how TNF-α neutralization affects parasite replication and cytokine production in ex vivo splenic aspirates (SA) from active VL patients. The effect of TNF-α neutralization on cell mediated antigen specific responses were also evaluated using whole blood cultures. Neutralization of TNF-α did not affect parasite numbers in SA cultures. Interferon (IFN)-γ levels were significantly reduced, but interleukin (IL)-10 levels were unchanged in these cultures. Leishmania antigen stimulated SA produced significant TNF-α which suggests that TNF-α is actively produced in VL spleen. Further it stimulates IFN-γ production, but no direct effect on parasite replication.
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Xiong H, Keith JW, Samilo DW, Carter RA, Leiner IM, Pamer EG. Innate Lymphocyte/Ly6C(hi) Monocyte Crosstalk Promotes Klebsiella Pneumoniae Clearance. Cell 2016; 165:679-89. [PMID: 27040495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has rendered some infections untreatable with available antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacterial pathogen that has acquired high-level antibiotic resistance, is a common cause of pulmonary infections. Optimal clearance of K. pneumoniae from the host lung requires TNF and IL-17A. Herein, we demonstrate that inflammatory monocytes are rapidly recruited to the lungs of K. pneumoniae-infected mice and produce TNF, which markedly increases the frequency of IL-17-producing innate lymphoid cells. While pulmonary clearance of K. pneumoniae is preserved in neutrophil-depleted mice, monocyte depletion or TNF deficiency impairs IL-17A-dependent resolution of pneumonia. Monocyte-mediated bacterial uptake and killing is enhanced by ILC production of IL-17A, indicating that innate lymphocytes engage in a positive-feedback loop with monocytes that promotes clearance of pneumonia. Innate immune defense against a highly antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogen depends on crosstalk between inflammatory monocytes and innate lymphocytes that is mediated by TNF and IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Xiong
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James W Keith
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dane W Samilo
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca A Carter
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ingrid M Leiner
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Clinical Microbiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Ronza P, Losada AP, Villamarín A, Bermúdez R, Quiroga MI. Immunolocalization of tumor necrosis factor alpha in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.) tissues. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:470-476. [PMID: 25957885 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine involved in a broad spectrum of cellular and organismal responses. Its main function, as a potent pro-inflammatory mediator, has been demonstrated in numerous teleost species and there are many reports on the modulation of TNFα gene expression under pathological conditions. Nevertheless, there is still scarce knowledge about the tissue distribution and type of cells that express this cytokine in fish species, which would help to further investigate its biological activities. These studies are hampered by the lack of molecular markers for teleost that hinder the development of morphological techniques, like immunohistochemistry. The aim of this work was to develop an immunohistochemical technique for the detection of TNFα in paraffin-embedded organs from healthy turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), an economically-important marine fish species. A commercial anti-human TNFα antibody, whose specificity was confirmed by western blot analysis, was used. Immunoreactive cells were observed in higher numbers in the lymphohematopoietic organs, kidney, spleen and thymus, although TNFα-positive cells were also present in the digestive tract, liver, heart, gills and skin. Similarly to non-fish species, monocytes/macrophages appeared to be the main producers of this cytokine; nevertheless, the presence of immunoreactive rodlet cells in different tissues was also reported. The nature and distribution of the labeled cells appeared to be related with a strategic localization for defense response to antigenic challenge. The relative abundance of TNFα-positive cells in the lymphohematopoietic organs also suggests that this cytokine may have a broader role in the normal physiology of those organs. The immunohistochemical technique allowed the in-situ characterization of TNFα expression, representing a valid tool to investigate the immune response of turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ronza
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ana Paula Losada
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Antonio Villamarín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Roberto Bermúdez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Quiroga
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
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Vieira AE, Repeke CE, Ferreira Junior SDB, Colavite PM, Biguetti CC, Oliveira RC, Assis GF, Taga R, Trombone APF, Garlet GP. Intramembranous bone healing process subsequent to tooth extraction in mice: micro-computed tomography, histomorphometric and molecular characterization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128021. [PMID: 26023920 PMCID: PMC4449187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue has a significant potential for healing, which involves a significant the interplay between bone and immune cells. While fracture healing represents a useful model to investigate endochondral bone healing, intramembranous bone healing models are yet to be developed and characterized. In this study, a micro-computed tomography, histomorphometric and molecular (RealTimePCRarray) characterization of post tooth-extraction alveolar bone healing was performed on C57Bl/6 WT mice. After the initial clot dominance (0h), the development of a provisional immature granulation tissue is evident (7d), characterized by marked cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammatory cells infiltration; associated with peaks of growth factors (BMP-2-4-7,TGFβ1,VEGFa), cytokines (TNFα, IL-10), chemokines & receptors (CXCL12, CCL25, CCR5, CXCR4), matrix (Col1a1-2, ITGA4, VTN, MMP1a) and MSCs (CD105, CD106, OCT4, NANOG, CD34, CD146) markers expression. Granulation tissue is sequentially replaced by more mature connective tissue (14d), characterized by inflammatory infiltrate reduction along the increased bone formation, marked expression of matrix remodeling enzymes (MMP-2-9), bone formation/maturation (RUNX2, ALP, DMP1, PHEX, SOST) markers, and chemokines & receptors associated with healing (CCL2, CCL17, CCR2). No evidences of cartilage cells or tissue were observed, strengthening the intramembranous nature of bone healing. Bone microarchitecture analysis supports the evolving healing, with total tissue and bone volumes as trabecular number and thickness showing a progressive increase over time. The extraction socket healing process is considered complete (21d) when the dental socket is filled by trabeculae bone with well-defined medullary canals; it being the expression of mature bone markers prevalent at this period. Our data confirms the intramembranous bone healing nature of the model used, revealing parallels between the gene expression profile and the histomorphometric events and the potential participation of MCSs and immune cells in the healing process, supporting the forthcoming application of the model for the better understanding of the bone healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Repeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rumio Taga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Different MOG35–55 concentrations induce distinguishable inflammation through early regulatory response by IL-10 and TGF-β in mice CNS despite unchanged clinical course. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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He L, Zhou X, Yin X, Tian L, Yang L, Fan K, Zhao D. Comparative study of the growth and survival of recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing Mce4A and Mce4E from Mycobacterium bovis. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 34:125-32. [PMID: 25536284 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is important for the growth and persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. The mce4 locus, which is conserved in both M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, is thought to be responsible for cholesterol transport into the bacteria. However, the exact roles of specific genes within the sophisticated mce4 system remain poorly understood. In this study, Mce4A and Mce4E of M. bovis, two proteins that are encoded by the mce4 locus, were expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The recombinant strain expressing the Mce4E protein (M. smeg::E) performed better than that expressing the Mce4A protein (M. smeg::A) in a minimal medium with and without glycerol or cholesterol, which may be the reason why M. smeg::E showed better survival in ANA-1 macrophages than did M. smeg::A. Cytokine expression profiles were similar in macrophages infected with either recombinant strain. We also investigated the role of CD36 in recognizing Mce4A and Mce4E proteins. However, CD36 did not appear to be specific for these proteins and showed little impact on the ultimate clearance of the recombinant strains. Reduced interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression at 6 h postinfection in macrophages infected with M. smeg::E was observed using a CD36-specific monocular antibody to block the receptor, whereas no obvious changes in the expression of these cytokines were observed in cells infected with M. smeg::A with or without exposure to the CD36 antibody. Conclusively, the different performances of the recombinant strains suggest that the Mce4A and Mce4E proteins enhance mycobacterial adaptation to the harsh environment within macrophages after phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu He
- 1 The State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis Ministry of Agriculture, National TSE Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Y, Zhang CW, Zhou WJ, Chen J, Luo NF, Gong LN, Du L, Zhou J. Is there a role of TNFR1 in acute lung injury cases associated with extracorporeal circulation? J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:281-8. [PMID: 24599692 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathway for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptors is up-regulated during extracorporeal circulation (ECC), and recruits blood neutrophil into the lung tissue, which results in acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we evaluated the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in ECC-induced ALI by blocking TNF-α binding to TNFR1 with CAY10500. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated intravenously with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or vehicle (0.3 ml ethanol IV) or CAY10500, and then underwent ECC for 2 h. The oxygenation index (OI) and pulmonary inflammation were assessed after ECC. OI was significantly decreased, while TNF-α and neutrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma TNF-α increased after ECC. Pretreatment of CAY10500 decreased plasma TNF-α level, but did not decrease TNF-α levels and neutrophil counts in BALF or improve OI. Lung histopathology showed significant alveolar congestion, infiltration of the leukocytes in the airspace, and increased thickness of the alveolar wall in all ECC-treated groups. CAY10500 pretreatment slightly reduced leukocyte infiltration in lungs, but did not change the wet/dry ratio in the lung tissue. Blocking TNF-α binding to TNFR1 by CAY10500 intravenously slightly mitigates pulmonary inflammation, but cannot improve the pulmonary function, indicating the limited role of TNFR1 pathway in circulating inflammatory cell in ECC-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tuttolomondo A, Pecoraro R, Pinto A. Studies of selective TNF inhibitors in the treatment of brain injury from stroke and trauma: a review of the evidence to date. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2221-38. [PMID: 25422582 PMCID: PMC4232043 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s67655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The brain is very actively involved in immune-inflammatory processes, and the response to several trigger factors such as trauma, hemorrhage, or ischemia causes the release of active inflammatory substances such as cytokines, which are the basis of second-level damage. During brain ischemia and after brain trauma, the intrinsic inflammatory mechanisms of the brain, as well as those of the blood, are mediated by leukocytes that communicate with each other through cytokines. A neuroinflammatory cascade has been reported to be activated after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and this cascade is due to the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Microglia are the first sources of this inflammatory cascade in the brain setting. Also in an ischemic stroke setting, an important mediator of this inflammatory reaction is tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which seems to be involved in every phase of stroke-related neuronal damage such as inflammatory and prothrombotic events. TNF-α has been shown to have an important role within the central nervous system; its properties include activation of microglia and astrocytes, influence on blood–brain barrier permeability, and influences on glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity. TNF-α increases the amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor density on the cell surface and simultaneously decreases expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor cells, and these effects are related to a direct neurotoxic effect. Several endogenous mechanisms regulate TNF-α activity during inflammatory responses. Endogenous inhibitors of TNF include prostaglandins, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and glucocorticoids. Etanercept, a biologic TNF antagonist, has a reported effect of decreasing microglia activation in experimental models, and it has been used therapeutically in animal models of ischemic and traumatic neuronal damage. In some studies using animal models, researchers have reported a limitation of TBI-induced cerebral ischemia due to etanercept action, amelioration of brain contusion signs, as well as motor and cognitive dysfunction. On this basis, it appears that etanercept may improve outcomes of TBI by penetrating into the cerebrospinal fluid in rats, although further studies in humans are needed to confirm these interesting and suggestive experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pecoraro
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kolgazi M, Cantali-Ozturk C, Deniz R, Ozdemir-Kumral ZN, Yuksel M, Sirvanci S, Yeğen BC. Nesfatin-1 alleviates gastric damage via direct antioxidant mechanisms. J Surg Res 2014; 193:111-8. [PMID: 25082746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is known to produce serious side effects, causing ulcerative lesions. Nesfatin-1, a newly identified anorexigenic peptide, was recently shown to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of nesfatin-1 on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS After a 24-h starvation period, ulcer was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (25 mg/kg), whereas control group received vehicle. Fifteen minutes after ulcer induction, rats were treated with either saline or nesfatin-1 (0.1, 0.3, or 1 μg/kg, intraperitoneally). At the fourth hour, all rats were decapitated and their trunk blood was collected for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 measurements. Stomach samples were examined microscopically and analyzed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), luminol-, and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) levels. RESULTS Ulcer induction increased serum TNF-α; and IL-6 levels, gastric CL and MDA levels and MPO activity but decreased gastric GSH content (P < 0.05-0.001). On the other hand, 0.1 μg/kg dose of nesfatin-1 reduced microscopic and macroscopic damage scores, decreased MPO activity and MDA levels, CL and IL-6 levels, whereas gastric GSH was replenished (P < 0.01). However, indomethacin-induced increase in TNF-α level was abolished at only 1 μg/kg dose of nesfatin-1 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Nesfatin-1 alleviated indomethacin-induced gastric injury, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects of nesfatin-1 on oxidative gastric damage could be implemented by supporting the balance in oxidant and antioxidant systems while inhibiting the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kolgazi
- Department of Physiology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Rabia Deniz
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Yuksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Marmara University Vocational School of Health-Related Professions, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sirvanci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak C Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhu Y, Zhang JJ, Liang WB, Zhu R, Wang B, Miao Y, Xu ZK. Pancreatic cancer counterattack: MUC4 mediates Fas-independent apoptosis of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1768-76. [PMID: 24534824 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated MUC4 mucin has considerable potential as an immunotherapy target for pancreatic cancer. In previous studies, we developed dendritic cell (DC) vaccines which elicited MUC4 antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (MS-CTL) response against tumor cells in vitro. Due to the observation that MS-CTL apoptotic rate increased significantly when co-cultured with MUC4+ tumor cells compared with T2 cells, we investigated whether high expression levels of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer cells would have an effect on the significant increase of apoptosis rate of MS-CTLs. First, the adverse influence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was eliminated by CD8+ T lymphocyte sorting before the induction of MS-CTLs. Then, we constructed clonal MUC4-knockdown HPAC pancreatic cancer sublines with different MUC4 expression for co-incubation system. By utilizing appropriate control to rule out the possible apoptosis-induced pathway of intrinsic activated cell-autonomous death (ACAD) and analogous antigen-dependent apoptosis of CTL (ADAC) in our study system, further analysis of the effect of MUC4 membrane-expression, supernatants and blockade of CTL surface Fas receptor on MS-CTL apoptosis was carried out. The results demonstrated that the level of MUC4 membrane expression strongly positively correlated with MS-CTL apoptosis and the influence of supernatants and Fas-blockade did not significantly correlate with MS-CTL apoptosis. This evidence suggested that there may be a novel counterattack pathway of pancreatic cancer cells, which is a MUC4-mediated, cell contact-dependent and Fas-independent process, to induce CTL apoptosis. Therefore, further exploration and understanding of the potential counterattack mechanisms is beneficial to enhance the efficacy of MUC4 specific tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Liang
- Jiangsu Province Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Nanjing 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Kuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Cytokine production profiles in chronic relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: IFN-γ and TNF-α are important participants in the first attack but not in the relapse. J Neurol Sci 2014; 340:117-22. [PMID: 24655735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease often displaying a relapsing-remitting course of neurological manifestations that is mimicked by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in animal models of MS. In particular, NOD mice immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 develop chronic relapsing-remitting EAE (CREAE). To elucidate the mechanisms that cause MS relapse, we investigated the histopathology and cytokine production of spleen cells and mRNA expression levels in the central nervous system (CNS) of CREAE mice. During the first attack, inflammatory cell infiltration around small vessels and in the subarachnoid space was observed in the spinal cord. Spleen cell production and mRNA expression in the CNS of several cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), were higher in CREAE mice than in controls. Afterwards, parenchymal infiltration and demyelination were observed histologically in the spinal cord and corresponded with the more severe clinical symptoms of the first and second relapses. IL-17 and CCL2, but not IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-6, were also produced by spleen cells during recurrences. Our results suggested that the immune mechanisms in relapses were different from those in the first attack for CREAE. Further investigation of CREAE mechanisms may provide important insights into successful therapies for human relapsing-remitting MS.
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Laureys G, Gerlo S, Spooren A, Demol F, De Keyser J, Aerts JL. β₂-adrenergic agonists modulate TNF-α induced astrocytic inflammatory gene expression and brain inflammatory cell populations. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:21. [PMID: 24479486 PMCID: PMC3942172 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NF-κB signaling pathway orchestrates many of the intricate aspects of neuroinflammation. Astrocytic β₂-adrenergic receptors have emerged as potential regulators in central nervous system inflammation and are potential targets for pharmacological modulation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the crosstalk between astrocytic β₂-adrenergic receptors and the TNF-α induced inflammatory gene program. METHODS Proinflammatory conditions were generated by the administration of TNF-α. Genes that are susceptible to astrocytic crosstalk between β₂-adrenergic receptors (stimulated by clenbuterol) and TNF-α were identified by qPCR-macroarray-based gene expression analysis in a human 1321 N1 astrocytoma cell line. Transcriptional patterns of the identified genes in vitro were validated by RT-PCR on the 1321 N1 cell line as well as on primary rat astrocytes. In vivo expression patterns were examined by intracerebroventricular administration of clenbuterol and/or TNF-α in rats. To examine the impact on the inflammatory cell content of the brain we performed extensive FACS analysis of rat brain immune cells after intracerebroventricular clenbuterol and/or TNF-α administration. RESULTS Parallel transcriptional patterns in vivo and in vitro confirmed the relevance of astrocytic β₂-adrenergic receptors as modulators of brain inflammatory responses. Importantly, we observed pronounced effects of β2-adrenergic receptor agonists and TNF-α on IL-6, CXCL2, CXCL3, VCAM1, and ICAM1 expression, suggesting a role in inflammatory brain cell homeostasis. Extensive FACS-analysis of inflammatory cell content in the brain demonstrated that clenbuterol/TNF-α co-administration skewed the T cell population towards a double negative phenotype and induced a shift in the myeloid brain cell population towards a neutrophilic predominance. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that astrocytic β₂-adrenergic receptors are potent regulators of astrocytic TNF-α-activated genes in vitro and in vivo, and ultimately modulate the molecular network involved in the homeostasis of inflammatory cells in the central nervous system. Astrocytic β₂-adrenergic receptors and their downstream signaling pathway may serve as potential targets to modulate neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Laureys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brussels, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent University Department of Biochemistry (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences), Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Spooren
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frauke Demol
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brussels, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Keyser
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brussels, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, RUG, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Liang H, Guan D, Gao A, Yin Y, Jing M, Yang L, Ma W, Hu E, Zhang X. Human amniotic epithelial stem cells inhibit microglia activation through downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-12 in vitro and in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:523-34. [PMID: 24424266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The molecular mechanisms by which stem cell transplantation improves functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are not well understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia cells are activated shortly after ICH and that this activation contributes to secondary ICH-induced brain injury. We studied the effect of human amniotic epithelial stem cells (HAESCs) on microglia activation. METHODS To study the effect of HAESCs in vitro, we used thrombin to activate the microglia cells. Twenty-four hours after thrombin treatment, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo, the HAESCs were transplanted into the rat striatum 1 day after collagenase-induced ICH. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 and microglia infiltration in the peri-hematoma tissues were determined 7 days after ICH through the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. RESULTS Thrombin-activated microglia expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and MMP-12 was significantly reduced through contact-dependent and paracrine mechanisms when the HAESCs were co-cultured with microglia cells. After transplantation of HAESCs in rat brains, the expression levels of MMP-12 and microglia infiltration in the peri-hematoma tissues were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that microglia activation could be inhibited by HAESCs both in vitro and in vivo, which may be an important mechanism by which the transplantation of HAESCs reduces brain edema and ameliorates the neurologic deficits after ICH. Therefore, we hypothesize that methods for suppressing the activation of microglia and reducing the inflammatory response can be used for designing effective treatment strategies for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, College of Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Hiser Medical Group, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Gao
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, College of Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, College of Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, College of Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, College of Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Enxi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, College of Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, College of Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Prokaryotic expression and functional analysis of the Mb1514 gene in Mycobacterium bovis. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:43-52. [PMID: 24141863 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of mycobacteria to grow and invade target tissues is the key component in the process of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Therefore, analysis of the proteins responsible for cell invasion will assist clinicians in combating bovine tuberculosis. The Mb1514 gene of M. bovis encodes a hypothetical invasion protein (designated here as MbINV protein), whose function has not yet been directly identified. In this study, the Mb1514 gene from M. bovis was cloned, and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant MbINV protein (a single band of approximately 28 kDa) was purified for biological analysis. Our data demonstrated that recombinant MbINV protein significantly inhibited the viability of RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and induced cell necrosis, indicating that the protein is toxic. MbINV protein infection significantly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NOS2 (P < 0.01), suggesting that MbINV protein may be one of the virulence factors which directly interact with macrophages and modulate the host immune response to M. bovis. An invasion inhibition assay showed that MbINV-inhibited M. bovis invasion of RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependant manner, demonstrating it is an invasion protein.
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49
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Vanden Driessche K, Persson A, Marais BJ, Fink PJ, Urdahl KB. Immune vulnerability of infants to tuberculosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:781320. [PMID: 23762096 PMCID: PMC3666431 DOI: 10.1155/2013/781320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges faced by the infant immune system is learning to distinguish the myriad of foreign but nonthreatening antigens encountered from those expressed by true pathogens. This balance is reflected in the diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines by both innate and adaptive immune cells in the infant. A downside of this bias is that several factors critical for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are significantly restricted in infants, including TNF, IL-1, and IL-12. Furthermore, infant T cells are inherently less capable of differentiating into IFN- γ -producing T cells. As a result, infected infants are 5-10 times more likely than adults to develop active tuberculosis (TB) and have higher rates of severe disseminated disease, including miliary TB and meningitis. Infant TB is a fundamentally different disease than TB in immune competent adults. Immunotherapeutics, therefore, should be specifically evaluated in infants before they are routinely employed to treat TB in this age group. Modalities aimed at reducing inflammation, which may be beneficial for adjunctive therapy of some forms of TB in older children and adults, may be of no benefit or even harmful in infants who manifest much less inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vanden Driessche
- Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infections in Children, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Persson
- Centre for Understanding and Preventing Infections in Children, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Ben J. Marais
- Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4100, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Pamela J. Fink
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin B. Urdahl
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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50
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The crucial role of the MyD88 adaptor protein in the inflammatory response induced by Bothrops atrox venom. Toxicon 2013; 67:37-46. [PMID: 23474268 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most snake accidents in North Brazil are attributed to Bothrops atrox, a snake species of the Viperidae family whose venom simultaneously induces local and systemic effects in the victims. The former are clinically more important than the latter, as they cause severe tissue lesions associated with strong inflammatory responses. Although several studies have shown that inflammatory mediators are produced in response to B. atrox venom (BaV), there is little information concerning the molecular pathways involved in innate immune system signaling. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adaptor molecule responsible for transmitting intracellular signals from most toll-like receptors (TLRs) after they interact with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or other stimuli such as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The MyD88-dependent pathway leads to activation of transcription factors, which in turn induce synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids, cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of MyD88 on the acute inflammatory response induced by BaV. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and MyD88 knockout (MyD88(-/-)) mice were intraperitoneally injected with BaV. Compared to WT mice, MyD88(-/-) animals showed an impaired inflammatory response to BaV, with lower influx of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells to the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, peritoneal leukocytes from BaV-injected MyD88(-/-) mice did not induce COX-2 or LTB4 protein expression and released low concentrations of PGE2. These mice also failed to produce Th1 and Th17 cytokines and CCL-2, but IL-10 levels were similar to those of BaV-injected WT mice. Our results indicate that MyD88 signaling is required for activation of the inflammatory response elicited by BaV, raising the possibility of developing new therapeutic targets to treat Bothrops sp. poisoning.
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