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Cui M, Li Y, Li J, Jia N, Cao W, Li Z, Li X, Chu X. Construction of various lipid carriers to study the transdermal penetration mechanism of sinomenine hydrochloride. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:157-169. [PMID: 38451031 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2324810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the transdermal mechanisms and compare the differences in transdermal delivery of Sinomenine hydrochloride (SN) between solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), liposomes (LS), and nanoemulsions (NE). METHODS SN-SLN, SN-LS and SN-NE were prepared by ultrasound, ethanol injection and spontaneous emulsification, respectively. FTIR, DSC, in vitro skin penetration, activation energy (Ea) analysis were used to explore the mechanism of drug penetration across the skin. RESULTS The particle size and encapsulation efficiency were 126.60 nm, 43.23 ± 0.48%(w/w) for SN-SLN, 224.90 nm, 78.31 ± 0.75%(w/w) for SN-LS, and 83.22 nm, 89.01 ± 2.16%(w/w) for SN-LS. FTIR and DSC showed the preparations had various levels of impacts on the stratum corneum's lipid structure which was in the order of SLN > NE > LS. Ea values of SN-SLN, SN-LS, and SN-NE crossing the skin were 2.504, 1.161, and 2.510 kcal/mol, respectively. CONCLUSION SLN had a greater degree of alteration on the skin cuticle, which allows SN to permeate skin more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Nini Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengguang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Province Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Vieira Nunes Cunha I, Machado Campos A, Passarella Gerola A, Caon T. Effect of invasome composition on membrane fluidity, vesicle stability and skin interactions. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123472. [PMID: 37788728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Invasomes have been widely exploited to enhance the percutaneous permeation of drugs. On the other hand, few studies have been dedicated to evaluating how their composition impacts the interaction with the skin, vesicle rigidity and stability, which was the focus of this investigation. Light scattering and spectroscopic techniques were considered for vesicle characterization. The addition of cholesterol (CHOL) into the phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles led to increased membrane rigidity (from PC:CHOL 5:0.5) and a concentration-dependent disorder effect on skin domains. Nevertheless, these vesicles were showed to be less stable. Ethanol, in turn, resulted in larger and more flexible vesicles, which can be attributed to its preferential distribution in headgroups of PC. The effect of limonene on membrane rigidity was dependent on the vesicle composition. It reduced the rigidity when few constituents were considered, but an opposite effect was observed for vesicles containing PC, CHOL, ethanol and limonene. Competitive effects of limonene and CHOL by the same domains in PC could explain these findings. Limonene was crucial to obtaining more monodisperse vesicles and it showed a synergistic action with CHOL in the disruption of lipid domains in the skin. Invasomes were more stable than liposomes. CHOL-free invasomes showed to be stable for up to 40 days at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izi Vieira Nunes Cunha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Machado Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Caon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Kumar B, Pandey M, Aggarwal R, Sahoo PK. A comprehensive review on invasomal carriers incorporating natural terpenes for augmented transdermal delivery. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transdermal drug delivery is one of the most widely used drug administration routes, which offer several advantages over other routes of drug delivery. The apical layer of the skin called the stratum corneum is the most dominant obstacle in the transdermal drug delivery, which restricts the passage of drugs across the skin. Considerable strategies have been applied to enhance the rate of permeation across the epithelial cells; however, the most widely used strategy is the use of sorption boosters, also known as permeation enhancers.
Main body
Terpenes were considered as efficient skin permeation enhancers and are generally recognized as safe as per Food and Drug Administration. Terpenes improve the permeability of drugs either by destructing the stratum corneum’s tightly packed lipid framework, excessive diffusivity of drug in cell membrane or by rampant drug partitioning into epithelial cells. Various vesicular systems have been developed and utilized for the transdermal delivery of many drugs. Invasomes are one such novel vesicular system developed which are composed of phospholipids, ethanol and terpenes. The combined presence of ethanol and terpenes provides exceptional flexibility to the vesicles and improves the permeation across the barrier offered due to the stratum corneum as both ethanol and terpenes act as permeation enhancers. Therefore, utilization of invasomes as carriers to facilitate higher rate of drug permeation through the skin can be a very useful approach to improve transdermal drug delivery of a drug.
Conclusion
The paper focuses on a broad updated view of terpenes as effective permeation enhancers and invasomes along with their applications in the pharmaceutical formulations.
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Boix-Montañés A, Celma-Lezcano C, Obach-Vidal R, Peraire-Guitart C. Collaborative permeation of drug and excipients in transdermal formulations. In vitro scrutiny for ethanol:limonene combinations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:239-248. [PMID: 36384197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of skin permeation of drugs is affected by the simultaneous co-permeation of excipients that hinder the predictivity of in vitro tests. The collaborative effects of two permeation enhancers (ethanol and d-limonene) of a lipophilic drug (alprazolam) have been simultaneously assessed in human skin under different in vitro conditions: integrated setups of diffusion cell experiments with selective concentration gradients of permeants (asymmetric) or without (symmetric) have been combined with coadministration dosages (all-in-one) at different concentrations or short-time skin pretreatment to scrutiny this mutual performance. Findings: Drug permeation is increased under moderated supersaturation but reaches a stationary level above 33 % of its solubility. Ethanol in absence of a concentration gradient increases ca.5 times basal drug permeation. Limonene until 20 % permeates human skin proportionally to its donor concentration but its effect does not depend on ethanol in symmetric conditions and is based on skin imbibition rather than on a carry-on effect. Simultaneous permeation of ethanol and limonene reaches a stationary state after 1.5 h, enough time to achieve maximal enhancement of alprazolam permeation. Additive enhancement is based on ethanol solubilisation maximized by skin saturation of terpene. Complementary analyses of skin disruption published in the literature are in line with these assessments and consolidate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boix-Montañés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Celma-Lezcano
- Ipsen Pharma, Pharmacokinetics Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona, España), Av. Laureà Miró 395, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - R Obach-Vidal
- Ipsen Pharma, Pharmacokinetics Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona, España), Av. Laureà Miró 395, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - C Peraire-Guitart
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Pharma, Pharmacokinetics Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona, España), Av. Laureà Miró 395, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
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Enhancing the skin permeation of testosterone with natural terpenes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zahid F, Batool S, Ud-Din F, Ali Z, Nabi M, Khan S, Salman O, Khan GM. Antileishmanial Agents Co-loaded in Transfersomes with Enhanced Macrophage Uptake and Reduced Toxicity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:226. [PMID: 35970966 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prime objective of this study was to develop amphotericin B (AMB) and rifampicin (RIF) co-loaded transfersomal gel (AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG) for effective treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). AMB-RIF co-loaded TF was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and was optimized based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE), and deformability index. Similarly, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG was characterized in terms of rheology, spread ability, and pH. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays were performed to evaluate AMB-RIF co-loaded TF as a potential treatment option for CL. The optimized formulation had vesicles in nanosize range (167 nm) with suitable PDI (0.106), zeta potential (- 19.05 mV), and excellent %EE of RIF (66%) and AMB (85%). Moreover, it had appropriate deformability index (0.952). Additionally, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG demonstrated suitable rheological behavior for topical application. AMB-RIF co-loaded TF and AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG showed sustained release of the incorporated drugs as compared to AMB-RIF suspension. Furthermore, RIF permeation from AMB-RIF co-loaded TF and AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG was enhanced fivefold and threefold, whereas AMB permeation was enhanced by eightfold and 6.6-fold, respectively. The significantly different IC50, higher CC50, and FIC50 (p < 0.5) showed synergistic antileishmanial potential of AMB-RIF co-loaded TF. Likewise, reduced lesion size and parasitic burden in AMB-RIF co-loaded TF-treated mouse group further established the antileishmanial effect of the optimized formulation. Besides, AMB-RIF co-loaded TFG showed a better safety profile. This study concluded that TFG may be a suitable carrier for co-delivery of AMB-RIF when administered topically for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Salman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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7
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Goh CF, Hadgraft J, Lane ME. Thermal analysis of mammalian stratum corneum using differential scanning calorimetry for advancing skin research and drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121447. [PMID: 34998922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For effective topical and transdermal drug delivery, it is necessary for most actives to penetrate and permeate through the stratum corneum (SC). Extensive investigation of the thermal behaviour of mammalian SC has been performed to understand the barrier function of the skin. However, little attention has been paid to the related experimental variables in thermal analysis of the SC using differential scanning calorimetry that may influence the results obtained from such studies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the thermal transitions of the SC of both porcine and human skin. More importantly, the selection and impact of the experimental and instrumental parameters used in thermal analysis of the SC are critically evaluated. New opportunities for the use of thermal analysis of mammalian SC in advancing skin research, particularly for elucidation of the actions of excipients employed in topical and transdermal formulations on the skin are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Jonathan Hadgraft
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Majella E Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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8
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Directional Growth of cm-Long PLGA Nanofibers by a Simple and Fast Wet-Processing Method. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020687. [PMID: 35057400 PMCID: PMC8777905 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of aligned nanofibers as useful scaffolds for tissue engineering is an actively sought-for research objective. Here, we propose a novel improvement of an existing self-assembly-based nanofabrication technique (ASB-SANS). This improvement, which we termed Directional ASB-SANS, allows one to produce cm2-large domains of highly aligned poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers in a rapid, inexpensive, and easy way. The so-grown aligned PLGA nanofibers exhibited remarkable adhesion to different substrates (glass, polyimide, and Si/SiOx), even when immersed in PBS solution and kept at physiological temperature (37 °C) for up to two weeks. Finally, the Directional ASB-SANS technique allowed us to grow PLGA fibers also on highly heterogeneous substrates such as polyimide-based, gold-coated flexible electrodes. These results suggest the viability of Directional ASB-SANS method for realizing biocompatible/bioresorbable, nanostructured coatings, potentially suitable for neural interface systems.
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Combinatorial lipid-nanosystem for dermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil and resveratrol against skin cancer: Delineation of improved dermatokinetics and epidermal drug deposition enhancement analysis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:223-239. [PMID: 33864904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, combinatorial nanostructured lipid carrier gel of 5-fluorouracil and resveratrol was formulated, optimized and characterized to enhance permeation in between epidermis and dermis layers of the skin to obtain a synergistic effect against skin cancer. After extensive trials, a newly modified emulsiosonication method was developed and additionally, for the first time, stability studies were done in the beginning to optimize formulation technique, which exhibited two major benefits simultaneously; first, it provided best-optimized technique for preparation of combinatorial lipid-nanosystem, and secondly, it also demonstrated a detailed report card of durability of formulations. In vitro release study showed a significantly improved, slow and prolonged release of drugs from the optimized lipid-nanosystem (***p < 0.05), which followed non-Fickian Higuchi kinetics. Besides, mechanism of skin permeation enhancement study, dermatokinetic assessment, and depth analysis of optimized formulation on skin exhibited improved permeation and well distribution of drugs up to the dermis layer of skin. Moreover, combinatorial linogel possessed significantly greater efficacy (**p < 0.01) on the A431 cell line, as compared to the conventional formulation. Thus, findings revealed that modified method of preparation for dual drug-loaded lipid-nanosystem lead to the production of a stable formulation that also improved the retention of both 5-fluorouracil and resveratrol in between the epidermis and dermis region of skin thereby helping in the management and treatment of skin cancer.
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Talib S, Ahmed N, Khan D, Khan GM, Rehman AU. Chitosan-chondroitin based artemether loaded nanoparticles for transdermal drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Nangare S, Dugam S. Smart invasome synthesis, characterizations, pharmaceutical applications, and pharmacokinetic perspective: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Scientists are constantly looking for the introduction of unique drug delivery systems for the existing drug molecule. Since the skin is one of the primary and essential organs of the human body, it needs successful research development for the delivery of the drug. While the skin is assumed a human body’s multifunctional organ, it has minimal permeability across the stratum corneum (SC). Since this is an influential barrier for the active agent, several carrier platforms to surmount this obstacle have been created. Invasomes are the liposomal vesicles, which incorporate small quantities of ethanol and terpenes or a mixture of terpenes, as potentials for improved penetration of the skin. The rate of penetration of invasomes through the skin is significantly greater than that of liposomes and ethosomes. Invasomes focus on providing a series of benefits namely enhanced drug effectiveness, increased conformity, and ease for patients.
Main body
The present article portrays insights of invasomes which include composition and preparation methods of invasomes. The article gives a brief review of the penetration mechanism, synthesis process, and characterizations of invasomes. The article gives a point by point audit about pharmaceutical applications, viz. anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-acne, vitamin analog, anticholinergic, antioxidant, etc. The pharmacokinetic properties of invasomes have also been described.
Conclusion
The key goal of an invasome-based delivery system is not only to strengthen the efficacy and safety of the drug but also to dramatically increase patient conformity and the therapeutic value to a significant extent. The delivery of drugs via the skin membrane in advanced drug delivery systems is a fascinating fact. Many pharmaceutical studies have shown that plentiful drug molecules are less soluble, have less bioavailability and stability, have less penetration, etc. Therefore, a new form of dosage with exceptional characteristics like invasomes can be created.
Graphical abstract
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12
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Santana RC, Rosa ADS, Mateus MHDS, Soares DC, Atella G, Guimarães AC, Siani AC, Ramos MFS, Saraiva EM, Pinto-da-Silva LH. In vitro leishmanicidal activity of monoterpenes present in two species of Protium (Burseraceae) on Leishmania amazonensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112981. [PMID: 32442591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people around the world. Parasite resistance and the toxicity to the current treatments lead to the search for new effective molecules. Plants are widely used in traditional and indigenous medicine to treat different diseases. The oleoresin of the genus Protium, which is rich in volatile compounds active against different microorganisms, is among these plants. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the leishmanicidal potential of Protium altsonii (PaEO) and P. hebetatum (PhEO) (Burseraceae) oleoresins, as well as of three representative monoterpenes in their constitution: α-pinene, p-cymene and 1,8-cineole. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protium altsonii (PaEO) and P. hebetatum (PhEO) oleoresins and three of their constituents were tested in vitro on promastigotes and amastigotes-infected macrophages in different concentrations. Their toxicity for macrophages was analyzed by XTT assay and phagocytic ability. It was evaluated the ability of the compounds to induce NO production on treated-macrophages using Griess reaction and the effect of them in lipid profile on treated-parasite through Thin Layer Chromatography. RESULTS Our data showed that both essential oils have toxic effect on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. amazonensis in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. PaEO IC50 were 14.8 μg/mL and 7.8 μg/mL and PhEO IC50s were 0.46 μg/mL and 30.5 μg/m for promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. Toxicity to macrophages was not observed at 50 μg/mL with both EOs. The compounds 1,8- cineole, α-pinene, and p-cymene inhibited amastigotes survival in a dose-dependent manner with IC50s of 48.4 μg/mL, 37 μg/mL, 46 μg/mL, respectively. Macrophage viability was around 90% even at 200 μg/mL and the phagocytic capacity was not altered in the treated-macrophages to up 50 μg/mL. The compounds were not able to modulate the nitric oxide production either at rest or LPS-activated macrophages. In addition, treated promastigote revealed an important change in their lipid profile after 48 h at 50 μg/mL in the presence of the compounds. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that oleoresins of Protium genus are potent against Leishmania and α-pinene, p-cymene and 1,8-cineole have anti-Leishmania properties that could be explored in synergistic assays in order to develop new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Couto Santana
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alice Dos Santos Rosa
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Deivid Costa Soares
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Monica Freiman S Ramos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Medicamentos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira Maria Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia H Pinto-da-Silva
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Invasome: A Novel Nanocarrier for Transdermal Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020341. [PMID: 32079276 PMCID: PMC7075144 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasomes are novel vesicular systems that exhibit improved transdermal penetration compared to conventional liposomes. These vesicles contain phospholipids, ethanol, and terpene in their structures; these components confer suitable transdermal penetration properties to the soft vesicles. The main advantages of these nanovesicles lie in their ability to increase the permeability of the drug into the skin and decrease absorption into the systemic circulation, thus, limiting the activity of various drugs within the skin layer. In this paper, several features of invasomes, including their structure, mechanism of penetration, applications, characterization, and potential advantages in dermal drug delivery, are highlighted. Overall, this review suggests that enhanced transdermal penetration of drugs using invasomes provides an appropriate opportunity for the development of lipid vesicular carriers.
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Desbrieres J, Peptu C, Ochiuz L, Savin C, Popa M, Vasiliu S. Application of Chitosan-Based Formulations in Controlled Drug Delivery. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Zhou X, Hao Y, Yuan L, Pradhan S, Shrestha K, Pradhan O, Liu H, Li W. Nano-formulations for transdermal drug delivery: A review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cationic Moieties in Polystyrene Gels Swollen with d-Limonene Improved Transdermal Delivery System. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111200. [PMID: 30961125 PMCID: PMC6290618 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
d-limonene, a terpene and natural compound, has been found to be an excellent penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). It hence has been incorporated within various transdermal formulations. Herein, we report the application of polystyrene gel swollen with d-limonene and its derivatives for TDD. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS gel), poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-4VP) gel and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-(vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PS-VBAC gel) were employed as chemical gels to improve the stability of the TDD substrates. The drug permeation properties from the PS gels swollen in limonene were examined, regarding the effect of its network density as well as their rheological properties. The lowest density of the network showed the highest steady flux of the permeation at 43.7 ± 0.3 μg/cm². FT-IR spectra were confirmed for PS-4VP and PS-VBAC, bearing cationic moieties and they could control the release of ibuprofen by the electrostatic interaction at the interface of organogel and skin. The steady state flux of skin permeation got low values from 55.2 ± 0.8 to 11.6 ± 2.0 μg/cm², when the cationic moieties were increased. Moreover, the chemical network of PS gel swollen in limonene showed high mechanical stability illustrated by elastic modulus (G') of about 98 kPa for 10% cross-linked PS gel. The developed PS gels swollen in limonene show highly promising results, suggesting their possible application in TDD.
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Moolakkadath T, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Iqbal B, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M, Iqbal Z. Development of transethosomes formulation for dermal fisetin delivery: Box-Behnken design, optimization, in vitro skin penetration, vesicles-skin interaction and dermatokinetic studies. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:755-765. [PMID: 29730964 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1469025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted for the optimization of transethosomes formulation for dermal fisetin delivery. The optimization of the formulation was carried out using "Box-Behnken design". The independent variables were Lipoid S 100, ethanol and sodium cholate. The prepared formulations were characterized for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro skin penetration study. The vesicles-skin interaction, confocal laser scanning microscopy and dermatokinetic studies were performed with optimized formulation. Results of the present study demonstrated that the optimized formulation presented vesicle size of 74.21 ± 2.65 nm, zeta potential of -11.0 mV, entrapment efficiency of 68.31 ± 1.48% and flux of 4.13 ± 0.17 µg/cm2/h. The TEM image of optimized formulation exhibited sealed and spherical shape vesicles. Results of thermoanalytical techniques demonstrated that the prepared transethosomes vesicles formulation had fluidized the rigid membrane of rat's skin for smoother penetration of fisetin transethosomes. The confocal study results presented well distribution and penetration of Rhodamine B loaded transethosomes vesicles formulation up to deeper layers of the rat's skin as compared to the Rhodamine B-hydro alcoholic solution. Present study data revealed that the developed transethosomes vesicles formulation was found to be a potentially useful drug carrier for fisetin dermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasleem Moolakkadath
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- c School of Pharmacy , Glocal University , Saharanpur , India
| | - Babar Iqbal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- d Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University) , New Delhi , India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University) , New Delhi , India
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18
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Jiang Q, Wu Y, Zhang H, Liu P, Yao J, Yao P, Chen J, Duan J. Development of essential oils as skin permeation enhancers: penetration enhancement effect and mechanism of action. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1592-1600. [PMID: 28399694 PMCID: PMC7011944 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1312464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Essential oils (EOs) have shown the potential to reversibly overcome the stratum corneum (SC) barrier to enhance the skin permeation of drugs. OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of turpentine, Angelica, chuanxiong, Cyperus, cinnamon, and clove oils were investigated for the capacity and mechanism to promote skin penetration of ibuprofen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin permeation studies of ibuprofen across rat abdominal skin with the presence of 3% w/v EOs were carried out; samples were withdrawn from the receptor compartment at 8, 10, 22, 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, and 48 h and analyzed for ibuprofen content by the HPLC method. The mechanisms of penetration enhancement of EOs were further evaluated by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis and determination of the properties of EOs. Moreover, the toxicities of EOs on skin cells were also measured. RESULTS The enhancement ratio (ER) values of turpentine, Angelica, chuanxiong, Cyperus, cinnamon, clove oils and azone were determined to be 2.23, 1.83, 2.60, 2.49, 2.63 and 1.97, respectively. Revealed by ATR-FTIR analysis, a linear relationship (r = 0.9045) was found between the ER values and the total of the shift of peak position of SC lipids. Furthermore, the results of HaCaT skin cell toxicity evaluation revealed that the natural EOs possessed relatively lower skin irritation potential. CONCLUSION Compared with azone, the investigated EOs possess significantly higher penetration enhancement effect and lower skin toxicity. EOs can promote the skin permeation of ibuprofen mainly by disturbing rather than extracting the SC lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudong Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhong Yao
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijun Yao
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Evaluation of sesquiterpenes as permeation enhancers for a model macromolecule across human skin in vitro. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Quintanilha NP, dos Santos Miranda Costa I, Freiman de Souza Ramos M, Campos de Oliveira Miguel N, Riemma Pierre MB. α-Bisabolol improves 5-aminolevulinic acid retention in buccal tissues: Potential application in the photodynamic therapy of oral cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tuntiyasawasdikul S, Limpongsa E, Jaipakdee N, Sripanidkulchai B. Effects of Vehicles and Enhancers on the Skin Permeation of Phytoestrogenic Diarylheptanoids from Curcuma comosa. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:895-903. [PMID: 27380435 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma comosa (C. comosa) is widely used in traditional medicine as a dietary supplement for health promotion in postmenopausal women in Thailand. It contains several diarylheptanoids, which are considered to be a novel class of phytoestrogens. However, the diarylheptanoids isolated from the plant rhizome are shown to have low oral bioavailability and faster elimination characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the permeation behavior of the active compounds of diarylheptanoids. The effects of binary vehicle systems and permeation enhancers on diarylheptanoids permeation and accumulation within the skin were studied using side-by-side diffusion cells through the porcine ear skin. Among the tested binary vehicle systems, the ethanol/water vehicle appeared to be the most effective system for diarylheptanoids permeation with the highest flux and shortest lag time. The presence of transcutol in the vehicle system significantly increased diarylheptanoid's permeation and accumulation within the skin in a concentration-dependent manner. Although the presence of terpenes in formulation decreased the flux of diarylheptanoids, it raised the amount of diarylheptanoids retained within the skin substantially. Based on the feasibility of diarylheptanoid permeation, C. comosa extract should be further developed into an effective transdermal product for health benefits and hormone replacement therapy.
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Zeb A, Qureshi OS, Kim HS, Cha JH, Kim HS, Kim JK. Improved skin permeation of methotrexate via nanosized ultradeformable liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3813-24. [PMID: 27540293 PMCID: PMC4982511 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate methotrexate-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes (MTX-UDLs) for potential transdermal application. MTX-UDLs were prepared by extrusion method with phosphatidylcholine as a bilayer matrix and sodium cholate or Tween 80 as an edge activator. The physicochemical properties of MTX-UDLs were determined in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The deformability of MTX-UDLs was compared with that of methotrexate-entrapped conventional liposomes (MTX-CLs) using a steel pressure filter device. The skin permeation of MTX-UDLs was investigated using Franz diffusion cell, and the skin penetration depth of rhodamine 6G-entrapped UDLs was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. MTX-UDLs showed a narrow size distribution, with the particle size of ~100 nm. The deformability of MTX-UDLs was two to five times greater than that of MTX-CLs. The skin permeation of MTX-UDLs was significantly improved compared with MTX-CLs and free MTX solution. The optimized UDLs (phosphatidylcholine: Tween 80 =7:3, w/w) showed a higher fluorescence intensity than conventional liposomes at every increment of skin depth. Thus, the optimized UDLs could be promising nanocarriers for systemic delivery of MTX across skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Omer Salman Qureshi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo-Seong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Santosomes as natural and efficient carriers for the improvement of phycocyanin reepithelising ability in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 103:149-158. [PMID: 27045470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New biocarriers, named santosomes, were formulated using Santolina insularis essential oil and hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. They were modified by adding propylene glycol, a hydrophylic penetration enhancer, and loaded with phycocyanin, a protein found in cyanobacteria, which possesses antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. The essential oil was expected to modify the bilayer structure and improve the delivery and efficacy of the protein due to a synergistic effect of the phospholipid and S. insularis terpenes. Santosomes were small in size (∼118nm), unilamellar and with polyhedral shape. SAXS patterns showed that phycocyanin strongly interacted with the polar heads of the vesicle bilayer. Phycocyanin-loaded vesicles did not show any toxic effect in vitro: cell viability was ∼100% in endothelial cells and ∼120% in keratinocytes, at all the concentrations tested. In addition, phycocyanin-loaded vesicles protected the cells against free radical damage. In vivo studies were performed to evaluate the ability of santosomes to inhibit chemically-induced oedema and inflammation in mice. Results demonstrated that the application of phycocyanin-loaded santosomes produced an evident amelioration of the skin lesion, confirming their great potential for wound healing.
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Ali A. The application of anethole, menthone, and eugenol in transdermal penetration of valsartan: Enhancement and mechanistic investigation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:1042-51. [PMID: 26510896 PMCID: PMC11132634 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The main barrier for transdermal delivery is the obstacle property of the stratum corneum. Many types of chemical penetration enhancers have been used to breach the skin barrier; among the penetration enhancers, terpenes are found as the most highly advanced, safe, and proven category. OBJECTIVE In the present investigation, the terpenes anethole, menthone, and eugenol were used to enhance the permeation of valsartan through rat skin in vitro and their enhancement mechanism was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin permeation studies of valsartan across rat skin in the absence and the presence of terpenes at 1% w/v, 3% w/v, and 5% w/v in vehicle were carried out using the transdermal diffusion cell sampling system across rat skin and samples were withdrawn from the receptor compartment at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h and analysed for drug content by the HPLC method. The mechanism of skin permeation enhancement of valsartan by terpenes treatment was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). RESULTS All the investigated terpenes provided a significant (p < 0.01) enhancement in the valsartan flux at a concentration of 1%, and less so at 3% and 5%. The effectiveness of terpenes at 1% concentration was in the following order: anethole > menthone > eugenol with 4.4-, 4.0-, and 3.0-fold enhancement ratio over control, respectively. DSC study showed that the treatment of stratum corneum with anethole shifted endotherm down to lower melting point while FTIR studies revealed that anethole produced maximum decrease in peak height and area than other two terpenes. CONCLUSION The investigated terpenes can be successfully used as potential enhancers for the enhancement of skin permeation of lipophilic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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25
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Balázs B, Csizmazia E, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M, Szabó-Révész P, Csányi E. New Approach of Sucrose Myristate as a Promising Penetration Enhancer in Dermal Preparations. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2015. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this work was to compare the penetration enhancer effect of newly developed sucrose myristate with the generally used sucrose laurate. Hydrogel formulations containing sucrose esters (SEs) were prepared and the model drug was Ibuprofen (IBU), which has oral side effects, so applying it in a transdermal system could be useful. We evaluated the effect of SE hydrogel formulations on the skin by the noninvasive in vivo test and examined their concentration dependent influence on the penetration of IBU through a synthetic membrane (in vitro) by the Franz cell method. The results indicated that sucrose myristate incorporated into hydrogel moistures the skin well and lastingly and showed a better drug penetration enhancing effect at a much lower concentration compared to sucrose laurate. Our results revealed that sucrose myristate could be a promising and effective penetration enhancer in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Balázs
- 1University of Szeged, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Szeged, Hungary
- 2Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Szilvia Berkó
- 1University of Szeged, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- 1University of Szeged, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Erzsébet Csányi
- 1University of Szeged, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Shah SM, Ashtikar M, Jain AS, Makhija DT, Nikam Y, Gude RP, Steiniger F, Jagtap AA, Nagarsenker MS, Fahr A. LeciPlex, invasomes, and liposomes: A skin penetration study. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:391-403. [PMID: 26002568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study compares three vesicular systems, cationic LeciPlex, invasomes, and conventional liposomes for their ability to deliver drugs deep into the skin. Skin penetration ability of the three vesicular systems was studied for two drugs namely idebenone (antioxidant/anticancer) and azelaic acid (antiacne). All systems showed sizes in nanometer range with small polydispersity indices. Vesicular systems were characterized by CryoTEM studies to understand the differences in morphology of the vesicular systems. Ex vivo human skin penetration studies suggested a pattern in penetration of drugs in different layers of the skin: LeciPlex showed higher penetration for idebenone whereas invasomes showed higher penetration of azelaic acid. Ex vivo study using a fluorescent dye (DiI) was performed to understand the differences in the penetration behavior of the three vesicular systems on excised human skin. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on B16F10 melanoma cell lines revealed, when loaded with idebenone, LeciPlex formulations had the superior activity followed by invasomes and liposomes. In vitro antimicrobial study of azelaic acid loaded systems on Propionibacterium acne revealed high antimicrobial activity for DDAB leciplex followed by almost equal activity for invasomes and CTAB LeciPlex followed by liposomes. Whereas antiacne efficacy study in rats for azelaic acid loaded systems, invasomes exhibited the best antiacne efficacy followed by liposomes and LeciPlex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Mukul Ashtikar
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ankitkumar S Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Dinesh T Makhija
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Yuvraj Nikam
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, 410210 Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv P Gude
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, 410210 Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, D07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aarti A Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Mangal S Nagarsenker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), 400098 Mumbai, India.
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Galipoğlu M, Erdal MS, Güngör S. Biopolymer-based transdermal films of donepezil as an alternative delivery approach in Alzheimer's disease treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:284-92. [PMID: 25273029 PMCID: PMC4370960 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix type transdermal films of donepezil (DNP) as an alternative delivery approach was designed to improve patient compliance to Alzheimer disease treatment. Sodium alginate, a natural polysaccharide, was used as matrix-forming agent in the optimization of transdermal films. Propylene glycol and dl-limonene was added into films as a plasticizer and permeation enhancer, respectively. As well as mechanical strength and bioadhesiveness of optimized transdermal films of DNP, the impact of dl-limonene concentration in films on DNP in vitro permeation across pig skin was assessed. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements were carried out to examine the effects of enhancer on in vitro conformational order of the stratum corneum intercellular lipids following permeation study. Results showed that transdermal formulations of DNP were suitable due to both mechanical and bioadhesive features of the films. In vitro skin permeation study indicated that dl-limonene at a concentration of 3% was optimum with high drug flux. ATR-FTIR results confirmed a more fluidized stratum corneum lipid state in the presence of dl-limonene, indicating its permeation enhancement effect. Regarding to achieve therapeutic levels of DNP, it seems to be feasible deliver DNP with transdermal films for the management of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maviye Galipoğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Beyazit 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Sedef Erdal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Beyazit 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Güngör
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Beyazit 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Mendanha SA, Alonso A. Effects of terpenes on fluidity and lipid extraction in phospholipid membranes. Biophys Chem 2015; 198:45-54. [PMID: 25687600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used in a detailed study of the interactions of several terpenes with DPPC membranes. EPR spectra of a spin-label lipid allowed the identification of two well-resolved spectral components at temperatures below and above the main phase transition of the lipid bilayer. Terpenes caused only slight mobility increases in each of these spectral components; however, they substantially increased the population of the more mobile component. In addition, the terpenes reduced the temperature of the main phase transition by more than 8 °C and caused the extraction of the spin-labeled lipid. Nerolidol, which had the highest octanol-water partition coefficient, generated the highest amount of spin label extraction. Acting as spacers, terpenes should cause major reorganization in cell membranes, leading to an increase in the overall molecular dynamics of the membrane. At higher concentrations, terpenes may cause lipid extraction and thus leakage of the cytoplasmic content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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29
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Vashisth I, Ahad A, Aqil M, Agarwal SP. Investigating the potential of essential oils as penetration enhancer for transdermal losartan delivery: Effectiveness and mechanism of action. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M. Design, formulation and optimization of valsartan transdermal gel containing iso-eucalyptol as novel permeation enhancer: preclinical assessment of pharmacokinetics in Wistar albino rats. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1149-62. [PMID: 24830648 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.914027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a transdermal gel formulation of valsartan using Box-Behnken design and to evaluate it for pharmacokinetic study. METHODS The independent variables were Carbopol 940 (X1), PEG 400 (X2) and ethanol (X3) while valsartan flux (Y1), Tlag (Y2) and gel viscosity (Y3) were the dependent variables. Iso-eucalyptol was added in all gel formulations as permeation enhancer except for control gel. RESULTS It was observed that the permeation rate of valsartan significantly increased in direct proportion to the ethanol concentration, but significantly decreased in direct proportion to polymer concentration. Lag time and viscosity decreased in reverse proportion to ethanol concentration. The optimized valsartan gel formulation (VGF-OPT) yielded flux of 143.27 ± 7.11 µg/cm(2)/h and 27.55 ± 2.51 µg/cm(2)/h across rat and human cadaver skin, respectively. In vivo pharmacokinetic study of VGF-OPT-transdermal therapeutic system containing iso-eucalyptol showed a significant increase in the bioavailability (2.52 times) compared with oral formulation of valsartan by virtue of better permeation through Wistar rat skin. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the developed transdermal gel accentuates the flux of valsartan and could be used as an antihypertensive dosage form for effective transdermal delivery of valsartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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31
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Ren Q, Deng C, Meng L, Chen Y, Chen L, Sha X, Fang X. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation of the effect of saturated fat acid chain length on the transdermal behavior of ibuprofen-loaded microemulsions. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1680-91. [PMID: 24700251 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the saturated fatty acid (FA) chain length in the oil phase on the behavior of Ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded transdermal microemulsion (ME) was evaluated in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Three oils classified as long (LFA), medium (MFA), and short (SFA) chain length oils, Cremophor RH40 (surfactant) and Transcutol P (cosurfactant) were selected after experimental optimization. The physicochemical properties of ME were characterized, including IBU solubility in excipients, pseudo-ternary phase diagram construction, particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, and stability. Permeation flux and residual amount of IBU ex vivo using Franz cell system occurred in the following order: MFA-based ME > LFA-based ME > SFA-based ME, which correlated well with the results of confocal scanning laser microscopy study and the in vivo retention study. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity study and skin irritation tests measured by differential scanning calorimetry were ranked in the following order: LFA-based ME > MFA-based ME > SFA-based ME. Moreover, MFA-based ME has the highest analgesic activity among all the treatment groups. MFA was found to be an optimal oil phase with appropriate FA chain length for IBU-loaded transdermal ME, which exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, low toxicity, and good permeability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Lan Y, Wu Q, Mao YQ, Wang Q, An J, Chen YY, Wang WP, Zhao BC, Liu N, Zhang YW. Cytotoxicity and enhancement activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:153-64. [PMID: 24510708 PMCID: PMC3924391 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this present study is to investigate the effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil (essential oil from Z. bungeanum Maxim.) on cytotoxicity and the transdermal permeation of 5-fluorouracil and indomethacin. The cytotoxicity of Z. bungeanum oil on dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes was studied using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The rat skin was employed to determine the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of Z. bungeanum oil on hydrophilic and lipophilic model drugs, i.e., 5-fluorouracil and indomethacin. The secondary structure changes of the rat stratum corneum (SC) were determined using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and saturated solubilities and SC/vehicle partition coefficients of two model drugs with and without Z. bungeanum oil were also measured to understand its related mechanisms of action. It was found that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Z. bungeanum oil were significantly lower in HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cell lines compared to the well-established and standard penetration enhancer Azone. The Z. bungeanum oil at various concentrations effectively facilitated the percutaneous penetration of two model drugs across the rat skin. In addition, the mechanisms of permeation enhancement by Z. bungeanum oil could be explained with saturated solubility, SC/vehicle partition coefficient, and secondary structure changes of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ying-qiu Mao
- Center of Science Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan-yan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Wen-ping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bo-chen Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ye-wen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Hussain Shah SN, Hussain T, Ullah Khan I, Asghar S, Shahzad Y. Formulation study of topically applied lotion: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2013; 3:11-9. [PMID: 23678465 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2013.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article presents the development and evaluation of a new topical formulation of diclofenac diethylamine (DDA) as a locally applied analgesic lotion. METHODS To this end, the lotion formulations were formulated with equal volume of varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%; v/v) of permeation enhancers, namely propylene glycol (PG) and turpentine oil (TO). These lotions were subjected to physical studies (pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, and accelerated stability), in vitro permeation, in vivo animal studies and sensatory perception testing. In vitro permeation of DDA from lotion formulations was evaluated across polydimethylsiloxane membrane and rabbit skin using Franz cells. RESULTS It was found that PG and TO content influenced the permeation of DDA across model membranes with the lotion containing 4% v/v PG and TO content showed maximum permeation enhancement of DDA. The flux values for L4 were 1.20±0.02 μg.cm(-2).min(-1) and 0.67 ± 0.02 μg.cm(-2).min(-1) for polydimethylsiloxane and rabbit skin, respectively. Flux values were significantly different (p < 0.05) from that of the control. The flux enhancement ratio of DDA from L4 was 31.6-fold and 4.8-fold for polydimethylsiloxane and rabbit skin, respectively. In the in vivo animal testing, lotion with 4% v/v enhancer content showed maximum anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect without inducing any irritation. Sensatory perception tests involving healthy volunteers rated the formulations between 3 and 4 (values ranging between -4 to +4, indicating a range of very bad to excellent, respectively). CONCLUSION It was concluded that the DDA lotion containing 4% v/v PG and TO exhibit the best performance overall and that this specific formulation should be the basis for further clinical investigations.
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Chaudhary H, Rohilla A, Rathee P, Kumar V. Optimization and formulation design of carbopol loaded Piroxicam gel using novel penetration enhancers. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:246-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang Z, Teng Y, Wang H, Hou H. Enhancement of skin permeation of bufalin by limonene via reservoir type transdermal patch: formulation design and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:231-40. [PMID: 23467076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A reservoir-type transdermal delivery system (TDS) of bufalin was designed and evaluated for various formulation variables like different penetration enhancers, formulation matrix, rate controlling membranes as well as biopharmaceutical characteristics. Hairless mouse skin was used in permeation experiments with Franz diffusion cells. In vitro skin permeation study showed that terpenes, especially d-limonene was the most effective enhancer when ethanol and PG were used as the vehicle with a synergistic effect. Among different rate controlling membranes, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) membrane containing 19% vinyl acetate demonstrated a more suitable release rate for bufalin than the other membranes. In vivo pharmacokinetic study of the bufalin patch in rat showed steady-state of bufalin from 3h to 12 h. In vivo release rate and cumulative amount analyzed by deconvolution method demonstrated the sustained release of bufalin as long as the patch remained on the animal for at least 12 h. The MRT increased from 1h of IV administration to 9h of transdermal administration. In vitro permeation across mouse skin was found to have biphasic correlation with plasma AUC in the in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Current in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) enabled the prediction of pharmacokinetic profile of bufalin from in vitro permeation results. In conclusion, current reservoir transdermal patch containing 10% D-limonene as a permeation enhancer, 40% ethanol, 30% PG and 15% carbopol-water gel complex provided an improved sustained release of bufalin through transdermal administration. The bufalin patch was successfully applied to biopharmaceutical study in rats and demonstrated the feasibility of this transdermal formulation for future development and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 77030, USA.
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Bennet D, Marimuthu M, Kim S, An J. Dual drug-loaded nanoparticles on self-integrated scaffold for controlled delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3399-419. [PMID: 22888222 PMCID: PMC3414208 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant (quercetin) and hypoglycemic (voglibose) drug-loaded poly-D,L-lactideco-glycolide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the solvent evaporation method. The dual drug-loaded nanoparticles were incorporated into a scaffold film using a solvent casting method, creating a controlled transdermal drug-delivery system. Key features of the film formulation were achieved utilizing several ratios of excipients, including polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, xylitol, and alginate. The scaffold film showed superior encapsulation capability and swelling properties, with various potential applications, eg, the treatment of diabetes-associated complications. Structural and light scattering characterization confirmed a spherical shape and a mean particle size distribution of 41.3 nm for nanoparticles in the scaffold film. Spectroscopy revealed a stable polymer structure before and after encapsulation. The thermoresponsive swelling properties of the film were evaluated according to temperature and pH. Scaffold films incorporating dual drug-loaded nanoparticles showed remarkably high thermoresponsivity, cell compatibility, and ex vivo drug-release behavior. In addition, the hybrid film formulation showed enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. These dual drug-loaded nanoparticles incorporated into a scaffold film may be promising for development into a transdermal drug-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasier Bennet
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Subongkot T, Duangjit S, Rojanarata T, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T. Ultradeformable liposomes with terpenes for delivery of hydrophilic compound. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:254-62. [PMID: 22663352 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.690158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultradeformable liposomes containing penetration enhancers were created to deliver NaFl. Vesicles were investigated for their particle size, zeta potential, NaFl entrapment efficiency (%EE), loading efficiency, and in vitro skin penetration. The vesicles obtained were spherical in shape, with a particle size of less than 100 nm and a negative surface charge (-6 to -11 mV). The %EE of NaFl loaded in vesicles ranged from 37 to 48%. Ultradeformable liposomes with monoterpenes (d-limonene, 1,8-cineole and geraniol) significantly improved NaFl penetration through the skin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis confirmed skin-penetration results and was used to evaluate the behavior of hydrophilic compounds penetrating through the skin.
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Aytekin M, Gursoy RN, Ide S, Soylu EH, Hekimoglu S. Formulation and characterization of liquid crystal systems containing azelaic acid for topical delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:228-39. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.671829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Akhlaghi M, Shabanian G, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Parvin N, Saadat M, Akhlaghi M. Citrus aurantium blossom and preoperative anxiety. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2012; 61:702-12. [PMID: 22063371 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7094(11)70079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Reducing anxiety is very important before operation. Preoperative visit and use of premedication are popular methods to achieve this goal, but the role of anxiolytic premedication remains unclear and postoperative side-effects may result from routine premedication. Citrus aurantium is used as an alternative medicine in some countries to treat anxiety, and recently the anxiolytic role of this medicinal plant was established in an animal model study. The aim of this study was to assess the anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium blossomon preoperative anxiety. METHODS We studied 60 ASA I patients undergoing minor operation. In a randomized double-blind design, two groups of 30 patients received one of the following oral premedication two hours before induction of anesthesia: 1) Citrus aurantium blossom distillate 1mL.kg(-1) (C-group); 2) Saline solution 1mL.kg(-1) as placebo (P-group). Anxiety was measured before and after premedication using the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-state) and the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS) before operation. RESULTS After premedication, both the STAI-state and the APAIS scales were decreased in C-group (p<0.05); while exhibiting no significant changes in P-group. CONCLUSIONS Citrus aurantium blossom may be effective in terms of reduction in preoperative anxiety before minor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Akhlaghi
- Anesthesiology Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Cui Y, Li L, Zhang L, Li J, Gu J, Gong H, Guo P, Tong W. Enhancement and mechanism of transdermal absorption of terpene-induced propranolol hydrochloride. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1477-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Csizmazia E, Erős G, Berkesi O, Berkó S, Szabó-Révész P, Csányi E. Pénétration enhancer effect of sucrose laurate and Transcutol on ibuprofen. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ferrante M, Andreeta A, Landoni M. Effect of different penetration enhancers on diclofenac permeation across horse skin. Vet J 2010; 186:312-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Csizmazia E, Erős G, Berkesi O, Berkó S, Szabó-Révész P, Csányi E. Ibuprofen penetration enhance by sucrose ester examined by ATR-FTIR in vivo. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 17:125-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.508076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Effect of lipid nanoparticles containing fatty alcohols having different chain length on the ex vivo skin permeability of Econazole nitrate. POWDER TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nicoli S, Eeman M, Deleu M, Bresciani E, Padula C, Santi P. Effect of lipopeptides and iontophoresis on aciclovir skin delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:856-65. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.06.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Prasad CS, Shukla R, Kumar A, Dubey NK. In vitroandin vivoantifungal activity of essential oils ofCymbopogon martiniandChenopodium ambrosioidesand their synergism against dermatophytes. Mycoses 2010; 53:123-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Azarbayjani AF, Tan EH, Chan YW, Chan SY. Transdermal delivery of haloperidol by proniosomal formulations with non-ionic surfactants. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 32:1453-8. [PMID: 19652389 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proniosomal formulations with non-ionic surfactant were studied. The effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of one or two surfactants on drug solubility, proniosome surface structure and stability and skin permeation of haloperidol from different formulations were investigated. Haloperidol (HP) was entrapped in proniosomes with very high efficiency for all formulations. Stability studies performed at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C for a period of 6 weeks did not reveal any significant drug leakage (p>0.05). Formulations with single surfactants were found to increase the skin permeation of HP more than formulations containing two surfactants. The number of carbons in the alkyl chain of the non-ionic surfactant influenced the in vitro permeation of HP though the epidermis and the skin permeation was increased with increase in hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of the surfactant. Interfacial tension and surfactant hydrophobicity appeared to be useful for elucidating mechanism of skin permeation and for comparing drug fluxes from different proniosomal formulations.
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Fang JY, Tsai TH, Hung CF, Wong WW. Development and evaluation of the essential oil from Magnolia fargesii for enhancing the transdermal absorption of theophylline and cianidanol. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:1493-500. [PMID: 15563755 DOI: 10.1211/0022357044823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve the skin permeation of theophylline and cianidanol ((+)-catechin), the essential oil of Magnolia fargesii was evaluated using in-vitro and in-vivo permeation techniques. Oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the major components of M. fargesii essential oil. The in-vitro permeation of theophylline and cianidanol was significantly enhanced after treatment with M. fargesii essential oil. The essential oil increased the in-vivo skin deposition of cianidanol but not theophylline. On the other hand, in-vivo microdialysis showed a higher subcutaneous theophylline amount after essential oil treatment. In-vitro cell viability and prostaglandin E2 release by skin keratinocytes indicated that there was low or negligible cytotoxicity by M. fargesii essential oil. The in-vivo skin tolerance study determined by transepidermal water loss and colorimetry confirmed that no irritation of the skin was detected when using M. fargesii essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Lim PFC, Liu XY, Chan SY. A Review on Terpenes as Skin Penetration Enhancers in Transdermal Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2009.9700208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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He W, Guo X, Xiao L, Feng M. Study on the mechanisms of chitosan and its derivatives used as transdermal penetration enhancers. Int J Pharm 2009; 382:234-43. [PMID: 19686826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of chitosan (CS) and its derivatives used as transdermal penetration enhancers has been confirmed in our previous research. This study investigated the mechanisms of penetration enhancement by CS and its derivatives, i.e., N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with different degree of quaternization (DQ) and mono-N-carboxylmethyl chitosan (MCC). After treatment with CS, TMCs or MCC, the secondary structure changes of keratin in stratum corneum (SC) from mice were examined by an Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) combined with the application of the second-order derivative, deconvolution and curve-fitting. The water content in the SC was also studied by ATR-FTIR. HaCaT cell lines were employed as the cell models in the study. HaCaT cells were first treated with blank D-Hanks solution, CS or its derivatives, and were then fluorescent labeled with DiBAC(4) (3). The change of membrane potential was measured by a flow cytometer (FCM). Alternatively, the treated HaCaT cells were labeled with NBD-C(6)-HPC and the change of membrane fluidity was examined under a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). It was found that CS, TMCs and MCC could significantly affect the secondary structure of keratin in SC in different ways. Although the amide II absorption peak of keratin moved to a lower wave number following treatment with CS, TMCs, or MCC, the beta-turning structure of keratin was converted to beta-sheeting and random coiling after treatment with TMCs and was converted to beta-sheeting and alpha-helix following treatment with MCC and CS. At the same time, CS and its derivatives all could increase the water content of SC, decrease HaCaT cells membrane potentials and enhance HaCaT cells membrane fluidity significantly. The effect of TMCs appeared to be independent of their DQ. The results suggest that the mechanisms of transdermal enhancement of CS, TMCs and MCC are closely related to their effects on the secondary structure of keratin and water content in SC, cell membrane potential and fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- Department of Pharmacy of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China.
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