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Jakobsen N, Weber NR, Larsen I, Pedersen KS. Diagnostic utility of acute phase proteins and their ability to guide antibiotic usage in pigs, horses, and cattle: a mapping review. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:45. [PMID: 39237955 PMCID: PMC11378633 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the use of antibiotics for many of the multifactorial diseases seen in pigs, horses and cattle, new diagnostic tools are needed. Acute phase protein (APP) measurements can, in humans, be used to guide antibiotic treatment initiation, evaluate treatment efficacy, and make a prognosis. The aim of this review is to collect evidence on the clinical functionality of APP measurements as a tool to guide antibiotic treatment in pigs, horses, and cattle. Literature was retrieved using Medline, CAB Abstracts and Google Scholar. The acute phase response has been investigated for a plethora of diseases and clinical signs and the major acute phase proteins are elevated in diseased compared to healthy animals. Few studies correlated acute phase response with aetiology, antibiotic treatment efficacy, prognosis, or severity of disease. The existing research does not support that APP can be used to guide antibiotic treatment, but the reported studies indicate that C-reactive protein (CRP) might be able to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial causes of disease in pigs. Serum amyloid A (SAA) might reflect underlying aetiology in horses and infectious or non-infectious cases of mastitis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Jakobsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | - Inge Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ken Steen Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Ø-Vet A/S, Køberupvej 33, 4700, Næstved, Denmark
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2
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Pérez-Pérez L, Carvajal A, Puente H, Peres Rubio C, Cerón JJ, Rubio P, Argüello H. New insights into swine dysentery: faecal shedding, macro and microscopic lesions and biomarkers in early and acute stages of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:24. [PMID: 38951921 PMCID: PMC11218200 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis in pigs caused classically by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Although several aspects of B. hyodysenteriae infection dynamic are already described, further research in the early stage of this infection is required. In this study, 7-week-old pigs were orally challenged with B. hyodysenteriae to obtain information about faecal shedding, macro and microscopic intestinal lesions and serum acute phase proteins in pigs at the onset of B. hyodysenteriae shedding (early infection group, n = 8), in pigs with mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoea (acute infection group, n = 8) and in non-infected controls (n = 16). RESULTS First B. hyodysenteriae detection by q-PCR and first loose stools with blood and mucus occurred both at 8 days post-inoculation. The lapse between a positive q-PCR and observation of mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoea ranged from 0 to 3 days, except in a single pig in which this period lasted 5 days. Macroscopic lesions were observed in the large intestine from both infected groups although more frequent and severe in acute infection group. Microscopic observation of the apex mucosa revealed that in early infection only higher ulceration values were observed compared to healthy controls. In contrast, the acute infection group exhibited higher ulceration, neutrophils infiltration and increased mucosal thickness compared to the other two groups. Among the serum biomarkers tested, only haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase showed a significant increase in pigs in the acute infection period compared to controls, whereas haptoglobin was the only factor with a significant increase at the early infection compared to non-infected animals. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights about SD and remarks the complex and limited options to perform an early detection of infected animals beyond PCR diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Héctor Puente
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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3
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Miller I, Gianazza E. Proteomic methods for the study of porcine acute phase proteins - anything new to detect? Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1801-1815. [PMID: 37452983 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs) reflect the health status of individuals and are important tools in diagnostics, as their altered levels are a sign of disturbed homeostasis. While, in most cases, quantitation of known serum APPs is routinely performed by immunoassays, proteomics is helpful in discovery of new biomarker candidates, especially in samples other than body fluids. Besides putting APP regulation into an overall context of differentially abundant proteins, this approach can detect further details or outright new features in protein structure or specific modifications, and help understand better their function. Thus, it can show up ways to make present diagnostic assays more sensitive and/or specific, or correlate regulations of disease-specific proteins. The APP repertoire is dependent on the species. The pig is both, an important farm animal and a model animal for human diseases, due to similarities in physiology. Besides reviewing existing literature, yet unpublished examples for two-dimensional electrophoresis in connection with pig APPs highlight some of the benefits of proteomics. Of further help would be the emerging targeted proteomics, offering the possibility to determine particular isoforms or proteoforms, without the need of specific antibodies, but this method is presently scarcely used in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Wien, Austria.
| | - Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133, Milano, Italy
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4
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López-Martínez MJ, Ornelas MAS, Amarie RE, Manzanilla EG, Martínez-Subiela S, Tecles F, Tvarijonaviciute A, Escribano D, González-Bulnes A, Cerón JJ, López-Arjona M, Muñoz-Prieto A. Changes in salivary biomarkers of stress, inflammation, redox status, and muscle damage due to Streptococcus suis infection in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:100. [PMID: 37525237 PMCID: PMC10388462 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a Gram-positive bacteria that infects pigs causing meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia, or endocarditis. This increases the mortality in pig farms deriving in severe economic losses. The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has various advantages compared to blood, especially in pigs. In this study, it was hypothesized that saliva could reflect changes in different biomarkers related to stress, inflammation, redox status, and muscle damage in pigs with S. suis infection and that changes in these biomarkers could be related to the severity of the disease. RESULTS A total of 56 growing pigs from a farm were selected as infected pigs (n = 28) and healthy pigs (n = 28). Results showed increases in biomarkers related to stress (alpha-amylase and oxytocin), inflammation (haptoglobin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4), total protein, S100A8-A9 and S100A12), redox status (advanced oxidation protein producs (AOPP)) and muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, troponin I, lactate, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase). An increase in adenosine deaminase (ADA), procalcitonin, and aldolase in infected animals were also observed, as previously described. The grade of severity of the disease indicated a significant positive correlation with total protein concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase, aldolase, and AOPP. CONCLUSIONS This report revealed that S. suis infection caused variations in analytes related to stress, inflammation, redox status, and muscle damage in the saliva of pigs and these can be considered potential biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Mario Andre S Ornelas
- Pig Development Department, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roxana Elena Amarie
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edgar Garcia Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, 46115, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Marina López-Arjona
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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5
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Saco Y, Bassols A. Acute phase proteins in cattle and swine: A review. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 1:50-63. [PMID: 36526287 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The major acute phase proteins (APPs) in cattle are haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and in swine, are Hp, SAA, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Pig major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP). Many methodologic assays are presently available to measure these parameters, which are still being improved to increase their specificity, sensitivity, user-friendliness, and economic availability. In cattle, the main applications are the diagnosis and monitoring of frequent diseases such as mastitis and metritis in dairy cows and respiratory problems in young calves. In pigs, APPs are useful in the control of bacterial and viral infections, and they may be used at the slaughterhouse to monitor subclinical pathologies and improve food safety. The utility of APP in animal production must not be forgotten; optimization of protocols to improve performance, welfare, and nutrition may benefit from the use of APPs. Other sample types besides serum or plasma have potential uses; APP determination in milk is a powerful tool in the control of mastitis, saliva is a non-invasive sample type, and meat juice is easily obtained at the slaughterhouse. Increasing our knowledge of reference intervals and the influence of variables such as age, breed, sex, and the season is important. Finally, worldwide harmonization and standardization of analytical procedures will help to expand the use of APPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Saco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Wellington MO, Hulshof TG, Ernst K, Balemans A, Page GI, Van Hees HMJ. Impact of L-Arginine and L-Glutamine supplementation on growth performance and immune status in weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli F4. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad138. [PMID: 37140541 PMCID: PMC10243967 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine (ARG) and Glutamine (GLN) have been reported to play significant roles in protein metabolism, immunity, and intestinal health in weanling pigs. The present study investigated the independent and interactive effect of supplementing ARG and GLN on pigs immune status and growth performance following an Escherichia coli F4 challenge. A total of 240 mixed-sex pigs (24 ± 2 d old; 7.3 ± 0.1 kg BW) were used in a 42-d experiment after selection for E. coli F4 susceptibility. The pigs were group-housed (3 pigs per pen), and pens were randomly assigned to five experimental treatments (N = 16 pens per treatment). Experimental treatments were: 1) a wheat-barley-soybean meal-based basal diet (CTRL), 2) a basal diet with 2500 mg/kg zinc oxide (ZnO), 3) a basal diet + 0.5% Glutamine (0.5% GLN), 4) basal diet + 0.5% Arginine (0.5% ARG), and 5) basal diet with 0.5% Glutamine + 0.5% Arginine (0.5% GLN + ARG). All Pigs were inoculated with E. coli F4 on days 7, 8, and 9 post-weaning. Rectal swabs were taken from each pig and plated on blood agar plates for E. coli F4 presence. Blood and fecal samples were taken to determine the acute phase response and selected fecal biomarkers for the immune response. Growth performance and fecal scores were recorded. Fecal swabs resulted in no positive pig for E. coli F4 before inoculation and 73.3% positive postinoculation. Diarrhea incidence during days 7 to 14 was significantly lower for the ZnO treatment (P < 0.05). The haptoglobin level on day 3 was lower than days 10 and 20, irrespective of treatment (P < 0.05). The albumin level was lower on day 20 compared to days 3 and 10 (P < 0.05). There was no treatment effect on albumin levels regardless of sampling day (P > 0.05). The PigMAP was lowest on day 3 and highest on day 10 (P < 0.05). We did not observe significant treatment differences (P > 0.05) in myeloperoxidase and calprotectin. Pancreatitis-associated protein was higher in the ZnO (P = 0.001) treatment than in the other treatments. Fecal IgA tended (P = 0.10) to be higher in the ZnO and 0.5% ARG treatments. There were no performance differences, except during days 0 to 7, where the ZnO treatment was lower in average daily gain and average daily feed intake (P < 0.001), while feed efficiency (G:F) FE was similar across treatments. In summary, no improved performance was observed with either ARG, glutamate, or both. The immune response results showed that the E. coli F4 challenge may have exacerbated the acute phase response; hence, the benefits of dietary treatments did not go beyond immune repair and reduction in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Wellington
- Swine Research Centre, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Veerstraat 38, 5831JNBoxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Tetske G Hulshof
- Swine Research Centre, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Veerstraat 38, 5831JNBoxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Kristi Ernst
- Swine Research Centre, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Veerstraat 38, 5831JNBoxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Balemans
- Swine Research Centre, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Veerstraat 38, 5831JNBoxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Greg I Page
- Swine Research Centre, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Veerstraat 38, 5831JNBoxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Hubèrt M J Van Hees
- Swine Research Centre, Trouw Nutrition R&D, Veerstraat 38, 5831JNBoxmeer, The Netherlands
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7
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Pre-weaning social behaviours and peripheral serotonin levels are associated with behavioural and physiological responses to weaning and social mixing in pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Biosecurity and Lairage Time versus Pork Meat Quality Traits in a Farm-Abattoir Continuum. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233382. [PMID: 36496903 PMCID: PMC9738693 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern pig production chain is increasingly focused on biosecurity, quality, and safety of meat and is associated with many challenges impacting world meat markets, such as animal disease outbreaks and sanitary restrictions, trade regulations and quality requirements. To overcome such challenges and assure more consistent pork meat quality (and safety), there is a need to develop an effective and reliable monitoring system in a farm-abattoir continuum that can be based on selected biomarkers. This study assessed interrelations of selected stress and inflammation biomarkers (acute phase proteins (APP)) between farm biosecurity score versus pork meat quality traits after two different lairage periods. Briefly, the maximum recorded levels of stress hormones (436.2 and 241.2 ng/mL, for cortisol and Chromogranin A (CgA), respectively) and APP (389.4 and 400.9 μg/mL, Pig Major Acute Proteins (MAP) and Haptoglobin (Hp), respectively) at four commercial farms were within the recommended threshold values. Cortisol and APP were negatively correlated to the internal and total biosecurity scores of farms. The increase of level of both sets of biomarkers was found at bleeding (after transportation and lairage period), but with lower values after long (18-20 h) versus short (1-3 h) lairage lay-over time. In general, negative correlation was confirmed between stress and inflammation biomarkers and carcass/meat quality traits. The farm total biosecurity level significantly affected chilling yield, meat temperature, and a* value. Pig-MAP emerged as a good biomarker with a promising potential for assessment and anticipation of broad aspects in the pork meat chain. It can be used for detection of failures in the pig production system and might be incorporated in certification programs for the pork meat industry.
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9
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Hansen MS, Jensen TK, Hjulsager CK, Angen Ø, Riber U, Nielsen J, Heegaard PMH, Larsen LE. Experimental infection of high health pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Lawsonia intracellularis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:994147. [PMID: 36277064 PMCID: PMC9583870 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.994147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Lawsonia intracellularis infections can cause enteritis in pigs. A Danish study showed a significantly higher probability of detecting PCV2 without concurrent L. intracellularis infection, indicating that one of these pathogens has an impact on the dynamics of the other. Therefore, a delayed co-infection model was set up, initially aiming at investigating the interaction between PCV2 and L. intracellularis in pigs challenged with PCV2 and 2 weeks later with L. intracellularis. But due to PCV2 contamination of the L. intracellularis inoculum the aim was revisited to describing the infection dynamics and pathogenesis of pigs infected with PCV2 followed by delayed simultaneous exposure to PCV2 and L. intracellularis. Twenty-four high-health piglets were divided into three groups of eight pigs (A, B, C) and inoculated at experimental day (EXD) 0 with mock (groups A and B) or PCV2 (group C), and at EXD 14 with mock (group A) or L. intracellularis/PCV2 (groups B and C). The pigs underwent daily clinical examination, and were necropsied at EXD 51–52. Furthermore, histology, immunohistochemistry, serology and PCR for PCV2 and L. intracellularis, and measurement of C-reactive protein were carried out. Results Group A remained negative for PCV2 and L. intracellularis. Following inoculation with L. intracellularis/PCV2, no significant differences were observed between group B and C, however pigs already infected with PCV2 (group C) showed milder clinical signs and exhibited milder intestinal lesions, less shedding of L. intracellularis and developed higher L. intracellularis antibody titers than the pigs in group B that only received the combined infection. Though the differences between group B and C were non-significant, all results pointed in the same direction, indicating that the pigs in group B were more affected by the L. intracellularis infection compared to the pigs in group C. Conclusions Previous exposure to PCV2 had limited impact on the subsequent exposure to a combined L. intracellularis/PCV2 inoculation. However, there was a tendency that the infection dynamics of PCV2 and development of antibodies to PCV2 and L. intracellularis were altered in pigs previously exposed to PCV2. These differences should be confirmed in further experimental trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette S. Hansen
- Center for Diagnostic, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,The National Veterinary Institute, DTU, Kalvehave, Denmark,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,*Correspondence: Mette S. Hansen
| | - Tim K. Jensen
- Center for Diagnostic, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte K. Hjulsager
- Center for Diagnostic, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Øystein Angen
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark,The National Veterinary Institute, DTU, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Riber
- Center for Diagnostic, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- The National Veterinary Institute, DTU, Kalvehave, Denmark,National Institute of Aquatic Resources, DTU, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Center for Diagnostic, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, DTU, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- Center for Diagnostic, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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10
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Sánchez J, Matas M, Ibáñez-López FJ, Hernández I, Sotillo J, Gutiérrez AM. The Connection Between Stress and Immune Status in Pigs: A First Salivary Analytical Panel for Disease Differentiation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:881435. [PMID: 35782547 PMCID: PMC9244398 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.881435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper analyzes the association between stress and immune response activations in different diseases, based on the salivary analytics. Moreover, a first attempt to discriminate between diseases was performed by principal component analysis. The salivary analytics consisted of the measurement of psychosocial stress (cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase) indicators, innate (acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein and haptoglobin), and adaptive immune (adenosine deaminase, Cu and Zn) markers and oxidative stress parameters (antioxidant capacity and oxidative status). A total of 107 commercial growing pigs in the field were divided into six groups according to the signs of disease after proper veterinary clinical examination, especially, healthy pigs, pigs with rectal prolapse, tail-biting lesions, diarrhea, lameness, or dyspnea. Associations between stress and immune markers were observed with different intensities. High associations (r = 0.61) were observed between oxidative stress markers and adaptive immune markers. On the other hand, moderate associations (r = 0.31–0.48) between psychosocial stress markers with both innate and adaptive immune markers were observed. All pathological conditions showed statistically significant differences in at least 4 out of the 11 salivary markers studied, with no individual marker dysregulated in all the diseases. Moreover, each disease condition showed differences in the degree of activation of the analyzed systems which could be used to create different salivary profiles. A total of two dimensions were selected through the principal component analysis to explain the 48.3% of the variance of our data. Lameness and rectal prolapse were the two pathological conditions most distant from the healthy condition followed by dyspnea. Tail-biting lesions and diarrhea were also far from the other diseases but near to healthy animals. There is still room for improvements, but these preliminary results displayed a great potential for disease detection and characterization using salivary biomarkers profiling in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sánchez
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Cefu SA, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Matas
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. J. Ibáñez-López
- Statistical Support Service (SAE), Scientific and Technological Research Area (ACTI), CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - I. Hernández
- Statistical Support Service (SAE), Scientific and Technological Research Area (ACTI), CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J. Sotillo
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A. M. Gutiérrez
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: A. M. Gutiérrez
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DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOASSAY FOR SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN AS A PUTATIVE DISEASE MARKER IN THE SOUTHERN WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM SIMUM). J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:141-152. [DOI: 10.1638/2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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The Effect of the Repair of Induced Articular Cartilage Defects in Pigs Using Calcium Phosphate Cement with Aminoacids on the Concentrations of Selected Inflammatory Markers and Serum Enzyme Activities. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of articular cartilage defects is an intensively developing area of research. Severe inflammatory reactions after surgical interventions on bones or their structures may lead to changes of bone or joint asymmetry. In laboratory diagnostics, some inflammatory biomarkers and serum enzymes are available for the evaluation of these inflammatory processes. A general understanding of inflammatory responses following the repair of cartilage defects is still lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the alterations in the values of five inflammatory markers and the activities of several enzymes in seven 5-month-old pigs within the first 30 days following the restoration of induced articular cartilage defects using the tetracalcium phosphate/nanomoneite cement powder enriched with amino acids (CAL). The reconstruction of surgically induced defects was accompanied by a significant increase of serum amyloid A (SAA, p < 0.05), haptoglobin (Hp, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP, p < 0.01), and pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP, p < 0.001). Their concentrations decreased gradually within one-month post-surgery, the values recorded at the end of this period were higher than those obtained prior to surgery. The concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) showed no significant changes during the evaluated period. Alterations were also found in the enzyme activities of creatine kinase (p < 0.05), lactate-dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that SAA, Hp, CRP and pig-MAP might be applicable biomarkers of acute phase response for the monitoring of postoperative period.
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13
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Li H, Liu X, Shang Z, Qiao J. Clostridium butyricum Helps to Alleviate Inflammation in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:683863. [PMID: 34277756 PMCID: PMC8282889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.683863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether the probiotic Clostridium butyricum (CB) alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-induced inflammation by regulating the activation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway is not clear, thus, we carried out this study. A total of 72 piglets (average body weight 7.09 ± 0.2 kg) were randomly divided into three groups of 24 piglets per group. Pigs were either fed a daily diet (NC, negative control), a diet tested every day by 1 × 109 CFU/mL ETEC K88 (PC, positive control), or a basal diet supplemented with 5 × 105 CFU/g CB and challenged with ETEC K88 (PC + CB group). Results: Our results showed that CB pretreatment attenuated the effect of ETEC K88 by decreasing C-reactive protein (CRP), which resulted in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. Histological examination revealed that CB pretreatment alleviated intestinal villi injury caused by ETEC K88 challenge. Furthermore, CB pretreatment promoted mRNA expression of the negative regulators of TLR signaling, including myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), toll-interacting protein (Tollip), and B cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (Bcl-3), in the intestines of ETEC K88-challenged piglets. ETEC K88-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha (IκBα) was attenuated by CB pretreatment. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CB helps to maintain and strengthen the shape of intestinal villi and limits detrimental inflammatory responses, partly by inhibiting toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) expression and inhibiting NF-κB p65, and promoting IκBα activation and synergism among its negative regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayun Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Gondek M, Knysz P, Pomorska-Mól M, Ziomek M, Bień-Kalinowska J. Acute phase protein pattern and antibody response in pigs experimentally infected with a moderate dose of Trichinella spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis. Vet Parasitol 2020; 288:109277. [PMID: 33130498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute-phase protein (APP) response in three groups of pigs experimentally infected with a moderate infective dose, i.e. 1000 muscle larvae (ML) of Trichinella spiralis, 3000 ML of Trichinella britovi, and 2000 ML of Trichinella pseudospiralis. Over a 62-day period of infection, we examined the serum level and kinetics of the haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and pig major acute-phase protein (pig-MAP). In addition, to better understand the immune response of pigs experimentally infected with three different species of Trichinella, the kinetics of IgG and IgM antibodies against excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Trichinella ML were also investigated. In order to assess anti-Trichinella IgG dynamics, we used a commercial and an in-house ELISA based on both heterologous (T. spiralis) and homologous (T. spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis) Trichinella species ES antigens. Among the four APPs analyzed, the concentration of CRP and pig-MAP significantly increased only in T. britovi-infected swine when compared with control pigs. This took place as early as 6 days post-infection (dpi). Hp was the only APP whose concentration significantly increased in pigs infected with T. pseudospiralis, this occurring as late as on day 62 pi. Despite the statistical differences found, increases in pig-MAP, CRP, and Hp levels were rather mild and transitory; none of these proteins were found to be elevated in the serum of all experimental groups of pigs at the same time point after infection. Specific IgG antibodies against ES antigens of Trichinella ML were first detected by the commercial and in-house T. spiralis ML ES-antigen ELISAs on days 30, 36 and 36 pi in pigs experimentally infected with T. spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis, respectively. However, seroconversion in pigs experimentally infected with T. britovi was detected slightly earlier (30 dpi) when the ELISA based on homologous rather than heterologous ES antigens was applied. In serum samples from pigs infected with T. spiralis, statistically significant increases in the level of specific IgM antibodies against T. spiralis ML ES antigens were first detected on day 30 pi and after this time, their concentration began to decrease. No changes in the level of anti-Trichinella IgM were observed in T. britovi- or T. pseudospiralis-infected pigs throughout the entire period of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gondek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Knysz
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Ziomek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Bień-Kalinowska
- The Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
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15
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Grahofer A, Björkman S, Peltoniemi O. Diagnosis of endometritis and cystitis in sows: use of biomarkers. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:S107-S116. [PMID: 32810245 PMCID: PMC7433928 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grahofer
- Clinic for Swine, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Björkman
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - Olli Peltoniemi
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
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16
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Liu H, Wang S, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ji H. Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:120-126. [PMID: 36379222 PMCID: PMC6946981 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) ZPA017 as a probiotic on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. METHODS A total of 94 sows (Large White×Yorkshire, average 4.50 parities) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: control diet and the diet supplemented with P. acidilactici ZPA017 (2.40×109 colony-forming unit/kg of diets). The study started at d 90 of gestation and conducted until d 28 of lactation. RESULTS Compared to sows fed the control diet, supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased the number of weaning piglets, weaning weight of litter and piglets, survival rate of piglets at weaning (p<0.05), and decreased diarrhea rate of piglets in lactation (p<0.05). Dietary P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased fecal Lactobacillus populations (p = 0.030) and reduced fecal Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. Moreover, the supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and total protein (p<0.05), while decreased serum haptoglobin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. CONCLUSION Administration of P. acidilactici ZPA017 in diets during late gestation and lactation had positive effects on the reproductive performance, intestinal microflora balance and immunity of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
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17
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Soler L, García N, Andrés M, Armengol R, Lampreave F, Alava MA, Piñeiro M. Development and validation of an ELISA for the quantification of bovine ITIH4 in serum and milk. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 217:109922. [PMID: 31450165 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inter alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) is a serum protein belonging to the Inter alpha trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family, which was previously characterized by our group as a new APP in cattle. This protein was firstly described in pigs where is known to be a major acute phase protein, also denominated Pig-MAP. Increases of ITIH4 of up to 12 times the pre-infection values were previously reported in the serum of heifers with experimentally induced summer mastitis. ITIH4 was detected in the milk of cows with mastitis by western blot, but the method previously used to quantify this protein, radial immunodiffusion, was not sensitive enough to quantify it in milk samples. In this study we developed an ELISA method which allows the quantification of bovine ITIH4 in serum and milk samples. Previously developed antibodies were used to perform the assay, including anti bovine ITIH4 polyclonal antibodies and a monoclonal antibody against pig ITIH4 that also recognizes the bovine homologous protein. The ELISA developed showed an adequate precision, with inter and intra- assay coefficients of variation lower than 10% for serum and milk samples. The assay keeps linearity under dilution for both serum and milk samples. A good agreement was observed between the values measured by ELISA and radial immunodiffusion in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Soler
- Acuvet Biotech, C/ Bari 25 dpdo, 50197, Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Natalia García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Andrés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Armengol
- Departament de Ciència Animal, ETSEA, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Fermín Lampreave
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María A Alava
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Wellington MO, Htoo JK, Van Kessel AG, Columbus DA. Impact of dietary fiber and immune system stimulation on threonine requirement for protein deposition in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:5222-5232. [PMID: 30321382 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary fiber (DF) and immune system stimulation (ISS) are thought to limit amino acid availability for protein deposition (PD) in growing pigs. A nitrogen-balance study was conducted to determine Thr requirement for optimal PD when DF and ISS were present alone and in combination. A total of 90 barrows (20.5 kg initial BW; SD = 0.75 kg) were randomly assigned to one of 10 dietary treatments (n = 9) in nine blocks. Diets consisted of a low fiber (LF; 12.5% total DF) or high fiber (HF; 18.5% total DF by adding 10% sugar beet pulp and 5% wheat bran to the LF diet) with graded levels of Thr (0.49%, 0.57%, 0.65%, 0.73%, and 0.81% standardized ileal digestible [SID]) fed at 2.2 × maintenance ME requirements. After an 8-d adaptation, two 4-d nitrogen balance collection periods (pre-ISS and ISS) were conducted. ISS was induced by repeated injections (i.m.) of increasing doses of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Blood samples were taken during both periods to assess acute phase proteins and complete blood cell count. Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED with fixed effects of period, Thr, fiber, and their interactions, with block as a random effect. Nitrogen balance was analyzed separately for each period. Threonine requirement was estimated using PROC NLIN quadratic break-point model. Serum concentration of albumin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, whole blood white blood cell, and platelet count were affected by ISS (P < 0.001) confirming successful ISS. During pre-ISS, PD increased linearly (P < 0.01) as Thr concentration in the diet increased, with a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between fiber and Thr. During ISS, PD increased linearly (P < 0.05) as Thr concentration in the diet increased. Quadratic break-point model estimated SID Thr required to maximize PD of pigs fed LF and HF diets during pre-ISS period was 0.68% (R2 = 0.88) and 0.78% (R2 = 0.99), respectively. During ISS, the SID Thr requirement was estimated at 0.76% (R2 = 0.76) for LF diet and 0.72% (R2 = 0.95) for HF fed pigs. HF and ISS independently increased Thr requirement for maximum PD, but these effects were not additive. HF may therefore mask the effects of ISS on Thr requirement for immune response and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Wellington
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Andrew G Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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19
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Zhang DY, Ji HF, Wang SX, Liu H, Wang J, Wang YM. In vitro characterisation of two Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of their suitability as probiotics for growing-finishing pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the probiotic properties of two strains Lactobacillus reuteri ZLR003 and Lactobacillus salivarius ZLS006. The two strains displayed tolerance of acid and heat, and demonstrated antimicrobial ability in vitro. Furthermore, their potential functions in vivo were also tested. A total of 120 crossbred (Landrace × Large White) growing pigs were divided into three groups: a control diet, the same diet supplemented with L. reuteri ZLR003 (2.0 × 109 cfu/kg of diet) or L. salivarius ZLS006 (3.50 × 109 cfu/kg of diet). The results showed that the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in L. reuteri ZLR003- (1–5 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P < 0.05) and L. salivarius ZLS006-treated pigs (1–5 weeks, 6–9 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Dietary supplementation with L. salivarius ZLS006 increased the apparent digestibility of nitrogen at Week 9 (P < 0.05). The faecal Lactobacillus populations increased at the end of experiment, and the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in faeces decreased in the two Lactobacillus treatments compared with the control at Week 5 (P < 0.05) and Week 9 (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the total cholesterol, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, blood urea nitrogen and haptoglobin levels in serum were significantly decreased following L. reuteri ZLR003 and L. salivarius ZLS006 treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that the two Lactobacillus strains may be promising candidates for probiotic products in growing-finishing pigs.
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Wierzchosławski K, Kwit K, Pejsak Z, Pomorska-Mól M. Selected serum acute-phase proteins in peripartum sows and evaluation of their diagnostic usefulness. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 191:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Serum proteome profiling in canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy using TMT-based quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29530679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an unknown aetiology, characterized by reduced contractility and ventricular dilation of the left or both ventricles. Naturally occurring canine iDCM was used herein to identify serum proteomic signature of the disease compared to the healthy state, providing an insight into underlying mechanisms and revealing proteins with biomarker potential. To achieve this, we used high-throughput label-based quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomics approach and bioinformatics analysis of the in silico inferred interactome protein network created from the initial list of differential proteins. To complement the proteomic analysis, serum biochemical parameters and levels of know biomarkers of cardiac function were measured. Several proteins with biomarker potential were identified, such as inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 and apolipoprotein A-IV, which were validated using an independent method (Western blotting) and showed high specificity and sensitivity according to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed involvement of different pathways in iDCM, such as complement cascade activation, lipoprotein particles dynamics, elastic fibre formation, GPCR signalling and respiratory electron transport chain. SIGNIFICANCE Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a severe primary myocardial disease of unknown cause, affecting both humans and dogs. This study is a contribution to the canine heart disease research by means of proteomic and bioinformatic state of the art analyses, following similar approach in human iDCM research. Importantly, we used serum as non-invasive and easily accessible biological source of information and contributed to the scarce data on biofluid proteome research on this topic. Bioinformatics analysis revealed biological pathways modulated in canine iDCM with potential of further targeted research. Also, several proteins with biomarker potential have been identified and successfully validated.
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22
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Hälli O, Haimi-Hakala M, Laurila T, Oliviero C, Viitasaari E, Orro T, Peltoniemi O, Scheinin M, Sirén S, Valros A, Heinonen M. Effect of oral KETOPROFEN treatment in acute respiratory disease outbreaks in finishing pigs. Porcine Health Manag 2018; 4:7. [PMID: 29556413 PMCID: PMC5838944 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-018-0081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with respiratory pathogens can influence production as well as animal welfare. There is an economical and ethical need to treat pigs that suffer from respiratory diseases. Our aim was the evaluation of the possible effects of oral NSAID medication given in feed in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in finishing pigs. The short- and long-term impact of NSAID dosing on clinical signs, daily weight gain, blood parameters and behaviour of growing pigs in herds with acute respiratory infections were evaluated. Four finishing pig farms suffering from acute outbreaks of respiratory disease were visited thrice after outbreak onset (DAY 0, DAY 3 and DAY 30). Pigs with the most severe clinical signs (N = 160) were selected as representative pigs for the herd condition. These pigs were blood sampled, weighed, evaluated clinically and their behaviour was observed. After the first visit, half of the pens (five pigs per pen in four pens totalling 20 representative pigs per herd, altogether 80 pigs in four herds) were treated with oral ketoprofen (target dose 3 mg/kg) mixed in feed for three days and the other half (80 pigs) with a placebo. In three of the herds, some pigs were treated also with antimicrobials, and in one herd the only pharmaceutical treatment was ketoprofen or placebo. Results Compared to the placebo treatment, dosing of ketoprofen reduced sickness behaviour and lowered the rectal temperature of the pigs. Clinical signs, feed intake or blood parameters were not different between the treatment groups. Ketoprofen treatment was associated with somewhat reduced weight gain over the 30-day follow-up period. Concentration analysis of the S- and R-enantiomers of ketoprofen in serum samples collected on DAY 3 indicated successful oral drug administration. Conclusions Ketoprofen mainly influenced the behaviour of the pigs, while it had no effect on recovery from respiratory clinical signs. However, the medication may have been started after the most severe clinical phase of the respiratory disease was over, and this delay might complicate the evaluation of treatment effects. Possible negative impact of ketoprofen on production parameters requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Hälli
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, FI Finland
| | - Minna Haimi-Hakala
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, FI Finland
| | - Tapio Laurila
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, FI Finland
| | - Claudio Oliviero
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, FI Finland
| | - Elina Viitasaari
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, FI Finland
| | - Toomas Orro
- 2Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, EE Estonia
| | - Olli Peltoniemi
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, FI Finland
| | - Mika Scheinin
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, FI Finland
| | - Saija Sirén
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, FI Finland
| | - Anna Valros
- 3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, 00014 Helsinki, FI Finland
| | - Mari Heinonen
- 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, 04920 Saarentaus, FI Finland
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23
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Lu J, Wang Y, Yan M, Feng P, Yuan L, Cai Y, Xia X, Liu M, Luo J, Li L. High serum haptoglobin level is associated with tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41758-41766. [PMID: 27248178 PMCID: PMC5173094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall survival time of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not improved dramatically in recent decades. An important reason is the lacking of valuable biomarkers. Haptoglobin was reported to have activities of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, autoimmune and tumor angiogenesis. However its potential role as a tumor biomarker was not well recognized. We used an immunoturbidimetry method to measure serum haptoglobin levels in 205 NSCLC patients, and 210 normal healthy controls. We found that serum haptoglobin levels were significantly elevated in NSCLC patients compared with normal healthy controls (1.985±1.039 mg/mLvs. 0.922 ± 0.495 mg/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001). Higher serum haptoglobin levels were associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for serum haptoglobin was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.767–0.852) at a specificity of 0.881 and sensitivity of 0.639. The optimal cut-off value of haptoglobin was 1.495 mg/mL for discriminating NSCLC from normal healthy controls. Kaplan-Meier log rank analysis revealed that the higher serum haptoglobin levels group had a poorer overall survival compared with lower haptoglobin group (the median survival was 12.0 weeks, 26.0 weeks, respectively, P < 0.01). Further univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum haptoglobin was an independent risk factor of prognosis of NSCLC patients (P < 0.01, P = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, our study suggests that serum haptoglobin may act as useful clinical serological biomarkers in progression and prognostic evaluation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit and Division of Respiratory Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Miansheng Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinning Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjing Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuesu Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit and Division of Respiratory Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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Shim J, Poulsen CB, Hagensen MK, Larsen T, Heegaard PM, Christoffersen C, Bolund L, Schmidt M, Liu Y, Li J, Li R, Callesen H, Bentzon JF, Sørensen CB. Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Increases Remnant Lipoproteins and Accelerates Progressive Atherosclerosis, But Not Xanthoma Formation, in Gene-Modified Minipigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:591-600. [PMID: 30062172 PMCID: PMC6058916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
APOE-deficient Yucatan minipigs were created by recombinant adeno-associated virus mediated gene targeting in porcine fibroblasts followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. APOE−/− minipigs displayed increased plasma cholesterol and accumulation of APOB48-containing chylomicron remnants on low fat-diet, which was significantly accentuated upon feeding a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. APOE−/− minipigs showed accelerated progressive atherosclerosis but not xanthoma formation indicating that remnant lipoproteinemia does not induce early lesions but is atherogenic in pre-existing atherosclerosis.
Deficiency of apolipoprotein E (APOE) causes familial dysbetalipoproteinemia in humans resulting in a higher risk of atherosclerotic disease. In mice, APOE deficiency results in a severe atherosclerosis phenotype, but it is unknown to what extent this is unique to mice. In this study, APOE was targeted in Yucatan minipigs. APOE−/− minipigs displayed increased plasma cholesterol and accumulation of apolipoprotein B-48–containing chylomicron remnants on low-fat diet, which was significantly accentuated upon feeding a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. APOE−/− minipigs displayed accelerated progressive atherosclerosis but not xanthoma formation. This indicates that remnant lipoproteinemia does not induce early lesions but is atherogenic in pre-existing atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- APOB, apolipoprotein B
- APOE, apolipoprotein E
- HFHC, high-fat high-cholesterol
- IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein
- LAD, left anterior descending (coronary artery)
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LF, low-fat
- Neo, neomycin
- SMC, smooth muscle cell
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- apolipoprotein E
- atherosclerosis
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- pig
- rAAV, recombinant adeno-associated virus
- remnant cholesterol dysbetalipoproteinemia
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Shim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Bo Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette K. Hagensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter M.H. Heegaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob F. Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Jacob F. Bentzon, CNIC, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Charlotte B. Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Dr. Charlotte B. Sørensen, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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25
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Sassu EL, Bossé JT, Tobias TJ, Gottschalk M, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I. Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-knowledge, gaps and challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:72-90. [PMID: 29083117 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine herds in most countries of the world. Pigs affected by peracute and acute disease suffer from severe respiratory distress with high lethality. The agent was first described in 1957 and, since then, knowledge about the pathogen itself, and its interactions with the host, has increased continuously. This is, in part, due to the fact that experimental infections can be studied in the natural host. However, the fact that most commercial pigs are colonized by this pathogen has hampered the applicability of knowledge gained under experimental conditions. In addition, several factors are involved in development of disease, and these have often been studied individually. In a DISCONTOOLS initiative, members from science, industry and clinics exchanged their expertise and empirical observations and identified the major gaps in knowledge. This review sums up published results and expert opinions, within the fields of pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, immune response to infection, as well as the main means of prevention, detection and control. The gaps that still remain to be filled are highlighted, and present as well as future challenges in the control of this disease are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Sassu
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T J Tobias
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bakum, Germany
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26
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Sassu EL, Frömbling J, Duvigneau JC, Miller I, Müllebner A, Gutiérrez AM, Grunert T, Patzl M, Saalmüller A, von Altrock A, Menzel A, Ganter M, Spergser J, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Verspohl J, Ehling-Schulz M, Hennig-Pauka I. Host-pathogen interplay at primary infection sites in pigs challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:64. [PMID: 28245826 PMCID: PMC5329957 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and causes significant losses in the pig industry worldwide. Early host immune response is crucial for further progression of the disease. A. pleuropneumoniae is either rapidly eliminated by the immune system or switches to a long-term persistent form. To gain insight into the host-pathogen interaction during the early stages of infection, pigs were inoculated intratracheally with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 and humanely euthanized eight hours after infection. Gene expression studies of inflammatory cytokines and the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein were carried out by RT-qPCR from the lung, liver, tonsils and salivary gland. In addition, the concentration of cytokines and acute phase proteins were measured by quantitative immunoassays in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum and saliva. In parallel to the analyses of host response, the impact of the host on the bacterial pathogen was assessed on a metabolic level. For the latter, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR-) spectroscopy was employed. Results Significant cytokine and acute phase protein gene expression was detected in the lung and the salivary gland however this was not observed in the tonsils. In parallel to the analyses of host response, the impact of the host on the bacterial pathogen was assessed on a metabolic level. For the latter investigations, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR-) spectroscopy was employed. The bacteria isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract showed distinct IR spectral patterns reflecting the organ-specific acute phase response of the host. Conclusions In summary, this study implies a metabolic adaptation of A. pleuropneumoniae to the porcine upper respiratory tract already during early infection, which might indicate a first step towards the persistence of A. pleuropneumoniae. Not only in lung, but also in the salivary gland an increased inflammatory gene expression was detectable during the acute stage of infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0979-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Müllebner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana M Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tom Grunert
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Patzl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Menzel
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jutta Verspohl
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Sassu EL, Ladinig A, Talker SC, Stadler M, Knecht C, Stein H, Frömbling J, Richter B, Spergser J, Ehling-Schulz M, Graage R, Hennig-Pauka I, Gerner W. Frequency of Th17 cells correlates with the presence of lung lesions in pigs chronically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Res 2017; 48:4. [PMID: 28166835 PMCID: PMC5294905 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) remains one of the major causes of poor growth performance and respiratory disease in pig herds. While the role of antibodies against APP has been intensely studied, the porcine T cell response remains poorly characterized. To address this, pigs were intranasally infected with APP serotype 2 and euthanized during the acute phase [6-10 days post-infection (dpi)] or the chronic phase of APP infection (27-31 dpi). Lymphocytes isolated from blood, tonsils, lung tissue and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for IL-17A, IL-10 and TNF-α production after in vitro stimulation with crude capsular extract (CCE) of the APP inoculation strain. This was combined with cell surface staining for the expression of CD4, CD8α and TCR-γδ. Clinical records, microbiological investigations and pathological findings confirmed the induction of a subclinical APP infection. ICS-assays revealed the presence of APP-CCE specific CD4+CD8αdim IL-17A-producing T cells in blood and lung tissue in most infected animals during the acute and chronic phase of infection and a minor fraction of these cells co-produced TNF-α. APP-CCE specific IL-17A-producing γδ T cells could not be found and APP-CCE specific IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells were present in various organs but only in a few infected animals. The frequency of identified putative Th17 cells (CD4+CD8αdimIL-17A+) in lung and blood correlated positively with lung lesion scores and APP-specific antibody titers during the chronic phase. These results suggest a potential role of Th17 cells in the immune pathogenesis of APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Stein
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Graage
- Division of Swine Medicine, Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Influence of the inflammatory status of entire male pigs on their pubertal development and fat androstenone. Animal 2016; 11:1071-1077. [PMID: 27832828 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Androstenone production increases during pubertal development and plays a major role in boar taint. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a subclinical inflammation on the pubertal development of boars and hence on fat androstenone. Contrasted hygiene conditions were applied during rearing to increase the variability of the inflammatory status. Boars from a commercial cross line were allocated at 139±0.9 days of age (Day 0) and 81.3±5.9 kg of live weight either to Good (n=61) or Poor (n=54) hygiene conditions until slaughter at 172.9±4.8 days of age and 116.7±4.5 kg live weight. Inflammatory status, growth and pubertal development were evaluated on Day 0, Day 27 and at slaughter by analysing the blood formula, plasma inflammatory proteins; testosterone and oestradiol, salivary cortisol, rectal temperature, live weight, back fat thickness, weight of reproductive organs and clinical scores of organs (lungs, stomach, snout). Fat was collected on Day 27 by biopsy and at slaughter to measure androstenone concentration. A principal component analysis including inflammatory indicators followed by a clustering procedure was performed to identify pigs with a high (Infl+, n=50) or a low (Infl-, n=65) inflammatory status. Infl+ pigs had more granulocytes/ml, higher concentrations of haptoglobin, C-reative protein and cortisol (P<0.05), lower growth rate and higher lung pneumonia score. However, regardless of stage, the inflammatory status had no significant effect on plasma testosterone or oestradiol, fat androstenone or sexual organ development. Present data suggest that a mild inflammatory status has no influence on pubertal development or fat concentration of androstenone in boars.
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29
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Hesselager MO, Codrea MC, Sun Z, Deutsch EW, Bennike TB, Stensballe A, Bundgaard L, Moritz RL, Bendixen E. The Pig PeptideAtlas: A resource for systems biology in animal production and biomedicine. Proteomics 2016; 16:634-44. [PMID: 26699206 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological research of Sus scrofa, the domestic pig, is of immediate relevance for food production sciences, and for developing pig as a model organism for human biomedical research. Publicly available data repositories play a fundamental role for all biological sciences, and protein data repositories are in particular essential for the successful development of new proteomic methods. Cumulative proteome data repositories, including the PeptideAtlas, provide the means for targeted proteomics, system-wide observations, and cross-species observational studies, but pigs have so far been underrepresented in existing repositories. We here present a significantly improved build of the Pig PeptideAtlas, which includes pig proteome data from 25 tissues and three body fluid types mapped to 7139 canonical proteins. The content of the Pig PeptideAtlas reflects actively ongoing research within the veterinary proteomics domain, and this article demonstrates how the expression of isoform-unique peptides can be observed across distinct tissues and body fluids. The Pig PeptideAtlas is a unique resource for use in animal proteome research, particularly biomarker discovery and for preliminary design of SRM assays, which are equally important for progress in research that supports farm animal production and veterinary health, as for developing pig models with relevance to human health research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marius C Codrea
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tue B Bennike
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Bundgaard
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Emøke Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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van der Meer Y, Lammers A, Jansman AJM, Rijnen MMJA, Hendriks WH, Gerrits WJJ. Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4704-4719. [PMID: 27898965 PMCID: PMC7199661 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that requirements for particular AA increase when pigs are kept under low sanitary conditions. The extent to which reduction in growth performance is related to these increased requirements is unclear. To evaluate this relationship, an experiment (2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) was performed with 612 male pigs (9 per pen) kept under low sanitary conditions (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) and offered ad libitum access to either a normal CP concentration diet (NP; 17, 15, and 15% CP for the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively) or a low CP concentration diet (LP; 20% CP reduced relative to NP for each phase), each of which containing a basal AA profile (AA-B) or a supplemented AA profile (AA-S). The supplemented diet type contained 20% more Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys on an apparent ileal digestible basis compared with the basal diet type. Pigs were followed for a complete fattening period and slaughtered at a targeted pen weight of 110 kg. Haptoglobin concentrations in serum (0.92 g/L for LSC and 0.78 g/L for HSC) and IgG antibody titers against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (3.53 for LSC and 3.08 for HSC) collected in the starter, grower, and finisher phases and pleuritis scores at slaughter (0.51 for LSC and 0.20 for HSC) were greater for LSC pigs compared with HSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01), illustrating that sanitary conditions affected health conditions. The ADG and G:F were greater for HSC pigs compared with LSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01). The number of white blood cells (WBC) was higher in (AA-S)-fed pigs compared with (AA-B)-fed pigs when kept at LSC but not at HSC [SS (sanitary conditions) × AA interaction, = 0.04]. Pigs fed NP had a lower number of WBC compared with pigs fed LP ( = 0.02). The number of platelets in pigs fed AA-S diets was higher compared with pigs fed AA-B diets ( ≤ 0.01). A 20% reduction in dietary supplementation of Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys decreased G:F more in LSC pigs than in HSC pigs (interaction, = 0.03), illustrating that dietary requirements for these AA differ depending on sanitary conditions. This study, performed under practical conditions, shows that AA requirements are dependent on sanitary conditions. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with particular AA may improve performance, especially under poor hygienic conditions. Dietary protein concentration as well as Met, Thr, and Trp supplementation can modify immune status, which may influence resistance to subclinical and clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. van der Meer
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
- De Heus Animal Nutrition, Ede, 6717 VE, the Netherlands
| | - A. Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | - A. J. M. Jansman
- Wageningen UR, Livestock Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | | | - W. H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
| | - W. J. J. Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WD, the Netherlands
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31
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Soler L, García N, Unzueta A, Piñeiro M, Álava M, Lampreave F. Purification and determination of C-reactive protein and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 in dogs after major surgery through generation of specific antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Parois SP, Prunier A, Mercat MJ, Merlot E, Larzul C. Genetic relationships between measures of sexual development, boar taint, health, and aggressiveness in pigs. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3749-58. [PMID: 26440153 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding intact boars is a promising alternative to surgical castration of piglets. Genetic selection should enable farmers to solve problems due to boar taint and aggressiveness while taking into account potential consequences on other traits of interest. The aim of the study was to estimate genetic relations between sexual development, boar taint, health, and aggressiveness. About 1,600 Pietrain (purebred) or Pietrain × Large White (crossbred) boars were raised in a testing station. Blood samples were collected at about 105 kg BW for measuring sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol) and indicators of the inflammatory status (C-reactive protein [CRP], pig major acute-phase protein [pigMAP], and blood formula). Animals were slaughtered 9 d later and measured for boar taint compounds present in fat (androstenone and skatole) and skin lesions on carcass, an indicator of aggressiveness. For both genetic types, heritability was moderate for sex hormones (from 0.17 to 0.29) and skatole (0.24 for purebred and 0.37 for crossbred) and high for androstenone (0.63 and 0.70 for purebred and crossbred, respectively). Genetic correlations between sex hormones and boar taint compounds were moderate to high (from 0.31 to 0.95). Heritability was moderate for CRP (0.24 and 0.46 for purebred and crossbred, respectively) and very low for pigMAP (0.06 and 0.05 for purebred and crossbred, respectively. Numbers of leukocytes had moderate to high heritabilities according to the genetic type (from 0.21 to 0.52). Heritability of skin lesions was moderate for both genetic types (0.31). Genetic correlations were negative between sex hormones and inflammatory measures (from -0.46 to -0.05), positive between testosterone and number of lesions (0.43 and 0.53 for purebred and crossbred, respectively), and low between androstenone and lesions (-0.06 and -0.17 for purebred and crossbred, respectively). Overall, both breeds of pigs had very similar estimations of heritabilities, but estimates of genetic correlations were different for some pairs of traits. It would be possible to select boars based on their plasma concentration of sex hormones to decrease boar taint and aggressiveness without important consequences on the immune response. However, because of the strong links between boar taint and reproductive function, the possible consequences on the reproductive performance should be evaluated.
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33
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Intermittent Suckling Causes a Transient Increase in Cortisol That Does Not Appear to Compromise Selected Measures of Piglet Welfare and Stress. Animals (Basel) 2016; 6:ani6030024. [PMID: 26999224 PMCID: PMC4810052 DOI: 10.3390/ani6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study assessed the effects intermittent suckling (IS) had on physiological and behavioral indices of piglets before and after weaning. Piglets were allocated to either a control treatment (conventional weaning) or an IS treatment (separation from the sow for 8 h per day starting the week before weaning). Apart from an initial peak in cortisol at the start of IS, piglets subjected to IS did not show physiological changes suggestive of a chronic stress response before and after weaning. The event of weaning still caused a decrease in growth rate and an increase in white blood cell parameters in both treatment groups. However, the IS piglets tended to gain more weight in the second half of the week after weaning. The results of this study suggest that short periods of separation (e.g., 8 h/day) do not appear to compromise piglet welfare over the peri-weaning period. Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that piglets subjected to intermittent suckling (IS) would show changes in physiological and behavioral indices indicative of compromised welfare in the peri-weaning period. A total of 21 primiparous sows and their litters were allocated to either a control treatment (n = 10) where piglets were weaned conventionally, or an IS treatment (n = 11) where piglets were separated daily from their sows for 8 h starting the week before weaning. Performance, physiological and behavioral measures were taken at various time points during the week before and after weaning. Plasma cortisol levels were higher (p = 0.01) in IS piglets 7 d before weaning. Regardless of treatment, the N:L ratio at 3 d and 7 d after weaning was higher (p < 0.05) than that at 1 d before weaning. The IS piglets ate more creep feed during lactation (p < 0.05), and there was a tendency for the IS piglets to gain more weight between 3 d and 7 d after weaning (p < 0.1). This study showed that, aside from an increase in cortisol at the start of IS, piglets subjected to IS did not display physiological or behavioral changes indicative of compromised welfare.
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Wyns H, Meyer E, Plessers E, Watteyn A, van Bergen T, Schauvliege S, De Baere S, Devreese M, De Backer P, Croubels S. Modulation by gamithromycin and ketoprofen of in vitro and in vivo porcine lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:211-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Saco Y, Martínez-Lobo F, Cortey M, Pato R, Peña R, Segalés J, Prieto C, Bassols A. C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and Pig-Major acute phase protein profiles of pigs infected experimentally by different isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2015; 183:9-15. [PMID: 26790929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) is the etiologic agent of PRRS, one of the most important diseases in swine worldwide. In the present work, the effects of different PRRSV strains were tested on a piglet experimental model to study the induced acute phase response. For this purpose, pigs (n=15 for each group) were intranasally inoculated with one of five PRRSV strains (isolates EU10, 12, 17, 18 from genotype 1 and isolate JA-142 from genotype 2). The acute phase response was monitored by measuring acute phase proteins (APPs). Specifically, the serum concentration of haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Pig-Major Acute Protein (Pig-MAP) was determined at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days p.i. Clinical signs and growth performance were also monitored during the experiment. All animals became viremic after inoculation during the study period. The APP response was heterogeneous and dependent on the strain, being strains EU10, EU 18 and JA-142 those that induced the highest response and the strongest clinical signs. In general, Hp was the most sensitive biomarker for PRRSV infection, CRP behaved as moderate and Pig-MAP was the less responsive during the course of PRRSV experimental infection. Hp and CRP were significantly discriminatory between infected and control pigs, but not Pig-MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - F Martínez-Lobo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cortey
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK
| | - R Pato
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - R Peña
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - J Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - C Prieto
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain.
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Gessner DK, Gröne B, Couturier A, Rosenbaum S, Hillen S, Becker S, Erhardt G, Reiner G, Ringseis R, Eder K. Dietary Fish Oil Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory and ER Stress Signalling Pathways in the Liver of Sows during Lactation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137684. [PMID: 26351857 PMCID: PMC4564272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactating sows have been shown to develop typical signs of an inflammatory condition in the liver during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Hepatic inflammation is considered critical due to the induction of an acute phase response and the activation of stress signaling pathways like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR), both of which impair animal's health and performance. Whether ER stress-induced UPR is also activated in the liver of lactating sows and whether dietary fish oil as a source of anti-inflammatory effects n-3 PUFA is able to attenuate hepatic inflammation and ER stress-induced UPR in the liver of sows is currently unknown. Based on this, two experiments with lactating sows were performed. The first experiment revealed that ER stress-induced UPR occurs also in the liver of sows during lactation. This was evident from the up-regulation of a set of genes regulated by the UPR and numerically increased phosphorylation of the ER stress-transducer PERK and PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α and IκB. The second experiment showed that fish oil inhibits ER stress-induced UPR in the liver of lactating sows. This was demonstrated by decreased mRNA levels of a number of UPR-regulated genes and reduced phosphorylation of PERK and PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α and IκB in the liver of the fish oil group. The mRNA levels of various nuclear factor-κB-regulated genes encoding inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins in the liver of lactating sows were also reduced in the fish oil group. In line with this, the plasma levels of acute phase proteins were reduced in the fish oil group, although differences to the control group were not significant. In conclusion, ER stress-induced UPR is present in the liver of lactating sows and fish oil is able to inhibit inflammatory signaling pathways and ER stress-induced UPR in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Birthe Gröne
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Couturier
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susann Rosenbaum
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sonja Hillen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Becker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georg Erhardt
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 21b, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Effects of Lactobacillus brevis preparation on growth performance, fecal microflora and serum profile in weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pomorska-Mól M, Markowska-Daniel I, Kwit K, Stępniewska K, Pejsak Z. Profile of the porcine acute-phase proteins response following experimental co-infection with H3N2 swine influenza virus and Pasteurella multocida. Biomarkers 2015; 20:189-95. [PMID: 26161700 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1061600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute phase proteins (APPs) are proposed as potential markers of the health status in pigs. OBJECTIVE Circulating APPs in pigs co-infected with swine influenza virus and Pasteurella multocida. METHODS Serum APPs were measured in co-infected and control pigs with the use of commercial ELISA tests. RESULTS All investigated APPs revealed significant changes in co-infected pigs during the study period. The concentration of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) increased significantly at 2 dpi, before respiratory signs and fever were observed. Concentration of Pig-MAP increased significantly at 3 dpi. C-reactive protein and SAA reaction were rapid but short-lived. The concentration of Hp and Pig-MAP in serum also increased at very early stage of co-infection but remained elevated for a longer period of time. CONCLUSIONS Maximal concentration of serum amyloid A correlated with the disease severity in pigs.
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Wyns H, Plessers E, De Backer P, Meyer E, Croubels S. In vivo porcine lipopolysaccharide inflammation models to study immunomodulation of drugs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 166:58-69. [PMID: 26099806 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a structural part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the most effective stimulators of the immune system and has been widely applied in pigs as an experimental model for bacterial infection. For this purpose, a variety of Escherichia coli serotypes, LPS doses, routes and duration of administration have been used. LPS administration induces the acute phase response (APR) and is associated with dramatic hemodynamic, clinical and behavioral changes in pigs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are involved in the induction of the eicosanoid pathway and the hepatic production of acute phase proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp) and pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) play a major role in the development of fever and pulmonary hypertension in LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The LPS-induced APR can be modulated by drugs. Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ((N)SAIDs) possess anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties through (non)-selective central and peripheral cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. Antimicrobial drugs, especially macrolide antibiotics, which are commonly used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases, have been recurrently reported to exert clinically important immunomodulatory effects in human and murine research. To investigate the influence of these drugs on the clinical response, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins (APP) and the course of the febrile response in pigs, in vivo LPS inflammation models can be applied. Yet, to date, in vivo research on the immunomodulatory properties of antimicrobial drugs in these models in pigs is largely lacking. This review provides acritical overview of the use of in vivo porcine E. coli LPS inflammation models for the study of the APR, as well as the potential immunomodulatory properties of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wyns
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - E Plessers
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P De Backer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Abstract
Social conflict is mostly studied in relation to aggression. A more integral approach, including aggressive and affiliative behaviour as well as physiology, may however give a better understanding of the animals' experience during social conflict. The experience of social conflict may also be reflected in the spatial distribution between conspecifics. The objective was to assess the relationship between behaviour, physiology, and spatial integration in pigs (Sus scrofa) during social conflict. Hereto, 64 groups of pigs (9 wk of age) were studied in a 24 h regrouping test whereby pairs of familiar pigs were grouped with 2 unfamiliar pairs, in either barren or straw-enriched housing. Data on aggressive and affiliative behaviour, skin lesions, body weight, and haptoglobin could be summarized into three principal component analysis factors. These three factors were analysed in relation to spatial integration, i.e. inter-individual distances and lying in body contact. Pigs stayed up to 24 h after encounter in closer proximity to the familiar pig than to unfamiliar pigs. Pigs with a high factor 1 score were more inactive, gave little social nosing, had many skin lesions and a high body weight. They tended to space further away from the familiar pig (b = 1.9 cm; P = 0.08) and unfamiliar ones (b = 0.7 cm; P = 0.05). Pigs that were involved in much aggression (factor 2), and that had a strong increase in haptoglobin (factor 3), tended to be relatively most far away from unfamiliar pigs (b = 0.03 times further; P = 0.08). Results on lying in body contact were coherent with results on distances. Pigs in enriched housing spaced further apart than pigs in barren housing (P<0.001). The combined analysis of measures revealed animals that may either promote or slow down group cohesion, which may not have become clear from single parameters. This emphasizes the importance of an integral approach to social conflict.
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Pomorska-Mól M, Kwit K, Pejsak Z, Markowska-Daniel I. Analysis of the acute-phase protein response in pigs to clinical and subclinical infection with H3N2 swine influenza virus. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2014; 8:228-34. [PMID: 24734294 PMCID: PMC4186471 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine influenza (SI) is a contagious, important respiratory disease. Diagnosis of SI is based on the clinical signs, confirmed by the detection of viral RNA or specific antibodies. However, the infection is much more frequent than the disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of study was to investigate the kinetics of acute-phase protein (APP) response during subclinical and clinical influenza in pigs. The utility of APP measurements in identification of infected animals was also evaluated. METHODS Twenty-eight piglets were used. C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and pig major acute-phase protein (Pig-MAP) concentrations in serum were measured using commercial ELISAs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS No relevant clinical signs were observed in intranasally infected pigs. In contrast, coughing, nasal discharge, and fever were observed in pigs infected intratracheally. All infected pigs exhibited specific antibodies in the serum at 10 dpi, and viral shedding was confirmed. The concentrations of CRP, Hp and SAA were significantly increased after infection. The level of Pig-MAP remained constant during subclinical and clinical infection. The concentrations of CRP, Hp and SAA were higher in pigs with clinical disease. Although not specific, strategic APP measurements may reveal ongoing clinical and subclinical infection. A close relationship between the magnitude of serum APP response with the severity of disease, providing an objective tool for validation the severity of infection. The maximum concentration of SAA in serum was closely correlated with lung score and makes this APP potential indicator for disease progress or estimation of treatment strategy.
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Kim HB, Singer RS, Borewicz K, White BA, Sreevatsan S, Johnson TJ, Espejo LA, Isaacson RE. Effects of tylosin administration on C-reactive protein concentration and carriage of Salmonella enterica in pigs. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:460-7. [PMID: 24762018 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.5.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of tylosin on C-reactive protein concentration, carriage of Salmonella enterica, and antimicrobial resistance genes in commercial pigs. ANIMALS 120 pigs on 2 commercial farms. PROCEDURES A cohort of sixty 10-week-old pigs in 4 pens/farm (15 pigs/pen) was randomly selected. Equal numbers of pigs were given feed containing tylosin (40 μg/g of feed) for 0, 6, or 12 weeks. C-reactive protein concentrations were measured, microbial culture for S enterica in feces was performed, and antimicrobial resistance genes in feces were quantified. RESULTS No significant associations were detected between C-reactive protein concentration or S enterica status and tylosin treatment. During the 12 weeks of tylosin administration, increased levels of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes did not occur. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Treatment of pigs with tylosin did not affect C-reactive protein concentration or reduce carriage or load of S enterica. There was no evidence that pigs receiving tylosin had increased carriage of the 6 antimicrobial resistance genes measured. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE S enterica is a public health concern. Use of the antimicrobial growth promoter tylosin did not pose a public health risk by means of increased carriage of S enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
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Bassols A, Costa C, Eckersall PD, Osada J, Sabrià J, Tibau J. The pig as an animal model for human pathologies: A proteomics perspective. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:715-31. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Cristina Costa
- New Therapies of Genes and Transplants Group; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - P. David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; CIBEROBN; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Josefa Sabrià
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Medicina; Institut de Neurociències (INc); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Joan Tibau
- IRTA - Food Technology; Animal Genetics Program; Finca Camps i Armet; Monells Spain
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Infection dynamics and acute phase response of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolate of moderate virulence in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kantas D, Papatsiros VG, Tassis PD, Athanasiou LV, Tzika ED. The effect of a natural feed additive (Macleaya cordata), containing sanguinarine, on the performance and health status of weaning pigs. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:92-8. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kantas
- Department of Animal Production; Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis D. Tassis
- Clinic of Farm Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Labrini V. Athanasiou
- Clinic of Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; Karditsa Greece
| | - Eleni D. Tzika
- Clinic of Farm Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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Mair KH, Sedlak C, Käser T, Pasternak A, Levast B, Gerner W, Saalmüller A, Summerfield A, Gerdts V, Wilson HL, Meurens F. The porcine innate immune system: an update. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:321-43. [PMID: 24709051 PMCID: PMC7103209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in biomedical research. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of their anatomy, genetics, and physiology, and often are the model of choice for the assessment of novel vaccines and therapeutics in a preclinical stage. However, the pig as a model has much more to offer, and can serve as a model for many biomedical applications including aging research, medical imaging, and pharmaceutical studies to name a few. In this review, we will provide an overview of the innate immune system in pigs, describe its anatomical and physiological key features, and discuss the key players involved. In particular, we compare the porcine innate immune system to that of humans, and emphasize on the importance of the pig as model for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Sedlak
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Käser
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - A Pasternak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B Levast
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - V Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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EFFECTS OF RANAVIRUS INFECTION OF RED-EARED SLIDERS (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS) ON PLASMA PROTEINS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2014; 45:298-305. [DOI: 10.1638/2013-0147r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Marco-Ramell A, Miller I, Nöbauer K, Möginger U, Segalés J, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Kolarich D, Bassols A. Proteomics on porcine haptoglobin and IgG/IgA show protein species distribution and glycosylation pattern to remain similar in PCV2-SD infection. J Proteomics 2014; 101:205-16. [PMID: 24576640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Haptoglobin (Hp) and immunoglobulins are plasma glycoproteins involved in the immune reaction of the organism after infection and/or inflammation. Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a globally spread pig disease of great economic impact. PCV2-SD affects the immunological system of pigs causing immunosuppression. The aim of this work was to characterize the Hp protein species of healthy and PCV2-SD affected pigs, as well as the protein backbone and the glycan chain composition of porcine Hp. PCV2-SD affected pigs had an increased overall Hp level, but it did not affect the ratio between Hp species. Glycoproteomic analysis of the Hp β subunits confirmed that porcine Hp is N-glycosylated and, unexpectedly, O-glycosylated, a PTM that is not found on Hp from healthy humans. The glyco-profile of porcine IgG and IgA heavy chains was also characterized; decreased levels of both proteins were found in the investigated group of PCV2-SD affected pigs. Obtained results indicate that no significant changes in the N- and O-glycosylation patterns of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins were detectable between healthy and PCV2-SD affected animals. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PCV2-SD is a disease of great economic importance for pig production, characterized by a complex response of the immune system. In the search of a better diagnostic/prognostic marker for porcine PCV2-SD, extensive analyses of the Hp protein backbone and the glycan chains were thoroughly analyzed by various techniques. This resulted in detection and confirmation of Hp O-glycosylation and the glyco-profiling of porcine IgG and IgA. The N- and O-glycosylation of these major porcine plasma glycoproteins appears to be not affected by PCV2-SD infection. Interestingly, these data suggest that this viral infection, which significantly affects the immune responses of the host, leaves the biosynthetic glycosylation processes in the liver and immune cells unaffected. Lack of PTM changes is in contrast to findings in humans where for both proteins pattern changes have been reported in several chronic and inflammatory diseases. This underlines the importance of studying species in detail and not reaching to conclusions by analogy. Furthermore, since Hp is usually quantified by immunoassays in clinical routine analyses, our findings indicate that no bias in Hp determination capabilities due to an altered carbohydrate pattern is to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marco-Ramell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Uwe Möginger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Kolarich
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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49
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Humann-Ziehank E, Menzel A, Roehrig P, Schwert B, Ganter M, Hennig-Pauka I. Acute and subacute response of iron, zinc, copper and selenium in pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Metallomics 2014; 6:1869-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental bacterial lung infection affects trace elements in blood and liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Humann-Ziehank
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Menzel
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Roehrig
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara Schwert
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine
- Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
- 1210 Wien, Austria
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50
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Piñeiro M, Morales J, Vizcaíno E, Murillo JA, Klauke T, Petersen B, Piñeiro C. The use of acute phase proteins for monitoring animal health and welfare in the pig production chain: The validation of an immunochromatographic method for the detection of elevated levels of pig-MAP. Meat Sci 2013; 95:712-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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