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Muñoz-Jurado A, Escribano BM, Galván A, Valdelvira ME, Caballero-Villarraso J, Giraldo AI, Santamaría A, Luque E, Agüera E, LaTorre M, Túnez I. Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109497. [PMID: 37875228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease, whose etiology is not yet fully understood, although there are several factors that can increase the chances of suffering from it. These factors include nutrition, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In relation to nutrition, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), has emerged as an important player in the regulation of neuroinflammation, being considered a pleiotropic molecule. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DHA supplementation on clinical state and oxidative stress produced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Twenty-five Dark Agouti rats which were used divided into Control Group, Control+Vehicle Group, Control+DHA Group, EAE Group, and EAE+DHA Group. DHA was administered for 51 days by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at a dose of 40 mg/kg, once a day, 5 days a week. DHA supplementation produced a decrease in oxidative stress, as well as an improvement in the clinical score of the disease. DHA could exert a beneficial effect on the clinic of MS, through the activation of the antioxidant factor Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Alberto Galván
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel E Valdelvira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Analysis Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Giraldo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of exciting amino acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM), Madrid, Spain.
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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Reza-Zaldívar E, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Comprehensive Review of Nutraceuticals against Cognitive Decline Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35499-35522. [PMID: 37810693 PMCID: PMC10552500 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nutraceuticals are being incorporated into functional foods or used as supplements with nonpharmacological approaches in the prevention and management of several illnesses, including age-related conditions and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Nutraceuticals are apt for preventing and treating such disorders because of their nontoxic, non-habit-forming, and efficient bioactivities for promoting neurological well-being due to their ability to influence cellular processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death modulation, and neuronal survival. The capacity of nutraceuticals to modify all of these processes reveals the potential to develop food-based strategies to aid brain development and enhance brain function, prevent and ameliorate neurodegeneration, and possibly reverse the cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer's disease, the most predominant form of dementia in the elderly. The current review summarizes the experimental evidence of the neuroprotective capacity of nutraceuticals against Alzheimer's disease, describing their mechanisms of action and the in vitro and in vivo models applied to evaluate their neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin
E. Reza-Zaldívar
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería
y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, C. 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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Palimariciuc M, Balmus IM, Gireadă B, Ciobica A, Chiriță R, Iordache AC, Apostu M, Dobrin RP. The Quest for Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment-Focusing on Alzheimer's Disease Personalised Diets. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1519-1535. [PMID: 36826043 PMCID: PMC9955192 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia represents a clinical syndrome characterised by progressive decline in memory, language, visuospatial and executive function, personality, and behaviour, causing loss of abilities to perform instrumental or essential activities of daily living. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which accounts for up to 80% of all dementia cases. Despite that extensive studies regarding the etiology and risk factors have been performed in recent decades, and how the current knowledge about AD pathophysiology significantly improved with the recent advances in science and technology, little is still known about its treatment options. In this controverted context, a nutritional approach could be a promising way to formulate improved AD management strategies and to further analyse possible treatment strategy options based on personalised diets, as Nutritional Psychiatry is currently gaining relevance in neuropsychiatric disease treatment. Based on the current knowledge of AD pathophysiology, as well as based on the repeatedly documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of different functional foods, we aimed to find, describe, and correlate several dietary compounds that could be useful in formulating a nutritional approach in AD management. We performed a screening for relevant studies on the main scientific databases using keywords such as "Alzheimer's disease", "dementia", "treatment", "medication", "treatment alternatives", "vitamin E", "nutrition", "selenium", "Ginkgo biloba", "antioxidants", "medicinal plants", and "traditional medicine" in combinations. Results: nutrients could be a key component in the physiologic and anatomic development of the brain. Several nutrients have been studied in the pursuit of the mechanism triggered by the pathology of AD: vitamin D, fatty acids, selenium, as well as neuroprotective plant extracts (i.e., Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Curcuma longa), suggesting that the nutritional patterns could modulate the cognitive status and provide neuroprotection. The multifactorial origin of AD development and progression could suggest that nutrition could greatly contribute to the complex pathological picture. The identification of adequate nutritional interventions and the not yet fully understood nutrient activity in AD could be the next steps in finding several innovative treatment options for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matei Palimariciuc
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Gireadă
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, B dul Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Roxana Chiriță
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin-Constantin Iordache
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Strada, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Apostu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo Petru Dobrin
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
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Fish consumption and the risk of dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114889. [PMID: 36257206 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports some health benefits of nutrients in fish, but evidence from comprehensive investigation of fish consumption and the risk of dementia is limited. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to investigate this association. Papers relevant to our study published by 2021 were searched using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases. Pooled relative risks (RRs) of the association between fish consumption and dementia risk were calculated using a random-effects model. Seven prospective cohort studies with a total of 30,638 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, people with high fish consumption had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared to those with low fish consumption. In addition, the dose-response meta-analysis also supported the inverse association. The inverse association tended to be stronger in studies conducted in Asia. The findings of the meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies provide quantitative evidence for an inverse association between fish consumption and the risk of dementia. Further research on consumption of specific types of fish with respect to the risk of dementia are needed to provide more informative recommendations to the public.
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Curcumin and Quercetin-Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers: Development of Omega-3 Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsions for Intranasal Administration. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071073. [PMID: 35407191 PMCID: PMC9000715 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QU) are potential compounds for treatment of brain diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (ND) because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, low water solubility and poor bioavailability hinder their clinical use. In this context, nanotechnology arises as a strategy to overcome biopharmaceutical issues. In this work, we develop, characterize, compare, and optimize three different omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids nanoemulsions (NEs) loaded with CUR and QU (negative, cationic, gelling) prepared by two different methods for administration by intranasal route (IN). The results showed that formulations prepared with the two proposed methods exhibited good stability and were able to incorporate a similar amount of CUR and QU. On the other side, differences in size, zeta potential, in vitro release kinetics, and permeation/retention test were observed. Considering the two preparation methods tested, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) shows advantages, and the CQ NE- obtained demonstrated potential for sustained release. Toxicity studies demonstrated that the formulations were not toxic for Caenorhabditis elegans. The developed ω-3 fatty acid NEs have shown a range of interesting properties for the treatment of brain diseases, since they have the potential to increase the nose-to-brain permeation of CUR and QU, enabling enhanced treatments efficiency.
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Effects of a Nutritional Supplement (DìRelaxTM) on Anxiety in Dogs in a Randomized Control Trial Design. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040435. [PMID: 35203143 PMCID: PMC8868118 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effects of a nutraceutical product, DìRelaxTM, were tested in a cohort of anxious dogs by the C-BARQ questionnaire to assess the presence of problematic behaviors, and by the impossible task paradigm, an experimental procedure to explore dogs’ cognitive performance following an expectancy frustration. Hematological and biochemical analyses showed no adverse effects. The treatment with DìRelaxTM showed a positive effect on the dog’s performances, with some of the behaviors appearing improved. The results suggested that DiRelaxTM may have some ameliorative effect on the cognitive performances of anxious dogs. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of DìRelaxTM, a nutraceutical formulated to reduce anxiety in dogs, using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. The C-BARQ questionnaire, some clinical investigations, and the impossible task test were performed in dogs before and after treatment. The C-BARQ questionnaire is particularly useful for assessing the frequency and severity of problematic behaviors. The impossible task paradigm provides insight into the decision-making processes in the realm of expectancy frustration. Results showed an ameliorative effect on the performances of treated dogs during the solvable phases, with a significant decrease in the time needed to solve the task. No behavioral difference was found between treated and untreated anxious dogs during the unsolvable phase. According to the results from the C-BARQ questionnaire, some of the behaviors appeared to improve. Clinical investigations, including a complete blood cell count and blood chemistry, showed no difference between groups, thus suggesting the safety of the product. In general, this study suggests that DìRelaxTM can be safely administered with no adverse effects and can exercise a beneficial effect on anxious dogs by enhancing their cognitive abilities, but further studies should investigate the best method of administration.
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Yoshinaga K, Usami Y, Yoshinaga-Kiriake A, Shikano H, Taira S, Nagasaka R, Tanaka S, Gotoh N. Visualization of dietary docosahexaenoic acid in whole-body zebrafish using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108897. [PMID: 34748923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish models have been developed for several studies involving lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases. In the present study, the migration of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in whole-body zebrafish was estimated by stable-isotope tracer and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Administration of 1-13C-2,2-D2-labeled DHA ((+3)DHA) ethyl ester to male zebrafish was conducted to evaluate its accumulation, migration, and distribution in the body. The (+3)DHA content in the body of zebrafish after administering (+3)DHA for 10 and 15 d was significantly higher than that in the control group. (+3)DHA was observed as a constituent of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the intestine of zebrafish that were administered (+3)DHA for 5 and 10 d. (+3)DHA-containing PC tended to accumulate in the intestines of zebrafish administered (+3)DHA for 1 d, indicating that recombination of (+3)DHA from ethyl ester to PC occurs quickly at intestine. After administration for 15 d, (+3)DHA-containing PC accumulated in the intestine, liver, and muscle of whole-body zebrafish. In contrast, (+3)DHA-containing PC was not detected in the brain. These results showed that dietary DHA is initially constructed into PC as a structural component of intestinal cell membranes and gradually migrates into peripheral tissues such as muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yoshinaga
- Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Usami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Shikano
- Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Reiko Nagasaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Tanaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gürgen SG, Sayın O, Çeti̇n F, Sarsmaz HY, Yazıcı GN, Umur N, Yücel AT. The Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on Neuronal Signaling Molecules in the Hippocampus and the Neuroprotective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3028-3037. [PMID: 34328736 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavoring substance added to many ready-to-eat foods and has known neurotoxic effects. This study was performed in order to examine the potential toxic effect of MSG on neurons in various regions of the hippocampus in prepubertal rats. It also investigated the protective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and neuropeptide-Y (NPY) expression in the brain, using immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Six female prepubertal Wistar albino rats were used in each group. Group 1, the control group, received 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Group 2 received 4 mg/g MSG sc on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Group 3 received MSG + EPA (4 mg/g sc on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Oral 300 mg/kg for 9 d), while Group 4 received MSG + DHA (4 mg/g sc on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 and 300 mg/kg orally for 9 d, respectively). At the end of the ninth day the hippocampal regions of the brain were removed and either fixed for immunohistochemical staining or stored at -80 °C for biochemical parameter investigation. BDNF, NMDA-R, and NPY expression results were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. According to our findings, neurons in the control group hippocampal CA1 and DG regions exhibited strong BDNF, NPY, and NMDA-R reactions, while an expression in both regions decreased in the MSG group (p < 0.00). However, in the MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA groups, BDNF, NPY, and NMDA-R immunoreactions in neurons in the same region were similar to those of the control group (p = 0.00). No significant difference was observed in terms of expression in hippocampal neurons between the MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA groups (p > 0.00). In conclusion, since MSG caused a decrease in BDNF, NMDA-R, and NPY neural signaling molecules in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus of prepubertal rats compared to the control group, care is required over the consumption of MSG, since it may affect memory-related neurons in these age groups. In addition, we concluded that the use of omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA in addition to MSG may protect against the neurotoxic effects of MSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Gülşen Gürgen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Oya Sayın
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Vocational Health Service, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Ferihan Çeti̇n
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Yeşil Sarsmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Health Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Gülce Naz Yazıcı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Umur
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tuç Yücel
- Department of Anatomy, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
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Grasso M, Caruso G, Godos J, Bonaccorso A, Carbone C, Castellano S, Currenti W, Grosso G, Musumeci T, Caraci F. Improving Cognition with Nutraceuticals Targeting TGF-β1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071075. [PMID: 34356309 PMCID: PMC8301008 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rescue of cognitive function represents an unmet need in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nutraceuticals deliver a concentrated form of a presumed bioactive(s) agent(s) that can improve cognitive function alone or in combination with current approved drugs for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Nutraceuticals include different natural compounds such as flavonoids and their subclasses (flavan-3-ols, catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonols), omega-3, and carnosine that can improve synaptic plasticity and rescue cognitive deficits through multiple molecular mechanisms. A deficit of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway is an early event in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in different neuropsychiatric disorders, from depression to AD. In the present review, we provide evidence that different nutraceuticals, such as Hypericum perforatum (hypericin and hyperforin), flavonoids such as hesperidin, omega-3, and carnosine, can target TGF-β1 signaling and increase TGF-β1 production in the central nervous system as well as cognitive function. The bioavailability of these nutraceuticals, in particular carnosine, can be significantly improved with novel formulations (nanoparticulate systems, nanoliposomes) that increase the efficacy and stability of this peptide. Overall, these studies suggest that the synergism between nutraceuticals targeting the TGF-β1 pathway and current approved drugs might represent a novel pharmacological approach for reverting cognitive deficits in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Grasso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (G.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (T.M.); (F.C.)
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (G.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (T.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (G.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (T.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (G.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (T.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-5478-1187
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (G.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (T.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (G.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (T.M.); (F.C.)
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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11
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Abdelmeguid NE, Khalil MIM, Elhabet R, Sultan AS, Salam SA. Combination of docosahexaenoic acid and Ginko biloba extract improves cognitive function and hippocampal tissue damages in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101995. [PMID: 34182090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions among elder people. Nowadays, natural antioxidants have been used to recover the quality of life for those with AD. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the combined effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Ginkgo bilobastandardized extract (EGb761) on AD mice. AD was induced in adult male albino mice with AlCl3 (20 mg/kg b.w, i.g.) and D-galactose (D-gal; 120 mg/kg, i.p.) for 90 days. 30 days after induction, mice were treated with DHA (200 mg/kg b.w., i.g.) and EGb761 (200 mg/kg b.w., i.g.) for two months. Our data revealed that the dual treatment of DHA and EGb761 significantly improved cognitive memory and spatial learning abilities in AD-induced mice. The drug treatments preserved the hippocampal CA3 architecture and restored neuronal ultrastructural alterations. Expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the most implicated protein phosphatase in AD neurodegeneration, was highly upregulated in the CA3 hippocampus of AD mice treated with DHA and EGb761. Intriguingly, TNF-α expression was significantly reduced in the same group. In conclusion, our findings proved that the combined effect of DHA and EGb761 tended to be potent against the neurodegenerative effect of AlCl3 and D-gal. The applied treatment enhanced neuronal survival and cognitive functions via upregulation of PP2A and restoration of TNF-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila E Abdelmeguid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud I M Khalil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon.
| | - Rasha Elhabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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12
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Carbone BE, Abouleish M, Watters KE, Vogel S, Ribic A, Schroeder OHU, Bader BM, Biederer T. Synaptic Connectivity and Cortical Maturation Are Promoted by the ω-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:226-240. [PMID: 31034037 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development is likely impacted by micronutrients. This is supported by the effects of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during early neuronal differentiation, when it increases neurite growth. Aiming to delineate DHA roles in postnatal stages, we selected the visual cortex due to its stereotypic maturation. Immunohistochemistry showed that young mice that received dietary DHA from birth exhibited more abundant presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations. DHA also increased density and size of synapses in a dose-dependent manner in cultured neurons. In addition, dendritic arbors of neurons treated with DHA were more complex. In agreement with improved connectivity, DHA enhanced physiological parameters of network maturation in vitro, including bursting strength and oscillatory behavior. Aiming to analyze functional maturation of the cortex, we performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings from awake mice to measure responses to patterned visual inputs. Dietary DHA robustly promoted the developmental increase in visual acuity, without altering light sensitivity. The visual acuity of DHA-supplemented animals continued to improve even after their cortex had matured and DHA abolished the acuity plateau. Our findings show that the ω-3 fatty acid DHA promotes synaptic connectivity and cortical processing. These results provide evidence that micronutrients can support the maturation of neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malik Abouleish
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine E Watters
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth Vogel
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adema Ribic
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Yoshinaga K, Ishikawa H, Beppu F, Gotoh N. Incorporation of Dietary Arachidonic and Docosatetraenoic Acid into Mouse Brain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2457-2461. [PMID: 33594883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to analyze the metabolism of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain for the research and development of functional foods. In this study, a single dose of 2,2-dideuterium-labeled docosatetraenoic acid ((+2)DTA) or 2,2-dideuterium-labeled arachidonic acid ((+2)AA) was orally administered to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and its metabolism in the brain was investigated. In the (+2)DTA group, the (+2)DTA content in the brain was significantly increased at 4, 8, 24, and 96 h compared to 0 h after administration, while in the (+2)AA group, the (+2)AA content was significantly increased at 4, 8, 24, and 96 h compared to 0 h. However, there was no significant difference in the content of (+2)DTA, a metabolite of (+2)AA, among all the groups. These results suggest that dietary (+2)DTA and (+2)AA pass through the blood-brain barrier and dietary (+2)AA is rather stored in the brain than converted to (+2)DTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Haruna Ishikawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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14
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Noori T, Dehpour AR, Sureda A, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Shirooie S. Role of natural products for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173974. [PMID: 33652057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Negative psychological and physiological consequences of neurodegenerative disorders represent a high social and health cost. Among the neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as a leading neurodegenerative condition and a primary cause of dementia in the elderlys. AD is considered as neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs cognitive function and memory. According to current epidemiological data, about 50 milLion people worldwide are suffering from AD. The primary symptoms of AD are almost inappreciable and usually comprise forgetfulness of recent events. Numerous processes are involved in the development of AD, for example oxidative stress (OS) mainly due to mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (τ) proteins in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, excessive the accumulation of extracellular plaques of beta-amyloid (Aβ), genetic and environmental factors. Running treatments only attenuate symptoms and temporarily reduce the rate of cognitive progression associated with AD. This means that most treatments focus only on controlLing symptoms, particularly in the initial stages of the disease. In the past, the first choice of treatment was based on natural ingredients. In this sense, diverse natural products (NPs) are capable to decrease the symptoms and alleviate the development of several diseases including AD attracting the attention of the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, numerous NPs including flavonoids, gingerols, tannins, anthocyanins, triterpenes and alkaloids have been shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, and anti-choLinesterase properties. This review provide a summary of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic goals of AD. It also discusses the available data on various plants and isolated natural compounds used to prevent and diminish the symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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15
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Yoshinaga K. Development of Analytical Methods and Nutritional Studies Using Synthetic Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1-9. [PMID: 33431763 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of fatty acids or triacylglycerol (TAG) is affected by their molecular structures. Several methods to separate and quantify TAG isomers in natural fats and oils were developed. For instance, an analytical method of TAG molecular species using a gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector and the analytical method to separate and quantify TAG positional isomers and enantiomers using a high performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer were established. Furthermore, using these analytical methods, the relationship between molecular structure and metabolism of fatty acid and TAG were investigated. Using the CO2 breath test in ddY mice revealed that saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid bound to the sn-2 (β) position of TAG were highly catabolized in the presence of calcium, whereas saturated fatty acids bound to the sn-1, 3 (α) position of TAG were not well catabolized. Recently, the distribution of dietary fatty acids in the body were visualized by combining a stable isotope labeling technique with imaging mass spectrometry, which revealed that the administered arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid accumulated as phospholipid in the mouse brain. The methods developed can assess food quality and create new functional foods.
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16
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Peng S, Peng Z, Qin M, Huang L, Zhao B, Wei L, Ning J, Tuo QH, Yuan TF, Shi Z, Liao DF. Targeting neuroinflammation: The therapeutic potential of ω-3 PUFAs in substance abuse. Nutrition 2020; 83:111058. [PMID: 33360033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a chronic relapsing disorder that results in serious health and socioeconomic issues worldwide. Addictive drugs induce long-lasting morphologic and functional changes in brain circuits and account for the formation of compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. Yet, there remains a lack of reliable therapy. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicated that neuroinflammation was implicated in the development of drug addiction. Findings from both our and other laboratories suggest that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are effective in treating neuroinflammation-related mental diseases, and indicate that they could exert positive effects in treating drug addiction. Thus, in the present review, we summarized and evaluated recently published articles reporting the neuroinflammation mechanism in drug addiction and the immune regulatory ability of ω-3 PUFAs. We also sought to identify some of the challenges ahead in the translation of ω-3 PUFAs into addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin-Hui Tuo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
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17
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Ichinose T, Kato M, Matsuzaki K, Tanabe Y, Tachibana N, Morikawa M, Kato S, Ohata S, Ohno M, Wakatsuki H, Hossain S, Shido O, Hashimoto M. Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched milk beverage intake on cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese: A 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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18
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Yoshinaga K, Ishikawa H, Taira S, Yoshinaga-Kiriake A, Usami Y, Gotoh N. Selective Visualization of Administrated Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Brain Using Combination of Simple Stable Isotope-Labeling Technique and Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8685-8690. [PMID: 32468807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new method for monitoring the distribution of administrated fatty acids in the body by combination of a stable isotope-labeling technique and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). The developed stable isotope-labeling technique is very simple and able to adapt to all the fatty acid species. In this study, we synthesized stable isotope-labeled arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and they were simultaneously administrated to mice to examine their migrations and distributions in the brain. The administrated AA and DHA have two more molecular weights compared to the originals and apparently were distinguished from the originally accumulated AA and DHA in the brain using IMS. As a result, we reveal that the administered AA and DHA first accumulated in the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex in the brain. This technique does not use radio isotopes and would appear to elucidate the role of all kinds of fatty acid species in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Haruna Ishikawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshinaga-Kiriake
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Yuka Usami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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19
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Hossain S, Hussain J, Bhowmick S, Sarkar M, Basunia M, Al Mamun A, Tanabe Y, Matsuzaki K, Hashimoto M, Shido O. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA, C22:6, ω-3) Composition of Milk and Mammary Gland Tissues of Lactating Mother Rats Is Severely Affected by Lead (Pb) Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:525-534. [PMID: 31463761 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, ω-3), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is critical for brain growth, development, and cognitive ability. It is consumed by offspring via milk during lactation. However, the toxic heavy metal lead (Pb) readily passes into the mammary glands of mother animals and then to offspring through milk. Here, we investigated whether DHA composition of milk and mammary gland tissues is affected by Pb exposure. Mother rats were exposed to Pb via drinking water (0.1%). The fatty acid profile and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), and pro-inflammatory TNF-α in milk and mammary tissues were measured. Levels of DHA and antioxidant GSH decreased (P < 0.05), while LPO and TNF-α levels increased (P < 0.05) both in milk and mammary tissues. Our results suggest that toxic Pb exposure can upset the level of milk DHA, which may affect brain growth and development, and hence cognitive ability in adulthood and later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Jakir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Bhowmick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Marzan Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mafroz Basunia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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20
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Twelve-month Studies on Perilla Oil Intake in Japanese Adults-Possible Supplement for Mental Health. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040530. [PMID: 32331363 PMCID: PMC7230189 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla oil (PO), rich in α-linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3, ω-3), is increasingly alleged to have numerous health benefits in humans. However, the current reports detailing the effects of PO on human mental health are not adequate. Therefore, in the current investigation we compared the effects of PO or placebo treatment on the mental condition of healthy adult Japanese volunteers. At baseline and after 12 months of treatment, mental health condition was assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Apathy Scale, and serum biochemical parameters were determined. From baseline to 12 months of intervention, both SDS depression and apathy scores improved significantly in the PO-administered group. Compared to those of control group, serum norepinephrine and serotonin levels after 12 months decreased in the PO-administered group. The enhanced mental state observed in PO-subjects was accompanied by LNA level increases in erythrocyte plasma membranes. Our data demonstrate that PO intake enhances blood LNA levels and may maintain healthy mental conditions in adult subjects.
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21
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Joensuu M, Wallis TP, Saber SH, Meunier FA. Phospholipases in neuronal function: A role in learning and memory? J Neurochem 2020; 153:300-333. [PMID: 31745996 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the human brain being made of nearly 60% fat, the vast majority of studies on the mechanisms of neuronal communication which underpin cognition, memory and learning, primarily focus on proteins and/or (epi)genetic mechanisms. Phospholipids are the main component of all cellular membranes and function as substrates for numerous phospholipid-modifying enzymes, including phospholipases, which release free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipid metabolites that can alter the intrinsic properties of the membranes, recruit and activate critical proteins, and act as lipid signalling molecules. Here, we will review brain specific phospholipases, their roles in membrane remodelling, neuronal function, learning and memory, as well as their disease implications. In particular, we will highlight key roles of unsaturated FFAs, particularly arachidonic acid, in neurotransmitter release, neuroinflammation and memory. In light of recent findings, we will also discuss the emerging role of phospholipase A1 and the creation of saturated FFAs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Joensuu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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22
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Alex A, Abbott KA, McEvoy M, Schofield PW, Garg ML. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive decline in non-demented adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2019; 78:563-578. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs) are widely considered as nootropic agents that may be beneficial in reversing cognitive impairment.
Objective
The present systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted to determine the changes in cognitive function after intervention with LCn-3PUFA supplementation in non-demented adults, including those with mild cognitive impairment.
Data Sources
Five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched systematically along with reference lists of selected articles.
Study Selection
Studies were eligible for inclusion if they measured the effect of LCn-3PUFA supplementation on cognition in non-demented adults.
Data Extraction
A total of 787 records were screened, of which 25 studies were eligible for inclusion. Treatment effects were summarized as global cognitive function for primary outcome and measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination and individual cognitive domains for secondary outcome. The pooled effect sizes were estimated using Hedge’s g and random-effects modeling.
Data Analysis
Results from randomized controlled trials indicate that LCn-3PUFAs have no effect on global cognitive function (Hedge’s g = 0.02; 95% confidence interval, −0.12 to 0.154), and among the specific cognitive domains, only memory function showed a mild benefit (Hedge’s g = 0.31; P = 0.003; z = 2.945).
Conclusion
The existing literature suggests that LCn-3PUFA supplementation could provide a mild benefit in improving memory function in non-demented older adults.
Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017078664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Alex
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
| | - Kylie A Abbott
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
| | - Mark McEvoy
- School of Medicine and Public Health
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
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23
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Hosomi R, Fukunaga K, Nagao T, Shiba S, Miyauchi K, Yoshida M, Takahashi K. Effect of Dietary Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid-Bound Lysophosphatidylcholine Prepared from Fishery By-Products on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Liver and Brain. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:781-792. [PMID: 31366855 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of improving brain function coupled with its preferential uptake in the brain has garnered attention for docosahexaenoic acid-bound lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LPC). However, studies focusing on the health benefits of dietary DHA-LPC are lacking. We prepared a dietary oil rich in DHA-LPC (DHA-LPC rich oil) via enzymatic modification of phospholipids (PL) extracted from squid (Todarodes pacificus) meal and purification of active carbon, ion exchange resin, and silica gel. We then examined the effects of dietary DHA-LPC rich oil on male Wistar rats by evaluating serum and liver lipid profiles, fatty acid (FA) metabolizing enzyme activity, and the FA composition of serum and brain. The rats were fed a basal diet containing either soybean oil alone (7%) or soybean oil (4.5%) with DHA-LPC rich oil (2.5%) for 28 days, and then evaluated. The rats fed the diet containing DHA-LPC rich oil showed reduced triacylglycerol concentration due, in part, to the enhancement of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and acyl-CoA oxidase activities and suppression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in the liver. Moreover, the dietary DHA-LPC rich oil moderately increased DHA in the FA composition of the rat hippocampus, which may be due to elevated DHA composition in serum LPC. These results suggest that DHA-LPC rich oil has hypolipidemic effect and moderate increase in hippocampal DHA amount in normal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Toshihiro Nagao
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Morinomiya Center
| | | | - Kazumasa Miyauchi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Koretaro Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology.,Previous address: Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Gubert C, Kong G, Renoir T, Hannan AJ. Exercise, diet and stress as modulators of gut microbiota: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104621. [PMID: 31628992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an exponentially growing interest in gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis in health and disease. Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical research indicate that gut microbiota, and their associated microbiomes, may influence pathogenic processes and thus the onset and progression of various diseases, including neurological and psychiatric disorders. In fact, gut dysbiosis (microbiota dysregulation) has been associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and motor neuron disease, as well as multiple sclerosis. The gut microbiota constitutes a dynamic microbial system constantly challenged by many biological variables, including environmental factors. Since the gut microbiota constitute a changeable and experience-dependent ecosystem, they provide potential therapeutic targets that can be modulated as new interventions for dysbiosis-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the evidence for environmental modulation of gut microbiota and its relevance to brain disorders, exploring in particular the implications for neurodegenerative diseases. We will focus on three major environmental factors that are known to influence the onset and progression of those diseases, namely exercise, diet and stress. Further exploration of environmental modulation, acting via both peripheral (e.g. gut microbiota and associated metabolic dysfunction or 'metabolopathy') and central (e.g. direct effects on CNS neurons and glia) mechanisms, may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches, such as enviromimetics, for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Pero ME, Cortese L, Mastellone V, Tudisco R, Musco N, Scandurra A, D'Aniello B, Vassalotti G, Bartolini F, Lombardi P. Effects of a Nutritional Supplement on Cognitive Function in Aged Dogs and on Synaptic Function of Primary Cultured Neurons. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070393. [PMID: 31252640 PMCID: PMC6680659 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We tested the effects of a nutraceutical product, DiSeniorTM, by spatial navigation test and by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results showed that DiSeniorTM was safe and able to ameliorate cognitive functions in aged dogs, as demonstrated by the better performances in the treated with respect the untreated groups. The increase of cFOS, a functional marker of activity in cultured neurons, indicated a positive effect of the substance on neuronal functions. The study suggests that DiSeniorTM can improve the quality of life of elderly dogs and may slow the onset of cognitive dysfunction symptoms associated with aging. Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of DìSeniorTM, a nutraceutical formulated to improve cognitive functions in elderly dogs. To this purpose, some clinical and metabolic investigations and a spatial navigation test were performed in treated and untreated dogs. Moreover, the nutraceutical was also tested on primary hippocampal neuron cultures. Results showed no adverse effects on the dogs’ health and a positive effect on learning. In vitro effects on neuron cultures showed an increase in the level of cFOS in treated neurons compared with the vehicle, suggesting that DiSeniorTM has also a positive effect on neuronal functions. Overall, this study suggests that DiSeniorTM can exert a beneficial effect on aged dogs by preventing the negative effects of aging on cognition. Further studies are needed to assess the mechanisms by which it acts on neurons and the specific effect of the different components alone or combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Scandurra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Biagio D'Aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Inoue T, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Hossain S, Matsuzaki K, Shido O. Effect of chronic administration of arachidonic acid on the performance of learning and memory in aged rats. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1441. [PMID: 30941000 PMCID: PMC6436162 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4, ω-6) is a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and plays diverse roles in cell signaling. Numerous reports on the effects of ω-3 PUFAs, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, ω-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, ω-3) on learning and memory impairments of rats are available, however, the role of AA on brain cognition is largely unknown. Objective In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of oral administration of AA on spatial memory-related learning ability in aged (100 weeks) male rats. Design One group was per orally administered 240 mg/kg per day AA oil and the other group was administered the similar volume of control oil. Five weeks after the start of the administration, rats were tested with the partially baited eight-arm radial maze to evaluate two types of spatial memory-related learning ability displayed by reference memory errors (RMEs) and working memory errors (WMEs). Also, the time required to complete the task was recorded. The levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured, as an indicator oxidative stress in the plasma and brain corticohippocampal brain tissues. Results The scores of RMEs and WMEs, which are analogous to long-term and short-term memory, respectively, were not affected, however, the trial time was shorter in the AA-administered rats than that of the controls. AA also significantly increased the degree of oxidative stress both in the plasma and corticohippocampal brain tissues. Conclusions Our results suggest that though AA deposition in the corticohippocampal tissues of senescent rats caused a faster performance activity, which is reminiscent to hyperactive behavior of animals, the spatial learning ability-related memory of the rats, however, was not improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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Wang L, Yi Y, Yao Y, Feng G, Shu C, Wang H, Zhang X. Walnut oil improves spatial memory in rats and increases the expression of acid-sensing ion channel genes Asic2a and Asic4. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:293-301. [PMID: 30680184 PMCID: PMC6341134 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Walnut oil (WO) has been reported to enhance cognitive function, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This study was designed to assess the effects of WO on spatial memory in rats through modulation of the expression of acid-sensing ion channel genes, Asic2a and Asic4. To investigate the effect of WO on cognitive performance, we supplemented the diet of female rats with WO. The results showed that supplementation with WO at doses of 2.2 and 11 g kg-1 day-1 significantly improved learning and memory. In vitro treatment of rat hippocampal neuronal cells with appropriate doses of WO revealed a significant increase in the expression of Asic2a and Asic4 in a dose-dependent manner at both the mRNA and protein levels. We conclude that WO intake might help to prevent cognitive decline, particularly in the elderly, and that ASIC genes in neurons can be the targets of compounds contained in the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Mei Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural ProductsWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil(Wuhan Polytechnic University)of Ministry of Education in ChinaWuhanChina
| | - Yang Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural ProductsWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil(Wuhan Polytechnic University)of Ministry of Education in ChinaWuhanChina
- College of Food Science and EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yi‐Lan Yao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ge Feng
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chang Shu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hong‐Xun Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural ProductsWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil(Wuhan Polytechnic University)of Ministry of Education in ChinaWuhanChina
| | - Xi‐Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina
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Sepe FN, Chiasserini D, Parnetti L. Role of FABP3 as biomarker in Alzheimer's disease and synucleinopathies. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are fundamental components of brain cells as they are involved in several essential processes like remodeling of plasma membrane, synaptic function and receptor–ligand interactions. Systemic and brain alterations in lipid metabolism have been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and parkinsonisms. Intracellular transport of lipids is regulated by fatty acid-binding proteins. Recently, a member of this family, the fatty acid-binding protein 3 has been proposed as a potential biomarker across a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. In this special report, we describe recent progresses in characterizing the role of fatty acid-binding protein 3 in neurodegeneration and its putative role as biomarker measurable in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Nicoletta Sepe
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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29
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Rodrigues DM, Manfro GG, Levitan RD, Steiner M, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Moderating effect of PLIN4 genetic variant on impulsivity traits in 5-year-old-children born small for gestational age. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 137:19-25. [PMID: 30293593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor fetal growth is associated with long-term behavioral, metabolic and psychiatric alterations, including impulsivity, insulin resistance, and mood disorders. However, the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) seems to be protective for this population, improving inhibitory control and behavioral reactivity. We investigated whether the presence of the A allele of rs8887 SNP (PLIN4 gene), known to be associated with increased sensitivity to the consumption of n-3 PUFAs, interacts with fetal growth influencing inhibitory control. 152 five-year-old children were genotyped and performed the Stop Signal Task (SSRT). There was a significant interaction between birth weight and the presence of the A allele on SSRT performance, in which lower birth weight associated with poorer inhibitory control only in non-carriers. These results suggest that a higher responsiveness to n-3 PUFAS protects small for gestational age children from developing poor response inhibition, highlighting that optimizing n-3 PUFA intake may benefit this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Daniel Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University. Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Joseph Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Canada.
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Nasehi M, Mosavi-Nezhad SM, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. The role of omega-3 on modulation of cognitive deficiency induced by REM sleep deprivation in rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 351:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mann NJ. A brief history of meat in the human diet and current health implications. Meat Sci 2018; 144:169-179. [PMID: 29945745 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropological investigations have confirmed many times over, through multiple fields of research the critical role of consumption of animal source foods (ASF) including meat in the evolution of our species. As early as four million years ago, our early bipedal hominin ancestors were scavenging ASFs as evidenced by cut marks on animal bone remains, stable isotope composition of these hominin remains and numerous other lines of evidence from physiological and paleo-anthropological domains. This ASF intake marked a transition from a largely forest dwelling frugivorous lifestyle to a more open rangeland existence and resulted in numerous adaptations, including a rapidly increasing brain size and altered gut structure. Details of the various fields of anthropological evidence are discussed, followed by a summary of the health implications of meat consumption in the modern world, including issues around saturated fat and omega-3 fatty acid intake and discussion of the critical nutrients ASFs supply, with particular emphasis on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Mann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Association between fish consumption and risk of dementia: a new study from China and a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1921-1932. [DOI: 10.1017/s136898001800037x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of fish consumption with risk of dementia and its dose–response relationship, and investigate variations in the association among low-, middle- and high-income countries.DesignA new community-based cross-sectional study and a systematic literature review.SettingsUrban and rural communities in China; population-based studies systematically searched from worldwide literature.SubjectsChinese adults aged ≥60 years in six provinces (n 6981) took part in a household health survey of dementia prevalence and risk factors. In addition, 33 964 participants from eleven published and eligible studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.ResultsIn the new study in China, 326 participants were diagnosed with dementia (4·7 %); those who consumed any amount of fish in the past two years v. those who consumed no fish had reduced risk of dementia (adjusted OR=0·73, 95 % CI 0·64, 0·99), but the dose–response relationship was not statistically significant. The meta-analysis of available data from the literature and the new study showed relative risk (RR) of dementia of 0·80 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·87) for people with fish consumption; the impact was similar among countries with different levels of income. Pooled dose–response data revealed RR (95 % CI) of 0·84 (0·72, 0·98), 0·78 (0·68, 0·90) and 0·77 (0·61, 0·98) in people with low, middle and high consumption of fish, respectively. Corresponding figures for Alzheimer’s disease were 0·88 (0·74, 1·04), 0·79 (0·65, 0·96) and 0·67 (0·58, 0·78), respectively.ConclusionsGreater consumption of fish is associated with a lower risk of dementia. Increasing fish consumption may help prevent dementia worldwide regardless of income level.
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Ghazale H, Ramadan N, Mantash S, Zibara K, El-Sitt S, Darwish H, Chamaa F, Boustany RM, Mondello S, Abou-Kheir W, Soueid J, Kobeissy F. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances the therapeutic potential of neonatal neural stem cell transplantation post-Traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2017; 340:1-13. [PMID: 29126932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide with 1.5 million people inflicted yearly. Several neurotherapeutic interventions have been proposed including drug administration as well as cellular therapy involving neural stem cells (NSCs). Among the proposed drugs is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, exhibiting neuroprotective properties. In this study, we utilized an innovative intervention of neonatal NSCs transplantation in combination with DHA injections in order to ameliorate brain damage and promote functional recovery in an experimental model of TBI. Thus, NSCs derived from the subventricular zone of neonatal pups were cultured into neurospheres and transplanted in the cortex of an experimentally controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. The effect of NSC transplantation was assessed alone and/or in combination with DHA administration. Motor deficits were evaluated using pole climbing and rotarod tests. Using immunohistochemistry, the effect of transplanted NSCs and DHA treatment was used to assess astrocytic (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and microglial (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, IBA-1) activity. In addition, we quantified neuroblasts (doublecortin; DCX) and dopaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase; TH) expression levels. Combined NSC transplantation and DHA injections significantly attenuated TBI-induced motor function deficits (pole climbing test), promoted neurogenesis, coupled with an increase in glial reactivity at the cortical site of injury. In addition, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons was found to increase markedly in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra in the combination therapy group. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that DHA+NSCs treated animals showed decreased levels of 38kDa GFAP-BDP (breakdown product) and 145kDa αII-spectrin SBDP indicative of attenuated calpain/caspase activation. These data demonstrate that prior treatment with DHA may be a desirable strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of NSC transplantation in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghazale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Naify Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Sara Mantash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally El-Sitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Hala Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Farah Chamaa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rose Mary Boustany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon; American University of Beirut Medical Center Special Kids Clinic, Neurogenetics Program and Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. "Policlinico G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Jihane Soueid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Mice Deficient in lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase delta ( Lpaatδ)/ acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 ( Agpat4) Have Impaired Learning and Memory. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00245-17. [PMID: 28807933 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00245-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously characterized LPAATδ/AGPAT4 as a mitochondrial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that regulates brain levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Here, we report that Lpaatδ-/- mice display impaired spatial learning and memory compared to wild-type littermates in the Morris water maze and our investigation of potential mechanisms associated with brain phospholipid changes. Marker protein immunoblotting suggested that the relative brain content of neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes was unchanged. Relative abundance of the important brain fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid was also unchanged in phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, in agreement with prior data on PC, PE and PI. In phosphatidic acid, it was increased. Specific decreases in ethanolamine-containing phospholipids were detected in mitochondrial lipids, but the function of brain mitochondria in Lpaatδ-/- mice was unchanged. Importantly, we found that Lpaatδ-/- mice have a significantly and drastically lower brain content of the N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, as well as the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR1, compared to wild-type mice. However, general dysregulation of PI-mediated signaling is not likely responsible, since phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR pathway regulation was unaffected. Our findings indicate that Lpaatδ deficiency causes deficits in learning and memory associated with reduced NMDA and AMPA receptors.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and suicide risk in mood disorders: A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 74:43-56. [PMID: 27940200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and an alteration between the ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Recent epidemiological studies have also demonstrated an association between the depletion of PUFAs and suicide. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between PUFAs and suicide; assess whether the depletion of PUFAs may be considered a risk factor for suicidal behavior; in addition to detailing the potential use of PUFAs in clinical practice. We performed a systematic review on PUFAs and suicide in mood disorders, searching MedLine, Excerpta Medica, PsycLit, PsycInfo, and Index Medicus for relevant epidemiological, post-mortem, and clinical studies from January 1997 to September 2016. A total of 20 articles from peer-reviewed journals were identified and selected for this review. The reviewed studies suggest that subjects with psychiatric conditions have a depletion of omega-3 PUFAs compared to control groups. This fatty acid depletion has also been found to contribute to suicidal thoughts and behavior in some cases. However, large epidemiological studies have generally not supported this finding, as the depletion of omega-3 PUFAs was not statistically different between controls and patients diagnosed with a mental illness and/or who engaged in suicidal behavior. Increasing PUFA intake may be relevant in the treatment of depression, however in respect to the prevention of suicide, the data is currently not supportive of this approach. Changes in levels of PUFAs may however be a risk factor to evaluate when assessing for suicide risk. Clinical studies should be conducted to prospectively assess whether prescriptive long-term use of PUFAs in PUFA-deficient people with depression, may have a preventative role in attenuating suicide.
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Abstract
DHA is a key nutritional n-3 PUFA and needs to be supplied by the human diet. DHA is found in significant amounts in the retinal and neuronal cell membranes due to its high fluidity. Indeed, DHA is selectively concentrated in the synaptic and retinal membranes. DHA is deemed to display anti-inflammatory properties and to reduce the risk of CVD. Consumption of larger amounts of DHA appears to reduce the risk of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and mood disorders. Conversely, it has been shown that loss of DHA from the nerve cell membrane leads to dysfunction of the central nervous system in the form of anxiety, irritability, susceptibility to stress, dyslexia, impaired memory and cognitive functions, and extended reaction times. DHA plays an important role in ensuring a healthy ageing, by thwarting macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, and other brain disorders at the same time as enhancing memory and strengthening neuroprotection in general. A reduced level of DHA is associated with cognitive decline during ageing. Different mechanisms for this fundamental DHA role have been put forward. Namely, neuroprotectin D1, a DHA derivative, may support brain cell survival and repair through neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory signalling. Many of the effects of DHA on the neurological system may be related to signalling connections, thus leading to the study of the related signalolipidomics. Therefore, the present review will focus on the influence of DHA deficiency upon ageing, with specific emphasis upon neurological disorders related to cognitive function and mental health.
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Joffre C, Grégoire S, De Smedt V, Acar N, Bretillon L, Nadjar A, Layé S. Modulation of brain PUFA content in different experimental models of mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:1-10. [PMID: 27926457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relative amounts of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) govern the different functions of the brain. Their brain levels depend on structures considered, on fatty acid dietary supply and the age of animals. To have a better overview of the different models available in the literature we here compared the brain fatty acid composition in various mice models (C57BL/6J, CD1, Fat-1, SAMP8 mice) fed with different n-3 PUFA diets (deficient, balanced, enriched) in adults and aged animals. Our results demonstrated that brain AA and DHA content is 1) structure-dependent; 2) strain-specific; 3) differently affected by dietary approaches when compared to genetic model of PUFA modulation; 4) different in n-3 PUFA deficient aged C57BL6/J when compared to SAMP8 mouse model of aging. From these experiments, we highlight the difficulty to compare results obtained in different mouse models, different strains, different brain regions and different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Véronique De Smedt
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Hossain S, Ahmed R, Bhowmick S, Mamun AA, Hashimoto M. Proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of Lablab purpureus (L.) legume seed: implicates to both protein and essential fatty acid supplementation. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1899. [PMID: 27843756 PMCID: PMC5084149 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high mortality rate in Bangladesh is related to poverty, which results in protein malnutrition, essential fatty acid deficiency and lacks in adequate vitamins, minerals and calorie. Exploring new food items with improved dietary nutrition factors may, therefore, help to decrease the mortality rate in the poor countries like Bangladesh. Accordingly, the present study was a proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of L. purpureus seed—a legume seed which is given no careful attention locally, though it might be a good source of valuable nutrition factors for both animals and humans. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to generate awareness that L. purpureus could also act as a good source of food components essential for good health. Proximate analysis revealed that the seed powder contained 8.47 ± 0.52% moisture; 3.50 ± 0.0.07% ash; 1.02 ± 0.06% total fat; 23.95 ± 0.15% total protein; 1.21 ± 0.16% total dietary fiber; 61.86 ± 0.70% total carbohydrate and 352.4 ± 2.66 kcal/100 g energy. Phytic acid content (%) was 1.014 ± 0.048. Major fatty acid composition (%): the essential fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:2, ω-6) was 9.50 ± 0.68, while the linolenic acid (C18:3, ω-3) was 1.95 ± 0.18. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were, respectively, 2.96 ± 0.19, 0.77 ± 0.04 and 1.10 ± 0.06. Lignoceric acid (C24:0) was 0.11 ± 0.007%. Monounsaturated palmitoleic acid (0.006 ± 0.0), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5, ω-3) and nervonic acid (0.002 ± 0.0) were present in trace amounts. Arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4, ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, ω-3) were not detected. The fatty acid profile, thus, suggests that essential omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:3, ω-6) and omega-3 linolenic acid (C18:3, ω-3) were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present in L. purpureus seed. In addition, the seed contained high amount of proteins. Finally, these results suggest that L. purpureus seed could be used as a good source of quality food components, including protein and essential fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Rashed Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Bhowmick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Alternative Medicine and Behavioral Neurosciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
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Karandikar YS, Bansude AS, Angadi EA. Comparison between the Effect of Cow Ghee and Butter on Memory and Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FF11-FF15. [PMID: 27790463 PMCID: PMC5071963 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19457.8512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The traditional texts designate Cow Ghee as Medhya Rasayana, beneficial for mental alertness and memory. There has been concern about increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to its high percentage of saturated fatty acids in ghee. Amongst all edible fats, nutrition composition of cow ghee and butter is comparatively similar. Hence we had planned a study to assess effect of cow ghee on memory and lipid profile. AIM So the aim of this study is to assess the effect of cow ghee on memory and lipid profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nootropic activity of test drugs was assessed by Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) model. Rats were divided into four groups namely control, Piracetam, cow ghee and butter. All drugs were given orally for 21 days. Transfer latency was measured in EPM model and probe test was done in MWM model. RESULTS Cow ghee and butter group showed no significant effect on memory in EPM and MWM model. There was reduction in weight of animals in Cow Ghee group and increase in weight with Butter. In both the models there was a significant increase in Triglyceride (TG) and Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) levels of rats in butter groups and increase in TG and VLDL of rats with cow ghee in EPM model. CONCLUSION The result of experiment suggests that no beneficial effect cow ghee and butter on cognition was seen. However, ghee is relatively safer when compared to Butter in considering lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eesha Ajit Angadi
- Resident, Department of Pharmacology, BVDU Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Rendeiro C, Sheriff A, Bhattacharya TK, Gogola JV, Baxter JH, Chen H, Helferich WG, Roy EJ, Rhodes JS. Long-lasting impairments in adult neurogenesis, spatial learning and memory from a standard chemotherapy regimen used to treat breast cancer. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:10-22. [PMID: 27478140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The negative impact of chemotherapy on cognitive function in cancer patients has gained increasing attention in the last decade. Whilst the short-term acute effects on cognition are expected following chemotherapy, the persistence of such impairments in the long-term is still in question. This is despite clinical evidence indicating cognitive difficulties may persist well beyond treatment and affect quality of life. In the present study, we assessed the long-term (3 months) cognitive impact of chemotherapy in a mouse model intended to mimic the human female post-menopausal population receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Ovariectomized, female, C57BL/6J mice received two doses of Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, and 5-Fluorouracil or saline vehicle (control), separated by one week. During this interval, mice received BrdU injections to label dividing cells. Results indicate a persistent impairment in learning and recall (1h, 24h and 48h) on the Morris water maze, reduced survival and differentiation of new neurons (BrdU+/NeuN+), and a persistent decline in proliferation of new cells (Ki67(+)) in the dentate gyrus. Locomotor activity, motor performance, and anxiety-like behavior were unaffected. We further evaluated the efficacy of a diet enriched in omega-3-fatty acids (DHA+EPA+DPA), in reversing long-term chemotherapy deficits but no rescue was observed. The model described produces long-term cognitive and cellular impairments from chemotherapy that mimic those observed in humans. It could be useful for identifying mechanisms of action and to test further the ability of lifestyle interventions (e.g., diet) for ameliorating chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rendeiro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.
| | - Andrew Sheriff
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Tushar K Bhattacharya
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joseph V Gogola
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - William G Helferich
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Edward J Roy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Al Mamun A, Matsuzaki K, Arai H. Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:579-597. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1207153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Sciences, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Knöchel C, Voss M, Grüter F, Alves GS, Matura S, Sepanski B, Stäblein M, Wenzler S, Prvulovic D, Carvalho AF, Oertel-Knöchel V. Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Novel Neurotherapeutic Targets for Cognitive Dysfunction in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:663-80. [PMID: 26467414 PMCID: PMC4761636 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150630173047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidences from preclinical as well as epidemiological and clinical
studies suggest a potential beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids for cognitive functioning.
In this narrative review, we will summarize and discuss recent findings from epidemiological, interventional
and experimental studies linking dietary consumption of omega-3 fatty acids to cognitive
function in healthy adults. Furthermore, affective disorders and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized
by cognitive dysfunction encompassing several domains. Cognitive dysfunction is closely related to impaired functioning
and quality of life across these conditions. Therefore, the current review focues on the potential influence of omega-3 fatty
acids on cognition in SZ and affective disorders. In sum, current data predominantly from mechanistic models and animal
studies suggest that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could lead to improved cognitive functioning in SZ
and affective disorders. However, besides its translational promise, evidence for clinical benefits in humans has been
mixed. Notwithstanding evidences indicate that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids may have benefit for affective symptoms
in both unipolar and bipolar depression, to date no randomized controlled trial had evaluated omega-3 as cognitive
enhancer for mood disorders, while a single published controlled trial suggested no therapeutic benefit for cognitive
improvement in SZ. Considering the pleiotropic mechanisms of action of omega-3 fatty acids, the design of well-designed
controlled trials of omega-3 supplementation as a novel, domain-specific, target for cognitive impairment in SZ and
affective disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt
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Dietary Crude Lecithin Increases Systemic Availability of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid with Combined Intake in Rats. Lipids 2016; 51:833-46. [PMID: 27038174 PMCID: PMC4903106 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Crude lecithin, a mixture of mainly phospholipids, potentially helps to increase the systemic availability of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Nevertheless, no clear data exist on the effects of prolonged combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin on RBC and plasma PUFA levels. In the current experiments, levels of DHA and choline, two dietary ingredients that enhance neuronal membrane formation and function, were determined in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) from rats after dietary supplementation of DHA-containing oils with and without concomitant dietary supplementation of crude lecithin for 2–3 weeks. The aim was to provide experimental evidence for the hypothesized additive effects of dietary lecithin (not containing any DHA) on top of dietary DHA on PUFA levels in plasma and RBC. Dietary supplementation of DHA-containing oils, either as vegetable algae oil or as fish oil, increased DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and total n-3 PUFA, and decreased total omega-6 PUFA levels in plasma and RBC, while dietary lecithin supplementation alone did not affect these levels. However, combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin increased the changes induced by DHA supplementation alone. Animals receiving a lecithin-containing diet also had a higher plasma free choline concentration as compared to controls. In conclusion, dietary DHA-containing oils and crude lecithin have synergistic effects on increasing plasma and RBC n-3 PUFA levels, including DHA and EPA. By increasing the systemic availability of dietary DHA, dietary lecithin may increase the efficacy of DHA supplementation when their intake is combined.
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Differential effects of docoosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid on fatty acid composition and myosin heavy chain-related genes of slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 415:169-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bascoul-Colombo C, Guschina IA, Maskrey BH, Good M, O'Donnell VB, Harwood JL. Dietary DHA supplementation causes selective changes in phospholipids from different brain regions in both wild type mice and the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:524-37. [PMID: 26968097 PMCID: PMC4847476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of major concern in ageing populations and we have used the Tg2576 mouse model to understand connections between brain lipids and amyloid pathology. Because dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been identified as beneficial, we compared mice fed with a DHA-supplemented diet to those on a nutritionally-sufficient diet. Major phospholipids from cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were separated and analysed. Each phosphoglyceride had a characteristic fatty acid composition which was similar in cortex and hippocampus but different in the cerebellum. The biggest changes on DHA-supplementation were within ethanolamine phospholipids which, together with phosphatidylserine, had the highest proportions of DHA. Reciprocal alterations in DHA and arachidonate were found. The main diet-induced alterations were found in ethanolamine phospholipids, (and included their ether derivatives), as were the changes observed due to genotype. Tg mice appeared more sensitive to diet with generally lower DHA percentages when on the standard diet and higher relative proportions of DHA when the diet was supplemented. All four major phosphoglycerides analysed showed age-dependent decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. These data provide, for the first time, a detailed evaluation of phospholipids in different brain areas previously shown to be relevant to behaviour in the Tg2576 mouse model for AD. The lipid changes observed with genotype are consistent with the subtle alterations found in AD patients, especially for the ethanolamine phospholipid molecular species. They also emphasise the contrasting changes in fatty acid content induced by DHA supplementation within individual phospholipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bascoul-Colombo
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Dietary n-3 PUFAs Deficiency Increases Vulnerability to Inflammation-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2774-87. [PMID: 25948102 PMCID: PMC4864653 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical components of inflammatory response and memory impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying the sensitizing effects of low n-3 PUFAs in the brain for the development of memory impairment following inflammation are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined how a 2-month n-3 PUFAs deficiency from pre-puberty to adulthood could increase vulnerability to the effect of inflammatory event on spatial memory in mice. Mice were given diets balanced or deficient in n-3 PUFAs for a 2-month period starting at post-natal day 21, followed by a peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, at adulthood. We first showed that spatial memory performance was altered after LPS challenge only in n-3 PUFA-deficient mice that displayed lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in the hippocampus. Importantly, long-term depression (LTD), but not long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired in the hippocampus of LPS-treated n-3 PUFA-deficient mice. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased in the plasma of both n-3 PUFA-deficient and n-3 PUFA-balanced mice. However, only n-3 PUFA-balanced mice showed an increase in cytokine expression in the hippocampus in response to LPS. In addition, n-3 PUFA-deficient mice displayed higher glucocorticoid levels in response to LPS as compared with n-3 PUFA-balanced mice. These results indicate a role for n-3 PUFA imbalance in the sensitization of the hippocampal synaptic plasticity to inflammatory stimuli, which is likely to contribute to spatial memory impairment.
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Essential role of docosahexaenoic acid towards development of a smarter brain. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Manzhulo IV, Ogurtsova OS, Lamash NE, Latyshev NA, Kasyanov SP, Dyuizen IV. Analgetic effect of docosahexaenoic acid is mediated by modulating the microglia activity in the dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:659-66. [PMID: 26182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The analgetic activity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) was studied using a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats, and the dynamics of iba-1 (+) microglia/macrophages in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were characterized. DHA reduced the intensity and duration of neurogenic pain. The application of DHA led to an earlier stabilization of weight bearing in the incapacitance test and prevented the development of cold allodynia and degenerative changes in tissues of the denervated limb. DHA treatment significantly reduced satellite glia reaction and expression of the pro-apoptotic p53 protein in the DRG. Thus, DHA's anti-pain effect may be a result of the modulation of microglia/macrophages activity and the development of neuroprotective effects at the level of the dorsal root ganglia.
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49
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The effects of acute and chronic administration of phosphatidylserine on cell proliferation and survival in the dentate gyrus of adult and middle-aged rats. Brain Res 2015; 1609:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Zuliani G, Soavi C, Maggio M, De Vita F, Cherubini A, Volpato S. Counteracting inflammation and insulin resistance with diet and exercise: A strategy for frailty prevention? Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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