1
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Adımcılar V, Saygılı MT, Cansever MŞ, Öztekin N. Highly sensitive rapid determination of orotic acid in urine samples using a field-amplified sample stacking approach in capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115826. [PMID: 37922673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Orotic aciduria is a severe, hereditary, life-threatening condition, particularly in newborns. An increased orotic acid (OA) content in urine may be a strong indicator of this condition. In this study, we developed a rapid, simple, highly sensitive diagnostic method for use in monitoring the OA levels in urine samples, which were successfully determined using capillary electrophoresis combined with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D). A straightforward analysis with an increased sensitivity towards OA and an analysis time of approximately 5 min were realized, and the limit of detection of the developed method was 0.014 mg/L in aqueous solution. The optimized composition of the separation electrolyte was 20 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid/histidine with 0.1 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at a pH of 6.5. The sensitivity of the developed method was significantly increased using a sample stacking approach with a 10% acetonitrile (v/v) plug solution. The method was validated, and satisfactory recoveries of 80.0-92.3% were obtained. The amounts of OA in five urine samples were successfully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselina Adımcılar
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Merve Taşer Saygılı
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Şerif Cansever
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34265 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nevin Öztekin
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Türkiye.
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2
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Determination of orotic acid in human urine using a combination of two capillaries with different internal diameters. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Yao S, Nguyen TV, Rolfe A, Agrawal AA, Ke J, Peng S, Colombo F, Yu S, Bouchard P, Wu J, Huang KC, Bao X, Omoto K, Selvaraj A, Yu L, Ioannidis S, Vaillancourt FH, Zhu P, Larsen NA, Bolduc DM. Small Molecule Inhibition of CPS1 Activity through an Allosteric Pocket. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:259-268.e5. [PMID: 32017919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) catalyzes the first step in the ammonia-detoxifying urea cycle, converting ammonia to carbamoyl phosphate under physiologic conditions. In cancer, CPS1 overexpression supports pyrimidine synthesis to promote tumor growth in some cancer types, while in others CPS1 activity prevents the buildup of toxic levels of intratumoral ammonia to allow for sustained tumor growth. Targeted CPS1 inhibitors may, therefore, provide a therapeutic benefit for cancer patients with tumors overexpressing CPS1. Herein, we describe the discovery of small-molecule CPS1 inhibitors that bind to a previously unknown allosteric pocket to block ATP hydrolysis in the first step of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis. CPS1 inhibitors are active in cellular assays, blocking both urea synthesis and CPS1 support of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, while having no activity against CPS2. These newly discovered CPS1 inhibitors are a first step toward providing researchers with valuable tools for probing CPS1 cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Yao
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alan Rolfe
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anant A Agrawal
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiyuan Ke
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shouyong Peng
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Federico Colombo
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Yu
- RMI Laboratories LLC, 418 Industrial Drive, North Wales, PA 19454, USA
| | - Patricia Bouchard
- NMX Research and Solutions, Inc., 500 Cartier Boulevard W., Laval, Quebec H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Jiayi Wu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kuan-Chun Huang
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xingfeng Bao
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kiyoyuki Omoto
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anand Selvaraj
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas A Larsen
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David M Bolduc
- H3 Biomedicine Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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4
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Destanoğlu O, Zeydanlı D, Cansever MŞ, Yılmaz GG. Ion chromatographic method for the determination of orotic acid in urine. Anal Biochem 2018; 563:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Degradation caused by incompatibility between sodium stearyl fumarate (PRUV) and AZD7986 in the drug product. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Lee JS, Adler L, Karathia H, Carmel N, Rabinovich S, Auslander N, Keshet R, Stettner N, Silberman A, Agemy L, Helbling D, Eilam R, Sun Q, Brandis A, Malitsky S, Itkin M, Weiss H, Pinto S, Kalaora S, Levy R, Barnea E, Admon A, Dimmock D, Stern-Ginossar N, Scherz A, Nagamani SCS, Unda M, Wilson DM, Elhasid R, Carracedo A, Samuels Y, Hannenhalli S, Ruppin E, Erez A. Urea Cycle Dysregulation Generates Clinically Relevant Genomic and Biochemical Signatures. Cell 2018; 174:1559-1570.e22. [PMID: 30100185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The urea cycle (UC) is the main pathway by which mammals dispose of waste nitrogen. We find that specific alterations in the expression of most UC enzymes occur in many tumors, leading to a general metabolic hallmark termed "UC dysregulation" (UCD). UCD elicits nitrogen diversion toward carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydrooratase (CAD) activation and enhances pyrimidine synthesis, resulting in detectable changes in nitrogen metabolites in both patient tumors and their bio-fluids. The accompanying excess of pyrimidine versus purine nucleotides results in a genomic signature consisting of transversion mutations at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. This mutational bias is associated with increased numbers of hydrophobic tumor antigens and a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors independent of mutational load. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that UCD is a common feature of tumors that profoundly affects carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lital Adler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hiren Karathia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Narin Carmel
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiran Rabinovich
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Auslander
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Silberman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hila Weiss
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan Pinto
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shelly Kalaora
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronen Levy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel Unda
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ronit Elhasid
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Schools of Medicine and Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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7
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Orotic Acid, More Than Just an Intermediate of Pyrimidine de novo Synthesis. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:207-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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High-throughput tandem mass spectrometry multiplex analysis for newborn urinary screening of creatine synthesis and transport disorders, Triple H syndrome and OTC deficiency. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:249-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Liu L, Song J, Yu P, Cui B. Sensing System Integrating Lanthanum Hydroxide Nanowires with Copper(II) Ion for Uracil and its Application. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701585537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Cataldi TRI, Nardiello D, Ciriello R, Guerrieri A. Pulsed electrochemical detection of orotic acid by an activated potential waveform at a gold working electrode following anion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1107:130-8. [PMID: 16405977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of activated pulsed amperometric detection (APAD) for the determination of orotic acid (OrA) in real samples at a gold working electrode in alkaline solutions, in combination with anion-exchange chromatography, is reported. Such an activated potential waveform was designed with an initial step that involves the formation of redox active species (e.g., adsorbed AuOH/AuO), which in turn is halted upon lowering the applied potential at the detection value while the adsorbed gold hydroxide/oxide species are still catalytically active. A direct comparison between the activated potential waveform and the more commonly used pulsed amperometric detection showed roughly a 20-fold increase in sensitivity. The chromatographic separation of OrA was accomplished by using a microbore anion-exchange column eluted with an isocratic mobile phase composed of 100 mM NaOH+40 mM NaNO(3). Orotic acid was determined at the concentration ranges of 0.2-30 microM (r=0.9997) with an absolute detection limit of 80 pg (10 microL injected). The levels of OrA in cows' milk samples evaluated by standard additions, using 5-aminoorotic acid as an internal standard, ranged from 56 to 126 mg/L. Lower levels were found in raw sheep's milk (<20 mg/L). The assay is shown to be very useful in clinical investigations where relatively high levels of OrA in human urine are correlated to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro, 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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11
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Iadarola P, Cetta G, Luisetti M, Annovazzi L, Casado B, Baraniuk J, Zanone C, Viglio S. Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic and capillary zone electrophoretic methods for screening urinary biomarkers of human disorders: a critical review of the state-of-the-art. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:752-766. [PMID: 15669008 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human urine plays a central role in clinical diagnostic being one of the most-frequently used body fluid for detection of biological markers. Samples from patients with different diseases display patterns of biomarkers that differ significantly from those obtained from healthy subjects. The availability of fast, reproducible, and easy-to-apply analytical techniques that would allow identification of a large number of these analytes is thus highly desiderable since they may provide detailed information about the progression of a pathological process. From among the variety of methods so far applied for the determination of urinary metabolites, capillary electrophoresis, both in the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) modes, represents a robust and reliable analytical tool widely used in this area. The aim of the present article is to focus the interest of the reader on recent applications of MEKC and CZE in the field of urinary biomarkers and to discuss advantages and/or limitations of each mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Iadarola
- Dipartimento di Biochimica A.Castellani, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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12
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van Kuilenburg ABP, van Lenthe H, Löffler M, van Gennip AH. Analysis of Pyrimidine Synthesis “de Novo” Intermediates in Urine and Dried Urine Filter- Paper Strips with HPLC–Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2004; 50:2117-24. [PMID: 15375016 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.038869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The concentrations of the pyrimidine “de novo” metabolites and their degradation products in urine are useful indicators for the diagnosis of an inborn error of the pyrimidine de novo pathway or a urea-cycle defect. Until now, no procedure was available that allowed the analysis of all of these metabolites in a single analytical run. We describe a rapid, specific method to measure these metabolites by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry.
Methods: Urine or urine-soaked filter-paper strips were used to measure N-carbamyl-aspartate, dihydroorotate, orotate, orotidine, uridine, and uracil. Reversed-phase HPLC was combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and detection was performed by multiple-reaction monitoring. Stable-isotope-labeled reference compounds were used as internal standards.
Results: All pyrimidine de novo metabolites and their degradation products were measured within a single analytical run of 14 min with lower limits of detection of 0.4–3 μmol/L. The intra- and interassay variation for urine with added compounds was 1.2–5% for urines and 2–9% for filter-paper extracts of the urines. Recoveries of the added metabolites were 97–106% for urine samples and 97–115% for filter-paper extracts of the urines. Analysis of urine samples from patients with a urea-cycle defect or pyrimidine degradation defect showed an aberrant metabolic profile when compared with controls.
Conclusion: HPLC with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry allows rapid testing for disorders affecting the pyrimidine de novo pathway. The use of filter-paper strips could facilitate collection, transport, and storage of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B P van Kuilenburg
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital and Departments of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Krivánková L, Brezková M, Gebauer P, Bocek P. Importance of the counterion in optimization of a borate electrolyte system for analyses of anions in samples with complex matrices performed by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2004; 25:3406-15. [PMID: 15490446 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Borate buffers are common background electrolytes for analyses of anions in capillary zone electrophoresis. Usually, sodium borate at a given pH is used and this specification seems to be sufficient for a successful analysis. In this paper, we show that free migration of OH(-) may deteriorate the analysis of a typical anionic analysis of clinical samples due to uncontrolled migration of OH(-) throughout the systems of analyzed zones and may damage the stacking of anionic analytes of interest. We have proven that the use of ammonium borate may remedy the situation where the presence of ammonium may selectively stop the free migration of OH(-) ions, slow down their effective mobility and bring their safe behavior resulting in reproducible stacking of clinically important anions. Results of real analyses of human serum samples confirmed the proposed method and proved that substitution of sodium for ammonium in borate buffers offers reliable analyses of clinical samples having chloride as the bulk component. The experimental results given in this paper are supported also by computer simulation, which can not only support the positive results but also show the dynamics of the separation that is otherwise hidden to any detection possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Krivánková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Korman SH, Kanazawa N, Abu-Libdeh B, Gutman A, Tsujino S. Hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria syndrome with evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction due to a novel SLC25A15 (ORNT1) gene mutation in a Palestinian family. J Neurol Sci 2004; 218:53-8. [PMID: 14759633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2003.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2003] [Revised: 09/18/2003] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is caused by mutations in the SLC25A15 (ORNT1) gene encoding the mitochondrial ornithine transporter, but the mechanism of pathogenesis of the encephalopathy, spastic paraparesis and hepatopathy remains undetermined. HHH syndrome was diagnosed in a 2-year-old Palestinian boy with developmental delay and seizures, and subsequently in his 13-year-old brother with developmental delay. Direct sequencing of the PCR products of SLC25A15 exon amplifications revealed that both brothers were homozygous for a novel 446G deletion in exon 3 as well as for a 760A>T (I254L) polymorphism in exon 5, which is downstream of a premature termination codon produced by the frameshift resulting from the 446G deletion. The index patient had elevated liver enzymes as well as hyperalaninemia, lactic acidemia with an elevated lactate to pyruvate ratio, and increased urinary excretion of lactate, glutarate and Krebs cycle intermediates. These findings are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction and are in accordance with ultrastructural studies showing increased numbers of large and bizarre mitochondria in liver, muscle, leukocytes and fibroblasts of some HHH patients. Neurologic and hepatic manifestations are characteristic of some primary mitochondrial disorders. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of these same features in HHH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley H Korman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital Medical Center, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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15
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Danková M, Strasík S, Kaniansky D. Determination of orotic acid in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis in tandem-coupled columns with diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2003; 990:121-32. [PMID: 12685590 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Analytical potentialities of capillary zone electrophoresis in the separation system with tandem-coupled columns to the spectral identification and determination of orotic acid (OA) in urine by diode array detection (DAD), coupled to the separation system via optical fibers, were investigated. A very significant "in-column" clean-up of OA from urine matrix was reached in the separation stage of the tandem by combining a low pH (2.8) with complexing effects of electroneutral agents [alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and 3-(N,N-dimethyldodecylammonio)propanesulfonate]. Due to this, its DAD spectral data could be acquired in the detection stage of the tandem with almost no disturbances by matrix co-migrants. The concentration limits of detection obtained under such working conditions for a 200-nl sample load of OA and 320 microm I.D. capillary tubes were 3.5 micromol/l (218 nm) and 0.4 micromol/l (280 nm). Using chemometry procedures (target transformation factor analysis, fixed size moving window-evolving factor analysis, orthogonal projection approach and fixed size moving window-target transformation factor analysis) in processing of the acquired spectral data, the presence of OA in the loaded urine matrix could be confirmed with confidence when its concentration was 10 micromol/l or slightly less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Danková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina CH-2, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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16
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Salerno C, Crifò C. Diagnostic value of urinary orotic acid levels: applicable separation methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:57-71. [PMID: 12450653 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urinary orotic acid determination is a useful tool for screening hereditary orotic aciduria and for differentiating the hyperammonemia disorders which cannot be readily diagnosed by amino acid chromatography, thus reducing the need for enzyme determination in tissue biopsies. This review provides an overview of metabolic aberrations that may be related to increased orotic acid levels in urine, and summarises published methods for separation, identification and quantitative determination of orotic acid in urine samples. Applications of high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of urinary specimens are described. The advantages and limitations of these separation and identification methodologies as well as other less frequently employed techniques are assessed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Salerno
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Roma La Sapienza, via dei Sardi 58, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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17
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Fabbrizzi L, Licchelli M, Mancin F, Pizzeghello M, Rabaioli G, Taglietti A, Tecilla P, Tonellato U. Fluorescence sensing of ionic analytes in water: from transition metal ions to vitamin B13. Chemistry 2002; 8:94-101. [PMID: 11822467 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020104)8:1<94::aid-chem94>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence chemosensor ATMCA has been realised by appending an anthrylmethyl group to an amino nitrogen of TMCA (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trimethoxycyclohexane), a tripodal ligand selective for divalent first-row transition metal ions in water. The ATMCA ligand can act as a versatile sensor for ZnII and CuII ions. Its sensing ability can be switched by simply tuning the operating conditions. At pH 5, ATMCA detects copper(II) ions in aqueous solutions by the complexation-induced quenching of the anthracene emission. Metal ion concentrations < 1 microM can be readily detected and very little interference is exerted by other metal ions. At pH 7, ATMCA signals the presence of ZnII ions at concentrations < 1 microM by a complexation-induced enhancement of the fluorescence. Again the sensor is selective for ZnII over several divalent metal ions, with the exception of CuII, CoII and HgII. Most interestingly, the [ZnII(atmca)]2+ complex can act as a fluorescence sensor for specific organic species, notably selected dicarboxylic acids and nucleotides, by the formation of ternary ligand/zinc/substrate complexes. The oxalate anion is detected in concentrations <0.1 mM; however, no effects on the system's fluorescence is observed in the presence of monocarboxylic acids and long-chain dicarboxylic acids. Among the nucleotides, those containing an imide or amide function are readily detected and an unprecedented high sensitivity for guanine derivatives allows the determination of this nucleotide for 0.05-0.5 mM solutions. Moreover, [ZnII(atmca)]2+ is a very effective and selective sensor in the case of vitamin B13 (orotic acid) in sub-micromolar concentrations. The operative features of the systems investigated are also clearly suitable for intracellular analyses. The factors at the source of organic substrate recognition, here briefly discussed, are of paramount importance for further developments in the applicability of these sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fabbrizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Università di Pavia, Italy.
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Thormann W, Lurie IS, McCord B, Marti U, Cenni B, Malik N. Advances ofcapillary electrophoresis in clinical and forensic analysis (1999-2000). Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4216-43. [PMID: 11824639 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4216::aid-elps4216>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, capillary electrophoresis in clinical and forensic analysis is reviewed on the basis of the literature of 1999, 2000 and the first papers in 2001. An overview of progress relevant examples for each major field of application, namely (i) analysis of drug seizures, explosives residues, gunshot residues and inks, (ii) monitoring of drugs, endogenous small molecules and ions in biofluids and tissues, (iii) general screening for serum proteins and analysis of specific proteins (carbohydrate deficient transferrin, alpha1-antitrypsin, lipoproteins and hemoglobins) in biological fluids, and (iv) analysis of nucleic acids and oligonucleotides in biological samples, including oligonucleotide therapeutics, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Thormann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Prata C, Bonnafous P, Fraysse N, Treilhou M, Poinsot V, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4129-38. [PMID: 11824633 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4129::aid-elps4129>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are studied extensively using capillary electrophoresis. In this review we will report the different researchs which have been done in the literature since 1998. We will describe the developments of, detection methods, separations of enantiomers, the new medical applications, and amino acids in food and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prata
- Université Paul Sabatier, IMRCP, UMR 5623, Toulouse, France
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