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Katoh M, Nomura S, Yamada S, Ito M, Hayashi H, Katagiri M, Heryed T, Fujiwara T, Takeda N, Nishida M, Sugaya M, Kato M, Osawa T, Abe H, Sakurai Y, Ko T, Fujita K, Zhang B, Hatsuse S, Yamada T, Inoue S, Dai Z, Kubota M, Sawami K, Ono M, Morita H, Kubota Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Nakanishi M, Ushiku T, Nakagami H, Aburatani H, Komuro I. Vaccine Therapy for Heart Failure Targeting the Inflammatory Cytokine Igfbp7. Circulation 2024; 150:374-389. [PMID: 38991046 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart comprises many types of cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and blood cells. Every cell type responds to various stressors (eg, hemodynamic overload and ischemia) and changes its properties and interrelationships among cells. To date, heart failure research has focused mainly on cardiomyocytes; however, other types of cells and their cell-to-cell interactions might also be important in the pathogenesis of heart failure. METHODS Pressure overload was imposed on mice by transverse aortic constriction and the vascular structure of the heart was examined using a tissue transparency technique. Functional and molecular analyses including single-cell RNA sequencing were performed on the hearts of wild-type mice and EC-specific gene knockout mice. Metabolites in heart tissue were measured by capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry system. The vaccine was prepared by conjugating the synthesized epitope peptides with keyhole limpet hemocyanin and administered to mice with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. Tissue samples from heart failure patients were used for single-nucleus RNA sequencing to examine gene expression in ECs and perform pathway analysis in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Pressure overload induced the development of intricately entwined blood vessels in murine hearts, leading to the accumulation of replication stress and DNA damage in cardiac ECs. Inhibition of cell proliferation by a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor reduced DNA damage in ECs and ameliorated transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac dysfunction. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of Igfbp7 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7) expression in the senescent ECs and downregulation of insulin signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes of murine and human failing hearts. Overexpression of Igfbp7 in the murine heart using AAV9 (adeno-associated virus serotype 9) exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, while EC-specific deletion of Igfbp7 and the vaccine targeting Igfbp7 ameliorated cardiac dysfunction with increased oxidative phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes under pressure overload. CONCLUSIONS Igfbp7 produced by senescent ECs causes cardiac dysfunction and vaccine therapy targeting Igfbp7 may be useful to prevent the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Katoh
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Frontier Cardiovascular Science (M.Katoh, T.K., S.I., S.N., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Science Division (M.Katoh, S.N., H. Aburatani), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Frontier Cardiovascular Science (M.Katoh, T.K., S.I., S.N., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Science Division (M.Katoh, S.N., H. Aburatani), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ito
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan (H.H., H.N.)
| | - Mikako Katagiri
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tuolisi Heryed
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishida
- Division of Integrative Nutriomics and Oncology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (M. Nishida, M.S., M.K., T.O.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Sugaya
- Division of Integrative Nutriomics and Oncology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (M. Nishida, M.S., M.K., T.O.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Kato
- Division of Integrative Nutriomics and Oncology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (M. Nishida, M.S., M.K., T.O.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Integrative Nutriomics and Oncology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (M. Nishida, M.S., M.K., T.O.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Pathology (H. Abe, T.U.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakurai
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine (Y.S.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ko
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Frontier Cardiovascular Science (M.Katoh, T.K., S.I., S.N., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujita
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hatsuse
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamada
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Inoue
- Frontier Cardiovascular Science (M.Katoh, T.K., S.I., S.N., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhehao Dai
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kubota
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Sawami
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Ono
- Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.O.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (S.M., S.T.)
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The Institute of Medical Science (M. Nakanishi), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Pathology (H. Abe, T.U.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.Katoh, S.N., S.Y., M.I., M.Katagiri, T.H., T.F., N.T., T.K., K.F., B.Z., S.H., T.Y., S.I., Z.D., M.Kubota, K.S., H.M., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division (M.Katoh, S.N., H. Aburatani), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Frontier Cardiovascular Science (M.Katoh, T.K., S.I., S.N., I.K.), The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (S.M., S.T.)
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Moreyra C, Moreyra E, Rozich JD. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Will Cardiac Magnetic Imaging Impact on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes?: Explaining the Need for Advanced Imaging to Clinical Stakeholders. Cardiol Rev 2024; 32:371-377. [PMID: 36576375 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians frequently equate symptoms of volume overload to heart failure (HF) but such generalization may preclude diagnostic or etiologic precision essential to optimizing outcomes. HF itself must be specified as the disparate types of cardiac pathology have been traditionally surmised by examination of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) as either HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF-LVEF >50%) or reduced LVEF of (HFrEF-LVEF <40%). More recent data support a third, potentially transitional HF subtype, but therapy, assessment, and prognosis have been historically dictated within the corresponding LV metrics determined by echocardiography. The present effort asks whether this historically dominant role of echocardiography is now shifting slightly, becoming instead a shared if not complimentary test. Will there be a gradual increasing profile for cardiac magnetic resonance as the attempt to further refine our understanding, diagnostic accuracy, and outcomes for HFpEF is attempted?
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Moreyra
- From the Cardiology Department, Sanatorium Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Moreyra
- From the Cardiology Department, Sanatorium Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
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3
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Eshraghi R, Shafie D, Raisi A, Goleij P, Mirzaei H. Circular RNAs: a small piece in the heart failure puzzle. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38760573 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, specifically heart failure (HF), remains a significant concern in the realm of healthcare, necessitating the development of new treatments and biomarkers. The RNA family consists of various subgroups, including microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRAN) and long non-coding RNAs, which have shown potential in advancing personalized healthcare for HF patients. Recent research suggests that circular RNAs, a lesser-known subgroup of RNAs, may offer a novel set of targets and biomarkers for HF. This review will discuss the biogenesis of circular RNAs, their unique characteristics relevant to HF, their role in heart function, and their potential use as biomarkers in the bloodstream. Furthermore, future research directions in this field will be outlined. The stability of exosomal circRNAs makes them suitable as biomarkers, pathogenic regulators, and potential treatments for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, ischemia/reperfusion injury, HF, and peripheral artery disease. Herein, we summarized the role of circular RNAs and their exosomal forms in HF diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eshraghi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Davood Shafie
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Raisi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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4
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Schulz L, Werner S, Böttner J, Adams V, Lurz P, Besler C, Thiele H, Büttner P. Tubulin expression and modification in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15734. [PMID: 36131110 PMCID: PMC9492725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterised by increased left ventricular stiffness and impaired active relaxation. Underpinning pathomechanisms are incompletely understood. Cardiac hypertrophy and end stage heart disease are associated with alterations in the cardiac microtubule (MT) network. Increased amounts and modifications of α-tubulin associate with myocardial stiffness. MT alterations in HFpEF have not been analysed yet. Using ZSF1 obese rats (O-ZSF1), a validated HFpEF model, we characterised MT-modifying enzymes, quantity and tyrosination/detyrosination pattern of α-tubulin at 20 and 32 weeks of age. In the left ventricle of O-ZSF1, α-tubulin concentration (20 weeks: 1.5-fold, p = 0.019; 32 weeks: 1.7-fold, p = 0.042) and detyrosination levels (20 weeks: 1.4-fold, p = 0.013; 32 weeks: 1.3-fold, p = 0.074) were increased compared to lean ZSF1 rats. Tyrosination/α-tubulin ratio was lower in O-ZSF1 (20 weeks: 0.8-fold, p = 0.020; 32 weeks: 0.7-fold, p = 0.052). Expression of α-tubulin modifying enzymes was comparable. These results reveal new alterations in the left ventricle in HFpEF that are detectable during early (20 weeks) and late (32 weeks) progression. We suppose that these alterations contribute to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF and that reestablishment of MT homeostasis might represent a new target for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schulz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Cardiology, University Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Besler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
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5
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Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the advancement of modern technology, the role(s) of microtubules in the pathogenesis of heart disease has become increasingly apparent, though currently there are limited treatments targeting microtubule-relevant mechanisms. Here, we review the functions of microtubules in the cardiovascular system and their specific adaptive and pathological phenotypes in cardiac disorders. We further explore the use of microtubule-targeting drugs and highlight promising druggable therapeutic targets for the future treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Warner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China (Y.L.)
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
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6
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Akhmanova A, Kapitein LC. Mechanisms of microtubule organization in differentiated animal cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:541-558. [PMID: 35383336 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polarized cytoskeletal filaments that serve as tracks for intracellular transport and form a scaffold that positions organelles and other cellular components and modulates cell shape and mechanics. In animal cells, the geometry, density and directionality of microtubule networks are major determinants of cellular architecture, polarity and proliferation. In dividing cells, microtubules form bipolar spindles that pull chromosomes apart, whereas in interphase cells, microtubules are organized in a cell type-specific fashion, which strongly correlates with cell physiology. In motile cells, such as fibroblasts and immune cells, microtubules are organized as radial asters, whereas in immotile epithelial and neuronal cells and in muscles, microtubules form parallel or antiparallel arrays and cortical meshworks. Here, we review recent work addressing how the formation of such microtubule networks is driven by the plethora of microtubule regulatory proteins. These include proteins that nucleate or anchor microtubule ends at different cellular structures and those that sever or move microtubules, as well as regulators of microtubule elongation, stability, bundling or modifications. The emerging picture, although still very incomplete, shows a remarkable diversity of cell-specific mechanisms that employ conserved building blocks to adjust microtubule organization in order to facilitate different cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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7
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Abstract
Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells. The structure and composition of microtubules regulate their function, and the dynamic remodeling of the network by posttranslational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins generates diverse populations of microtubules adapted for various contexts. In the cardiomyocyte, the microtubules must accommodate the unique challenges faced by a highly contractile, rigidly structured, and long-lasting cell. Through their canonical trafficking role and positioning of mRNA, proteins, and organelles, microtubules regulate essential cardiomyocyte functions such as electrical activity, calcium handling, protein translation, and growth. In a more specialized role, posttranslationally modified microtubules form load-bearing structures that regulate myocyte mechanics and mechanotransduction. Modified microtubules proliferate in cardiovascular diseases, creating stabilized resistive elements that impede cardiomyocyte contractility and contribute to contractile dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the most exciting new concepts emerging from recent studies into canonical and noncanonical roles of cardiomyocyte microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Uchida
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Emily A Scarborough
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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Huang XH, Li JL, Li XY, Wang SX, Jiao ZH, Li SQ, Liu J, Ding J. miR-208a in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773314. [PMID: 34957257 PMCID: PMC8695683 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various stresses, including pressure overload and myocardial stretch, can trigger cardiac remodeling and result in heart diseases. The disorders are associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality and are among the major health problems in the world. MicroRNAs, a class of ~22nt-long small non-coding RNAs, have been found to participate in regulating heart development and function. One of them, miR-208a, a cardiac-specific microRNA, plays key role(s) in modulating gene expression in the heart, and is involved in a broad array of processes in cardiac pathogenesis. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of miR-208a in rodents attenuated stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Transgenic expression of miR-208a in the heart was sufficient to cause hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. miR-208a is also a key regulator of cardiac conduction system, either deletion or transgenic expression of miR-208a disturbed heart electrophysiology and could induce arrhythmias. In addition, miR-208a appeared to assist in regulating the expression of fast- and slow-twitch myofiber genes in the heart. Notably, this heart-specific miRNA could also modulate the “endocrine” function of cardiac muscle and govern the systemic energy homeostasis in the whole body. Despite of the critical roles, the underlying regulatory networks involving miR-208a are still elusive. Here, we summarize the progress made in understanding the function and mechanisms of this important miRNA in the heart, and propose several topics to be resolved as well as the hypothetical answers. We speculate that miR-208a may play diverse and even opposite roles by being involved in distinct molecular networks depending on the contexts. A deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms of its action under the conditions of cardiac homeostasis and diseases is needed. The clinical implications of miR-208a are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Huai Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Lu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yue Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Xia Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Han Jiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Goldblum RR, McClellan M, White K, Gonzalez SJ, Thompson BR, Vang HX, Cohen H, Higgins L, Markowski TW, Yang TY, Metzger JM, Gardner MK. Oxidative stress pathogenically remodels the cardiac myocyte cytoskeleton via structural alterations to the microtubule lattice. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2252-2266.e6. [PMID: 34343476 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the failing heart, the cardiac myocyte microtubule network is remodeled, which contributes to cellular contractile failure and patient death. However, the origins of this deleterious cytoskeletal reorganization are unknown. We now find that oxidative stress, a condition characteristic of heart failure, leads to cysteine oxidation of microtubules. Our electron and fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed regions of structural damage within the microtubule lattice that occurred at locations of oxidized tubulin. The incorporation of GTP-tubulin into these damaged, oxidized regions led to stabilized "hot spots" within the microtubule lattice, which suppressed the shortening of dynamic microtubules. Thus, oxidative stress may act inside of cardiac myocytes to facilitate a pathogenic shift from a sparse microtubule network into a dense, aligned network. Our results demonstrate how a disease condition characterized by oxidative stress can trigger a molecular oxidation event, which likely contributes to a toxic cellular-scale transformation of the cardiac myocyte microtubule network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Goldblum
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyle White
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samuel J Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian R Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hluechy X Vang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Houda Cohen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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10
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Yashirogi S, Nagao T, Nishida Y, Takahashi Y, Qaqorh T, Yazawa I, Katayama T, Kioka H, Matsui TS, Saito S, Masumura Y, Tsukamoto O, Kato H, Ueda H, Yamaguchi O, Yashiro K, Yamazaki S, Takashima S, Shintani Y. AMPK regulates cell shape of cardiomyocytes by modulating turnover of microtubules through CLIP-170. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50949. [PMID: 33251722 PMCID: PMC7788454 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a multifunctional kinase that regulates microtubule (MT) dynamic instability through CLIP-170 phosphorylation; however, its physiological relevance in vivo remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identified an active form of AMPK localized at the intercalated disks in the heart, a specific cell-cell junction present between cardiomyocytes. A contractile inhibitor, MYK-461, prevented the localization of AMPK at the intercalated disks, and the effect was reversed by the removal of MYK-461, suggesting that the localization of AMPK is regulated by mechanical stress. Time-lapse imaging analysis revealed that the inhibition of CLIP-170 Ser-311 phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the accumulation of MTs at the intercalated disks. Interestingly, MYK-461 increased the individual cell area of cardiomyocytes in CLIP-170 phosphorylation-dependent manner. Moreover, heart-specific CLIP-170 S311A transgenic mice demonstrated elongation of cardiomyocytes along with accumulated MTs, leading to progressive decline in cardiac contraction. In conclusion, these findings suggest that AMPK regulates the cell shape and aspect ratio of cardiomyocytes by modulating the turnover of MTs through homeostatic phosphorylation of CLIP-170 at the intercalated disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yashirogi
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Takemasa Nagao
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Tasneem Qaqorh
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Issei Yazawa
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Toru Katayama
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Hidetaka Kioka
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Division of BioengineeringGraduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaJapan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Biomedical ImagingNational Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Medical Physics and EngineeringDivision of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Yuki Masumura
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Hiromichi Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and NephrologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, EhimeJapan
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyDepartment of AnatomyKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency‐Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)KawaguchiJapan
| | - Yasunori Shintani
- Department of Medical BiochemistryOsaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biological ScienceSuita, OsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuita, OsakaJapan
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11
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Chen CY, Salomon AK, Caporizzo MA, Curry S, Kelly NA, Bedi K, Bogush AI, Krämer E, Schlossarek S, Janiak P, Moutin MJ, Carrier L, Margulies KB, Prosser BL. Depletion of Vasohibin 1 Speeds Contraction and Relaxation in Failing Human Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2020; 127:e14-e27. [PMID: 32272864 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impaired myocardial relaxation is an intractable feature of several heart failure (HF) causes. In human HF, detyrosinated microtubules stiffen cardiomyocytes and impair relaxation. Yet the identity of detyrosinating enzymes have remained ambiguous, hindering mechanistic study and therapeutic development. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine if the recently identified complex of VASH1/2 (vasohibin 1/2) and SVBP (small vasohibin binding protein) is an active detyrosinase in cardiomyocytes and if genetic inhibition of VASH-SVBP is sufficient to lower stiffness and improve contractility in HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptional profiling revealed that VASH1 transcript is >10-fold more abundant than VASH2 in human hearts. Using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against VASH1, VASH2, and SVBP, we showed that both VASH1- and VASH2-SVBP complexes function as tubulin carboxypeptidases in cardiomyocytes, with a predominant role for VASH1. We also generated a catalytically dead version of the tyrosinating enzyme TTL (TTL-E331Q) to separate the microtubule depolymerizing effects of TTL from its enzymatic activity. Assays of microtubule stability revealed that both TTL and TTL-E331Q depolymerize microtubules, while VASH1 and SVBP depletion reduce detyrosination independent of depolymerization. We next probed effects on human cardiomyocyte contractility. Contractile kinetics were slowed in HF, with dramatically slowed relaxation in cardiomyocytes from patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Knockdown of VASH1 conferred subtle kinetic improvements in nonfailing cardiomyocytes, while markedly improving kinetics in failing cardiomyocytes. Further, TTL, but not TTL-E331Q, robustly sped relaxation. Simultaneous measurements of calcium transients and contractility demonstrated that VASH1 depletion speeds kinetics independent from alterations to calcium cycling. Finally, atomic force microscopy confirmed that VASH1 depletion reduces the stiffness of failing human cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS VASH-SVBP complexes are active tubulin carboxypeptidases in cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of VASH1 or activation of TTL is sufficient to lower stiffness and speed relaxation in cardiomyocytes from patients with HF, supporting further pursuit of detyrosination as a therapeutic target for diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Yingxian Chen
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Alexander K Salomon
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Matthew A Caporizzo
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Sam Curry
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Neil A Kelly
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth Bedi
- Department of Medicine (K.B., K.B.M.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Alexey I Bogush
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Elisabeth Krämer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.)
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.)
| | - Philip Janiak
- Cardiovascular Research, Sanofi R&D, Chilly-Mazarin, France (P.J.)
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France (M.-J.M.).,Inserm, U1216, F-38000 Grenoble, France (M.-J.M.)
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.)
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Department of Medicine (K.B., K.B.M.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute (K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute (K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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12
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Caporizzo MA, Chen CY, Bedi K, Margulies KB, Prosser BL. Microtubules Increase Diastolic Stiffness in Failing Human Cardiomyocytes and Myocardium. Circulation 2020; 141:902-915. [PMID: 31941365 PMCID: PMC7078018 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastolic dysfunction is a prevalent and therapeutically intractable feature of heart failure (HF). Increasing ventricular compliance can improve diastolic performance, but the viscoelastic forces that resist diastolic filling and become elevated in human HF are poorly defined. Having recently identified posttranslationally detyrosinated microtubules as a source of viscoelasticity in cardiomyocytes, we sought to test whether microtubules contribute meaningful viscoelastic resistance to diastolic stretch in human myocardium. METHODS Experiments were conducted in isolated human cardiomyocytes and trabeculae. First, slow and rapid (diastolic) stretch was applied to intact cardiomyocytes from nonfailing and HF hearts and viscoelasticity was characterized after interventions targeting microtubules. Next, intact left ventricular trabeculae from HF patient hearts were incubated with colchicine or vehicle and subject to pre- and posttreatment mechanical testing, which consisted of a staircase protocol and rapid stretches from slack length to increasing strains. RESULTS Viscoelasticity was increased during diastolic stretch of HF cardiomyocytes compared with nonfailing counterparts. Reducing either microtubule density or detyrosination reduced myocyte stiffness, particularly at diastolic strain rates, indicating reduced viscous forces. In myocardial tissue, we found microtubule depolymerization reduced myocardial viscoelasticity, with an effect that decreased with increasing strain. Colchicine reduced viscoelasticity at strains below, but not above, 15%, with a 2-fold reduction in energy dissipation upon microtubule depolymerization. Post hoc subgroup analysis revealed that myocardium from patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction were more fibrotic and elastic than myocardium from patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, which were relatively more viscous. Colchicine reduced viscoelasticity in both HF with preserved ejection fraction and HF with reduced ejection fraction myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Failing cardiomyocytes exhibit elevated viscosity and reducing microtubule density or detyrosination lowers viscoelastic resistance to diastolic stretch in human myocytes and myocardium. In failing myocardium, microtubules elevate stiffness over the typical working range of strains and strain rates, but exhibited diminishing effects with increasing length, consistent with an increasing contribution of the extracellular matrix or myofilament proteins at larger excursions. These studies indicate that a stabilized microtubule network provides a viscous impediment to diastolic stretch, particularly in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Physiology (M.A.C., C.Y.C., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (M.A.C., C.Y.C., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Christina Yingxian Chen
- Department of Physiology (M.A.C., C.Y.C., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (M.A.C., C.Y.C., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Ken Bedi
- Department of Medicine (K.B., K.B.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Cardiovascular Institute (K.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Department of Physiology (M.A.C., C.Y.C., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine (K.B., K.B.M.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Cardiovascular Institute (K.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology (M.A.C., C.Y.C., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (M.A.C., C.Y.C., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Cardiovascular Institute (K.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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13
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Li C, Liu F, Liu S, Pan H, Du H, Huang J, Xie Y, Li Y, Zhao R, Wei Y. Elevated myocardial SORBS2 and the underlying implications in left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102695. [PMID: 32143182 PMCID: PMC7058526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a hereditary heart disease characterized by an excessive trabecular meshwork of deep intertrabecular recesses within the ventricular myocardium. The guidelines for management of LVNC patients aim to improve quality of life by preventing cardiac heart failure. However, the mechanism underlying LVNC-associated heart failure remains poorly understood. Methods Using protein mass spectrometry analysis, we established that Sorbin And SH3 Domain Containing 2 (SORBS2) is up-regulated in LVNC hearts without changes to structure proteins. We conducted in vivo experiments wherein the heart tissues of wild-type mice were injected with an AAV9 vector to overexpress SORBS2, followed by analysis using echocardiography, T-tubule analysis and Ca2+ imaging to identify functional and morphological changes. In addition, we analyzed the function and structure of SORBS2 overexpressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CM) via immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and confocal Ca2+ imaging. Findings LVNC myocardial tissues feature strongly elevated expression of SORBS2, microtubule densification and redistribution of Junctophilin 2 (JP2). SORBS2 interacts with β-tubulin, promoting its polymerization in 293T cells and hESC-derived CMs. In vivo, cardiac dysfunction, β-tubulin densification, JP2 translocation, T-tubule disorganization and Ca2+ handling dysfunction were observed in mice overexpressing SORBS2. Interpretation We identified a novel mechanism through which SORBS2 interacts with β-tubulin and promotes microtubule densification, eventually effecting JP2 distribution and T-tubule, potentially contributing to heart failure in LVNC disease. Fund This work was supported by a CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine grant (CAMS-I2M, 2016-I2M-1-015 to Y.J.Wei)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Haizhou Pan
- Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yanfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ranxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China.
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14
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Ali H, Braga L, Giacca M. Cardiac regeneration and remodelling of the cardiomyocyte cytoarchitecture. FEBS J 2020; 287:417-438. [PMID: 31743572 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammals are unable to regenerate their hearts after cardiac injury, largely due to the incapacity of cardiomyocytes (CMs) to undergo cell division. However, mammalian embryonic and fetal CMs, similar to CMs from fish and amphibians during their entire life, exhibit robust replicative activity, which stops abruptly after birth and never significantly resumes. Converging evidence indicates that formation of the highly ordered and stable cytoarchitecture of mammalian mature CMs is coupled with loss of their proliferative potential. Here, we review the available information on the role of the cardiac cytoskeleton and sarcomere in the regulation of CM proliferation. The actin cytoskeleton, the intercalated disc, the microtubular network and the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex each sense mechanical cues from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, they participate in the regulation of CM proliferation by impinging on the yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif, β-catenin and myocardin-related transcription factor transcriptional co-activators. Mastering the molecular mechanisms regulating CM proliferation would permit the development of innovative strategies to stimulate cardiac regeneration in adult individuals, a hitherto unachieved yet fundamental therapeutic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ali
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, UK.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, UK.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, UK.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
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15
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Elimination of fukutin reveals cellular and molecular pathomechanisms in muscular dystrophy-associated heart failure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5754. [PMID: 31848331 PMCID: PMC6917736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the major cause of death for muscular dystrophy patients, however, the molecular pathomechanism remains unknown. Here, we show the detailed molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy in mice lacking the fukutin gene (Fktn), the causative gene for Fukuyama muscular dystrophy. Although cardiac Fktn elimination markedly reduced α-dystroglycan glycosylation and dystrophin-glycoprotein complex proteins in sarcolemma at all developmental stages, cardiac dysfunction was observed only in later adulthood, suggesting that membrane fragility is not the sole etiology of cardiac dysfunction. During young adulthood, Fktn-deficient mice were vulnerable to pathological hypertrophic stress with downregulation of Akt and the MEF2-histone deacetylase axis. Acute Fktn elimination caused severe cardiac dysfunction and accelerated mortality with myocyte contractile dysfunction and disordered Golgi-microtubule networks, which were ameliorated with colchicine treatment. These data reveal fukutin is crucial for maintaining myocyte physiology to prevent heart failure, and thus, the results may lead to strategies for therapeutic intervention. Mutations in Ftkn cause Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, and heart failure is the main cause of death in thes patients. Here the authors show that acute elimination of Fktn in adult mice causes early mortality, and this is associated with myocyte dysfunction, with disorganised Golg-microtubule networks, and that the pathology can be ameliorated with colchicine treatment.
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16
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Caporizzo MA, Chen CY, Prosser BL. Cardiac microtubules in health and heart disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1255-1272. [PMID: 31398994 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219868960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are large (∼40,000 µm3), rod-shaped muscle cells that provide the working force behind each heartbeat. These highly structured cells are packed with dense cytoskeletal networks that can be divided into two groups—the contractile (i.e. sarcomeric) cytoskeleton that consists of filamentous actin-myosin arrays organized into myofibrils, and the non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton, which is composed of β- and γ-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Together, microtubules and intermediate filaments form a cross-linked scaffold, and these networks are responsible for the delivery of intracellular cargo, the transmission of mechanical signals, the shaping of membrane systems, and the organization of myofibrils and organelles. Microtubules are extensively altered as part of both adaptive and pathological cardiac remodeling, which has diverse ramifications for the structure and function of the cardiomyocyte. In heart failure, the proliferation and post-translational modification of the microtubule network is linked to a number of maladaptive processes, including the mechanical impediment of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation. This raises the possibility that reversing microtubule alterations could improve cardiac performance, yet therapeutic efforts will strongly benefit from a deeper understanding of basic microtubule biology in the heart. The aim of this review is to summarize the known physiological roles of the cardiomyocyte microtubule network, the consequences of its pathological remodeling, and to highlight the open and intriguing questions regarding cardiac microtubules. Impact statement Advancements in cell biological and biophysical approaches and super-resolution imaging have greatly broadened our view of tubulin biology over the last decade. In the heart, microtubules and microtubule-based transport help to organize and maintain key structures within the cardiomyocyte, including the sarcomere, intercalated disc, protein clearance machinery and transverse-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. It has become increasingly clear that post translational regulation of microtubules is a key determinant of their sub-cellular functionality. Alterations in microtubule network density, stability, and post-translational modifications are hallmarks of pathological cardiac remodeling, and modified microtubules can directly impede cardiomyocyte contractile function in various forms of heart disease. This review summarizes the functional roles and multi-leveled regulation of the cardiac microtubule cytoskeleton and highlights how refined experimental techniques are shedding mechanistic clarity on the regionally specified roles of microtubules in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina Yingxian Chen
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Chen CY, Caporizzo MA, Bedi K, Vite A, Bogush AI, Robison P, Heffler JG, Salomon AK, Kelly NA, Babu A, Morley MP, Margulies KB, Prosser BL. Suppression of detyrosinated microtubules improves cardiomyocyte function in human heart failure. Nat Med 2018; 24:1225-1233. [PMID: 29892068 PMCID: PMC6195768 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Detyrosinated microtubules provide mechanical resistance that can impede the motion of contracting cardiomyocytes. However, the functional effects of microtubule detyrosination in heart failure or in human hearts have not previously been studied. Here, we utilize mass spectrometry and single-myocyte mechanical assays to characterize changes to the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton and their functional consequences in human heart failure. Proteomic analysis of left ventricle tissue reveals a consistent upregulation and stabilization of intermediate filaments and microtubules in failing human hearts. As revealed by super-resolution imaging, failing cardiomyocytes are characterized by a dense, heavily detyrosinated microtubule network, which is associated with increased myocyte stiffness and impaired contractility. Pharmacological suppression of detyrosinated microtubules lowers the viscoelasticity of failing myocytes and restores 40-50% of lost contractile function; reduction of microtubule detyrosination using a genetic approach also softens cardiomyocytes and improves contractile kinetics. Together, these data demonstrate that a modified cytoskeletal network impedes contractile function in cardiomyocytes from failing human hearts and that targeting detyrosinated microtubules could represent a new inotropic strategy for improving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Yingxian Chen
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Bedi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexia Vite
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexey I Bogush
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Robison
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie G Heffler
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex K Salomon
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil A Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Kerr JP, Robison P, Shi G, Bogush AI, Kempema AM, Hexum JK, Becerra N, Harki DA, Martin SS, Raiteri R, Prosser BL, Ward CW. Detyrosinated microtubules modulate mechanotransduction in heart and skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8526. [PMID: 26446751 PMCID: PMC4633818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In striated muscle, X-ROS is the mechanotransduction pathway by which mechanical stress transduced by the microtubule network elicits reactive oxygen species. X-ROS tunes Ca(2+) signalling in healthy muscle, but in diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), microtubule alterations drive elevated X-ROS, disrupting Ca(2+) homeostasis and impairing function. Here we show that detyrosination, a post-translational modification of α-tubulin, influences X-ROS signalling, contraction speed and cytoskeletal mechanics. In the mdx mouse model of DMD, the pharmacological reduction of detyrosination in vitro ablates aberrant X-ROS and Ca(2+) signalling, and in vivo it protects against hallmarks of DMD, including workload-induced arrhythmias and contraction-induced injury in skeletal muscle. We conclude that detyrosinated microtubules increase cytoskeletal stiffness and mechanotransduction in striated muscle and that targeting this post-translational modification may have broad therapeutic potential in muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn P. Kerr
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Patrick Robison
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Guoli Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Alexey I. Bogush
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aaron M. Kempema
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Joseph K. Hexum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Natalia Becerra
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Daniel A. Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- Marlene and Stuart Greenebaum National Cancer Institute Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Roberto Raiteri
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genova, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Benjamin L. Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christopher W. Ward
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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19
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Chen B, Zhang C, Guo A, Song LS. In situ single photon confocal imaging of cardiomyocyte T-tubule system from Langendorff-perfused hearts. Front Physiol 2015; 6:134. [PMID: 25999861 PMCID: PMC4422017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse tubules (T-tubules) are orderly invaginations of the sarcolemma in mammalian cardiomyocytes. The integrity of T-tubule architecture is critical for cardiac excitation–contraction coupling function. T-tubule remodeling is recognized as a key player in cardiac dysfunction. Early studies on T-tubule structure were based on electron microscopy, which uncovered important information about the T-tubule architecture. The advent of fluorescent membrane probes allowed the application of confocal microscopy to investigations of T-tubule structure. Studies have now been extended beyond single cardiomyocytes to examine the T-tubule network in intact hearts through in situ confocal imaging of Langendorff-perfused hearts. This technique has allowed visualization of T-tubule organization in their natural habitat, avoiding the damage induced by isolation of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, it is possible to obtain T-tubule images in different subepicardial regions in a single intact heart. We review how this state-of-the-art imaging technique has provided important mechanistic insights into maturation of T-tubules in developing hearts and defined the role of T-tubule remodeling in development and progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyi Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ang Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
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20
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Yancey DM, Guichard JL, Ahmed MI, Zhou L, Murphy MP, Johnson MS, Benavides GA, Collawn J, Darley-Usmar V, Dell'Italia LJ. Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial oxidative stress and cytoskeletal breakdown in the heart with a primary volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H651-63. [PMID: 25599572 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00638.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) volume overload (VO) results in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Because mitochondria are both a source and target of ROS, we hypothesized that the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant mitoubiquinone (MitoQ) will improve cardiomyocyte damage and LV dysfunction in VO. Isolated cardiomyocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to stretch in vitro and VO of aortocaval fistula (ACF) in vivo. ACF rats were treated with and without MitoQ. Isolated cardiomyocytes were analyzed after 3 h of cyclical stretch or 8 wk of ACF with MitoSox red or 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to measure ROS and with tetramethylrhodamine to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used for cardiomyocyte structural assessment. In vitro cyclical stretch and 8-wk ACF resulted in increased cardiomyocyte mitochondrial ROS production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, which were significantly improved by MitoQ. ACF had extensive loss of desmin and β₂-tubulin that was paralleled by mitochondrial disorganization, loss of cristae, swelling, and clustering identified by mitochondria complex IV staining and transmission electron microscopy. MitoQ improved mitochondrial structural damage and attenuated desmin loss/degradation evidenced by immunohistochemistry and protein expression. However, LV dilatation and fractional shortening were unaffected by MitoQ treatment in 8-wk ACF. In conclusion, although MitoQ did not affect LV dilatation or function in ACF, these experiments suggest a connection of cardiomyocyte mitochondria-derived ROS production with cytoskeletal disruption and mitochondrial damage in the VO of ACF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Yancey
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jason L Guichard
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mustafa I Ahmed
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lufang Zhou
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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21
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RNA-sequencing analysis reveals new alterations in cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal genes in patients with heart failure. J Transl Med 2014; 94:645-53. [PMID: 24709777 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal components, a crucial scaffold of cellular structure, have been found in heart failure (HF); however, the altered cytoskeletal network remains to be elucidated. This study investigated a new map of cytoskeleton-linked alterations that further explain the cardiomyocyte morphology and contraction disruption in HF. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was performed in 29 human LV tissue samples from ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; n=13) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, n=10) patients undergoing cardiac transplantation and six healthy donors (control, CNT) and up to 16 ICM, 13 DCM and 7 CNT tissue samples for qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology analysis of RNA-Seq data demonstrated that cytoskeletal processes are altered in HF. We identified 60 differentially expressed cytoskeleton-related genes in ICM and 58 genes in DCM comparing with CNT, hierarchical clustering determined that shared cytoskeletal genes have a similar behavior in both pathologies. We further investigated MYLK4, RHOU, and ANKRD1 cytoskeletal components. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that MYLK4 was downregulated (-2.2-fold; P<0.05) and ANKRD1 was upregulated (2.3-fold; P<0.01) in ICM patients vs CNT. RHOU mRNA levels showed a statistical trend to decrease (-2.9-fold). In DCM vs CNT, MYLK4 (-4.0-fold; P<0.05) and RHOU (-3.9-fold; P<0.05) were downregulated and ANKRD1 (2.5-fold; P<0.05) was upregulated. Accordingly, MYLK4 and ANKRD1 protein levels were decreased and increased, respectively, in both diseases. Furthermore, ANKRD1 and RHOU mRNA levels were related with LV function (P<0.05). In summary, we have found a new map of changes in the ICM and DCM cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton. ANKRD1 and RHOU mRNA levels were related with LV function which emphasizes their relevance in HF. These new cytoskeletal changes may be responsible for altered contraction and cell architecture disruption in HF patients. Moreover, these results improve our knowledge on the role of cytoskeleton in functional and structural alterations in HF.
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22
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Zhang C, Chen B, Guo A, Zhu Y, Miller JD, Gao S, Yuan C, Kutschke W, Zimmerman K, Weiss RM, Wehrens XHT, Hong J, Johnson FL, Santana LF, Anderson ME, Song LS. Microtubule-mediated defects in junctophilin-2 trafficking contribute to myocyte transverse-tubule remodeling and Ca2+ handling dysfunction in heart failure. Circulation 2014; 129:1742-50. [PMID: 24519927 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.008452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac dysfunction in failing hearts of human patients and animal models is associated with both microtubule densification and transverse-tubule (T-tubule) remodeling. Our objective was to investigate whether microtubule densification contributes to T-tubule remodeling and excitation-contraction coupling dysfunction in heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS In a mouse model of pressure overload-induced cardiomyopathy by transaortic banding, colchicine, a microtubule depolymerizer, significantly ameliorated T-tubule remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. In cultured cardiomyocytes, microtubule depolymerization with nocodazole or colchicine profoundly attenuated T-tubule impairment, whereas microtubule polymerization/stabilization with taxol accelerated T-tubule remodeling. In situ immunofluorescence of heart tissue sections demonstrated significant disorganization of junctophilin-2 (JP2), a protein that bridges the T-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, in transaortic banded hearts as well as in human failing hearts, whereas colchicine injection significantly preserved the distribution of JP2 in transaortic banded hearts. In isolated mouse cardiomyocytes, prolonged culture or treatment with taxol resulted in pronounced redistribution of JP2 from T-tubules to the peripheral plasma membrane, without changing total JP2 expression. Nocodazole treatment antagonized JP2 redistribution. Moreover, overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of kinesin 1, a microtubule motor protein responsible for anterograde trafficking of proteins, protected against JP2 redistribution and T-tubule remodeling in culture. Finally, nocodazole treatment improved Ca(2+) handling in cultured myocytes by increasing the amplitude of Ca(2+) transients and reducing the frequency of Ca(2+) sparks. CONCLUSION Our data identify a mechanistic link between microtubule densification and T-tubule remodeling and reveal microtubule-mediated JP2 redistribution as a novel mechanism for T-tubule disruption, loss of excitation-contraction coupling, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.Z., B.C., A.G., Y.Z., S.G., W.K., R.M.W., F.L.J., M.E.A., L.-S.S.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.E.A.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., J.H.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.M.); Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (S.G.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (C.Y., L.F.S.); Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA (K.Z.); and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.H.T.W.)
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23
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Kumazawa A, Katoh H, Nonaka D, Watanabe T, Saotome M, Urushida T, Satoh H, Hayashi H. Microtubule Disorganization Affects the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Cardiac Myocytes. Circ J 2014; 78:1206-15. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Kumazawa
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hideki Katoh
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Daishi Nonaka
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoyuki Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Masao Saotome
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Urushida
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hideharu Hayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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24
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Stones R, Benoist D, Peckham M, White E. Microtubule proliferation in right ventricular myocytes of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 56:91-6. [PMID: 23261965 PMCID: PMC3605590 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are components of the cardiac cytoskeleton that can proliferate in response to pressure-overload in animal and human heart failure. We wished to test whether there was a proliferation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the right ventricle of rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and whether this contributed to contractile dysfunction. Male Wistar rats were injected with 60 mg/kg of MCT in saline or an equivalent volume of saline (CON). MCT produced clinical signs of heart failure within 4 weeks of injection. Expression of right ventricular mRNA for α-tubulin was measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Free and polymerised fractions of β-tubulin protein were assessed using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy was used to assess tyrosinated and acetylated (stabilized) microtubules. Right ventricular myocyte contraction was measured in response to the microtubule de-polymeriser colchicine (10 μmol/l for at least 1 h). Compared to CON, in MCT right ventricles there was a small but statistically significant increase in the expression of mRNA for α-tubulin (P < 0.001); total (P < 0.05) and polymerised fraction (P < 0.01) of β-tubulin protein and level of acetylated tubulin (P < 0.01). However colchicine treatment did not increase the contraction of MCT myocytes (P > 0.05) or affect their response to increased stimulation frequency. Our observations support the hypothesis that microtubule proliferation is a common response to pulmonary hypertension in failing right ventricles but suggest that the effect this has on contraction depends upon the specific experimental or clinical conditions that prevail and the subsequent level of microtubule proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Stones
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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25
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Dell'Italia L. The human story of aortic stenosis: a time for new surrogate markers in clinical decision making. Cardiology 2012; 122:20-2. [PMID: 22652836 DOI: 10.1159/000338162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Scuteri A, Castello L, Coluccia R, Modestino A, Nevola E, Volpe M. Depression is associated with increased occurrence of left ventricle concentric geometry in older subjects independently of blood pressure levels. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:915-921. [PMID: 20674315 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Depression is emerging as an independent risk factor for CV events, though mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. We investigated the relation between depression and LV hypertrophy (LVH) and LV structure in a group of elderly subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred seventy patients (mean age 79 ± 6 years) were enrolled. CV risk factors were assessed. Depression was defined as a score ≥ 6 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. On the basis of the presence of LVH and of LV relative wall thickness (RWT) 4 echocardiographic patterns of LV adaptation were defined: concentric LVH (LVH with increased RWT); eccentric LVH (LVH with normal RWT); concentric LV remodeling (no LVH with increased RWT); normal LV (no LVH with normal RWT). Prevalence of hypertension was approximately 86% and 24.7% had diabetes (n.s. depressed vs not depressed subjects). BP was comparable in these two groups (134.7 ± 1.4 vs 135.3 ± 1.8 mmHg, 77.1 ± 0.8 vs 76.3 ± 1.0 mmHg for SBP and DBP respectively). Depressed subjects (n = 165) showed a significantly higher occurrence of concentric LVH than not depressed, after adjustment for age, sex, and hypertension. Depression was associated with a 2.1 fold higher risk of showing a LV concentric, either remodeling or LVH, pattern after adjustment for age, sex, and traditional CV risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Depression is accompanied by a higher occurrence of concentric LVH in elderly subjects, independently of BP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scuteri
- UO Geriatria, INRCA, IRCCS, Via Cassia 1167, 00189 Roma, Italy.
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27
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Cheng G, Kasiganesan H, Baicu CF, Wallenborn JG, Kuppuswamy D, Cooper G. Cytoskeletal role in protection of the failing heart by β-adrenergic blockade. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H675-87. [PMID: 22081703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00867.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a dense microtubule network that impedes cardiac contraction and intracellular transport occurs in severe pressure overload hypertrophy. This process is highly dynamic, since microtubule depolymerization causes striking improvement in contractile function. A molecular etiology for this cytoskeletal alteration has been defined in terms of type 1 and type 2A phosphatase-dependent site-specific dephosphorylation of the predominant myocardial microtubule-associated protein (MAP)4, which then decorates and stabilizes microtubules. This persistent phosphatase activation is dependent upon ongoing upstream activity of p21-activated kinase-1, or Pak1. Because cardiac β-adrenergic activity is markedly and continuously increased in decompensated hypertrophy, and because β-adrenergic activation of cardiac Pak1 and phosphatases has been demonstrated, we asked here whether the highly maladaptive cardiac microtubule phenotype seen in pathological hypertrophy is based on β-adrenergic overdrive and thus could be reversed by β-adrenergic blockade. The data in this study, which were designed to answer this question, show that such is the case; that is, β(1)- (but not β(2)-) adrenergic input activates this pathway, which consists of Pak1 activation, increased phosphatase activity, MAP4 dephosphorylation, and thus the stabilization of a dense microtubule network. These data were gathered in a feline model of severe right ventricular (RV) pressure overload hypertrophy in response to tight pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in which a stable, twofold increase in RV mass is reached by 2 wk after pressure overloading. After 2 wk of hypertrophy induction, these PAB cats during the following 2 wk either had no further treatment or had β-adrenergic blockade. The pathological microtubule phenotype and the severe RV cellular contractile dysfunction otherwise seen in this model of RV hypertrophy (PAB No Treatment) was reversed in the treated (PAB β-Blockade) cats. Thus these data provide both a specific etiology and a specific remedy for the abnormal microtubule network found in some forms of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmao Cheng
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, PO Box 250773, Medical Univ. of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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29
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White E. Mechanical modulation of cardiac microtubules. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:177-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-0963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Cheng G, Takahashi M, Shunmugavel A, Wallenborn JG, DePaoli-Roach AA, Gergs U, Neumann J, Kuppuswamy D, Menick DR, Cooper G. Basis for MAP4 dephosphorylation-related microtubule network densification in pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38125-40. [PMID: 20889984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.148650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased activity of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases types 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) during maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy contributes to cardiac dysfunction and eventual failure, partly through effects on calcium metabolism. A second maladaptive feature of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy that instead leads to heart failure by interfering with cardiac contraction and intracellular transport is a dense microtubule network stabilized by decoration with microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4). In an earlier study we showed that the major determinant of MAP4-microtubule affinity, and thus microtubule network density and stability, is site-specific MAP4 dephosphorylation at Ser-924 and to a lesser extent at Ser-1056; this was found to be prominent in hypertrophied myocardium. Therefore, in seeking the etiology of this MAP4 dephosphorylation, we looked here at PP2A and PP1, as well as the upstream p21-activated kinase 1, in maladaptive pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. The activity of each was increased persistently during maladaptive hypertrophy, and overexpression of PP2A or PP1 in normal hearts reproduced both the microtubule network phenotype and the dephosphorylation of MAP4 Ser-924 and Ser-1056 seen in hypertrophy. Given the major microtubule-based abnormalities of contractile and transport function in maladaptive hypertrophy, these findings constitute a second important mechanism for phosphatase-dependent pathology in the hypertrophied and failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmao Cheng
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA
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31
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Gürtl B, Kratky D, Guelly C, Zhang L, Gorkiewicz G, Das SK, Tamilarasan KP, Hoefler G. Apoptosis and fibrosis are early features of heart failure in an animal model of metabolic cardiomyopathy. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:338-46. [PMID: 19563616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous experiments, we observed signs of cardiac failure in mice overexpressing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) under the control of a muscle specific promotor and in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) knockout mice overexpressing LPL under the control of the same promotor. In our current investigations, we focussed on morphological consequences and changes in mRNA and protein expression in hearts from these animals. mRNA expression was analysed by differential display analysis and Northern blot as well as by cDNA microarray analysis followed by pathway analysis. Protein expression was examined using immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Fibrosis was determined by chromotrope aniline blue staining for collagen. A distinct increase in the expression of alpha-tubulin mRNA was noted in hearts of all mutant mouse strains compared with the control. This result was paralleled by increased alpha-tubulin protein expression. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we detected an activation of apoptosis, in particular an increase of caspase-3 expression in hearts of mice overexpressing LPL but not in PPARalpha knockout mice overexpressing LPL. This finding was confirmed immunohistochemically. In addition, we identified a distinct interstitial increase in collagen and an increase around blood vessels. In our mouse model, we detect mRNA and protein changes typical for cardiomyopathy even before overt clinical signs of heart failure. In addition, a small but distinct increase in the rate of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic changes contributes to cardiac failure in mice overexpressing LPL, whereas additional deficiency in PPARalpha seems to protect hearts from these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gürtl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Abstract
LVDD as an early measure of myocardial end-organ damage is commonly associated with hypertension and may well precede development of LVH in hypertension. About half of the patients presenting with heart failure have a normal ejection fraction, a clinical syndrome that is commonly referred to as HFPEF or diastolic heart failure and is commonly associated with impaired LV relaxation and increased diastolic stiffness. DD and HFPEF are commonly associated with advancing age and hypertension and increase in prevalence in association with these conditions, but there is a paucity of data on any specific therapeutic regimen. Hypertension control appears to be the most effective strategy in improving diastolic function and possibly for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with HFPEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Verma
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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Cramariuc D, Cioffi G, Rieck ÅE, Devereux RB, Staal EM, Ray S, Wachtell K, Gerdts E. Low-Flow Aortic Stenosis in Asymptomatic Patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:390-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Compensatory or inappropriate left ventricular mass in different models of left ventricular pressure overload: comparison between patients with aortic stenosis and arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2009; 27:642-9. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32831cec98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jassal DS, Tam JW, Dumesnil JG, Giannoccaro PJ, Jue J, Pandey AS, Joyner CD, Teo KK, Chan KL. Clinical Usefulness of Tissue Doppler Imaging in Patients with Mild to Moderate Aortic Stenosis: A Substudy of the Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21:1023-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is characterized by prolonged relaxation, increased filling pressure, decreased contraction velocity, and reduced cardiac output. Phenotypical features of diastolic dysfunction can be observed at the level of the isolated myocyte. This article reviews the cellular mechanisms that control relaxation at the level of the myocyte in the healthy situation and discusses the alterations that can affect physiologic function during disease. It focuses specifically on the mechanisms that regulate intracellular calcium handling, and the response of the myofilaments to calcium, including the changes in these components that can contribute to diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Periasamy
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA.
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Ng DCH, Gebski BL, Grounds MD, Bogoyevitch MA. Myoseverin disrupts sarcomeric organization in myocytes: an effect independent of microtubule assembly inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:40-58. [PMID: 17948234 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although disruption of the microtubule (MT) array inhibits myogenesis in myocytes, the relationship between the assembly of microtubules (MT) and the organization of the contractile filaments is not clearly defined. We now report that the assembly of mature myofibrils in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes is disrupted by myoseverin, a compound previously shown to perturb the MT array in skeletal muscle cells. Myoseverin treated cardiac myocytes showed disruptions of the striated Z-bands containing alpha-actinin and desmin and the localization of tropomyosin, titin and myosin on mature sarcomeric filaments. In contrast, MT depolymerization by nocodazole did not perturb sarcomeric filaments. Similarly, expression of constitutively active stathmin as a non-chemical molecular method of MT depolymerization did not prevent sarcomere assembly. The extent of MT destabilization by myoseverin and nocodazole were comparable. Thus, the effect of myoseverin on sarcomere assembly was independent of its capacity for MT inhibition. Furthermore, we found that upon removal of myoseverin, sarcomeres reformed in the absence of an intact MT network. Sarcomere formation in cardiac myocytes therefore, does not appear to require an intact MT network and thus we conclude that a functional MT array appears to be dispensable for myofibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C H Ng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
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de Simone G, Gottdiener JS, Chinali M, Maurer MS. Left ventricular mass predicts heart failure not related to previous myocardial infarction: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:741-7. [PMID: 18204091 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The relationship of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to incident heart failure (HF) not attributable to myocardial infarction (MI) has not been defined. We assessed whether LVH is an independent predictor of MI-independent HF. METHODS AND RESULTS LVH was assessed by echocardiographic LV mass index (in g/m2.7) and excess of LV mass (eLVM, in % of the observed value) relative to the amount predicted by sex, stroke work, and height, using a prognostically validated equation in 2078 participants of Cardiovascular Health Study without prevalent MI and normal systolic function. Increasing eLVM was associated with progressively increasing left atrial dimension and concentric geometry, decreasing systolic (P < 0.0001), and diastolic function (P < 0.04). After adjustment for age, sex, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and antihypertensive therapy, and accounting for by incident MI, hazard of HF increased by 1% for each 1% increase in eLVM and by 3% for each g/m2.7 increase in LV mass index (both P < 0.0001). The results were confirmed when also C-reactive protein and measures of systolic (endocardial shortening) and diastolic function (categories of E/A ratio) were added to the Cox models. CONCLUSION In an elderly population, LVH, measured as LV mass index or eLVM is an independent predictor of incident HF not related to prevalent or incident MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Simone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Hospital, via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Scholz D, Baicu CF, Tuxworth WJ, Xu L, Kasiganesan H, Menick DR, Cooper G. Microtubule-dependent distribution of mRNA in adult cardiocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294:H1135-44. [PMID: 18178719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01275.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of myofibrillar proteins in the diffusion-restricted adult cardiocyte requires microtubule-based active transport of mRNAs as part of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to translation sites adjacent to nascent myofibrils. This is especially important for compensatory hypertrophy in response to hemodynamic overloading. The hypothesis tested here is that excessive microtubule decoration by microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) after cardiac pressure overloading could disrupt mRNP transport and thus hypertrophic growth. MAP4-overexpressing and pressure-overload hypertrophied adult feline cardiocytes were infected with an adenovirus encoding zipcode-binding protein 1-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein, which is incorporated into mRNPs, to allow imaging of these particles. Speed and distance of particle movement were measured via time-lapse microscopy. Microtubule depolymerization was used to study microtubule-based transport and distribution of mRNPs. Protein synthesis was assessed as radioautographic incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine. After microtubule depolymerization, mRNPs persist only perinuclearly and apparent mRNP production and protein synthesis decrease. Reestablishing microtubules restores mRNP production and transport as well as protein synthesis. MAP4 overdecoration of microtubules via adenovirus infection in vitro or following pressure overloading in vivo reduces the speed and average distance of mRNP movement. Thus cardiocyte microtubules are required for mRNP transport and structural protein synthesis, and MAP4 decoration of microtubules, whether directly imposed or accompanying pressure-overload hypertrophy, causes disruption of mRNP transport and protein synthesis. The dense, highly MAP4-decorated microtubule network seen in severe pressure-overload hypertrophy both may cause contractile dysfunction and, perhaps even more importantly, may prevent a fully compensatory growth response to hemodynamic overloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Scholz
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Cardiology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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Saji K, Fukumoto Y, Suzuki J, Fukui S, Nawata J, Shimokawa H. Colchicine, a microtubule depolymerizing agent, inhibits myocardial apoptosis in rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2007; 213:139-48. [PMID: 17917407 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.213.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is the most common cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. Both enhanced microtubule polymerization and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, the link between the two mechanisms remains to be elucidated. In this study, we thus address this important issue in cultured cardiomyocytes from Wistar rats in vitro and in angiotensin II (ATII)-infused rats in vivo. Confocal microscopy examination showed that in cultured rat cardiomyocytes, micrographic density of microtubules was increased by paclitaxel, a microtubule-polymerizing agent, and decreased by colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, but not affected by ATII, isoproterenol, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha alone. Immunoblotting analysis showed that Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which is associated with the activation of caspase-3, was significantly increased in ATII-stimulated cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro and in ATII-infused rats in vivo, both of which were inhibited by co-treatment with colchicine. Caspase-3 and TUNEL assay to detect apoptosis in vitro demonstrated that paclitaxel or ATII alone significantly enhanced and their combination further accelerated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which was again significantly inhibited by colchicine. Caspase-3 and TUNEL assay in vivo also demonstrated that ATII infusion significantly increased myocardial apoptosis and that co-treatment with colchicine significantly suppressed the apoptosis. In conclusion, these results indicate that a microtubule-depolymerizing agent could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Saji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Cooper G. Cytoskeletal networks and the regulation of cardiac contractility: microtubules, hypertrophy, and cardiac dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H1003-14. [PMID: 16679401 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00132.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton as classically defined for eukaryotic cells consists of three systems of protein filaments: the microtubules, the intermediate filaments, and the microfilaments. In mature striated muscle such as the heart of the adult mammal, these three types of cytoskeletal filaments are superimposed spatially on the myofilaments, a specialized system of contractile protein filaments. Each of these systems of protein filaments has the potential to respond in an adaptive or maladaptive manner during load-induced hypertrophic cardiac growth. However, the extent to which such hypertrophy is compensatory is also critically dependent on the type of hemodynamic overload that serves as the hypertrophic stimulus. Thus cardiac hypertrophy is not intrinsically maladaptive; rather, it is the nature of the inducing load rather than hypertrophy itself that is responsible, through effects on structural and/or regulatory proteins, for the frequent deterioration of initially compensatory hypertrophy into the congestive heart failure state. As one example reviewed here of this load specificity of maladaptation, increased microtubule network density is a persistent feature of severely pressure-overloaded, hypertrophied, and failing myocardium that imposes a primarily viscous load on active myofilaments during contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cooper
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Cardiology Division, PO Box 250773, Medical University of South Carolina, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.
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Shiels H, O'Connell A, Qureshi MA, Howarth FC, White E, Calaghan S. Stable microtubules contribute to cardiac dysfunction in the streptozotocin-induced model of type 1 diabetes in the rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 294:173-80. [PMID: 16838107 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac microtubule stability is increased in the streptozotocin (STZ) model of type 1 diabetes. Here, we investigate the reason for increased microtubule stability, and the functional consequences of stable microtubule disruption. Ventricular myocytes were isolated from rats at 8-12 weeks after injection of STZ. A 10% increase in microtubule density, but no difference in the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) to tubulin was seen in myocytes from STZ rats. Functionally, STZ myocytes showed a tendency for reduced shortening and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transient amplitude, and a significant prolongation of time to peak (ttp) shortening and [Ca2+]i. Although microtubules in STZ myocytes were less sensitive to the microtubule disruptor nocodazole (NOC; 33 microM) than control myocytes, we only saw marked functional consequences of microtubule disruption by NOC in myocytes from diabetic animals. NOC increased shortening and [Ca2+]i transient amplitude in STZ myocytes by 45 and 24%, respectively (compared with 4 and 6% in controls). Likewise, NOC decreased ttp shortening and [Ca2+]i only in STZ myocytes, such that these parameters were no longer different between the two groups. In conclusion, stable microtubules in diabetes are not associated with an increase in MAP4, but are functionally relevant to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes, regulating both [Ca2+]i and shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Shiels
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Technology Facility, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton St, Manchester , M13 9PT, UK
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44
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Head BP, Patel HH, Roth DM, Murray F, Swaney JS, Niesman IR, Farquhar MG, Insel PA. Microtubules and actin microfilaments regulate lipid raft/caveolae localization of adenylyl cyclase signaling components. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:26391-9. [PMID: 16818493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m602577200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules and actin filaments regulate plasma membrane topography, but their role in compartmentation of caveolae-resident signaling components, in particular G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and their stimulation of cAMP production, has not been defined. We hypothesized that the microtubular and actin cytoskeletons influence the expression and function of lipid rafts/caveolae, thereby regulating the distribution of GPCR signaling components that promote cAMP formation. Depolymerization of microtubules with colchicine (Colch) or actin microfilaments with cytochalasin D (CD) dramatically reduced the amount of caveolin-3 in buoyant (sucrose density) fractions of adult rat cardiac myocytes. Colch or CD treatment led to the exclusion of caveolin-1, caveolin-2, beta1-adrenergic receptors (beta1-AR), beta2-AR, Galpha(s), and adenylyl cyclase (AC)5/6 from buoyant fractions, decreasing AC5/6 and tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin-1 in caveolin-1 immunoprecipitates but in parallel increased isoproterenol (beta-AR agonist)-stimulated cAMP production. Incubation with Colch decreased co-localization (by immunofluorescence microscopy) of caveolin-3 and alpha-tubulin; both Colch and CD decreased co-localization of caveolin-3 and filamin (an F-actin cross-linking protein), decreased phosphorylation of caveolin-1, Src, and p38 MAPK, and reduced the number of caveolae/mum of sarcolemma (determined by electron microscopy). Treatment of S49 T-lymphoma cells (which possess lipid rafts but lack caveolae) with CD or Colch redistributed a lipid raft marker (linker for activation of T cells (LAT)) and Galpha(s) from lipid raft domains. We conclude that microtubules and actin filaments restrict cAMP formation by regulating the localization and interaction of GPCR-G(s)-AC in lipid rafts/caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Head
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Baicu CF, Zile MR, Aurigemma GP, Gaasch WH. Left ventricular systolic performance, function, and contractility in patients with diastolic heart failure. Circulation 2005; 111:2306-12. [PMID: 15851588 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000164273.57823.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF) have significant abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, including slow and delayed relaxation and increased chamber stiffness. Whether and to what extent these abnormalities in diastolic function occur in association with abnormalities in LV systolic performance, function, and contractility has not been investigated thoroughly. METHODS AND RESULTS The systolic properties of the LV were examined in 75 patients with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction (ie, DHF) and 75 normal control subjects with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. LV systolic properties were assessed with echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization data. Stroke work (an index of LV systolic performance), preload recruitable stroke work and ejection fraction (indices of LV systolic function), systolic stress-shortening relationship, end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, and peak (+)dP/dt (indices of LV contractility) were examined. The systolic properties of the LV were normal in patients with DHF. Stroke work was 8.4+/-2.3 in DHF versus 8.8+/-2.5 kg . cm in controls (P=0.26). Preload recruitable stroke work was 99+/-22 in DHF versus 109+/-18 g/cm2 in controls (P=0.13). The relationship between stroke work and end-diastolic volume was similar in DHF and controls. Peak (+) dP/dt was 1596+/-362 in DHF versus 1664+/-305 mm Hg/s in controls (P=0.54). The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship was increased in DHF. The systolic stress versus endocardial fractional shortening relationship was similar in DHF and controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DHF had normal LV systolic performance, function, and contractility. The pathophysiology of DHF does not appear to be related to significant abnormalities in these systolic properties of the LV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina and RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Chon H, Bluyssen HAR, Holstege FCP, Koomans HA, Joles JA, Braam B. Gene expression of energy and protein metabolism in hearts of hypertensive nitric oxide- or GSH-depleted mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 513:21-33. [PMID: 15878706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension demands cardiac synthetic and metabolic adaptations to increased afterload. We studied gene expression in two models of mild hypertension without overt left ventricular hypertrophy using the NO synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and the glutathione depletor buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO). Mice were administered L-NNA, BSO, or water for 8 weeks. RNA of left ventricles was pooled per group, reverse transcribed, Cy3 and Cy5 labeled, and hybridized to cDNA microarrays. Normalized log(2) Cy3/Cy5 ratios of > or =0.7 or < or =-0.7 were considered significant. L-NNA and BSO both caused hypertension. Gene expression was regulated in cytoskeletal components in both models, protein synthesis in L-NNA-treated mice, and energy metabolism in BSO-treated mice. Energy metabolism genes shared several common transcription factor-binding sites such as Coup-Tf2, of which gene expression was increased in BSO-treated mice, and COMP-1. Characterization of the left ventricular adaptations as assessed with gene expression profiles reveals differential expression in energy and protein metabolism related to the pathogenetic background of the hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Chon
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, GA Utrecht, Netherlands
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Giorgi D, Di Bello V, Talini E, Palagi C, Delle Donne MG, Nardi C, Verunelli F, Mariani MA, Di Cori A, Caravelli P, Mariani M. Myocardial function in severe aortic stenosis before and after aortic valve replacement: A Doppler tissue imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:8-14. [PMID: 15637482 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess the value of Pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in assessing diastolic and systolic function in patients with severe aortic value stenosis. METHODS Thirty-five patients with aortic stenosis (AS) (valve orifice < or = 1 cm 2 , mean age 71.8 +/- 6.2) and 35 comparable healthy subjects were studied. All subjects performed conventional 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and DTI at mitral annulus level. Patients with AS were divided into 2 groups: 16 patients who presented initial signs of HF and a depressed left ventricular systolic function (AS I) (EF: 35%-50%) and 19 patients were asymptomatic and had normal left ventricular systolic function (EF > 50%) (ASII). The 16 symptomatic AS patients underwent surgical aortic valve replacement and were examined after 1 year. RESULTS DTI was able to detect abnormalities of systolic and diastolic function in AS: the significantly lower peak S velocity in AS I than in AS II and in controls, both at septum and lateral wall level; the significantly lower peak E velocity in AS I than in AS II and in controls both at septum and lateral wall level; the significantly higher peak A velocity in AS I than in AS II and in controls both at septum and lateral wall level; the significant lower E/A ratio in AS I than in AS II and in controls both at septum and lateral wall level. CONCLUSION We found a significant inverse correlation between DTI lateral S velocity, DTI peak E velocity, lateral DTI E/A ratio, and AS peak and mean gradient. According to the results of this study we can affirm that DTI parameters surely had an important physiopathological impact in the knowledge of myocardial function in patients with severe aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giorgi
- Cardiac and Thoracic Department, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Aquila LA, McCarthy PM, Smedira NG, Young JB, Moravec CS. Cytoskeletal structure and recovery in single human cardiac myocytes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004; 23:954-63. [PMID: 15312825 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2004.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical support of the failing human heart with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) normalizes many components of myocyte structure and function. We hypothesized that recovery of the cytoskeleton, a major site of mechanotransduction in cardiac myocytes, is crucial for sustained improvement of myocardial function. We therefore measured the effects of LVAD support on 4 cytoskeletal proteins in single human heart cells. METHODS Myocytes were isolated from non-failing (NF), hypertrophied (H), failing (F) and LVAD-supported failing (L) human hearts. Protein quantitation was performed using Western blot analysis and cellular distribution was determined by immunolabeling and confocal microscopy. RESULTS alpha-actinin did not differ in cells from H or F as compared with NF, and L had no effect. Vinculin was not quantitatively different in H or F vs NF, but localization at the intercalated disks was significantly decreased in H and absent in F, and this pattern was consistently reversed in L. Desmin protein was significantly increased in F vs NF, both in quantity and distribution, and these increases were reversed in L. beta-tubulin was increasingly polymerized in H and F, and the hyperpolymerization was reversed in L. CONCLUSIONS On the level of the single cardiomyocyte, major proteins of the cytoskeleton are significantly altered in hypertrophied and failing human hearts. These alterations are reversed by mechanical unloading with an LVAD, suggesting that the cytoskeleton is not the limiting factor in determining full cardiac recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Aquila
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Dudnakova TV, Lakomkin VL, Tsyplenkova VG, Shekhonin BV, Shirinsky VP, Kapelko VI. Alterations in myocardial ultrastructure and protein expression after a single injection of isoproterenol. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 252:173-81. [PMID: 14577591 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025579624695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunochemical and electron microscopic characterization of rat myocardium was conducted 2 h and 3 weeks after a single injection of isoproterenol in rats. The relative content of several myospecific proteins (KRP--kinase-related protein, desmin), cytoskeletal proteins (tubulin, vinculin, myosin light chain kinase--MLCK) and extracellular matrix protein fibronectin was determined by immunoblotting. Two hours after injection of 50 mg/kg isoproterenol a destruction of some cardiomyocytes, contracture of myofibrils and mild edema of intercellular space was observed. The content of all the studied proteins except KRP decreased below control levels. This situation sustained 3 weeks after injection and paralleled alterations in cardiomyocyte ultrastructure. Areas of myofibrillar contracture and lysis were noted, glycogen granules were sparse; mitochondria contained arrow-like inclusions that are characteristic for calcium overload, also huge mitochondria contacting each other by specialized intermitochondrial contacts were detected. Clumps of unripe elastic fibers in enlarged intercellular space were combined with increased deposition of collagens type I and III forming areas of fibrosis. The smaller dosage of isoproterenol (10 mg/kg) rendered no significant damage in the acute postinjection period but 3 weeks later it induced the thickening of extracellular matrix around cardiac cells and the increase in KRP and tubulin content by 26 and 32%, correspondingly. MLCK levels remained depressed throughout the experiment. The rise in KRP expression was also observed after the addition of isoproterenol to cultured chicken embryo cardiomyocytes. Obtained results indicate that even a single injection of isoproterenol creates long lasting structural alterations in cardiac muscle accompanied by the increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins and several sarcoplasmic proteins apparently involved in hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Dudnakova
- Institute of Experimental, Russian Cardiological Scientific and Productive Complex, Moscow, Russia
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Calaghan SC, Le Guennec JY, White E. Cytoskeletal modulation of electrical and mechanical activity in cardiac myocytes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 84:29-59. [PMID: 14642867 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(03)00057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac myocyte has an intracellular scaffold, the cytoskeleton, which has been implicated in several cardiac pathologies including hypertrophy and failure. In this review we describe the role that the cytoskeleton plays in modulating both the electrical activity (through ion channels and exchangers) and mechanical (or contractile) activity of the adult heart. We focus on the 3 components of the cytoskeleton, actin microfilaments, microtubules, and desmin filaments. The limited visual data available suggest that the subsarcolemmal actin cytoskeleton is sparse in the adult myocyte. Selective disruption of cytoskeletal actin by pharmacological tools has yet to be verified in the adult cell, yet evidence exists for modulation of several ionic currents, including I(CaL), I(Na), I(KATP), I(SAC) by actin microfilaments. Microtubules exist as a dense network throughout the adult cardiac cell, and their structure, architecture, kinetics and pharmacological manipulation are well described. Both polymerised and free tubulin are functionally significant. Microtubule proliferation reduces contraction by impeding sarcomeric motion; modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release may also be involved in this effect. The lack of effect of microtubule disruption on cardiac contractility in adult myocytes, and the concentration-dependent modulation of the rate of contraction by the disruptor nocodazole in neonatal myocytes, support the existence of functionally distinct microtubule populations. We address the controversy regarding the stimulation of the beta-adrenergic signalling pathway by free tubulin. Work with mice lacking desmin has demonstrated the importance of intermediate filaments to normal cardiac function, but the precise role that desmin plays in the electrical and mechanical activity of cardiac muscle has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Calaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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