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Diakonova M, Carter-Su C, Svitkina T. Endogenous SH2B1 protein localizes to lamellipodia and filopodia: platinum replica electron-microscopy study. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2025; 2025:10.17912/micropub.biology.001451. [PMID: 39897164 PMCID: PMC11787627 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
The widely expressed adapter protein SH2B1 was initially identified as a binding partner and substrate of tyrosine kinase JAK2. SH2B1β potentiates JAK2 activation in response to different ligands, including growth hormone, leptin and prolactin. SH2B1β has been implicated in cell motility and regulation of actin rearrangement in response to growth hormone, prolactin and platelet-derived growth factor. Here we use immunofluorescence and platinum replica electron-microscopy (PREM) technique to study localization of endogenous SH2B1. We show that endogenous SH2B localizes to two actin-rich protrusive organelles in cells: lamellipodia and filopodia. Based on this and previously published data, we suggest that at least some SH2B1 isoforms directly bind to actin filaments in both structures. Additionally, SH2B1 isoforms may work as a partner of filamin A in lamellipodia and VASP in filopodia participating in modulation of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diakonova
- Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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2
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Salvadori A, Bonanno C, Serpelloni M, McMeeking RM. On the generation of force required for actin-based motility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18384. [PMID: 39117762 PMCID: PMC11310465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The fundamental question of how forces are generated in a motile cell, a lamellipodium, and a comet tail is the subject of this note. It is now well established that cellular motility results from the polymerization of actin, the most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells, into an interconnected set of filaments. We portray this process in a continuum mechanics framework, claiming that polymerization promotes a mechanical swelling in a narrow zone around the nucleation loci, which ultimately results in cellular or bacterial motility. To this aim, a new paradigm in continuum multi-physics has been designed, departing from the well-known theory of Larché-Cahn chemo-transport-mechanics. In this note, we set up the theory of network growth and compare the outcomes of numerical simulations with experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Salvadori
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Bonanno
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Serpelloni
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert M McMeeking
- The Mechanobiology Research Center, UNIBS, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Materials and Mechanical Engineering Departments, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbruecken, Germany
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3
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang L, Haseeb A, Li H, Zheng X, Guo J, Cheng X, Yin W, Sun N, Sun P, Zhang Z, Yang H, Fan K. Fascin-1 Promotes Cell Metastasis through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Canine Mammary Tumor Cell Lines. Vet Sci 2024; 11:238. [PMID: 38921985 PMCID: PMC11209228 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common type of tumor in female dogs. In this study, we obtained a metastatic key protein, Fascin-1, by comparing the proteomics data of in situ tumor and metastatic cell lines from the same individual. However, the role of Fascin-1 in the CMT cell line is still unclear. Firstly, proteomics was used to analyze the differential expression of Fascin-1 between the CMT cell lines CHMm and CHMp. Then, the overexpression (CHMm-OE and CHMp-OE) and knockdown (CHMm-KD and CHMp-KD) cell lines were established by lentivirus transduction. Finally, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in CHMm and CHMm-OE cells were identified through proteomics. The results showed that the CHMm cells isolated from CMT abdominal metastases exhibited minimal expression of Fascin-1. The migration, adhesion, and invasion ability of CHMm-OE and CHMp-OE cells increased, while the migration, adhesion, and invasion ability of CHMm-KD and CHMp-KD cells decreased. The overexpression of Fascin-1 can upregulate the Tetraspanin 4 (TSPAN4) protein in CHMm cells and increase the number of migrations. In conclusion, re-expressed Fascin-1 could promote cell EMT and increase lamellipodia formation, resulting in the enhancement of CHMm cell migration, adhesion, and invasion in vitro. This may be beneficial to improve female dogs' prognosis of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Ye Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Linhao Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Hongquan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Wei Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Na Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Panpan Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Huizhen Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
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4
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Shi H, Shao B. LFA-1 Activation in T-Cell Migration and Immunological Synapse Formation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081136. [PMID: 37190045 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin LFA-1 plays a critical role in T-cell migration and in the formation of immunological synapses. LFA-1 functions through interacting with its ligands with differing affinities: low, intermediate, and high. Most prior research has studied how LFA-1 in the high-affinity state regulates the trafficking and functions of T cells. LFA-1 is also presented in the intermediate-affinity state on T cells, however, the signaling to activate LFA-1 to the intermediate-affinity state and the role of LFA-1 in this affinity state both remain largely elusive. This review briefly summarizes the activation and roles of LFA-1 with varied ligand-binding affinities in the regulation of T-cell migration and immunological synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Identification of the Actin-Binding Region and Binding to Host Plant Apple Actin of Immunodominant Transmembrane Protein of ' Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020968. [PMID: 36674483 PMCID: PMC9860668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' ('Ca. P. mali') has only one major membrane protein, the immunodominant membrane protein (Imp), which is regarded as being close to the ancestor of all phytoplasma immunodominant membrane proteins. Imp binds to actin and possibly facilitates its movement in the plant or insect host cells. However, protein sequences of Imp are quite diverse among phytoplasma species, thus resulting in difficulties in identifying conserved domains across species. In this work, we compare Imp protein sequences of 'Ca. P. mali' strain PM19 (Imp-PM19) with Imp of different strains of 'Ca. P. mali' and identify its actin-binding domain. Moreover, we show that Imp binds to the actin of apple (Malus x domestica), which is the host plant of 'Ca. P. mali'. Using molecular and scanning force spectroscopy analysis, we find that the actin-binding domain of Imp-PM19 contains a highly positively charged amino acid cluster. Our result could allow investigating a possible correlation between Imp variants and the infectivity of the corresponding 'Ca. P. mali' isolates.
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Hall D, Foster AS. Practical considerations for feature assignment in high-speed AFM of live cell membranes. Biophys Physicobiol 2022; 19:1-21. [PMID: 35797405 PMCID: PMC9173863 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University
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7
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Lai BW, Chang YY, Shieh TM, Huang HL. Biocompatibility and Microstructure-Based Stress Analyses of TiNbZrTa Composite Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:29. [PMID: 35009171 PMCID: PMC8745842 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the clinical application of orthopedic or dental implants improves the quality of the lives of patients. However, the long-term use of implants may lead to implant loosening and related complications. The purpose of this study is to deposit titanium (Ti)-niobium (Nb)-zirconium (Zr)-tantalum (Ta) alloys on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V to increase structural strength and biocompatibility for the possible future application of implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ti, Nb, Zr, and Ta served as the materials for the surface modification of the titanium alloy. TiNbZr and TiNbZrTa coatings were produced using cathodic arc evaporation, and a small amount of nitrogen was added to produce TiNbZrTa(N) film. Annealing and oxidation were then conducted to produce TiNbZrTa-O and TiNbZrTa(N)-O coatings. In this study, biological tests and finite element analyses of those five alloy films, as well as uncoated Ti-6Al-4V, were performed. Human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) and mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) were used to analyze cytotoxicity, cell viability, and cell morphology, and the bone differentiation of MG-63 was evaluated in an alkaline phosphatase experiment. Furthermore, for measuring the gene expression level of L-929, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted. The three-dimensional (3D) computational models of the coated and uncoated sample films were constructed using images of transmission electron microscopy and computer-aided design software and, then, the stress distributions of all models were evaluated by finite element analysis. RESULT the cytotoxicity test revealed that the surface treatment had no significant cytotoxic effects on MG-63 and L-929 cells. According to the results of the cell viability of L-929, more cell activity was observed in the surface-treated experimental group than in the control group; for MG-63, the cell viability of the coated samples was similar to that of the uncoated samples. In the cell morphology analysis, both MG-63 and L-929 exhibited attached filopodia and lamellipodia, verifying that the cells were well attached. The alkaline phosphatase experiment demonstrated that the surface treatment did not affect the characteristics of early osteogenic differentiation, whereas RT-qPCR analysis showed that surface treatment can promote better performance of L-929 cells in collagen, type I, α1, and fibronectin 1. Finally, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that the coated TiNb interlayer can effectively reduce the stress concentration inside the layered coatings. CONCLUSIONS TiNbZrTa series films deposited using cathodic arc evaporation had excellent biocompatibility with titanium alloys, particularly in regard to soft tissue cells, which exhibited an active performance. The finite element analysis verified that the TiNb interlayer can reduce the stress concentration inside TiNbZrTa series films, increasing their suitability for application in biomedical implants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Lai
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Yin-Yu Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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8
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Alimohamadi H, Bell MK, Halpain S, Rangamani P. Mechanical Principles Governing the Shapes of Dendritic Spines. Front Physiol 2021; 12:657074. [PMID: 34220531 PMCID: PMC8242199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.657074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along the dendrites of neurons and are sites of excitatory postsynaptic activity. The morphology of spines has been implicated in their function in synaptic plasticity and their shapes have been well-characterized, but the potential mechanics underlying their shape development and maintenance have not yet been fully understood. In this work, we explore the mechanical principles that could underlie specific shapes using a minimal biophysical model of membrane-actin interactions. Using this model, we first identify the possible force regimes that give rise to the classic spine shapes-stubby, filopodia, thin, and mushroom-shaped spines. We also use this model to investigate how the spine neck might be stabilized using periodic rings of actin or associated proteins. Finally, we use this model to predict that the cooperation between force generation and ring structures can regulate the energy landscape of spine shapes across a wide range of tensions. Thus, our study provides insights into how mechanical aspects of actin-mediated force generation and tension can play critical roles in spine shape maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Alimohamadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Miriam K. Bell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Section of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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9
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Scheffler K, Uraji J, Jentoft I, Cavazza T, Mönnich E, Mogessie B, Schuh M. Two mechanisms drive pronuclear migration in mouse zygotes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:841. [PMID: 33547291 PMCID: PMC7864974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new life begins with the unification of the maternal and paternal chromosomes upon fertilization. The parental chromosomes first become enclosed in two separate pronuclei near the surface of the fertilized egg. The mechanisms that then move the pronuclei inwards for their unification are only poorly understood in mammals. Here, we report two mechanisms that act in concert to unite the parental genomes in fertilized mouse eggs. The male pronucleus assembles within the fertilization cone and is rapidly moved inwards by the flattening cone. Rab11a recruits the actin nucleation factors Spire and Formin-2 into the fertilization cone, where they locally nucleate actin and further accelerate the pronucleus inwards. In parallel, a dynamic network of microtubules assembles that slowly moves the male and female pronuclei towards the cell centre in a dynein-dependent manner. Both mechanisms are partially redundant and act in concert to unite the parental pronuclei in the zygote's centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Scheffler
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia Uraji
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ida Jentoft
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tommaso Cavazza
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eike Mönnich
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
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10
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Elad D, Zaretsky U, Kuperman T, Gavriel M, Long M, Jaffa A, Grisaru D. Tissue engineered endometrial barrier exposed to peristaltic flow shear stresses. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:026107. [PMID: 32548541 PMCID: PMC7269682 DOI: 10.1063/5.0001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic myometrial contractions of the non-pregnant uterus induce intra-uterine peristaltic flows, which have important roles in transport of sperm and embryos during early stages of reproduction. Hyperperistalsis in young females may lead to migration of endometrial cells and development of adenomyosis or endometriosis. We conducted an in vitro study of the biological response of a tissue engineered endometrial barrier exposed to peristaltic wall shear stresses (PWSSs). The endometrial barrier model was co-cultured of endometrial epithelial cells on top of myometrial smooth muscle cells (MSMCs) in custom-designed wells that can be disassembled for mechanobiology experiments. A new experimental setup was developed for exposing the uterine wall in vitro model to PWSSs that mimic the in vivo intra-uterine environment. Peristaltic flow was induced by moving a belt with bulges to deform the elastic cover of a fluid filled chamber that held the uterine wall model at the bottom. The in vitro biological model was exposed to peristaltic flows for 60 and 120 min and then stained for immunofluorescence studies of alternations in the cytoskeleton. Quantification of the F-actin mass in both layers revealed a significant increase with the length of exposure to PWSSs. Moreover, the inner layer of MSMCs that were not in direct contact with the fluid also responded with an increase in the F-actin mass. This new experimental approach can be expanded to in vitro studies of multiple structural changes and genetic expressions, while the tissue engineered uterine wall models are tested under conditions that mimic the in vivo physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Uri Zaretsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tatyana Kuperman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mark Gavriel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Mogilner A, Barnhart EL, Keren K. Experiment, theory, and the keratocyte: An ode to a simple model for cell motility. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:143-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Schroer CFE, Baldauf L, van Buren L, Wassenaar TA, Melo MN, Koenderink GH, Marrink SJ. Charge-dependent interactions of monomeric and filamentous actin with lipid bilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5861-5872. [PMID: 32123101 PMCID: PMC7084070 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914884117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein actin polymerizes into filaments that are essential for the mechanical stability of mammalian cells. In vitro experiments showed that direct interactions between actin filaments and lipid bilayers are possible and that the net charge of the bilayer as well as the presence of divalent ions in the buffer play an important role. In vivo, colocalization of actin filaments and divalent ions are suppressed, and cells rely on linker proteins to connect the plasma membrane to the actin network. Little is known, however, about why this is the case and what microscopic interactions are important. A deeper understanding is highly beneficial, first, to obtain understanding in the biological design of cells and, second, as a possible basis for the building of artificial cortices for the stabilization of synthetic cells. Here, we report the results of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of monomeric and filamentous actin in the vicinity of differently charged lipid bilayers. We observe that charges on the lipid head groups strongly determine the ability of actin to adsorb to the bilayer. The inclusion of divalent ions leads to a reversal of the binding affinity. Our in silico results are validated experimentally by reconstitution assays with actin on lipid bilayer membranes and provide a molecular-level understanding of the actin-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F E Schroer
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Baldauf
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard van Buren
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsjerk A Wassenaar
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel N Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, New University of Lisbon, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands;
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Mierke CT, Puder S, Aermes C, Fischer T, Kunschmann T. Effect of PAK Inhibition on Cell Mechanics Depends on Rac1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:13. [PMID: 32047750 PMCID: PMC6997127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides biochemical and molecular regulation, the migration and invasion of cells is controlled by the environmental mechanics and cellular mechanics. Hence, the mechanical phenotype of cells, such as fibroblasts, seems to be crucial for the migratory capacity in confined 3D extracellular matrices. Recently, we have shown that the migratory and invasive capacity of mouse embryonic fibroblasts depends on the expression of the Rho-GTPase Rac1, similarly it has been demonstrated that the Rho-GTPase Cdc42 affects cell motility. The p21-activated kinase (PAK) is an effector down-stream target of both Rho-GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, and it can activate via the LIM kinase-1 its down-stream target cofilin and subsequently support the cell migration and invasion through the polymerization of actin filaments. Since Rac1 deficient cells become mechanically softer than controls, we investigated the effect of group I PAKs and PAK1 inhibition on cell mechanics in the presence and absence of Rac1. Therefore, we determined whether mouse embryonic fibroblasts, in which Rac1 was knocked-out, and control cells, displayed cell mechanical alterations after treatment with group I PAKs or PAK1 inhibitors using a magnetic tweezer (adhesive cell state) and an optical cell stretcher (non-adhesive cell state). In fact, we found that group I PAKs and Pak1 inhibition decreased the stiffness and the Young’s modulus of fibroblasts in the presence of Rac1 independent of their adhesive state. However, in the absence of Rac1 the effect was abolished in the adhesive cell state for both inhibitors and in their non-adhesive state, the effect was abolished for the FRAX597 inhibitor, but not for the IPA3 inhibitor. The migration and invasion were additionally reduced by both PAK inhibitors in the presence of Rac1. In the absence of Rac1, only FRAX597 inhibitor reduced their invasiveness, whereas IPA3 had no effect. These findings indicate that group I PAKs and PAK1 inhibition is solely possible in the presence of Rac1 highlighting Rac1/PAK I (PAK1, 2, and 3) as major players in cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Puder
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Aermes
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Fischer
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tom Kunschmann
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Moure A, Gomez H. Dual role of the nucleus in cell migration on planar substrates. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1491-1508. [PMID: 31907682 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential to sustain life. There have been significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that control cell crawling, but the role of the nucleus remains poorly understood. The nucleus exerts a tight control of cell migration in 3D environments, but its influence in 2D migration on planar substrates remains unclear. Here, we study the role of the cell nucleus in 2D cell migration using a computational model of fish keratocytes. Our results indicate that the apparently minor role played by the nucleus emerges from two antagonist effects: While the nucleus modifies the spatial distributions of actin and myosin in a way that reduces cell velocity (e.g., the nucleus displaces myosin to the sides and front of the cell), its mechanical connection with the cytoskeleton alters the intracellular stresses promoting cell migration. Overall, the favorable effect of the nucleus-cytoskeleton connection prevails, which may explain why regular cells usually move faster than enucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moure
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Hector Gomez
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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15
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Neurite regrowth stimulation by a red-light spot focused on the neuronal cell soma following blue light-induced retraction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18210. [PMID: 31796850 PMCID: PMC6890775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54687-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of light with biological tissues has been considered for various therapeutic applications. Light-induced neurite growth has the potential to be a clinically useful technique for neuron repair. However, most previous studies used either a large illumination area to accelerate overall neurite growth or employed a light spot to guide a growing neurite. It is not clear if optical stimulation can induce the regrowth of a retracted neurite. In the present work, we used blue light (wavelength: 473 nm) to cause neurite retraction, and we proved that using a red-light (wavelength: 650 nm) spot to illuminate the soma near the junction of the retracted neurite could induce neurite regrowth. As a comparison, we found that green light (wavelength 550 nm) had a 62% probability of inducing neurite regrowth, while red light had a 75% probability of inducing neurite regrowth at the same power level. Furthermore, the neurite regrowth length induced by red light was increased by the pre-treatment with inhibitors of myosin functions. We also observed actin propagation from the soma to the tip of the re-growing neurite following red-light stimulation of the soma. The red light-induced extension and regrowth were abrogated in the calcium-free medium. These results suggest that illumination with a red-light spot on the soma may trigger the regrowth of a neurite after the retraction caused by blue-light illumination.
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16
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Kang B, Jo S, Baek J, Nakamura F, Hwang W, Lee H. Role of mechanical flow for actin network organization. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:217-224. [PMID: 30928733 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major cytoskeletal protein actin forms complex networks to provide structural support and perform vital functions in cells. In vitro studies have revealed that the structure of the higher-order actin network is determined primarily by the type of actin binding protein (ABP). By comparison, there are far fewer studies about the role of the mechanical environment for the organization of the actin network. In particular, the duration over which cells reorganize their shape in response to functional demands is relatively short compared to the in vitro protein polymerization time, suggesting that such changes can influence the actin network formation. We hypothesize that mechanical flows in the cytoplasm generated by exogenous and endogenous stimulation play a key role in the spatiotemporal regulation of the actin architecture. To mimic cytoplasmic streaming, we generated a circulating flow using surface acoustic wave in a microfluidic channel and investigated its effect on the formation of networks by actin and ABPs. We found that the mechanical flow affected the orientation and thickness of actin bundles, depending on the type and concentration of ABPs. Our computational model shows that the extent of alignment and thickness of actin bundle are determined by the balance between flow-induced drag forces and the tendency of ABPs to crosslink actin filaments at given angles. These results suggest that local intracellular flows can affect the assembly dynamics and morphology of the actin cytoskeleton. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeleton structure is essential in many cellular functions. It has been shown that mechanical cues including an applied force and geometric boundary can alter the structural characteristics of actin network. However, even though the cytoplasm accounts for a large portion of the cell volume, the effect of the cytoplasmic streaming flow produced during cell dynamics on actin network organization has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the mechanical flow exerted during actin network organization play an important role in determining the orientation and dimension of actin bundle network. Our result will be beneficial in understanding the mechanism of the actin network reorganization occurred during physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjun Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghan Jo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeok Baek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Fang Y, Wu D, Birukov KG. Mechanosensing and Mechanoregulation of Endothelial Cell Functions. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:873-904. [PMID: 30873580 PMCID: PMC6697421 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a semiselective barrier for macromolecules and cell elements regulated by dynamic interactions between cytoskeletal elements and cell adhesion complexes. ECs also participate in many other vital processes including innate immune reactions, vascular repair, secretion, and metabolism of bioactive molecules. Moreover, vascular ECs represent a unique cell type exposed to continuous, time-dependent mechanical forces: different patterns of shear stress imposed by blood flow in macrovasculature and by rolling blood cells in the microvasculature; circumferential cyclic stretch experienced by the arterial vascular bed caused by heart propulsions; mechanical stretch of lung microvascular endothelium at different magnitudes due to spontaneous respiration or mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that vascular ECs contain mechanosensory complexes, which rapidly react to changes in mechanical loading, process the signal, and develop context-specific adaptive responses to rebalance the cell homeostatic state. The significance of the interactions between specific mechanical forces in the EC microenvironment together with circulating bioactive molecules in the progression and resolution of vascular pathologies including vascular injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has been only recently recognized. This review will summarize the current understanding of EC mechanosensory mechanisms, modulation of EC responses to humoral factors by surrounding mechanical forces (particularly the cyclic stretch), and discuss recent findings of magnitude-specific regulation of EC functions by transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms using -omics approaches. We also discuss ongoing challenges and future opportunities in developing new therapies targeting dysregulated mechanosensing mechanisms to treat vascular diseases. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:873-904, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Manhart A, Icheva TA, Guerin C, Klar T, Boujemaa-Paterski R, Thery M, Blanchoin L, Mogilner A. Quantitative regulation of the dynamic steady state of actin networks. eLife 2019; 8:42413. [PMID: 30869077 PMCID: PMC6417862 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Principles of regulation of actin network dimensions are fundamentally important for cell functions, yet remain unclear. Using both in vitro and in silico approaches, we studied the effect of key parameters, such as actin density, ADF/Cofilin concentration and network width on the network length. In the presence of ADF/Cofilin, networks reached equilibrium and became treadmilling. At the trailing edge, the network disintegrated into large fragments. A mathematical model predicts the network length as a function of width, actin and ADF/Cofilin concentrations. Local depletion of ADF/Cofilin by binding to actin is significant, leading to wider networks growing longer. A single rate of breaking network nodes, proportional to ADF/Cofilin density and inversely proportional to the square of the actin density, can account for the disassembly dynamics. Selective disassembly of heterogeneous networks by ADF/Cofilin controls steering during motility. Our results establish general principles on how the dynamic steady state of actin network emerges from biochemical and structural feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Manhart
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, United States.,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Téa Aleksandra Icheva
- CytomorphoLab, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS/INRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guerin
- CytomorphoLab, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS/INRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Tobbias Klar
- CytomorphoLab, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS/INRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski
- CytomorphoLab, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS/INRA, Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Thery
- CytomorphoLab, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS/INRA, Grenoble, France.,CytomorphoLab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, UMRS1160, INSERM/AP-HP/Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- CytomorphoLab, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS/INRA, Grenoble, France.,CytomorphoLab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, UMRS1160, INSERM/AP-HP/Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, United States.,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
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19
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Azote S, Müller-Nedebock KK. Density fields for branching, stiff networks in rigid confining regions. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:23. [PMID: 30788631 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We develop a formalism to describe the equilibrium distributions for segments of confined branched networks consisting of stiff filaments. This is applicable to certain situations of cytoskeleton in cells, such as for example actin filaments with branching due to the Arp2/3 complex. We develop a grand ensemble formalism that enables the computation of segment density and polarisation profiles within the confines of the cell. This is expressed in terms of the solution to nonlinear integral equations for auxiliary functions. We find three specific classes of behaviour depending on filament length, degree of branching and the ratio of persistence length to the dimensions of the geometry. Our method allows a numerical approach for semi-flexible filaments that are networked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiéalo Azote
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Kristian K Müller-Nedebock
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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20
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Guillem-Marti J, Gelabert M, Heras-Parets A, Pegueroles M, Ginebra MP, Manero JM. RGD Mutation of the Heparin Binding II Fragment of Fibronectin for Guiding Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior on Titanium Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3666-3678. [PMID: 30607934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Installing bioactivity on metallic biomaterials by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for stimulating specific cellular responses to ultimately promote tissue regeneration. Fibronectin is an ECM protein commonly used for biomaterial functionalization. The use of fibronectin recombinant fragments is an attractive alternate to the use of full-length fibronectin because of the relatively low cost and facility of purification. However, it is necessary to combine more than one fragment, for example, the cell attachment site and the heparin binding II (HBII), either mixed or in one molecule, to obtain complete activity. In the present study, we proposed to install adhesion capacity to the HBII fragment by an RGD gain-of-function DNA mutation, retaining its cell differentiation capacity and thereby producing a small and very active protein fragment. The novel molecule, covalently immobilized onto titanium surfaces, maintained the growth factor-binding capacity and stimulated cell spreading, osteoblastic cell differentiation, and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells compared to the HBII native protein. These results highlight the potential capacity of gain-of-function DNA mutations in the design of novel molecules for the improvement of osseointegration properties of metallic implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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21
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Rodriguez A, Kashina A. Posttranscriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Actin. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1991-1998. [PMID: 30312009 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Actin is one of the most abundant intracellular proteins, essential in every eukaryotic cell type. Actin plays key roles in tissue morphogenesis, cell adhesion, muscle contraction, and developmental reprogramming. Most actin studies have focused on its regulation at the protein level, either directly or through differential interactions with over a hundred intracellular binding partners. However, numerous studies emerging in recent years demonstrate specific types of nucleotide-level regulation that strongly affect non-muscle actins during cell migration and adhesion and are potentially applicable to other members of the actin family. This regulation involves zipcode-mediated actin mRNA targeting to the cell periphery, proposed to mediate local synthesis of actin at the cell leading edge, as well as the recently discovered N-terminal arginylation that specifically targets non-muscle β-actin via a nucleotide-dependent mechanism. Moreover, a study published this year suggests that actin's essential roles at the organismal level may be entirely nucleotide-dependent. This review summarizes the emerging data on actin's nucleotide-level regulation. Anat Rec, 301:1991-1998, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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22
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Wade BE, Zhao J, Ma J, Hart CM, Sutliff RL. Hypoxia-induced alterations in the lung ubiquitin proteasome system during pulmonary hypertension pathogenesis. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018788267. [PMID: 29927354 PMCID: PMC6146334 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018788267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a clinical disorder characterized by sustained
increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure that can lead to right
ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and ultimately RV failure and death. The molecular
pathogenesis of PH remains incompletely defined, and existing treatments are
associated with suboptimal outcomes and persistent morbidity and mortality.
Reports have suggested a role for the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in PH,
but the extent of UPS-mediated non-proteolytic protein alterations during PH
pathogenesis has not been previously defined. To further examine UPS
alterations, the current study employed C57BL/6J mice exposed to normoxia or
hypoxia for 3 weeks. Lung protein ubiquitination was evaluated by mass
spectrometry to identify differentially ubiquitinated proteins relative to
normoxic controls. Hypoxia stimulated differential ubiquitination of 198
peptides within 131 proteins (p < 0.05). These proteins were
screened to identify candidates within pathways involved in PH pathogenesis.
Some 51.9% of the differentially ubiquitinated proteins were implicated in at
least one known pathway contributing to PH pathogenesis, and 13% were involved
in three or more PH pathways. Anxa2, App, Jak1, Lmna, Pdcd6ip, Prkch1, and Ywhah
were identified as mediators in PH pathways that undergo differential
ubiquitination during PH pathogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study
to report global changes in protein ubiquitination in the lung during PH
pathogenesis. These findings suggest signaling nodes that are dynamically
regulated by the UPS during PH pathogenesis. Further exploration of these
differentially ubiquitinated proteins and related pathways can provide new
insights into the role of the UPS in PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy E Wade
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingru Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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23
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Diggins NL, Kang H, Weaver A, Webb DJ. α5β1 integrin trafficking and Rac activation are regulated by APPL1 in a Rab5-dependent manner to inhibit cell migration. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.207019. [PMID: 29361527 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a tightly coordinated process that requires the spatiotemporal regulation of many molecular components. Because adaptor proteins can serve as integrators of cellular events, they are being increasingly studied as regulators of cell migration. The adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1) is a 709 amino acid endosomal protein that plays a role in cell proliferation and survival as well as endosomal trafficking and signaling. However, its function in regulating cell migration is poorly understood. Here, we show that APPL1 hinders cell migration by modulating both trafficking and signaling events controlled by Rab5 in cancer cells. APPL1 decreases internalization and increases recycling of α5β1 integrin, leading to higher levels of α5β1 integrin at the cell surface that hinder adhesion dynamics. Furthermore, APPL1 decreases the activity of the GTPase Rac and its effector PAK, which in turn regulate cell migration. Thus, we demonstrate a novel role for the interaction between APPL1 and Rab5 in governing crosstalk between signaling and trafficking pathways on endosomes to affect cancer cell migration.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Diggins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alissa Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Donna J Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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24
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Raz-Ben Aroush D, Ofer N, Abu-Shah E, Allard J, Krichevsky O, Mogilner A, Keren K. Actin Turnover in Lamellipodial Fragments. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2963-2973.e14. [PMID: 28966086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Actin turnover is the central driving force underlying lamellipodial motility. The molecular components involved are largely known, and their properties have been studied extensively in vitro. However, a comprehensive picture of actin turnover in vivo is still missing. We focus on fragments from fish epithelial keratocytes, which are essentially stand-alone motile lamellipodia. The geometric simplicity of the fragments and the absence of additional actin structures allow us to characterize the spatiotemporal lamellipodial actin organization with unprecedented detail. We use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and extraction experiments to show that about two-thirds of the lamellipodial actin diffuses in the cytoplasm with nearly uniform density, whereas the rest forms the treadmilling polymer network. Roughly a quarter of the diffusible actin pool is in filamentous form as diffusing oligomers, indicating that severing and debranching are important steps in the disassembly process generating oligomers as intermediates. The remaining diffusible actin concentration is orders of magnitude higher than the in vitro actin monomer concentration required to support the observed polymerization rates, implying that the majority of monomers are transiently kept in a non-polymerizable "reserve" pool. The actin network disassembles and reassembles throughout the lamellipodium within seconds, so the lamellipodial network turnover is local. The diffusible actin transport, on the other hand, is global: actin subunits typically diffuse across the entire lamellipodium before reassembling into the network. This combination of local network turnover and global transport of dissociated subunits through the cytoplasm makes actin transport robust yet rapidly adaptable and amenable to regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Raz-Ben Aroush
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Noa Ofer
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Enas Abu-Shah
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jun Allard
- Department of Mathematics, Center for Complex Biological Systems and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Oleg Krichevsky
- Physics Department and Ilse Kats Center for Nanoscience, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
| | - Kinneret Keren
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Network Biology Research Laboratories, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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25
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Yamashiro S, Watanabe N. Overview of Single-Molecule Speckle (SiMS) Microscopy and Its Electroporation-Based Version with Efficient Labeling and Improved Spatiotemporal Resolution. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071585. [PMID: 28684722 PMCID: PMC5539652 DOI: 10.3390/s17071585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell single-molecule imaging was introduced more than a decade ago, and has provided critical information on remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, the motion of plasma membrane proteins, and dynamics of molecular motor proteins. Actin remodeling has been the best target for this approach because actin and its associated proteins stop diffusing when assembled, allowing visualization of single-molecules of fluorescently-labeled proteins in a state specific manner. The approach based on this simple principle is called Single-Molecule Speckle (SiMS) microscopy. For instance, spatiotemporal regulation of actin polymerization and lifetime distribution of actin filaments can be monitored directly by tracking actin SiMS. In combination with fluorescently labeled probes of various actin regulators, SiMS microscopy has contributed to clarifying the processes underlying recycling, motion and remodeling of the live-cell actin network. Recently, we introduced an electroporation-based method called eSiMS microscopy, with high efficiency, easiness and improved spatiotemporal precision. In this review, we describe the application of live-cell single-molecule imaging to cellular actin dynamics and discuss the advantages of eSiMS microscopy over previous SiMS microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Cell Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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26
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Maninova M, Caslavsky J, Vomastek T. The assembly and function of perinuclear actin cap in migrating cells. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1207-1218. [PMID: 28101692 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stress fibers are actin bundles encompassing actin filaments, actin-crosslinking, and actin-associated proteins that represent the major contractile system in the cell. Different types of stress fibers assemble in adherent cells, and they are central to diverse cellular processes including establishment of the cell shape, morphogenesis, cell polarization, and migration. Stress fibers display specific cellular organization and localization, with ventral fibers present at the basal side, and dorsal fibers and transverse actin arcs rising at the cell front from the ventral to the dorsal side and toward the nucleus. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are a specific subtype of stress fibers that rise from the leading edge above the nucleus and terminate at the cell rear forming a dome-like structure. Perinuclear actin cap fibers are fixed at three points: both ends are anchored in focal adhesions, while the central part is physically attached to the nucleus and nuclear lamina through the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Here, we discuss recent work that provides new insights into the mechanism of assembly and the function of these actin stress fibers that directly link extracellular matrix and focal adhesions with the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslava Maninova
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Caslavsky
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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27
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Miermans CA, Kusters RPT, Hoogenraad CC, Storm C. Biophysical model of the role of actin remodeling on dendritic spine morphology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170113. [PMID: 28158194 PMCID: PMC5291493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small membranous structures that protrude from the neuronal dendrite. Each spine contains a synaptic contact site that may connect its parent dendrite to the axons of neighboring neurons. Dendritic spines are markedly distinct in shape and size, and certain types of stimulation prompt spines to evolve, in fairly predictable fashion, from thin nascent morphologies to the mushroom-like shapes associated with mature spines. It is well established that the remodeling of spines is strongly dependent upon the actin cytoskeleton inside the spine. A general framework that details the precise role of actin in directing the transitions between the various spine shapes is lacking. We address this issue, and present a quantitative, model-based scenario for spine plasticity validated using realistic and physiologically relevant parameters. Our model points to a crucial role for the actin cytoskeleton. In the early stages of spine formation, the interplay between the elastic properties of the spine membrane and the protrusive forces generated in the actin cytoskeleton propels the incipient spine. In the maturation stage, actin remodeling in the form of the combined dynamics of branched and bundled actin is required to form mature, mushroom-like spines. Importantly, our model shows that constricting the spine-neck aids in the stabilization of mature spines, thus pointing to a role in stabilization and maintenance for additional factors such as ring-like F-actin structures. Taken together, our model provides unique insights into the fundamental role of actin remodeling and polymerization forces during spine formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Miermans
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R P T Kusters
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Storm
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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28
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Przybyla L, Muncie JM, Weaver VM. Mechanical Control of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transitions in Development and Cancer. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2016; 32:527-554. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laralynne Przybyla
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143;
| | - Jonathon M. Muncie
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143;
- Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering (University of California, San Francisco, and University of California, Berkeley), San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143;
- Departments of Anatomy, Bioengineering, and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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29
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Ojima K, Lin ZX, de Andrade IR, Costa ML, Mermelstein C. Distinctive Effects of Cytochalasin B in Chick Primary Myoblasts and Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154109. [PMID: 27119825 PMCID: PMC4847871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-based structures play fundamental roles in cellular functions. However it remains controversial how cells cope with the absence of F-actin structures. This report focuses on short- and long-term effects of cytochalasin B (CB) on actin-complexes in fibroblasts and myoblasts. Thirty min of CB treatment dispersed subplasma actin cortices, lamellipodia, ruffled membranes, stress fibers and adhesion plaques into actin patches in fibroblasts and muscle cells. In contrast, 72 hrs CB treatment showed distinct morphological effects. Fibroblasts became giant multinucleated-finger shaped with 5 to 10 protrusions, 3-8 μm in width, and >200 μm in length. They lacked cortical actin, stress fibers, adhesion plaques and ruffled membranes but contained immense lamelliopodia with abnormal adhesion plaque protein complexes. Muscle cells transformed into multinucleated globular-shaped but contained normal I-Z-I and A-bands, indicating that CB did not interfere with the assembly of myofibrils. Within 30 min after CB removal, finger-shaped fibroblasts returned to their original shape and actin-containing structures rapidly reappeared, whereas muscle cells respond slowly to form elongated myotubes following CB washout. The capacity to grow, complete several nuclear cycles, assemble intermediate filaments and microtubules without a morphologically recognizable actin cytoskeleton raises interesting issues related to the role of the actin compartments in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0901, Japan
| | - Zhong-Xiang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Medical University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ivone Rosa de Andrade
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–902, Brasil
| | - Manoel Luis Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–902, Brasil
| | - Claudia Mermelstein
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–902, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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30
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Guetta-Terrier C, Monzo P, Zhu J, Long H, Venkatraman L, Zhou Y, Wang P, Chew SY, Mogilner A, Ladoux B, Gauthier NC. Protrusive waves guide 3D cell migration along nanofibers. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:683-701. [PMID: 26553933 PMCID: PMC4639865 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reductionist approaches based on 3D fibers reveal that single-cell migration along fibers is driven by lateral actin-based waves for various cell types. In vivo, cells migrate on complex three-dimensional (3D) fibrous matrices, which has made investigation of the key molecular and physical mechanisms that drive cell migration difficult. Using reductionist approaches based on 3D electrospun fibers, we report for various cell types that single-cell migration along fibronectin-coated nanofibers is associated with lateral actin-based waves. These cyclical waves have a fin-like shape and propagate up to several hundred micrometers from the cell body, extending the leading edge and promoting highly persistent directional movement. Cells generate these waves through balanced activation of the Rac1/N-WASP/Arp2/3 and Rho/formins pathways. The waves originate from one major adhesion site at leading end of the cell body, which is linked through actomyosin contractility to another site at the back of the cell, allowing force generation, matrix deformation and cell translocation. By combining experimental and modeling data, we demonstrate that cell migration in a fibrous environment requires the formation and propagation of dynamic, actin based fin-like protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascale Monzo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Jie Zhu
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Hongyan Long
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
| | - Lakshmi Venkatraman
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Yue Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228 Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - PeiPei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228 Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Alexander Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411 Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7592 and Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
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31
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Tsai FC, Koenderink GH. Shape control of lipid bilayer membranes by confined actin bundles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8834-8847. [PMID: 26395896 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In living cells, lipid membranes and biopolymers determine each other's conformation in a delicate force balance. Cellular polymers such as actin filaments are strongly confined by the plasma membrane in cell protrusions such as lamellipodia and filopodia. Conversely, protrusion formation is facilitated by actin-driven membrane deformation and these protrusions are maintained by dense actin networks or bundles of actin filaments. Here we investigate the mechanical interplay between actin bundles and lipid bilayer membranes by reconstituting a minimal model system based on cell-sized liposomes with encapsulated actin filaments bundled by fascin. To address the competition between the deformability of the membrane and the enclosed actin bundles, we tune the bundle stiffness (through the fascin-to-actin molar ratio) and the membrane rigidity (through protein decoration). Using confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis, we show that actin bundles deform the liposomes into a rich set of morphologies. For liposomes having a small membrane bending rigidity, the actin bundles tend to generate finger-like membrane protrusions that resemble cellular filopodia. Stiffer bundles formed at high crosslink density stay straight in the liposome body, whereas softer bundles formed at low crosslink density are bent and kinked. When the membrane has a large bending rigidity, membrane protrusions are suppressed. In this case, membrane enclosure forces the actin bundles to organize into cortical rings, to minimize the energy cost associated with filament bending. Our results highlight the importance of taking into account mechanical interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane to understand cell shape control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Systems Biophysics Department, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijsje Hendrika Koenderink
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Systems Biophysics Department, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Actin, actin-related proteins and profilin in diatoms: A comparative genomic analysis. Mar Genomics 2015; 23:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Two-Phase Acto-Cytosolic Fluid Flow in a Moving Keratocyte: A 2D Continuum Model. Bull Math Biol 2015; 77:1813-32. [PMID: 26403420 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-015-0105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The F-actin network and cytosol in the lamellipodia of crawling cells flow in a centripetal pattern and spout-like form, respectively. We have numerically studied this two-phase flow in the realistic geometry of a moving keratocyte. Cytosol has been treated as a low viscosity Newtonian fluid flowing through the high viscosity porous medium of F-actin network. Other involved phenomena including myosin activity, adhesion friction, and interphase interaction are also discussed to provide an overall view of this problem. Adopting a two-phase coupled model by myosin concentration, we have found new accurate perspectives of acto-cytosolic flow and pressure fields, myosin distribution, as well as the distribution of effective forces across the lamellipodia of a keratocyte with stationary shape. The order of magnitude method is also used to determine the contribution of forces in the internal dynamics of lamellipodia.
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34
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Saito N, Kanie K, Matsubara M, Muramatsu A, Yamaguchi M. Dynamic and Reversible Polymorphism of Self-Assembled Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Systems Derived from Cyclic Bis(ethynylhelicene) Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6594-601. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Frontier
Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanie
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1,
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsubara
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1,
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muramatsu
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1,
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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35
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Bidone TC, Kim T, Deriu MA, Morbiducci U, Kamm RD. Multiscale impact of nucleotides and cations on the conformational equilibrium, elasticity and rheology of actin filaments and crosslinked networks. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 14:1143-55. [PMID: 25708806 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells are able to respond to mechanical forces and deformations. The actin cytoskeleton, a highly dynamic scaffolding structure, plays an important role in cell mechano-sensing. Thus, understanding rheological behaviors of the actin cytoskeleton is critical for delineating mechanical behaviors of cells. The actin cytoskeleton consists of interconnected actin filaments (F-actin) that form via self-assembly of actin monomers. It has been shown that molecular changes of the monomer subunits impact the rigidity of F-actin. However, it remains inconclusive whether or not the molecular changes can propagate to the network level and thus alter the rheological properties of actin networks. Here, we focus on how cation binding and nucleotide state tune the molecular conformation and rigidity of F-actin and a representative rheological behavior of actin networks, strain-stiffening. We employ a multiscale approach by combining established computational techniques: molecular dynamics, normal mode analysis and Brownian dynamics. Our findings indicate that different combinations of nucleotide (ATP, ADP or ADP-Pi) and cation [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] at one or multiple sites) binding change the molecular conformation of F-actin by varying inter- and intra-strand interactions which bridge adjacent subunits between and within F-actin helical strands. This is reflected in the rigidity of actin filaments against bending and stretching. We found that differences in extension and bending rigidity of F-actin induced by cation binding to the low-, intermediate- and high-affinity sites vary the strain-stiffening response of actin networks crosslinked by rigid crosslinkers, such as scruin, whereas they minimally impact the strain-stiffening response when compliant crosslinkers, such as filamin A or [Formula: see text]-actinin, are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Carla Bidone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
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36
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Notbohm J, Lesman A, Tirrell DA, Ravichandran G. Quantifying cell-induced matrix deformation in three dimensions based on imaging matrix fibers. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1186-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An experimental technique that images fibers of an extracellular matrix to quantify cell-induced deformations and microstructural changes in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Notbohm
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - David A. Tirrell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - Guruswami Ravichandran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
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37
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Tian X, Tian Y, Gawlak G, Meng F, Kawasaki Y, Akiyama T, Birukova AA. Asef controls vascular endothelial permeability and barrier recovery in the lung. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:636-50. [PMID: 25518936 PMCID: PMC4325835 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report of Asef involvement in the regulation of endothelial vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo. Asef activation in endothelial cells by hepatocyte growth factor suppressed the Rho-dependent pathway of agonist-induced endothelial permeability and promoted Rac1-dependent endothelial barrier recovery. Increased levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in injured lungs may reflect a compensatory response to diminish acute lung injury (ALI). HGF-induced activation of Rac1 GTPase stimulates endothelial barrier protective mechanisms. This study tested the involvement of Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Asef in HGF-induced endothelial cell (EC) cytoskeletal dynamics and barrier protection in vitro and in a two-hit model of ALI. HGF induced membrane translocation of Asef and stimulated Asef Rac1-specific nucleotide exchange activity. Expression of constitutively activated Asef mutant mimicked HGF-induced peripheral actin cytoskeleton enhancement. In contrast, siRNA-induced Asef knockdown or expression of dominant-negative Asef attenuated HGF-induced Rac1 activation evaluated by Rac-GTP pull down and FRET assay with Rac1 biosensor. Molecular inhibition of Asef attenuated HGF-induced peripheral accumulation of cortactin, formation of lamellipodia-like structures, and enhancement of VE-cadherin adherens junctions and compromised HGF-protective effect against thrombin-induced RhoA GTPase activation, Rho-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling, and EC permeability. Intravenous HGF injection attenuated lung inflammation and vascular leak in the two-hit model of ALI induced by excessive mechanical ventilation and thrombin signaling peptide TRAP6. This effect was lost in Asef−/− mice. This study shows for the first time the role of Asef in HGF-mediated protection against endothelial hyperpermeability and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Grzegorz Gawlak
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Fanyong Meng
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yoshihiro Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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38
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Tian Y, Gawlak G, Shah AS, Higginbotham K, Tian X, Kawasaki Y, Akiyama T, Sacks DB, Birukova AA. Hepatocyte growth factor-induced Asef-IQGAP1 complex controls cytoskeletal remodeling and endothelial barrier. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4097-109. [PMID: 25492863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.620377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) attenuates agonist-induced endothelial cell (EC) permeability and increases pulmonary endothelial barrier function via Rac-dependent enhancement of the peripheral actin cytoskeleton. However, the precise mechanisms of HGF effects on the peripheral cytoskeleton are not well understood. This study evaluated a role for Rac/Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Asef and the multifunctional Rac effector, IQGAP1, in the mechanism of HGF-induced EC barrier enhancement. HGF induced Asef and IQGAP1 co-localization at the cell cortical area and stimulated formation of an Asef-IQGAP1 functional protein complex. siRNA-induced knockdown of Asef or IQGAP1 attenuated HGF-induced EC barrier enhancement. Asef knockdown attenuated HGF-induced Rac activation and Rac association with IQGAP1, and it abolished both IQGAP1 accumulation at the cell cortical layer and IQGAP1 interaction with actin cytoskeletal regulators cortactin and Arp3. Asef activation state was essential for Asef interaction with IQGAP1 and protein complex accumulation at the cell periphery. In addition to the previously reported role of the IQGAP1 RasGAP-related domain in the Rac-dependent IQGAP1 activation and interaction with its targets, we show that the IQGAP1 C-terminal domain is essential for HGF-induced IQGAP1/Asef interaction and Asef-Rac-dependent activation leading to IQGAP1 interaction with Arp3 and cortactin as a positive feedback mechanism of IQGAP1 activation. These results demonstrate a novel feedback mechanism of HGF-induced endothelial barrier enhancement via Asef/IQGAP1 interactions, which regulate the level of HGF-induced Rac activation and promote cortical cytoskeletal remodeling via IQGAP1-Arp3/cortactin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Tian
- From the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Grzegorz Gawlak
- From the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alok S Shah
- From the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Katherine Higginbotham
- From the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xinyong Tian
- From the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Yoshihiro Kawasaki
- the Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- the Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - David B Sacks
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Anna A Birukova
- From the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
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39
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Liu Y, Medda R, Liu Z, Galior K, Yehl K, Spatz JP, Cavalcanti-Adam E, Salaita K. Nanoparticle tension probes patterned at the nanoscale: impact of integrin clustering on force transmission. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5539-46. [PMID: 25238229 PMCID: PMC4189618 DOI: 10.1021/nl501912g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we aimed to understand how nanoscale clustering of RGD ligands alters the mechano-regulation of their integrin receptors. We combined molecular tension fluorescence microscopy with block copolymer micelle nanolithography to fabricate substrates with arrays of precisely spaced probes that can generate a 10-fold fluorescence response to pN-forces. We found that the mechanism of sensing ligand spacing is force-mediated. This strategy is broadly applicable to investigating receptor clustering and its role in mechanotransduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rebecca Medda
- Department
of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kornelia Galior
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department
of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elisabetta
Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department
of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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40
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Khaitlina SY. Intracellular transport based on actin polymerization. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:917-27. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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41
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Tian X, Tian Y, Moldobaeva N, Sarich N, Birukova AA. Microtubule dynamics control HGF-induced lung endothelial barrier enhancement. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105912. [PMID: 25198505 PMCID: PMC4157766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MT) play a vital role in many cellular functions, but their role in peripheral actin cytoskeletal dynamics which is essential for control of endothelial barrier and monolayer integrity is less understood. We have previously described the enhancement of lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) which was associated with Rac1-mediated remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. This study investigated involvement of MT-dependent mechanisms in the HGF-induced enhancement of EC barrier. HGF-induced Rac1 activation was accompanied by phosphorylation of stathmin, a regulator of MT dynamics. HGF also stimulated MT peripheral growth monitored by time lapse imaging and tracking analysis of EB-1-decorated MT growing tips, and increased the pool of acetylated tubulin. These effects were abolished by EC pretreatment with HGF receptor inhibitor, downregulation of Rac1 pathway, or by expression of a stathmin-S63A phosphorylation deficient mutant. Expression of stathmin-S63A abolished the HGF protective effects against thrombin-induced activation of RhoA cascade, permeability increase, and EC barrier dysfunction. These results demonstrate a novel MT-dependent mechanism of HGF-induced EC barrier regulation via Rac1/PAK1/stathmin-dependent control of MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nurgul Moldobaeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anna A. Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Barzik M, McClain LM, Gupton SL, Gertler FB. Ena/VASP regulates mDia2-initiated filopodial length, dynamics, and function. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2604-19. [PMID: 24989797 PMCID: PMC4148250 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are long plasma membrane extensions involved in the formation of adhesive, contractile, and protrusive actin-based structures in spreading and migrating cells. Whether filopodia formed by different molecular mechanisms equally support these cellular functions is unresolved. We used Enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP)-deficient MV(D7) fibroblasts, which are also devoid of endogenous mDia2, as a model system to investigate how these different actin regulatory proteins affect filopodia morphology and dynamics independently of one another. Filopodia initiated by either Ena/VASP or mDia2 contained similar molecular inventory but differed significantly in parameters such as number, length, F-actin organization, lifetime, and protrusive persistence. Moreover, in the absence of Ena/VASP, filopodia generated by mDia2 did not support initiation of integrin-dependent signaling cascades required for adhesion and subsequent lamellipodial extension, thereby causing a defect in early cell spreading. Coexpression of VASP with constitutively active mDia2(M/A) rescued these early adhesion defects. We conclude that Ena/VASP and mDia2 support the formation of filopodia with significantly distinct properties and that Ena/VASP regulates mDia2-initiated filopodial morphology, dynamics, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Barzik
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Leslie M McClain
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Frank B Gertler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Álvarez-González B, Bastounis E, Meili R, del Álamo JC, Firtel R, Lasheras JC. Cytoskeletal Mechanics Regulating Amoeboid Cell Locomotion. APPLIED MECHANICS REVIEWS 2014; 66. [PMID: 25328163 PMCID: PMC4201387 DOI: 10.1115/1.4026249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Migrating cells exert traction forces when moving. Amoeboid cell migration is a common type of cell migration that appears in many physiological and pathological processes and is performed by a wide variety of cell types. Understanding the coupling of the biochemistry and mechanics underlying the process of migration has the potential to guide the development of pharmacological treatment or genetic manipulations to treat a wide range of diseases. The measurement of the spatiotemporal evolution of the traction forces that produce the movement is an important aspect for the characterization of the locomotion mechanics. There are several methods to calculate the traction forces exerted by the cells. Currently the most commonly used ones are traction force microscopy methods based on the measurement of the deformation induced by the cells on elastic substrate on which they are moving. Amoeboid cells migrate by implementing a motility cycle based on the sequential repetition of four phases. In this paper we review the role that specific cytoskeletal components play in the regulation of the cell migration mechanics. We investigate the role of specific cytoskeletal components regarding the ability of the cells to perform the motility cycle effectively and the generation of traction forces. The actin nucleation in the leading edge of the cell, carried by the ARP2/3 complex activated through the SCAR/WAVE complex, has shown to be fundamental to the execution of the cyclic movement and to the generation of the traction forces. The protein PIR121, a member of the SCAR/WAVE complex, is essential to the proper regulation of the periodic movement and the protein SCAR, also included in the SCAR/WAVE complex, is necessary for the generation of the traction forces during migration. The protein Myosin II, an important F-actin cross-linker and motor protein, is essential to cytoskeletal contractility and to the generation and proper organization of the traction forces during migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Álvarez-González
- Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering Department,
University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
e-mail:
| | - Effie Bastounis
- Postdoctoral Fellow
Division of Cell and Developmental Biology,
University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
| | - Ruedi Meili
- Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering Department,
Division of Cell and Developmental Biology,
University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
| | - Juan C. del Álamo
- Associate Professor
Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering Department,
Institute for Engineering in Medicine,
University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
| | - Richard Firtel
- Distinguished Professor
Division of Cell and Developmental Biology,
University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
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Black BJ, Gu L, Mohanty SK. Highly effective photonic cue for repulsive axonal guidance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86292. [PMID: 24717339 PMCID: PMC3981697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo nerve repair requires not only the ability to regenerate damaged axons, but most importantly, the ability to guide developing or regenerating axons along paths that will result in functional connections. Furthermore, basic studies in neuroscience and neuro-electronic interface design require the ability to construct in vitro neural circuitry. Both these applications require the development of a noninvasive, highly effective tool for axonal growth-cone guidance. To date, a myriad of technologies have been introduced based on chemical, electrical, mechanical, and hybrid approaches (such as electro-chemical, optofluidic flow and photo-chemical methods). These methods are either lacking in desired spatial and temporal selectivity or require the introduction of invasive external factors. Within the last fifteen years however, several attractive guidance cues have been developed using purely light based cues to achieve axonal guidance. Here, we report a novel, purely optical repulsive guidance technique that uses low power, near infrared light, and demonstrates the guidance of primary goldfish retinal ganglion cell axons through turns of up to 120 degrees and over distances of ∼90 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Black
- Biophysics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ling Gu
- Biophysics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samarendra K Mohanty
- Biophysics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
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Cerecedo D, Martínez-Vieyra I, Alonso-Rangel L, Benítez-Cardoza C, Ortega A. Epithelial sodium channel modulates platelet collagen activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:127-36. [PMID: 24679405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets adhere to the exposed subendothelial extracellular matrix and undergo a rapid cytoskeletal rearrangement resulting in shape change and release of their intracellular dense and alpha granule contents to avoid hemorrhage. A central step in this process is the elevation of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration through its release from intracellular stores and on throughout its influx from the extracellular space. The Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a highly selective Na(+) channel involved in mechanosensation, nociception, fluid volume homeostasis, and control of arterial blood pressure. The present study describes the expression, distribution, and participation of ENaC in platelet migration and granule secretion using pharmacological inhibition with amiloride. Our biochemical and confocal analysis in suspended and adhered platelets suggests that ENaC is associated with Intermediate filaments (IF) and with Dystrophin-associated proteins (DAP) via α-syntrophin and β-dystroglycan. Migration assays, quantification of soluble P-selectin, and serotonin release suggest that ENaC is dispensable for migration and alpha and dense granule secretion, whereas Na(+) influx through this channel is fundamental for platelet collagen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Cerecedo
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ivette Martínez-Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lea Alonso-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Hematobiología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Benítez-Cardoza
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Lin JL, Chen CG, Shen ZZ, Piao ZX, Li WQ, Liu L, Xu LY, Li EM. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization correlates with polarization of secretory vesicle and cell morphology in the degranulation of mast cell subtypes in human colon tissues. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:407-14. [PMID: 24161690 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in the intestinal immune response. To investigate the relationship between degranulation, cell polarization and the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton of mast cells, we used fluorescence or gold labeling methods to identify different mast cell subtypes in human colon. The reorganization of filamentous actin was visualized and then the polarization of secretory vesicles, as well as cell surfaces, was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Our results first showed a diversity of filamentous actin assembly or disassembly within the contacting cell membrane of different mast cell subtypes. The polarization and degranulation of secretory vesicles was not only accompanied with the assembly and disassembly of filamentous actin at the cell periphery, but also with changes of cell surface polarization. Our study provides an insight into the local membranous structures and suggested correlations of cytoskeleton arrangement with the polarization of secretory vesicles and cell surface configuration during mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Lin
- Laboratory of Analytical Cytology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Gui Chen
- Laboratory of Analytical Cytology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xian Piao
- Laboratory of Analytical Cytology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiu Li
- Laboratory of Analytical Cytology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu
- Laboratory of Analytical Cytology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
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Sato S, Yamamoto H, Mukaisho KI, Saito S, Hattori T, Yamamoto G, Sugihara H. Continuous taurocholic acid exposure promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression due to reduced cell loss resulting from enhanced vascular development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88831. [PMID: 24551170 PMCID: PMC3925151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refluxogenic effects of smoking and alcohol abuse may be related to the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present study attempts to clarify the effects of continuous taurocholic acid (TCA) exposure, which is neither mutagenic nor genotoxic, on ESCC progression. METHODS A squamous carcinoma cell line (ESCC-DR) was established from a tumor induced in a rat model of gastroduodenal reflux. ESCC-DR cells were incubated with 2 mM TCA for ≥2 months. The effects of continuous TCA exposure were evaluated in vitro on cell morphology, growth, and invasion and in vivo on xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, the mean level of secreted transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins in cell culture supernatants and mRNA synthesis of TGF-β1 and VEGF-A of ESCC cells were measured. The angiogenic potential was further examined by a migration assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS Continuous TCA exposure induced marked formation of filopodia in vitro. Expression levels of angiogenic factors were significantly higher in the cells treated with TCA than in control cells. Tumor xenografts derived from cells pre-exposed to TCA were larger and more vascularized than those derived from control cells. In addition, TCA exposure increased HUVEC migration. CONCLUSION Continuous TCA exposure enhanced ESCC progression due to reduced cell loss in vivo. Cell loss was inhibited by TCA-induced vascular endothelial cell migration, which was mediated by TGF-β1 and VEGF-A released from ESCC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ultrastructure
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Cell Shape/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Esophageal Neoplasms/blood supply
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Taurocholic Acid/adverse effects
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sato
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shota Saito
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takanori Hattori
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Go A, Ryu YK, Lee JW, Moon EY. Cell motility is decreased in macrophages activated by cancer cell-conditioned medium. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:481-6. [PMID: 24404340 PMCID: PMC3879921 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a role in innate immune responses to various foreign antigens. Many products from primary tumors influence the activation and transmigration of macrophages. Here, we investigated a migration of macrophages stimulated with cancer cell culture-conditioned medium (CM). Macrophage activation by treatment with CM of B16F10 cells were judged by the increase in protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). The location where macrophages were at 4 h-incubation with control medium or CM was different from where they were at 5 h-incubation in culture dish. Percentage of superimposed macrophages at every 1 h interval was gradually increased by CM treatment as compared to control. Total coverage of migrated track expressed in coordinates was smaller and total distance of migration was shorter in CM-treated macrophages than that in control. Rac1 activity in CM-treated macrophages was also decreased as compared to that in control. When macrophages were treated with CM in the presence of dexamethasone (Dex), an increase in COX2 protein levels, and a decrease in Rac1 activity and total coverage of migration were reversed. In the meanwhile, biphasic changes were detected by Dex treatment in section distance of migration at each time interval, which was more decreased at early time and then increased at later time. Taken together, data demonstrate that macrophage motility could be reduced in accordance with activation in response to cancer cell products. It suggests that macrophage motility could be a novel marker to monitor cancer-associated inflammatory diseases and the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Go
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyoung Ryu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
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49
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Hable WE. Rac1 signaling in the establishment of the fucoid algal body plan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:690. [PMID: 25540648 PMCID: PMC4261725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fucoid zygotes use environmental vectors, including sunlight, to initiate a growth axis a few hours after fertilization. The first division is then transversely oriented by the growth axis, producing daughter cells of distinct fates. The tip growing rhizoid cell gives rise to the holdfast, anchoring the alga to the intertidal substratum, while the opposite thallus cell mainly generates the photosynthetic and reproductive stipe and fronds. Elaboration of this simple growth axis thus establishes the basic body plan of the adult; and elucidating the mechanisms responsible for formation of the growth axis is paramount to understanding fucoid morphogenesis. Recent studies have culminated in a model whereby sunlight, and perhaps other environmental cues, activate the signaling protein Rac1 at the rhizoid pole. Here it sets in motion nucleation of a patch of actin filaments that in turn, targets ions, proteins, and cellular processes to the future growth site. At germination, Rac1 initiates morphogenesis by inducing transformation of the patch of actin filaments to a structure that delivers vesicles to the growing tip, and a few hours later orients the spindle and cytokinetic plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E. Hable
- *Correspondence: Whitney E. Hable, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA e-mail:
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50
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Ogden A, Rida PCG, Aneja R. Heading off with the herd: how cancer cells might maneuver supernumerary centrosomes for directional migration. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:269-87. [PMID: 23114845 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The complicity of centrosomes in carcinogenesis is unmistakable. Mounting evidence clearly implicates a robust correlation between centrosome amplification (CA) and malignant transformation in diverse tissue types. Furthermore, CA has been suggested as a marker of cancer aggressiveness, in particular the invasive phenotype, in breast and prostate cancers. One means by which CA promotes malignancy is through induction of transient spindle multipolarity during mitosis, which predisposes the cell to karyotypic changes arising from low-grade chromosome mis-segregation. It is well recognized that during cell migration in interphase, centrosome-mediated nucleation of a radial microtubule array is crucial for establishing a polarized Golgi apparatus, without which directionality is precluded. The question of how cancer cells maneuver their supernumerary centrosomes to achieve directionality during cell migration is virtually uncharted territory. Given that CA is a hallmark of cancers and has been correlated with cancer aggressiveness, malignant cells are presumably competent in managing their centrosome surfeit during directional migration, although the cellular logistics of this process remain unexplored. Another key angle worth pondering is whether an overabundance of centrosomes confers some advantage on cancer cells in terms of their migratory and invasive capabilities. Recent studies have uncovered a remarkable strategy that cancer cells employ to deal with the problem of excess centrosomes and ensure bipolar mitoses, viz., centrosome clustering. This review aims to change the narrative by exploring how an increased centrosome complement may, via aneuploidy-independent modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton, enhance directional migration and invasion of malignant cells. We postulate that CA imbues cancer cells with cytoskeletal advantages that enhance cell polarization, Golgi-dependent vesicular trafficking, stromal invasion, and other aspects of metastatic progression. We also propose that centrosome declustering may represent a novel, cancer cell-specific antimetastatic strategy, as cancer cells may rely on centrosome clustering during migration as they do in mitosis. Elucidation of these details offers an exciting avenue for future research, as does investigating how CA may promote metastasis through enhanced directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ogden
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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