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Kondakov A, Berdalin A, Beregov M, Lelyuk V. Emerging Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. J Imaging 2022; 8:261. [PMID: 36286355 PMCID: PMC9605050 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic widespread cardiovascular disease and a major predisposing factor for cardiovascular events, among which there are myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is a process that involves different mechanisms, of which inflammation is the most common. Plenty of radiopharmaceuticals were developed to elucidate the process of plaque formation at different stages, some of which were highly specific for atherosclerotic plaque. This review summarizes the current nuclear medicine imaging landscape of preclinical and small-scale clinical studies of these specific RPs, which are not as widespread as labeled FDG, sodium fluoride, and choline. These include oxidation-specific epitope imaging, macrophage, and other cell receptors visualization, neoangiogenesis, and macrophage death imaging. It is shown that specific radiopharmaceuticals have strength in pathophysiologically sound imaging of the atherosclerotic plaques at different stages, but this also may induce problems with the signal registration for low-volume plaques in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kondakov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Radiology and Radiotherapy Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Berdalin
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Beregov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lelyuk
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Toribio M, Wilks MQ, Hedgire S, Lu MT, Cetlin M, Wang M, Alhallak I, Durbin CG, White KS, Wallis Z, Schnittman SR, Stanley TL, El-Fakhri G, Lee H, Autissier P, Zanni MV, Williams KC, Grinspoon SK. Increased Macrophage-Specific Arterial Infiltration Relates to Non-calcified Plaque and Systemic Immune Activation in People with HIV. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1823-1833. [PMID: 35856671 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent immune activation is thought to contribute to heightened atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among people with HIV (PWH). METHODS Participants (≥18 years) with versus without HIV and without history of clinical ASCVD were enrolled. We hypothesized that increased macrophage-specific arterial infiltration would relate to plaque composition and systemic immune activation among PWH. We applied a novel targeted molecular imaging approach [technetium-99 m (99mTc)-tilmanocept single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT] and comprehensive immune phenotyping. RESULTS Aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake was significantly higher among PWH (N = 20) versus participants without HIV (N = 10) with similar 10-year ASCVD risk (P = 0.02). Among PWH, but not among participants without HIV, non-calcified aortic plaque volume related directly to aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake at different uptake thresholds. An interaction (P = 0.001) was seen between HIV status and non-calcified plaque volume, but not calcified plaque (P = 0.83). Systemic levels of caspase-1 (P = 0.004), CD14-CD16+ (non-classical/patrolling/homing) monocytes (P = 0.0004) and CD8+ T-cells (P = 0.005) related positively and CD4+/CD8 + T-cell ratio (P = 0.02) inversely to aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake volume. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage-specific arterial infiltration was higher among PWH and related to non-calcified aortic plaque volume only among PWH. Key systemic markers of immune activation relating to macrophage-specific arterial infiltration may contribute to heightened ASCVD risk among PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Toribio
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moses Q Wilks
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandeep Hedgire
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline Cetlin
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Wang
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia G Durbin
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin S White
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Zoey Wallis
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Samuel R Schnittman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georges El-Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Markella V Zanni
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Gangopadhyay A, Saha A. Drug repurposing against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of dengue serotype 3 by virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35642087 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by the dengue flavivirus. The NS5 protein of flaviviruses is a potential therapeutic target, and comprises an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) domain that catalyses viral replication. The aim of this study was to repurpose FDA-approved drugs against the RDRP domain of dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV3) using structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The FDA-approved drugs were screened against the RDRP domain of DENV3 using a two-step docking-based screening approach with Glide SP and Glide XP. For comparison, four reported DENV3 RDRP inhibitors were docked as standards. The hitlist was screened based on the docking score of the inhibitor with the lowest docking score (PubChem ID: 118797902; reported IC50 value: 0.34 µM). Five hits with docking scores and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) energy lower than those of 118797902 were selected. The stability of the hit-receptor complexes was investigated using 100 ns MD simulations in an explicit solvent. The results of MD simulations demonstrated that polydatin and betiatide remained stably bound to the receptor, and formed stable interactions with the RDRP domain of DENV3. The hit-receptor interactions were comparable to those of 118797902. The average Prime MM-GBSA energy of polydatin and betiatide was lower than that of 118797902 during simulation, indicating that their binding affinity to DENV3 RDRP was higher than that of the standard. The results of this study may aid in the development of serotype-selective drugs against dengue in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Papasavva A, Shegani A, Kiritsis C, Roupa I, Ischyropoulou M, Makrypidi K, Pilatis I, Loudos G, Pelecanou M, Papadopoulos M, Pirmettis I. Comparative Study of a Series of 99mTc(CO) 3 Mannosylated Dextran Derivatives for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164797. [PMID: 34443384 PMCID: PMC8400719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node detection (SLND) is rapidly entering common practice in the management of patients with tumors. The introduction of mannose molecules to 99mTc-labeled dextrans, so far, showed that the sentinel node could trap these agents due to their recognition by the mannose receptors of lymph node macrophages. The current study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and biologically evaluate a series of mannosylated dextran derivatives labeled with 99mTc for potential use in SLND. The compounds were designed to have a dextran with a molecular weight of 10–500 kDa as a backbone, S-derivatized cysteines, efficient SNO chelators, and mannose moieties for binding to mannose receptors. They were successfully synthesized, thoroughly characterized using NMR techniques, and labeled with the fac-[99mTc(CO)3]+ synthon. Labeling with high yields and radiochemical purities was achieved with all derivatives. In vivo biodistribution and imaging studies demonstrated high uptake in the first lymph node and low uptakes in the following node and confirmed the ability to visualize the SLN. Among the compounds studied, 99mTc-D75CM demonstrated the most attractive biological features, and in combination with the high radiochemical yield and stability of the compound, its further evaluation as a new radiopharmaceutical for sentinel lymph node detection was justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Papasavva
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonio Shegani
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Christos Kiritsis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Ioanna Roupa
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Myrto Ischyropoulou
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Konstantina Makrypidi
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Irineos Pilatis
- BIOEMTECH Laboratories, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park—NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (I.P.); (G.L.)
| | - George Loudos
- BIOEMTECH Laboratories, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park—NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (I.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece;
| | - Minas Papadopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (A.S.); (C.K.); (I.R.); (M.I.); (K.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-650-3921
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Sentinel node identification with [99mTc]-tilmanocept SPECT/CT: a pictorial essay of clinical applications. Clin Transl Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo 68Ga radiolabeling of thiosemicarbazone Schiff base derived from dialdehyde dextran as a promising blood pool imaging agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:915-921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Lee JY, Kim HY, Lee YS, Jeong JM. Naphthol Blue Black and 99mTc-Labeled Mannosylated Human Serum Albumin ( 99mTc-MSA) Conjugate as a Multimodal Lymph Node Mapping Nanocarrier. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13636. [PMID: 30206287 PMCID: PMC6134003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
99mTc-labeled mannosylated human serum albumin (MSA) has been reported as a sentinel lymph node (SLN)-imaging agent by binding to macrophages in the LNs. By conjugating it with blue dye, we developed a new multimodal radio-nanocarrier by visual investigation, fluorescence imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT). Binding affinities of seven blue dyes to MSA were tested. According to the spectroscopic study and visual inspection of MSA-bound dyes, naphthol blue black (NBB) was selected as the best candidate of multimodal agent. Thus, 99mTc-MSA-NBB conjugate was prepared and further investigated using mice. After footpad injection, it showed high popliteal LN accumulation at 1 h. SPECT/CT also showed high popliteal as well as inguinal LN uptakes at 10 min that sustained until 2 h. In conclusion, we prepared a multimodal SLN imaging radio-nanocarrier, 99mTc-MSA-NBB conjugate, and confirmed its excellency as a multimodal probe for SLN mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Youn Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zanni MV, Toribio M, Wilks MQ, Lu MT, Burdo TH, Walker J, Autissier P, Foldyna B, Stone L, Martin A, Cope F, Abbruzzese B, Brady T, Hoffmann U, Williams KC, El-Fakhri G, Grinspoon SK. Application of a Novel CD206+ Macrophage-Specific Arterial Imaging Strategy in HIV-Infected Individuals. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1264-1269. [PMID: 28204544 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to noninvasively assess arterial CD206+ macrophages may lead to improved understanding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cardiovascular disease. Methods We trialed a novel macrophage-specific arterial imaging technique. Results We demonstrated colocalization between technetium Tc 99m tilmanocept (99mTc-tilmanocept) and CD206+ macrophages ex vivo. In vivo application of 99mTc-tilmanocept single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography revealed high-level 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake across 20.4% of the aortic surface volume among HIV-infected subjects, compared with 4.3% among non-HIV-infected subjects (P = .009). Among all subjects, aortic high-level 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake was related to noncalcified aortic plaque volume (r = 0.87; P = .003) on computed tomographic angiography, and this relationship held when we controlled for HIV status. Conclusion These first-in-human data introduce a novel macrophage-specific arterial imaging technique in HIV. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02542371.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moses Q Wilks
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Tricia H Burdo
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua Walker
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Fred Cope
- Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ohio
| | | | - Thomas Brady
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | | | - Georges El-Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Unkart JT, Wallace AM. Use of 99mTc-Tilmanocept as a Single Agent for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Pilot Study. J Nucl Med Technol 2017; 45:181-184. [PMID: 28705929 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.117.194415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
99mTc-tilmanocept received recent Food and Drug Administration approval for lymphatic mapping in 2013. However, to our knowledge, no prior studies have evaluated the use of 99mTc-tilmanocept as a single agent in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer. Methods: We executed this retrospective pilot study to assess the ability of 99mTc-tilmanocept to identify sentinel nodes as a single agent in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. Patients received a single intradermal injection overlying the tumor of either 18.5 MBq (0.5 mCi) of 99mTc-tilmanocept on the day of surgery or 74.0 MBq (2.0 mCi) on the day before surgery by a radiologist. Immediate 3-view lymphoscintigraphy was performed. Intraoperatively, SLNs were identified with a portable γ-probe. A node was classified as hot if the count (per second) of the node was more than 3 times the background count. Descriptive statistics are reported. Results: Nineteen patients underwent SLN biopsy with single-agent 99mTc-tilmanocept. Immediate lymphoscintigraphy identified at least 1 sentinel node in 13 of 17 patients (76.5%). Intraoperatively, at least 1 (mean, 1.7 ± 0.8; range, 1-3) hot node was identified in all patients. Three patients (15.8%) had 1 disease-positive SLN. Conclusion: In this small, retrospective pilot study, 99mTc-tilmanocept performed well as a single agent for intraoperative sentinel node identification in breast cancer. A larger, randomized clinical trial is warranted to compare 99mTc-tilmanocept as a single agent with other radiopharmaceuticals for sentinel node identification in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Unkart
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anne M Wallace
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Pant K, Sedláček O, Nadar RA, Hrubý M, Stephan H. Radiolabelled Polymeric Materials for Imaging and Treatment of Cancer: Quo Vadis? Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28218487 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their tunable blood circulation time and suitable plasma stability, polymer-based nanomaterials hold a great potential for designing and utilising multifunctional nanocarriers for efficient imaging and effective treatment of cancer. When tagged with appropriate radionuclides, they may allow for specific detection (diagnosis) as well as the destruction of tumours (therapy) or even customization of materials, aiming to both diagnosis and therapy (theranostic approach). This review provides an overview of recent developments of radiolabelled polymeric nanomaterials (natural and synthetic polymers) for molecular imaging of cancer, specifically, applying nuclear techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Different approaches to radiolabel polymers are evaluated from the methodical radiochemical point of view. This includes new bifunctional chelating agents (BFCAs) for radiometals as well as novel labelling methods. Special emphasis is given to eligible strategies employed to evade the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in view of efficient targeting. The discussion encompasses promising strategies currently employed as well as emerging possibilities in radionuclide-based cancer therapy. Key issues involved in the clinical translation of radiolabelled polymers and future scopes of this intriguing research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritee Pant
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Robin A. Nadar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského námeˇstí 2 16206 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
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12
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Dual PET and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Probes as Tools for Imaging in Oncology. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207:266-73. [PMID: 27223168 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to summarize advances in PET fluorescence resolution, agent design, and preclinical imaging that make a growing case for clinical PET fluorescence imaging. CONCLUSION Existing SPECT, PET, fluorescence, and MRI contrast imaging techniques are already deeply integrated into the management of cancer, from initial diagnosis to the observation and management of metastases. Combined positron-emitting fluorescent contrast agents can convey new or substantial benefits that improve on these proven clinical contrast agents.
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Azad AK, Rajaram MVS, Metz WL, Cope FO, Blue MS, Vera DR, Schlesinger LS. γ-Tilmanocept, a New Radiopharmaceutical Tracer for Cancer Sentinel Lymph Nodes, Binds to the Mannose Receptor (CD206). JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:2019-29. [PMID: 26202986 PMCID: PMC4543904 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
γ-Tilmanocept ((99m)Tc-labeled-tilmanocept or [(99m)Tc]-tilmanocept) is the first mannose-containing, receptor-directed, radiolabeled tracer for the highly sensitive imaging of sentinel lymph nodes in solid tumor staging. To elucidate the mannose-binding receptor that retains tilmanocept in this microenvironment, human macrophages were used that have high expression of the C-type lectin mannose receptor (MR; CD206). Cy3-labeled tilmanocept exhibited high specificity binding to macrophages that was nearly abolished in competitive inhibition experiments. Furthermore, Cy3-tilmanocept binding was markedly reduced on macrophages deficient in the MR by small interfering RNA treatment and was increased on MR-transfected HEK 293 cells. Finally, confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of Cy3-tilmanocept with the macrophage membrane MR and binding of labeled tilmanocept to MR(+) cells (macrophages and/or dendritic cells) in human sentinel lymph node tissues. Together these data provide strong evidence that CD206 is a major binding receptor for γ-tilmanocept. Identification of CD206 as the γ-tilmanocept-binding receptor enables opportunities for designing receptor-targeted advanced imaging agents and therapeutics for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K Azad
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wendy L Metz
- Clinical and Medical Groups, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Dublin, OH 43017; and
| | - Frederick O Cope
- Clinical and Medical Groups, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Dublin, OH 43017; and
| | - Michael S Blue
- Clinical and Medical Groups, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Dublin, OH 43017; and
| | - David R Vera
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
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EANM practice guidelines for lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015. [PMID: 26205952 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an essential staging tool in patients with clinically localized melanoma. The harvesting of a sentinel lymph node entails a sequence of procedures with participation of specialists in nuclear medicine, radiology, surgery and pathology. The aim of this document is to provide guidelines for nuclear medicine physicians performing lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node detection in patients with melanoma. METHODS These practice guidelines were written and have been approved by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) to promote high-quality lymphoscintigraphy. The final result has been discussed by distinguished experts from the EANM Oncology Committee, national nuclear medicine societies, the European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO) and the European Association for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) melanoma group. The document has been endorsed by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). CONCLUSION The present practice guidelines will help nuclear medicine practitioners play their essential role in providing high-quality lymphatic mapping for the care of melanoma patients.
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Morais M, Campello MPC, Xavier C, Heemskerk J, Correia JDG, Lahoutte T, Caveliers V, Hernot S, Santos I. Radiolabeled Mannosylated Dextran Derivatives Bearing an NIR-Fluorophore for Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1963-70. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Morais
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Maria P. C. Campello
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In
Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johannes Heemskerk
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In
Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- In
Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In
Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel Santos
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Baker JL, Pu M, Tokin CA, Hoh CK, Vera DR, Messer K, Wallace AM. Comparison of [(99m)Tc]tilmanocept and filtered [(99m)Tc]sulfur colloid for identification of SLNs in breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 22:40-5. [PMID: 25069859 PMCID: PMC4273083 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background
The efficacy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery requires targeted removal of first-draining nodes; however, frequently more nodes are removed than necessary. [99mTc]tilmanocept (TcTM) is a molecular-targeted radiopharmaceutical specifically designed for SLN mapping. We evaluated technical outcomes of SLN biopsy in breast cancer patients mapped with TcTM + vital blue dye (VBD) versus filtered [99mTc]sulfur colloid (fTcSC) + VBD.
Methods There were 84 versus 115 patients in the TcTM versus fTcSC cohorts, respectively. Main measures were the number of SLNs removed per patient and factors influencing number of nodes removed. We also evaluated whether the radiotracer injected affected the proportion of positive nodes removed in node-positive patients. Results Fewer nodes were removed among patients mapped with TcTM compared to fTcSC (mean TcTM: 1.85 vs. fTcSC: 3.24, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for tumor characteristics showed that injection of fTcSC (p < 0.001) independently predicted removal of greater than 3 nodes. A similar proportion of patients was identified as node-positive, whether mapped with TcTM or with fTcSC (TcTM: 24 % vs. fTcSC: 17 %, p = 0.3); however, TcTM detected a greater proportion of positive nodes among node-positive patients compared with fTcSC (0.73 vs. 0.43, p = 0.001). Conclusions Patients undergoing SLN biopsy with TcTM required fewer SLNs to identify the same rate of node-positive patients compared with fTcSC in breast cancer patients with similar risk of axillary metastatic disease. These data suggest that a molecularly targeted mechanism of SLN identification may reduce the total number of nodes necessary for accurate axillary staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Munley MT, Kagadis GC, McGee KP, Kirov AS, Jang S, Mutic S, Jeraj R, Xing L, Bourland JD. An introduction to molecular imaging in radiation oncology: a report by the AAPM Working Group on Molecular Imaging in Radiation Oncology (WGMIR). Med Phys 2014; 40:101501. [PMID: 24089890 DOI: 10.1118/1.4819818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is the direct or indirect noninvasive monitoring and recording of the spatial and temporal distribution of in vivo molecular, genetic, and/or cellular processes for biochemical, biological, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications. Molecular images that indicate the presence of malignancy can be acquired using optical, ultrasonic, radiologic, radionuclide, and magnetic resonance techniques. For the radiation oncology physicist in particular, these methods and their roles in molecular imaging of oncologic processes are reviewed with respect to their physical bases and imaging characteristics, including signal intensity, spatial scale, and spatial resolution. Relevant molecular terminology is defined as an educational assist. Current and future clinical applications in oncologic diagnosis and treatment are discussed. National initiatives for the development of basic science and clinical molecular imaging techniques and expertise are reviewed, illustrating research opportunities in as well as the importance of this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Munley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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18
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Moncayo VM, Aarsvold JN, Grant SF, Bartley SC, Alazraki NP. Status of sentinel lymph node for breast cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2014; 43:281-93. [PMID: 23725990 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-awaited results from randomized clinical trials designed to test the validity of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as replacement of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in management of early breast cancer have recently been published. All the trials conclude SLNB has survival rates comparable to those of ALND (up to 10 years in one study) and conclude SLNB has less morbidity than ALND. All the trials support replacing ALND with SLNB for staging in early breast cancer; all support SLNB as the standard of care for such cancer. The SLNB protocols used in the trials varied, and no consensus that would suggest a standard protocol exists. The results of the trials and of other peer-reviewed research do, however, suggest a framework for including some specific methodologies in accepted practice. This article highlights the overall survival and disease-free survival data as reported from the clinical trials. This article also reviews the status of SLN procedures and the following: male breast cancer, the roles of various imaging modalities (single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and ultrasound), ductal carcinoma in situ, extra-axillary SLNs, SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation exposure to patients and medical personnel, and a new radiotracer that is the first to label SLNs not by particle trapping but by specific macrophage receptor binding. The proper Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for lymphoscintigraphy and SLN localization prior to surgery is 78195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Moncayo
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Giglio J, Fernández S, Jentschel C, Pietzsch HJ, Papadopoulos M, Pelecanou M, Pirmettis I, Paolino A, Rey A. Design and development of (99m)tc-'4+1'-labeled dextran-mannose derivatives as potential radiopharmaceuticals for sentinel lymph node detection. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:541-51. [PMID: 23651043 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, labeling, and biological evaluation of a dextran derivative (DCM-30-iso) as potential radiopharmaceutical for sentinel lymph node imaging is presented. DCM-30-iso bears mannose as active moiety and isocyanide as ligand for technetium through the formation of a '4+1' Tc(III) mixed-ligand complex. A second derivative without mannose (DC-25-iso) was also prepared and evaluated as control. DCM-30-iso and DC-25-iso were synthesized from dextran in four steps (>50% overall yield) and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Labeling with (99m)Tc was achieved by reaction with 2,2',2''-nitrilotris(ethanethiol) and (99m)Tc-EDTA. Radiochemical purity was above 90% and was stable for at least 4 hours postlabeling at 37°C. The identity of the (99m)Tc complex was established through comparative HPLC studies using the well-characterized analogous Re-DC-25-iso complex. Biodistribution and imaging experiments of (99m)Tc-DCM-30-iso showed high uptake in the popliteal lymph node, which could be blocked with preinjection of mannose, and very low uptake in other nodes and organs. The nonmannosylated (99m)Tc-DC-25-iso derivative showed negligible uptake in all lymph nodes. The novel dextran-mannose derivative DCM-30-iso can be successfully labeled with (99m)Tc to give a well-characterized '4+1' complex with favorable biological properties as sentinel lymph node imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Giglio
- Cátedra de Radioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Psimadas D, Bouziotis P, Georgoulias P, Valotassiou V, Tsotakos T, Loudos G. Radiolabeling approaches of nanoparticles with99mTc. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:333-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety; N.C.S.R. ‘Demokritos’; 15310; Aghia Paraskevi; Greece
| | - Panagiotis Georgoulias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital of Larissa; 41110; Mezourlo; Larissa; Greece
| | - Varvara Valotassiou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital of Larissa; 41110; Mezourlo; Larissa; Greece
| | | | - George Loudos
- Department of Medical Instruments Technology; Technological Educational Institute of Athens; Aghiou Spyridonos 28; 12210; Egaleo; Greece
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21
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Subramanian S, Pandey U, Papadopoulos M, Pirmettis I, Venkatesh M, Samuel G. Studies Toward the Biological Efficacy of 99mTc-Labeled Dextran-Cysteine-Mannose ([99mTc(CO)3]DCM20) for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:365-70. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Subramanian
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Minas Papadopoulos
- Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR “Demokritos,” Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR “Demokritos,” Athens, Greece
| | - Meera Venkatesh
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Grace Samuel
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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22
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Pirmettis I, Arano Y, Tsotakos T, Okada K, Yamaguchi A, Uehara T, Morais M, Correia JDG, Santos I, Martins M, Pereira S, Triantis C, Kyprianidou P, Pelecanou M, Papadopoulos M. New (99m)Tc(CO)(3) mannosylated dextran bearing S-derivatized cysteine chelator for sentinel lymph node detection. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1681-92. [PMID: 22519912 DOI: 10.1021/mp300015s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to synthesize new mannosylated dextran derivative that can be labeled with Tc-99m for potential use in sentinel lymph node detection (SLND). The compound was designed to have a dextran with molecular weight of 10 kDa as a backbone, mannose for binding to mannose receptors of the lymph node and S-derivatized cysteine as a suitable chelator for labeling with [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) precursor. Reaction of allyl bromide with dextran (MW 11800) yielded the intermediate allyl-dextran (1) with about 40% coupling. Addition of cysteine to allyl-dextran resulted in the S-derivatized cysteine, compound DC15 (2). The final product DCM20 (3) was obtained in good yield after in situ hydrolysis and activation of cyanomethyl tetraacetyl-1-thio-d-mannopyranoside and coupling to DC15. All derivatives were purified by ultrafiltration and characterized by NMR. DC15 and DCM20 were quantitatively labeled with (99m)Tc (>95% radiochemical purity) using the fac-[(99m)Tc(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+) precursor and ligand concentration of 1.5 × 10(-6) M at neutral pH. Both (99m)Tc-labeled compounds (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-DC15 (6) and (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-DCM20 (7) remained stable after 6 h incubation at 37 °C in the presence of excess histidine or cysteine, as well as even after 20-fold dilution and incubation for 24 h at room temperature. The characterization of the compounds 6 and 7 was performed by comparing their HPLC radiochromatograms with those of their rhenium surrogates Re(CO)(3)-DC15 (4) and Re(CO)(3)-DCM20 (5) respectively that were prepared using the precursor [NEt(4)](2)fac-[ReBr(3)(CO)(3)] and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. When injected subcutaneously from the foot pad of mice, (99m)Tc-labeled mannosylated dextran (7) showed accumulation in the popliteal lymph node (SLN in this model) higher than that of non-mannosylated analogue (6) and the (99m)Tc-phytate serving as standard. Compound 7 also exhibited lower radioactivity levels at the injection site compared to (99m)Tc-phytate. The SPECT/CT studies in mice confirmed that 7 accumulated in the popliteal lymph node allowing its clear visualization. The present findings demonstrate that compound 7 ((99m)Tc(CO)(3)-DCM20) is promising and merits further evaluation as a radiopharmaceutical for sentinel lymph node detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pirmettis
- Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
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23
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Grallert SRM, Rangel-Yagui CDO, Pasqualoto KFM, Tavares LC. Polymeric micelles and molecular modeling applied to the development of radiopharmaceuticals. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelles composed of amphiphilic copolymers linked to a radioactive element are used in nuclear medicine predominantly as a diagnostic application. A relevant advantage of polymeric micelles in aqueous solution is their resulting particle size, which can vary from 10 to 100 nm in diameter. In this review, polymeric micelles labeled with radioisotopes including technetium (99mTc) and indium (111In), and their clinical applications for several diagnostic techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), gamma-scintigraphy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), were discussed. Also, micelle use primarily for the diagnosis of lymphatic ducts and sentinel lymph nodes received special attention. Notably, the employment of these diagnostic techniques can be considered a significant tool for functionally exploring body systems as well as investigating molecular pathways involved in the disease process. The use of molecular modeling methodologies and computer-aided drug design strategies can also yield valuable information for the rational design and development of novel radiopharmaceuticals.
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24
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Núñez EGF, de Oliveira EA, da Silva NG, de Oliveira Filho RS. Combining dose and injection volume for good performance of a specific radiopharmaceutical for sentinel node detection. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Wang D, Shi J, Tan J, Jin X, Li Q, Kang H, Liu R, Jia B, Huang Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Biodistribution of 125I-Labeled Dex-g-PMAGGCONHTyr. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1851-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200194s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deqian Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qinmei Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Honglang Kang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruigang Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Natural Research Center for Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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Morais M, Subramanian S, Pandey U, Samuel G, Venkatesh M, Martins M, Pereira S, Correia JDG, Santos I. Mannosylated Dextran Derivatives Labeled with fac-[M(CO)3]+ (M = 99mTc, Re) for Specific Targeting of Sentinel Lymph Node. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:609-20. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100425p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Morais
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Suresh Subramanian
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India 400 085
| | - Usha Pandey
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India 400 085
| | - Grace Samuel
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India 400 085
| | - Meera Venkatesh
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India 400 085
| | | | | | - João D. G. Correia
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
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Ting R, Aguilera TA, Crisp JL, Hall DJ, Eckelman WC, Vera DR, Tsien RY. Fast 18F labeling of a near-infrared fluorophore enables positron emission tomography and optical imaging of sentinel lymph nodes. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1811-9. [PMID: 20873712 PMCID: PMC2957852 DOI: 10.1021/bc1001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We combine a novel boronate trap for F− with a near-infrared fluorophore into a single molecule. Attachment to targeting ligands enables localization by positron emission tomography (PET) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF). Our first application of this generic tag is to label Lymphoseek (tilmanocept), an agent designed for receptor-specific sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping. The new conjugate incorporates 18F− in a single, aqueous step, targets mouse SLN rapidly (1 h) with reduced distal lymph node accumulation, permits PET or scintigraphic imaging of SLN, and enables NIRF-guided excision and histological verification even after 18F decay. This embodiment is superior to current SLN mapping agents such as nontargeted [99mTc]sulfur colloids and Isosulfan Blue, as well as the phase III targeted ligand [99mTc]SPECT Lymphoseek counterpart, species that are visible by SPECT or visible absorbance separately. Facile incorporation of 18F into a NIRF probe should promote many synergistic PET and NIRF combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ting
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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28
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Keshtgar M, Zaknun JJ, Sabih D, Lago G, Cox CE, Leong SPL, Mariani G. Implementing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Programs in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities. World J Surg 2011; 35:1159-68; discussion 1155-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-0956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Choi JY, Jeong JM, Yoo BC, Kim K, Kim Y, Yang BY, Lee YS, Lee DS, Chung JK, Lee MC. Development of 68Ga-labeled mannosylated human serum albumin (MSA) as a lymph node imaging agent for positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 38:371-9. [PMID: 21492786 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although many sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging agents labeled with (99m)Tc have been developed, no positron-emitting agent has been specifically designed for SLN imaging. Furthermore, the development of the beta probe and the requirement for better image resolution have increased the need for a positron-emitting SLN imaging agent. Here, we describe the development of a novel positron-emitting SLN imaging agent labeled with (68)Ga. METHODS A mannosylated human serum albumin (MSA) was synthesized by conjugating α-d-mannopyranosylphenyl isothiocyanate to human serum albumin in sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.5), and then 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid was conjugated to synthesize NOTA-MSA. Numbers of mannose and NOTA units conjugated in NOTA-MSA were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. NOTA-MSA was labeled with (68)Ga at room temperature. The stability of (68)Ga-NOTA-MSA was checked in labeling medium at room temperature and in human serum at 37°C. Biodistribution in normal ICR mice was investigated after tail vein injection, and micro-positron emission tomography (PET) images were obtained after injecting (68)Ga-NOTA-MSA into a tail vein or a footpad. RESULTS The numbers of conjugated α-d-mannopyranosylphenyl isothiocyanate and 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid units in NOTA-MSA were 10.6 and 6.6, respectively. The labeling efficiency of (68)Ga-NOTA-MSA was greater than 99% at room temperature, and its stability was greater than 99% at 4 h. Biodistribution and micro-PET studies of (68)Ga-NOTA-MSA showed high liver and spleen uptakes after intravenous injection. (68)Ga-NOTA-MSA injected into a footpad rapidly migrated to the lymph node. CONCLUSIONS (68)Ga-NOTA-MSA was successfully developed as a novel SLN imaging agent for PET. NOTA-MSA is easily labeled at high efficiency, and subcutaneously administered (68)Ga-NOTA-MSA was found to migrate rapidly to the lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Loudos G, Kagadis GC, Psimadas D. Current status and future perspectives of in vivo small animal imaging using radiolabeled nanoparticles. Eur J Radiol 2010; 78:287-95. [PMID: 20637553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Small animal molecular imaging is a rapidly expanding efficient tool to study biological processes non-invasively. The use of radiolabeled tracers provides non-destructive, imaging information, allowing time related phenomena to be repeatedly studied in a single animal. In the last decade there has been an enormous progress in related technologies and a number of dedicated imaging systems overcome the limitations that the size of small animal possesses. On the other hand, nanoparticles (NPs) gain increased interest, due to their unique properties, which make them perfect candidates for biological applications. Over the past 5 years the two fields seem to cross more and more often; radiolabeled NPs have been assessed in numerous pre-clinical studies that range from oncology, till HIV treatment. In this article the current status in the tools, applications and trends of radiolabeled NPs reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Loudos
- Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, AG. Spyridonos 28, Egaleo 12210, Greece.
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Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer types. It is generally divided into two categories: melanoma (∼ 5%) and nonmelanoma (∼ 95%), which can be further categorized into basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and some rare skin cancer types. Biopsy is still the gold standard for skin cancer evaluation in the clinic. Various anatomical imaging techniques have been used to evaluate different types of skin cancer lesions, including laser scanning confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, high-frequency ultrasound, terahertz pulsed imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and some other recently developed techniques such as photoacoustic microscopy. However, anatomical imaging alone may not be sufficient in guiding skin cancer diagnosis and therapy. Over the last decade, various molecular imaging techniques (in particular single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography) have been investigated for skin cancer imaging. The pathways or molecular targets that have been studied include glucose metabolism, integrin αvβ3, melanocortin-1 receptor, high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen, and several other molecular markers. Preclinical molecular imaging is thriving all over the world, while clinical molecular imaging has not lived up to the expectations because of slow bench-to-bedside translation. It is likely that this situation will change in the near future and molecular imaging will truly play an important role in personalized medicine of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Kim S, Jeong JM, Hong MK, Jang JJ, Lee J, Lee DS, Chung JK, Lee MC. Differential receptor targeting of liver cells using 99mTc-neoglycosylated human serum albumins. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:60-6. [PMID: 18277609 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-008-1121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neolactosyl human serum albumin (LSA) targets asialoglycoprotein receptor and shows high liver uptake due to accumulation in hepatocytes. Although neomannosyl human serum albumin (MSA) also shows high liver uptake, it has been reported to be taken up by Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. We compared the biological properties of LSA and MSA. 99mTc-LSA and 99mTc-MSA biodistribution in mice were investigated after intravenous injection. In vivo localization of rhodaminisothiocyanate (RITC)-LSA and fluoresceineisothiocyanate (FITC)-MSA were investigated in mouse liver. Excretion routes of 99mTc-LSA and 99mTc-MSA metabolites were examined. Both 99mTc-LSA and 99mTc-MSA showed high liver uptakes. RITC-LSA was taken up by hepatocytes whereas FITC-MSA was taken up by Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. 99mTc-MSA showed higher spleen and kidney uptakes than 99mTc-LSA. 99mTc-LSA metabolites excreted in urine and feces accounted for 44.4 and 50.0% of 99mTc-LSA injected, respectively, while 99mTc-MSA metabolites accounted for 51.5 and 10.3%, respectively. In conclusion, LSA is specifically taken up by hepatcytes while MSA by Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. After taken up by the liver, LSA is metabolized by the hepatocytes and then excreted through both the hepatobiliary tract and kidney, whereas MSA is metabolized by Kupffer cells and endoghelial cells and then excreted mainly through the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Schibli R, Marti N, Maurer P, Spingler B, Lehaire ML, Gramlich V, Barnes CL. Syntheses and Characterization of Dicarbonyl−Nitrosyl Complexes of Technetium(I) and Rhenium(I) in Aqueous Media: Spectroscopic, Structural, and DFT Analyses. Inorg Chem 2004; 44:683-90. [PMID: 15679403 DOI: 10.1021/ic049599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work describes new synthetic routes to produce mixed carbonyl-nitrosyl complexes of technetium(I) and rhenium(I) in aqueous media. NaNO2, NOHSO4, and NO2(g) have been used to produce in situ nitrous acid as the primary source of NO+. Starting from the organometallic precursor fac-[MX3(CO)3]+, 1 (M = 99Tc, Re; X = Cl, Br), the formation of mixed dicarbonyl-mononitrosyl complexes was observed in aqueous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acid. Time-dependent analyses of the reactions by means of HATR-IR and 99Tc NMR spectroscopy in solution revealed the almost quantitative substitution of one CO ligand by NO+ and, thus, the formation of complexes with facial arrangement of the three pi-acceptor ligands. In the case of technetium, the monomeric complex (NEt4)[TcCl3(CO)2NO] (3a) and the dimeric, chloride-bridged, neutral complex [TcCl(mu-Cl)(CO)2NO]2 (4a) were produced. In the case of rhenium, the monomeric species (NEt4)[ReBr2X(CO)2NO] (X = Br (3b), NO3 (5)) was solely isolated. The X-ray structure of complexes 4a and 5 are discussed. The crystallographic analyses revealed the coordination of the NO+ group trans to the terminal chloride (4a) or the bromide (5), respectively. Crystal data: complex 4a (C4Cl4N2O(6)Tc2), monoclinic, Cc, a = 18.82(3) A, b = 6.103(6) A, c = 12.15(2) A, alpha = 90 degrees , beta = 105.8(2) degrees , gamma = 90 degrees , V = 1343(3) A(3), Z = 4; complex 5 (C10H20N3O(6)Br2Re), orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 10.2054(5) A, b = 12.5317(7) A, c = 13.9781(7) A, V = 1787.67(16) A(3), Z = 4. The isolated complexes and their potential facial isomers have been further investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The energy differences of the isomers are relatively small; however, the calculated energies are consistent with the formation of the observed and isolated compounds. The calculated bond lengths and angles of complex 5 are in good agreement with the data determined by X-ray diffraction. Experiments on the no-carrier-added level starting from fac-[99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ revealed the formation of the complex fac-[99mTcCl(H2O)2(CO)2NO]+ in reasonable good yields. This aqueous-based, synthetic approach will enable the future evaluation of this novel, low-valent metal precursor for potential use in radiopharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Jeong JM, Hong MK, Kim YJ, Lee J, Kang JH, Lee DS, Chung JK, Lee MC. Development of 99mTc-neomannosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-MSA) as a novel receptor binding agent for sentinel lymph node imaging. Nucl Med Commun 2004; 25:1211-7. [PMID: 15640781 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200412000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Various mannose receptor-binding agents, for example 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-mannosyl-polymer, have been developed for sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging. In order to simplify the synthesis and labelling procedure and to improve the biological properties, we developed a novel mannose receptor-binding agent, 99mTc-neomannosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-MSA), for SLN imaging. METHODS MSA was synthesized by conjugating mannopyranosylphenylisothiocyanate to human serum albumin (HSA). After reducing MSA with beta-mercaptoethanol and PD-10 column purification, a medronate solution containing stannous fluoride was added, divided into aliquots and freeze-dried. Reduced MSA was labelled with 99mTc-pertechnetate solution. The stability was checked for 24 h at 37 degrees C in human serum. The biodistribution of 99mTc-MSA in mice was investigated by intravenous injection through the tail vein and subcutaneous injection into the foot pad. The biodistributions of 99mTc-HSA and 99mTc-antimony sulphur colloid (99mTc-ASC) were also investigated for comparison. Dynamic whole-body images were obtained for 30 min after subcutaneous injection into the rats' foot pads. RESULTS The number of mannose molecules conjugated per MSA was 15.9. The number of thiol groups produced was 19.4 per MSA after reduction with beta-mercaptoethanol. Labelling yields were always higher than 97%. 99mTc-MSA was stable for 24 h at 37 degrees C in human serum. The biodistribution in mice after intravenous injection showed high liver uptake (50.7+/-5.5% and 42.7+/-3.7% injected dose per gram at 10 and 60 min, respectively). 99mTc-MSA and 99mTc-ASC showed high accumulation in the lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection, whereas 99mTc-HSA and Tc-tin colloid did not, in both biodistribution and imaging studies. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed a novel 99mTc-MSA for lymphoscintigraphy. The results of animal studies show that 99mTc-MSA has promising properties for SLN imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Takagi K, Uehara T, Kaneko E, Nakayama M, Koizumi M, Endo K, Arano Y. 99mtc-labeled mannosyl-neoglycoalbumin for sentinel lymph node identification. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:893-900. [PMID: 15464391 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2003] [Revised: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
99mTc-labeled mannosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NMA) was prepared and evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical for sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification, since 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) rapidly cleared from injection sites. NMA was conjugated with 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) and reacted with [99mTc](tricine)2 to prepare [99mTc](HYNIC-NMA)(tricine)2. After subcutaneous injection of [99mTc](HYNIC-NMA)(tricine)2 from murine foot pad, radioactivity levels in the popliteal and lumbar lymph nodes, the injection site and other tissues were compared with those of [99mTc](HYNIC-HSA)(tricine)2 and 99mTc-labeled colloidal rhenium sulfate ([99mTc]colloid). [99mTc](HYNIC-NMA)(tricine)2 demonstrated significantly higher radioactivity levels in the popliteal lymph node, the SLN in this model, than did [99mTc](HYNIC-HSA)(tricine)2 and [99mTc]colloid at 0.5, 1, and 6 h post-injection. [99mTc](HYNIC-NMA)(tricine)2 showed a dose-dependent decrease in the popliteal accumulation while the radioactivity levels in the blood, liver and spleen increased with an increase in the molar dose of NMA. [99mTc]colloid registered a decrease in the radioactivity levels in the popliteal lymph node, blood, liver, and spleen with dilution. However, the radioactivity levels at the injection site increased with dilution of [99mTc] colloid. Both [99mTc](HYNIC-NMA)(tricine)2 and [99mTc](HYNIC-HSA)(tricine)2 showed the radioactivity levels at the injection site similar each other. These findings indicated that an addition of a macrophage binding function to 99mTc-labeled HSA provided high and selective accumulation of the radioactivity in the SLN without affecting the elimination rate from the injection site. Such characteristics render [99mTc](HYNIC-NMA)(tricine)2 attractive as a radiopharmaceutical for SLN identification. This study also demonstrated that the number of non-radiolabeled colloidal particles and the molar dose of mannosylated compounds play a crucial role in the SLN accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8675, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
We report the preclinical testing of a synthetic receptor-binding macromolecule, [(99m)Tc]DTPA-mannosyl-dextran (36 kDa, 8 DTPA and 55 mannosyl units per dextran, K(D) = 0.12 nM), for sentinel node detection. Nonclinical safety studies included cardiac pharmacology safety studies, acute toxicology and pathology studies at 50 and 500 times the scaled human dose in both rats and rabbits after foot pad administration, and perivascular irritation studies in rabbits following intra-muscular administration at 100 and 1000 times the scaled human dose. Biodistribution studies in rabbits at 15 m, 1 h, and 3 h indicated that [(99m)Tc]DTPA-mannosyl-dextran cleared the hind foot pad with a biological half-life of 2.21 +/- 0.27 h. Other than mild hepatocyte hypertrophy in rabbits, no abnormalities in toxicology or pathology were found. Intravenous administration had no effect on survival, any clinical observations, electrocardiograms, or blood pressures. Intramuscular injection had no effect on survival, clinical observations, injection site observations, or injection site histopathology. The estimated absorbed radiation dose to the affected breast was 0.15 mGy/MBq and the effective dose was 1.06 x 10(-2) mSv/MBq. This preclinical study demonstrates that [(99m)Tc]DTPA-mannosyl-dextran has no toxicities and has an acceptable biodistribution and radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl K Hoh
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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