1
|
Zhang Y, Chen S, Xu L, Chu S, Yan X, Lin L, Wen J, Zheng B, Chen S, Li Q. Transcription factor PagMYB31 positively regulates cambium activity and negatively regulates xylem development in poplar. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1806-1828. [PMID: 38339982 PMCID: PMC11062435 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wood formation involves consecutive developmental steps, including cell division of vascular cambium, xylem cell expansion, secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition, and programmed cell death. In this study, we identified PagMYB31 as a coordinator regulating these processes in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa and built a PagMYB31-mediated transcriptional regulatory network. PagMYB31 mutation caused fewer layers of cambial cells, larger fusiform initials, ray initials, vessels, fiber and ray cells, and enhanced xylem cell SCW thickening, showing that PagMYB31 positively regulates cambial cell proliferation and negatively regulates xylem cell expansion and SCW biosynthesis. PagMYB31 repressed xylem cell expansion and SCW thickening through directly inhibiting wall-modifying enzyme genes and the transcription factor genes that activate the whole SCW biosynthetic program, respectively. In cambium, PagMYB31 could promote cambial activity through TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF)/PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM (PXY) signaling by directly regulating CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED (CLE) genes, and it could also directly activate WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX RELATED4 (PagWOX4), forming a feedforward regulation. We also observed that PagMYB31 could either promote cell proliferation through the MYB31-MYB72-WOX4 module or inhibit cambial activity through the MYB31-MYB72-VASCULAR CAMBIUM-RELATED MADS2 (VCM2)/PIN-FORMED5 (PIN5) modules, suggesting its role in maintaining the homeostasis of vascular cambium. PagMYB31 could be a potential target to manipulate different developmental stages of wood formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Linghua Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shimin Chu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lanying Lin
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jialong Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Poplar Research Center, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Quanzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng J, Ahmad B, Deng X, Fan Z, Liu L, Lu X, Pan Y, Zha X. Genome-wide analysis of the mulberry ( Morus abla L.) GH9 gene family and the functional characterization of MaGH9B6 during the development of the abscission zone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1352635. [PMID: 38633459 PMCID: PMC11021789 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plant glycoside hydrolase family 9 genes (GH9s) are widely distributed in plants and involved in a variety of cellular and physiological processes. In the current study, nine GH9 genes were identified in the mulberry and were divided into two subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis. Conserved motifs and gene structure analysis suggested that the evolution of the two subfamilies is relatively conserved and the glycoside hydrolase domain almost occupy the entire coding region of the GH9s gene. Only segmental duplication has played a role in the expansion of gene family. Collinearity analysis showed that mulberry GH9s had the closest relationship with poplar GH9s. MaGH9B1, MaGH9B6, MaGH9B5, and MaGH9B3 were detected to have transcript accumulation in the stalk of easy-to drop mature fruit drop, suggesting that these could play a role in mulberry fruit drop. Multiple cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress responses were found in the mulberry GH9 promoter regions and showed different activities under exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) stresses. We found that the lignin content in the fruit stalk decreased with the formation of the abscission zone (AZ), which could indirectly reflect the formation process of the AZ. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the role of GH9s in mulberry abscission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zelin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianlian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingfu Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sembada AA, Lenggoro IW. Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants and Their Detection Methods. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:131. [PMID: 38251096 PMCID: PMC10819755 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle transport into plants is an evolving field of research with diverse applications in agriculture and biotechnology. This article provides an overview of the challenges and prospects associated with the transport of nanoparticles in plants, focusing on delivery methods and the detection of nanoparticles within plant tissues. Passive and assisted delivery methods, including the use of roots and leaves as introduction sites, are discussed, along with their respective advantages and limitations. The barriers encountered in nanoparticle delivery to plants are highlighted, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches (e.g., the stem as a new recognition site) to optimize transport efficiency. In recent years, research efforts have intensified, leading to an evendeeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing the interaction of nanomaterials with plant tissues and cells. Investigations into the uptake pathways and translocation mechanisms within plants have revealed nuanced responses to different types of nanoparticles. Additionally, this article delves into the importance of detection methods for studying nanoparticle localization and quantification within plant tissues. Various techniques are presented as valuable tools for comprehensively understanding nanoparticle-plant interactions. The reliance on multiple detection methods for data validation is emphasized to enhance the reliability of the research findings. The future outlooks of this field are explored, including the potential use of alternative introduction sites, such as stems, and the continued development of nanoparticle formulations that improve adhesion and penetration. By addressing these challenges and fostering multidisciplinary research, the field of nanoparticle transport in plants is poised to make significant contributions to sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Awal Sembada
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I. Wuled Lenggoro
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Önder S, Tonguç M, Önder D, Erbaş S, Mutlucan M. Dynamic changes occur in the cell wall composition and related enzyme activities during flower development in Rosa damascena. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120098. [PMID: 37588417 PMCID: PMC10425964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The flowering period of oil-bearing rose is short and many physiological processes occur during flower development. Changes in the cell wall composition and associated enzyme activities are important as they allow cells to divide, differentiate and grow. In the present study, changes in seven cell wall components and six cell wall-related enzyme activities at five flower development stages were investigated and the relationships between these parameters and flowering were examined. Ash content did not change between stages I to II but decreased at later stages. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose contents increased after stage I but did not change significantly at the other developmental periods. Total pectin content increased throughout flower development. An "increase-decrease" trend was observed in total cellulose content and a "decrease-increase" pattern in uronic acid content. The activities of both glycosidases (β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and endoglucanase) and pectinases (pectin lyase, pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase) increased until stage IV and decreased significantly at stage V of flower development. Correlation analysis revealed 14 positive and one negative correlation with the studied parameters. Cell wall enzymes showed positive correlations with each other. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that ADF, NDF and cellulose content were significantly altered at stage II of flower development, and significant changes occurred in all cell wall enzyme activities between stages III and V. Overall, blooming is correlated closely with increased pectin and decreased cellulose contents, and changes in cell wall glucosidase and pectin hydrolysis enzyme activities. These results show that cell wall modifying enzymes are part of the flower development process in oil-bearing rose. Therefore, remodeling of cell wall components in petals is a process of flower development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Önder
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Tonguç
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Damla Önder
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Sabri Erbaş
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Murat Mutlucan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Liu P, Cai Y, Li Y, Tang C, Zhu N, Wang P, Zhang S, Wu J. PbrBZR1 interacts with PbrARI2.3 to mediate brassinosteroid-regulated pollen tube growth during self-incompatibility signaling in pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2356-2373. [PMID: 37010117 PMCID: PMC10315279 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility (SI) prevents self-fertilization and promotes outbreeding to ensure genetic diversity in many flowering plants, including pear (Pyrus sp.). Brassinosteroids (BRs) have well-documented functions in cell elongation, but their molecular mechanisms in pollen tube growth, especially in the SI response, remain elusive. Here, exogenously applied brassinolide (BL), an active BR, countered incompatible pollen tube growth inhibition during the SI response in pear. Antisense repression of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (PbrBZR1), a critical component of BR signaling, blocked the positive effect of BL on pollen tube elongation. Further analyses revealed that PbrBZR1 binds to the promoter of EXPANSIN-LIKE A3 (PbrEXLA3) to activate its expression. PbrEXLA3 encodes an expansin that promotes pollen tube elongation in pear. The stability of dephosphorylated PbrBZR1 was substantially reduced in incompatible pollen tubes, where it is targeted by ARIADNE2.3 (PbrARI2.3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is strongly expressed in pollen. Our results show that during the SI response, PbrARI2.3 accumulates and negatively regulates pollen tube growth by accelerating the degradation of PbrBZR1 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Together, our results show that an ubiquitin-mediated modification participates in BR signaling in pollen and reveal the molecular mechanism by which BRs regulate S-RNase-based SI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiling Cai
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Fan Z, Zhai Y, Huang H, Vainstein A, Ma H. Polygalacturonase gene family analysis identifies FcPG12 as a key player in fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit softening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:320. [PMID: 37316788 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fig (Ficus carica L.) tree has high economic value. However, its fruit have a short shelf life due to rapid softening. Polygalacturonases (PGs) are essential hydrolases, responsible for the pectin degradation that plays a key role in fruit softening. However, fig PG genes and their regulators have not yet been characterized. RESULTS In this study, 43 FcPGs were identified in the fig genome. They were non-uniformly distributed on 13 chromosomes, and tandem repeat PG gene clusters were found on chromosomes 4 and 5. Ka/Ks calculation and collinear analysis indicated negative selection as the main driver of FcPG family expansion. Fourteen FcPGs were found expressed in fig fruit with FPKM values > 10, of which seven were positively correlated, and three, negatively correlated with fruit softening. Eleven FcPGs were upregulated and two downregulated in response to ethephon treatment. FcPG12, a member of the tandem repeat cluster on chromosome 4, was selected for further analyses due to its sharp increment in transcript abundance during fruit softening and its response to ethephon treatment. Transient overexpression of FcPG12 led to decreased fig fruit firmness and increased PG enzyme activity in the tissue. Two ethylene response factor (ERF)-binding GCC-box sites were found on the FcPG12 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays showed that FcERF5 binds directly to the FcPG12 promoter and upregulates its expression. Transient overexpression of FcERF5 upregulated FcPG12 expression, thereby increasing PG activity and fruit softening. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified FcPG12 as a key PG gene in fig fruit softening, and its direct positive regulation by FcERF5. The results provide new information on the molecular regulation of fig fruit softening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanlei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hantang Huang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Y, Guo J, Wu F, Yu H, Min J, Zhao Y, Xu C. Genome-Wide Characteristics of GH9B Family Members in Melon and Their Expression Profiles under Exogenous Hormone and Far-Red Light Treatment during the Grafting Healing Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098258. [PMID: 37175962 PMCID: PMC10179234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-1,4-glucanase can not only promote the wound healing of grafted seedlings but can also have a positive effect on a plant's cell wall construction. As a critical gene of β-1,4-glucanase, GH9B is involved in cell wall remodeling and intercellular adhesion and plays a vital role in grafting healing. However, the GH9B family members have not yet been characterized for melons. In this study, 18 CmGH9Bs were identified from the melon genome, and these CmGH9Bs were located on 15 chromosomes. Our phylogenetic analysis of these CmGH9B genes and GH9B genes from other species divided them into three clusters. The gene structure and conserved functional domains of CmGH9Bs in different populations differed significantly. However, CmGH9Bs responded to cis elements such as low temperature, exogenous hormones, drought, and injury induction. The expression profiles of CmGH9Bs were different. During the graft healing process of the melon scion grafted onto the squash rootstock, both exogenous naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) and far-red light treatment significantly induced the upregulated expression of CmGH9B14 related to the graft healing process. The results provided a technical possibility for managing the graft healing of melon grafted onto squash by regulating CmGH9B14 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jieying Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hanqi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiahuan Min
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingtong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044054. [PMID: 36835462 PMCID: PMC9961072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls are essential structures for plant growth and development as well as plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Thus, plants have evolved signaling mechanisms to monitor the changes in the cell wall structure, triggering compensatory changes to sustain cell wall integrity (CWI). CWI signaling can be initiated in response to environmental and developmental signals. However, while environmental stress-associated CWI signaling has been extensively studied and reviewed, less attention has been paid to CWI signaling in relation to plant growth and development under normal conditions. Fleshy fruit development and ripening is a unique process in which dramatic alternations occur in cell wall architecture. Emerging evidence suggests that CWI signaling plays a pivotal role in fruit ripening. In this review, we summarize and discuss the CWI signaling in relation to fruit ripening, which will include cell wall fragment signaling, calcium signaling, and NO signaling, as well as Receptor-Like Protein Kinase (RLKs) signaling with an emphasis on the signaling of FERONIA and THESEUS, two members of RLKs that may act as potential CWI sensors in the modulation of hormonal signal origination and transduction in fruit development and ripening.
Collapse
|
9
|
Genome wide Identification and Characterization of Wheat GH9 Genes Reveals Their Roles in Pollen Development and Anther Dehiscence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116324. [PMID: 35683004 PMCID: PMC9181332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) is a key member of the hydrolase family in the process of cellulose synthesis and hydrolysis, playing important roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic characteristics and gene expression involved in pollen fertility conversion and anther dehiscence from a genomewide level. In total, 74 wheat GH9 genes (TaGH9s) were identified, which were classified into Class A, Class B and Class C and unevenly distributed on chromosomes. We also investigated the gene duplication and reveled that fragments and tandem repeats contributed to the amplification of TaGH9s. TaGH9s had abundant hormone-responsive elements and light-responsive elements, involving JA–ABA crosstalk to regulate anther development. Ten TaGH9s, which highly expressed stamen tissue, were selected to further validate their function in pollen fertility conversion and anther dehiscence. Based on the cell phenotype and the results of the scanning electron microscope at the anther dehiscence period, we found that seven TaGH9s may target miRNAs, including some known miRNAs (miR164 and miR398), regulate the level of cellulose by light and phytohormone and play important roles in pollen fertility and anther dehiscence. Finally, we proposed a hypothesis model to reveal the regulation pathway of TaGH9 on fertility conversion and anther dehiscence. Our study provides valuable insights into the GH9 family in explaining the male sterility mechanism of the wheat photo-thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile (PTGMS) line and generates useful male sterile resources for improving wheat hybrid breeding.
Collapse
|
10
|
Song X, Dai H, Wang S, Ji S, Zhou X, Li J, Zhou Q. Putrescine Treatment Delayed the Softening of Postharvest Blueberry Fruit by Inhibiting the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Key Gene VcPG1. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101356. [PMID: 35631781 PMCID: PMC9143846 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The postharvest shelf life of blueberries is very short at room temperature owing to softening, which reduces their edible value. Putrescine (Put) plays an important role in maintaining the firmness and prolonging the storage time of fruits. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Put and the cell wall metabolism and their roles in the postharvest softening of blueberry. Harvested blueberry fruit was immersed in 1 mM Put aqueous solution for 10 min. After treatment, the blueberries were stored at 20 ± 0.5 °C and 80% relative humidity for 10 days. The results show that Put delayed the softening of the blueberries. Compared to the control, the blueberry fruit treated with Put showed higher levels of firmness and protopectin. Moreover, the activity and expression levels of the cell wall metabolism enzymes were markedly inhibited by the Put treatment, including polygalacturonase (PG), β−galactosylase (β−Gal), and β−glucosidase (β−Glu). The Put treatment promoted the expression of the Put synthesis gene VcODC and inhibited the expression of the Put metabolism gene VcSPDS. Further tests showed that the fruit firmness decreased significantly after the overexpression of VcPG1, which verified that VcPG1 is a key gene for fruit softening. The key transcription factors of fruit softening were preliminarily predicted and the expressions were analyzed, laying a foundation for the subsequent study of transcriptional regulation. These results indicate that Put delays the softening of postharvest blueberry by restraining the cell wall metabolism and maintaining the fruit firmness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchong Song
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (H.D.); (S.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongyu Dai
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (H.D.); (S.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Siyao Wang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China;
| | - Shujuan Ji
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (H.D.); (S.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (H.D.); (S.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianan Li
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (H.D.); (S.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (H.D.); (S.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perrot T, Pauly M, Ramírez V. Emerging Roles of β-Glucanases in Plant Development and Adaptative Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091119. [PMID: 35567119 PMCID: PMC9099982 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant β-glucanases are enzymes involved in the synthesis, remodelling and turnover of cell wall components during multiple physiological processes. Based on the type of the glycoside bond they cleave, plant β-glucanases have been grouped into three categories: (i) β-1,4-glucanases degrade cellulose and other polysaccharides containing 1,4-glycosidic bonds to remodel and disassemble the wall during cell growth. (ii) β-1,3-glucanases are responsible for the mobilization of callose, governing the symplastic trafficking through plasmodesmata. (iii) β-1,3-1,4-glucanases degrade mixed linkage glucan, a transient wall polysaccharide found in cereals, which is broken down to obtain energy during rapid seedling growth. In addition to their roles in the turnover of self-glucan structures, plant β-glucanases are crucial in regulating the outcome in symbiotic and hostile plant-microbe interactions by degrading non-self glucan structures. Plants use these enzymes to hydrolyse β-glucans found in the walls of microbes, not only by contributing to a local antimicrobial defence barrier, but also by generating signalling glucans triggering the activation of global responses. As a counterpart, microbes developed strategies to hijack plant β-glucanases to their advantage to successfully colonize plant tissues. This review outlines our current understanding on plant β-glucanases, with a particular focus on the latest advances on their roles in adaptative responses.
Collapse
|
12
|
Campos Alencar Oldoni F, Florencio C, Brait Bertazzo G, Aparecida Grizotto P, Bogusz Junior S, Lajarim Carneiro R, Alberto Colnago L, David Ferreira M. Fruit quality parameters and volatile compounds from 'Palmer' mangoes with internal breakdown. Food Chem 2022; 388:132902. [PMID: 35447579 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The internal breakdown (IB) is a premature and uneven mango pulp ripening physiological disorder that is noticed only when the fruit is sliced for consumption. Thus, there is a demand for analytical methods to detect IB in mangoes to avoid consumer dissatisfaction and reduce postharvest waste. In this work, physicochemical and volatile compounds were determined to evaluate the ability to predict pulp IB. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the data show that color, firmness, and volatiles compounds are important to give some information about the physiological changes caused by IB. The volatile compounds methacrylic acid, ethyl ester, isopentyl ethanoate, limonene oxide, (E)-2-pentenal, tetradecane, and γ-elemene were identified as chemical markers of IB. Therefore, mango physical and chemical characteristics combined with PCA and PLS-DA were successfully employed for the identification of IB in mangoes, showing significant differences between healthy and IB fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Campos Alencar Oldoni
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/n, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Florencio
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Brait Bertazzo
- Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Trab. Sao Carlense Av., 400 - Arnold Schimidt Park, 13566-590, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela Aparecida Grizotto
- Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Trab. Sao Carlense Av., 400 - Arnold Schimidt Park, 13566-590, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Trab. Sao Carlense Av., 400 - Arnold Schimidt Park, 13566-590, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, 310, 13565-905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Colnago
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos David Ferreira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa Instrumentation, XV de Novembro Street, 1452, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Behar H, Samuels AL, Brumer H. Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens endo-glucanase 16 is involved in the cell wall development of young tissue. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13683. [PMID: 35396710 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants maintain large repertoires of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes)-comprising between 3% and 10% of their genomes-to synthesize, modify, and degrade the polysaccharide components of the cell wall. We recently identified a unique group of plant endo-glucanases from Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16, viz. EG16 orthologs, which constitute a sister clade to the well-known XYLOGLUCAN ENDO-TRANSGLYCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE (XTH) gene products. Biochemical analysis of EG16 orthologs from poplar (Populus trichocarpa), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), and spreading earthmoss (Physcomitrium patens) has demonstrated that these endo-glucanases are distinctly active on cell wall matrix glycans, mixed-linkage β(1,3);β(1,4)-glucan and xyloglucan (XyG), and that enzyme structure and specificity is highly conserved across diverse plant lineages. However, the physiological role of EG16 orthologs in any species is presently unknown. To shed light on EG16 function in vivo, here we performed reverse genetics and protein localization analyses of the single EG16 ortholog in the model moss P. patens, where this gene is highly expressed in young, expanding tissues, particularly in protonema. Surprisingly, deletion of the PpEG16 gene by homologous recombination led to an increase in growth, as well as accelerated senescence. Notably, the PpEG16 protein was shown to co-localize with XyG in the cell wall of protonema tissue, specifically at cell tips, despite lacking a secretion signal peptide. Although the precise biological role of EG16 orthologs remains elusive, our results implicate these highly conserved glycoside hydrolases in cell wall polysaccharide remodeling and recycling. We anticipate that these foundational results will inform future studies on EG16 function across plant lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Behar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu GS, Li HL, Grierson D, Fu DQ. NAC Transcription Factor Family Regulation of Fruit Ripening and Quality: A Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030525. [PMID: 35159333 PMCID: PMC8834055 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest plant-specific TF families and its members are involved in the regulation of many vital biological processes during plant growth and development. Recent studies have found that NAC TFs play important roles during the ripening of fleshy fruits and the development of quality attributes. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of the function of NAC TFs in different fruits and their involvement in the biosynthesis and signal transduction of plant hormones, fruit textural changes, color transformation, accumulation of flavor compounds, seed development and fruit senescence. We discuss the theoretical basis and potential regulatory models for NAC TFs action and provide a comprehensive view of their multiple roles in modulating different aspects of fruit ripening and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (G.-S.L.); (H.-L.L.)
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (G.-S.L.); (H.-L.L.)
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (G.-S.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vibrations and ultrasound in food processing – Sources of vibrations, adverse effects, and beneficial applications – An overview. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
16
|
Franková L, Fry SC. Hemicellulose-remodelling transglycanase activities from charophytes: towards the evolution of the land-plant cell wall. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:7-28. [PMID: 34547150 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transglycanases remodel cell-wall polymers, having a critical impact on many physiological processes. Unlike xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity, widely studied in land plants, very little is known about charophyte wall-modifying enzymes - information that would promote our understanding of the 'primordial' wall, revealing how the wall matrix is remodelled in the closest living algal relatives of land plants, and what changed during terrestrialisation. We conducted various in-vitro assays for wall-remodelling transglycosylases, monitoring either (a) polysaccharide-to-[3 H]oligosaccharide transglycosylation or (b) non-radioactive oligosaccharide-to-oligosaccharide transglycosylation. We screened a wide collection of enzyme extracts from charophytes (and early-diverging land plants for comparison) and discovered several homo- and hetero-transglycanase activities. In contrast to most land plants, charophytes possess high trans-β-1,4-mannanase activity, suggesting that land plants' algal ancestors prioritised mannan remodelling. Trans-β-1,4-xylanase activity was also found, most abundantly in Chara, Nitella and Klebsormidium. Exo-acting transglycosidase activities (trans-β-1,4-xylosidase and trans-β-1,4-mannosidase) were also detected. In addition, charophytes exhibited homo- and hetero-trans-β-glucanase activities (XET, mixed-linkage glucan [MLG]:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase and cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase) despite the paucity or lack of land-plant-like xyloglucan and MLG as potential donor substrates in their cell walls. However, trans-α-xylosidase activity (which remodels xyloglucan in angiosperms) was absent in charophytes and early-diverging land plants. Transglycanase action was also found in situ, acting on endogenous algal polysaccharides as donor substrates and fluorescent xyloglucan oligosaccharides as acceptor substrates. We conclude that trans-β-mannanase and trans-β-xylanase activities are present and thus may play key roles in charophyte walls (most of which possess little or no xyloglucan and MLG, but often contain abundant β-mannans and β-xylans), comparable to the roles of XET in xyloglucan-rich land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Franková
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Conservation of endo-glucanase 16 (EG16) activity across highly divergent plant lineages. Biochem J 2021; 478:3063-3078. [PMID: 34338284 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are highly dynamic structures that are composed predominately of polysaccharides. As such, endogenous carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) are central to the synthesis and subsequent modification of plant cells during morphogenesis. The endo-glucanase 16 (EG16) members constitute a distinct group of plant CAZymes, angiosperm orthologs of which were recently shown to have dual β-glucan/xyloglucan hydrolase activity. Molecular phylogeny indicates that EG16 members comprise a sister clade with a deep evolutionary relationship to the widely studied apoplastic xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases/hydrolases (XTH). A cross-genome survey indicated that EG16 members occur as a single ortholog across species and are widespread in early diverging plants, including the non-vascular bryophytes, for which functional data were previously lacking. Remarkably, enzymological characterization of an EG16 ortholog from the model moss Physcomitrella patens (PpEG16) revealed that EG16 activity and sequence/structure are highly conserved across 500 million years of plant evolution, vis-à-vis orthologs from grapevine and poplar. Ex vivo biomechanical assays demonstrated that the application of EG16 gene products caused abrupt breakage of etiolated hypocotyls rather than slow extension, thereby indicating a mode-of-action distinct from endogenous expansins and microbial endo-glucanases. The biochemical data presented here will inform future genomic, genetic, and physiological studies of EG16 enzymes.
Collapse
|
18
|
A tomato LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES transcription factor, SlLOB1, predominantly regulates cell wall and softening components of ripening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102486118. [PMID: 34380735 PMCID: PMC8379924 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102486118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A tomato fruit ripening–specific transcription factor, SlLOB1 predominantly influences fruit cell wall–related gene regulation and textural changes during fruit maturation and thus is distinct from broadly acting ripening transcription factors described to date that influence many ripening processes. As such, SlLOB1 is an intermediate regulator primarily influencing a physiological subdomain of the overall ripening transition. Fruit softening is a key component of the irreversible ripening program, contributing to the palatability necessary for frugivore-mediated seed dispersal. The underlying textural changes are complex and result from cell wall remodeling and changes in both cell adhesion and turgor. While a number of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate ripening have been identified, these affect most canonical ripening-related physiological processes. Here, we show that a tomato fruit ripening–specific LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDRIES (LOB) TF, SlLOB1, up-regulates a suite of cell wall–associated genes during late maturation and ripening of locule and pericarp tissues. SlLOB1 repression in transgenic fruit impedes softening, while overexpression throughout the plant under the direction of the 35s promoter confers precocious induction of cell wall gene expression and premature softening. Transcript and protein levels of the wall-loosening protein EXPANSIN1 (EXP1) are strongly suppressed in SlLOB1 RNA interference lines, while EXP1 is induced in SlLOB1-overexpressing transgenic leaves and fruit. In contrast to the role of ethylene and previously characterized ripening TFs, which are comprehensive facilitators of ripening phenomena including softening, SlLOB1 participates in a regulatory subcircuit predominant to cell wall dynamics and softening.
Collapse
|
19
|
Captive Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) Are Colonized throughout Their Lives by a Community of Bifidobacterium Species with Species-Specific Genomic Content That Can Support Adaptation to Distinct Metabolic Niches. mBio 2021; 12:e0115321. [PMID: 34340536 PMCID: PMC8406136 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01153-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an omnivorous New World primate whose diet in the wild includes large amounts of fruit, seeds, flowers, and a variety of lizards and invertebrates. Marmosets also feed heavily on tree gums and exudates, and they have evolved unique morphological and anatomical characteristics to facilitate gum feeding (gummivory). In this study, we characterized the fecal microbiomes of adult and infant animals from a captive population of common marmosets at the Callitrichid Research Center at the University of Nebraska at Omaha under their normal dietary and environmental conditions. The microbiomes of adult animals were dominated by species of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, Megamonas, and Megasphaera. Culturing and genomic analysis of the Bifidobacterium populations from adult animals identified four known marmoset-associated species (B. reuteri, B. aesculapii, B. myosotis, and B. hapali) and three unclassified taxa of Bifidobacterium that are phylogenetically distinct. Species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed that these same species of Bifidobacterium are abundant members of the microbiome throughout the lives of the animals. Genomic loci in each Bifidobacterium species encode enzymes to support growth and major marmoset milk oligosaccharides during breastfeeding; however, metabolic islands that can support growth on complex polysaccharide substrates in the diets of captive adults (pectin, xyloglucan, and xylan), including loci in B. aesculapii that can support its unique ability to grow on arabinogalactan-rich tree gums, were species-specific.
Collapse
|
20
|
Khodayari A, Thielemans W, Hirn U, Van Vuure AW, Seveno D. Cellulose-hemicellulose interactions - A nanoscale view. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118364. [PMID: 34364609 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study interactions of five different hemicellulose models, i.e. Galactoglucomannan, O-Acetyl-Galactoglucomannan, Fuco-Galacto-Xyloglucan, 4-O-Methylglucuronoxylan, and 4-O-Methylglucuronoarabinoxylan, and their respective binding strength to cellulose nanocrystals by molecular dynamics simulations. Glucuronoarabinoxylan showed the highest free energy of binding, whereas Xyloglucan had the lowest interaction energies amongst the five models. We further performed simulated shear tests and concluded that failure mostly happens at the inter-molecular interaction level within the hemicellulose fraction, rather than at the interface with cellulose. The presence of water molecules seems to have a weakening effect on the interactions of hemicellulose and cellulose, taking up the available hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulose for hydrogen bonding. We believe that these studies can shed light on better understanding of plant cell walls, as well as providing evidence on variability of the structures of different plant sources for extractions, purification, and operation of biorefineries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodayari
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, TU Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effect of Exogenous Auxin Treatment on Cell Wall Polymers of Strawberry Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126294. [PMID: 34208198 PMCID: PMC8230797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of auxin in the fruit-ripening process during the early developmental stages of commercial strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa) has been previously described, with auxin production occurring in achenes and moving to the receptacle. Additionally, fruit softening is a consequence of the depolymerization and solubilization of cell wall components produced by the action of a group of proteins and enzymes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exogenous auxin treatment on the physiological properties of the cell wall-associated polysaccharide contents of strawberry fruits. We combined thermogravimetric (TG) analysis with analyses of the mRNA abundance, enzymatic activity, and physiological characteristics related to the cell wall. The samples did not show a change in fruit firmness at 48 h post-treatment; by contrast, we showed changes in the cell wall stability based on TG and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis curves. Less degradation of the cell wall polymers was observed after auxin treatment at 48 h post-treatment. The results of our study indicate that auxin treatment delays the cell wall disassembly process in strawberries.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee HE, Manivannan A, Lee SY, Han K, Yeum JG, Jo J, Kim J, Rho IR, Lee YR, Lee ES, Kang BC, Kim DS. Chromosome Level Assembly of Homozygous Inbred Line 'Wongyo 3115' Facilitates the Construction of a High-Density Linkage Map and Identification of QTLs Associated With Fruit Firmness in Octoploid Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:696229. [PMID: 34335662 PMCID: PMC8317996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.696229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry is an allo-octoploid crop with high genome heterozygosity and complexity, which hinders the sequencing and the assembly of the genome. However, in the present study, we have generated a chromosome level assembly of octoploid strawberry sourced from a highly homozygous inbred line 'Wongyo 3115', using long- and short-read sequencing technologies. The assembly of 'Wongyo 3115' produced 805.6 Mb of the genome with 323 contigs scaffolded into 208 scaffolds with an N50 of 27.3 Mb after further gap filling. The whole genome annotation resulted in 151,892 genes with a gene density of 188.52 (genes/Mb) and validation of a genome, using BUSCO analysis resulted in 94.10% complete BUSCOs. Firmness is one of the vital traits in strawberry, which facilitate the postharvest shelf-life qualities. The molecular and genetic mechanisms that contribute the firmness in strawberry remain unclear. We have constructed a high-density genetic map based on the 'Wongyo 3115' reference genome to identify loci associated with firmness in the present study. For the quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification, the 'BS F2' populations developed from two inbred lines were genotyped, using an Axiom 35K strawberry chip, and marker positions were analyzed based on the 'Wongyo 3115' genome. Genetic maps were constructed with 1,049 bin markers, spanning the 3,861 cM. Using firmness data of 'BS F2' obtained from 2 consecutive years, five QTLs were identified on chromosomes 3-3, 5-1, 6-1, and 6-4. Furthermore, we predicted the candidate genes associated with firmness in strawberries by utilizing transcriptome data and QTL information. Overall, we present the chromosome-level assembly and annotation of a homozygous octoploid strawberry inbred line and a linkage map constructed to identify QTLs associated with fruit firmness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Abinaya Manivannan
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun Yi Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Koeun Han
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jun-Geol Yeum
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinkwan Jo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Il Rae Rho
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ye-Rin Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Eun Su Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byoung-Cheorl Kang
| | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
- Do-Sun Kim
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stratilová B, Kozmon S, Stratilová E, Hrmova M. Plant Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferases and the Cell Wall Structure: Subtle but Significant. Molecules 2020; 25:E5619. [PMID: 33260399 PMCID: PMC7729885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases or xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET; EC 2.4.1.207) catalogued in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 constitute cell wall-modifying enzymes that play a fundamental role in the cell wall expansion and re-modelling. Over the past thirty years, it has been established that XET enzymes catalyse homo-transglycosylation reactions with xyloglucan (XG)-derived substrates and hetero-transglycosylation reactions with neutral and charged donor and acceptor substrates other than XG-derived. This broad specificity in XET isoforms is credited to a high degree of structural and catalytic plasticity that has evolved ubiquitously in algal, moss, fern, basic Angiosperm, monocot, and eudicot enzymes. These XET isoforms constitute gene families that are differentially expressed in tissues in time- and space-dependent manners during plant growth and development, and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge of broad specific plant XET enzymes and how their inherently carbohydrate-based transglycosylation reactions tightly link with structural diversity that underlies the complexity of plant cell walls and their mechanics. Based on this knowledge, we conclude that multi- or poly-specific XET enzymes are widespread in plants to allow for modifications of the cell wall structure in muro, a feature that implements the multifaceted roles in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Stratilová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.K.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Kozmon
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Stratilová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (S.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Changes in cell wall neutral sugar composition related to pectinolytic enzyme activities and intra-flesh textural property during ripening of ten apricot clones. Food Chem 2020; 339:128096. [PMID: 32979713 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The changes of texture and cell wall characteristics of apricot were investigated in ten clones at two maturity stages. Fruit firmness, cell wall composition and enzyme activity of three apricot flesh zones were analysed. The AIS (alcohol-insoluble solids) were characterised by high amounts of uronic acid (179-300 mg g-1 AIS) and relatively high amounts of cellulosic glucose (118-214 mg g-1 AIS). The methylesterification degree varied significantly among the different clones ranging from 58 to 97 in Ab 5 and Mans 15 respectively. Conversely to zones firmness, enzymatic activity was higher in pistil followed by equatorial and peduncle zones. The ripening effect has been observed in firmness evolution according to enzymatic activity. This correlation allowed a classification of clones depending on softening. Among studied clones, Ab 5, Marouch 16, Mans 15 and Cg 2 were less influenced by softening and have the advantage of a technological valorisation for the processing industry.
Collapse
|
25
|
Parra R, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Spatio-temporal immunolocalization of extensin protein and hemicellulose polysaccharides during olive fruit abscission. PLANTA 2020; 252:32. [PMID: 32757074 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical and molecular analyses reveal that the disassembly of the cell wall may be mediated by changes in the level and subcellular location of extensin protein and hemicelluloses during olive-fruit abscission. Although cell-wall modification is believed to underlie the changes in organ abscission, information concerning the changes in cell-wall proteins and hemicellulose polysaccharides is still limited. The aim of this work was to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of the distribution of different extensin proteins and hemicelluloses in the abscission zone (AZ) during natural ripe-fruit abscission in olive (Olea europaea L.). In this study, we employed immunogold labeling in the ripe-fruit AZ during olive AZ cell separation, using an expanded set of monoclonal antibodies that recognize different types of hemicelluloses (LM11, LM15, and LM21), callose (anti-(1,3)-β-D-glucan) and extensin (JIM19) epitopes, and transmission electron microscopy imaging. Our data demonstrate that AZ cell separation was accompanied by a loss of the JIM19 extensin epitopes and a reduction in the detection of the LM15 xyloglucan epitopes in AZ cell walls, whereas AZ cells were found to be enriched with respect to the xylan and callose levels of the cell wall during olive ripe-fruit abscission. By contrast, AZ cell-wall polysaccharide remodeling did not involve mannans. Moreover, in ripe-fruit AZ, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that OeEXT1, OeEXT2, OeXTH9, and OeXTH13 genes were downregulated during abscission, whereas the expression of OeXTH1, OeXTH5, and OeXTH14 genes increased during abscission. Taken together, the results indicate that AZ cell-wall dynamics during olive ripe-fruit abscission involves extensin protein and hemicellulose modifications, as well as related expressed genes. This is the first study available demonstrating temporal degradation of extensin protein and hemicelluloses in the AZ at the subcellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Parra
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Howlader J, Robin AHK, Natarajan S, Biswas MK, Sumi KR, Song CY, Park JI, Nou IS. Transcriptome Analysis by RNA-Seq Reveals Genes Related to Plant Height in Two Sets of Parent-hybrid Combinations in Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum). Sci Rep 2020; 10:9082. [PMID: 32494055 PMCID: PMC7270119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two different hybrids of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum), obtained from two cross combinations, along with their four parents were sequenced by high–throughput RNA–sequencing (RNA–Seq) to find out differentially expressed gene in parent-hybrid combinations. The leaf mRNA profiles of two hybrids and their four parents were RNA–sequenced with a view to identify the potential candidate genes related to plant height heterosis. In both cross combinations, based to morphological traits mid–parent heterosis (MPH) was higher than high–parent heterosis (HPH) for plant height, leaf length, and number of flowers whereas HPH was higher than MPH for flowering time. A total of 4,327 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through RNA–Seq between the hybrids and their parents based on fold changes (FC) ≥ 2 for up– and ≤ –2 for down–regulation. Venn diagram analysis revealed that there were 703 common DEGs in two hybrid combinations, those were either up– or down–regulated. Most of the commonly expressed DEGs exhibited higher non–additive effects especially overdominance (75.9%) rather than additive (19.4%) and dominance (4.76%) effects. Among the 384 functionally annotated DEGs identified through Blast2GO tool, 12 DEGs were up–regulated and 16 of them were down–regulated in a similar fashion in both hybrids as revealed by heat map analysis. These 28 universally expressed DEGs were found to encode different types of proteins and enzymes those might regulate heterosis by modulating growth, development and stress–related functions in lily. In addition, gene ontology (GO) analysis of 260 annotated DEGs revealed that biological process might play dominant role in heterotic expression. In this first report of transcriptome sequencing in Easter lily, the notable universally up-regulated DEGs annotated ABC transporter A family member–like, B3 domain–containing, disease resistance RPP13/1, auxin–responsive SAUR68–like, and vicilin–like antimicrobial peptides 2–2 proteins those were perhaps associated with plant height heterosis. The genes expressed universally due to their overdominace function perhaps influenced MPH for greater plant height― largely by modulating biological processes involved therein. The genes identified in this study might be exploited in heterosis breeding for plant height of L. longiflorum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Howlader
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.,Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.,Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sathishkumar Natarajan
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Manosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanij Rukshana Sumi
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea.,Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Cheon Young Song
- Department of Floriculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1515, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morales-Quintana L, Beltrán D, Mendez-Yañez Á, Valenzuela-Riffo F, Herrera R, Moya-León MA. Characterization of FcXTH2, a Novel Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase/Hydrolase Enzyme of Chilean Strawberry with Hydrolase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3380. [PMID: 32403246 PMCID: PMC7247008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are cell wall enzymes with hydrolase (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylase (XET) activities. As they are involved in the modification of the xyloglucans, a type of hemicellulose present in the cell wall, they are believed to be very important in different processes, including growth, development, and fruit ripening. Previous studies suggest that XTHs might play a key role in development and ripening of Fragaria chiloensis fruit, and its characterization is pending. Therefore, in order to provide a biochemical characterization of the FcXTH2 enzyme to explain its possible role in strawberry development, the molecular cloning and the heterologous expression of FcXTH2 were performed. The recombinant FcXTH2 was active and displayed mainly XEH activity. The optimal pH and temperature are 5.5 and 37 °C, respectively. A KM value of 0.029 mg mL-1 was determined. Additionally, its protein structural model was built through comparative modeling methodology. The model showed a typically β-jelly-roll type folding in which the catalytic motif was oriented towards the FcXTH2 central cavity. Using molecular docking, protein-ligand interactions were explored, finding better interaction with xyloglucan than with cellulose. The data provided groundwork for understanding, at a molecular level, the enzymatic mechanism of FcXTH2, an important enzyme acting during the development of the Chilean strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Morales-Quintana
- Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Dina Beltrán
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile; (D.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Ángela Mendez-Yañez
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile; (D.B.); (R.H.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Ingeniería Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile;
| | - Felipe Valenzuela-Riffo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Ingeniería Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile;
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile; (D.B.); (R.H.)
| | - María Alejandra Moya-León
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile; (D.B.); (R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo P, Chang H, Li Q, Wang L, Ren Z, Ren H, Chen C. Transcriptome profiling reveals genes involved in spine development during CsTTG1-regulated pathway in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110354. [PMID: 31928680 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a type of fleshy fruit, is covered with spines (multicellular trichomes), which have a crucial impact on the economic value of the crop. Previous studies have found that CsTTG1 plays important roles in the initiation and further differentiation of cucumber spines, but how spine formation is regulated at the molecular level by CsTTG1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a cucumber 35S:CsTTG1 transgenic T2 line, OE-2, which bears relatively large and long spines compared with the small and short spines of the wild type (WT). Phenotypic measurements and histological analyses revealed that this phenotypic change was attributed to significant increases in cell number and size. Comparison of ovary epidermis transcriptomes between OE-2 and WT by DGE (Digital Gene Expression) analysis identified 1241 differentially expressed genes, among which 712 genes were dramatically upregulated and 529 downregulated in the ovary epidermis of OE-2. XTH23 and Cyclin family genes were significantly activated in OE-2, and transcription factors (TFs) were found to participate in spine size regulation in OE-2. Further analyses confirmed that GA was implicated in the regulation of fruit spine development in cucumber. Thus, our study provides a foundation for dissecting the molecular regulatory networks of fruit spine control in cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Hualin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kishani S, Vilaplana F, Ruda M, Hansson P, Wågberg L. Influence of Solubility on the Adsorption of Different Xyloglucan Fractions at Cellulose–Water Interfaces. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:772-782. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saina Kishani
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ruda
- Ren Com AB, Drottning Kristinas väg 61, SE-11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li P, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhang X, Pan X, Xu F. Subcellular dissolution of xylan and lignin for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of microwave assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreated Pinus bungeana Zucc. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121475. [PMID: 31132596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis during microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent (Mw-DES) pretreatment in deconstruction of plant cell wall was proposed by combining wet chemical analysis and microscopic measurements. Mw-DES pretreatment achieved significantly higher enzymatic conversion of 81.90% with lower lignin and comparable xylan removal (42.81% and 74.73%, respectively). While DES pretreated sample with higher lignin and xylan removal (66.59% and 74.93%, respectively) obtained limited sugar yield (45.67%). There were no significant differences with respect to chemical structures of lignin fraction between DES and Mw-DES pretreatment but primary discrepancies of topochemical and morphological changes were observed. Non- or low-substituted xylan was directly removed from secondary walls (SW) exposed more cellulose for enzyme attacking after Mw-DES pretreatment. Meanwhile, high-substituted xylan and lignin were synergistically dissolved from cell corner middle lamella (CCML). These topochemical changes of components resulted in cracked and porous cell wall structure, thus facilitating the accessibility of cellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wood Modification by Furfuryl Alcohol Resulted in a Delayed Decomposition Response in Rhodonia ( Postia) placenta. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00338-19. [PMID: 31076422 PMCID: PMC6606883 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00338-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are important decomposers of woody biomass in natural habitats. Investigation of the mechanisms employed by decay fungi in their attempt to degrade wood is important for both the basic scientific understanding of ecology and carbon cycling in nature and for applied uses of woody materials. For wooden building materials, long service life and carbon storage are essential, but decay fungi are responsible for massive losses of wood in service. Thus, the optimization of durable wood products for the future is of major importance. In this study, we have investigated the fungal genetic response to furfurylated wood, a commercial environmentally benign wood modification approach that improves the service life of wood in outdoor applications. Our results show that there is a delayed wood decay by the fungus as a response to furfurylated wood, and new knowledge about the mechanisms behind the delay is provided. The aim of this study was to investigate differential expression profiles of the brown rot fungus Rhodonia placenta (previously Postia placenta) harvested at several time points when grown on radiata pine (Pinus radiata) and radiata pine with three different levels of modification by furfuryl alcohol, an environmentally benign commercial wood protection system. The entire gene expression pattern of a decay fungus was followed in untreated and modified wood from initial to advanced stages of decay. The results support the current model of a two-step decay mechanism, with the expression of genes related to initial oxidative depolymerization, followed by an accumulation of transcripts of genes related to the hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides. When the wood decay process is finished, the fungus goes into starvation mode after five weeks when grown on unmodified radiata pine wood. The pattern of repression of oxidative processes and oxalic acid synthesis found in radiata pine at later stages of decay is not mirrored for the high-furfurylation treatment. The high treatment level provided a more unpredictable expression pattern throughout the incubation period. Furfurylation does not seem to directly influence the expression of core plant cell wall-hydrolyzing enzymes, as a delayed and prolonged, but similar, pattern was observed in the radiata pine and the modified experiments. This indicates that the fungus starts a common decay process in the modified wood but proceeds at a slower pace as access to the plant cell wall polysaccharides is restricted. This is further supported by the downregulation of hydrolytic enzymes for the high treatment level at the last harvest point (mass loss, 14%). Moreover, the mass loss does not increase during the last weeks. Collectively, this indicates a potential threshold for lower mass loss for the high-furfurylation treatment. IMPORTANCE Fungi are important decomposers of woody biomass in natural habitats. Investigation of the mechanisms employed by decay fungi in their attempt to degrade wood is important for both the basic scientific understanding of ecology and carbon cycling in nature and for applied uses of woody materials. For wooden building materials, long service life and carbon storage are essential, but decay fungi are responsible for massive losses of wood in service. Thus, the optimization of durable wood products for the future is of major importance. In this study, we have investigated the fungal genetic response to furfurylated wood, a commercial environmentally benign wood modification approach that improves the service life of wood in outdoor applications. Our results show that there is a delayed wood decay by the fungus as a response to furfurylated wood, and new knowledge about the mechanisms behind the delay is provided.
Collapse
|
32
|
Rongkaumpan G, Amsbury S, Andablo-Reyes E, Linford H, Connell S, Knox JP, Sarkar A, Benitez-Alfonso Y, Orfila C. Cell Wall Polymer Composition and Spatial Distribution in Ripe Banana and Mango Fruit: Implications for Cell Adhesion and Texture Perception. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:858. [PMID: 31338100 PMCID: PMC6629905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) and mango (Mangifera indica) are two of the most popular fruits eaten worldwide. They both soften during ripening but their textural attributes are markedly different. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underpinning textural differences between banana and mango. We used a novel combination of methods at different scales to analyse the surface properties of fruit cells and the potential contribution of cells and cell wall components to oral processing and texture perception. The results indicated that cell separation occurred easily in both organs under mild mechanical stress. Banana cells showed distinctively elongated shapes with distinct distribution of pectin and hemicellulose epitopes at the cell surface. In contrast, mango had relatively spherical cells that ruptured during cell separation. Atomic force microscopy detected soft surfaces indicative of middle lamella remnants on banana cells, while mango cells had cleaner, smoother surfaces, suggesting absence of middle lamellae and more advanced cell wall disassembly. Comparison of solubilized polymers by cell wall glycome analysis showed abundance of mannan and feruylated xylan in separation exudate from banana but not mango, but comparable levels of pectin and arabinogalactan proteins. Bulk rheology experiments showed that both fruits had similar apparent viscosity and hence might be extrapolated to have similar "oral thickness" perception. On the other hand, oral tribology experiments showed significant differences in their frictional behavior at orally relevant speeds. The instrumental lubrication behavior can be interpreted as "smooth" mouthfeel for mango as compared to "astringent" or "dry" for banana in the later stages of oral processing. The results suggest that cell wall surface properties contribute to lubricating behavior associated with textural perception in the oral phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganittha Rongkaumpan
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Amsbury
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Efren Andablo-Reyes
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Linford
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Connell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Orfila
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kafkaletou M, Fasseas C, Tsantili E. Increased firmness and modified cell wall composition by ethylene were reversed by the ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in the non-climacteric olives harvested at dark green stage - Possible implementation of ethylene for olive quality. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 238:63-71. [PMID: 31146183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the firmness retention by ethylene treatment in olive fruit, as observed earlier. Ethylene concentrations up to 1000 μL L-1 were applied to dark green 'Konservolia' olives harvested shortly before the green maturation and exposed to 20 °C for up to 9 d. Surprisingly, the results indicated a tendency to fruit firmness increases in concentration-dependent manner in a non-climacteric fruit. The highest concentration increased the firmness within 12 h by approximately 1.35-fold, but transiently for approximately up to 5 d; all ethylene inhibitors tested, either of synthesis (ethoxyvinyl glycine or AVG), or perception (1 -methyl-cyclopropene or 1-MCP, and silver nitrate) prevented the firmness increase. Texture was evaluated by firmness and changes in lignin, cellulose (CL), total pectins (TPC), water soluble pectins (WSP) and total non-cellulosic sugars (total sugars) concentrations, and in pectin esterification degree (DE) in the alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) of 'Konservolia' fruit pericarp during 1.5-d, 5-d and 10-d treatments with 1000 μL L-1 ethylene at 20 °C. Pectins in AIR were also extracted sequentially with cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diaminetetra-acetate (CDTA), Na2CO3, 1 M and 4 M KOH. The results showed that on day 1.5, the increased firmness was consistent with increased CL (crystalline formation, as observed by microscopy), total sugars and DE levels, but reduced WSP, whereas softening reversed the changes and lowered TPC and CDTA-soluble pectins in all fruit on day 10. However, on day 5 ethylene-treated olives exhibited a transitional phase during softening, characterized by retention of high TPC concentration and energy demand, as indicated by elevated respiration rates. The inhibitor 1-MCP, applied before ethylene, did inhibit the responses to ethylene treatment. Ethylene firming effect and the respective cell wall changes in olives are demonstrated for first time. The experiments could be used for research on perception and transcription responses to ethylene in olive, a non-climacteric fruit. In practice, high ethylene concentrations could also be beneficial for firmness increase and/or short storage of dark green olives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kafkaletou
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Botanikos, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| | - Costas Fasseas
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Botanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Tsantili
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Botanikos, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Molecular Insights into FaEG1, a Strawberry Endoglucanase Enzyme Expressed during Strawberry Fruit Ripening. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060140. [PMID: 31141938 PMCID: PMC6631567 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The endo-β-1,4-glucanases (EGs) that belong to the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GH9) have roles in cell wall synthesis, remodeling and degradation. Previous studies have suggested that EGs may play a key role in the ripening of different fruits including strawberries. In this study, we used reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays to determine the transcript accumulation of an endo-β-1,4-glucanase (FaEG1) during fruit development in two different strawberry ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Monterey’ with contrasting softening ratios. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that FaEG1 belongs to the α group of the GH9 family with other proteins previously described with roles in elongation, abscission and ripening. Comparative modeling was used to obtain the FaEG1 structure. The model displays a α-barrel–type structure that is typical of the GH9 enzyme family, and comprises 12 α-helices, 2 310 helices and 6 β-sheets. The catalytic residues were oriented to the solvent in the middle of an open groove. Protein–ligand interactions were explored with cellulose and two xyloglucans as ligands; the results suggest that the FaEG1-cellulose and FaEG1-XXXGXXXG (the most abundant xyloglucan in strawberries) complexes were more stable complexes than XXFGXXFG. The cell wall degradation was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data are congruent with the probable role of the FaEG1 protein in the dissembly of the cellulose-hemicellulose fraction during the ripening of strawberry fruit.
Collapse
|
35
|
Moya-León MA, Mattus-Araya E, Herrera R. Molecular Events Occurring During Softening of Strawberry Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:615. [PMID: 31156678 PMCID: PMC6529986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in fruit texture taking place during ripening, described as softening, are mainly due to alterations in structure and/or composition of the cell wall. Several non-covalent interactions between the three carbohydrate polymers of the cell wall, cellulose, pectins and hemicellulose, and many structural proteins and ions, enable a complex structure. During softening, the disassembly of the cell wall structure takes place, mediated by a complete set of cell wall degrading enzymes or proteins. Softening is a coordinated event that requires the orchestrated participation of a wide variety of proteins. Plant hormones and a set of transcription factors are the organizers of this multi-protein effort. Strawberry is a non climacteric fruit that softens intensively during the last stages of development. The Chilean strawberry fruit (Fragaria chiloensis), the maternal relative of the commercial strawberry (F. × ananassa), softens even faster than commercial strawberry. Softening of the Chilean strawberry fruit has been studied at different levels: changes in cell wall polymers, activity of cell wall degrading enzymes and transcriptional changes of their genes, providing a general view of the complex process. The search for the 'orchestra director' that could coordinate softening events in strawberry fruit has been focussed on hormones like ABA and auxins, and more precisely the relation ABA/AUX. These hormones regulate the expression of many cell wall degrading enzyme genes, and this massive transcriptional change that takes place involves the participation of key transcriptional factors (TF). This review provides an update of the present knowledge regarding the softening of strawberry fruit. Nevertheless, the entire softening process is still under active research especially for the great influence of texture on fruit quality and its high impact on fruit shelf life, and therefore it is expected that new and promising information will illuminate the field in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raul Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stratilová B, Firáková Z, Klaudiny J, Šesták S, Kozmon S, Strouhalová D, Garajová S, Ait-Mohand F, Horváthová Á, Farkaš V, Stratilová E, Hrmova M. Engineering the acceptor substrate specificity in the xyloglucan endotransglycosylase TmXET6.3 from nasturtium seeds (Tropaeolum majus L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:181-197. [PMID: 30868545 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of substrate specificity of XET enzymes is important for the general understanding of metabolic pathways to challenge the established notion that these enzymes operate uniquely on cellulose-xyloglucan networks. Xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases (XETs) (EC 2.4.1.207) play a central role in loosening and re-arranging the cellulose-xyloglucan network, which is assumed to be the primary load-bearing structural component of plant cell walls. The sequence of mature TmXET6.3 from Tropaeolum majus (280 residues) was deduced by the nucleotide sequence analysis of complete cDNA by Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, based on tryptic and chymotryptic peptide sequences. Partly purified TmXET6.3, expressed in Pichia occurred in N-glycosylated and unglycosylated forms. The quantification of hetero-transglycosylation activities of TmXET6.3 revealed that (1,3;1,4)-, (1,6)- and (1,4)-β-D-glucooligosaccharides were the preferred acceptor substrates, while (1,4)-β-D-xylooligosaccharides, and arabinoxylo- and glucomanno-oligosaccharides were less preferred. The 3D model of TmXET6.3, and bioinformatics analyses of identified and putative plant xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs)/hydrolases (XEHs) of the GH16 family revealed that H94, A104, Q108, K234 and K237 were the key residues that underpinned the acceptor substrate specificity of TmXET6.3. Compared to the wild-type enzyme, the single Q108R and K237T, and double-K234T/K237T and triple-H94Q/A104D/Q108R variants exhibited enhanced hetero-transglycosylation activities with xyloglucan and (1,4)-β-D-glucooligosaccharides, while those with (1,3;1,4)- and (1,6)-β-D-glucooligosaccharides were suppressed; the incorporation of xyloglucan to (1,4)-β-D-glucooligosaccharides by the H94Q variant was influenced most extensively. Structural and biochemical data of non-specific TmXET6.3 presented here extend the classic XET reaction mechanism by which these enzymes operate in plant cell walls. The evaluations of TmXET6.3 transglycosylation activities and the incidence of investigated residues in other members of the GH16 family suggest that a broad acceptor substrate specificity in plant XET enzymes could be more widespread than previously anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Stratilová
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Firáková
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Klaudiny
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Kozmon
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Strouhalová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Veveří, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Garajová
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fairouz Ait-Mohand
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ágnes Horváthová
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Farkaš
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Stratilová
- Centre for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li L, Zhao W, Feng X, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhao L. Changes in Fruit Firmness, Cell Wall Composition, and Transcriptional Profile in the yellow fruit tomato 1 ( yft1) Mutant. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:463-472. [PMID: 30545217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit firmness is an important trait in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum), associated with shelf life and economic value; however, the precise mechanism determining fruit softening remains elusive. A yellow fruit tomato 1 ( yft1) mutant harbors a genetic lesion in the YFT1 gene and has significantly firmer fruit than those of the cv. M82 wild type at a red ripe stage, 54 days post-anthesis (dpa). When softening was further dissected, it was found that the yft1 firm fruit phenotype correlated with a difference in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin deposition in the primary cell wall (PCW) compared to cv. M82. Alterations in the structure of the pericarp cells, chemical components, hydrolase activities, and expression of genes encoding these hydrolases were all hypothesized to be a result of the loss of YFT1 function. This was further affirmed by RNA-seq analysis, where a total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 50/133 down-/upregulated) were identified between yft1 and cv. M82. These DEGs were mainly annotated as participating in ethylene- and auxin-related signal transduction, sugar metabolism, and photosynthesis. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying the control of fruit softening.
Collapse
|
38
|
Nanocellulose Composite Biomaterials in Industry and Medicine. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
39
|
Minas IS, Tanou G, Krokida A, Karagiannis E, Belghazi M, Vasilakakis M, Papadopoulou KK, Molassiotis A. Ozone-induced inhibition of kiwifruit ripening is amplified by 1-methylcyclopropene and reversed by exogenous ethylene. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:358. [PMID: 30558543 PMCID: PMC6296049 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanisms involved in climacteric fruit ripening is key to improve fruit harvest quality and postharvest performance. Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward') ripening involves a series of metabolic changes regulated by ethylene. Although 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, inhibitor of ethylene action) or ozone (O3) exposure suppresses ethylene-related kiwifruit ripening, how these molecules interact during ripening is unknown. RESULTS Harvested 'Hayward' kiwifruits were treated with 1-MCP and exposed to ethylene-free cold storage (0 °C, RH 95%) with ambient atmosphere (control) or atmosphere enriched with O3 (0.3 μL L- 1) for up to 6 months. Their subsequent ripening performance at 20 °C (90% RH) was characterized. Treatment with either 1-MCP or O3 inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis and delayed fruit ripening at 20 °C. 1-MCP and O3 in combination severely inhibited kiwifruit ripening, significantly extending fruit storage potential. To characterize ethylene sensitivity of kiwifruit following 1-MCP and O3 treatments, fruit were exposed to exogenous ethylene (100 μL L- 1, 24 h) upon transfer to 20 °C following 4 and 6 months of cold storage. Exogenous ethylene treatment restored ethylene biosynthesis in fruit previously exposed in an O3-enriched atmosphere. Comparative proteomics analysis showed separate kiwifruit ripening responses, unraveled common 1-MCP- and O3-dependent metabolic pathways and identified specific proteins associated with these different ripening behaviors. Protein components that were differentially expressed following exogenous ethylene exposure after 1-MCP or O3 treatment were identified and their protein-protein interaction networks were determined. The expression of several kiwifruit ripening related genes, such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO1), ethylene receptor (ETR1), lipoxygenase (LOX1), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGP1), and expansin (EXP2), was strongly affected by O3, 1-MCP, their combination, and exogenously applied ethylene. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the combination of 1-MCP and O3 functions as a robust repressive modulator of kiwifruit ripening and provide new insight into the metabolic events underlying ethylene-induced and ethylene-independent ripening outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S. Minas
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, 301 University Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi Krokida
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maya Belghazi
- UMR 7286 - CRN2M, Centre d’ Analyses Protéomiques de Marseille (CAPM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Miltiadis Vasilakakis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliope K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Molecular and Genetic Bases of Fruit Firmness Variation in Blueberry—A Review. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8090174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) has been recognized worldwide as a valuable source of health-promoting compounds, becoming a crop with some of the fastest rising consumer demand trends. Fruit firmness is a key target for blueberry breeding as it directly affects fruit quality, consumer preference, transportability, shelf life, and the ability of cultivars to be machine harvested. Fruit softening naturally occurs during berry development, maturation, and postharvest ripening. However, some genotypes are better at retaining firmness than others, and some are crispy, which is a putatively extra-firmness phenotype that provides a distinct eating experience. In this review, we summarized important studies addressing the firmness trait in blueberry, focusing on physiological and molecular changes affecting this trait at the onset of ripening and also the genetic basis of firmness variation across individuals. New insights into these topics were also achieved by using previously available data and historical records from the blueberry breeding program at the University of Florida. The complex quantitative nature of firmness in an autopolyploid species such as blueberry imposes additional challenges for the implementation of molecular techniques in breeding. However, we highlighted some recent genomics-based studies and the potential of a QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) mapping analysis and genome editing protocols such as CRISPR/Cas9 to further assist and accelerate the breeding process for this important trait.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu L, Li Q, Zhu Y, Afzal MS, Li L. An auxin-induced β-type endo-1,4-β-glucanase in poplar is involved in cell expansion and lateral root formation. PLANTA 2018; 247:1149-1161. [PMID: 29387930 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PtrGH9A7, a poplar β-type endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene induced by auxin, promotes both plant growth and lateral root development by enhancing cell expansion. Endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EGase) family genes function in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Our previous study found that PtrCel9A6, a poplar EGase gene of the β subfamily, is specifically expressed in xylem tissue and is involved in the cellulose biosynthesis required for secondary cell wall formation (Yu et al. in Mol Plant 6:1904-1917, 2013). To further explore the functions and regulatory mechanism of β-subfamily EGases, we cloned and characterized another poplar β-type EGase gene PtrGH9A7, a close homolog of PtrCel9A6. In contrast to PtrCel9A6, PtrGH9A7 is predominantly expressed in parenchyma tissues of the above-ground part; in roots, PtrGH9A7 expression is specifically restricted to lateral root primordia at all stages from initiation to emergence and is strongly induced by auxin application. Heterologous overexpression of PtrGH9A7 promotes plant growth by enhancing cell expansion, suggesting a conserved role for β-type EGases in 1,4-β-glucan chains remodeling, which is required for cell wall loosening. Moreover, the overexpression of PtrGH9A7 significantly increases lateral root number, which might result from improved lateral root primordium development due to enhanced cell expansion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this β-type EGase induced by auxin signaling has a novel role in promoting lateral root formation as well as in enhancing plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Qiong Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Muhammad Saddique Afzal
- Shanghai Key Lab of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gao Y, Wei W, Zhao X, Tan X, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Jing Y, Meng L, Zhu B, Zhu H, Chen J, Jiang CZ, Grierson D, Luo Y, Fu DQ. A NAC transcription factor, NOR-like1, is a new positive regulator of tomato fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:75. [PMID: 30588320 PMCID: PMC6303401 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ripening of the model fruit tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is controlled by a transcription factor network including NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) domain proteins such as No-ripening (NOR), SlNAC1, and SlNAC4, but very little is known about the NAC targets or how they regulate ripening. Here, we conducted a systematic search of fruit-expressed NAC genes and showed that silencing NOR-like1 (Solyc07g063420) using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited specific aspects of ripening. Ripening initiation was delayed by 14 days when NOR-like1 function was inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 and fruits showed obviously reduced ethylene production, retarded softening and chlorophyll loss, and reduced lycopene accumulation. RNA-sequencing profiling and gene promoter analysis suggested that genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACS2, SlACS4), color formation (SlGgpps2, SlSGR1), and cell wall metabolism (SlPG2a, SlPL, SlCEL2, and SlEXP1) are direct targets of NOR-like1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), and dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLR) confirmed that NOR-like1 bound to the promoters of these genes both in vitro and in vivo, and activated their expression. Our findings demonstrate that NOR-like1 is a new positive regulator of tomato fruit ripening, with an important role in the transcriptional regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jing
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Lanhuan Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jianye Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Donald Grierson
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tucker G, Yin X, Zhang A, Wang M, Zhu Q, Liu X, Xie X, Chen K, Grierson D. Ethylene† and fruit softening. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
44
|
Zeng Y, Himmel ME, Ding SY. Visualizing chemical functionality in plant cell walls. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:263. [PMID: 29213316 PMCID: PMC5708085 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plant cell wall cross-linking chemistry and polymeric architecture is key to the efficient utilization of biomass in all prospects from rational genetic modification to downstream chemical and biological conversion to produce fuels and value chemicals. In fact, the bulk properties of cell wall recalcitrance are collectively determined by its chemical features over a wide range of length scales from tissue, cellular to polymeric architectures. Microscopic visualization of cell walls from the nanometer to the micrometer scale offers an in situ approach to study their chemical functionality considering its spatial and chemical complexity, particularly the capabilities of characterizing biomass non-destructively and in real-time during conversion processes. Microscopic characterization has revealed heterogeneity in the distribution of chemical features, which would otherwise be hidden in bulk analysis. Key microscopic features include cell wall type, wall layering, and wall composition-especially cellulose and lignin distributions. Microscopic tools, such as atomic force microscopy, stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, have been applied to investigations of cell wall structure and chemistry from the native wall to wall treated by thermal chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. While advancing our current understanding of plant cell wall recalcitrance and deconstruction, microscopic tools with improved spatial resolution will steadily enhance our fundamental understanding of cell wall function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zeng
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008 MS6341, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008 MS6341, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Shi-You Ding
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Leite DCC, Grandis A, Tavares EQP, Piovezani AR, Pattathil S, Avci U, Rossini A, Cambler A, De Souza AP, Hahn MG, Buckeridge MS. Cell wall changes during the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:693-708. [PMID: 29106454 PMCID: PMC5714247 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. We assessed the role that cell wall-related mechanisms might play in the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. Methods Sections of roots (5 cm) were subjected to microtomography analysis. These roots were divided into 1-cm segments and subjected to cell wall fractionation. We performed analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling. Sections were visualized by immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling using selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles. Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. As some of the cortex cells underwent dissolution of the middle lamellae, leading to cell separation, cell expansion took place along with cell death. Mixed-linkage β-glucan was degraded along with some homogalacturonan and galactan, culminating in the formation of cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin. Conclusion The composites formed seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C C Leite
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Grandis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E Q P Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A R Piovezani
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Pattathil
- BioEnergy Science Center, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - U Avci
- BioEnergy Science Center, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - A Cambler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A P De Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M G Hahn
- BioEnergy Science Center, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - M S Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li J, Hu X, Huang X, Huo H, Li J, Zhang D, Li P, Ouyang K, Chen X. Functional identification of an EXPA gene ( NcEXPA8) isolated from the tree Neolamarckia cadamba. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1362960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - XinSheng Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, USA
| | - Jingjian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Deng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Pei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Kunxi Ouyang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Simultaneous influence of pectin and xyloglucan on structure and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose composites. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:970-979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
48
|
Méndez-Yañez Á, Beltrán D, Campano-Romero C, Molinett S, Herrera R, Moya-León MA, Morales-Quintana L. Glycosylation is important for FcXTH1 activity as judged by its structural and biochemical characterization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:200-210. [PMID: 28898745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTH) may have endotransglycosylase (XET) and/or hydrolase (XEH) activities. Previous studies suggest that XTHs might play a key role in ripening of Fragaria chiloensis fruit as FcXTH1 transcripts increase as fruit softens. FcXTH1 protein sequence contains a conserved N-glycosylation site adjacent to catalytic residues. The FcXTH1 structure was built through comparative modeling methodology, the structure displays a β-jellyroll-type folding with a curvature generated by eight antiparallel β-sheets that holds the catalytic motif that is oriented towards the central cavity of the protein. Through Molecular Dynamic Simulations (MDS) analyses the protein-ligand interactions of FcXTH1 were explored, finding a better interaction with xyloglucans than cellulose. Nevertheless, the stability of the protein-ligand complex depends on the glycosylation state of FcXTH1: better energy interactions were determined for the glycosylated protein. As a complement, the molecular cloning and heterologous expression of FcXTH1 in Pichia pastoris was performed, and the recombinant protein was active and displayed strict XET activity. A KM value of 17.0 μM was determined for xyloglucan oligomer. The deglycosylation of FcXTH1 by PNGase-F treatment affects its biochemical properties (increase KM and reduce kcat/KM ratio) and reduces its stability. As a conclusion, glycosylation of FcXTH1 is important for its biological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Méndez-Yañez
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Dina Beltrán
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Constanza Campano-Romero
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastián Molinett
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Moya-León
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Luis Morales-Quintana
- Functional Genomics, Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Group, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Martínez-Sanz M, Mikkelsen D, Flanagan BM, Gidley MJ, Gilbert EP. Multi-scale characterisation of deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels reveals evidence for different interaction mechanisms with arabinoxylan, mixed-linkage glucan and xyloglucan. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
50
|
Girschik L, Jones JE, Kerslake FL, Robertson M, Dambergs RG, Swarts ND. Apple variety and maturity profiling of base ciders using UV spectroscopy. Food Chem 2017; 228:323-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|