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van Golen KL. Inflammatory breast cancer biomarkers and biology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 384:63-76. [PMID: 38637100 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a unique breast cancer with a highly virulent course and low 5- and 10-year survival rates. Even though it only accounts for 1-5% of breast cancers it is estimated to account for 10% of breast cancer deaths annually in the United States. The accuracy of diagnosis and classification of this unique cancer is a major concern within the medical community. Early molecular and biological studies incidentally included IBC samples with other conventional breast cancers and were not informative as to the unique nature of the disease. Subsequent molecular studies that focused specifically on IBC demonstrated that IBC has a unique biology different from other forms of breast cancer. Additionally, a handful of unique signature genes that are hallmarks of IBC have also been suggested. Further understanding of IBC biology can help with diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The current article reviews the history and highlights of IBC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L van Golen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, Newark, DE, United States.
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2
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Gaba S, Jain U. Advanced biosensors for nanomaterial-based detection of transforming growth factor alpha and beta, a class of major polypeptide regulators. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128622. [PMID: 38065462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factors (TGFs) regulate several cellular processes including, differentiation, growth, migration, extracellular matrix production, and apoptosis. TGF alpha (TGF-α) is a heterogeneous molecule containing 160 amino acid residues. It is a potent angiogenesis promoter that is activated by JAK-STAT signaling. Whereas TGF beta (TGF-β) consists of 390-412 amino acids. Smad and non-Smad signaling both occur in TGF beta. It is linked to immune cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. It also triggers pre-apoptotic responses and inhibits cell proliferation. Both growth factors have a promising role in the development and homeostasis of tissues. Defects such as autoimmune diseases and cancer develop mechanisms to modulate checkpoints of the immune system resulting in altered growth factors profile. An accurate amount of these growth factors is essential for normal functioning, but an exceed or fall behind the normal level is alarming as it is linked to several disorders. This demands techniques for TGF-α and TGF-β profiling to effectively diagnose diseases, monitor their progression, and assess the efficacy of immunotherapeutic drugs. Quantitative detection techniques including the emergence of biosensing technology seem to accomplish the purpose. Until the present time, few biosensors have been designed in the context of TGF-α and TGF-β for disease detection, analyzing receptor binding, and interaction with carriers. In this paper, we have reviewed the physiology of transforming growth factor alpha and beta, including the types, structure, function, latent/active forms, signaling, and defects caused. It involves the description of biosensors on TGF-α and TGF-β, advances in technology, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Gaba
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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Han S, Lee JE, Kang S, So M, Jin H, Lee JH, Baek S, Jun H, Kim TY, Lee YS. Standigm ASK™: knowledge graph and artificial intelligence platform applied to target discovery in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae035. [PMID: 38349059 PMCID: PMC10862655 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Standigm ASK™ revolutionizes healthcare by addressing the critical challenge of identifying pivotal target genes in disease mechanisms-a fundamental aspect of drug development success. Standigm ASK™ integrates a unique combination of a heterogeneous knowledge graph (KG) database and an attention-based neural network model, providing interpretable subgraph evidence. Empowering users through an interactive interface, Standigm ASK™ facilitates the exploration of predicted results. Applying Standigm ASK™ to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a complex lung disease, we focused on genes (AMFR, MDFIC and NR5A2) identified through KG evidence. In vitro experiments demonstrated their relevance, as TGFβ treatment induced gene expression changes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics. Gene knockdown reversed these changes, identifying AMFR, MDFIC and NR5A2 as potential therapeutic targets for IPF. In summary, Standigm ASK™ emerges as an innovative KG and artificial intelligence platform driving insights in drug target discovery, exemplified by the identification and validation of therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjin Han
- Standigm Inc., Nonhyeon-ro 85-gil, 06234, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil, 03760, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhee Kang
- Standigm Inc., Nonhyeon-ro 85-gil, 06234, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung So
- Standigm Inc., Nonhyeon-ro 85-gil, 06234, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil, 03760, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Standigm Inc., Nonhyeon-ro 85-gil, 06234, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyeob Baek
- Standigm Inc., Nonhyeon-ro 85-gil, 06234, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Jun
- Standigm Inc., Nonhyeon-ro 85-gil, 06234, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Standigm Inc., Nonhyeon-ro 85-gil, 06234, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil, 03760, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Prieto-Fernandez L, Villaronga MDLA, Hermida-Prado F, Hijazi M, Montoro-Jimenez I, Pevida M, Llames S, Rodrigo JP, Cutillas P, Calvo F, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Alvarez-Teijeiro S. Driving role of head and neck cancer cell secretome on the invasion of stromal fibroblasts: Mechanistic insights by phosphoproteomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114176. [PMID: 36916400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major players in tumor-stroma communication, and participate in several cancer hallmarks to drive tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. This study investigates the driving effects of tumor-secreted factors on CAF biology, with the ultimate goal of identifying effective therapeutic targets/strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). METHODS Functionally, conditioned media (CM) from different HNSCC-derived cell lines and normal keratinocytes (Kc) were tested on the growth and invasion of populations of primary CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) using 3D invasion assays in collagen matrices. The changes in MMPs expression were evaluated by RT-qPCR and kinase enrichment was analyzed using mass spectrometry phosphoproteomics. RESULTS Our results consistently demonstrate that HNSCC-secreted factors (but not Kc CM) specifically and robustly promoted pro-invasive properties in both CAFs and NFs, thereby reflecting the plasticity of fibroblast subtypes. Concomitantly, HNSCC-secreted factors massively increased metalloproteinases levels in CAFs and NFs. By contrast, HNSCC CM and Kc CM exhibited comparable growth-promoting effects on stromal fibroblasts. Mechanistically, phosphoproteomic analysis predominantly revealed phosphorylation changes in fibroblasts upon treatment with HNSCC CM, and various promising kinases were identified: MKK7, MKK4, ASK1, RAF1, BRAF, ARAF, COT, PDK1, RSK2 and AKT1. Interestingly, pharmacologic inhibition of RAF1/BRAF using sorafenib emerged as the most effective drug to block tumor-promoted fibroblast invasion without affecting fibroblast viability CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that HNSCC-secreted factors specifically fine tune the invasive potential of stromal fibroblasts, thereby generating tumor-driven pro-invasive niches, which in turn to ultimately facilitate cancer cell dissemination. Furthermore, the RAF/BRAF inhibitor sorafenib was identified as a promising candidate to effectively target the onset of pro-invasive clusters of stromal fibroblasts in the HNSCC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llara Prieto-Fernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Villaronga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maruan Hijazi
- Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Montoro-Jimenez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pevida
- Tissue engineering unit, Centro Comunitario Sangre y Tejidos de Asturias (CCST), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Llames
- Tissue engineering unit, Centro Comunitario Sangre y Tejidos de Asturias (CCST), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Juana Maria Garcia-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Saul Alvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhou X, Dang S, Jiang H, Gu M. Identification of G-protein signaling modulator 2 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an exploration of its regulatory mechanisms. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1164-1179. [PMID: 34295565 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) has a high rate of mortality. Unfortunately, it is difficult to diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a more in-depth understanding of the disease. Methods A total of 177 patients with PAAD were recruited from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PAAD. The microarray data were adapted to the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) for annotation and visualization, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. In vitro transwell migration assays were conducted to explore the molecular and functional characteristics of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (PANC-1) with stable low expression of G-protein signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2). Expression of GPSM2 and the associated hub genes were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results The overexpression of GPSM2 was proved in PAAD, as compared with the healthy tissues, as well as its correlation with history of chronic pancreatitis, T stage, TNM stage and tumor grade. We described it as an independent prognostic factor and found that it could influence the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Silencing of GPSM2 restrained the and migration of the cells. Microarray analysis identified 1,631 DEGs in PAAD cells. The PPI network analysis identified hub genes including CD44, ITGB1, ITGB5, ITGA2, ITGA5, AKT1, EGFR, NRAS and MAP2K1, and their relationship with GPSM2 was confirmed by qPCR. Conclusions GPSM2 is a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target for PAAD. GPSM2 promoted the migration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells .Targeting GPSM2 and its downstream genes may prolong the survival time of patients with PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Shengchun Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaji Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Oncology, Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, China
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Wang J, Lou J, Fu L, Jin Q. An independent poor-prognosis subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the tumor microenvironment. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520980646. [PMID: 33567957 PMCID: PMC7883156 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520980646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with a particularly poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment. However, the relationship between TME genes and HCC patient prognosis is poorly understood. Methods In this study, we identified two prognostic subtypes based on the TME using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. The Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter method was used to evaluate immune cell infiltration in HCC. Differentially expressed genes between molecular subtypes were calculated with the Limma package, and clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses to identify genes related to the independent subtypes. We also integrated mRNA expression data into our bioinformatics analysis. Results We identified 4227 TME-associated genes and 640 genes related to the prognosis of HCC. We defined two major subtypes (Clusters 1 and 2) based on the analysis of TME-associated gene expression. Cluster 1 was characterized by increased expression of immune-associated genes and a worse prognosis than Cluster 2. Conclusions The identification of these HCC subtypes based on the TME provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms and prediction of HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qu Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Poturnajova M, Furielova T, Balintova S, Schmidtova S, Kucerova L, Matuskova M. Molecular features and gene expression signature of metastatic colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:10. [PMID: 33649827 PMCID: PMC7876998 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrollable metastatic outgrowth process is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, even in the case of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for approximately 10% of all annually diagnosed cancers and 50% of CRC patients will develop metastases in the course of disease. Most patients with metastatic CRC have incurable disease. Even if patients undergo resection of liver metastases, the 5‑year survival rate ranges from 25 to 58%. Next‑generation sequencing of tumour specimens from large colorectal cancer patient cohorts has led to major advances in elucidating the genomic landscape of these tumours and paired metastases. The expression profiles of primary CRC and their metastatic lesions at both the gene and pathway levels were compared and led to the selection of early driver genes responsible for carcinogenesis and metastasis‑specific genes that increased the metastatic process. The genetic, transcriptional and epigenetic alteration encoded by these genes and their combination influence many pivotal signalling pathways, enabling the dissemination and outgrowth in distant organs. Therapeutic regimens affecting several different active pathways may have important implications for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Poturnajova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Furielova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Balintova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Schmidtova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Liu D, Enriquez L, Ford CE. ROR2 Is Epigenetically Regulated in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030383. [PMID: 33494187 PMCID: PMC7864349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer is one of the fastest rising cancers in women. The Wnt signalling receptor ROR2 has been shown to play distinct roles in regards to tumorigenesis in different tumour types. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ROR2 in endometrial cancer and to determine if ROR2 expression is epigenetically regulated. Through the analyses of publicly available TCGA and GEO datasets, low ROR2 expression was correlated with unfavourable outcome and reduced overall survival of endometrial cancer patients. In addition, we observed epigenetic repression of ROR2 expression in endometrial cancer cell lines and patient samples. Ectopic expression of ROR2 in vitro inhibited the invasive ability of high grade serous endometrial cancer cells. Therefore, we concluded that ROR2 plays a tumour suppressor role in endometrial cancer and appears to be a diagnostic or therapeutic candidate. Abstract The Wnt signalling receptor ROR2 has been identified as a possible therapeutic target in numerous cancers; however, its exact role remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ROR2 in endometrial cancer (EC) and the potential mechanism associated with its altered expression. The association between ROR2 mRNA expression levels and clinicopathological parameters, including overall survival (OS), in EC was analysed in The Cancer Genome Atlas Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (TCGA-UCEC) cohort and GEO dataset GSE17025. Four EC cell lines (KLE, MFE-296, Ishikawa and ARK-1) and eight clinical EC samples were analysed for ROR2 methylation via Combined Bisulphite Restriction Analysis (COBRA) and bisulphite genomic sequencing (BGS). In addition, the functional effects of ROR2 overexpression were investigated in Ishikawa and ARK-1 cells following ectopic ROR2 expression. ROR2 promoter methylation or reduced ROR2 expression were both found to correlate with shorter OS, high grade and serous subtype in the TCGA-UCEC and GEO datasets. ROR2 was epigenetically silenced by promoter methylation in both patient samples and cell lines. A significant correlation between ROR2 expression levels and promoter methylation was observed in patient samples (r = −0.797, p = 0.018). ROR2 restoration in ARK-1 significantly decreased invasion ability, with associated changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. ROR2 plays a tumour-suppressor role in EC and is epigenetically suppressed with the development of disease. It may represent a diagnostic or therapeutic candidate for EC.
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Yastrebova MA, Khamidullina AI, Tatarskiy VV, Scherbakov AM. Snail-Family Proteins: Role in Carcinogenesis and Prospects for Antitumor Therapy. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:76-90. [PMID: 33959388 PMCID: PMC8084295 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The review analyzes Snail family proteins, which are transcription factors involved in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. We describe the structure of these proteins, their post-translational modification, and the mechanisms of Snail-dependent regulation of genes. The role of Snail proteins in carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis is analyzed. Furthermore, we focus on EMT signaling mechanisms involving Snail proteins. Next, we dissect Snail signaling in hypoxia, a condition that complicates anticancer treatment. Finally, we offer classes of chemical compounds capable of down-regulating the transcriptional activity of Snails. Given the important role of Snail proteins in cancer biology and the potential for pharmacological inhibition, Snail family proteins may be considered promising as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Yastrebova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - A. I. Khamidullina
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - V. V. Tatarskiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - A. M. Scherbakov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478 Russia
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Circulating Exosomal MicroRNA-1307-5p as a Predictor for Metastasis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123819. [PMID: 33352935 PMCID: PMC7766543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRs) significantly contribute to cancer metastasis. However, few studies have investigated the role of exosomes as metastasis mediators in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) despite recent advancements in liquid biopsy. We aimed to identify pro-metastatic circulating exo-miRs potentially predicting metastasis onset in HCC through comprehensive and systematic integrative analyses of plasma exo-miR sequencing data and publicly available RNA expression datasets, and accordingly propose a potential mechanism of action of pro-metastatic miRs, including promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that circulating exo-miR-1307-5p is a predictive marker for metastasis in patients with HCC, and EMT promotion through SEC14L2 and ENG downregulation could be the potential downstream pathway of miR-1307-5p. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because our findings provide novel insights into the role of circulating exo-miRs in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and suggest that exo-miRs are a potential treatment target in HCC. Abstract Exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRs) contribute to cancer metastasis. To identify pro-metastatic circulating exo-miRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), next-generation sequencing-based plasma exo-miR profiles of 14 patients with HCC (eight non-metastatic and six with metastasis within 1 year of follow-up) were analyzed. Sixty-one miRs were significantly overexpressed among patients with metastatic HCC. Candidate miRs were selected through integrative analyses of two different public expression datasets, GSE67140 and The Cancer Genome Atlas liver hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA_LIHC). Integrative analyses revealed 3 of 61 miRs (miR-106b-5p, miR-1307-5p, and miR-340-5p) commonly overexpressed both in metastasis and vascular invasion groups, with prognostic implications. Validation was performed using stored blood samples of 150 patients with HCC. Validation analysis showed that circulating exo-miR-1307-5p was significantly overexpressed in the metastasis group (p = 0.04), as well as in the vascular invasion and tumor recurrence groups. Circulating exo-miR-1307-5p expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage progression (p < 0.0001). Downstream signaling pathways of miR-1307 were predicted using TargetScan and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. On comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, the downstream pathway of miR-1307-5p, promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), showed SEC14L2 and ENG downregulation. Our results show that circulating exo-miR-1307-5p promotes metastasis and helps predict metastasis in HCC, and SEC14L2 and ENG are target tumor suppressor genes of miR-1307 that promote EMT.
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Alshyarba M, Otifi H, Al Fayi M, A Dera A, Rajagopalan P. Thymoquinone inhibits IL-7-induced tumor progression and metastatic invasion in prostate cancer cells by attenuating matrix metalloproteinase activity and Akt/NF-κB signaling. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1403-1411. [PMID: 33128273 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 acts via the IL-7 receptor in metastatic tumor progression in prostate cancer (PC). The current study aimed to evaluate thymoquinone (Tq), an active constituent from Nigella sativa against IL-7-driven tumor progression and metastatic invasion in PC cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the proliferation of PC cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of IL-7 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Tumor-cell transendothelial, scratch wound and cell scatter assays were performed to mimic metastasis. Western immunoblotting was used to measure the level of proteins. Tq effectively controlled the proliferation of DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells with GI50 of 10.18, 12.40, and 16.78 µM, respectively. IL-7 and IL-7R were natively expressed in all PC types, while maximal expression was detected in DU-145. IL-7 promoted metastatic events, such as transendothelial migration, cell scatter, and cell invasion of DU-145 cells in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited by Tq. Furthermore, Tq also downregulated p-Akt and NF-κB in DU-145 cells induced by IL-7 antibody and reduced the levels of MMP-3 and MMP-7 in these cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, Tq has excellent efficacy in controlling tumor progression, migration, and invasion of DU-145 cells that were driven by the activation of MMPs through IL-7/Akt/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishari Alshyarba
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Otifi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Al Fayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Central Research laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Central Research laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Central Research laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Fan H, Wang X, Li W, Shen M, Wei Y, Zheng H, Kang Y. ASB13 inhibits breast cancer metastasis through promoting SNAI2 degradation and relieving its transcriptional repression of YAP. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1359-1372. [PMID: 32943576 PMCID: PMC7528707 DOI: 10.1101/gad.339796.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Fan et al. studied the post-translational regulation of transcription factor SNAI2, which plays key roles during development and promotes metastasis by inducing invasive phenotype and tumor-initiating activity of cancer cells. They performed a dual-luciferase-based, genome-wide E3 ligase siRNA library screen and identified ASB13 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets SNAI2 for ubiquitination and degradation, thereby establishing ASB13 as a suppressor of breast cancer metastasis. Transcription factor SNAI2 plays key roles during development and has also been known to promote metastasis by inducing invasive phenotype and tumor-initiating activity of cancer cells. However, the post-translational regulation of SNAI2 is less well studied. We performed a dual-luciferase-based, genome-wide E3 ligase siRNA library screen and identified ASB13 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets SNAI2 for ubiquitination and degradation. ASB13 knockout in breast cancer cells promoted cell migration and decreased F-actin polymerization, while overexpression of ASB13 suppressed lung metastasis. Furthermore, ASB13 knockout decreased YAP expression, and such regulation is dependent on an increased protein level of SNAI2, which in turn represses YAP transcription. YAP suppresses tumor progression in breast cancer, as YAP knockout increases tumorsphere formation, anchorage-independent colony formation, cell migration in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo. Clinical data analysis reveals that ASB13 expression is positively correlated with improved overall survival in breast cancer patients. These findings establish ASB13 as a suppressor of breast cancer metastasis by promoting degradation of SNAI2 and relieving its transcriptional repression of YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Fan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuxiang Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hanqiu Zheng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
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13
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum L-14 Cell-Free Extract on Human Malignant Melanoma A375 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173895. [PMID: 32859054 PMCID: PMC7503592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with high metastatic ability. Despite several traditional therapies, the mortality rate remains high. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), a species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is being studied for human health, including cancer treatment. However, few studies have elucidated the relationship between L. plantarum extract and human malignant melanoma. To investigate the effects of L. plantarum on human melanoma cells, A375 human melanoma cells were used and treated with L. plantarum L-14 extract. After the treatment, viability, migration ability, molecular changes of migration- and apoptosis-related genes, and the location of cytochrome c was evaluated. The L-14 extract inhibited the viability, migration of A375 cells as well as reduced expression of migration-related genes. In addition, it was confirmed that the L-14 extract induced intrinsic apoptosis in A375 cells. This study demonstrated that the L-14 extract exerted anticancer effects on A375 cells. Therefore, these data suggest that the L-14 extract is worth studying for the development of melanoma drugs using LAB.
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14
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Ries A, Schelch K, Falch D, Pany L, Hoda MA, Grusch M. Activin A: an emerging target for improving cancer treatment? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:985-996. [PMID: 32700590 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1799350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activin A is involved in the regulation of a surprisingly broad number of processes that are relevant for cancer development and treatment; it is implicated in cell autonomous functions and multiple regulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes the current knowledge about activin A in cell growth and death, migration and metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance, regulation of antitumor immunity, and cancer cachexia. We explore the role of activin A as a biomarker and discuss strategies for using it as target for cancer therapy. Literature retrieved from Medline until 25 June 2020 was considered. EXPERT OPINION While many functions of activin A were investigated in preclinical models, there is currently limited experience from clinical trials. Activin A has growth- and migration-promoting effects, contributes to immune evasion and cachexia and is associated with shorter survival in several cancer types. Targeting activin A could offer the chance to simultaneously limit tumor growth and spreading, improve drug response, boost antitumor immune responses and improve cancer-associated or treatment-associated cachexia, bone loss, and anemia. Nevertheless, defining which patients have the highest likelihood of benefiting from these effects is challenging and will require further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ries
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - David Falch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Pany
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
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15
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Catechol inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem cell-like properties in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7620. [PMID: 32376896 PMCID: PMC7203133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major cellular process in which epithelial cells lose cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion and become motility and invasiveness by transforming into mesenchymal cells. Catechol is one of the natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables and has various pharmacological and physiological activities including anti-carcinogenic effects. However, the effects of catechol on EMT has not been reported. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the growth factors and is known to play a role in inducing EMT. The present study showed that catechol suppressed not only the morphological changes to the mesenchymal phenotype of epithelial HCC cells, but also the reduction of E-cadherin and the increment of Vimentin, which are typical hallmark of EMT. In addition, catechol suppressed EMT-related steps such as migration, invasion, anoikis resistance acquisition, and stem cell-like characterization through the EGFR-AKT-ERK signaling pathway during liver cancer metastasis. Therefore, these results suggest that catechol may be able to regulate the early metastasis of liver cancer in vitro.
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16
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Haibe Y, Kreidieh M, El Hajj H, Khalifeh I, Mukherji D, Temraz S, Shamseddine A. Resistance Mechanisms to Anti-angiogenic Therapies in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:221. [PMID: 32175278 PMCID: PMC7056882 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis rely on tumor vascular network for the adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Tumor angiogenesis relies on a highly complex program of growth factor signaling, endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and stromal cell interactions. Numerous pro-angiogenic drivers have been identified, the most important of which is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The importance of pro-angiogenic inducers in tumor growth, invasion and extravasation make them an excellent therapeutic target in several types of cancers. Hence, the number of anti-angiogenic agents developed for cancer treatment has risen over the past decade, with at least eighty drugs being investigated in preclinical studies and phase I-III clinical trials. To date, the most common approaches to the inhibition of the VEGF axis include the blockade of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) or ligands by neutralizing antibodies, as well as the inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) enzymes. Despite promising preclinical results, anti-angiogenic monotherapies led only to mild clinical benefits. The minimal benefits could be secondary to primary or acquired resistance, through the activation of alternative mechanisms that sustain tumor vascularization and growth. Mechanisms of resistance are categorized into VEGF-dependent alterations, non-VEGF pathways and stromal cell interactions. Thus, complementary approaches such as the combination of these inhibitors with agents targeting alternative mechanisms of blood vessel formation are urgently needed. This review provides an updated overview on the pathophysiology of angiogenesis during tumor growth. It also sheds light on the different pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic agents that have been developed to date. Finally, it highlights the preclinical evidence for mechanisms of angiogenic resistance and suggests novel therapeutic approaches that might be exploited with the ultimate aim of overcoming resistance and improving clinical outcomes for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolla Haibe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malek Kreidieh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Khalifeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Temraz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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17
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Xu J, Shi J, Tang W, Jiang P, Guo M, Zhang B, Ma G. ROR2 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating MAPK/p38 signaling pathway in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4142-4153. [PMID: 32048761 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) is a tyrosine-protein kinase receptor highly implicated in the growth plate and cartilage development, which may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer (BC) cells. Although ROR2 is known to promote the migration of BC cells, the detailed mechanism of this event is still not clear. Here, we found that ROR2 expression was significantly increased in BC lymphatic metastatic tissue as well as BC samples compared to normal adjacent breast tissues. A higher expression of ROR2 in MDA-MB-231 and a lower expression of ROR2 in MCF-7 cells were observed. MDA-MB-231-siROR2 cells with ROR2 knockdown inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell invasion, migration, and clonal formation, while MCF-7-OvROR2 cells with overexpression showed the opposite results. The underlying mechanisms involved in ROR2-induced EMT in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were further investigated. ROR2 may activate EMT progression in BC cells by altering MAPK kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6) expression. The expressions of transforming growth factor-β, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9, which were related to tumor cell invasion activities, were notably increased in MCF-7-OvROR2 cells. The EMT markers, including snail, N-cadherin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and vimentin, were significantly upregulated in MCF-7-OvROR2 cells. On the contrary, E-cadherin was obviously reduced expressed in MCF-7-OvROR2 cells. ROR2 may regulate the malignant phenotype of BC cells possibly via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p38 signaling pathway. Collectively, ROR2 promotes BC carcinogenesis by mediating the MAPK/p38 pathway, which is independent of Wnt5α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Mammary Gland Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Thyroid and Mammary Gland Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Mammary Gland Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhong Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Mammary Gland Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Mammary Gland Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Zhang R, Shi H, Ren F, Feng W, Cao Y, Li G, Liu Z, Ji P, Zhang M. MicroRNA-338-3p suppresses ovarian cancer cells growth and metastasis: implication of Wnt/catenin beta and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:494. [PMID: 31842953 PMCID: PMC6916056 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Downregulation of microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) was detected in many malignant tumors, which indicated miR-338-3p might serve as a role of antioncogene in those cancers. The present study aimed to explore the roles of miR-338-3p in the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells and elaborate the underlying possible molecular mechanism. METHODS Multiply biomedical databases query and KEGG pathway enrichment assay were used to infilter possible target genes and downstream pathways regulated by miR-338-3p. Overexpression miR-338-3p lentiviral vectors were transfected into ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 and OVCAR-8 cells, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed by MTT, colony formation, transwell, Matrigel assay and xenograft mouse model. One 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) binding target gene of miR-338-3p, MACC1 (MET transcriptional regulator MACC1), and its regulated gene MET and downstream signaling pathway activities were examined by western blot. RESULTS Biomedical databases query indicated that miR-338-3p could target MACC1 gene and regulate Met, downstream Wnt/Catenin beta and MEK/ERK pathways. Rescue of miR-338-3p could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, and suppress the growth and metastasis of xenograft tumor. Restoration of miR-338-3p could attenuate MACC1 and Met overexpression induced growth, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activities of Wnt/Catenin beta and MEK/ERK signaling in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicated that restoration of miR-338-3p could suppress the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, which might due to the inhibition of proliferation and EMT induced by MACC1, Met and its downstream Wnt/Catenin beta and MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Ren
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gailing Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheying Liu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Ji
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, NO.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 People’s Republic of China
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19
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Jalaleddine N, El-Hajjar L, Dakik H, Shaito A, Saliba J, Safi R, Zibara K, El-Sabban M. Pannexin1 Is Associated with Enhanced Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Patient Breast Cancer Tissues and in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121967. [PMID: 31817827 PMCID: PMC6966616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of connexin-mediated cell-cell communication is a hallmark of breast cancer progression. Pannexin1 (PANX1), a glycoprotein that shares structural and functional features with connexins and engages in cell communication with its environment, is highly expressed in breast cancer metastatic foci; however, PANX1 contribution to metastatic progression is still obscure. Here we report elevated expression of PANX1 in different breast cancer (BRCA) subtypes using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The elevated PANX1 expression correlated with poorer outcomes in TCGA BRCA patients. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway genes correlated positively with PANX1 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of PANX1, in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, or genetic ablation of PANX1, in MDA-MB-231 cells, reverted the EMT phenotype, as evidenced by decreased expression of EMT markers. In addition, PANX1 inhibition or genetic ablation decreased the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results suggest PANX1 overexpression in breast cancer is associated with a shift towards an EMT phenotype, in silico and in vitro, attributing to it a tumor-promoting effect, with poorer clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. This association offers a novel target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Jalaleddine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 1107-2809, Lebanon;
| | - Layal El-Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Hassan Dakik
- University of Tours, EA 7501 GICC, CNRS ERL 7001 LNOx, CEDEX 01, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon;
| | - Jessica Saliba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut 1003, Lebanon;
| | - Rémi Safi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045-Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut 1003, Lebanon;
| | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-1-350000 (ext. 4765-4766)
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20
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Baldovini C, Rossi G, Ciarrocchi A. Approaches to Tumor Classification in Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 10:131-149. [PMID: 31824199 PMCID: PMC6901065 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s186779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a heterogeneous category of primary lung cancer accounting from 0.3% to 3% of all primary lung malignancies. According to the most recent 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, PSC includes several different variants of malignant epithelial tumors (carcinomas) histologically mimicking sarcomas showing or entirely lacking a conventional component of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, this rare subheading of lung neoplasms includes pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, pulmonary blastoma, and carcinosarcoma. A diagnosis of PSC may be suspected on small biopsy or cytology, but commonly requires a surgical resection to reach a conclusive definition. The majority of patients with PSC consists of elderly, smoking men with a large, peripheral mass characterized by well-defined margins. However, presentation with a central, polypoid endobronchial lesion is well-documented, particularly in pleomorphic carcinoma and carcinosarcoma showing a squamous cell carcinoma component. As expected, PSC may pose diagnostic problems and immunohistochemistry is largely used when pathologists deal these tumors in routine practice. Indeed, PSC tends to overexpress molecules associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, such as vimentin, but the panel of immunostains also includes epithelial markers (cytokeratins, EMA), TTF-1, p40 and negative markers (e.g., melanocytic, mesothelial and sarcoma-related primary antibodies). Although rare, PSC has increased their interest among oncologist community for different reasons: a. identification of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenomenon as a major mechanism of secondary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors; b. over-expression of PD-L1 and effective treatment with immunotherapy; c. identification of c-MET exon 14 skipping mutation representing an effective target to crizotinib and other specific inhibitors. In this review, the feasibility of the diagnosis of PSC, its differential diagnosis and novel molecular findings characterizing this group of lung tumor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baldovini
- Operative Unit of Pathologic Anatomy, Azienda USL della Romagna, Hospital S. Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Operative Unit of Pathologic Anatomy, Azienda USL della Romagna, Hospital S. Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42123, Italy
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21
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Maffeis V, Nicolè L, Cappellesso R. RAS, Cellular Plasticity, and Tumor Budding in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1255. [PMID: 31803624 PMCID: PMC6877753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain a worldwide challenge, despite the advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. RAS alterations have a central role in the pathogenesis of CRC universally recognized both in the canonical mutation-based classification and in the recent transcriptome-based classification. About 40% of CRCs are KRAS mutated, 5% NRAS mutated, and only rare cases are HRAS mutated. Morphological and molecular correlations demonstrated the involvement of RAS in cellular plasticity, which is related to invasive and migration properties of neoplastic cells. RAS signaling has been involved in the initiation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC leading to tumor spreading. Tumor budding is the morphological surrogate of EMT and features cellular plasticity. Tumor budding is clinically relevant for CRC patients in three different contexts: (i) in pT1 CRC the presence of tumor buds is associated with nodal metastasis, (ii) in stage II CRC identifies the cases with a prognosis similar to metastatic disease, and (iii) intratumoral budding could be useful in patient selection for neoadjuvant therapy. This review is focused on the current knowledge on RAS in CRC and its link with cellular plasticity and related clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maffeis
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nicolè
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Chong ST, Tan KM, Kok CYL, Guan SP, Lai SH, Lim C, Hu J, Sturgis C, Eng C, Lam PYP, Ngeow J. IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5573-5584. [PMID: 31290966 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13RA2), which is known to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, plays a role in various cellular processes such as cell migration that may contribute to tumor progression. Studies have attributed IL13RA2 to invasion and metastasis in cancers of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, but the pathological role of IL13RA2 in thyroid cancer is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate IL13RA2 expression in thyroid carcinomas and to examine the role of IL13RA2 in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS IL13RA2 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of 137 thyroid carcinomas from patients, and the differential profile of IL13RA2 was validated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In PTC cell lines, we functionally assessed the effects of IL13RA2 underexpression and overexpression on cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using CCK-8, transwell migration assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS IL13RA2 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor T stage (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.001) and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1; P < 0.001). The staining scores of IL13RA2 were significantly higher in PTC compared with follicular subtypes (P < 0.001) and correlated with advanced tumor stage among PTC samples (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.028). Knockdown of IL13RA2 in B-CPAP cells significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration, and EMT markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Exogenous overexpression of IL13RA2 in K1 cells increased cell migration and EMT, although cell proliferation was not affected. CONCLUSION IL13RA2 is differentially regulated in PTC and is involved in cell migration by enhancing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Ting Chong
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Khee Ming Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Catherine Y L Kok
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cindy Lim
- Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Charles Sturgis
- Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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Das V, Bhattacharya S, Chikkaputtaiah C, Hazra S, Pal M. The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): A study from a structure, dynamics, and functional perspective. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14535-14555. [PMID: 30723913 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in transdifferentiation process in solid cancer development. Forthcoming evidence suggest that the stratified program transforms polarized, immotile epithelial cells to migratory mesenchymal cells associated with enhancement of breast cancer stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance. It involves primarily several signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), cadherin, notch, plasminogen activator protein inhibitor, urokinase plasminogen activator, and WNT/beta catenin pathways. However, current understanding on the crosstalk of multisignaling pathways and assemblies of key transcription factors remain to be explored. In this review, we focus on the crosstalk of signal transduction pathways linked to the current therapeutic and drug development strategies. We have also performed the computational modeling on indepth the structure and conformational dynamic studies of regulatory proteins and analyze molecular interactions with their associate factors to understand the complicated process of EMT in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Electrostatic potential surfaces have been analyzed that help in optimization of electrostatic interactions between the protein and its ligand. Therefore, understanding the biological implications underlying the EMT process through molecular biology with biocomputation and structural biology approaches will enable the development of new therapeutic strategies to sensitize tumors to conventional therapy and suppress their metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division (Biotechnology Group), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Sourya Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division (Biotechnology Group), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division (Biotechnology Group), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Overexpression of ERβ inhibits the proliferation through regulating TNG-β signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152568. [PMID: 31383536 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential anti-tumor effect of ERβ overexpression and investigate its related mechanism in osteosarcoma. Cell cycle and apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and formation of autophagosome were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and dansylcadaverine (MDC) staining assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Western blot analysis was designed to detect the protein expressions of surviving, Bax, LC-3 П, Beclin-1, ERβ, TβRⅠ, TβRⅡ, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7. Real-Time fluorogenic PCR was designed to examine the mRNA expressions of surviving, Bax, ERβ, TβRⅠ, TβRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7. The results showed that ERβ overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle, and induced apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, ERβ overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of surviving, TβRⅠ, TβRⅡ, Smad2 and Smad3. Meanwhile, the expressions of Bax, LC-3 П, Beclin-1 and Smad7 were dramatically upregulated by ERβ overexpression. In conclusion, ERβ overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, block cell cycle, and promote apoptosis and autophagy in OS by downregulating TNG-β signaling pathway.
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25
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Song J, Wang W, Wang Y, Qin Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers screened in a cell-based model and validated in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:680. [PMID: 31296175 PMCID: PMC6624955 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Re-capture of the differences between tumor and normal tissues observed at the patient level in cell cultures and animal models is critical for applications of these cancer-related differences. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is essential for tumor migratory and invasive capabilities. Although plenty of EMT markers are revealed, molecular features during the early stages of EMT are poorly understood. Methods A cell-based model to induce lung cell (A549) EMT using conditioned medium of in vitro cancer activated fibroblast (WI38) was established. High-throughput sequencing methods, including RNA-seq and miRNA-seq, and advanced bioinformatics methods were used to explore the transcriptome profile transitions accompanying the progression of EMT. We validated our findings with experimental techniques including transwell and immunofluorescence assay, as well as the TCGA data. Results We have constructed an in vitro cell model to mimic the EMT in patients. We discovered that several new transcription factors were among the early genes (3 h) to respond to cancer micro-environmental cues which could play critical roles in triggering further EMT signals. The early EMT markers also included genes encoding membrane transporters and blood coagulation function. Three of the nine-examined early EMT hallmark genes, GALNT6, SPARC and HES7, were up-regulated specifically in the early stages of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and confirmed by TCGA patient transcriptome data. In addition, we showed that miR-3613, a regulator of EGFR pathway genes, was constantly repressed during EMT progress and indicative of an epithelial miRNA marker. Conclusions The CAF-stimulated EMT cell model may recapture some of the molecular changes during EMT progression in clinical patients. The identified early EMT hallmark genes GALNT6, SPARC and HES7and miR-3613 provide new markers and therapeutic targets for LUAD for the further clinical diagnosis and drug screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5885-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 9-4, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Yingyan Wang
- Laboratory Center for Diagnostics, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongxin Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 9-4, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 9-4, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 9-4, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China.,Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, Building 9-4, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, 388 Gaoxin 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
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Ganoderma lucidum Extract Reduces the Motility of Breast Cancer Cells Mediated by the RAC⁻Lamellipodin Axis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051116. [PMID: 31109134 PMCID: PMC6567024 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The main cause of BC morbidity and mortality is the invasiveness capacity of cancer cells that may lead to metastasis. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE)—a medicinal mushroom with anticancer properties—on BC motility via the Rac/Lamellipodin pathway. GLE treatment effects were tested on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The effects were tested on cell viability, migration and invasion. Pulldowns, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence were used to measure Rac activity and the expression of proteins involved in cell migration and in lamellipodia formation, respectively. As a result, GLE suppressed BC cell viability, migration, and invasion capacity. GLE impaired Rac activity, as well as downregulated Lamellipodin, ENA/VASP, p-FAK (Tyr925), Cdc42, and c-Myc expression. Lamellipodia formation was significantly reduced by GLE. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GLE reduces Rac activity and downregulates signaling molecules involved in lamellipodia formation. These novel findings serve as basis for further studies to elucidate the potential of GLE as a therapeutic agent regulating the Rac/Lamellipodin pathway in BC metastasis.
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Huang Q, Li J, Zheng J, Wei A. The Carcinogenic Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:1570-1579. [PMID: 31031867 PMCID: PMC6485212 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway, known to be a highly conserved signaling pathway in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, participates in cell fate decisions that include cellular differentiation, cell survival and cell death. However, other studies have shown that aberrant in Notch signaling is pro-tumorigenic, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and has a high mortality rate. Growing evidence supports that Notch signaling plays a critical role in the development of HCC by regulating the tumor microenvironment, tumorigenesis, progression, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Accordingly, overexpression of Notch is closely associated with poor prognosis in HCC. In this review, we focus on the pro-tumorigenic role of Notch signaling in HCC, summarize the current knowledge of Notch signaling and its role in HCC development, and outline the therapeutic potential of targeting Notch signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfeng Huang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Junhong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinghui Zheng
- Discipline Construction Office, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Ailing Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, China
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Sikorska J, Gaweł D, Domek H, Rudzińska M, Czarnocka B. Podoplanin (PDPN) affects the invasiveness of thyroid carcinoma cells by inducing ezrin, radixin and moesin (E/R/M) phosphorylation in association with matrix metalloproteinases. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:85. [PMID: 30654768 PMCID: PMC6337816 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podoplanin (PDPN) is a mucin-type transmembrane glycoprotein specific to the lymphatic system. PDPN expression has been found in various human tumors and is considered to be a marker of cancer. We had previously shown that PDPN expression contributes to carcinogenesis in the TPC1 papillary thyroid cancer-derived cell line by enhancing cell migration and invasiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PDPN down-regulation in another thyroid cancer-derived cell line: BcPAP. Methods In order to determine the effects of PDPN on malignant features of BcPAP cells (harboring the BRAFV600E mutated allele) and TPC1 cells (carrying the RET/PTC1 rearrangement), we silenced PDPN in these cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The efficacy of PDPN silencing was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Then, we tested the motility and invasiveness of these cells (using scratch test and Transwell assay), their growth capacities F(cell cycle analysis, viability, clonogenic activity) and apoptosis assays), adhesion-independent colony-formation capacities, as well as the effect of PDPN silencing on MMPs expression and activity (zymography). Results We found that PDPN-induced cell phenotype depended on the genetic background of thyroid tumor cells. PDPN down-regulation in BcPAP cells was negatively correlated with the migration and invasion, in contrast to TPC1 cells in which PDPN depletion resulted in enhanced migration and invasiveness. Moreover, our results suggest that in BcPAP cells, PDPN may be involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through regulating the expression of the ezrin, radixin and moesin (E/R/M) proteins, MMPs 9 and MMP2, remodeling of actin cytoskeleton and cellular protrusions. We also demonstrated that PDPN expression is associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. The inhibition of the MAPK pathway resulted in a decreased PDPN expression, increased E/R/M phosphorylation and reduced cell migration. Additionally, PDPN depleted BcPAP cells treated with inhibitors of MEK1/2 kinases (U0126) or of the BRAF V600E protein (PLX4720) had reduced motility, similar to that previously observed in TPC1 cells after PDPN knock-down. Conclusions Altogether, our data suggest that PDPN may play an important role in the control of invasion and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells in association with the E/R/M, MMPs and MAPK kinases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5239-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sikorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Domek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland.
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Tsubakihara Y, Moustakas A. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis under the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113672. [PMID: 30463358 PMCID: PMC6274739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of tumor cells from primary sites of malignancy to neighboring stromal tissue or distant localities entails in several instances, but not in every case, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT weakens the strong adhesion forces between differentiated epithelial cells so that carcinoma cells can achieve solitary or collective motility, which makes the EMT an intuitive mechanism for the initiation of tumor metastasis. EMT initiates after primary oncogenic events lead to secondary secretion of cytokines. The interaction between tumor-secreted cytokines and oncogenic stimuli facilitates EMT progression. A classic case of this mechanism is the cooperation between oncogenic Ras and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The power of TGFβ to mediate EMT during metastasis depends on versatile signaling crosstalk and on the regulation of successive waves of expression of many other cytokines and the progressive remodeling of the extracellular matrix that facilitates motility through basement membranes. Since metastasis involves many organs in the body, whereas EMT affects carcinoma cell differentiation locally, it has frequently been debated whether EMT truly contributes to metastasis. Despite controversies, studies of circulating tumor cells, studies of acquired chemoresistance by metastatic cells, and several (but not all) metastatic animal models, support a link between EMT and metastasis, with TGFβ, often being a common denominator in this link. This article aims at discussing mechanistic cases where TGFβ signaling and EMT facilitate tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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30
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Hänze J, Kessel F, Di Fazio P, Hofmann R, Hegele A. Effects of multi and selective targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors on function and signaling of different bladder cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:316-325. [PMID: 29966976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is dysregulated in various malignancies including bladder cancer. RTKs trigger pro-proliferative, anti-apoptotic and metastatic signaling pathways. Here, we assessed the effects of a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (BGJ398) targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and a pan-TKI (TKI258) targeting (FGFR), platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) in bladder cancer cells. METHODS Levels of mRNA transcripts were measured in nine human cell lines by quantitative RT-PCR. Cell function was assessed for viability, colony formation, migration, apoptosis and proliferation. Protein mediators of signal transduction were measured by Western-blot. RESULTS mRNA transcripts encoding RTK-related components, transcription factors, epithelial and mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers as well as cell cycle and apoptotic factors were determined in the cell lines. Principal component analysis ordered one epithelial-like cell cluster (5637, BFTC-905, MGHU4, RT112) and one mesenchymal-like cell cluster (T24, UMUC3, HU456, TCC-SUP). Cell response scores towards TKI258 and BGJ398 treatment were heterogeneous between cell lines and correlated with certain transcript levels. Analysis of signal transduction pathways revealed inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling and induction of cell cycle dependent kinase (CDKN1A, p21) in epithelial-like cells differing in this regard from responses to mesenchymal-like cells that exhibited inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). CONCLUSION RTK and EMT related transcript analysis separate bladder cancer cells in two clusters. Functional responses towards TKI258 and BGJ398 treatment of bladder Fcancer cells were heterogeneous with deviating effects on signaling and possibly different therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Hänze
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Friederike Kessel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Hegele
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
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Zhao Y, Li C, Huang L, Niu S, Lu Q, Gong D, Huang S, Yuan Y, Chen H. Prognostic value of association of OCT4 with LEF1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their impact on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and migration. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3977-3987. [PMID: 29974668 PMCID: PMC6089166 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant disease with poor prognosis. Because of early metastasis prior to diagnosis and therapeutic resistance, ESCC has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological significance of the association of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) with lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) expression and the potential molecular mechanism in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration of ESCC. The expression of OCT4 and LEF1 was detected via immunohistochemistry analysis. High levels of LEF1 expression were observed in 95 ESCC specimens and were obviously associated with aberrant clinicopathological features and poor patient prognosis. Our previous study showed that OCT4 expression level is elevated in ESCC, and statistical analysis showed that the elevated expression of OCT4 and LEF1 in ESCC was significantly associated with histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and poor patient prognosis. The specific inhibition of OCT4 expression via a lentivirus encoding OCT4-shRNA (LV-shOCT4) in Eca109 cells led to decreased levels of OCT4 and LEF1 in vitro. Additionally, we applied a rescue strategy by infecting LV-shOCT4 Eca109 cells with a LEF1 overexpression plasmid (p-LEF1) and detected changes in EMT, migration, and invasion. Unsurprisingly, the p-LEF1 group exhibited greater EMT, invasion, and migration than did the LV-shOCT4 and negative control groups. This study demonstrates for the first time the relationship between OCT4 and LEF1 expression. The combination of high expression of OCT4 and LEF1 was associated with clinicopathological features of atypical patients, and this combination might be an ideal prognostic factor in ESCC. OCT4 positively regulated LEF1 expression, and LEF1 mediated the effects of OCT4 in cancer cell EMT, invasion, and migration. The data presented here suggest that the inhibition of OCT4-LEF1 signaling may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunguang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qijue Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Gong
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdong Huang
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hezhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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He Y, Li L, Liu J, Zhang X. Iodine-125 seed brachytherapy inhibits non–small cell lung cancer by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Brachytherapy 2018; 17:696-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Itatani Y, Kawada K, Yamamoto T, Sakai Y. Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Cancer-Alterations to Anti-VEGF Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041232. [PMID: 29670046 PMCID: PMC5979390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is one of the promising strategies for many types of solid cancers. Bevacizumab (Avastin), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, was approved for the first time as an anti-angiogenic drug for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004. In addition, the other VEGF pathway inhibitors including small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, sorafenib, and pazopanib), a soluble VEGF decoy receptor (aflibercept), and a humanized monoclonal antibody of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (ramucirumab) have been approved for cancer therapy. Although many types of VEGF pathway inhibitors can improve survival in most cancer patients, some patients have little or no beneficial effect from them. The primary or acquired resistance towards many oncological drugs, including anti-VEGF inhibitors, is a common problem in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the proposed alternative mechanisms of angiogenesis other than the VEGF pathway. These mechanisms are involved in the development of resistance to anti-VEGF therapies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Liu S, Iaria J, Simpson RJ, Zhu HJ. Ras enhances TGF-β signaling by decreasing cellular protein levels of its type II receptor negative regulator SPSB1. Cell Commun Signal 2018. [PMID: 29534718 PMCID: PMC5850916 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transformation by oncogene Ras overcomes TGF-β mediated growth inhibition in epithelial cells. However, it cooperates with each other to mediate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The mechanism of how these two pathways interact with each other is controversial. Methods Molecular techniques were used to engineer expression plasmids for Ras, SPRY, TGF-β receptors, type I and II and ubiquitin. Immunoprecipitation and western blots were employed to determine protein-protein interactions, preotein levels, protein phosphorylation while immunofluorecesent staining for molecular co-localization. TGF-β signalling activities is also determined by its luciferase reporter assay. Trans-well assays were used to measure cell migration and invasion. Results Ras interacts with the SPSB1’s SPRY domain to enhance TGF-β signaling. Ras interacts and colocalizes with the TGF-β type II receptor’s (TβRII) negative regulator SPSB1 on the cell membrane, consequently promoting SPSB1 protein degradation via enhanced mono- and di-ubiquitination. Reduced SPSB1 levels result in the stablization of TβRII, in turn the increase of receptor levels significantly enhance Smad2/3 phosphorylation and signaling. Importantly, forced expression of SPSB1 in Ras transformed cells suppresses TGF-β signaling and its mediated migration and invasion. Conclusion Ras positively cooperates with TGF-β signaling by reducing the cellular protein levels of TβRII negative regualtor SPSB1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0223-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Surgery (RMH), The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Josephine Iaria
- Department of Surgery (RMH), The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery (RMH), The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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de Sousa N, Rodríguez-Esteban G, Rojo-Laguna JI, Saló E, Adell T. Hippo signaling controls cell cycle and restricts cell plasticity in planarians. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002399. [PMID: 29357350 PMCID: PMC5794332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a key role in regulating cell turnover in adult tissues, and abnormalities in this pathway are consistently associated with human cancers. Hippo was initially implicated in the control of cell proliferation and death, and its inhibition is linked to the expansion of stem cells and progenitors, leading to larger organ size and tumor formation. To understand the mechanism by which Hippo directs cell renewal and promotes stemness, we studied its function in planarians. These stem cell-based organisms are ideal models for the analysis of the complex cellular events underlying tissue renewal in the whole organism. hippo RNA interference (RNAi) in planarians decreased apoptotic cell death, induced cell cycle arrest, and could promote the dedifferentiation of postmitotic cells. hippo RNAi resulted in extensive undifferentiated areas and overgrowths, with no effect on body size or cell number. We propose an essential role for hippo in controlling cell cycle, restricting cell plasticity, and thereby preventing tumoral transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nídia de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Gustavo Rodríguez-Esteban
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Rojo-Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Emili Saló
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Teresa Adell
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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36
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Eldawud R, Wagner A, Dong C, Stueckle TA, Rojanasakul Y, Dinu CZ. Carbon nanotubes physicochemical properties influence the overall cellular behavior and fate. NANOIMPACT 2018; 9:72-84. [PMID: 31544167 PMCID: PMC6753956 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) make them viable candidates for versatile implementation in the next generation of biomedical devices for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents or cellular-sensing probes. Such implementation requires user-tailored changes in SWCNT's physicochemical characteristics to allow for efficient cellular integration while maintaining nanotubes' functionality. However, isolated reports showed that user-tailoring could induce deleterious effects in exposed cells, from decrease in cellular proliferation, to changes in cellular adhesion, generation of reactive oxygen species or phenotypical variations, just to name a few. Before full implementation of SWCNTs is achieved, their toxicological profiles need to be mechanistically correlated with their physicochemical properties to determine how the induced cellular fate is related to the exposure conditions or samples' characteristics. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the synergistic cyto- and genotoxic effects resulted from short-term exposure of human lung epithelial cells to pristine (as manufactured) and user-tailored SWCNTs, as a function of their physicochemical properties. Specifically, through a systematic approach we are correlating the nanotube uptake and nanotube-induced cellular changes to the sample's physicochemical characteristics (e.g., metal impurities, length, agglomerate size, surface area, dispersion, and surface functionalization). By identifying changes in active hallmarks involved in cell-cell connections and maintaining epithelial layer integrity, we also determine the role that short-term exposure to SWCNTs plays in the overall cellular fate and cellular transformation. Lastly, we assess cellular structure-function relationships to identify non-apoptotic pathways induced by SWCNTs exposure that could however lead to changes in cellular behavior and cellular transformation. Our results show that the degree of cell transformation is a function of the physicochemical properties of the SWCNT, with the nanotube with higher length, higher metal content and larger agglomerate size reducing cell viability to a larger extent. Such changes in cell viability are also complemented by changes in cell structure, cycle and cell-cell interactions, all responsible for maintaining cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Eldawud
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Alixandra Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Chenbo Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Todd A. Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, WV 26506, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, WV 26506, USA
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Wang X, Hassan W, Jabeen Q, Khan GJ, Iqbal F. Interdependent and independent multidimensional role of tumor microenvironment on hepatocellular carcinoma. Cytokine 2017; 103:150-159. [PMID: 29029799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The novelty of an effective therapeutic targeting for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is based on improved understanding of each component of tumor microenvironment (TME) and its correspondent interactions at biological and molecular levels. In this context, new expansions for the treatment against TME and its communication with HCC are under exploration. Despite of the fact that blockage of growth factor receptors has become a treatment of choice in late phases of HCC in clinical practice, still a precise targeted treatment should address all the components of TME. Targeting one specific element out of cellular (cancer associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells and lymphocytes) or non-cellular (extracellular matrix, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, proteolytic enzymes) parts of TME may not be a successful remedy for the disease because of well-designed hindrances of each component and their functional alternativeness. Meanwhile there are some elements of TME like epithelial-mesenchymal transition and CAF, which are considerably important and need thorough investigations. Ascertaining the potential role of these elements, and a single or combinational drug therapy targeting these elements of TME simultaneously, may provide the appreciable considerations to eventually improve in clinical practices and may also minimize the chances of reoccurrence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi Medical School, Wuxi 214122, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Furqan Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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38
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Hussain MK, Singh DK, Singh A, Asad M, Ansari MI, Shameem M, Krishna S, Valicherla GR, Makadia V, Meena S, Deshmukh AL, Gayen JR, Imran Siddiqi M, Datta D, Hajela K, Banerjee D. A Novel Benzocoumarin-Stilbene Hybrid as a DNA ligase I inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in breast cancer models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10715. [PMID: 28878282 PMCID: PMC5587642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing cancer therapies are often associated with drug resistance and toxicity, which results in poor prognosis and recurrence of cancer. This necessitates the identification and development of novel therapeutics against existing as well as novel cellular targets. In this study, a novel class of Benzocoumarin-Stilbene hybrid molecules were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines followed by in vivo antitumor activity in a mouse model of cancer. The most promising molecule among the series, i.e. compound (E)-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (19) showed maximum antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and 4T1) and decreased the tumor size in the in-vivo 4T1 cell-induced orthotopic syngeneic mouse breast cancer model. The mechanistic studies of compound 19 by various biochemical, cell biology and biophysical approaches suggest that the compound binds to and inhibits the human DNA ligase I enzyme activity that might be the cause for significant reduction in tumor growth and may constitute a promising next-generation therapy against breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Kamil Hussain
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India.,Department of Chemistry Govt. Raza Post Graduate College, Rampur, 244901, India
| | | | - Akhilesh Singh
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohd Asad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohd Imran Ansari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shagun Krishna
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Vishal Makadia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raibarelly, India
| | - Sanjeev Meena
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Kanchan Hajela
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Carvalho-Cruz P, Alisson-Silva F, Todeschini AR, Dias WB. Cellular glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:481-491. [PMID: 28722313 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program reactivated by tumor cells that leads to the switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. During EMT, cells are transcriptionally regulated to decrease E-cadherin expression while expressing mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin, and N-cadherin. Growing body of evidences suggest that cells engaged in EMT undergo a metabolic reprograming process, redirecting glucose flux toward hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which fuels aberrant glycosylation patterns that are extensively observed in cancer cells. HBP depends on nutrient availability to produce its end product UDP-GlcNAc, and for this reason is considered a metabolic sensor pathway. UDP-GlcNAc is the substrate used for the synthesis of major types of glycosylation, including O-GlcNAc and cell surface glycans. In general, the rate limiting enzyme of HBP, GFAT, is overexpressed in many cancer types that present EMT features as well as aberrant glycosylation. Moreover, altered levels of O-GlcNAcylation can modulate cell morphology and favor EMT. In this review, we summarize some of the current knowledge that correlates glucose metabolism, aberrant glycosylation and hyper O-GlcNAcylation supported by HBP that leads to EMT activation. Developmental Dynamics 247:481-491, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carvalho-Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane R Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner B Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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40
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Díaz-Díaz A, Casas-Pais A, Calamia V, Castosa R, Martinez-Iglesias O, Roca-Lema D, Santamarina I, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Calvo L, Chantada V, Figueroa A. Proteomic Analysis of the E3 Ubiquitin-Ligase Hakai Highlights a Role in Plasticity of the Cytoskeleton Dynamics and in the Proteasome System. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2773-2788. [PMID: 28675930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma, the most common type of cancer, arises from epithelial cells. The transition from adenoma to carcinoma is associated with the loss of E-cadherin and, in consequence, the disruption of cell-cell contacts. E-cadherin is a tumor suppressor, and it is down-regulated during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); indeed, its loss is a predictor of poor prognosis. Hakai is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase protein that mediates E-cadherin ubiquitination, endocytosis and finally degradation, leading the alterations of cell-cell contacts. Although E-cadherin is the most established substrate for Hakai activity, other regulated molecular targets for Hakai may be involved in cancer cell plasticity during tumor progression. In this work we employed an iTRAQ approach to explore novel molecular pathways involved in Hakai-driven EMT during tumor progression. Our results show that Hakai may have an important influence on cytoskeleton-related proteins, extracellular exosome-associated proteins, RNA-related proteins and proteins involved in metabolism. Moreover, a profound decreased expression in several proteasome subunits during Hakai-driven EMT was highlighted. Since proteasome inhibitors are becoming increasingly used in cancer treatment, our findings suggest that the E3 ubiquitin-ligase, such as Hakai, may be a better target than proteasome for using novel specific inhibitors in tumor subtypes that follow EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Díaz
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Valentina Calamia
- Proteomics Group-ProteoRed PRB2/ISCIII, INIBIC-CHUAC, UDC , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Raquel Castosa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olaia Martinez-Iglesias
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Lema
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isabel Santamarina
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Valladares-Ayerbes
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Sevilla (IBIS) , 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lourdes Calvo
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Venancio Chantada
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC) , 15006 A Coruña, Spain
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Shirai K, Tanaka SI, Lovicu FJ, Saika S. The murine lens: A model to investigate in vivo epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:340-345. [PMID: 28480986 PMCID: PMC5836960 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) produces myofibroblasts that contribute to the formation of fibrotic tissue with an impairment of tissue homeostasis and functionality. The crystalline lens of the eye is a unique transparent and isolated tissue. The lens vesicle becomes isolated from the surface ectoderm, its cells are all contained as they line the inner surface of the lens capsule. Clinically the formation of fibrotic tissue by the lens epithelial cells causes a type of cataract or opacification and contraction of the lens capsule postcataract surgery. Production of EMT in the intact animal lens by using specific gene transfer to the lens or experimental lens injury has been shown to be a powerful tool to investigate EMT processes. It is not easy to uncover whether the origin of the myofibroblast is epithelial cell‐derived or from other cell lineages in fibrotic tissues. However, myofibroblasts that appear in the crystalline lens pathology are totally derived from the lens epithelial cells for the reasons mentioned above. Here, we report on different animal models of lens EMT, using either transgenic approaches or injury to study the biological aspects of EMT. Developmental Dynamics 247:340–345, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists Lens, Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Shirai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sai-Ichi Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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42
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Ning L, Li Z, Wei D, Chen H, Yang C. LncRNA, NEAT1 is a prognosis biomarker and regulates cancer progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 19:75-83. [PMID: 28269753 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dianjun Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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43
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Mahmood MQ, Ward C, Muller HK, Sohal SS, Walters EH. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a mutual association with airway disease. Med Oncol 2017; 34:45. [PMID: 28197929 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NSCLC is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It includes adeno- and squamous cell carcinoma. In the background, COPD and smoking play a vital role in development of NSCLC. Local progression and metastasis of NSCLC has been associated with various mechanisms, but in particular by a process called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is implicated in COPD pathogenesis. In this study, we have investigated whether expression of EGFR (activation marker) and S100A4, vimentin and N-cadherin (as EMT) is different both in central and leading edge of NSCLC and to what extent related to EMT activity of both small and large airways, stage and differentiation of NSCLC. We have investigated EMT biomarkers (S100A4, vimentin, and N-cadherin), an epithelial activation marker (EGFR) and a vascularity marker (Type-IV collagen) in surgically resected tissue from patients with NSCLC (adeno- and squamous cell carcinoma), and compared them with expression in the corresponding non-tumorous airways. EGFR, S100A4, vimentin, N-cadherin expression was higher in tumor cells located at the peripheral leading edge of NSCLC when compared with centrally located tumor cells of same subjects (P < 0.01). Type-IV collagen-expressing blood vessels were also more at the leading edge in comparison with central parts of NSCLC. EGFR and S100A4 expression was related to differentiation status (P < 0.05) and TNM stage (P < 0.05) of NSCLC. Moreover, EMT markers in the leading edge were significantly related to airway EMT activity, while peripheral edge vascularity of squamous cell carcinoma only was significantly related to large airway Rbm vascularity (P < 0.05). EGFR- and EMT-related protein expression was markedly high in the peripheral leading edge of NSCLCs and related to tumor characteristics associated with poor prognosis. The relationships between EMT-related tumor biomarker expression and those in the airway epithelium and Rbm provide a background for utility of airway changes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Quasir Mahmood
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, MS1, 17 Liverpool Street, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Chris Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Hans Konrad Muller
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, MS1, 17 Liverpool Street, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, MS1, 17 Liverpool Street, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
| | - Eugene Haydn Walters
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, MS1, 17 Liverpool Street, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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Fu H, Qi L, Chen L, He Y, Zhang N, Guo H. Expression of Ovol2 is related to epithelial characteristics and shows a favorable clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5963-5973. [PMID: 27729805 PMCID: PMC5047729 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis involves epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition. Ovol2 belongs to the Ovo-like family (Ovol) of evolutionarily conserved zinc-finger transcription factors that regulate gene expression in various differentiation processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that Ovols affect mesenchymal–epithelial transition by inducing the expression of miR-200 in a range of human cancers. Downregulated Ovol2 expression is involved in the invasion and metastasis of breast and prostate cancers, but little is known about its expression and prognostic value in other cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was designed to explore the clinical and prognostic significance of Ovol2 in patients with HCC. The expression of Ovol2 in tumor samples from patients with HCC and HCC cell lines was examined using Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of EMT-related markers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, were detected in relation to Ovol2 expression. The prognostic significance of Ovol2 in patients with HCC was statistically analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Ovol2 expression was significantly lower in HCC tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Low expression of Ovol2 was detected in HCC tissues with poor histological differentiation, microvascular invasion, and cirrhosis. A significant relationship was observed between Ovol2 and EMT marker expression levels. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that overall survival was significantly worse in patients with HCC with low Ovol2 expression, indicating that Ovol2 deletion was an independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis in patients with HCC. Elevated Ovol2 expression may suppress HCC cell invasion and metastasis via restricting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer
| | - Lisha Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer
| | - Yuchao He
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer
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45
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Wu CT, Lin WY, Chang YH, Lin PY, Chen WC, Chen MF. DNMT1-dependent suppression of microRNA424 regulates tumor progression in human bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24119-31. [PMID: 26090723 PMCID: PMC4695174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the role of miRNAs regulation by DNMT1 and its underlying mechanisms in bladder cancer. The choice of target miRNAs was based on the analysis of a TaqMan MicroRNA Panel assay. The role of target miRNA in tumor behavior and the related signaling pathways were assessed using the human bladder cancer cell lines. We also evaluated the predictive power of the target miRNA and its link to DNMT1 from 124 clinical bladder cancer specimens. Our results revealed that the miR-424 level is significantly increased when blocking DNMT1 in bladder cancer cells. From the clinical specimen analysis, the staining of miR-424 was inversely correlated with DNMT1 immunoreactivity. The lack of miR-424 expression was significantly linked to aggressive tumor growth, advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis in bladder cancer. Increased miR-424 suppressed the tumor growth rate and invasion ability determined in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the EGFR pathway plays a role in the transmission of the miR-424 signal that regulates cell growth and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These results highlight a potential role for miR-424 as a molecular predictor and therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Wu
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Puzi City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsu Chang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Paul-Yang Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Puzi City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Puzi City, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Fen Chen
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Puzi City, Taiwan
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Moustakas A, Heldin CH. Mechanisms of TGFβ-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5070063. [PMID: 27367735 PMCID: PMC4961994 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitory phenotypic changes such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) help embryonic cells to generate migratory descendants that populate new sites and establish the distinct tissues in the developing embryo. The mesenchymal descendants of diverse epithelia also participate in the wound healing response of adult tissues, and facilitate the progression of cancer. EMT can be induced by several extracellular cues in the microenvironment of a given epithelial tissue. One such cue, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), prominently induces EMT via a group of specific transcription factors. The potency of TGFβ is partly based on its ability to perform two parallel molecular functions, i.e. to induce the expression of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, which sequentially and in a complementary manner help to establish and maintain the EMT, and to mediate signaling crosstalk with other developmental signaling pathways, thus promoting changes in cell differentiation. The molecules that are activated by TGFβ signaling or act as cooperating partners of this pathway are impossible to exhaust within a single coherent and contemporary report. Here, we present selected examples to illustrate the key principles of the circuits that control EMT under the influence of TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ariumi Y. Guardian of the Human Genome: Host Defense Mechanisms against LINE-1 Retrotransposition. Front Chem 2016; 4:28. [PMID: 27446907 PMCID: PMC4924340 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed element type 1 (LINE-1, L1) is a mobile genetic element comprising about 17% of the human genome, encoding a newly identified ORF0 with unknown function, ORF1p with RNA-binding activity and ORF2p with endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities required for L1 retrotransposition. L1 utilizes an endonuclease (EN) to insert L1 cDNA into target DNA, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is activated by DSBs and subsequently the ATM-signaling pathway plays a role in regulating L1 retrotransposition. In addition, the host DNA repair machinery such as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway is also involved in L1 retrotransposition. On the other hand, L1 is an insertional mutagenic agent, which contributes to genetic change, genomic instability, and tumorigenesis. Indeed, high-throughput sequencing-based approaches identified numerous tumor-specific somatic L1 insertions in variety of cancers, such as colon cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In fact, L1 retrotransposition seems to be a potential factor to reduce the tumor suppressive property in HCC. Furthermore, recent study demonstrated that a specific viral-human chimeric transcript, HBx-L1, contributes to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC. In contrast, host cells have evolved several defense mechanisms protecting cells against retrotransposition including epigenetic regulation through DNA methylation and host defense factors, such as APOBEC3, MOV10, and SAMHD1, which restrict L1 mobility as a guardian of the human genome. In this review, I focus on somatic L1 insertions into the human genome in cancers and host defense mechanisms against deleterious L1 insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Ariumi
- Ariumi Project Laboratory, Center for AIDS Research and International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan
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Ichikawa T, Otani Y, Kurozumi K, Date I. Phenotypic Transition as a Survival Strategy of Glioma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2016; 56:387-95. [PMID: 27169497 PMCID: PMC4945597 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is characterized by rapid proliferation, invasion into surrounding central nervous system tissues, and aberrant vascularization. There is increasing evidence that shows gliomas are more complex than previously thought, as each tumor comprises considerable intratumoral heterogeneity with mixtures of genetically and phenotypically distinct subclones. Heterogeneity within and across tumors is recognized as a critical factor that limits therapeutic progress for malignant glioma. Recent genotyping and expression profiling of gliomas has allowed for the creation of classification schemes that assign tumors to subtypes based on similarity to defined expression signatures. Also, malignant gliomas frequently shift their biological features upon recurrence and progression. The ability of glioma cells to resist adverse conditions such as hypoxia and metabolic stress is necessary for sustained tumor growth and strongly influences tumor behaviors. In general, glioma cells are in one of two phenotypic categories: higher proliferative activity with angiogenesis, or higher migratory activity with attenuated proliferative ability. Further, they switch phenotypic categories depending on the situation. To date, a multidimensional approach has been employed to clarify the mechanisms of phenotypic shift of glioma. Various molecular and signaling pathways are involved in phenotypic shifts of glioma, possibly with crosstalk between them. In this review, we discuss molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity of glioma cells and mechanisms of phenotypic shifts in regard to the glioma proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie phenotypic shifts of glioma may provide new insights into targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotsugu Ichikawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Chang XW, Ma XX, Li J, Shen HX, Qiao ZT, Wan JH. Clinical analysis of 12 patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gallbladder. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2063-2069. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i13.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gallbladder.
METHODS: The clinical data of 12 patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gallbladder who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1994 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the data of 216 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was 1:3, and the mean age was 61.3 years ± 9.6 years. Of the 12 patients, the cases with abnormally high serum carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA-l99), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were 9, 7 and 1, respectively. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that the positive rates of cytokeratin (CK), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), AE1/AE3 and Vimentin were all 100% (12/12), and the positive rates of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and S-100 protein were 66.7% (8/12) and 50% (6/12), respectively. Eight (66.7%) patients had low-differentiation tumors, ten (83.3%) patients had lymphatic metastases, and nine (75%) patients had TNM stage Ⅳ, which were significantly higher than the percentages (26.4%, 34.3%, 23.1%) in patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). Three patients were treated by radical resection, while the other nine patients were treated by palliative surgery. The 1- and 2-year survival rates for the patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gallbladder were 9.7% and less than 1%, respectively. The median survival time was 155 days. In contrast, the 1-, 2-, and 3- year survival rates for the 216 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma were 48.5%, 35.4% and 24.9%, respectively, and the median survival time was 320 d.
CONCLUSION: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gallbladder occurs mainly in aged females. The clinical presentations are often non-specific, and the definite diagnosis depends on pathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gallbladder is characterized by high malignant potential, early lymphatic metastasis and rapid progression. The prognosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the gallbladder is poorer than gallbladder adenocarcinoma, while surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can prolong the survival time of these patients.
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50
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Park GS, Kim JH. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-leukotriene B4 receptor 2 cascade mediates lipopolysaccharide-potentiated invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5749-59. [PMID: 25691060 PMCID: PMC4467399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and local inflammatory mediators are inextricably linked to tumor progression through complex pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure to tumor cells has been suggested to promote tumor invasiveness and metastasis. However, the detailed signaling mechanism involved has not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that LPS upregulated the expression of leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2) and the synthesis of BLT2 ligands in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells, thereby promoting invasiveness. BLT2 depletion with siRNA clearly attenuated LPS-induced invasiveness. In addition, we demonstrated that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) lies upstream of BLT2 in LPS-potentiated invasiveness and that this ‘MyD88-BLT2’ cascade mediates activation of NF-κB and the synthesis of IL-6 and IL-8, which are critical for the invasiveness and aggression of breast cancer cells. LPS-driven metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells was also markedly suppressed by the inhibition of BLT2. Together, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that LPS potentiates the invasiveness and metastasis of breast cancer cells via a ‘MyD88-BLT2’-linked signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Soo Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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