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Dong Z, Jiang Y, Wang S, Xing J, Ding D, Zheng H, Wang H, Huang C, Yin D, Song Q, Zhao B, Hao J. Spatially and Temporally Differentiated NO x and VOCs Emission Abatement Could Effectively Gain O 3-Related Health Benefits. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38781138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The increasing level of O3 pollution in China significantly exacerbates the long-term O3 health damage, and an optimized health-oriented strategy for NOx and VOCs emission abatement is needed. Here, we developed an integrated evaluation and optimization system for the O3 control strategy by merging a response surface model for the O3-related mortality and an optimization module. Applying this system to the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), we evaluated driving factors for mortality changes from 2013 to 2017, quantified spatial and temporal O3-related mortality responses to precursor emission abatement, and optimized a health-oriented control strategy. Results indicate that insufficient NOx emission abatement combined with deficient VOCs control from 2013 to 2017 aggravated O3-related mortality, particularly during spring and autumn. Northern YRD should promote VOCs control due to higher VOC-limited characteristics, whereas fastening NOx emission abatement is more favorable in southern YRD. Moreover, promotion of NOx mitigation in late spring and summer and facilitating VOCs control in spring and autumn could further reduce O3-related mortality by nearly 10% compared to the control strategy without seasonal differences. These findings highlight that a spatially and temporally differentiated NOx and VOCs emission control strategy could gain more O3-related health benefits, offering valuable insights to regions with severe ozone pollution all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dian Ding
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dejia Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Hu W, Yang J. Effect of ambient ozone pollution on disease burden globally: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171739. [PMID: 38508259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient ozone pollution causes health loss and even death, and both are the main risk factors for the disease burden worldwide. We comprehensively evaluated the ozone pollution-related disease burden. METHODS First, numbers and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were assessed globally and by sub-types in 2019. Furthermore, the temporal trend of the disease burden was explored by the linear regression model from 1990 to 2019. The cluster analysis was used to evaluate the changing pattern of related disease burden across Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) regions. Finally, the age-period-cohort (APC) model and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model were used to predict the future disease burden in the next 25 years. RESULT Exposure to ozone pollution contributed to 365,222 deaths and 6,210,145 DALYs globally in 2019, which accounted for 0.65 % of deaths globally and 0.24 % of DALYs globally. The disease burden was consistently increasing with age. Males were high-risk populations and low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were high-risk areas. The disease burden of ozone pollution varied considerably across the GBD regions and the countries. In 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs cases increased by 76.11 % and 56.37 %, respectively compared to those in 1990. The predicted results showed that the number of deaths cases and DALYs cases for both genders would still increase from 2020 to 2044. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ambient ozone pollution has threatened public health globally. More proactive and effective strategic measures should be developed after considering global-specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Junnan Yang
- School of Public Health, BengBu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
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Zeydan Ö, Ülker U. Assessment of ground-level ozone pollution in Türkiye according to new WHO limits. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:549. [PMID: 38743179 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant and is attributable to respiratory diseases and mortality. For this reason, the World Health Organization (WHO) implemented a new long-term (peak season) limit value for ozone. The previous studies related to ozone in Türkiye were spatially limited to certain locations. In this study, annual mean and peak season ozone concentrations, and limit exceedances were investigated for Türkiye for the year 2021. Moreover, ozone peak seasons were determined for the first time for 126 air quality monitoring stations. The annual mean ozone concentration was determined as 44.3 ± 19.3 µg/m3 whereas the peak season average ozone level was 68.4 ± 27.2 µg/m3. April-September period was the most frequently observed ozone peak season. Among all stations, Erzurum Palandöken was by far the most polluted station in terms of annual mean and limit exceedances of ozone. Ankara Siteler stations have the highest rank in peak season mean. 87 and 83 stations exceeded the short-term and long-term recommendations of WHO, respectively. Four hotspot regions were revealed in terms of peak season exceedance: Adana and surrounding provinces, the surroundings of Burdur and Isparta provinces, and the northeastern and northwestern parts of Türkiye. To protect public health, WHO recommendations for 8-h and peak season limits should be immediately implemented in Turkish regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Zeydan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Türkiye.
| | - Uğur Ülker
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Türkiye
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Li L, Zhang W, Liu S, Wang W, Ji X, Zhao Y, Shima M, Yoda Y, Yang D, Huang J, Guo X, Deng F. Cardiorespiratory effects of indoor ozone exposure during sleep and the influencing factors: A prospective study among adults in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171561. [PMID: 38458472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ozone (O3) is recognized as a significant air pollutant with implications for cardiorespiratory health, yet the effects of indoor O3 exposure have received less consideration. Furthermore, while sleep occupies one-third of life, research on the health consequences of O3 exposure during this crucial period is scarce. This study aimed to investigate associations of indoor O3 during sleep with cardiorespiratory function and potential predisposing factors. A prospective study among 81 adults was conducted in Beijing, China. Repeated measurements of cardiorespiratory indices reflecting lung function, airway inflammation, cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, systemic inflammation, platelet and glucose were performed on each subject. Real-time concentrations of indoor O3 during sleep were monitored. Associations of O3 with cardiorespiratory indices were evaluated using linear mixed-effect model. Effect modification by baseline lifestyles (diet, physical activity, sleep-related factors) and psychological status (stress and depression) were investigated through interaction analysis. The average indoor O3 concentration during sleep was 20.3 μg/m3, which was well below current Chinese indoor air quality standard of 160 μg/m3. O3 was associated with most respiratory indicators of decreased airway function except airway inflammation; whereas the cardiovascular effects were only manifested in autonomic dysfunction and not in others. An interquartile range increases in O3 at 6-h average was associated with changes of -3.60 % (95 % CI: -6.19 %, -0.93 %) and -9.60 % (95 % CI: -14.53 %, -4.39 %) in FVC and FEF25-75, respectively. Further, stronger effects were noted among participants with specific dietary patterns, poorer sleep and higher level of depression. This study provides the first general population-based evidence that low-level exposure to indoor O3 during sleep has greater effects on the respiratory system than on the cardiovascular system. Our findings identify the respiratory system as an important target for indoor O3 exposure, and particularly highlight the need for greater awareness of indoor air quality, especially during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuezhao Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yetong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yoda
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Ai B, Zhang J, Zhang S, Chen G, Tian F, Chen L, Li H, Guo Y, Jerath A, Lin H, Zhang Z. Causal association between long-term exposure to air pollution and incident Parkinson's disease. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133944. [PMID: 38457975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence for long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD) is controversial, and analysis of causality is limited. We identified 293,888 participants who were free of PD at baseline in the UK Biobank (2006-2010). Time-varying air pollution [fine particulate (PM2.5) and ozone (O3)] exposures were estimated using spatio-temporal models. Incident cases of PD were identified using validated algorithms. Four methods were used to investigate the associations between air pollution and PD, including (1) standard time-varying Cox proportional-hazard model; (2) Cox models weighted by generalized propensity score (GPS) and inverse-probability weights (IPW); (3) instrumental variable (IV) analysis; and (4) negative control outcome analysis. During a median of 11.6 years of follow-up, 1822 incident PD cases were identified. Based on standard Cox regression, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for a 1 µg/m3 or ppb increase in PM2.5 and O3 were 1.23 (1.17, 1.30) and 1.02 (0.98, 1.05), respectively. Consistent results were found in models weighted by GPS and IPW, and in IV analysis. There were no significant associations between air pollution and negative control outcomes. This study provides evidence to support a causal association between PM2.5 exposure and PD. Mitigation of air pollution could be a protective measure against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhuo Ai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Angela Jerath
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang J, Ai B, Guo Y, Chen L, Chen G, Li H, Lin H, Zhang Z. Long-term exposure to ambient ozone and adult-onset asthma: A prospective cohort study. Environ Res 2024:118962. [PMID: 38642637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3) and adult-onset asthma (AOA) remains inconclusive, and analysis of causality is lacking. OBJECTIVES To examine the causal association between long-term O3 exposure and AOA. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 362,098 participants was conducted using the UK Biobank study. Incident cases of AOA were identified using health administrative data of the National Health Services. O3 exposure at participants' residential addresses was estimated by a spatio-temporal model. Instrumental variable (IV) modelling was used to analyze the causal association between O3 exposure and AOA, by incorporating wind speed and planetary boundary layer height as IVs into time-dependent Cox model. Negative control outcome (accidental injury) was also used to additionally evaluate unmeasured confounding. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 11.38 years, a total of 10,973 incident AOA cases were identified. A U-shaped concentration-response relationship was observed between O3 exposure and AOA in the traditional Cox models with HR of 0.917 (95% CI: 0.889, 0.946) for O3 at low levels (<38.17 ppb), and 1.198 (95% CI: 1.162, 1.236) for O3 at high levels (≥38.17 ppb). However, in the IV analysis we only found a statistically significant association between high-level O3 exposure and AOA risk, but not for low-level O3 exposure. No significant associations between O3 exposure and accidental injury were observed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential causal relationship between long-term exposure to high-level ambient O3 and increased risks of AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baozhuo Ai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Johnston RA, Pilkington AW, Atkins CL, Boots TE, Brown PL, Jackson WT, Spencer CY, Siddiqui SR, Haque IU. Inconsequential role for chemerin-like receptor 1 in the manifestation of ozone-induced lung pathophysiology in male mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16008. [PMID: 38631890 PMCID: PMC11023814 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We executed this study to determine if chemerin-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), a Gi/o protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes and non-leukocytes, contributes to the development of phenotypic features of non-atopic asthma, including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride, lung hyperpermeability, airway epithelial cell desquamation, and lung inflammation. Accordingly, we quantified sequelae of non-atopic asthma in wild-type mice and mice incapable of expressing CMKLR1 (CMKLR1-deficient mice) following cessation of acute inhalation exposure to either filtered room air (air) or ozone (O3), a criteria pollutant and non-atopic asthma stimulus. Following exposure to air, lung elastic recoil and airway responsiveness were greater while the quantity of adiponectin, a multi-functional adipocytokine, in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was lower in CMKLR1-deficient as compared to wild-type mice. Regardless of genotype, exposure to O3 caused AHR, lung hyperpermeability, airway epithelial cell desquamation, and lung inflammation. Nevertheless, except for minimal genotype-related effects on lung hyperpermeability and BAL adiponectin, we observed no other genotype-related differences following O3 exposure. In summary, we demonstrate that CMKLR1 limits the severity of innate airway responsiveness and lung elastic recoil but has a nominal effect on lung pathophysiology induced by acute exposure to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Johnston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionUnited States Department of Health and Human ServicesMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Albert W. Pilkington
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionUnited States Department of Health and Human ServicesMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Constance L. Atkins
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of PediatricsMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Theresa E. Boots
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionUnited States Department of Health and Human ServicesMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Philip L. Brown
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionUnited States Department of Health and Human ServicesMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - William T. Jackson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Chantal Y. Spencer
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Saad R. Siddiqui
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ikram U. Haque
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Division of Critical Care, Department of PediatricsSidra MedicineDohaQatar
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Liu J, He C, Si Y, Li B, Wu Q, Ni J, Zhao Y, Hu Q, Du S, Lu Z, Jin J, Xu C. Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM 2.5 and O 3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021. Glob Chall 2024; 8:2300258. [PMID: 38617028 PMCID: PMC11009431 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the high burden of disease caused by air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) on September 22, 2021. In this study, the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) data of 618 cities around the world is collected from 2019 to 2022. Based on the new AQG, the number of attainment days for daily average concentrations of PM2.5 (≤ 15 µg m-3) and O3 (≤ 100 µg m-3) is approximately 10% and 90%, respectively. China and India exhibit a decreasing trend in the number of highly polluted days (> 75 µg m-3) for PM. Every year over 68% and 27% of cities in the world are exposed to harmful PM2.5 (> 35 µg m-3) and O3 (> 100 µg m-3) pollution, respectively. Combined with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is found that more than 35% of the world's cities face PM2.5-O3 compound pollution. Furthermore, the exposure risks in these cities (China, India, etc.) are mainly categorized as "High Risk", "Risk", and "Stabilization". In contrast, economically developed cities are mainly categorized as "High Safety", "Safety", and "Deep Stabilization." These findings indicate that global implementation of the WHO's new AQG will minimize the inequitable exposure risk from air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Chao He
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Yajun Si
- College of Water Resources and Architectural EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Jinmian Ni
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Qixin Hu
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Shenwen Du
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in InformaticsThe University of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Jiming Jin
- College of Resources and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and EnvironmentYangtze UniversityWuhan430100China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Resource and EnvironmentXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi830052China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological ProcessesUrumqi830052China
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Bowman WS, Schmidt RJ, Sanghar GK, Thompson Iii GR, Ji H, Zeki AA, Haczku A. "Air That Once Was Breath" Part 1: Wildfire-Smoke-Induced Mechanisms of Airway Inflammation - "Climate Change, Allergy and Immunology" Special IAAI Article Collection: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2023. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38452750 DOI: 10.1159/000536578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfires are a global concern due to their wide-ranging environmental, economic, and public health impacts. Climate change contributes to an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires making smoke exposure a more significant and recurring health concern for individuals with airway diseases. Some of the most prominent effects of wildfire smoke exposure are asthma exacerbations and allergic airway sensitization. Likely due to the delayed recognition of its health impacts in comparison with cigarette smoke and industrial or traffic-related air pollution, research on the composition, the mechanisms of toxicity, and the cellular/molecular pathways involved is poor or non-existent. SUMMARY This review discusses potential underlying pathological mechanisms of wildfire-smoke-related allergic airway disease and asthma. We focused on major gaps in understanding the role of wildfire smoke composition in the development of airway disease and the known and potential mechanisms involving cellular and molecular players of oxidative injury at the epithelial barrier in airway inflammation. We examine how PM2.5, VOCs, O3, endotoxin, microbes, and toxic gases may affect oxidative stress and inflammation in the respiratory mucosal barrier. We discuss the role of AhR in mediating smoke's effects in alarmin release and IL-17A production and how glucocorticoid responsiveness may be impaired by IL-17A-induced signaling and epigenetic changes leading to steroid-resistant severe airway inflammation. KEY MESSAGE Effective mitigation of wildfire-smoke-related respiratory health effects would require comprehensive research efforts aimed at a better understanding of the immune regulatory effects of wildfire smoke in respiratory health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis S Bowman
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gursharan K Sanghar
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - George R Thompson Iii
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amir A Zeki
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Angela Haczku
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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10
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Lu W, Jiang C, Chen Y, Lu Z, Xu X, Zhu L, Xi H, Ye G, Yan C, Chen J, Zhang J, Zuo L, Huang Q. Altered metabolome and microbiome associated with compromised intestinal barrier induced hepatic lipid metabolic disorder in mice after subacute and subchronic ozone exposure. Environ Int 2024; 185:108559. [PMID: 38461778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ozone has been associated with metabolic disorders in humans, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the role of the gut-liver axis and the potential mechanism behind the metabolic disorder were investigated by histological examination, microbiome and metabolome approaches in mice during the subacute (4-week) and subchronic (12-week) exposure to 0.5 ppm and 2.5 ppm ozone. Ozone exposure resulted in slowed weight gain and reduced hepatic lipid contents in a dose-dependent manner. After exposure to ozone, the number of intestinal goblet cells decreased, while the number of tuft cells increased. Tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was significantly downregulated, and the apoptosis of epithelial cells increased with compensatory proliferation, indicating a compromised chemical and physical layer of the intestinal barrier. The hepatic and cecal metabolic profiles were altered, primarily related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. The abundance of Muribaculaceae increased dose-dependently in both colon and cecum, and was associated with the decrease of metabolites such as bile acids, betaine, and L-carnitine, which subsequently disrupted the intestinal barrier and lipid metabolism. Overall, this study found that subacute and subchronic exposure to ozone induced metabolic disorder via disturbing the gut-liver axis, especially the intestinal barrier. These findings provide new mechanistic understanding of the health risks associated with environmental ozone exposure and other oxidative stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Lu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chonggui Jiang
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for college students, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueli Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liting Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotong Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Li Zuo
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Laboratory for college students, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing 100190, China.
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11
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Jian Z, Cai J, Chen R, Niu Y, Kan H. A bibliometric analysis of research on the health impacts of ozone air pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16177-16187. [PMID: 38324150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) is one of the major air pollutants. A large body of literature has linked O3 air pollution to various adverse human health effects. The objective of this study is to attain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the progress and frontiers of research on O3 and human health. We used bibliometric methods to summarize publications on O3 air pollution and public health between 1990 and 2022 obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer and R software were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. A total of 4501 relevant papers were included in the analysis. There has been a significant increase in the number of publications since 2013, with the USA being the major contributor, followed by China and England. Harvard University was the most prolific research institution, followed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the University of North Carolina System. Professor Joel Schwartz was the most published author and has established a complex network of national and international collaborations. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords suggested evolving research hotspots, from toxicological studies to population-based epidemiological studies and from the respiratory system to the extra-pulmonary system. Research on O3 and its human health effects has progressed rapidly over the past few decades, but academic disparities still persist between developed and developing countries. There is an urgent need to strengthen international cooperation to address the public health challenges posed by rising O3 air pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Jian
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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12
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Liu Y, Tang G, Wang Y, Cheng M, Gao J, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal differences in tropospheric ozone sensitivity and the impact of "dual carbon" goal. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:422-425. [PMID: 38158288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengtian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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13
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Zhu Y, Chen R, Liu C, Niu Y, Meng X, Shi S, Yu K, Huang G, Xie L, Lin S, Huang M, Huang M, Chen S, Kan H, Liu F, Chu C. Short-term exposure to ozone may trigger the onset of Kawasaki disease: An individual-level, case-crossover study in East China. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140828. [PMID: 38040257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children aged under the age of 5. While environmental factors have been linked to the development of KD, the specific role of ozone (O3) pollution in triggering the disease onset remains uncertain. This study aimed to examine the associations between short-term O3 exposure and KD onset in children. Utilizing a satellite-based model with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km, we matched 1808 KD patients (out of a total of 6115 eligible individuals) to pre-onset ozone exposures based on their home addresses in East China between 2013 and 2020. Our findings revealed a significant association of O3 exposure with KD onset on the day of onset (lag 0 day). However, this association attenuated and became statistically insignificant on lag 1 and lag 2 days. Each interquartile range (52.32 μg/m3) increase in O3 concentration at lag 0 day was associated with a 16.2% (95% CI: 3.6%, 30.3%) increased risk of KD onset. The E-R curve for O3 exhibited a plateau at low concentrations and then increased rapidly at concentrations ≥75 μg/m3. Notably, these associations were stronger in male children, younger children (<2 years of age) and patients experiencing KD onset during the warm season. This study provides novel epidemiological evidence indicating that short-term O3 exposure is associated with an increased risk of childhood KD onset. These findings emphasized the importance of considering this environmental risk factor in KD prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Yu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Siyuan Lin
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Huang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Chen Chu
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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14
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Peng M, Zhang F, Yuan Y, Yang Z, Wang K, Wang Y, Tang Z, Zhang Y. Long-term ozone exposure and all-cause mortality: Cohort evidence in China and global heterogeneity by region. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115843. [PMID: 38141337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort evidence linking long-term ozone (O3) exposure to mortality remained largely mixed worldwide and was extensively deficient in densely-populated Asia. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of O3 exposure on all-cause mortality among Chinese adults, as well as to examine potential regional heterogeneity across the globe. METHODS A national dynamic cohort of 42153 adults aged 16+ years were recruited from 25 provinces across Chinese mainland and followed up during 2010-2018. Annual warm-season (April-September) O3 and year-round co-pollutants (i.e., nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and fine particulate matter [PM2.5]) were simulated through validated spatial-temporal prediction models and were assigned to each enrollee in each calendar year. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposures were employed to assess the O3-mortality association. Concentration-response (C-R) curves were fitted by natural cubic spline function to investigate the potential nonlinear association. Both single-pollutant model and co-pollutant models additionally adjusting for PM2.5 and/or NO2 were employed to examine the robustness of the estimated association. The random-effect meta-analysis was adopted to pool effect estimates from the current and prior population-based cohorts (n = 29), and pooled C-R curves were fitted through the meta-smoothing approach by regions. RESULTS The study population comprised of 42153 participants who contributed 258921.5 person-years at risk (median 6.4 years), of whom 2382 death events occurred during study period. Participants were exposed to an annual average of 51.4 ppb (range: 22.7-74.4 ppb) of warm-season O3 concentration. In the single-pollutant model, a significantly increased hazard ratio (HR) of 1.098 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.023-1.179) was associated with a 10-ppb rise in O3 exposure. Associations remained robust to additional adjustments of co-pollutants, with HRs of 1.099 (95% CI: 1.023-1.180) in bi-pollutant model (+PM2.5) and 1.093 (95% CI: 1.018-1.174) in tri-pollutant model (+PM2.5+NO2), respectively. A J-shaped C-R relationship was identified among Chinese general population, suggesting significant excess mortality risk at high ozone exposure only. The combined C-R curves from Asia (n = 4) and North America (n = 17) demonstrated an overall increased risk of all-cause mortality with O3 exposure, with pooled HRs of 1.124 (95% CI: 0.966-1.307) and 1.023 (95% CI: 1.007-1.039) per 10-ppb rise, respectively. Conversely, an opposite association was observed in Europe (n = 8, HR: 0.914 [95% CI: 0.860-0.972]), suggesting significant heterogeneity across regions (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study provided national evidence that high O3 exposure may curtail long-term survival of Chinese general population. Great between-region heterogeneity of pooled O3-mortality was identified across North America, Europe, and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Peng
- Department of Outpatient, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zhiming Yang
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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15
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Zhu Y, Ma Y, Tang L, Li H, Miao C, Cao H, Tian Y. The adverse impact of maternal ozone exposure on fetal growth in utero and the interaction with residential greenness. J Hazard Mater 2024; 461:132562. [PMID: 37729709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal ozone exposure on fetal growth during pregnancy, as well as the combined effect and interaction of ozone and residential greenness. We included a total of 14990 singleton pregnancies from the Fujian Birth Cohort Study. During pregnancy, fetal growth parameters including estimated fetal weight (EFW), femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), and abdominal circumference (AC). To investigate the associations between ozone exposure and the above-mentioned outcomes, generalized estimating equation approach and generalized linear regression were used, as appropriate. In the adjusted models, we observed that the Z scores of EFW (-0.031 (-0.048, -0.014)), FL (-0.021 (-0.038, -0.004)), and AC (-0.025 (-0.042, -0.007)) decreased with per interquartile range (IQR) increase of ozone concentration. Compared to participants with low ozone exposure and high NDVI, those with high ozone exposure and low NDVI experienced the largest decrease in Z scores for EFW (-0.049 (-0.079, -0.02)), FL (-0.034 (-0.063, -0.004)), HC (-0.034 (-0.065, -0.004)), and AC (-0.041 (-0.072, -0.01)), respectively. Interestingly, we discovered the effect modification of NDVI on the relationship between ozone exposure and fetal growth restriction (P for interaction < 0.05). This study established a negative relationship of maternal ozone exposure and fetal growth. Of importance, this study discovered the joint effect and interaction between ozone and residential greenness exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Zhu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Disease Research, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yudiyang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Linxi Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Disease Research, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chong Miao
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Disease Research, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Disease Research, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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16
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Dewan S, Bamola S, Lakhani A. Addressing ozone pollution to promote United Nations sustainable development goal 2: Ensuring global food security. Chemosphere 2024; 347:140693. [PMID: 37967682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving global food security and ensuring sustainable agriculture, the dual objectives of the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 2), necessitate immediate and collaborative efforts from developing and developed nations. The adverse effects of ozone on crop yields have the potential to significantly undermine the United Nations' ambitious target of attaining food security and ending hunger by 2030. This review examines the causes of growing tropospheric ozone, especially in India and China which lead to a substantial reduction in crop yield and forest biomass. The findings show that a nexus of high population, rapid urbanization and regional pollution sources aggravates the problem in these countries. It elucidates that when plants are exposed to ozone, specific cellular pathways are triggered, resulting in changes in the expression of genes related to hormone production, antioxidant metabolism, respiration, and photosynthesis. Assessing the risks associated with ozone exposure involves using response functions that link exposure-based and flux-based measurements to variables like crop yield. Precisely quantifying the losses in yield and economic value in food crops due to current ozone levels is of utmost importance in comprehending the risks ozone poses to global food security. We conclude that policymakers should focus on implementing measures to decrease the emissions of ozone precursors, such as enhancing vehicle fuel efficiency standards and promoting the use of cleaner energy sources. Additionally, efforts should be directed toward mapping or developing crop varieties that can tolerate ozone, applying protective measures at critical stages of plant growth and establishing ozone-related vegetation protection standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surat Dewan
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Simran Bamola
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Anita Lakhani
- Department of Chemistry, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India.
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17
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Bai Y, Liu M. Multi-scale spatiotemporal trends and corresponding disparities of PM 2.5 exposure in China. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122857. [PMID: 37925009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of targeted measures to mitigate air pollution, China-a developing country with high PM2.5 concentration and dense population, faces a high risk of PM2.5-related mortality. However, existing studies on long-term PM2.5 exposure in China have not reached a consensus as to which year it peaked during the "initially pollution, then mitigation" process. Furthermore, analyses in these studies were rarely undertaken from multi-spatial scales. In this study, a piecewise linear regression model was employed to detect the turning point of population-weighted exposure (PWE) to PM2.5 for the period 2000-2020. Multi-scale spatiotemporal patterns of PM2.5 exposure were evaluated during upward and downward periods at the province, city and county levels, and their corresponding disparities were estimated using the Gini index. The results showed that 2013 was the breakpoint year for PM2.5 PWE across China from 2000 to 2020. Cities and counties where PM2.5 PWE displayed increasing trends during the mitigation stage (2013-2020) basically became the heaviest PM2.5 exposure regions in 2020. High PM2.5 exposure was observed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Central China, and the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, whereas lower PM2.5 exposure regions were mainly concentrated in Hainan Province, the Hengduan Mountains, and northern Xinjiang. These cross-provincial patterns might have been overlooked when conducting macro-scale analyses. Province-level PM2.5 exposure inequality was less than the city- and county-levels estimations, and regional inequalities were high in eastern and western China. In this study, multi-scale PM2.5 exposure trends and their disparities over a prolonged period were investigated, and the findings provide a reference for pollution mitigation and regional inequality reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Menghang Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Xu F, Wu Q, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yan Z, Li H, Li J, An Z, Wu H, Song J, Wu W. High temperature exacerbates ozone-induced airway inflammation: Implication of airway microbiota and metabolites. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166795. [PMID: 37666337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to ozone (O3) has been associated with airway inflammation. Given that high temperature (HT) accelerates O3 production, it is of significance to determine whether co-exposure to HT exacerbates O3-induced airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the possible promotive effect of HT on O3-induced airway inflammation and underlying mechanisms. Forty-eight C57BL/6 N male mice were randomly divided into four groups: filtered air (control), O3, HT, and HT + O3 (co-exposure) groups. Mice in control and O3 groups were exposed to filtered air or 1 ppm O3 at 24 °C, respectively, while mice in HT and co-exposure groups were exposed to filtered air or 1 ppm O3 at 36 °C, respectively. The exposure scenario for four groups was 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were collected 24 h after the last exposure and subjected to examinations of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolic profiling. Lung tissues were processed for H&E histological staining. The results showed that O3 inhalation triggered oxidative stress and inflammation in the airways, which was worsen by co-exposure to HT. Further studies revealed that co-exposure to HT strengthened O3-induced decline in Firmicutes and Allobaculum in airways. Moreover, co-exposure to HT promoted O3-induced airway metabolic disorder. Spearman correlation analysis revealed correlations among microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic disorder, oxidative stress and inflammation induced by co-exposure to HT and O3. Taken together, HT exposure aggravates O3-induced airway oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly through modulation of microbiota and metabolism of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yishu Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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19
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Deng Y, Wang J, Sun L, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhao Z, Wang T, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, He M. Effects of Ambient O 3 on Respiratory Mortality, Especially the Combined Effects of PM 2.5 and O 3. Toxics 2023; 11:892. [PMID: 37999544 PMCID: PMC10675328 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the increasing concentration of ozone (O3) has emerged as a significant air pollution issue, leading to adverse effects on public health, particularly the respiratory system. Despite the progress made in managing air pollution in China, it is crucial to address the problem of environmental O3 pollution at present. METHODS The connection between O3 exposure and respiratory mortality in Shenyang, China, from 2014 to 2018 was analyzed by a time-series generalized additive regression model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression. Additionally, the potential combined effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and O3 were investigated using the synergy index (SI). RESULTS Our findings indicate that each 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 at lag 2 days was associated with a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.0150 (95% CI: 1.0098-1.0202) for respiratory mortality in the total population. For individuals aged ≥55 years, unmarried individuals, those engaged in indoor occupations, and those with low educational attainment, each 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 at lag 07 days was linked to RR values of 1.0301 (95% CI: 1.0187-1.0417), 1.0437 (95% CI: 1.0266-1.0610), 1.0317 (95% CI: 1.0186-1.0450), and 1.0346 (95% CI: 1.0222-1.0471), respectively. Importantly, we discovered a synergistic effect of PM2.5 and O3, resulting in an SI of 2.372 on the occurrence of respiratory mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed a positive association between O3 exposure and respiratory mortality. Furthermore, it highlighted the interaction between O3 and PM2.5 in exacerbating respiratory deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Deng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Junlong Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Li Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiaoyang Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Miao He
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Wei Y, Fei L, Wang Y, Zhang M, Chen Z, Guo H, Ge S, Zhu S, Dong P, Yang K, Xie N, Zhao G. A time-series analysis of short-term ambient ozone exposure and hospitalizations from acute myocardial infarction in Henan, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:93242-93254. [PMID: 37507564 PMCID: PMC10447277 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies in recent years have identified an association between exposure to air pollutants and acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, the association between short-term ozone (O3) exposure and AMI hospitalization remains unclear, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, this study collected information on 24,489 AMI patients, including daily air pollutant and meteorological data in Henan, China, between 2016 and 2021. A distributed lagged nonlinear model combined with a Poisson regression model was used to estimate the nonlinear lagged effect of O3 on AMI hospitalizations. We also quantified the effects of O3 on the number of AMI hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and hospitalization costs. The results showed that single- and dual-pollution models of O3 at lag0, lag1, and lag (01-07) were risk factors for AMI hospitalizations, with the most significant effect at lag03 (RR = 1.132, 95% CI:1.083-1.182). Further studies showed that males, younger people (15-64 years), warm seasons, and long sunshine duration were more susceptible to O3. Hospitalizations attributable to O3 during the study period accounted for 11.66% of the total hospitalizations, corresponding to 2856 patients, 33,492 hospital days, and 90 million RMB. Maintaining O3 at 10-130 µg/m3 can prevent hundreds of AMI hospitalizations and save millions of RMB per year in Henan, China. In conclusion, we found that short-term exposure to O3 was significantly associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for AMI in Henan, China, and that further reductions in ambient O3 levels may have substantial health and economic benefits for patients and local healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Lin Fei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Huige Guo
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Shiqi Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Pingshuan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanyang Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, 473009, China
| | - Na Xie
- The Cardiology Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China.
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China.
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21
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Zhang K, Chen R, Cai Z, Hou L, Li X, Xu X, Sun Y, Lu X, Jiang Q. The effect of ozone short-term exposure on flow-mediated dilation: Using data before and after COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163485. [PMID: 37068686 PMCID: PMC10105378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term ambient ozone exposure has been shown to have an adverse impact on endothelial function, contributing to major cardiovascular diseases and premature death. However, only limited studies have focused on the impact of short-term ozone exposure on Flow-mediated Dilation (FMD), and their results have been inconsistent. The current study aims to explore the relationship between short-term ambient ozone exposure and FMD. In addition, the study aims to investigate how lockdown measures for COVID-19 may influence ozone concentration in the atmosphere. METHODS Participants were recruited from a hospital in Shanghai from December 2020 to August 2022. Individuals' ozone exposure was determined using residential addresses. A distributed lag nonlinear model was adopted to assess the exposure-response relationship between short-term ozone exposure and FMD. A comparison was made between ambient ozone concentration and FMD data collected before and after Shanghai's lockdown in 2022. RESULTS When ozone concentration was between 150 and 200 μg/m3, there was a significant reduction in FMD with a 2-day lag. Elderly individuals (age ≥ 65), females, non-drinkers, and non-smokers were found to be more susceptible to high concentrations of ozone exposure. The lockdown did elevate ambient ozone concentration compared to the same period previously. INTERPRETATION This study proposes that an ambient ozone concentration of 150-200 μg/m3 is harmful to endothelial function, and that a reduction in human activity during lockdown increased the concentration, which in turn reduced FMD. However, the underlying mechanism requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Rukun Chen
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yishuai Sun
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Qixia Jiang
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
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22
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Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Hoshika Y, Haworth M, Tang Y, Koike T. Ethylenediurea protects against ozone phytotoxicity not by adding nitrogen or controlling stomata in a stomata-unresponsive hybrid poplar. Sci Total Environ 2023; 875:162672. [PMID: 36894106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is a persistent environmental issue worldwide, which causes widespread damage to vegetation, deteriorating plant health and reducing plant productivity. Ethylenediurea (EDU) is a synthetic chemical that has been widely applied in scientific studies as a protectant against O3 phytotoxicities. Despite four decades of active research, the exact mechanisms to explain its mode of action remain unclear. Here, we aimed to reveal whether EDU's phytoprotective property is due to its control over stomatal regulation and/or its action as a nitrogen (N) fertilizer, utilizing stomatal-unresponsive plants of a hybrid poplar (Populus koreana × trichocarpa cv. Peace) grown in a free-air O3-concenctration enrichment (FACE) facility. Plants were treated with water (WAT), EDU (400 mg L-1), or EDU's constitutive amount of N every nine days, and exposed to ambient (AOZ) or elevated (EOZ) O3 during a growing season (June-September). EOZ led to extensive foliar injuries (but protected against rust disease), lower photosynthetic rate (A), impaired dynamics of responses of A to changes in light intensity, and smaller total plant leaf area. EDU protected against common phytotoxicities caused by EOZ without inducing stomatal closure, since stomatal conductance (gs) was generally unresponsive to the experimental treatments. EDU also modulated the dynamic response of A to light fluctuations under O3 stress. N addition acted as a fertilizer but did not satisfactorily protect plants against O3 phytotoxicities. The results suggest that EDU protects against O3 phytotoxicity not by adding N or controlling stomata, which provides a new insight into our understanding of the mode of action of EDU as a protectant against O3 phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan; Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Sapporo 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matthew Haworth
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
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