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Sun Y, Liang J, Zhang Z, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Extraction, physicochemical properties, bioactivities and application of natural sweeteners: A review. Food Chem 2024; 457:140103. [PMID: 38905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Natural sweeteners generally refer to a sweet chemical component directly extracted from nature or obtained through appropriate modifications, mainly secondary metabolites of plants. Compared to the first-generation sweeteners represented by sucrose and the second-generation sweeteners represented by sodium cyclamate, natural sweeteners usually have high sweetness, low-calorie content, good solubility, high stability, and rarely toxic side effects. Historically, researchers mainly focus on the function of natural sweeteners as substitutes for sugars in the food industry. This paper reviews the bioactivities of several typical natural sweeteners, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-hyperglycemic activities. In addition, we have summarized the extraction, physicochemical properties, and application of natural sweeteners. The article aimed to comprehensively collate vital information about natural sweeteners and review the potentiality of tapping bioactive compounds from natural products. Hopefully, this review provides insights into the further development of natural sweeteners as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Braschi G, Njieukam JA, Gottardi D, Genovese J, Tylewicz U, Patrignani F, Rocculi P. Investigating the potential of yacon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius) juice in the development of organic apple-based snacks. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32342. [PMID: 38947460 PMCID: PMC11214497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) juice for the development of prebiotic-rich organic apple-based snacks. Yacon syrup, primarily composed of fructan, inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and free sugars, represents a promising nutraceutical product. Its great potential in food processing, particularly as an innovative source of prebiotics, has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo since it is fermented specifically by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Our objective was to explore the feasibility of employing vacuum impregnation process to incorporate yacon juice into organic apples, followed by hot air drying for the formulation of dried organic apple-based snacks with health-enhancing attributes. We assessed the prebiotic and physicochemical characteristics of the impregnated snacks, also considering 50 days of storage at room temperature. Vacuum impregnation and air drying produced dried apple slices impregnated with yacon juice with good quality and stability. Higher levels of fructan (16-fold difference compared to non-impregnated apples) in the apple slices increased their prebiotic potential, promoting the growth and viability of cells within simulated intestinal fluid, including strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB -12, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis DSM 20088, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus C112, even after prolonged storage. Remarkably, the physicochemical parameters of the impregnated and dried apple slices remained nearly constant and akin to the control samples. Therefore, the combination of vacuum impregnation and air drying has the potential to be used to produce enriched prebiotic organic apple snacks, providing consumers with additional health benefits, including enhanced gut health, with its associated implications, and increased satiety. This innovation could contribute to the development of health-promoting food products with improved nutritional profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Joel Armando Njieukam
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Jessica Genovese
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Urszula Tylewicz
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna: Campus of Food Science, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna: Campus of Food Science, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Pietro Rocculi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna: Campus of Food Science, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
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Gomes AF, Viana ML, Vaz-Tostes MDG, Costa NMB. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and kefir improved intestinal and bone health but without symbiotic benefits in rats. Nutr Res 2023; 118:85-93. [PMID: 37603903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Kefir is a natural source of probiotics, and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuberous root rich in fructooligosaccharides, with prebiotic properties. We hypothesized that kefir and yacon can improve bone and intestinal health and that their synbiotic effects will enhance these benefits. The properties of yacon and kefir and their association were evaluated in the intestinal and bone health in rats. Forty Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control (C), kefir (K), yacon (Y), and yacon + kefir (YK) and received an AIN-93 M diet containing 50% of the daily recommendation of calcium for 42 days. Group K received 1 mL/day of kefir containing 10⁸ CFU/mL; group Y received yacon flour (5% fructooligosaccharides); and the YK group received the same treatment as the Y and K groups. Urine and feces were collected to determine the calcium balance. Serum biomarkers of bone formation and resorption, osteocalcin, N telopeptides of collagen type I and C-telopeptide of collagen type I, intraluminal pH, intestinal permeability, and secretory immunoglobulin A were evaluated. Yacon reduced intraluminal pH alone or in association with kefir (groups Y and YK). Yacon also improved intestinal permeability (lowered lactulose and mannitol excretion) and increased calcium balance and osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation. In turn, K improved immunity by increasing secretory immunoglobulin A secretion and reducing bone resorption biomarkers (C-telopeptide of collagen type I and N telopeptides of collagen type I). Thus, yacon and kefir had beneficial effects on intestinal and bone health; however, the association between them did not demonstrate a synbiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamares Ferreira Gomes
- Food Science and Technology Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Food Science and Technology Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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Topolska K, Bienko M, Ptaszek P, Florkiewicz A, Radzki RP, Filipiak-Florkiewicz A. When Incorporated into Fruit Sorbet Matrix, Are the Fructans in Natural Raw Materials More Beneficial for Bone Health than Commercial Formulation Added Alone? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091134. [PMID: 35565561 PMCID: PMC9101039 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the extent to which fructans from various sources and added in various forms (raw materials in diet alone or incorporated into a strawberry matrix) differ in their effectiveness towards selected parameters related to bone health under calcium hypoalimentation in growing female Wistar rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of selected parameters involved in calcium metabolism, in response to a 12-week restriction of Ca intake: serum ions (Ca, Mg, P); the activity of alkaline phosphatase—using a BS 120 analyzer; the markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin, CTX; using a Rat-MidTMOsteocalcinEIA Kit and RatLapsTMEIA, respectively); and the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), using a Norland Excell Plus Densitometer. Among the examined markers, the CTX concentration increased dramatically under calcium hypoalimentation. The presence of Jerusalem artichoke (independently of the form of addition) and yacon root powder (with strawberry sorbet matrix) in the rats’ diet led to a significantly lower CTX concentration than was observed in the low-calcium control group. The type of fructan influenced the bone mass content. When fructan was added to the low-calcium diet as an ingredient of sorbet, it exerted more pronounced effects on the biochemical parameters of bone metabolism than when added alone, in the growing-female-rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Topolska
- Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-6624832
| | - Marek Bienko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Paweł Ptaszek
- Department of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Adam Florkiewicz
- Department of Food Analysis and Quality Assessment, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Radoslaw P. Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Filipiak-Florkiewicz
- Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;
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Zhao Y, Bi J, Yi J, Peng J, Ma Q. Dose-dependent effects of apple pectin on alleviating high fat-induced obesity modulated by gut microbiota and SCFAs. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mukonowenzou NC, Adeshina KA, Donaldson J, Ibrahim KG, Usman D, Erlwanger KH. Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Their Impacts on the Maturation of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684464. [PMID: 34393812 PMCID: PMC8363294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the first point of contact for ingested substances and thus represents a direct interface with the external environment. Apart from food processing, this interface plays a significant role in immunity and contributes to the wellbeing of individuals through the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The transition of life from the in utero environment, to suckling and subsequent weaning has to be matched by phased development and maturation of the GIT; from an amniotic fluid occupancy during gestation, to the milk in the suckling state and ultimately solid food ingestion at weaning. This phased maturation of the GIT can be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including diet. Despite the increasing dietary inclusion of medicinal plants and phytochemicals for health benefits, a dearth of studies addresses their impact on gut maturation. In this review we focus on some recent findings mainly on the positive impact of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in inducing precocious maturation of the GIT, not only in humans but in pertinent animals. We also discuss Paneth cells as mediators and potential markers of GIT maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Janine Donaldson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dawoud Usman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy Honey Erlwanger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Zhao Y, Zhao CL, Yang X, Chi H, Dai P, Desneux N, Benelli G, Zang LS. Yacon as an alternative host plant for Encarsia formosa mass-rearing: validating a multinomial theorem for bootstrap technique in life table research. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2324-2336. [PMID: 33423378 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a broadleaf host plant suitable for rearing the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Here, the possibility of using yacon as an alternative host plant for production of the parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan, one of the most important natural enemies of whiteflies, was explored. Data on the demographic characteristics, parasitism rate, and host-feeding rate were collected and analyzed using the TWOSEX-MSChart, CONSUME-MSChart, and TIMING-MSChart computer programs, and then contrasted with comparable data from the more commonly utilized host plant, tobacco. RESULTS Higher fecundity (F) (190.13 eggs/female) and more oviposition days (Od ) (16.60 days) were observed in E. formosa when yacon was used as the host plant for rearing T. vaporariorum, compared with when tobacco was used (F = 150.13 eggs/female, Od = 15.27 days). The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0 ) were significantly higher in E. formosa parasitizing T. vaporariorum reared on yacon compared with those parasitizing tobacco-reared T. vaporariorum. Furthermore, the net host-feeding rate (C0 = 40.87 prey/parasitoid), net killing rate (Z0 = 239.73 prey/parasitoid), and finite killing rate ( υ = 0.2560/day) for E. formosa on yacon-reared whiteflies were significantly higher than those from tobacco-reared whiteflies. CONCLUSION Our results showed that yacon is more suitable than tobacco as a host plant for mass-rearing E. formosa for biological control programs to manage whiteflies. An innovative application of the multinomial theorem for calculating the exact probability of bootstrap samples in life table research was also introduced. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | - Hsin Chi
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Peng Dai
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Martino HSD, Kolba N, Tako E. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour soluble extract improve intestinal bacterial populations, brush border membrane functionality and morphology in vivo (Gallus gallus). Food Res Int 2020; 137:109705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mendoza-Ávila M, Gutiérrez-Cortez E, Quintero-García M, Real AD, Rivera-Muñoz EM, Ibarra-Alvarado C, Rubio E, Jiménez-Mendoza D, Rojas-Molina I. Calcium Bioavailability in the Soluble and Insoluble Fibers Extracted from Opuntia ficus indica at Different Maturity Stages in Growing Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113250. [PMID: 33114068 PMCID: PMC7690665 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages of life for bone health. Therefore, an adequate calcium intake and a healthy life style constitute the main strategies to prevent the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures during adulthood. It has been demonstrated that inclusion of indigestible carbohydrates in foods can help improve calcium absorption in growing stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers extracted from O. ficus indica cladodes on calcium bioavailability. Male Wistar rats 4-week old were fed diets added with soluble and insoluble fibers extracted from O. ficus indica cladodes at early and late maturity stages, as the only source of calcium. The mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD), physical, microstructural, and biomechanical properties of rat femurs were determined. The bones of rats fed with diets containing a soluble fiber extracted from O. ficus indica at early and late maturity stages exhibited better bone properties (resistance to fracture, microarchitecture, and calcium content) than control rats and rats fed with an insoluble fiber from O. ficusindica cladodes at both maturity stages. As expected, based on these results, the BMD values were higher in adolescent and pubertal rats fed with a diet containing the O. ficus indica soluble fiber. These results demonstrate that the soluble fiber from O. ficus indica cladodes is indeed a valuable source of bioavailable calcium, which contributes to improve physical, densitometric, biomechanical, and microstructural properties of bone in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monsserrat Mendoza-Ávila
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla C.P. 76230, Querétaro, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro C.P. 76010, Mexico; (M.Q.-G.); (C.I.-A.)
| | - Elsa Gutiérrez-Cortez
- Laboratorio de Procesos de Transformación y Tecnologías Emergentes en Alimentos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán–Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli C.P. 54714, Mexico;
| | - Michelle Quintero-García
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro C.P. 76010, Mexico; (M.Q.-G.); (C.I.-A.)
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro C.P. 76010, Mexico
| | - Alicia Del Real
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Jurqiuilla C.P. 7600, Querétaro, Mexico; (A.D.R.); (E.M.R.-M.)
| | - Eric M. Rivera-Muñoz
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Jurqiuilla C.P. 7600, Querétaro, Mexico; (A.D.R.); (E.M.R.-M.)
| | - César Ibarra-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro C.P. 76010, Mexico; (M.Q.-G.); (C.I.-A.)
| | - Efraín Rubio
- Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Centro Universitario, Col. San Manuel S/N, Puebla C.P. 72540, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Jiménez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, Lomas del Bosque 103, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León C.P. 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico;
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ITS de Purísima del Rincón. Blvd. Del Valle 2301, Col. Guardarrayas, Purísima del Rincón, Purísima del Rincón Guanajuato C.P. 36413, Mexico
| | - Isela Rojas-Molina
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro C.P. 76010, Mexico; (M.Q.-G.); (C.I.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-442-1921200 (ext. 5529); Fax: +52-442-1921302
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Mejía‐Águila RA, Aguilar‐Galvez A, Chirinos R, Pedreschi R, Campos D. Vacuum impregnation of apple slices with Yacon (
Smallanthus sonchifolius
Poepp. & Endl) fructooligosaccharides to enhance the functional properties of the fruit snack. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reina A. Mejía‐Águila
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Avda. La Molina S/N La Molina 12056 Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Aguilar‐Galvez
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Avda. La Molina S/N La Molina 12056 Lima, Peru
| | - Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Avda. La Molina S/N La Molina 12056 Lima, Peru
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma Quillota Chile
| | - David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Avda. La Molina S/N La Molina 12056 Lima, Peru
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Yamamoto Y, Morozumi T, Takahashi T, Saruta J, To M, Sakaguchi W, Shimizu T, Kubota N, Tsukinoki K. Faster Short-Chain Fatty Acid Absorption from the Cecum Following Polydextrose Ingestion Increases the Salivary Immunoglobulin A Flow Rate in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061745. [PMID: 32545166 PMCID: PMC7353249 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a vital role in preventing upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). In our previous study, we showed that the intake of carbohydrates increases the intestinal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn increase salivary IgA levels. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated in rats the effect of polydextrose (PDX) ingestion on salivary IgA level and SCFA concentration in cecal digesta and the portal vein. Five-week-old rats were fed with a fiber-free diet (control) or with 40 g/kg of PDX for 28 days. Compared to the control, ingestion of PDX led to a higher salivary IgA flow rate (p = 0.0013) and a higher concentration of SCFAs in the portal vein (p = 0.004). These two data were positively correlated (rs = 0.88, p = 0.0002, n = 12). In contrast, the concentration of SCFAs in cecal digesta and cecal digesta viscosity were significantly lower following PDX ingestion, compared to the control (p = 0.008 and 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that the ingestion of PDX increases the absorption rate of SCFAs in the intestine through PDX-induced fermentation, which is accompanied by an increase in SCFA levels in the blood, and ultimately leads to increased salivary IgA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Junior College, School of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Health, Kanazawa Gakuin University, 10 Sue-machi, Kanazawa 9201392, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Juri Saruta
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Masahiro To
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Wakako Sakaguchi
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 2210835, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Nobuhisa Kubota
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (J.S.); (W.S.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-46-822-8866
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12
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Viell FLG, Tonon GC, Perinoto LC, Braga ML, Fuchs RHB, Gomes STM, Bona E, Matsushita M. Sensory characterization of gluten‐free bread enriched with teff (
Eragrostis tef
(Zucc.) Trotter) and yacon (
Smallanthus sonchifolius
) using flash profile and common dimension analysis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Leila Giopato Viell
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science Department of Food Science State University of Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR) Campo Mourão Brazil
| | - Giovana Caroline Tonon
- Department of Food Technology Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR) Campo Mourão Brazil
| | - Larissa Caroline Perinoto
- Department of Food Technology Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR) Campo Mourão Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima Braga
- Postgraduate Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR) Campo Mourão Brazil
| | | | | | - Evandro Bona
- Postgraduate Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR) Campo Mourão Brazil
| | - Makoto Matsushita
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science Department of Food Science State University of Maringá (UEM) Maringá Brazil
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13
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Yan MR, Welch R, Rush EC, Xiang X, Wang X. A Sustainable Wholesome Foodstuff; Health Effects and Potential Dietotherapy Applications of Yacon. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112632. [PMID: 31684122 PMCID: PMC6893727 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A sustainable food supply is an ever-growing public and planetary health concern influenced by food culture, food practices, and dietary patterns. Globally, the consumption of plant foods that offer physiological and biochemical benefits is increasing. In recent years, products made from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tubers and leaves, e.g., in the form of syrup, powder, and herbal tea, have steadily emerged with scientific evidence to validate their possible health claims. Yacon was introduced to New Zealand in 1966, and its products can now be produced on a commercial scale. This paper reviews literature published mainly in the last 10 years concerning the health-related properties of yacon as a wholesome foodstuff and its bioactive components, e.g., fructooligosaccharides. Literature was sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO Health, and Google Scholar up to June 2019. The potential markets for yacon in the field of food technology and new dietotherapy applications are discussed. Furthermore, the unique features of New Zealand-produced yacon syrup are introduced as a case study. The paper explores the scientific foundation in response to the growing public interest in why and how to use yacon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Yan
- AUT Food Network, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
- Community and Social Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 1025, New Zealand.
| | - Robert Welch
- Yacon New Zealand Ltd., Auckland 1051, New Zealand.
| | - Elaine C Rush
- AUT Food Network, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Xuesong Xiang
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, China CDC, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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14
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Pansai N, Chakree K, Takahashi Yupanqui C, Raungrut P, Yanyiam N, Wichienchot S. Gut microbiota modulation and immune boosting properties of prebiotic dragon fruit oligosaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Pansai
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Korawan Chakree
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Pritsana Raungrut
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Niracha Yanyiam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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15
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Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)-based product increases fecal short-chain fatty acids and enhances regulatory T cells by downregulating RORγt in the colon of BALB/c mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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16
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Metabolic effects of goat milk yogurt supplemented with yacon flour in rats on high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Topolska K, Radzki RP, Filipiak-Florkiewicz A, Florkiewicz A, Leszczyńska T, Cieślik E. Fructan-Enriched Diet Increases Bone Quality in Female Growing Rats at Calcium Deficiency. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:172-179. [PMID: 29748870 PMCID: PMC6096893 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of feeding female rats with low-calcium diet containing one of three fructan sources (Jerusalem artichoke, yacon, Beneo Orafti Synergy1), on selected bone parameters. Growing Wistar rats were fed modified AIN-93 G diet enriched in fructan sources (8%), added alone or as a strawberry sorbet ingredient. Two of eight groups were a validation model, where the positive control group was fed with recommended calcium dose in the diet (RCD), and negative one - with low calcium diet (LCD). After 12 weeks, femoral Ca content, bone densitometry, architecture and hardness were examined. The positive effects on femoral Ca content and cortical thickness, area and content in distal part of bone was observed after feeding animals diet enriched in Jerusalem artichoke sorbet. Beneficial action on other bone tomographic parameters (particularly trabecular volumetric bone mineral density) in this part of femur were associated mainly with the consumption of the diet with sorbet containing yacon. Our results showed an important role of diet containing frozen strawberry desserts enriched in fructan sources in the maintenance of healthy bones of growing organism. It may suggest possible synergisms between fructans and bioactive substances of strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Topolska
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Radosław Piotr Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Filipiak-Florkiewicz
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Florkiewicz
- Department of Food Analysis and Quality Assessment, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Cieślik
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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18
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Cao Y, Ma ZF, Zhang H, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Hayford F. Phytochemical Properties and Nutrigenomic Implications of Yacon as a Potential Source of Prebiotic: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Foods 2018; 7:E59. [PMID: 29649123 PMCID: PMC5920424 DOI: 10.3390/foods7040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is densely populated with diverse microbial communities that are essential to health. Prebiotics and fiber have been shown to possess the ability to modulate the gut microbiota. One of the plants being considered as a potential source of prebiotic is yacon. Yacon is an underutilized plant consumed as a traditional root-based fruit in South America. Yacon mainly contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. Therefore, it has bifidogenic benefits for gut health, because FOS are not easily broken down by digestive enzymes. Bioactive chemical compounds and extracts isolated from yacon have been studied for their various nutrigenomic properties, including as a prebiotic for intestinal health and their antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. This article reviewed scientific studies regarding the bioactive chemical compounds and nutrigenomic properties of extracts and isolated compounds from yacon. These findings may help in further research to investigate yacon-based nutritional products. Yacon can be considered a potential prebiotic source and a novel functional food. However, more detailed epidemiological, animal, and human clinical studies, particularly mechanism-based and phytopharmacological studies, are lacking for the development of evidence-based functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Health Promotion, Pudong Maternal and Child Health Care Institution, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 15200, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Yifan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Division of Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK.
| | - Frank Hayford
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 25, Ghana.
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19
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Campos D, Chirinos R, Gálvez Ranilla L, Pedreschi R. Bioactive Potential of Andean Fruits, Seeds, and Tubers. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 84:287-343. [PMID: 29555072 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Andes is considered the longest continental mountain range in the world. It covers 7000km long and about 200-700km wide and an average height of about 4000m. Very unique plant species are endemic of this area including fruits (e.g., lucuma, cherimoya, sweet pepino, sauco), roots and tubers (potatoes, sweet potatoes, yacón, chicuru, mashua, olluco, etc.), and seeds (quinoa, amaranth, tarwi, etc.). These crops have been used for centuries by the native population and relatively recently have gained the world attention due to the wide range of nutrients and/or phytochemicals they possess. In this chapter, main Andean fruits, seeds, and roots and tubers have been selected and detailed nutritional and functional information is provided. In addition, traditional and current uses are provided and their bioactive potential is reported based on published scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campos
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Universidad Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosana Chirinos
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Universidad Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Romina Pedreschi
- School of Agronomy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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20
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Grancieri M, Costa NMB, Vaz Tostes MDG, de Oliveira DS, Nunes LDC, Marcon LDN, Veridiano TA, Viana ML. Yacon flour (Smallanthus sonchifolius) attenuates intestinal morbidity in rats with colon cancer. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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21
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Saeed M, Yatao X, Ur Rehman Z, Asif Arain M, Nawaz Soom R, Abd El-Hac ME, Ahmed Bhut Z, Abbasi B, Dhama K, Sarwar M, Chao S. Nutritional and Healthical Aspects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) for Human, Animals and Poultry. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.361.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Leone RDS, de Andrade EF, Ellendersen LN, Tais da Cunha A, Chupel Martins AM, Granato D, Masson ML. Evaluation of dried yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as an efficient probiotic carrier of Lactobacillus casei LC-01. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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MARTINS JDFL, RAFAEL VDC, FILOMENA EA, RODRIGUES FC, SARTORI SSR, FERREIRA CLDLF. Produto a base de yacon e modulação da microbiota, perfil de ácidos graxo e lipídico em ratas ovariectomizadas. REV NUTR 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652016000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Este trabalho avaliou a modulação da microbiota gastrointestinal, do perfil de ácidos orgânicos e de lipídeos em ratas Wistar ovariectomizadas, sendo que algumas receberam dieta suplementada com 6% de fruto-oligossacarídeos e inulina, a partir do produto a base de yacon, e outras não. Métodos: Analisou-se o peso do ceco, pH e ácidos orgânicos, microbiota do conteúdo cecal, colesterol total e frações. Resultados: No grupo que recebeu a dieta suplementada durante todo o experimento ocorreu modulação benéfica da microbiota intestinal em função da fermentação dos fruto-oligossacarídeos/inulina, bem como aumento do perfil de lactato (p<0,05) e do nível de lipoproteina alta densidade (p<0,05). Conclusão: Isso sugere que o hábito de consumo contínuo do yacon tem potencial para modular a microbiota intestinal, o perfil de ácidos orgânicos e para diminuir as dislipidemias.
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24
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Campos D, Aguilar-Galvez A, Pedreschi R. Stability of fructooligosaccharides, sugars and colour of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius
) roots during blanching and drying. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT); Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - UNALM; Av. La Molina s/n Lima Peru
| | - Ana Aguilar-Galvez
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT); Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - UNALM; Av. La Molina s/n Lima Peru
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Escuela de Agronomía; Calle San Francisco s/n La Palma Chile
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25
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da Silva Almeida AP, Avi CM, Barbisan LF, de Moura NA, Caetano BFR, Romualdo GR, Sivieri K. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 reduce the early phases of colon carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. Food Res Int 2015; 74:48-54. [PMID: 28412002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The modifying effects of aqueous yacon extract (AYE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 against colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in male Wistar rats were investigated. Animals were allocated into five groups: G1: untreated group; G2: DMH-treated group; G3: DMH+L. acidophilus-treated group; G4: DMH+AYE-treated group; G5: DMH+L. acidophilus and AYE-treated group. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in leukocyte DNA damage and in colonic cell proliferation was observed after the first DMH administration in G3 (probiotic), G4 (prebiotic) and G5 (synbiotic) groups. In this moment, a significant increase (p<0.05) in colonic apoptosis was also observed in G3 (probiotic) and G5 (synbiotic) groups. In special, at five months after DMH administrations, a significant reduction (p<0.05) in ACF development was observed in G3 (probiotic), G4 (prebiotic) and G5 (synbiotic) groups. Incidence of colon tumors was lower at five months in G4 (prebiotic) and G5 (synbiotic) groups but not in eight months after DMH administrations. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the oral treatments have potential effects as a chemopreventive agent against colon carcinogenesis on an early stage of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula da Silva Almeida
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, UNESP - UnivEstadual Paulista Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla Martins Avi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, UNESP - UnivEstadual Paulista Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelci Antunes de Moura
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia Sivieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, UNESP - UnivEstadual Paulista Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Jimenez ME, Rossi A, Sammán N. Health properties of oca (Oxalis tuberosa) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Food Funct 2015; 6:3266-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Andean roots and tubers are underexploited crops; many contain compounds beneficial to health, so a greater knowledge of their properties is important for encouraging their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Jimenez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO)
- CONICET-UNT
- and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- T4000ILI – San Miguel de Tucumán
| | - Analia Rossi
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO)
- CONICET-UNT
- and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- T4000ILI – San Miguel de Tucumán
| | - Norma Sammán
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO)
- CONICET-UNT
- and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”
- Facultad de Bioquímica
- T4000ILI – San Miguel de Tucumán
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27
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Fructo-oligosaccharides and iron bioavailability in anaemic rats: the effects on iron species distribution, ferroportin-1 expression, crypt bifurcation and crypt cell proliferation in the caecum. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1286-95. [PMID: 25192308 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the bioavailability of Fe from ferric pyrophosphate (FP), a water-insoluble compound, in Fe-deficient anaemic rats that were subjected to a Hb repletion assay. Male Wistar rats (n 64) were fed adequate or low (8 mg/kg) Fe diets for 15 d followed by 1 or 2 weeks of Fe repletion with diets providing 35 mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulphate (FS), FP or FP that was mixed with 7·5% FOS in the form of yacon flour or Raftilose P95 (RAF), a purified source of FOS. The effects of FOS were observed within the 1st week of the repletion period. Fe bioavailability was improved by FOS supplementation, as measured by Hb regeneration efficiency and hepatic Fe stores, which were more pronounced in the RAF group. Moreover, RAF supplementation resulted in a higher biological value relative to that of the FP group. FOS supplementation resulted in caecal enlargement, in addition to acidification and Fe species redistribution in the caecal contents relative to the control rats. These effects occurred concomitantly with decreased ferroportin (FPN)-1 expression in the caecal mucosa, which was similar in magnitude to that observed in the FS group. Caecum mucosal morphometry was influenced by FOS supplementation, whereas crypt fission and cell proliferation were highest in the caecum of the RAF group. These results reinforce the effects of FOS as Fe bioavailability enhancers in anaemic rats that are sustained by early changes in their caecal environment (decreased mucosal FPN-1 expression and increased Fe absorbability, crypt fission and cellularity).
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28
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de Almeida Paula HA, Abranches MV, de Luces Fortes Ferreira CL. Yacon (Smallanthus Sonchifolius): A Food with Multiple Functions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:32-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.645259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Enes BN, Alves NEG, Valdés ST, Silveira CMM, Costa NMB, Ribeiro SMR, Pires ST, Martino HSD. Evaluation of iron bioavailability in a mixture of cereals, seeds, and grains ("Human Ration"). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612014005000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Dangarembizi R, Erlwanger KH, Chivandi E. Effects of Ficus thonningii extracts on the gastrointestinal tract and clinical biochemistry of suckling rats. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2014; 11:285-91. [PMID: 25435610 PMCID: PMC4202634 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ficus thonningii is commonly used in traditional medicine across the African continent. We investigated the effects of crude Ficus thonningii extracts on growth, morphology and morphometry of the abdominal viscera and clinical biochemistry of neonatal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty, 6-day old Sprague Dawley rat pups were orally gavaged once daily with either low (50 mg.kg(-1) b.w) or high (500 mg.kg(-1) b.w) doses of aqueous or methanolic F. thonningii leaf extracts while the control received distilled water. After 7 days of treatment, the pups were euthanased and gross morphometric measurements of the abdominal visceral organs were recorded. Samples of the liver, caecum and proximal small intestine were processed for histology. Plasma biochemical parameters were analysed colorimetrically. RESULTS High methanolic doses of F. thonningii extracts exhibited trophic effects on the stomach while both aqueous and methanolic extracts had trophic effects on the ceacal mucosa of rats. No significant growth-promoting effects were observed in other visceral organs. Histological analysis revealed no mucosal damage or necrosis. Clinical biochemistry parameters were not abnormally altered. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05, ANOVA) in the plasma concentration of non-fasting glucose in the high methanolic group but triglycerides and cholesterol were unaltered. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that at low doses, F. thonningii extracts can be safely used without the risk of any disruption in the structural integrity of the neonatal rat GIT and function of the liver and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dangarembizi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa ; Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - K H Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E Chivandi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Sant’Anna MDSL, Ferreira CLDLF. Can Intestinal Constipation Be Modulated by Prebiotics, Probiotics and Symbiotics? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.512120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vaz-Tostes MDG, Viana ML, Grancieri M, Luz TCDS, Paula HD, Pedrosa RG, Costa NMB. Yacon effects in immune response and nutritional status of iron and zinc in preschool children. Nutrition 2013; 30:666-72. [PMID: 24631386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yacon flour on iron and zinc nutritional status and immune response biomarkers in preschool children. METHODS Preschool children ages 2 to 5 y were selected from two nurseries and were placed into a control group (n = 58) or a yacon group (n = 59). The yacon group received yacon flour in preparations for 18 wk at a quantity to provide 0.14 g of fructooligosaccharides/kg of body weight daily. Anthropometric parameters were measured before and after the intervention and dietary intake was measured during the intervention. To assess iron and zinc status, erythrograms, serum iron, ferritin, and plasma, and erythrocyte zinc were evaluated. Systemic immune response was assessed by the biomarkers interleukin IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α). Intestinal immune response was analyzed by secretory IgA (sIgA) levels before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was evaluated using the paired t test (α = 5%). RESULTS Before and after the study, the children presented a high prevalence of overweight and an inadequate dietary intake of zinc and fiber. The yacon group presented with lower hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration at the end of the study (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte zinc was reduced in both groups at the end of the study (P < 0.05). Yacon intake increased the serum levels of IL-4 and fecal sIgA (P < 0.05). The control group had lower serum TNF-α after the study period (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Yacon improved intestinal immune response but demonstrated no effect on the nutritional status of iron and zinc in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças Vaz-Tostes
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, ES, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, PH Holfs, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cecília dos Santos Luz
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Heberth de Paula
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Rogério Graça Pedrosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, ES, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Viçosa, PH Holfs, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Delgado GTC, Tamashiro WMDSC, Maróstica Junior MR, Pastore GM. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius): a functional food. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 68:222-228. [PMID: 23709016 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is an Andean tuberous root that is regarded as a functional food given that it contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin and phenolic compounds. The consumption of FOS and inulin improves the growth of bifidobacteria in the colon, enhances mineral absorption and gastrointestinal metabolism and plays a role in the regulation of serum cholesterol. Furthermore, the literature reports that the consumption of these prebiotics promotes a positive modulation of the immune system, improving resistance to infections and allergic reactions. Certain studies have demonstrated the potential of yacon as an alternative food source for those patients with conditions that require dietary changes. This review intends to describe the potential of yacon as a prebiotic and its cultivation and industrial processing for human consumption.
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Samanta A, Jayapal N, Senani S, Kolte A, Sridhar M. Prebiotic inulin: Useful dietary adjuncts to manipulate the livestock gut microflora. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:1-14. [PMID: 24159277 PMCID: PMC3804171 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing appreciation on the relevance of gastrointestinal microflora in both ruminants and non-ruminants owing to revelation of their role in several physiological functions including digestion, nutrient utilization, pathogen exclusion, gastrointestinal development, immunity system, gut gene expression and quality of animal products. The ban imposed on the use of antibiotics and hormones in feed has compelled animal researchers in finding an alternative which could overcome the issues of conventional feed additives. Though the concept of prebiotic was evolved keeping in mind the gastrointestinal flora of human beings, presently animal researchers are exploring the efficiency of prebiotic (inulin) for modulating the gut ecosystem of both ruminants and non-ruminants. It was revealed that prebiotic inulin is found to exhibit desirable changes in the gut of non-ruminants like poultry, swine, rabbit etc for augmenting gut health and improvement of product quality. Similarly, in ruminants the prebiotic reduces rumen ammonia nitrogen, methane production, increase microbial protein synthesis and live weight gains in calves. Unlike other feed additives, prebiotic exhibits its effect in multipronged ways for overall increase in the performances of the animals. In coming days, it is expected that prebiotics could be the part of diets in both ruminants and non-ruminants for enabling modulation of gut microflora vis a vis animals productivity in ecological ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Samanta
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Natasha Jayapal
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - S. Senani
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - A.P. Kolte
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Manpal Sridhar
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
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Pereira JDAR, Barcelos MDFP, Pereira MCDA, Ferreira EB. Studies of chemical and enzymatic characteristics of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and its flours. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612013005000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of studies on yacon related to health, its in natura pulp, in natura peel, pulp flour, and peel flour were chemically analyzed in terms of its centesimal composition, specific minerals, total dietary fiber and fractions, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, tannins, oxalic acid, and nitrate. The polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymatic activities were evaluated for in natura pulp and peel only. Yacon pulp and peel flour presented average yield of 7.94% and 10.86%, respectively. The in natura pulp presented a higher moisture and carboydrate content and lower lipid, protein, total dietary fiber, and ash than those of the peel flour. The same pattern was observed for pulp flour when compared to peel flour. The highest tannin, nitrate, and oxalic acid levels were found in the peel flour, 15,304.5 mg.kg-1, 1,578.3 mg.kg-1, and 7,925.0 mg.kg-1 (wet weight), respectively. The polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes presented higher enzymatic activity in the yacon peel. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that the yacon and its derivatives are important dietary carbohydrate and mineral sources and contain antinutritional substance contents lower than those harmful to health.
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Pascoal GB, Filisetti TM, Alvares EP, Lajolo FM, Menezes EW. Impact of onion (Allium cepa L) fructans fermentation on the cecum of rats and the use of in vitro biomarkers to assess in vivo effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Utami NWA, Sone T, Tanaka M, Nakatsu CH, Saito A, Asano K. Comparison of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Tuber with Commercialized Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in Terms of Physiology, Fermentation Products and Intestinal Microbial Communities in Rats. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2013; 32:167-78. [PMID: 24936376 PMCID: PMC4034331 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.32.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber was examined with regard to its prebiotic effects compared with commercialized fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). A feed containing 10% yacon tuber, which is equivalent to 5% commercialized FOS in terms of the amount of fructo-oligosaccharides (GF2, GF3 and GF4), was administrated to rats for 28 days. The yacon diet changed the intestinal microbial communities beginning in the first week, resulting in a twofold greater concentration of cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFA composition differed, but the cecal pH in rats fed yacon tuber was equal to that in rats fed FOS. Serum triglycerides were lower in rats fed yacon compared with rats fed FOS and the control diet. Cecal size was greater with the yacon tuber diet compared with the control diet. The abundant fermentation in the intestines created a selective environment for the intestinal microbiota, which included Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium animalis and Barnesiella spp. according to identification with culture-independent analysis, 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE combined with cloning and sequencing. Barnesiella spp. and B. pseudolongum were only found in the rats fed the yacon diet, while L. acidophilus and B. animalis were found in abundance in rats fed both the yacon and FOS diets. The genus Barnesiella has not previously been reported to be associated with yacon or FOS fermentation. We concluded that the physiological and microbiological effects of the yacon tuber were different from those of FOS. Differences in cecal size, blood triglycerides and microbial community profiles including their metabolites (SCFAs) between the yacon tuber and FOS were shown to be more greatly affected by the yacon tuber rather than FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wayan Arya Utami
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Teruo Sone
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Michiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Cindy H Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
| | - Akihiko Saito
- Hokkaido Bio-Industry Corporation, 7-14-3-43 Hiragishi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-0937, Japan
| | - Kozo Asano
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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Campos D, Betalleluz-Pallardel I, Chirinos R, Aguilar-Galvez A, Noratto G, Pedreschi R. Prebiotic effects of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl), a source of fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2012; 135:1592-9. [PMID: 22953898 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five different yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl) accessions were evaluated as potential alternative sources of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and phenolic type natural antioxidants. FOS, total phenolics (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) contents in the ranges of 6.4-65g/100g of dry mater (DM), 7.9-30.8mg chlorogenic acid (CAE)/g of DM and 23-136μmol trolox equivalente (TE)/g DM were found. Accession AJC 5189 sparked attention for its high FOS content while DPA 07011 for its high TPC and AC. In addition, the prebiotic effect of yacon FOS was tested in vivo with a guinea pig model. A diet rich in yacon FOS promoted the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, resulting in high levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal material and enhancement of cell density and crypt formation in caecum tissue, being indicative of colon health benefits. This study allowed identification of yacon cultivars rich in FOS, AC and/or FOS and AC for nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campos
- Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - UNALM, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru.
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Delgado GTC, Thomé R, Gabriel DL, Tamashiro WMSC, Pastore GM. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)-derived fructooligosaccharides improves the immune parameters in the mouse. Nutr Res 2012. [PMID: 23176799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its high contents of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), the yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) root is used in traditional Andean medicine as a substitute for cane sugar in diabetes and for obesity prevention. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that regular consumption of yacon works to improve the immune system. BALB/c mice were fed with the AIN-93 diet supplemented with 5% commercial FOS or either 3% or 5% yacon FOS for 30 consecutive days. Animals in the control group were fed with nonsupplemented ration. Food intake; weight gain; serum levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG; levels of fecal IgA, production of nitric oxide by peritoneal macrophages, frequencies of T and B lymphocytes in the spleen and peripheral blood, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine production were evaluated in all groups. No significant differences were observed in food intake and weight gain when the experimental and control groups were compared. Also, serum levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG; nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages; frequencies of T and B lymphocytes in the spleen and peripheral blood; T-cell proliferation; and production of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon-γ, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α did not differ in the different groups. The intake of FOS, however, led to a significant reduction of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in macrophage cultures and elevation of the levels of fecal IgA. Together, these results indicate that the daily consumption of yacon does not exert negative effects on the immune system, helps to preserve an anti-inflammatory state in phagocytic cells, and improves mucosal immunity, possibly preventing the risks associated with autoimmune and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel T Choque Delgado
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nakamura E, Yokota H, Matsui T. The in vitro digestibility and absorption of magnesium in some edible seaweeds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2305-9. [PMID: 22351498 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many edible seaweeds are rich in magnesium (Mg). However, Mg absorption is low in some seaweeds because fibers in these seaweeds suppress Mg absorption. We hypothesize that Mg absorption from some other seaweeds is not low because of the diversity of fibers. We measured Mg concentration and Mg solubility after in vitro digestion in edible seaweeds, Aosa (Ulvaceae pertusa), Kombu (Laminaria japonica) and Funori (Gloiopeltis furcata). Then we determined Mg absorption in rats given diets containing these seaweeds or magnesium oxide as the major source of Mg, and calculated Mg absorption from seaweeds. RESULTS The fractional apparent absorption of Mg in seaweeds was Kombu = magnesium oxide > Aosa = Funori. Mg concentration was Aosa > Kombu and Funori had an intermediate amount of Mg, while Mg solubility after in vitro digestion was Funori = Kombu > Aosa. Consequently, the absorbable Mg concentration was Aosa = Kombu > Funori. CONCLUSION The absorption of Mg from different seaweeds differs and is not affected by the Mg solubility alone. The absorbable Mg concentration was high in Aosa and in Kombu, indicating that Aosa and Kombu are good sources of Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nakamura
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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de Moura NA, Caetano BF, Sivieri K, Urbano LH, Cabello C, Rodrigues MA, Barbisan LF. Protective effects of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) intake on experimental colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2902-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rodrigues FC, Castro ASB, Rodrigues VC, Fernandes SA, Fontes EAF, de Oliveira TT, Martino HSD, de Luces Fortes Ferreira CL. Yacon flour and Bifidobacterium longum modulate bone health in rats. J Med Food 2012; 15:664-70. [PMID: 22510044 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yacon flour has been considered a food with prebiotic potential because of the high levels of fructooligosaccharides, which allows for its use in formulating synbiotic foods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of yacon flour and probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) on the modulation of variables related to bone health. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, yacon flour, diet+B. longum, and yacon flour+B. longum. After euthanasia, the bones were removed for analysis of biomechanical properties (thickness, length, and strength of fracture) and mineral content (Ca, Mg, and P); the cecum was removed for analysis of the microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. Tibia Ca, P, and Mg content was significantly (P<.05) higher in groups fed diet+B. longum, yacon flour+B. longum than in the control group. An increase in fracture strength was observed in the yacon flour (8.1%), diet+B. longum (8.6%), and yacon flour+B. longum (14.6%) in comparison to the control group. Total anaerobe and weight of the cecum were higher (P<.05) in rats consuming the yacon flour diet compared with the other groups. Cecal concentration of propionate was higher in all experimental groups compared with the control (P<.05). Yacon flour in combination with B. longum helped increase the concentration of minerals in bones, an important factor in the prevention of diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Fischer MM, Kessler AM, de Sá LRM, Vasconcellos RS, Filho FOR, Nogueira SP, Oliveira MCC, Carciofi AC. Fiber fermentability effects on energy and macronutrient digestibility, fecal traits, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2233-45. [PMID: 22247109 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the different potential benefits of divergent fiber ingredients, the effect of 3 fiber sources on energy and macronutrient digestibility, fermentation product formation, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats (Felis catus) fed kibble diets was compared. Twenty-four healthy adult cats were assigned in a complete randomized block design to 2 groups of 12 animals, and 3 animals from each group were fed 1 of 4 of the following kibble diets: control (CO; 11.5% dietary fiber), beet pulp (BP; 26% dietary fiber), wheat bran (WB; 24% dietary fiber), and sugarcane fiber (SF; 28% dietary fiber). Digestibility was measured by the total collection of feces. After 16 d of diet adaptation and an overnight period without food, blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride postprandial responses were evaluated for 16 h after continued exposure to food. On d 20, colon biopsies of the cats were collected under general anesthesia. Fiber addition reduced food energy and nutrient digestibility. Of all the fiber sources, SF had the least dietary fiber digestibility (P < 0.05), causing the largest reduction of dietary energy digestibility (P < 0.05). The greater fermentability of BP resulted in reduced fecal DM and pH, greater fecal production [g/(cat × d); as-is], and greater fecal concentration of acetate, propionate, and lactate (P < 0.05). For most fecal variables, WB was intermediate between BP and SF, and SF was similar to the control diet except for an increased fecal DM and firmer feces production for the SF diet (P < 0.05). Postprandial evaluations indicated reduced mean glucose concentration and area under the glucose curve in cats fed the SF diet (P < 0.05). Colon mucosa thickness, crypt area, lamina propria area, goblet cell area, crypt mean size, and crypt in bifurcation did not vary among the diets. According to the fiber solubility and fermentation rates, fiber sources can induce different physiological responses in cats, reduce energy digestibility, and favor glucose metabolism (SF), or improve gut health (BP).
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Fischer
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
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Dini C, García MA, Viña SZ. Non-traditional flours: frontiers between ancestral heritage and innovation. Food Funct 2012; 3:606-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iron bioavailability from ferric pyrophosphate in rats fed with fructan-containing yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
En la búsqueda de medidas de prevención de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, se piensa en los prebióticos como una forma efectiva, saludable y relativamente barata para la optimización de la absorción de Ca. El aumento de la expectativa de vida de la población y el incremento de enfermedades como la osteoporosis traen graves consecuencias a la salud del individuo, acarreando importantes desembolsos económicos. En esta revisión se condensa el conocimiento presente sobre el efecto fisiológico del consumo de carbohidratos prebióticos y su posible interferencia en la biodisponibilidad del Ca, como también las posibilidades de su empleo en estrategias para combatir las deficiencias del mineral. Se elaboró una recopilación de los estudios originales realizados con mayor impacto en el tema, dando preferencia a los publicados en los últimos 6 años. Utilizamos las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO, usando las palabras claves calcio, prebióticos e probióticos.
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Buriti FC, Castro IA, Saad SM. Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in synbiotic guava mousses and its survival under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 137:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lobo AR, Cocato ML, Jorgetti V, de Sá LR, Nakano EY, Colli C. Changes in bone mass, biomechanical properties, and microarchitecture of calcium- and iron-deficient rats fed diets supplemented with inulin-type fructans. Nutr Res 2009; 29:873-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Genta S, Cabrera W, Habib N, Pons J, Carillo IM, Grau A, Sánchez S. Yacon syrup: beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in humans. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:182-7. [PMID: 19254816 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Syrup obtained from yacon roots could be well positioned as a nutraceutical product due to its high fructooligosaccharides content. We examined the beneficial effects and tolerance of yacon syrup on human health. METHODS Obese and slightly dyslipidemic pre-menopausal women were studied over a 120-day period in a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. We used two doses of yacon syrup, 0.29 g and 0.14 g fructooligosaccharides/kg/day. At the start and end of the study, anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, calcium, lipid and insulin concentrations and Homeostasis Model Assessment index were determined. RESULTS The recommended daily consumption of yacon syrup with no undesirable gastrointestinal effects is 0.14 g fructooligosaccharides/kg. Daily intake of yacon syrup produced a significant decrease in body weight, waist circumference and body mass index. Additionally, decrease in fasting serum insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment index was observed. The consumption of yacon syrup increased defecation frequency and satiety sensation. Fasting glucose and serum lipids were not affected by syrup treatment and the only positive effect was found in serum LDL-cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Yacon syrup is a good source of fructooligosaccharides and its long-term consumption produced beneficial health effects on obese pre-menopausal women with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Genta
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, 4000-San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Effects of dietary lipid composition and inulin-type fructans on mineral bioavailability in growing rats. Nutrition 2009; 25:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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