1
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Yao C, Zuo J, Wu P, Liu J, Pan J, Zhu E, Feng H, Zhang K, Qian Z. Molecular engineering of fluorescent dyes for long-term specific visualization of the plasma membrane based on alkyl-chain-regulated cell permeability. Talanta 2024; 275:126105. [PMID: 38640520 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Long-term visualization of changes in plasma membrane dynamics during important physiological processes can provide intuitive and reliable information in a 4D mode. However, molecular tools that can visualize plasma membranes over extended periods are lacking due to the absence of effective design rules that can specifically track plasma membrane fluorescent dye molecules over time. Using plant plasma membranes as a model, we systematically investigated the effects of different alkyl chain lengths of FMR dye molecules on their performance in imaging plasma membranes. Our findings indicate that alkyl chain length can effectively regulate the permeability of dye molecules across plasma membranes. The study confirms that introducing medium-length alkyl chains improves the ability of dye molecules to target and anchor to plasma membranes, allowing for long-term imaging of plasma membranes. This provides useful design rules for creating dye molecules that enable long-term visualization of plasma membranes. Using the amphiphilic amino-styryl-pyridine fluorescent skeleton, we discovered that the inclusion of short alkyl chains facilitated rapid crossing of the plasma membrane by the dye molecules, resulting in staining of the cell nucleus and indicating improved cell permeability. Conversely, the inclusion of long alkyl chains hindered the crossing of the cell wall by the dye molecules, preventing staining of the cell membrane and demonstrating membrane impermeability to plant cells. The FMR dyes with medium-length alkyl chains rapidly crossed the cell wall, uniformly stained the cell membrane, and anchored to it for a long period without being transmembrane. This allowed for visualization and tracking of the morphological dynamics of the cell plasma membrane during water loss in a 4D mode. This suggests that the introduction of medium-length alkyl chains into amphiphilic fluorescent dyes can transform them from membrane-permeable fluorescent dyes to membrane-staining fluorescent dyes suitable for long-term imaging of the plasma membrane. In addition, we have successfully converted a membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye molecule into a membrane-staining fluorescent dye by introducing medium-length alkyl chains into the molecule. This molecular engineering of dye molecules with alkyl chains to regulate cell permeability provides a simple and effective design rule for long-term visualization of the plasma membrane, and a convenient and feasible means of chemical modification for efficient transmembrane transport of small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yao
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zuo
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Penglei Wu
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Pan
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Engao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Lira RB, Dillingh LS, Schuringa JJ, Yahioglu G, Suhling K, Roos WH. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of flexible and rigid dyes probes the biophysical properties of synthetic and biological membranes. Biophys J 2024; 123:1592-1609. [PMID: 38702882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensing of the biophysical properties of membranes using molecular reporters has recently regained widespread attention. This was elicited by the development of new probes of exquisite optical properties and increased performance, combined with developments in fluorescence detection. Here, we report on fluorescence lifetime imaging of various rigid and flexible fluorescent dyes to probe the biophysical properties of synthetic and biological membranes at steady state as well as upon the action of external membrane-modifying agents. We tested the solvatochromic dyes Nile red and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) (ammonium salt) (NBD), the viscosity sensor Bodipy C12, the flipper dye FliptR, as well as the dyes 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), Bodipy C16, lissamine-rhodamine, and Atto647, which are dyes with no previous reported environmental sensitivity. The performance of the fluorescent probes, many of which are commercially available, was benchmarked with well-known environmental reporters, with Nile red and Bodipy C12 being specific reporters of medium hydration and viscosity, respectively. We show that some widely used ordinary dyes with no previous report of sensing capabilities can exhibit competing performance compared to highly sensitive commercially available or custom-based solvatochromic dyes, molecular rotors, or flipper in a wide range of biophysics experiments. Compared to other methods, fluorescence lifetime imaging is a minimally invasive and nondestructive method with optical resolution. It enables biophysical mapping at steady state or assessment of the changes induced by membrane-active molecules at subcellular level in both synthetic and biological membranes when intensity measurements fail to do so. The results have important consequences for the specific choice of the sensor and take into consideration factors such as probe sensitivity, response to environmental changes, ease and speed of data analysis, and the probe's intracellular distribution, as well as potential side effects induced by labeling and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B Lira
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura S Dillingh
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen & Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Hematology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen & Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Klaus Suhling
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, UK.
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Nicolella Z, Okamoto Y, Watanabe NM, Thompson GL, Umakoshi H. Significance of in situ quantitative membrane property-morphology relation (QmPMR) analysis. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 38873752 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Deformation of the cell membrane is well understood from the viewpoint of protein interactions and free energy balance. However, the various dynamic properties of the membrane, such as lipid packing and hydrophobicity, and their relationship with cell membrane deformation are unknown. Therefore, the deformation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and oleic acid (OA) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) was induced by heating and cooling cycles, and time-lapse analysis was conducted based on the membrane hydrophobicity and physical parameters of "single-parent" and "daughter" vesicles. Fluorescence ratiometric analysis by simultaneous dual-wavelength detection revealed the variation of different hydrophilic GUVs and enabled inferences of the "daughter" vesicle composition and the "parent" membrane's local composition during deformation; the "daughter" vesicle composition of OA was lower than that of the "parents", and lateral movement of OA was the primary contributor to the formation of the "daughter" vesicles. Thus, our findings and the newly developed methodology, named in situ quantitative membrane property-morphology relation (QmPMR) analysis, would provide new insights into cell deformation and accelerate research on both deformation and its related events, such as budding and birthing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Nicolella
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Morishita Watanabe
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Gary Lee Thompson
- Rowan University, Rowan Hall, Room 333 70 Sewell St., Ste. E Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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4
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Rajput D, Pradhan N, Mansuri S, Soppina V, Kanvah S. A multipurpose mitochondrial NIR probe for imaging ferroptosis and mitophagy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4698-4707. [PMID: 38652007 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper explores the use of a di-cationic fluorophore for visualizing mitochondria in live cells independent of membrane potential. Through the synthesized di-cationic fluorophore, we investigate the monitoring of viscosity, ferroptosis, stress-induced mitophagy, and lysosomal uptake of damaged mitochondria. The designed fluorophore is based on DQAsomes, cationic vesicles responsible for transporting drugs and DNA to mitochondria. The symmetric fluorophores possess two charge centres separated by an alkyl chain and are distinguished by a pyridinium group for mitochondrial selectivity, the C-12 alkyl substitution for membrane affinity, and an electron donor-π-acceptor fluorescent scaffold for intramolecular charge transfer. The synthesized fluorophores, PP and NP, emit wavelengths exceeding 600 nm, with a significant Stokes shift (130-211 nm), and NP demonstrates near-infrared emission (∼690 nm). Our study underscores the potential of these fluorophores for live-cell imaging, examining physiological responses such as viscosity and ferroptosis, and highlights their utility in investigating mitophagy damage and lysosomal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Nachiket Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Shabnam Mansuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Virupakshi Soppina
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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5
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Thakur N, Ray AP, Jin B, Afsharian NP, Lyman E, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Eddy MT. Membrane mimetic-dependence of GPCR energy landscapes. Structure 2024; 32:523-535.e5. [PMID: 38401537 PMCID: PMC11069452 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
We leveraged variable-temperature 19F-NMR spectroscopy to compare the conformational equilibria of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), across a range of temperatures ranging from lower temperatures typically employed in 19F-NMR experiments to physiological temperature. A2AAR complexes with partial agonists and full agonists showed large increases in the population of a fully active conformation with increasing temperature. NMR data measured at physiological temperature were more in line with functional data. This was pronounced for complexes with partial agonists, where the population of active A2AAR was nearly undetectable at lower temperature but became evident at physiological temperature. Temperature-dependent behavior of complexes with either full or partial agonists exhibited a pronounced sensitivity to the specific membrane mimetic employed. Cellular signaling experiments correlated with the temperature-dependent conformational equilibria of A2AAR in lipid nanodiscs but not in some detergents, underscoring the importance of the membrane environment in studies of GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Arka Prabha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Beining Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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6
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Ruto A, Seki H, Osaki K, Kaneno D, Hadano S, Watanabe S, Niko Y. Synthesis of 1,3-Dibromopyrene as Precursor of 1-, 3-, 6-, and 8-Substituted Long-Axially Symmetric Pyrene Derivatives. Chemistry 2024:e202401152. [PMID: 38683696 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrene derivatives bearing substituents at positions 1, 3, 6, and 8 find numerous applications, as exemplified by their use in lasers, sensors, and bioimaging probes. However, these derivatives typically have point-symmetric or short-axially symmetric structures, whereas long-axially symmetric derivatives remain underexplored because of the difficulty in obtaining their precursor, 1,3-dibromopyrene. To address this problem, we herein synthesized 1,3-dibromopyrene from 1-methoxypyrene in an overall yield (71 % over four steps) considerably exceeding those of existing methods. 1,3-Dibromopyrene was converted into 13OPA, a long-axially symmetric pyrene dye with electron-donor (alkoxy) groups at positions 1 and 3 and electron-acceptor (formyl) groups at positions 6 and 8. 13OPA exhibited photophysical properties distinct from those of its point-symmetric and short-axially symmetric isomers, featuring a broad and strongly redshifted absorption, strong fluorescence with reduced sensitivity to protic solvents, and small dipole moment change upon photoexcitation. The derivatization of 13OPA into a Schiff base and its functionalization via Lewis acid-base pairing were also demonstrated. Thus, our work expands the design scope of pyrene-based molecules, particularly those used as emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Ruto
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
- TOSA Innovative Human Development Programs, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Hitomi Seki
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Katsuki Osaki
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaneno
- Department of Applied Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Shingo Hadano
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Shigeru Watanabe
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Research and Education Faculty, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
- TOSA Innovative Human Development Programs, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
- Center for Photodynamic Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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7
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Wong AM, Budin I. Organelle-targeted Laurdans measure heterogeneity in subcellular membranes and their responses to saturated lipid stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589828. [PMID: 38659784 PMCID: PMC11042318 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cell organelles feature characteristic lipid compositions that lead to differences in membrane properties. In living cells, membrane ordering and fluidity are commonly measured using the solvatochromic dye Laurdan, whose fluorescence is sensitive to membrane packing. As a general lipophilic dye, Laurdan stains all hydrophobic environments in cells, so it is challenging to characterize membrane properties in specific organelles or assess their responses to pharmacological treatments in intact cells. Here, we describe the synthesis and application of Laurdan-derived probes that read out membrane packing of individual cellular organelles. The set of Organelle-targeted Laurdans (OTL) localizes to the ER, mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi compartments with high specificity, while retaining the spectral resolution needed to detect biological changes in membrane packing. We show that ratiometric imaging with OTL can resolve membrane heterogeneity within organelles, as well as changes in membrane packing resulting from inhibition of lipid trafficking or bioenergetic processes. We apply these probes to characterize organelle-specific responses to saturated lipid stress. While ER and lysosomal membrane fluidity is sensitive to exogenous saturated fatty acids, that of mitochondrial membranes is protected. We then use differences in ER membrane fluidity to sort populations of cells based on their fatty acid diet, highlighting the ability of organelle-localized solvatochromic probes to distinguish between cells based on their metabolic state. These results expand the repertoire of targeted membrane probes and demonstrate their application to interrogating lipid dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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8
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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9
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Ragaller F, Sjule E, Urem YB, Schlegel J, El R, Urbancic D, Urbancic I, Blom H, Sezgin E. Quantifying Fluorescence Lifetime Responsiveness of Environment-Sensitive Probes for Membrane Fluidity Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2154-2167. [PMID: 38415644 PMCID: PMC10926104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The structural diversity of different lipid species within the membrane defines its biophysical properties such as membrane fluidity, phase transition, curvature, charge distribution, and tension. Environment-sensitive probes, which change their spectral properties in response to their surrounding milieu, have greatly contributed to our understanding of such biophysical properties. To realize the full potential of these probes and avoid misinterpretation of their spectral responses, a detailed investigation of their fluorescence characteristics in different environments is necessary. Here, we examined the fluorescence lifetime of two newly developed membrane order probes, NR12S and NR12A, in response to alterations in their environments such as the degree of lipid saturation, cholesterol content, double bond position and configuration, and phospholipid headgroup. As a comparison, we investigated the lifetime sensitivity of the membrane tension probe Flipper in these environments. Applying fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in both model membranes and biological membranes, all probes distinguished membrane phases by lifetime but exhibited different lifetime sensitivities to varying membrane biophysical properties (e.g., cholesterol). While the lifetime of Flipper is particularly sensitive to the membrane cholesterol content, the NR12S and NR12A lifetimes are moderately sensitive to both the cholesterol content and lipid acyl chains. Moreover, all of the probes exhibit longer lifetimes at longer emission wavelengths in membranes of any complexity. This emission wavelength dependency results in varying lifetime resolutions at different spectral regions, which are highly relevant for FLIM data acquisition. Our data provide valuable insights on how to perform FLIM with these probes and highlight both their potential and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ragaller
- Department
of Women’s and Children’s Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ellen Sjule
- Department
of Women’s and Children’s Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yagmur Balim Urem
- Department
of Women’s and Children’s Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Schlegel
- Department
of Women’s and Children’s Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rojbin El
- Weatherall
Institute of Molecular Medicine, University
of Oxford, OX39DS Oxford, United
Kingdom
| | - Dunja Urbancic
- Weatherall
Institute of Molecular Medicine, University
of Oxford, OX39DS Oxford, United
Kingdom
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University
of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Urbancic
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hans Blom
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Department
of Women’s and Children’s Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
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10
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Ma J, Sun R, Xia K, Xia Q, Liu Y, Zhang X. Design and Application of Fluorescent Probes to Detect Cellular Physical Microenvironments. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1738-1861. [PMID: 38354333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The microenvironment is indispensable for functionality of various biomacromolecules, subcellular compartments, living cells, and organisms. In particular, physical properties within the biological microenvironment could exert profound effects on both the cellular physiology and pathology, with parameters including the polarity, viscosity, pH, and other relevant factors. There is a significant demand to directly visualize and quantitatively measure the fluctuation in the cellular microenvironment with spatiotemporal resolution. To satisfy this need, analytical methods based on fluorescence probes offer great opportunities due to the facile, sensitive, and dynamic detection that these molecules could enable in varying biological settings from in vitro samples to live animal models. Herein, we focus on various types of small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection and measurement of physical parameters of the microenvironment, including pH, polarity, viscosity, mechanical force, temperature, and electron potential. For each parameter, we primarily describe the chemical mechanisms underlying how physical properties are correlated with changes of various fluorescent signals. This review provides both an overview and a perspective for the development of small molecule fluorescent probes to visualize the dynamic changes in the cellular environment, to expand the knowledge for biological process, and to enrich diagnostic tools for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifu Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuxuan Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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11
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Paez‐Perez M, Kuimova MK. Molecular Rotors: Fluorescent Sensors for Microviscosity and Conformation of Biomolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311233. [PMID: 37856157 PMCID: PMC10952837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity and crowding of biological environment are considered vital for the correct cellular function, and alterations in these parameters are known to underly a number of pathologies including diabetes, malaria, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, to name a few. Over the last decades, fluorescent molecular probes termed molecular rotors proved extremely useful for exploring viscosity, crowding, and underlying molecular interactions in biologically relevant settings. In this review, we will discuss the basic principles underpinning the functionality of these probes and will review advances in their use as sensors for lipid order, protein crowding and conformation, temperature and non-canonical nucleic acid structures in live cells and other relevant biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Paez‐Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRHImperial College LondonWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRHImperial College LondonWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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12
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Pivovarenko VG, Klymchenko AS. Fluorescent Probes Based on Charge and Proton Transfer for Probing Biomolecular Environment. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300321. [PMID: 38158338 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes for sensing fundamental properties of biomolecular environment, such as polarity and hydration, help to study assembly of lipids into biomembranes, sensing interactions of biomolecules and imaging physiological state of the cells. Here, we summarize major efforts in the development of probes based on two photophysical mechanisms: (i) an excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is represented by fluorescent solvatochromic dyes that shift their emission band maximum as a function of environment polarity and hydration; (ii) excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), with particular focus on 5-membered cyclic systems, represented by 3-hydroxyflavones, because they exhibit dual emission sensitive to the environment. For both ICT and ESIPT dyes, the design of the probes and their biological applications are summarized. Thus, dyes bearing amphiphilic anchors target lipid membranes and report their lipid organization, while targeting ligands direct them to specific organelles for sensing their local environment. The labels, amino acid and nucleic acid analogues inserted into biomolecules enable monitoring their interactions with membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. While ICT probes are relatively simple and robust environment-sensitive probes, ESIPT probes feature high information content due their dual emission. They constitute a powerful toolbox for addressing multitude of biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl G Pivovarenko
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI SysChem, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
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13
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Reis A, Rocha BS, Laranjinha J, de Freitas V. Dietary (poly)phenols as modulators of the biophysical properties in endothelial cell membranes: its impact on nitric oxide bioavailability in hypertension. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38281810 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major contributor to premature death, owing to the associated increased risk of damage to the heart, brain and kidneys. Although hypertension is manageable by medication and lifestyle changes, the risk increases with age. In an increasingly aged society, the incidence of hypertension is escalating, and is expected to increase the prevalence of (cerebro)vascular events and their associated mortality. Adherence to plant-based diets improves blood pressure and vascular markers in individuals with hypertension. Food flavonoids have an inhibitory effect towards angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE1) and although this effect is greatly diminished upon metabolization, their microbial metabolites have been found to improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Considering the transmembrane location of ACE1 and eNOS, the ability of (poly)phenols to interact with membrane lipids modulate the cell membrane's biophysical properties and impact on nitric oxide (· NO) synthesis and bioavailability, remain poorly studied. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the lipid remodeling of endothelial membranes with age, its impact on the cell membrane's biophysical properties and · NO permeability across the endothelial barrier. We also discuss the potential of (poly)phenols and other plant-based compounds as key players in hypertension management, and address the caveats and challenges in adopted methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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14
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Gao C, Wang Q, Ding Y, Kwong CHT, Liu J, Xie B, Wei J, Lee SMY, Mok GSP, Wang R. Targeted therapies of inflammatory diseases with intracellularly gelated macrophages in mice and rats. Nat Commun 2024; 15:328. [PMID: 38184609 PMCID: PMC10771422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane-camouflaged nanomedicines often suffer from reduced efficacy caused by membrane protein disintegration and spatial disorder caused by separation and reassembly of membrane fragments during the coating process. Here we show that intracellularly gelated macrophages (GMs) preserve cell membrane structures, including protein content, integration and fluidity, as well as the membrane lipid order. Consequently, in our testing GMs act as cellular sponges to efficiently neutralize various inflammatory cytokines via receptor-ligand interactions, and serve as immune cell-like carriers to selectively bind inflammatory cells in culture medium, even under a flow condition. In a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis, GMs alleviate the joint injury, and suppress the overall arthritis severity. Upon intravenous injection, GMs efficiently accumulate in the inflammatory lungs of acute pneumonia mice for anti-inflammatory therapy. Conveniently, GMs are amenable to lyophilization and can be stored at ambient temperatures for at least 1 month without loss of integrity and bio-activity. This intracellular gelation technology provides a universal platform for targeted inflammation neutralization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Yuanfu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Cheryl H T Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jinwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Beibei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jianwen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Simon M Y Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Greta S P Mok
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
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15
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Biswas S, Baruah M, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ali M, Samanta A, Bhuniya S. Polarity-Driven Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Perturbation in Lipid Droplet Levels during Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Acute Pancreatitis. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3793-3803. [PMID: 37815484 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as an energy reservoir in cancer cells; on the other hand, mitochondria are hyperactive to fulfill the energy demand to accelerate cell proliferation. We are interested in unfolding the relationship between the cellular energy reservoir and energy producer through fluorescence labeling. Thus, a dual organelle-targeted fluorescent probe MLD-1 has been rationally developed. It visualized the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and the fluctuation of LDs in live cells. Its two-photon ability allowed us to acquire deep tissue images. For the first time, we have shown that the probe has the ability to track the accumulation of LDs in different mouse organs during pancreatic inflammation. MLD-1, being a selectively polarity-driven, chemo- and photostable LD probe, may offer great possibilities for studying LD-associated biology in due course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayeri Biswas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Mousumi Baruah
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
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16
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Xu SQ, Sie ZY, Hsu JI, Tan KT. Small Plasma Membrane-Targeted Fluorescent Dye for Long-Time Imaging and Protein Degradation Analyses. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15549-15555. [PMID: 37816133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM)-targeted fluorescent dyes have become an important tool to visualize morphological and dynamic changes in the cell membrane. However, most of these PM dyes are either too large and thus might potentially perturb the membrane and affect its functions or exhibit a short retention time on the cell membrane. The rapid internalization problem is particularly severe for PM dyes based on cationic and neutral hydrophobic fluorescent dyes, which can be easily transported into the cells by transmembrane potential and passive diffusion mechanisms. In this paper, we report a small but highly specific PM fluorescent dye, PM-1, which exhibits a very long retention time on the plasma membrane with a half-life of approximately 15 h. For biological applications, we demonstrated that PM-1 can be used in combination with protein labeling probes to study ectodomain shedding and endocytosis processes of cell surface proteins and successfully demonstrated that native transmembrane human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCAIX) is degraded via the ectodomain shedding mechanism. In contrast, hCAIX undergoes endocytic degradation in the presence of sheddase inhibitors. We believe that PM-1 can be a versatile tool to provide detailed insights into the dynamic processes of the cell surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Qiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zong-Yan Sie
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jung-I Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Sternstein C, Böhm TM, Fink J, Meyr J, Lüdemann M, Krug M, Kriukov K, Gurdap CO, Sezgin E, Ebert R, Seibel J. Development of an Effective Functional Lipid Anchor for Membranes (FLAME) for the Bioorthogonal Modification of the Lipid Bilayer of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1221-1233. [PMID: 37328799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of cellular membranes is crucial for the survival and communication of cells. As our target is the engineering of the glycocalyx, we designed a functionalized lipid anchor for the introduction into cellular membranes called Functional Lipid Anchor for MEmbranes (FLAME). Since cholesterol incorporates very effectively into membranes, we developed a twice cholesterol-substituted anchor in a total synthesis by applying protecting group chemistry. We labeled the compound with a fluorescent dye, which allows cell visualization. FLAME was successfully incorporated in the membranes of living human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), acting as a temporary, nontoxic marker. The availability of an azido function─a bioorthogonal reacting group within the compound─enables the convenient coupling of alkyne-functionalized molecules, such as fluorophores or saccharides. After the incorporation of FLAME into the plasma membrane of living hMSC, we were able to successfully couple our molecule with an alkyne-tagged fluorophore via click reaction. This suggests that FLAME is useful for the modification of the membrane surface. Coupling FLAME with a galactosamine derivative yielded FLAME-GalNAc, which was incorporated into U2OS cells as well as in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). With this, we have shown that FLAME-GalNAc is a useful tool for studying the partitioning in the liquid-ordered (Lo) and the liquid-disordered (Ld) phases. The molecular tool can also be used to analyze the diffusion behavior in the model and the cell membranes by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sternstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa-Maria Böhm
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Meyr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lüdemann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krug
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Kriukov
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cenk O Gurdap
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Regina Ebert
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopedic Clinic König-Ludwig Haus, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Real Hernandez LM, Levental I. Lipid packing is disrupted in copolymeric nanodiscs compared with intact membranes. Biophys J 2023; 122:2256-2266. [PMID: 36641625 PMCID: PMC10257115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoidal lipid-protein nanoparticles known as nanodiscs are widely used tools in structural and membrane biology. Amphipathic, synthetic copolymers have recently become an attractive alternative to membrane scaffold proteins for the formation of nanodiscs. Such copolymers can directly intercalate into, and form nanodiscs from, intact membranes without detergents. Although these copolymer nanodiscs can extract native membrane lipids, it remains unclear whether native membrane properties are also retained. To determine the extent to which bilayer lipid packing is retained in nanodiscs, we measured the behavior of packing-sensitive fluorescent dyes in various nanodisc preparations compared with intact lipid bilayers. We analyzed styrene-maleic acid (SMA), diisobutylene-maleic acid (DIBMA), and polymethacrylate (PMA) as nanodisc scaffolds at various copolymer-to-lipid ratios and temperatures. Measurements of Laurdan spectral shifts revealed that dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) nanodiscs had increased lipid headgroup packing compared with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) above the lipid melting temperature for all three copolymers. Similar effects were observed for DMPC nanodiscs stabilized by membrane scaffolding protein MSP1E1. Increased lipid headgroup packing was also observed when comparing nanodiscs with intact membranes composed of binary mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphocholine (POPC) and di-palmitoyl-phosphocholine (DPPC), which show fluid-gel-phase coexistence. Similarly, Laurdan reported increased headgroup packing in nanodiscs for biomimetic mixtures containing cholesterol, most notable for relatively disordered membranes. The magnitudes of these ordering effects were not identical for the various copolymers, with SMA being the most and DIBMA being the least perturbing. Finally, nanodiscs derived from mammalian cell membranes showed similarly increased lipid headgroup packing. We conclude that nanodiscs generally do not completely retain the physical properties of intact membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Real Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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19
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Chen JY, Agrawal S, Yi HP, Vallejo D, Agrawal A, Lee AP. Cell-Sized Lipid Vesicles as Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells for Antigen-Specific T Cell Activation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203163. [PMID: 36645182 PMCID: PMC10175210 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, efficient T cell activation is demonstrated using cell-sized artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) with protein-conjugated bilayer lipid membranes that mimic biological cell membranes. The highly uniform aAPCs are generated by a facile method based on standard droplet microfluidic devices. These aAPCs are able to activate the T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, showing a 28-fold increase in interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion, a 233-fold increase in antigen-specific CD8 T cells expansion, and a 16-fold increase of CD4 T cell expansion. The aAPCs do not require repetitive boosting or additional stimulants and can function at a relatively low aAPC-to-T cell ratio (1:17). The research presents strong evidence that the surface fluidity and size of the aAPCs are critical to the effective formation of immune synapses essential for T cell activation. The findings demonstrate that the microfluidic-generated aAPCs can be instrumental in investigating the physiological conditions and mechanisms for T cell activation. Finally, this method demonstrates the feasibility of customizable aAPCs for a cost-effective off-the-shelf approach to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yi Chen
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ping Yi
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Derek Vallejo
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Abraham P Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
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20
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Huang A, Adler J, Parmryd I. Optimised generalized polarisation analysis of C-laurdan reveals clear order differences between T cell membrane compartments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184094. [PMID: 36379264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterogenous packing of plasma membrane lipids is important for cellular processes like signalling, adhesion and sorting of membrane components. Solvatochromic membrane fluorophores that respond to changes from liquid-ordered (lo) phase to liquid-disordered (ld) by red shifts in their emission spectra are often used to assess lipid packing. Their response can be quantified using generalized polarisation (GP) using fluorescence microscopy images from two emission ranges, preferably from a region of interest (ROI) limited to a specific membrane compartment. However, image quality is limited by Poisson noise and convolution by the point spread function of the imaging system. Examining GP-analysis of C-laurdan labelled T cells using the image restoration procedure deconvolution, we demonstrate that deconvolution substantially improves the image resolution by making the plasma membrane clearly discernible and facilitating plasma membrane ROI selection. We conclude that automatic ROI selection has advantages over manual ROI selection when it comes to reproducibility and speed, but reliable GP-measurements can also be obtained by manually demarcated ROIs. We find that deconvolution enhances the difference in GP-values between the plasma and intracellular membranes and demonstrate that moving an intensity defined plasma membrane ROI outwards from the cell further improves this differentiation. By systematically changing the key deconvolution regularization parameter signal to noise, we establish a protocol for deconvolution optimisation applicable to any solvatochromic dye and imaging system. The image processing and ROI selection protocol presented improves both the resolution and precision of GP-measurement and will enable detection of smaller changes in membrane order than is currently achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Huang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Adler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Parmryd
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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Abstract
Biomembranes are ubiquitous lipid structures that delimit the cell surface and organelles and operate as platforms for a multitude of biomolecular processes. The development of chemical tools─fluorescent probes─for the sensing and imaging of biomembranes is a rapidly growing research direction, stimulated by a high demand from cell biologists and biophysicists. This Account focuses on advances in these smart molecules, providing a voyage from the cell frontier─plasma membranes (PM)─toward intracellular membrane compartments─organelles. General classification of the membrane probes can be based on targeting principles, sensing profile, and optical response. Probes for PM and organelle membranes are designed based on multiple targeting principles: conjugation with natural lipids or synthetic targeting ligands and in situ cell labeling by bio-orthogonal chemistry, conjugation to protein tags, and receptor-ligand interactions. Thus, to obtain membrane probes targeting PM with selectivity to one leaflet, we designed membrane anchor ligands based on a charged group and an alkyl chain. According to the sensing profile, we define basic membrane markers with constant emission and probes for biophysical and chemical sensing. The markers are built from classical fluorophores, exemplified by a series of bright cyanines and BODIPY dyes bearing the PM anchors (MemBright). Membrane probes for biophysical sensing are based on environment-sensitive fluorophores: (1) polarity-sensitive solvatochromic dyes; (2) viscosity-sensitive fluorescent molecular rotors; (3) mechanosensitive fluorescent flippers; and (4) voltage-sensitive electrochromic dyes. Our solvatochromic probes based on Nile Red (NR12S, NR12A, NR4A), Laurdan (Pro12A), and 3-hydroxyflavone (F2N12S) through polarity-sensing can visualize liquid ordered and disordered phases of lipid membranes, sense lipid order and its heterogeneity in cell PM, detect apoptosis, etc. Chemically sensitive probes, combining a dye, membrane-targeting ligand, and molecular recognition unit, enable the detection of pH, ions, redox species, lipids, and proteins at the biomembrane surface. In terms of the optical response profile, we can identify (1) fluorogenic (turn-on) probes, allowing background-free imaging; (2) ratiometric probes, e.g., solvatochromic probes, which enable ratiometric imaging by changing their emission/excitation color; (3) fluorescence lifetime-responsive probes, e.g., fluorescence molecular rotors and flippers, suitable for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM); and (4) switchable probes, important for single-molecule localization microscopy. We showed that combining solvatochromic probes with on-off switching through a reversible binding specifically to cell PM enables the mapping of their biophysical properties with superior resolution. While the majority of efforts have been focused on PM, the probes for cellular organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, etc., emerge rapidly. Thus, nontargeted solvatochromic probes can distinguish organelles by the emission color. Targeted solvatochromic probes based on Nile Red revealed unique signatures of polarity and lipid order of individual organelles and their different sensitivities to oxidative or mechanical stress. Lipid droplets, which are membraneless lipidic structures, constitute another interesting organelle target for probing the cell stress. Currently, we stand at the beginning of a long route with big challenges ahead, in particular (1) to achieve superior organelle specificity; (2) to label specific biomembrane leaflets, notably the inner leaflet of PM; (3) to detect lipid organization in a proximity of specific proteins; and (4) to probe biomembranes in tissues and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
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22
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Boquet-Pujadas A, Feaugas T, Petracchini A, Grassart A, Mary H, Manich M, Gobaa S, Olivo-Marin JC, Sauvonnet N, Labruyère E. 4D live imaging and computational modeling of a functional gut-on-a-chip evaluate how peristalsis facilitates enteric pathogen invasion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5767. [PMID: 36269830 PMCID: PMC9586479 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces are essential to biological function, but their impact at the tissue level is not fully understood. The gut is under continuous mechanical stress because of peristalsis. To assess the influence of mechanical cues on enteropathogen invasion, we combine computational imaging with a mechanically active gut-on-a-chip. After infecting the device with either of two microbes, we image their behavior in real time while mapping the mechanical stress within the tissue. This is achieved by reconstructing three-dimensional videos of the ongoing invasion and leveraging on-manifold inverse problems together with viscoelastic rheology. Our results show that peristalsis accelerates the destruction and invasion of intestinal tissue by Entamoeba histolytica and colonization by Shigella flexneri. Local tension facilitates parasite penetration and activates virulence genes in the bacteria. Overall, our work highlights the fundamental role of physical cues during host-pathogen interactions and introduces a framework that opens the door to study mechanobiology on deformable tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Boquet-Pujadas
- Bioimage Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Biomedical Imaging Group, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Feaugas
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alba Petracchini
- Bioimage Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Grassart
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Unit of Bioengineering and Microbiology, Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Héloïse Mary
- Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria Manich
- Bioimage Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Samy Gobaa
- Biomaterials and Microfluidics Core Facility, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Bioimage Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sauvonnet
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Labruyère
- Bioimage Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Intracellular Trafficking and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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23
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Ragaller F, Andronico L, Sykora J, Kulig W, Rog T, Urem YB, Abhinav, Danylchuk DI, Hof M, Klymchenko A, Amaro M, Vattulainen I, Sezgin E. Dissecting the mechanisms of environment sensitivity of smart probes for quantitative assessment of membrane properties. Open Biol 2022; 12:220175. [PMID: 36099931 PMCID: PMC9470265 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane, as a highly complex cell organelle, serves as a crucial platform for a multitude of cellular processes. Its collective biophysical properties are largely determined by the structural diversity of the different lipid species it accommodates. Therefore, a detailed investigation of biophysical properties of the plasma membrane is of utmost importance for a comprehensive understanding of biological processes occurring therein. During the past two decades, several environment-sensitive probes have been developed and become popular tools to investigate membrane properties. Although these probes are assumed to report on membrane order in similar ways, their individual mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, using model membrane systems, we characterized the probes Pro12A, NR12S and NR12A in depth and examined their sensitivity to parameters with potential biological implications, such as the degree of lipid saturation, double bond position and configuration (cis versus trans), phospholipid headgroup and cholesterol content. Applying spectral imaging together with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and time-dependent fluorescent shift analyses, we unravelled individual sensitivities of these probes to different biophysical properties, their distinct localizations and specific relaxation processes in membranes. Overall, Pro12A, NR12S and NR12A serve together as a toolbox with a wide range of applications allowing to select the most appropriate probe for each specific research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ragaller
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Luca Andronico
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Sykora
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Rog
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yagmur Balim Urem
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Abhinav
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro I Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
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24
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Collot M, Pfister S, Klymchenko AS. Advanced functional fluorescent probes for cell plasma membranes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 69:102161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Xia Q, Wan W, Jin W, Huang Y, Sun R, Wang M, Jing B, Peng C, Dong X, Zhang R, Gao Z, Liu Y. Solvatochromic Cellular Stress Sensors Reveal the Compactness Heterogeneity and Dynamics of Aggregated Proteome. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1919-1925. [PMID: 35776067 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deterioration of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) often induces aberrant proteome aggregation. Visualization and dissection of the stressed proteome are of particular interest given their association with numerous degenerative diseases. Recent progress in chemical cellular stress sensors allows for direct visualization of aggregated proteome. Beyond its localization and morphology, the physicochemical nature and the dynamics of the aggregated proteome have been challenging to explore. Herein, we developed a series of solvatochromic fluorene-based D-π-A probes that can selectively and noncovalently bind to a misfolded and aggregated proteome and report on their compactness heterogeneity upon cellular stresses. We achieved this goal by variation of the heterocyclic acceptors to modulate their solvatochromism and binding affinity to amorphous aggregated proteins. The optimized sensor P6 was capable of sensing the polarity differences among different aggregated proteins via its fluorescence emission wavelength. In live cells, P6 revealed the cellular compactness heterogeneity in the aggregated proteome upon cellular stresses. Given the combinative solvatochromic and noncovalent properties, our probe can reversibly monitor the dynamic changes in the aggregated proteome compactness upon stress and after stress recovery, suggesting its potential applications in search of therapeutics to counteract disease-causing proteome stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxuan Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenhan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Rui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.,The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Congcong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.,The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xuepeng Dong
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Rixin Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhenming Gao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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26
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Lee Y, Kim D, Park SB. Systematic Exploration of Furoindolizine‐Based Molecular Frameworks towards a Versatile Fluorescent Platform. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200533. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Dahham Kim
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea
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27
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Sezgin E. Giant plasma membrane vesicles to study plasma membrane structure and dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183857. [PMID: 34990591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is a highly heterogenous structure intertwined with the cortical actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. This complex architecture makes it difficult to study the processes taking place at the PM. Model membrane systems that are simple mimics of the PM overcome this bottleneck and allow us to study the biophysical principles underlying the processes at the PM. Among them, cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) are considered the most physiologically relevant system, retaining the compositional complexity of the PM to a large extent. GPMVs have become a key tool in membrane research in the last few years. In this review, I will provide a brief overview of this system, summarize recent applications and discuss the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden.
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28
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Gao F, Tom E, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Dynamic Progress in Technological Advances to Study Lipids in Aging: Challenges and Future Directions. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:851073. [PMID: 35821837 PMCID: PMC9261449 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.851073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids participate in all cellular processes. Diverse methods have been developed to investigate lipid composition and distribution in biological samples to understand the effect of lipids across an organism’s lifespan. Here, we summarize the advanced techniques for studying lipids, including mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, lipid imaging, chemical-based lipid analysis and lipid engineering and their advantages. We further discuss the limitation of the current methods to gain an in-depth knowledge of the role of lipids in aging, and the possibility of lipid-based therapy in aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Emily Tom
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk,
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29
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Feng S, Liu Y, Li Q, Gui Z, Feng G. Two Water-Soluble and Wash-Free Fluorogenic Probes for Specific Lighting Up Cancer Cell Membranes and Tumors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1601-1607. [PMID: 35015515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The construction of microenvironment-sensitive probes with good cell membrane-targetability can reveal the fundamental properties of cell membranes. Herein, two polarity-sensitive probes, termed MEMs were reported for the first time to specifically light up cancer cell membranes. Both probes were designed with tetrahydroquinoxaline coumarin amide as the fluorophore, and quaternary ammonium groups were appended to increase water solubility and target cell membranes. In vitro studies showed that the fluorescence of both probes displayed strong polarity dependence and had a wide linear range to polarity (Δf). MEMs also displayed excellent cell membrane targeting ability and could long-term light up cell membranes with red fluorescence and a wash-free process. More excitingly, MEMs could specifically light up cancer cell membranes, revealing that cancer cells might have lower cell membrane polarity than normal cells. In vivo studies showed that MEMs could also effectively distinguish tumors from normal tissues. Overall, this work has not only developed two polarity-sensitive probes with good cell membrane targetability, but also provided new insights and methods for an in-depth understanding of cancer cells and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhisheng Gui
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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30
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García-Calvo J, López-Andarias J, Maillard J, Mercier V, Roffay C, Roux A, Fürstenberg A, Sakai N, Matile S. HydroFlipper membrane tension probes: imaging membrane hydration and mechanical compression simultaneously in living cells. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2086-2093. [PMID: 35308858 PMCID: PMC8849034 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HydroFlippers are introduced as the first fluorescent membrane tension probes that report simultaneously on membrane compression and hydration. The probe design is centered around a sensing cycle that couples the mechanical planarization of twisted push–pull fluorophores with the dynamic covalent hydration of their exocyclic acceptor. In FLIM images of living cells, tension-induced deplanarization is reported as a decrease in fluorescence lifetime of the dehydrated mechanophore. Membrane hydration is reported as the ratio of the photon counts associated to the hydrated and dehydrated mechanophores in reconvoluted lifetime frequency histograms. Trends for tension-induced decompression and hydration of cellular membranes of interest (MOIs) covering plasma membrane, lysosomes, mitochondria, ER, and Golgi are found not to be the same. Tension-induced changes in mechanical compression are rather independent of the nature of the MOI, while the responsiveness to changes in hydration are highly dependent on the intrinsic order of the MOI. These results confirm the mechanical planarization of push–pull probes in the ground state as most robust mechanism to routinely image membrane tension in living cells, while the availability of simultaneous information on membrane hydration will open new perspectives in mechanobiology. HydroFlippers respond to membrane compression and hydration in the same fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy histogram: the responses do not correlate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Calvo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier López-Andarias
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Maillard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Roffay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Westra M, Gutierrez Y, MacGillavry HD. Contribution of Membrane Lipids to Postsynaptic Protein Organization. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:790773. [PMID: 34887741 PMCID: PMC8649999 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.790773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise subsynaptic organization of proteins at the postsynaptic membrane controls synaptic transmission. In particular, postsynaptic receptor complexes are concentrated in distinct membrane nanodomains to optimize synaptic signaling. However, despite the clear functional relevance of subsynaptic receptor organization to synaptic transmission and plasticity, the mechanisms that underlie the nanoscale organization of the postsynaptic membrane remain elusive. Over the last decades, the field has predominantly focused on the role of protein-protein interactions in receptor trafficking and positioning in the synaptic membrane. In contrast, the contribution of lipids, the principal constituents of the membrane, to receptor positioning at the synapse remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, there is compelling evidence that the synaptic membrane is enriched in specific lipid species and that deregulation of lipid homeostasis in neurons severely affects synaptic functioning. In this review we focus on how lipids are organized at the synaptic membrane, with special emphasis on how current models of membrane organization could contribute to protein distribution at the synapse and synaptic transmission. Finally, we will present an outlook on how novel technical developments could be applied to study the dynamic interplay between lipids and proteins at the postsynaptic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Westra
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Gutierrez
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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32
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Carravilla P, Dasgupta A, Zhurgenbayeva G, Danylchuk DI, Klymchenko AS, Sezgin E, Eggeling C. Long-term STED imaging of membrane packing and dynamics by exchangeable polarity-sensitive dyes. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:None. [PMID: 34939048 PMCID: PMC8651516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the plasma membrane nanoscale organization and dynamics in living cells requires microscopy techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution that permit for long acquisition times and allow for the quantification of membrane biophysical properties, such as lipid ordering. Among the most popular super-resolution techniques, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy offers one of the highest temporal resolutions, ultimately defined by the scanning speed. However, monitoring live processes using STED microscopy is significantly limited by photobleaching, which recently has been circumvented by exchangeable membrane dyes that only temporarily reside in the membrane. Here, we show that NR4A, a polarity-sensitive exchangeable plasma membrane probe based on Nile red, permits the super-resolved quantification of membrane biophysical parameters in real time with high temporal and spatial resolution as well as long acquisition times. The potential of this polarity-sensitive exchangeable dye is showcased by live-cell real-time three-dimensional STED recordings of bleb formation and lipid exchange during membrane fusion as well as by STED-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments for the simultaneous quantification of membrane dynamics and lipid packing that correlate in model and live-cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carravilla
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anindita Dasgupta
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gaukhar Zhurgenbayeva
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dmytro I. Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Jena, Germany
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33
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Levitan I. Evaluating membrane structure by Laurdan imaging: Disruption of lipid packing by oxidized lipids. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 88:235-256. [PMID: 34862028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Impact of different lipids on membrane structure/lipid order is critical for multiple biological processes. Laurdan microscopy provides a unique tool to assess this property in heterogeneous biological membranes. This review describes the general principles of the approach and its application in model membranes and cells. It also provides an in-depth discussion of the insights obtained using Laurdan microscopy to evaluate the differential effects of cholesterol, oxysterols and oxidized phospholipids on lipid packing of ordered and disordered domains in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Levitan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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34
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Neto BAD, Correa JR, Spencer J. Fluorescent Benzothiadiazole Derivatives as Fluorescence Imaging Dyes: A Decade of New Generation Probes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103262. [PMID: 34643974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The current review describes advances in the use of fluorescent 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) derivatives after nearly one decade since the first description of bioimaging experiments using this class of fluorogenic dyes. The review describes the use of BTD-containing fluorophores applied as, inter alia, bioprobes for imaging cell nuclei, mitochondria, lipid droplets, sensors, markers for proteins and related events, biological processes and activities, lysosomes, plasma membranes, multicellular models, and animals. A number of physicochemical and photophysical properties commonly observed for BTD fluorogenic structures are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Jose R Correa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70904-900, Brazil
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
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Sych T, Gurdap CO, Wedemann L, Sezgin E. How Does Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Model Membranes Reflect Cell Membrane Heterogeneity? MEMBRANES 2021; 11:323. [PMID: 33925240 PMCID: PMC8146956 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although liquid-liquid phase separation of cytoplasmic or nuclear components in cells has been a major focus in cell biology, it is only recently that the principle of phase separation has been a long-standing concept and extensively studied in biomembranes. Membrane phase separation has been reconstituted in simplified model systems, and its detailed physicochemical principles, including essential phase diagrams, have been extensively explored. These model membrane systems have proven very useful to study the heterogeneity in cellular membranes, however, concerns have been raised about how reliably they can represent native membranes. In this review, we will discuss how phase-separated membrane systems can mimic cellular membranes and where they fail to reflect the native cell membrane heterogeneity. We also include a few humble suggestions on which phase-separated systems should be used for certain applications, and which interpretations should be avoided to prevent unreliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.S.); (C.O.G.); (L.W.)
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Kundu R, Chandra A, Datta A. Fluorescent Chemical Tools for Tracking Anionic Phospholipids. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Amitava Chandra
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
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Lamerton RE, Lightfoot A, Nieves DJ, Owen DM. The Role of Protein and Lipid Clustering in Lymphocyte Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600961. [PMID: 33767692 PMCID: PMC7986720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes must strike a delicate balance between activating in response to signals from potentially pathogenic organisms and avoiding activation from stimuli emanating from the body's own cells. For cells, such as T or B cells, maximizing the efficiency and fidelity, whilst minimizing the crosstalk, of complex signaling pathways is crucial. One way of achieving this control is by carefully orchestrating the spatiotemporal organization of signaling molecules, thereby regulating the rates of protein-protein interactions. This is particularly true at the plasma membrane where proximal signaling events take place and the phenomenon of protein microclustering has been extensively observed and characterized. This review will focus on what is known about the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and lipids at the cell surface, illustrating how such distributions can influence signaling in health and disease. We particularly focus on nanoscale molecular organization, which has recently become accessible for study through advances in microscope technology and analysis methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lamerton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abbey Lightfoot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Nieves
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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López-Andarias J, Straková K, Martinent R, Jiménez-Rojo N, Riezman H, Sakai N, Matile S. Genetically Encoded Supramolecular Targeting of Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes within Live Cells: Precisely Localized Controlled Release by External Chemical Stimulation. JACS AU 2021; 1:221-232. [PMID: 34467286 PMCID: PMC8395630 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To image membrane tension in selected membranes of interest (MOI) inside living systems, the field of mechanobiology requires increasingly elaborated small-molecule chemical tools. We have recently introduced HaloFlipper, i.e., a mechanosensitive flipper probe that can localize in the MOI using HaloTag technology to report local membrane tension changes using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. However, the linker tethering the probe to HaloTag hampers the lateral diffusion of the probe in all the lipid domains of the MOI. For a more global membrane tension measurement in any MOI, we present here a supramolecular chemistry strategy for selective localization and controlled release of flipper into the MOI, using a genetically encoded supramolecular tag. SupraFlippers, functionalized with a desthiobiotin ligand, can selectively accumulate in the organelle having expressed streptavidin. The addition of biotin as a biocompatible external stimulus with a higher affinity for Sav triggers the release of the probe, which spontaneously partitions into the MOI. Freed in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), SupraFlippers report the membrane orders along the secretory pathway from the ER over the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Kinetics of the process are governed by both the probe release and the transport through lipid domains. The concentration of biotin can control the former, while the expression level of a transmembrane protein (Sec12) involved in the stimulation of the vesicular transport from ER to Golgi influences the latter. Finally, the generation of a cell-penetrating and fully functional Sav-flipper complex using cyclic oligochalcogenide (COC) transporters allows us to combine the SupraFlipper strategy and HaloTag technology.
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Danylchuk DI, Jouard PH, Klymchenko AS. Targeted Solvatochromic Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Lipid Order in Organelles under Oxidative and Mechanical Stress. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:912-924. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro I. Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouard
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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Gonzalez-Garcia MC, Herrero-Foncubierta P, Garcia-Fernandez E, Orte A. Building Accurate Intracellular Polarity Maps through Multiparametric Microscopy. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3040078. [PMID: 33187290 PMCID: PMC7720129 DOI: 10.3390/mps3040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise knowledge of intracellular polarity, a physiological parameter that involves complex and intertwined intracellular mechanisms, may be relevant in the study of important diseases like cancer or Alzheimer’s. In this technical note, we illustrate our recently developed, accurate method for obtaining intracellular polarity maps employing potent fluorescence microscopy techniques. Our method is based on the selection of appropriate luminescent probes, in which several emission properties vary with microenvironment polarity, specifically spectral shifts and luminescence lifetime. A multilinear calibration is performed, correlating polarity vs. spectral shift vs. luminescence lifetime, to generate a powerful and error-free 3D space for reliable interpolation of microscopy data. Multidimensional luminescence microscopy is then used to obtain simultaneously spectral shift and luminescence lifetime images, which are then interpolated in the 3D calibration space, resulting in accurate, quantitative polarity maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Gonzalez-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.C.G.-G.); (P.H.-F.); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Pilar Herrero-Foncubierta
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.C.G.-G.); (P.H.-F.); (E.G.-F.)
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Emilio Garcia-Fernandez
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.C.G.-G.); (P.H.-F.); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Angel Orte
- Departamento de Fisicoquimica, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.C.G.-G.); (P.H.-F.); (E.G.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958243825
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Preferential Protein Partitioning in Biological Membrane with Coexisting Liquid Ordered and Liquid Disordered Phase Behavior: Underlying Design Principles. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:551-562. [PMID: 33170308 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies now show that certain proteins exhibit selective preference toward liquid ordered (L[Formula: see text]) or toward liquid disordered (L[Formula: see text]) regions of the heterogeneous membrane and some of them have preference for the L[Formula: see text]-L[Formula: see text] interface. Spatially heterogenous organization of lipids, enriched in specific protein molecules, function as platforms for signaling and are involved in several other physiologically critical functions. In this review, we collate together some of the experimental observations of cases where proteins preferentially segregate into different phases and highlight the importance of these preferential localization in terms of underlying functions. We also try to understand the structural features and chemical makeup of the membrane-interacting motifs of these proteins. Finally, we put forth some preliminary analysis on class I viral fusion proteins, some of which are known to partition at the L[Formula: see text]-L[Formula: see text] interface, and through them we try to understand the evolutionary design principles of phase segregating proteins. Put together, this review summarizes the existing studies on preferential partitioning of proteins into different membrane phases while emphasizing the need to understand the molecular design-level features that can help us "engineer" functionally rich peptides and proteins with a programmed membrane partitioning.
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