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Beggs C, Neelamraju C, Kaserzon SL, VanderGragt ML. Exposure and combined risk of pesticide mixtures in tropical wetland waters, Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 979:179454. [PMID: 40267645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Located within the Great Barrier Reef Catchment Area (GBRCA), the Herbert River Floodplain is designated as an area of nationally important wetlands. Furthermore, these wetlands provide a range of critical ecosystem services which protect the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage area ecosystem from land-based effects including agricultural runoff. The surrounding intensive agricultural land use puts these wetlands at risk of excessive loading of pesticides, which may result in species decline, loss of value and reduced function of ecosystem services. The aim of this study is to investigate the combined risk from the co-occurrence of pesticides in wetlands of the Herbert River Floodplain. Waters of five freshwater wetlands were monitored for 55 pesticides using a combination of grab and passive sampling techniques between February 2021 and March 2023. The combined mixture toxicity for up to 19 commonly detected pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) was estimated using the pesticide risk metric (PRM) model, calculated as the combined percentage of species affected (PAF). Thirty-six pesticides were detected in waters across five wetlands, eight of which exceeded regulatory guidelines at least once. Site-specific species protection goals were exceeded at least once at four of the five studied wetlands. Average monthly PAF (from passive sampling) was found to be increased during the wet season, though no increase in instantaneous PAF (from grab sampling) was detected in the wet season. Our findings indicate wetlands of the broader GBRCA are likely to be at risk due to pesticide exposure, and that this risk occurs during both wet and dry seasons. Risk periods in wetlands are not consistent with those previously observed in nearby rivers and creeks and should be monitored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Beggs
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Catherine Neelamraju
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Campbell Rd, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia; Department of Environment and Science, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Maria L VanderGragt
- Department of Environment and Science, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
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2
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Qin F, Zhao N, Yin G, Luo Y, Gan T. Toxicity Response and Swimming Speed Regularity in Daphnia magna After Short-Term Exposure to Diuron. TOXICS 2025; 13:395. [PMID: 40423474 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2025] [Revised: 05/12/2025] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025]
Abstract
The agricultural production process contributes to the global issue of pesticide pollution. Based on the static toxicity test of diuron (DCMU) on Daphnia magna (D. magna) for EC50-48 h, a concentration range of 0.2 to 1 mg/L was set as sublethal concentrations, while lethal concentrations were set at 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L. This study analyzes the toxic response patterns of the swimming behavior indicators of D. magna exposed to different concentrations of DCMU. The results showed that the average speed (V) of D. magna decreased step by step with exposure time, regardless of exposure to sublethal concentration or lethal concentration. However, during the same short-term exposure period, the V of D. magna at lethal concentration was higher than that at sublethal concentration, which indicates that the swimming behavior of D. magna exposed to DCMU may be stimulated and accelerated. Compared to the control group, there is a statistically significant difference in the V of D. magna after short-term exposure, especially showing an extremely significant difference after 5 min of exposure. Evidently, compared to the traditional 48 h static toxicity testing method, the swimming behavior indicators of D. magna show a more sensitive response to DCMU after 5 min of exposure, making it more suitable for rapid toxicity detection. By expanding the range of exposure concentrations, it was found that the V indicator of D. magna responded significantly to a DCMU concentration of 0.05 mg/L after only 5 min of exposure, and a high degree of correlation was observed between the indicator and the exposure concentration. Through nonlinear fitting, the relationship between V and the dose-effect of DCMU toxicity presents an S-shaped curve, with R2 > 0.9. Consequently, it becomes possible to study the dose-effect relationship between the changes in the swimming behavior indicators of D. magna and the stress concentration based on this theory. This further establishes a foundation for the development of comprehensive aquatic toxicity rapid detection technology based on the toxic response of swimming behavior indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nanjing Zhao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Gaofang Yin
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tingting Gan
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment, Hefei 230031, China
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Spataro F, Rauseo J, Øverjordet IB, Casoli E, Pescatore T, Franco F, Patrolecco L. Man-made emerging contaminants in the High-Arctic fjord Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago, Norway): Occurrence, sources and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 969:178936. [PMID: 40020589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
This study provides the first quantitative data on the presence of 17 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from various therapeutical classes in surface seawater from Kongsfjorden (KF, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, 79°00'N, 11°40'E), collected over five summers (2018-2022). The PPCPs (ciprofloxacin-CIP, enrofloxacin-ENR, amoxicillin-AMX, erythromycin-ERY, sulfamethoxazole-SMX, N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole-N4-SMX, carbamazepine-CBZ, diclofenac-DCF, ibuprofen-IBU, acetylsalicylic acid-ASP, paracetamol-PAR, caffeine-CFF, triclosan-TCL, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide-DEET, estrone-E1, 17β-estradiol-E2 and 17α-ethinyl estradiol-EE2) were also analysed in sewage from the wastewater treatment plant, serving Ny-Ålesund, located on KF's southern shore. Samples were processed using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass-spectrometry. An environmental risk assessment (ERA) was conducted to evaluate ecological and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risks and the cumulative risk from the chemical mixture. PPCPs detected in sewage were also found in seawater, with the highest concentrations in sewage for CFF (151.9 ± 8.7 ng/L) and ASP (122.5 ± 9.4 ng/L). In seawater, the main contributors were ASP (39.2 ± 12.9 ng/L) and EE2 (32.5 ± 11.9 ng/L), suggesting influences from local emissions, fjord circulation, and broader oceanic and atmospheric transport. The ERA identified CIP, DCF, IBU, CFF, TCL, E1, E2 and EE2 as potentially harmful to the Arctic marine ecosystem. When evaluated as a mixture, all compounds contributed additively to the overall risk. The AMR risk from the antibiotic ciprofloxacin was found to be low. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced monitoring of PPCPs and comprehensive ERAs of chemical mixtures to guide management strategies and protect sensitive Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spataro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Jasmin Rauseo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ida Beathe Øverjordet
- SINTEF Ocean, Department of Climate and Environment, Brattørkaia 17 C, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Edoardo Casoli
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tanita Pescatore
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Franco
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Patrolecco
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, Italy.
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Weichert FG, Inostroza PA, Ahlheim J, Backhaus T, Brack W, Brauns M, Fink P, Krauss M, Svedberg P, Hollert H. AI-aided chronic mixture risk assessment along a small European river reveals multiple sites at risk and pharmaceuticals being the main risk drivers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2025; 197:109370. [PMID: 40096793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
The vast amount of registered chemicals leads to a high diversity of substances occurring in the environment and the creation of new substances outpaces chemical risk assessment as well as monitoring strategies. Hence, risk assessment strategies need to be modified ensuring that they remain aligned with the rapid development and marketing of new substances. Here we performed a longitudinal chronic mixture risk assessment considering a real-world case study scenario with diverse anthropogenic impact types characterised by different land uses along a river in Central Germany. We sampled river water using large-volume solid phase extraction at six selected sampling sites. Following chemical analysis using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, we quantified 192 substances. For 34 % of them, we obtained empirical chronic effect data for freshwater organisms. Furthermore, we used the open-source artificial intelligence (AI) model TRIDENT to predict chronic toxicity for all substances. A multi-scenario mixture risk assessment was conducted for three taxonomic groups, using the concentration-addition concept and considering various hazard and exposure scenarios. The results showed that the chronic risk estimates for all taxonomic groups were considerably higher when the empirical data was amended with data from in silico modelling. We identified hotspots of chemical pollution and our analysis indicated that fish were the most vulnerable taxonomic group, with pharmaceuticals being the most relevant risk drivers. Our study exemplifies the application of an AI model to predict chronic risk for aquatic organisms in combination with the consideration of multiple risk scenarios that may complement future risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian G Weichert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Pedro A Inostroza
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jörg Ahlheim
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Werner Brack
- Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Brauns
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany; General Ecology, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrik Svedberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Inostroza PA, Jessen GL, Li F, Zhang X, Brack W, Backhaus T. Multi-compartment impact of micropollutants and particularly antibiotics on bacterial communities using environmental DNA at river basin-level. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2025; 366:125487. [PMID: 39644953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial communities respond to environmental conditions with diverse structural and functional changes depending on their compartment (water, biofilm or sediment), type of environmental stress, and type of pollution to which they are exposed. In this study, we combined amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from water, biofilm, and sediment samples collected in the anthropogenically impacted River Aconcagua basin (Central Chile, South America), in order to evaluate whether micropollutants alter bacterial community structure and functioning based on the type and degree of chemical pollution. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of bacterial communities from differently polluted sites to degrade contaminants. Our results show a lower diversity at sites impacted by agriculture and urban areas, featuring high loads of micropollution with pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products as well as industrial chemicals. Nutrients, antibiotic stress, and micropollutant loads explain most of the variability in the sediment and biofilm bacterial community, showing a significant increase of bacterial groups known for their capabilities to degrade various organic pollutants, such as Nitrospira and also selecting for taxa known for antibiotic resistance such as Exiguobacterium and Planomicrobium. Moreover, potential ecological functions linked to the biodegradation of toxic chemicals at the basin level revealed significant reductions in ecosystem-related services in sites affected by agriculture and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges across all investigated environmental compartments. Finally, we suggest transitioning from simple concentration-based assessments of environmental pollution to more meaningful toxic pressure values, measured environmental concentrations normalised by effect information, in order to comprehensively evaluate the role of micropollutants at the ecological (biodiversity) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Inostroza
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
| | - Gerdhard L Jessen
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile; Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Feilong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Exposome Science, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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6
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Mitchell HC, Warne MSJ, Mann RM, Neelamraju CA, Turner RDR. Aquatic hazard and risk posed by four pesticides detected in waterways discharging to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Part 2. Hazard and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 955:177040. [PMID: 39437920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) are regularly detected in the rivers, creeks, wetlands, and inshore waterways that discharge to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon. Pesticide active ingredients detected above ecologically protective concentrations may pose a hazard and risk to aquatic species. The ability to assess this hazard and risk is reliant on the availability of water quality guidelines, which are only available for a limited number of PAIs detected in GBR catchment waterways. Unendorsed guideline values, known as ecotoxicity threshold values (ETVs) were developed in part one of this study for active ingredients in two fungicides (4-hydroxychlorothalonil (fungicide degradate) and carbendazim) and two insecticides (dimethoate and methoxyfenozide) that are commonly detected in GBR catchment waterways. In the current study, the hazard and risk posed by these PAIs was assessed by comparing the ETVs to environmental monitoring data from the Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring Program. Exceedances of the concentrations that should protect 99 % of aquatic species (i.e., PC99) were observed for all four pesticides. Detected concentrations of 4-hydroxychlorothalonil, carbendazim and methoxyfenozide exceeded the PC95 ETV, however no exceedances of the PC95 were observed for dimethoate. The hazard quotient (HQ) method was used to identify high hazard sites across the GBR catchment area. In total, six sites were identified as having concentrations that exceeded the PC95 ETVs. For 4-hydroxychlorothalonil, the risk to aquatic species based on the 95th percentile concentrations ranged from 3 to 13 %, 1 to 8 % for carbendazim and 2 to 8 % for methoxyfenozide. Detected concentrations of carbendazim were two orders of magnitude higher than concentrations that are reported to induce behavioural effects in some fish species. Considering that detected concentrations of three of the four PAIs individually pose a potential risk to aquatic species, their contributions to pesticide mixture toxicity should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Mitchell
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael St J Warne
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Reinier M Mann
- Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine A Neelamraju
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ryan D R Turner
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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7
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Chen J, Zhao L, Wang B, He X, Duan L, Yu G. Uncovering global risk to human and ecosystem health from pesticides in agricultural surface water using a machine learning approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 194:109154. [PMID: 39615255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/22/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides typically co-occur in agricultural surface waters and pose a potential threat to human and ecosystem health. As pesticide screening in global agricultural surface waters is an immense analytical challenge, a detailed risk picture of pesticides in global agricultural surface waters is largely missing. Here, we create the first global maps of human health and ecological risk from pesticides in agricultural surface waters using random forest models based on 27,411 measurements of 309 pesticides and 30 geospatial parameters. Our global risk maps identify the hotspots, mainly in Southern Asia and Africa, with extensive pesticide use and poor wastewater management infrastructure. We identify 4 and 5 priority pesticides for protecting the human and ecosystem health, respectively. Importantly, we estimate that 305 million people worldwide are at potential health risk associated with the surface-water pesticide mixture exposure, with the vast majority (86%) being in Asia. We further identify the hotspots in the Ganges River basin in India, where more than 170 million people are at potential health risk. As pesticides are increasingly used to ensure the food production due to future population growth and climate change, our findings have implications for raising awareness of pesticide pollution, identifying the hotspots and helping to prioritize testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyi He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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8
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Mitchell HC, Warne MSJ, Mann RM, King OC, Turner RDR. Ecotoxicity threshold values for 4-hydroxychlorothalonil, carbendazim, dimethoate and methoxyfenozide in fresh and marine waters: Part 1. Derivation of threshold values. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174578. [PMID: 38981541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide active ingredients are frequently detected in the rivers, creeks, wetlands, estuaries, and marine waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) region and are one of the main contributors to poor water quality. Pesticide concentrations detected in the environment through water quality monitoring programs can be compared against estimates of ecologically "safe" concentrations (i.e., water quality guidelines) to assess the potential hazard and risk posed to aquatic ecosystems. Water quality guidelines are also required to estimate the aquatic risk posed by pesticide mixtures, which is used for the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan pesticide target. Seventy-four pesticide active ingredients and their degradates are frequently detected in GBR catchment waterways, however many do not have water quality guidelines in the Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. The current study derives ecotoxicity threshold values (ETVs) as unendorsed guideline values for active ingredients in two fungicides (4-hydroxychlorothalonil (fungicide degradate) and carbendazim) and two insecticides (dimethoate and methoxyfenozide) that are commonly detected in GBR catchment waterways. The proposed ETVs have been derived using species sensitivity distributions, as recommended in the Australian and New Zealand nationally endorsed method for deriving water quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystem protection. Four ETVs were derived for each chemical with values that should theoretically protect 99, 95, 90 and 80 % of species (i.e., PC99, PC95, PC90, PC80, respectively). The PC99 and PC95 values for 4-hydroxychlorothalonil, carbendazim, dimethoate and methoxyfenozide were 0.49 μg/L and 4 μg/L, 0.029 μg/L and 0.45 μg/L, 0.11 μg/L and 5.8 μg/L and 0.19 μg/L and 2 μg/L, respectively. The ETVs will be used in an ecological hazard and risk assessment across GBR waterways in part two of this study. The ETVs can also be used to assess potential risk across Australia and internationally where monitoring data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Mitchell
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael St J Warne
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Reinier M Mann
- Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Olivia C King
- Environment Protection Science Branch, New South Wales Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Sydney, New South Wales 2124, Australia
| | - Ryan D R Turner
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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9
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Zhang X, Li L, Xie Z, Ma J, Li YF, Cai M, Ren NQ, Kallenborn R, Zhang ZF, Zhang X, C.G. Muir D. Exploring global oceanic persistence and ecological effects of legacy persistent organic pollutants across five decades. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado5534. [PMID: 39321284 PMCID: PMC11423884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Global monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has intensified following regulatory efforts aimed at reducing their release. In this context, we compiled over 10,000 POP measurements, reported from 1980 to 2023, to assess the effectiveness of these legislative measures in the global marine environments. While a general decreasing trend in legacy POP concentrations is evident across various maritime regions, highlighting the success of source control measures, the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas have experienced a rise in POP levels. This increase suggests the northward migration of pollutants via ocean currents from mid-latitude regions to polar areas. Despite global efforts to reduce emissions, the continued transport and accumulation of pollutants to the Arctic regions may have substantial ecological impacts. Addressing these environmental challenges demands a thorough understanding of POP dynamics, including response times, multiphase transport, and biogeochemical cycling. Continued research into these processes is vital to accurately map their distribution and temporal variations within marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno NV 89557, USA
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Minghong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1430, Norway
- University of the Arctic, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Geography, Planning & Environment, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Derek C.G. Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S1A1, Canada
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10
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Hook SE, Smith RA, Waltham N, Warne MSJ. Pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef catchment area: Plausible risks to fish populations. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:1256-1279. [PMID: 37994614 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Waterways that drain the Great Barrier Reef catchment area (GBRCA) transport pollutants to marine habitats, provide a critical corridor between freshwater and marine habitats for migratory fish species, and are of high socioecological value. Some of these waterways contain concentrations of pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) that exceed Australian ecotoxicity threshold values (ETVs) for ecosystem protection. In this article, we use a "pathway to harm" model with five key criteria to assess whether the available information supports the hypothesis that PAIs are or could have harmful effects on fish and arthropod populations. Strong evidence of the first three criteria and circumstantial weaker evidence of the fourth and fifth criteria are presented. Specifically, we demonstrate that exceedances of Australian and New Zealand ETVs for ecosystem protection are widespread in the GBRCA, that the PAI contaminated water occurs (spatially and temporally) in important habitats for fisheries, and that there are clear direct and indirect mechanisms by which PAIs could cause harmful effects. The evidence of individuals and populations of fish and arthropods being adversely affected species is more circumstantial but consistent with PAIs causing harmful effects in the freshwater ecosystems of Great Barrier Reef waterways. We advocate strengthening the links between PAI concentrations and fish health because of the cultural values placed on the freshwater ecosystems by relevant stakeholders and Traditional Owners, with the aim that stronger links between elevated PAI concentrations and changes in recreationally and culturally important fish species will inspire improvements in water quality. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1256-1279. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia and The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael A Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan Waltham
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael St J Warne
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Water Quality and Investigations, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, West Midlands, UK
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11
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Inostroza PA, Elgueta S, Krauss M, Brack W, Backhaus T. A multi-scenario risk assessment strategy applied to mixtures of chemicals of emerging concern in the River Aconcagua basin in Central Chile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171054. [PMID: 38378069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessments strategies that account for the complexity of exposures are needed in order to evaluate the toxic pressure of emerging chemicals, which also provide suggestions for risk mitigation and management, if necessary. Currently, most studies on the co-occurrence and environmental impacts of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) are conducted in countries of the Global North, leaving massive knowledge gaps in countries of the Global South. In this study, we implement a multi-scenario risk assessment strategy to improve the assessment of both the exposure and hazard components in the chemical risk assessment process. Our strategy incorporates a systematic consideration and weighting of CECs that were not detected, as well as an evaluation of the uncertainties associated with Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) predictions for chronic ecotoxicity. Furthermore, we present a novel approach to identifying mixture risk drivers. To expand our knowledge beyond well-studied aquatic ecosystems, we applied this multi-scenario strategy to the River Aconcagua basin of Central Chile. The analysis revealed that the concentrations of CECs exceeded acceptable risk thresholds for selected organism groups and the most vulnerable taxonomic groups. Streams flowing through agricultural areas and sites near the river mouth exhibited the highest risks. Notably, the eight risk drivers among the 153 co-occurring chemicals accounted for 66-92 % of the observed risks in the river basin. Six of them are pesticides and pharmaceuticals, chemical classes known for their high biological activity in specific target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Inostroza
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Elgueta
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias (NCAA), Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Sede Providencia, Chile
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Neale PA, Neelamraju C, Warne MSJ. Derivation of species sensitivity distributions and ecotoxicity threshold values for 66 pesticide active ingredients and the hazard and risk they pose to freshwater waterways that discharge to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170988. [PMID: 38365043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide active ingredients (PAIs) are one of the main contributors affecting water quality in the Great Barrier Reef Catchment Area (GBRCA). While an extensive list of pesticides is monitored in the GBRCA, only a limited number have water quality guideline values (WQGs), meaning it is not possible to know whether these PAIs are present at concentrations that may pose a hazard to the aquatic environment. In the current study, we derived 66 ecotoxicity threshold values (ETVs) for PAIs, the equivalent of WQGs, with a focus on PAIs applied to sugar cane. The hazard posed by PAIs monitored as part of the Great Barrier Reef Catchment Loads Monitoring Program (GBRCLMP) was assessed by comparing the derived ETVs with monitoring data from 2016/2017 to 2021/2022. The derived ETVs included herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, with the values that should protect 99 or 95 % of aquatic species (PC99 or PC95) spanning nine orders of magnitude. The concentrations of 10 PAIs exceeded their respective ETVs, giving a hazard quotient (HQ) >1. Of particular concern were insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon and methomyl, which have maximum HQ values >10. However, joint probability plots indicated that the PAIs generally pose a low risk to the aquatic environment, with most samples below the limit of reporting. As PAIs are predominantly found in mixtures in the GBRCA, the hazard posed by PAI mixtures was assessed by summing all individual HQ values in a sample for all PAIs with an ETV or WQG. On average, the insecticide active ingredient imidacloprid and herbicide active ingredients metolachlor, metsulfuron methyl, diuron and imazepic were the drivers of combined mixture hazard. Methomyl was an important contributor at some sites, suggesting that this pesticide should be considered for inclusion in any future PAI mixture hazard and/or risk assessment of the GBRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Neale
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - C Neelamraju
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - M St J Warne
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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13
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wurjihu S, Ruan H, Huang Y, Guo M, Kong D, Luo J, Yang M. Comprehensive analysis of neonicotinoids in Chinese commercial honey and pollen: A corresponding health risk assessment for non-targeted organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170937. [PMID: 38360305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are broad-spectrum and highly effective insecticides that work by affecting neural activity in insects. Neonicotinoids are systemic pesticides that are absorbed by plants, transported, and accumulated in plant tissues, including nectar and pollen. Currently, there is a lack of a comprehensive assessment of the level of neonicotinoid contamination and the associated health risks to non-targeted organisms in commercial honey and pollen produced in China. This study collected 160 batches of honey and 26 batches of pollen from different regions and plant sources in China, analyzed the residue patterns of neonicotinoid pesticides, and comprehensively evaluated the exposure risks to non-targeted organisms including bees (adults and larvae) and humans. Furthermore, this study addresses this imperative by establishing a high-throughput, rapid, and ultra-sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies to detect and quantify neonicotinoids, with validation conducted using the LC-MS/MS method. The findings indicated that 59.4 % of honey samples contained at least one of eight neonicotinoids, and the ic-ELISA rapid detection and calculation method could detect all the samples containing neonicotinoids. Additionally, the dietary risk assessment for humans and honeybees indicates that the consumption of a specific quantity of honey may not pose a health risk to human due to neonicotinoid intake. However, the Risk Quotient values for imidacloprid to adult bees and bee larvae, as well as clothianidin to bee larvae, were determined to be 2.22, 5.03, and 1.01, respectively-each exceeding 1. This highlights the elevated risk of acute toxicity posed by imidacloprid and clothianidin residues to honey bees. The study bears significant implications for the safety evaluation of non-targeted organisms in the natural food chain. Moreover, it provides scientific guidance for protecting the diversity and health of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanbaga Wurjihu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Haonan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China.
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14
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Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang Q, Yuan M, Zhu X, Li Y, Li Q, Downs CA, Huang D, Chou LM, Zhao H. Environmental Concentrations of Herbicide Prometryn Render Stress-Tolerant Corals Susceptible to Ocean Warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4545-4557. [PMID: 38386019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Global warming has caused the degradation of coral reefs around the world. While stress-tolerant corals have demonstrated the ability to acclimatize to ocean warming, it remains unclear whether they can sustain their thermal resilience when superimposed with other coastal environmental stressors. We report the combined impacts of a photosystem II (PSII) herbicide, prometryn, and ocean warming on the stress-tolerant coral Galaxea fascicularis through physiological and omics analyses. The results demonstrate that the heat-stress-induced inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency in G. fascicularis is exacerbated in the presence of prometryn. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicate that the prometryn exposure may overwhelm the photosystem repair mechanism in stress-tolerant corals, thereby compromising their capacity for thermal acclimation. Moreover, prometryn might amplify the adverse effects of heat stress on key energy and nutrient metabolism pathways and induce a stronger response to oxidative stress in stress-tolerant corals. The findings indicate that the presence of prometryn at environmentally relevant concentrations would render corals more susceptible to heat stress and exacerbate the breakdown of coral Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis. The present study provides valuable insights into the necessity of prioritizing PSII herbicide pollution reduction in coral reef protection efforts while mitigating the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meile Yuan
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Qipei Li
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Craig A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, Virginia 24533, United States
| | - Danwei Huang
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117377, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Loke-Ming Chou
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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15
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Furtak A, Szafranek-Nakonieczna A, Furtak K, Pytlak A. A review of organophosphonates, their natural and anthropogenic sources, environmental fate and impact on microbial greenhouse gases emissions - Identifying knowledge gaps. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120453. [PMID: 38430886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphonates (OPs) are a unique group of natural and synthetic compounds, characterised by the presence of a stable, hard-to-cleave bond between the carbon and phosphorus atoms. OPs exhibit high resistance to abiotic degradation, excellent chelating properties and high biological activity. Despite the huge and increasing scale of OP production and use worldwide, little is known about their transportation and fate in the environment. Available data are dominated by information concerning the most recognised organophosphonate - the herbicide glyphosate - while other OPs have received little attention. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge about natural and artificial OPs is presented (including glyphosate). Based on the available literature, a number of knowledge gaps have been identified that need to be filled in order to understand the environmental effects of these abundant compounds. Special attention has been given to GHG-related processes, with a particular focus on CH4. This stems from the recent discovery of OP-dependent CH4 production in aqueous environments under aerobic conditions. The process has changed the perception of the biogeochemical cycle of CH4, since it was previously thought that biological methane formation was only possible under anaerobic conditions. However, there is a lack of knowledge on whether OP-associated methane is also formed in soils. Moreover, it remains unclear whether anthropogenic OPs affect the CH4 cycle, a concern of significant importance in the context of the increasing rate of global warming. The literature examined in this review also calls for additional research into the date of OPs in waste and sewage and in their impact on environmental microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Furtak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Institute of Medical Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Furtak
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Krańcowa 8, INCBR Centre, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Pytlak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland.
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Yang L, He X, Ru S, Zhang Y. Herbicide leakage into seawater impacts primary productivity and zooplankton globally. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1783. [PMID: 38413588 PMCID: PMC10899588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Predicting the magnitude of herbicide impacts on marine primary productivity remains challenging because the extent of worldwide herbicide pollution in coastal waters and the concentration-response relationships of phytoplankton communities to multiple herbicides are unclear. By analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of herbicides at 661 bay and gulf stations worldwide from 1990 to 2022, we determined median, third quartile and maximum concentrations of 12 triazine herbicides of 0.18 nmol L-1, 1.27 nmol L-1 and 29.50 nmol L-1 (95%Confidence Interval: CI 1.06, 1.47), respectively. Under current herbicide stress, phytoplankton primary productivity was inhibited by more than 5% at 25% of the sites and by more than 10% at 10% of the sites (95%CI 3.67, 4.34), due to the inhibition of highly abundant sensitive species, community structure/particle size succession (from Bacillariophyta to Dinophyceae and from nano-phytoplankton to micro-phytoplankton), and resulting growth rate reduction. Concurrently, due to food chain cascade effects, the dominant micro-zooplankton population shifted from larger copepod larvae to smaller unicellular ciliates, which might prolong the transmission process in marine food chain and reduce the primary productivity transmission efficiency. As herbicide application rates on farmlands worldwide are correlated with residues in their adjacent seas, a continued future increase in herbicide input may seriously affect the stability of coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Xiaotong He
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
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17
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Jamal E, Reichelt-Brushett A, Gillmore M, Pearson B, Benkendorff K. Pesticide occurrence in a subtropical estuary, Australia: Complementary sampling methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123084. [PMID: 38065335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pesticide run-off in the aquatic environment is ecologically important. Effective methods are required to detect the wide range of possible pesticides that enter estuaries from the surrounding catchment. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pesticides in the Richmond River estuary, Australia, and compare the effectiveness of using oysters and Chemcatcher® passive sampling devices against composite water samples. Samples were collected from six sites during two sampling periods: from January to March 2020 (4 weekly composite water samples and oyster collections) and from February to March 2021 (8 twice weekly composite water samples and Chemcatcher® deployment). Samples were analysed for up to 174 pesticides. A total of 21 pesticides were detected across all sites using all methods. The number of pesticides and mixture of pesticides detected in the 2020 sampling was higher in oyster samples than in water samples. In 2021, Chemcatcher® samplers detected more pesticides than in water samples. Herbicides were the most common in all samples. Insecticides and most fungicides were detected only in oysters and Chemcatcher®. Overall, the use of three complementary sampling approaches demonstrated a high level of pesticide input into the Richmond River estuary, highlighting the usefulness of oysters as biomonitors for some pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Jamal
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University, Indonesia
| | | | - Megan Gillmore
- Department of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan Pearson
- Department of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Australia
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18
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Spilsbury F, Kisielius V, Bester K, Backhaus T. Ecotoxicological mixture risk assessment of 35 pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents following post-treatment with ozone and/or granulated activated carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167440. [PMID: 37774874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the risk posed by mixtures of pharmaceuticals is a goal of current initiatives such as the European Green Deal to reduce anthropological environmental impacts. Wastewater effluent typically contains large numbers of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). For some APIs, existing technology such as conventional activated sludge (CAS) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have removal rates below 20 %, thus the WWTP discharges are adding to the toxic burden of receiving waters. We present an environmental risk assessment of mixtures of 35 APIs in effluent samples from 82 Northern European WWTPs using the concentration addition model, and identify the respective risk-driving APIs. This is then compared to a corresponding mixture risk assessment of effluent samples from the Danish Hillerød WWTP subjected to post-treatment with varying specific ozone doses (0.15-1.05 mgO3/mgDOC) and/or granulated activated carbon (GAC). All 82 WWTP effluent samples exceeded risk thresholds by at least a factor of 30, with a median RQSUM of 92.9, highlighting the need for effluent post-treatment and/or a substantial dilution in the recipient waters. Antibiotics, analgesics and anti-depressants were among the top risk drivers with 99 % of the average mixture risk attributable to azithromycin, diclofenac, venlafaxine, clarithromycin and mycophenolic acid. Effluent mixture risk was reduced by ozonation in a concentration-dependent manner, decreasing below threshold levels to a median RQSUM of 0.83 following treatment with 0.65 mgO3/mg DOC. Fresh GAC was also effective at reducing the mixture risk both alone and with ozone treatment, with median RQSUM of 0.04 and 0.07 respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present a risk assessment of pharmaceutical mixtures in effluent comparing "conventional" WWTP processes with additional post-treatment with ozone and/or GAC for reducing the joint risks of pharmaceutical mixtures for recipient waters. We demonstrate the need for additional WWTP treatment technologies, and the efficacy of GAC and ozonation in decreasing the risk to the aquatic environment from pharmaceutical mixtures to below acceptable threshold limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Spilsbury
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Vaidotas Kisielius
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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19
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Knight ER, Verhagen R, Mueller JF, Tscharke BJ. Spatial and temporal trends of 64 pesticides and their removal from Australian wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166816. [PMID: 37689203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are necessary for the control of pest plant, fungi and insect species. After application, they may find their way into waste streams, such as municipal sewage, where their spatio-temporal distribution has not been well characterised. To further understand the spatio-temporal distribution and to evaluate potential sources and fate after treatment, 64 pesticides were analysed in matched influents and effluents of 22 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from across Australia. The pesticides consisted of 30 herbicides and 8 herbicide metabolites or transformation products, 16 insecticides and 10 fungicides. The samples were 1084 24-hr composite samples pooled into 113 samples. Pools represented two influent and one effluent pools at each of 22 sites in 2019, as well as two pools per year from 2009 to 2021 for an 11-year long-term temporal trend at a subset of two locations. The total population served by the 22 sites was equivalent to ~41 % of the Australian population. Of the 64 pesticides, 25 were detected in influent, with highest influent concentrations up to 100 μg/L and effluent concentrations up to 16 μg/L for the herbicide 2,4-D. The total mass of pesticides was extrapolated to Australia, suggesting ~33 t of the targeted pesticides entered WWTP influent annually nation-wide, with 14 t emitted into effluents annually. Long-term trends varied by analyte and for carbendazim decreases over time, may be related to restrictions in use. Risk quotients (RQs) were calculated for 14 analytes in the effluent. 35 % had an RQ above one, indicating a potential environmental risk. Fipronil had the highest RQ (49) at Site 6. The population-normalized mass loads of pesticides were site-specific, and in some cases correlated with land use attributes suggestive of point sources. This reflects a need to better characterise sources to enable prevention, or possible pre-treatment of pesticide-containing wastewater entering municipal sewage streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Knight
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Rory Verhagen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ben J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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20
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Zhao M, Wu J, Figueiredo DM, Zhang Y, Zou Z, Cao Y, Li J, Chen X, Shi S, Wei Z, Li J, Zhang H, Zhao E, Geissen V, Ritsema CJ, Liu X, Han J, Wang K. Spatial-temporal distribution and potential risk of pesticides in ambient air in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108342. [PMID: 38006771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of pesticides in the North China Plain (NCP) has resulted in widespread contamination of pesticides in the local atmosphere, posing risks to air quality and human health. However, the occurrence and distribution of atmospheric pesticides in the NCP as well as their risk assessment have not been well investigated. In this study, 300 monthly samples were collected using passive air samplers with polyurethane foam at ten rural sites with different crop systems in Quzhou county, the NCP, from June 2021 to May 2022. The pesticides were quantified using mass-spectrometric techniques. Our results revealed that chlorpyrifos, carbendazim, and atrazine were the most frequently found pesticides in the air samples, with detection frequencies of ≥ 87 % across the samples. The average concentrations of atmospheric pesticides during spring (7.47 pg m-3) and summer (16.05 pg m-3) were significantly higher than those during autumn (2.04 pg m-3) and winter (1.71 pg m-3), attributable to the intensified application of pesticides during the warmer seasons. Additionally, cash crop sites exhibited higher concentrations (10.26 pg m-3) of atmospheric pesticides compared to grain crop (5.59 pg m-3) and greenhouse sites (3.81 pg m-3), primarily due to more frequent pesticides spraying events in cash crop fields. These findings indicate a distinct spatial-temporal distribution pattern of atmospheric pesticides influenced by both seasons and crop systems. Furthermore, the model-based inhalation risk assessment indicates that inhalation exposure to atmospheric pesticides is unlikely to pose a significant public concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Daniel M Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yun Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyu Zou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Xinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinzhou 034099, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Xinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinzhou 034099, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ercheng Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Liu Y, Su B, Mu H, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wu B. Effects of point and nonpoint source pollution on urban rivers: From the perspective of pollutant composition and toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132441. [PMID: 37703739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharge is considered to be one of the anthropogenic factors affecting the water quality of urban rivers. The source and composition of wastewater are complex and diverse, and it is difficult to evaluate its effect on water quality and ecological health of receiving waters. Environmental DNA method can determine all species living in waters by examining DNA sequences, reflecting the impact of water quality changes on aquatic systems. In this study, water samples from two urban rivers were collected in dry and wet seasons, and the composition of pollutants was investigated by nontarget screening. Based on the pollutant composition, compound toxicity prediction and concentration addition model were used to predict the toxicity changes of pollutants in the urban rivers. More than 1500 suspect organic pollutants were nontarget screened, and silafluofen was found to be a major toxicity contributor. Environmental DNA analysis was combined with water quality measure and pollutant toxicity prediction to reveal the effects of pollutants from different sources on aquatic ecosystems. Fish diversity was negatively correlated with the mixed toxicity of organic pollutants, suggesting potential ecological risk in these two urban rivers. Our study developed a water quality assessment method based on pollutant composition and toxicity, and the potential risk of nonpoint source pollutants on aquatic ecosystems should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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22
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Kang D, Lee H, Bae H, Jeon J. Comparative insight of pesticide transformations between river and wetland systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163172. [PMID: 37003314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides threatens the environment and ecosystems. Despite the positive effects of plant protection products, pesticides also have unexpected negative effects on nontarget organisms. The microbial biodegradation of pesticides is one of the major pathways for reducing their risks at aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to compare the biodegradability of pesticides in simulated wetland and river systems. Parallel experiments were conducted with 17 pesticides based on the OECD 309 guidelines. A comprehensive analytical method, such as target screening combined with suspect and non-target screening, was performed to evaluate the biodegradation via identification of transformation products (TPs) using LC-HRMS. As evidence of biodegradation, we identified 97 TPs for 15 pesticides. Metolachlor and dimethenamid had 23 and 16 TPs, respectively, including Phase II glutathione conjugates. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequences for microbials characterized operational taxonomic units. Rheinheimera and Flavobacterium, which have the potential for glutathione S-transferase, were dominant in wetland systems. Estimation of toxicity, biodegradability, and hydrophobicity using QSAR prediction indicated lower environmental risks of detected TPs. We conclude that the wetland system is more favorable for pesticide degradation and risk mitigation mainly attributed to the abundance and variety of the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Lee
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Hennig TB, Bandeira FO, Puerari RC, Fraceto LF, Matias WG. A systematic review of the toxic effects of a nanopesticide on non-target organisms: Estimation of protective concentrations using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach - The case of atrazine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162094. [PMID: 36764548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanopesticides, such as nanoencapsulated atrazine (nATZ), have been studied and developed as eco-friendly alternatives to control weeds in fields, requiring lower doses. This review contains a historical and systematic literature review about the toxicity of nATZ to non-target species. In addition, the study establishes protective concentrations for non-target organisms through a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. Through the systematic search, we identified 3197 publications. Of these, 14 studies addressed "(nano)atrazine's toxicity to non-target organisms". Chronological and geographic data on the publication of articles, characterization of nATZ (type of nanocarrier, size, polydispersity index, zeta potential), experimental design (test species, exposure time, measurements, methodology, tested concentrations), and toxic effects are summarized and discussed. The data indicate that cell and algal models do not show sensitivity to nATZ, while many terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, aquatic vertebrates, microorganisms, and plants have high sensitivity to nAZT. The SSD results indicated that D. similis is the most sensitive species to nATZ, followed by C. elegans, E. crypticus, and P. subcapitata. However, the limitations in terms of the number of species and endpoints available to elaborate the SSD reflect gaps in knowledge of the effects of nATZ on different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa Puerari
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University, Av. Três de Março, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil.
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24
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Stehle S, Ovcharova V, Wolfram J, Bub S, Herrmann LZ, Petschick LL, Schulz R. Neonicotinoid insecticides in global agricultural surface waters - Exposure, risks and regulatory challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161383. [PMID: 36621497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides worldwide. However, the widespread usage of neonicotinoids has sparked concerns over their effects on non-target ecosystems including surface waters. We present here a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 peer-reviewed studies (1998-2022) reporting measured insecticide concentrations (MICs; n = 3983) for neonicotinoids in global surface waters resulting from agricultural nonpoint source pollution. We used compound-specific regulatory threshold levels for water (RTLSW) and sediment (RTLSED) defined for pesticide authorization in Canada, the EU and the US, and multispecies endpoints (MSESW) to assess acute and chronic risks of global neonicotinoid water-phase (MICSW; n = 3790) and sediment (MICSED; n = 193) concentrations. Results show a complete lack of exposure information for surface waters in >90 % of agricultural areas globally. However, available data indicates for MICSW overall acute risks to be low (6.7 % RTLSW_acute exceedances), but chronic risks to be of concern (20.7 % RTLSW_chronic exceedances); exceedance frequencies were particularly high for chronic MSESW (63.3 %). We found RTLSW exceedances to be highest for imidacloprid and in less regulated countries. Linear model analysis revealed risks for global agricultural surface waters to decrease significantly over time, potentially biased by the lack of sensitive analytical methods in early years of neonicotinoid monitoring. The Canadian, EU and US RTLSW differ considerably (up to factors of 223 for RTLSW_acute and 13,889 for RTLSW_chronic) for individual neonicotinoids, indicating large uncertainties and regulatory challenges in defining robust and protective RTLs. We conclude that protective threshold levels, in concert with increasing monitoring efforts targeting agricultural surface waters worldwide, are essential to further assess the ecological consequences from anticipated increases of agricultural neonicotinoid uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stehle
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Viktoriia Ovcharova
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jakob Wolfram
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sascha Bub
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Larissa Zoë Herrmann
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Lara Luisa Petschick
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eusserthal Ecosystem Research Station, University Koblenz-Landau, 76857 Eusserthal, Germany
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25
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Benaïssa A, Bouhadiba A, Naili N, Chekkal F, Khelfaoui M, Bouras I, Madjram MS, Zouchoune B, Mogalli S, Malfi N, Nouar L, Madi F. Computational investigation of dimethoate and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: molecular structures, intermolecular interactions, and electronic analysis. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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26
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Silburn DM, Fillols E, Rojas-Ponce S, Lewis S, McHugh AD. Direct comparison of runoff of residual and knockdown herbicides in sugarcane using a rainfall simulator finds large difference in runoff losses and toxicity relative to diuron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160976. [PMID: 36535468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Runoff losses of herbicides have rarely been compared simultaneously under the same conditions. Our aim was to directly compare herbicide runoff losses, normalised for the amount present (relative runoff loads) and in absolute terms. Toxicity and runoff concentrations were combined to provide a risk ranking relative to diuron. Four rainfall simulation trials were conducted in sugarcane in the Great Barrier Reef catchment. Herbicides studied were older PSII residuals (atrazine, ametryn, diuron, hexazinone), alternative residuals (isoxaflutole, imazapic, metribuzin, metolachlor, pendimethalin) and knockdown herbicides (glyphosate, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr) and the tracer bromide (Br). Simulations were conducted two days after spraying, before differences due to half-lives were apparent. Two trials had bare soil and two had sugarcane trash. Herbicide runoff losses and concentrations were closely related to the amount applied, runoff amounts and partitioning coefficients. Relative runoff losses and absolute losses were similar for most older and alternative residual herbicides, 2,4-D and Br. Glyphosate and pendimethalin relative runoff losses were low, due to greater sorption. Isoxaflutole, imazapic, and fluroxypyr are applied at much lower rates and runoff losses were low. Herbicides were lost in the dissolved phase, except pendimethalin. There was a large range in toxicity relative to diuron. There is a range of herbicide choices posing less offsite risk than diuron and ametryn, which have high application rates and high toxicity. Herbicide choice should consider application rate, runoff losses, sorption, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mark Silburn
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 318, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
| | - Emilie Fillols
- Sugar Research Australia Ltd, PO Box 122, Gordonvale 4865, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel Rojas-Ponce
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 318, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| | - Steve Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - A D McHugh
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
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27
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Shen C, Pan X, Wu X, Xu J, Zheng Y, Dong F. Computer-aided toxicity prediction and potential risk assessment of two novel neonicotinoids, paichongding and cycloxaprid, to hydrobionts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160605. [PMID: 36460103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Paichongding (IPP) and cycloxaprid (CYC) have been effectively used as the alternative products of imidacloprid (IMI) against IMI-resistant insects and exhibit a great market potential. However, risk assessment of IPP and CYC for non-target organisms, especially ecological risk assessment for non-target aquatic organisms, is still lacking. Here, we predicted the toxicity and potential risks of IPP, CYC, and their transformation products (TPs) to hydrobionts. The results indicated that IPP and CYC could generate 428 and 113 TPs, respectively, via aerobic microbial transformation. Nearly half of the IPP TPs and nearly 41 % of the CYC TPs exhibited high or moderate toxicity to Daphnia or fish. Moreover, we found that IPP, CYC, and 80 TPs of them posed potential risks to aquatic ecosystems. Almost all harmful TPs contained a 6-chloropyridine ring structure, suggesting that this structure may be associated with the strong toxicity of these TPs to aquatic organisms, and these TPs (IPP-TP2 or CYC-TP2, IPP-TP197 or CYC-TP71, IPP-TP198 or CYC-TP72, and IPP-TP212 or CYC-TP80) may appear in aquatic environments as final products. The risks posed by these TPs to aquatic ecosystems require more attention. This study provides insights into the toxicity and ecological risks of IPP and CYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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28
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Owsianiak M, Hauschild MZ, Posthuma L, Saouter E, Vijver MG, Backhaus T, Douziech M, Schlekat T, Fantke P. Ecotoxicity characterization of chemicals: Global recommendations and implementation in USEtox. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136807. [PMID: 36228725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals emitted to the environment affect ecosystem health from local to global scale, and reducing chemical impacts has become an important element of European and global sustainability efforts. The present work advances ecotoxicity characterization of chemicals in life cycle impact assessment by proposing recommendations resulting from international expert workshops and work conducted under the umbrella of the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative in the GLAM project (Global guidance on environmental life cycle impact assessment indicators). We include specific recommendations for broadening the assessment scope through proposing to introduce additional environmental compartments beyond freshwater and related ecotoxicity indicators, as well as for adapting the ecotoxicity effect modelling approach to better reflect environmentally relevant exposure levels and including to a larger extent chronic test data. As result, we (1) propose a consistent mathematical framework for calculating freshwater ecotoxicity characterization factors and their underlying fate, exposure and effect parameters; (2) implement the framework into the USEtox scientific consensus model; (3) calculate characterization factors for chemicals reported in an inventory of a life cycle assessment case study on rice production and consumption; and (4) investigate the influence of effect data selection criteria on resulting indicator scores. Our results highlight the need for careful interpretation of life cycle assessment impact scores in light of robustness of underlying species sensitivity distributions. Next steps are to apply the recommended characterization framework in additional case studies, and to adapt it to soil, sediment and the marine environment. Our framework is applicable for evaluating chemicals in life cycle assessment, chemical and environmental footprinting, chemical substitution, risk screening, chemical prioritization, and comparison with environmental sustainability targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Owsianiak
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Z Hauschild
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Leo Posthuma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erwan Saouter
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Douziech
- Centre of Observations, Impacts, Energy, MINES Paris Tech, PSL University, Sophia Antipolis, France; LCA Research Group, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, 8046, Switzerland
| | - Tamar Schlekat
- Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, United States
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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King OC, van de Merwe JP, Brown CJ, Warne MSJ, Smith RA. Individual and combined effects of diuron and light reduction on marine microalgae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113729. [PMID: 35667310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems such as those in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon, are exposed to stressors in flood plumes including low light (caused by increased turbidity) and agricultural pesticides. Photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides are the most frequently detected pesticides in the GBR lagoon, but it is not clear how their toxicity to phototrophic species depends on light availability. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of PSII-inhibiting herbicide, diuron, and reduced light intensity (as a proxy for increased turbidity) on the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Effective quantum yield (EQY) and cell density were measured to calculate responses relative to the controls over 72-h, in tests with varying stressor intensities. Individually, diuron concentrations (0.1-3 μg l-1) were not high enough to significantly reduce growth (cell density), but led to decreased EQY; while, low light generally led to increased EQY, but only reduced growth at the lowest tested light intensity (5 μmol photons m-2 s-1) after 48-hours. P. tricornutum was less affected by diuron when combined with low light scenarios, with increased EQY (up to 163% of the controls) that was likely due to increased electron transport per photon, despite lesser available photons at this low light intensity. In contrast, growth was completely inhibited relative to the controls when algae were simultaneously exposed to the highest stressor levels (3 μg l-1 diuron and 5 μmol photons m-2 s-1). This study highlights the importance of measuring more than one biological response variable to capture the combined effects of multiple stressors. Management of water quality stressors should consider combined impacts rather than just the impacts of individual stressors alone. Reducing suspended sediment and diuron concentrations in marine waters can decrease harmful effects and bring synergistic benefits to water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C King
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Michael St J Warne
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, West Midlands CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Rachael A Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Warne MSJ, Turner RDR, Davis AM, Smith R, Huang A. Temporal variation of imidacloprid concentration and risk in waterways discharging to the Great Barrier Reef and potential causes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153556. [PMID: 35104522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widely used neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has emerged as a significant risk to surface waters and the diverse aquatic and terrestrial fauna these ecosystems support. While herbicides have been the focus of research on pesticides in Australia's Great Barrier Reef catchment area, imidacloprid has been monitored in catchments across the region since 2009. This study assessed the spatial and temporal dynamics of imidacloprid in 14 waterways in Queensland, Australia over seven years in relation to land use and concentration trends. Imidacloprid could be quantified (i.e., concentrations were greater than the limit of reporting) in approximately 54% of all samples, but within individual waterways imidacloprid was quantified in 0 to 99.7% of samples. The percent of each catchment used to grow bananas, sugar cane and urban explained approximately 45% of the variation in imidacloprid concentrations and waterway discharge accounted for another 18%. In six waterways there were significant increases in imidacloprid concentrations and the frequency and magnitude of exceedances of aquatic ecosystem protection guidelines over time. Overall, the risk posed by imidacloprid was low with 74% of samples protecting at least 99% of species but it was estimated that upto 42% of aquatic species would experience harmful chronic effects. Potential explanations of the changes in imidacloprid were examined. Not surprisingly, the only plausible explanation of the increases was increased use of imidacloprid. While field-based measurement of the effects of imidacloprid are limited in the Great Barrier Reef Catchment Area (GBRCA) the risk assessment indicates that biological harm to aquatic organisms is highly likely. Action to reduce imidacloprid concentrations in the GBRCA waterways is urgently required to reverse the current trends and mitigate environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael St J Warne
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan D R Turner
- Reef Catchments Science Partnership, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia; Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Managing for Resilient Landscapes, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Aaron M Davis
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Rachael Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - A Huang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia.
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31
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King OC, van de Merwe JP, Campbell MD, Smith RA, Warne MSJ, Brown CJ. Interactions among multiple stressors vary with exposure duration and biological response. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220348. [PMID: 35538782 PMCID: PMC9091850 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors. Effective management actions would be better informed from generalized predictions of the individual, combined and interactive effects of multiple stressors; however, few generalities are shared across different meta-analyses. Using an experimental study, we present an approach for analysing regression-based designs with generalized additive models that allowed us to capture nonlinear effects of exposure duration and stressor intensity and access interactions among stressors. We tested the approach on a globally distributed marine diatom, using 72 h photosynthesis and growth assays to quantify the individual and combined effects of three common water quality stressors; photosystem II-inhibiting herbicide exposure, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) enrichment and reduced light (due to excess suspended sediment). Exposure to DIN and reduced light generally resulted in additivity, while exposure to diuron and reduced light resulted in additive, antagonistic or synergistic interactions, depending on the stressor intensity, exposure period and biological response. We thus find the context of experimental studies to be a primary driver of interactions. The experimental and modelling approaches used here bridge the gap between two-way designs and regression-based studies, which provides a way forward to identify generalities in multiple stressor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. King
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Jason P. van de Merwe
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Max D. Campbell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Rachael A. Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Michael St. J Warne
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia,Water Quality and Investigations, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia,Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, West Midlands, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Tyohemba RL, Humphries MS, Schleyer MH, Porter SN. Accumulation of commonly used agricultural herbicides in coral reef organisms from iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118665. [PMID: 34902525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are amongst the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth, but are significantly impacted by agricultural runoff. Despite herbicides being commonly detected in coastal waters, the possibility of herbicide accumulation in coral reef species has largely been overlooked. We investigate the accumulation of several herbicides in five species of coral reef invertebrates collected from ten sites along the Maputaland coast, South Africa. Multiple herbicide residues were detected in 95% of the samples, with total average concentrations across sites ranging between 25.2 ng g-1 to 51.3 ng g-1 dw. Acetochlor, alachlor and hexazinone were the predominant herbicides detected at all sites, with atrazine and simazine detected less frequently. Significant interactive effects were detected between sites nested in reef complex crossed with species, based on multiple and total herbicide concentrations. In general, multivariate herbicide concentrations varied significantly between species within and across most sites. Contrastingly, the concentrations of the different herbicides and that of total herbicide did not differ between conspecifics at most sites nested in their respective reef complexes. On average, highest total herbicide concentrations were measured in soft coral (Sarcophyton glaucum; 90.4 ± 60 ng g-1 and Sinularia gravis; 42.7 ± 25 ng g-1) and sponge (Theonela swinhoei; 39.0 ± 40 ng g-1) species, while significantly lower concentrations were detected in hard corals (Echinopora hirsutissima; 10.5 ± 5.9 ng g-1 and Acropora austera; 5.20 ± 4.5 ng g-1) at most sites. Agricultural runoff entering the ocean via the uMfolozi-St Lucia Estuary and Maputo Bay are likely sources of herbicide contamination to coral reefs in the region. There is an urgent need to assess the long-term effects of herbicide exposure on coral reef communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Tyohemba
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
| | - Marc S Humphries
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
| | - Michael H Schleyer
- Oceanographic Research Institute, PO Box 10712, Marine Parade, Durban, 4056, South Africa
| | - Sean N Porter
- Oceanographic Research Institute, PO Box 10712, Marine Parade, Durban, 4056, South Africa.
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Zhu H, Cai S, Zhou J, Li S, Wang D, Zhu J, Wu Y, Huang Y, Yuan S, Jin S, Xia F. Integration of water collection and purification on cactus- and beetle-inspired eco-friendly superwettable materials. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117759. [PMID: 34715525 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater shortage has been a terrible threat for the sustainable progress and development of human society in 21st century. Inspired from natural creatures, harvesting water from atmosphere has been a feasible and effective method to alleviate water shortage crisis. However, the recent works related to water collection just focuses on how to optimize fog-harvesting manners and efficiencies, the safety and availability of collected water are always ignored. In this paper, we proposed a new strategy accessed to freshwater resources through combining water collection and purification together on eco-friendly superwettable material inspired by cactus spines and desert beetles. Six superhydrophilic wedge-shaped patterns prepared by P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed on candle soot@polydimethylsiloxane (CS@PDMS) superhydrophobic coating. The special superhydrophilic regions not only effectively captured water from foggy environment but generated Laplace pressure gradient to faster drive water away. The bioinspired material exhibited an efficient water collection rate (WCR) of 14.9 ± 0.2 mg min-1 cm-2, which was 5.3 and 2.5 times larger than that on uniformed superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, respectively. Because of the existence of photocatalytic P25 NPs in wetting areas, the harvested wastewater containing nine kinds of pesticides (0.5 mg/L) could be purified in low concentrations (< 5%) under UV light (365 nm, 5.0 ± 0.6 mW cm-2). Ten zebrafishes were still alive in such purified water for 72 h, as a contrast, the same number of fishes would almost die in untreated harvested wastewater in just 7 h. This work indeed opens up a new sight to freshwater accessibility, aiming to a promising project for alleviating water shortage around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Cai
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Xianning ecological environment monitoring center of Hubei ecological environment department, Xianning, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Xianning ecological environment monitoring center of Hubei ecological environment department, Xianning, China
| | - Yu Huang
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Fan Xia
- China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
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34
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Stone S, Adams MS, Stauber JL, Jolley DF, Warne MSJ. Toxicity of Herbicide Mixtures to Tropical Freshwater Microalgae Using a Multispecies Test. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:473-486. [PMID: 33201550 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area has contributed to pesticide contamination of adjacent freshwater ecosystems that flow into the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. A novel multispecies toxicity test was used to assess the toxicity of diuron and hexazinone, 2 herbicides commonly detected within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, to a community of 3 tropical freshwater microalgae: Monoraphidium arcuatum, Nannochloropsis-like sp., and Pediastrum duplex. Diuron was the most toxic herbicide, with 10% inhibition concentration (IC10) values of 4.3, 7.1, and 29 µg/L for P. duplex, M. arcuatum, and Nannochloropsis-like sp., respectively, followed by hexazinone, with IC10 values of 15, 18, and 450 µg/L, respectively Toxicity testing on 2 commercial formulations (Barrage, 13.2% hexazinone and 48.6% diuron; Diurex, 90% diuron) showed that additives in the commercial formulations did not significantly increase the toxicity of diuron. Direct toxicity assessments were carried out on water samples from the herbicide-contaminated Sandy Creek, which discharges to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, and a clean reference site, Tully Gorge in the Tully River. Toxicity was observed in several Sandy Creek samples. Artificial herbicide mixtures were assessed in synthetic soft water and natural freshwaters, with toxic responses being observed at environmentally relevant concentrations. The present study successfully applied a novel multispecies tropical microalgal toxicity test, indicating that it is an effective tool for the assessment of herbicide toxicity in both natural and synthetic freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:473-486. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stone
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M S Adams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J L Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M St J Warne
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Environment and Science, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, University of Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
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