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Shih YT, Lin DY, Tseng BC, Huang TC, Kao YM, Kao MC, Hwang SB. Photoelectric Properties of GaS 1-xSe x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Layered Crystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:701. [PMID: 38668195 PMCID: PMC11054839 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the photoelectric properties of a complete series of GaS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) layered crystals are investigated. The photoconductivity spectra indicate a decreasing bandgap of GaS1-xSex as the Se composition x increases. Time-resolved photocurrent measurements reveal a significant improvement in the response of GaS1-xSex to light with increasing x. Frequency-dependent photocurrent measurements demonstrate that both pure GaS crystals and GaS1-xSex ternary alloy crystals exhibit a rapid decrease in photocurrents with increasing illumination frequency. Crystals with lower x exhibit a faster decrease in photocurrent. However, pure GaSe crystal maintains its photocurrent significantly even at high frequencies. Measurements for laser-power-dependent photoresponsivity and bias-voltage-dependent photoresponsivity also indicate an increase in the photoresponsivity of GaS1-xSex as x increases. Overall, the photoresponsive performance of GaS1-xSex is enhanced with increasing x, and pure GaSe exhibits the best performance. This result contradicts the findings of previous reports. Additionally, the inverse trends between bandgap and photoresponsivity with increasing x suggest that GaS1-xSex-based photodetectors could potentially offer a high response and wavelength-selectivity for UV and visible light detection. Thus, this work provides novel insights into the photoelectric characteristics of GaS1-xSex layered crystals and highlights their potential for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tai Shih
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500207, Taiwan; (Y.-T.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Der-Yuh Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500208, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Chang Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500207, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chen Huang
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500207, Taiwan; (Y.-T.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Yee-Mou Kao
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500207, Taiwan; (Y.-T.S.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Ming-Cheng Kao
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Beng Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua 500020, Taiwan;
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2
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Mamgain S, Yella A. Dynamics of interfacial charge transfer between CsPbBr 3perovskite nanocrystals and molecular acceptors for photodetection application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:165202. [PMID: 38176067 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1afe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) recently emerged as a suitable candidate for optoelectronic applications because of its simplistic synthesis approach and superior optical properties. For better device performance, the effective absorption of incident photons and the understanding of charge transfer (CT) process are the basic requirements. Herein, we investigate the interfacial charge transfer dynamics of CsPbBr3NCs in the presence of different molecular acceptors; 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 11,11,12,12 tetracyanonaphtho-2,6-quinodimethane (TCNAQ). The vivid change in CT dynamics at the interfaces of NCs and two different molecular acceptors (TCNQ and TCNAQ) has been observed. The results demonstrate that the ground state complex formation in the presence of TCNQ acts as additional driving force to accelerate the charge transfer between the NCs and molecular acceptor. Moreover, this donor (NCs)-acceptor (TCNQ, TCNAQ) system results in the higher absorption of incident photons. Finally, the photo detector based on CsPbBr3-TCNQ system was fabricated for the first time. The device exhibited a high on-off ratio (104). Furthermore, the CsPbBr3-TCNQ photodetector shows a fast photoresponse times of 180 ms/110 ms (rise/decay time) with a specific detectivity (D*) of 5.2 × 1011Jones. The simple synthesis and outstanding photodetection abilities of this perovskite NCs-molecular acceptor system make them potential candidates for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mamgain
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
| | - Aswani Yella
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India
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3
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Liu S, Carey T, Munuera J, Synnatschke K, Kaur H, Coleman E, Doolan L, Coleman JN. Solution-Processed Heterojunction Photodiodes Based on WSe 2 Nanosheet Networks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2304735. [PMID: 37735147 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed photodetectors incorporating liquid-phase-exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets are widely reported. However, previous studies mainly focus on the fabrication of photoconductors, rather than photodiodes which tend to be based on heterojunctions and are harder to fabricate. Especially, there are rare reports on introducing commonly used transport layers into heterojunctions based on nanosheet networks. In this study, a reliable solution-processing method is reported to fabricate heterojunction diodes with tungsten selenide (WSe2 ) nanosheets as the optical absorbing material and PEDOT: PSS and ZnO as injection/transport-layer materials. By varying the transport layer combinations, the obtained heterojunctions show rectification ratios of up to ≈104 at ±1 V in the dark, without relying on heavily doped silicon substrates. Upon illumination, the heterojunction can be operated in both photoconductor and photodiode modes and displays self-powered behaviors at zero bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Liu
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tian Carey
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jose Munuera
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo, 18 Oviedo, Asturias, 33007, Spain
| | - Kevin Synnatschke
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emmet Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke Doolan
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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4
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Wan T, Shao B, Ma S, Zhou Y, Li Q, Chai Y. In-Sensor Computing: Materials, Devices, and Integration Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203830. [PMID: 35808962 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The number of sensor nodes in the Internet of Things is growing rapidly, leading to a large volume of data generated at sensory terminals. Frequent data transfer between the sensors and computing units causes severe limitations on the system performance in terms of energy efficiency, speed, and security. To efficiently process a substantial amount of sensory data, a novel computation paradigm that can integrate computing functions into sensor networks should be developed. The in-sensor computing paradigm reduces data transfer and also decreases the high computing complexity by processing data locally. Here, the hardware implementation of the in-sensor computing paradigm at the device and array levels is discussed. The physical mechanisms that lead to unique sensory response characteristics and their corresponding computing functions are illustrated. In particular, bioinspired device characteristics enable the implementation of the functionalities of neuromorphic computation. The integration technology is also discussed and the perspective on the future development of in-sensor computing is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Wan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bangjie Shao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sijie Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Meng X, Du Y, Wu W, Joseph NB, Deng X, Wang J, Ma J, Shi Z, Liu B, Ma Y, Yue F, Zhong N, Xiang PH, Zhang C, Duan CG, Narayan A, Sun Z, Chu J, Yuan X. Giant Superlinear Power Dependence of Photocurrent Based on Layered Ta 2 NiS 5 Photodetector. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300413. [PMID: 37116118 PMCID: PMC10369293 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodetector based on two-dimensional (2D) materials is an ongoing quest in optoelectronics. 2D photodetectors are generally efficient at low illuminating power but suffer severe recombination processes at high power, which results in the sublinear power-dependent photoresponse and lower optoelectronic efficiency. The desirable superlinear photocurrent is mostly achieved by sophisticated 2D heterostructures or device arrays, while 2D materials rarely show intrinsic superlinear photoresponse. This work reports the giant superlinear power dependence of photocurrent based on multilayer Ta2 NiS5 . While the fabricated photodetector exhibits good sensitivity (3.1 mS W-1 per □) and fast photoresponse (31 µs), the bias-, polarization-, and spatial-resolved measurements point to an intrinsic photoconductive mechanism. By increasing the incident power density from 1.5 to 200 µW µm-2 , the photocurrent power dependence varies from sublinear to superlinear. At higher illuminating conditions, prominent superlinearity is observed with a giant power exponent of γ = 1.5. The unusual photoresponse can be explained by a two-recombination-center model where density of states of the recombination centers (RC) effectively closes all recombination channels. The photodetector is integrated into camera for taking photos with enhanced contrast due to superlinearity. This work provides an effective route to enable higher optoelectronic efficiency at extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuhan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nesta Benno Joseph
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Xing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zeping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Binglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuanji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fangyu Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ni Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping-Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chun-Gang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Awadhesh Narayan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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6
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wang B, Li Y, Wu B, Hao C, Zhang Y, Zheng H. Piezo-phototronic effect regulated broadband photoresponse of a-Ga 2O 3/ZnO heterojunction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7068-7076. [PMID: 36974995 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00744h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous Ga2O3 (a-Ga2O3) films have attracted considerable attention in the field of photodetectors due to their excellent optical absorption response and photoelectric properties. However, there are few studies that have utilized the piezo-phototronic effect to regulate the broadband photoresponse of Ga2O3-based photodetectors. Here, a flexible a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction was constructed, which demonstrated a broadband response range from deep ultraviolet (265 nm) to the near-infrared (1060 nm) and realized a bidirectional adjustable photocurrent response via the piezo-phototronic effect. Under 265 nm illumination and 0.5 V bias, the responsivity and detectivity of the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction reached up to 12.19 A W-1 and 4.71 × 1011 Jones under 0.164% compressive strain, corresponding to enhancements of 67.7% and 66.8% compared to those under a strain-free state, respectively. Moreover, the broadband photoresponse of the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction beyond the bandgap limit was tunable under bidirectional strain. The working mechanism of photoresponse performance for the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction at different wavelengths was elucidated in detail. Oxygen vacancy-assisted carrier generation was found to be influenced by the wavelength of incident light, which mainly determined the broadband photoresponse of the heterojunction. The modulation of the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction photodetector was interpreted in light of the strain-induced regulation of the barrier height. This work represents an important step toward the development of adjustable broadband photodetectors based on a-Ga2O3 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Zihan Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Boying Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Yongqiu Li
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Banghao Wu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Chunlin Hao
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Yaju Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Haiwu Zheng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Smart Micro-nano Sensing Technology and Application, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
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7
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Chen J, Tan C, Yin S, Zhang H, Wang S, Qin Q, Li L. Type-I PtS 2/MoS 2 van der Waals heterojunctions with tunable photovoltaic effects and high photosensitivity. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16130-16138. [PMID: 36239166 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) materials play an essential role in boosting modern electronics and optoelectronics. Thus far, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as emerging members of 2D materials, and the van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) based on TMDs have been extensively investigated owing to their prominent capabilities and unique crystal structures. In this work, an original vdWH composed of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and platinum disulfide (PtS2) was comprehensively studied as a field-effect transistor (FET) and photodetector. A gate-tunable rectifying behavior was obtained, stemming from the band design of PtS2/MoS2 vdWH. Upon 685 nm laser illumination, it also exhibited a superior photodetection performance with a distinctly high photoresponsivity of 403 A W-1, a comparable detectivity of 1.07 × 1011 Jones, and an excellent external quantum efficiency of 7.32 × 104%. More importantly, fast rise (24 ms) and decay (21 ms) times were obtained under 685 nm light illumination attributed to the unilateral depletion region structure. Further, the photovoltaic effect and photocurrent of the heterojunction could be modulated by a back gate voltage. All these results indicated that such 2D-TMD-based vdWHs provide a new idea for realizing high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Tan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Yin
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shaotian Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qinggang Qin
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P.R. China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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8
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Wang W, Wang W, Meng Y, Quan Q, Lai Z, Li D, Xie P, Yip S, Kang X, Bu X, Chen D, Liu C, Ho JC. Mixed-Dimensional Anti-ambipolar Phototransistors Based on 1D GaAsSb/2D MoS 2 Heterojunctions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11036-11048. [PMID: 35758898 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incapability of modulating the photoresponse of assembled heterostructure devices has remained a challenge for the development of optoelectronics with multifunctionality. Here, a gate-tunable and anti-ambipolar phototransistor is reported based on 1D GaAsSb nanowire/2D MoS2 nanoflake mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions. The resulting heterojunction shows apparently asymmetric control over the anti-ambipolar transfer characteristics, possessing potential to implement electronic functions in logic circuits. Meanwhile, such an anti-ambipolar device allows the synchronous adjustment of band slope and depletion regions by gating in both components, thereby giving rise to the gate-tunability of the photoresponse. Coupled with the synergistic effect of the materials in different dimensionality, the hybrid heterojunction can be readily modulated by the external gate to achieve a high-performance photodetector exhibiting a large on/off current ratio of 4 × 104, fast response of 50 μs, and high detectivity of 1.64 × 1011 Jones. Due to the formation of type-II band alignment and strong interfacial coupling, a prominent photovoltaic response is explored in the heterojunction as well. Finally, a visible image sensor based on this hybrid device is demonstrated with good imaging capability, suggesting the promising application prospect in future optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - You Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Quan Quan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengxun Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dengji Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengshan Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - SenPo Yip
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiuming Bu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Johnny C Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Wan W, Wickramaratne D, Dreher P, Harsh R, Mazin II, Ugeda MM. Nontrivial Doping Evolution of Electronic Properties in Ising-Superconducting Alloys. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200492. [PMID: 35243698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides offer unprecedented versatility to engineer 2D materials with tailored properties to explore novel structural and electronic phase transitions. In this work, the atomic-scale evolution of the electronic ground state of a monolayer of Nb1- δ Moδ Se2 across the entire alloy composition range (0 < δ < 1) is investigated using low-temperature (300 mK) scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). In particular, the atomic and electronic structure of this 2D alloy throughout the metal to semiconductor transition (monolayer NbSe2 to MoSe2 ) is studied. The measurements enable extraction of the effective doping of Mo atoms, the bandgap evolution and the band shifts, which are monotonic with δ. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that collective electronic phases (charge density wave and superconductivity) are remarkably robust against disorder and further shown that the superconducting TC changes non-monotonically with doping. This contrasting behavior in the normal and superconducting state is explained using first-principles calculations. Mo doping is shown to decrease the density of states at the Fermi level and the magnitude of pair-breaking spin fluctuations as a function of Mo content. These results paint a detailed picture of the electronic structure evolution in 2D TMD alloys, which is of utmost relevance for future 2D materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wan
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Darshana Wickramaratne
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Paul Dreher
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Rishav Harsh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Igor I Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Miguel M Ugeda
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV-EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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10
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Das S, Gupta G, Chatterjee S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Majumdar K. Highly Nonlinear Biexcitonic Photocurrent from Ultrafast Interlayer Charge Transfer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9728-9735. [PMID: 35604012 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strong Coulomb interactions in monolayer semiconductors allow them to host optically active large many-body states, such as the five-particle state, charged biexciton. Strong nonlinear light absorption by the charged biexciton under spectral resonance, coupled with its charged nature, makes it intriguing for nonlinear photodetection─an area that is hitherto unexplored. Using the high built-in vertical electric field in an asymmetrically designed few-layer graphene encapsulated 1L-WS2 heterostructure, here we report a large, highly nonlinear photocurrent arising from the strong absorption by two charged biexciton species under zero external bias (self-powered mode). Time-resolved measurement reveals that the generated charged biexcitons transfer to the few-layer graphene in a time scale of sub-5 ps, indicating an ultrafast intrinsic limit of the photoresponse. By using single- and two-color photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, we show that the two biexcitonic peaks originate from bright-dark and bright-bright exciton-trion combinations. Such innate nonlinearity in the photocurrent due to its biexcitonic origin, coupled with the ultrafast response due to swift interlayer charge transfer, exemplifies the promise of manipulating many-body effects in monolayers toward viable optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Das
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Garima Gupta
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-044 Japan
| | - Kausik Majumdar
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Cavin J, Mishra R. Equilibrium phase diagrams of isostructural and heterostructural two-dimensional alloys from first principles. iScience 2022; 25:104161. [PMID: 35434554 PMCID: PMC9010766 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloying is a successful strategy for tuning the phases and properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). To accelerate the synthesis of TMDC alloys, we present a method for generating temperature-composition equilibrium phase diagrams by combining first-principles total-energy calculations with thermodynamic solution models. This method is applied to three representative 2D TMDC alloys: an isostructural alloy, MoS2(1-x)Te2x , and two heterostructural alloys, Mo1-x W x Te2 and WS2(1-x)Te2x . Using density-functional theory and special quasi-random structures, we show that the mixing enthalpy of these binary alloys can be reliably represented using a sub-regular solution model fitted to the total energies of relatively few compositions. The cubic sub-regular solution model captures 3-body effects that are important in TMDC alloys. By comparing phase diagrams generated with this method to those calculated with previous methods, we demonstrate that this method can be used to rapidly design phase diagrams of TMDC alloys and related 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cavin
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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12
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Peng J, Yang D, Ren C, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Jing F, Qiu H, Liu H, Hu Z. Electronic Properties and Carrier Dynamics at the Alloy Interfaces of WS 2x Se 2-2x Spiral Nanosheets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107738. [PMID: 34989034 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic properties at the interfaces between different-composition domains of 2D-alloys are key for their optical, electronic, and optoelectronic applications. Understanding the interfacial electronic structures and carrier dynamics is essential for designing and fabricating devices that use these alloys. Here, WS2x Se2-2x spiral nanosheets are prepared using the physical vapor deposition method, and the nonlinear optical and electronic properties, as well as the carrier dynamics at the interfaces between the WS and WSe domains, are studied. Second-harmonic generation tests demonstrate that these nanosheets exhibit a very strong layer-dependent nonlinear optical effect. Atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) measurements reveal that S and Se atoms are non-uniformly distributed, forming WS domains, WSe domains, and defect-related areas. Atomic STM images and STS maps reveal enhanced local density of states by electron scattering at the WS/WSe interfaces, providing a detailed nanoscale interpretation of the S/Se-ratio-dependent lifetimes observed in pump-probe spectroscopy measurements. This work provides valuable interfacial characterization of 2D-alloy materials, using state-of-the-art methods with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The obtained insights are likely to be useful for prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Peng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Dongcheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Caixia Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fangli Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hailong Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhanggui Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
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13
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Lee Y, Yoon D, Yu S, Sim H, Park Y, Nam YS, Kim KJ, Choi SY, Kang Y, Son J. Reversible Manipulation of Photoconductivity Caused by Surface Oxygen Vacancies in Perovskite Stannates with Ultraviolet Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107650. [PMID: 34783077 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Programmable optoelectronic devices call for the reversible control of the photocarrier recombination process by in-gap states in oxide semiconductors. However, previous approaches to produce oxygen vacancies as a source of in-gap states in oxide semiconductors have hampered the reversible formation of oxygen vacancies and their related phenomena. Here, a new strategy to manipulate the 2D photoconductivity from perovskite stannates is demonstrated by exploiting spatially selective photochemical reaction under ultraviolet illumination at room temperature. Remarkably, the ideal trap-free photocurrent of air-illuminated BaSnO3 (≈200 pA) is reversibly switched into three orders of magnitude higher photocurrent of vacuum-illuminated BaSnO3 (≈335 nA) with persistent photoconductivity depending on ambient oxygen pressure under illumination. Multiple characterizations elucidate that ultraviolet illumination of BaSnO3 under low oxygen pressure induces surface oxygen vacancies as a result of surface photolysis combined with the low oxygen-diffusion coefficient of BaSnO3 ; the concentrated oxygen vacancies are likely to induce a two-step transition of photocurrent response by changing the characteristics of in-gap states from the shallow level to the deep level. These results suggest a novel strategy that uses light-matter interaction in a reversible and spatially confined way to manipulate functionalities related to surface defect states, for the emerging applications using newly discovered oxide semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseob Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbae Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Sim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyu Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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14
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Huang H, Zha J, Li S, Tan C. Two-dimensional alloyed transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets: Synthesis and applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Liu S, Li Z, Yang K, Zhang E, Narayan A, Zhang X, Zhu J, Liu W, Liao Z, Kudo M, Toriyama T, Yang Y, Li Q, Ai L, Huang C, Sun J, Guo X, Bao W, Deng Q, Chen Y, Yin L, Shen J, Han X, Matsumura S, Zou J, Xu Y, Xu X, Wu H, Xiu F. Tuning 2D magnetism in Fe3+XGeTe2 films by element doping. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab117. [PMID: 35822066 PMCID: PMC9270067 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials have been discovered with tunable magnetism and orbital-driven nodal-line features. Controlling the 2D magnetism in exfoliated nanoflakes via electric/magnetic fields enables a boosted Curie temperature (TC) or phase transitions. One of the challenges, however, is the realization of high TC 2D magnets that are tunable, robust and suitable for large scale fabrication. Here, we report molecular-beam epitaxy growth of wafer-scale Fe3+XGeTe2 films with TC above room temperature. By controlling the Fe composition in Fe3+XGeTe2, a continuously modulated TC in a broad range of 185–320 K has been achieved. This widely tunable TC is attributed to the doped interlayer Fe that provides a 40% enhancement around the optimal composition X = 2. We further fabricated magnetic tunneling junction device arrays that exhibit clear tunneling signals. Our results show an effective and reliable approach, i.e. element doping, to producing robust and tunable ferromagnetism beyond room temperature in a large-scale 2D Fe3+XGeTe2 fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Awadhesh Narayan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - Wenqing Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Material, Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Masaki Kudo
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takaaki Toriyama
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yunkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ce Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiabao Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Xiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingsong Deng
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Material, Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Material, Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Material, Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Syo Matsumura
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yongbing Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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16
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Zhang J, Qian Y, Nan H, Gu X, Xiao S. Large-scale MoS 2(1-x)Se 2xmonolayers synthesized by confined-space CVD. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:355601. [PMID: 33975284 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alloy engineering is efficient in modulating the electronic structure and physical and chemical properties of Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Here, we develop an efficient and simple confined-space CVD strategy by using a smaller quartz boat nested in a larger quartz boat for the preparation of ternary alloy MoS2(1-x)Se2xmonolayers on SiO2/Si substrates with controllable composition. The effect of hydrogen ratio of the mixed carrier gas (Ar/H2) on the resultant flakes are systematically investigated. A hydrogon ratio of 15% is demonstrated to be the most appropriate to synthesize large size (more than 400μm) single crystalline MoS2(1-x)Se2xalloy monolayers. The composition of the alloy can also be changed in a full range (2x= 0-2) by changing the weight ratio of Se and S powder. The as-grown monolayer MoS2(1-x)Se2xalloys present continuously high crystal quality in terms of Raman and PL measurements. Furthermore, to visible light (532 nm), the MoS2(1-x)Se2xbased photodetectors display wonderful photoresponse with a fast response of less than 50 ms. Our work may be usedful in directing the synthesis of TMDs alloys as well as their optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yezheng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Nan
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of IoT Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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17
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Nassiri Nazif K, Kumar A, Hong J, Lee N, Islam R, McClellan CJ, Karni O, van de Groep J, Heinz TF, Pop E, Brongersma ML, Saraswat KC. High-Performance p-n Junction Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Photovoltaic Cells Enabled by MoO x Doping and Passivation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3443-3450. [PMID: 33852295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for high-specific-power photovoltaics due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, in practice, contacts to TMDs have poor charge carrier selectivity, while imperfect surfaces cause recombination, leading to a low open-circuit voltage (VOC) and therefore limited power conversion efficiency (PCE) in TMD photovoltaics. Here, we simultaneously address these fundamental issues with a simple MoOx (x ≈ 3) surface charge-transfer doping and passivation method, applying it to multilayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) Schottky-junction solar cells with initially near-zero VOC. Doping and passivation turn these into lateral p-n junction photovoltaic cells with a record VOC of 681 mV under AM 1.5G illumination, the highest among all p-n junction TMD solar cells with a practical design. The enhanced VOC also leads to record PCE in ultrathin (<90 nm) WS2 photovoltaics. This easily scalable doping and passivation scheme is expected to enable further advances in TMD electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Nassiri Nazif
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aravindh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jiho Hong
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nayeun Lee
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Raisul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Connor J McClellan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ouri Karni
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Krishna C Saraswat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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18
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Zhang L, Yang T, He X, Zhang W, Vinai G, Tang CS, Yin X, Torelli P, Feng YP, Wong PKJ, Wee ATS. Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Two-Dimensional Vanadium-Molybdenum Diselenide Alloys. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11140-11149. [PMID: 32794699 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) alloys represent a versatile platform that extends the properties of atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides. Here, using molecular beam epitaxy, we investigate the growth of 2D vanadium-molybdenum diselenide alloys, VxMo1-xSe2, on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and unveil their structural, chemical, and electronic integrities via measurements by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray photoemission, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Essentially, we found a critical value of x = ∼0.44, below which phase separation occurs and above which a homogeneous metallic phase is favored. Another observation is an effective increase in the density of mirror twin boundaries of constituting MoSe2 in the low V concentration regime (x ≤ 0.05). Density functional theory calculations support our experimental results on the thermal stability of 2D VxMo1-xSe2 alloys and suggest an H phase of the homogeneous alloys with alternating parallel V and Mo strips randomly in-plane stacked. Element-specific XAS of the 2D alloys, which clearly indicates quenched atomic multiplets similar to the case of 2H-VSe2, provides strong evidence for the H phase of the 2D alloys. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the thermal stability, chemical state, and electronic structure of 2D VxMo1-xSe2 alloys, useful for the future design of 2D electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Graphene Research Centre (GRC), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyue He
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Giovanni Vinai
- Instituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Chi Sin Tang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Xinmao Yin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Piero Torelli
- Instituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S. km 163.5, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Ping Kwan Johnny Wong
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Graphene Research Centre (GRC), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Graphene Research Centre (GRC), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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19
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Hemmat Z, Cavin J, Ahmadiparidari A, Ruckel A, Rastegar S, Misal SN, Majidi L, Kumar K, Wang S, Guo J, Dawood R, Lagunas F, Parajuli P, Ngo AT, Curtiss LA, Cho SB, Cabana J, Klie RF, Mishra R, Salehi-Khojin A. Quasi-Binary Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Alloys: Thermodynamic Stability Prediction, Scalable Synthesis, and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907041. [PMID: 32449197 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) alloys could have a wide range of physical and chemical properties, ranging from charge density waves to superconductivity and electrochemical activities. While many exciting behaviors of unary TMDCs have been demonstrated, the vast compositional space of TMDC alloys has remained largely unexplored due to the lack of understanding regarding their stability when accommodating different cations or chalcogens in a single-phase. Here, a theory-guided synthesis approach is reported to achieve unexplored quasi-binary TMDC alloys through computationally predicted stability maps. Equilibrium temperature-composition phase diagrams using first-principles calculations are generated to identify the stability of 25 quasi-binary TMDC alloys, including some involving non-isovalent cations and are verified experimentally through the synthesis of a subset of 12 predicted alloys using a scalable chemical vapor transport method. It is demonstrated that the synthesized alloys can be exfoliated into 2D structures, and some of them exhibit: i) outstanding thermal stability tested up to 1230 K, ii) exceptionally high electrochemical activity for the CO2 reduction reaction in a kinetically limited regime with near zero overpotential for CO formation, iii) excellent energy efficiency in a high rate Li-air battery, and iv) high break-down current density for interconnect applications. This framework can be extended to accelerate the discovery of other TMDC alloys for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - John Cavin
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alexander Ruckel
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sina Rastegar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Saurabh N Misal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Leily Majidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Khagesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Shuxi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jinglong Guo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Radwa Dawood
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Francisco Lagunas
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Anh Tuan Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sung Beom Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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20
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Yin C, Gong C, Chu J, Wang X, Yan C, Qian S, Wang Y, Rao G, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang J, Hu W, Li C, Xiong J. Ultrabroadband Photodetectors up to 10.6 µm Based on 2D Fe 3 O 4 Nanosheets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002237. [PMID: 32406177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultrabroadband spectrum detection from ultraviolet (UV) to long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) is promising for diversified optoelectronic applications of imaging, sensing, and communication. However, the current LWIR-detecting devices suffer from low photoresponsivity, high cost, and cryogenic environment. Herein, a high-performance ultrabroadband photodetector is demonstrated with detecting range from UV to LWIR based on air-stable nonlayered ultrathin Fe3 O4 nanosheets synthesized via a space-confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Ultrahigh photoresponsivity (R) of 561.2 A W-1 , external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.6 × 103 %, and detectivity (D*) of 7.42 × 108 Jones are achieved at the wavelength of 10.6 µm. The multimechanism synergistic effect of photoconductive effect and bolometric effect demonstrates the high sensitivity for light with any light intensities. The outstanding device performance and complementary mixing photoresponse mechanisms open up new potential applications of nonlayered 2D materials for future infrared optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Yin
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Chaobo Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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21
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Wu K, Blei M, Chen B, Liu L, Cai H, Brayfield C, Wright D, Zhuang H, Tongay S. Phase Transition across Anisotropic NbS 3 and Direct Gap Semiconductor TiS 3 at Nominal Titanium Alloying Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000018. [PMID: 32167204 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alloying selected layered transitional metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) with unique chain-like structures offers the opportunities for structural, optical, and electrical engineering thus expands the regime of this class of pseudo-one-dimensional materials. Here, the novel phase transition in anisotropic Nb(1- x ) Tix S3 alloys is demonstrated for the first time. Results show that Nb(1- x ) Tix S3 can be fully alloyed across the entire composition range from triclinic-phase NbS3 to monoclinic-phase TiS3 . Surprisingly, incorporation of a small concentration of Ti (x ≈ 0.05-0.18) into NbS3 host matrix is sufficient to induce triclinic to monoclinic transition. Theoretical studies suggest that Ti atoms effectively introduce hole doping, thus rapidly decreases the total energy of monoclinic phase and induces the phase transition. When alloyed, crystalline and optical anisotropy are largely preserved as evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Further Raman measurements identify Raman modes to determine crystalline anisotropy direction and offer insights into the degree of anisotropy. Overall results introduce Nb(1- x ) Tix S3 as a new and easy phase change material and mark the first phase engineering in anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) trichalcogenide systems for their potential applications in two-dimensional superconductivity, electronics, photonics, and information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedi Wu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Mark Blei
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Cassondra Brayfield
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - David Wright
- LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Houlong Zhuang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Lv T, Chu PK, Huo K. Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Chalcogenides for Alkali Metal Ions Storage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1114-1154. [PMID: 32150349 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
On the heels of exacerbating environmental concerns and ever-growing global energy demand, development of high-performance renewable energy-storage and -conversion devices has aroused great interest. The electrode materials, which are the critical components in electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, largely determine the energy-storage properties, and the development of suitable active electrode materials is crucial to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly EES technologies albeit the challenges. Two-dimensional transition-metal chalcogenides (2D TMDs) are promising electrode materials in alkali metal ion batteries and supercapacitors because of ample interlayer space, large specific surface areas, fast ion-transfer kinetics, and large theoretical capacities achieved through intercalation and conversion reactions. However, they generally suffer from low electronic conductivities as well as substantial volume change and irreversible side reactions during the charge/discharge process, which result in poor cycling stability, poor rate performance, and low round-trip efficiency. In this Review, recent advances of 2D TMDs-based electrode materials for alkali metal-ion energy-storage devices with the focus on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), high-energy lithium-sulfur (Li-S), and lithium-air (Li-O2 ) batteries are described. The challenges and future directions of 2D TMDs-based electrode materials for high-performance LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, Li-S, and Li-O2 batteries as well as emerging alkali metal-ion capacitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Liao Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Tu'an Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 947, Heping Avene, Wuhan, 430081, P.R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kaifu Huo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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23
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Podborska A, Suchecki M, Mech K, Marzec M, Pilarczyk K, Szaciłowski K. Light intensity-induced photocurrent switching effect. Nat Commun 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 32051416 PMCID: PMC7016128 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A better control over processes responsible for the photocurrent generation in semiconductors and nanocomposites is essential in the fabrication of photovoltaic devices, efficient photocatalysts and optoelectronic elements. Therefore, new approaches towards photochemical properties tuning are intensively searched for. Among numerous parameters, the photocurrent polarity is of great importance to the overall performance of a device. Usually, the polarity is controlled through an alignment of electronic states/bands, tailoring of applied potential or suitable selection of incident light wavelengths. In most scenarios though, the influence of light intensity is somehow neglected and either some arbitrarily chosen, natural conditions are mimicked or this parameter is varied only in a narrow range. Here we present a ternary nanocomposite in which the persistent photocurrent polarity switching is achieved through changes in the light intensity. We also present arguments suggesting this behaviour is of a general character and should be considered also in other photochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Podborska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Suchecki
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.,Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mech
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kacper Pilarczyk
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Konrad Szaciłowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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24
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Elahi E, Khan MF, Rehman S, Khalil HMW, Rehman MA, Kim DK, Kim H, Khan K, Shahzad M, Iqbal MW, Basit MA, Khan F. Enhanced electrical and broad spectral (UV-Vis-NIR) photodetection in a Gr/ReSe 2/Gr heterojunction. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10017-10027. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excellent electrical and photoelectrical study of vertical integration by layered two-dimensional materials having gate tunable broad spectral (UV-Vis-NIR) light detection response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Elahi
- Department of Physics
- Riphah International University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | | | - Shania Rehman
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Sejong University
- Gwangjin-gu
- Korea
| | - H. M. Waseem Khalil
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- College of Engineering and Technology
- University of Sargodha
- Pakistan
| | - Malik Abdul Rehman
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seodaemun-gu
- South Korea
| | - Deok-kee Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Sejong University
- Gwangjin-gu
- Korea
| | - Honggyun Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- Sejong University
- Gwangjin-gu
- Korea
| | - Karim Khan
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization
- Dongguan University of Technology (DGUT)
- Dongguan
- China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics
| | - Moazzam Shahzad
- Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology G-7/1
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Abdul Basit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Space Technology
- Islamabad 44000
- Pakistan
| | - Fasihullah Khan
- Davision of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- 04620 Seoul
- Korea
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25
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Gao W, Zheng Z, Huang L, Yao J, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Li J. Self-Powered SnS 1-xSe x Alloy/Silicon Heterojunction Photodetectors with High Sensitivity in a Wide Spectral Range. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40222-40231. [PMID: 31601094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alloy engineering and heterostructures designing are two efficient methods to improve the photosensitivity of two-dimensional (2D) material-based photodetectors. Herein, we report the first-principle calculation about the band structure of SnS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and synthesize these alloy nanosheets. Systematic measurements indicate that SnS0.25Se0.75 exhibits the highest hole mobility (0.77 cm2·V-1·s-1) and a moderate photoresponsivity (4.44 × 102 A·W-1) with fast response speed (32.1/57.5 ms) under 635 nm irradiation. Furthermore, to reduce the dark current and strengthen the light absorption, a self-driven SnS0.25Se0.75/n-Si device has been fabricated. The device achieved a preeminent photo-responsivity of 377 mA·W-1, a detectivity of ∼1011 Jones and Ilight/Idark ratio of ∼4.5 × 102. In addition, the corresponding rising/decay times are as short as 4.7/3.9 ms. Moreover, a broadband sensitivity from 635 to 1200 nm is obtained and the related photoswitching curves are stable and reproducibility. Noticeably, the above parameters are comparable or superior to the most of reported group IVA layered materials-based self-driven photodetectors. Last, the synergistic effects between the SnS0.25Se0.75 nanosheets and the n-Si have been discussed by the band alignment. These brilliant results will pave a new pathway for the development of next generation 2D alloy-based photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- School of Materials and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
- Department of Electronic Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Le Huang
- School of Materials and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Ye Xiao
- School of Materials and Energy , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures , Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
- Institute of Semiconductors , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , P. R. China
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26
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Paul Inbaraj CR, Gudelli VK, Mathew RJ, Ulaganathan RK, Sankar R, Lin HY, Lin HI, Liao YM, Cheng HY, Lin KH, Chou FC, Chen YT, Lee CH, Guo GY, Chen YF. Sn-Doping Enhanced Ultrahigh Mobility In 1-xSn xSe Phototransistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24269-24278. [PMID: 31250634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional ternary materials are attracting widespread interest because of the additional degree of freedom available to tailor the material property for a specific application. An In1-xSnxSe phototransistor possessing tunable ultrahigh mobility by Sn-doping engineering is demonstrated in this study. A striking feature of In1-xSnxSe flakes is the reduction in the oxide phase compared to undoped InSe, which is validated by spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, first-principles density functional calculations performed for the In1-xSnxSe crystal system reveal the same effective mass when doped with Sn atoms. Hence, because of an increased lifetime owing to the enhanced crystal quality, the carriers in In1-xSnxSe have higher mobility than in InSe. The internally boosted electrical properties of In1-xSnxSe exhibit ultrahigh mobility of 2560 ± 240 cm2 V-1 s-1 by suppressing the interfacial traps with substrate modification and channel encapsulation. As a phototransistor, the ultrathin In1-xSnxSe flakes are highly sensitive with a detectivity of 1014 Jones. It possesses a large photoresponsivity and photogain (Vg = 40 V) as high as 3 × 105 A W-1 and 0.5 × 106, respectively. The obtained results outperform all previously reported performances of InSe-based devices. Thus, the doping-engineered In1-xSnxSe-layered semiconductor finds a potential application in optoelectronics and meets the demand for faster electronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Kumar Gudelli
- Physics Division , National Center for Theoretical Sciences , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Roshan Jesus Mathew
- Department of Engineering and System Science , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yit-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Engineering and System Science , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yu Guo
- Physics Division , National Center for Theoretical Sciences , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
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27
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Zhou N, Gan L, Yang R, Wang F, Li L, Chen Y, Li D, Zhai T. Nonlayered Two-Dimensional Defective Semiconductor γ-Ga 2S 3 toward Broadband Photodetection. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6297-6307. [PMID: 31082203 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit high sensitivity to structural defects due to the nature of interface-type materials, and the corresponding structural defects can effectively modulate their inherent properties in turn, giving them a wide application range in high-performance and functional devices. 2D γ-Ga2S3 is a defective semiconductor with outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, its controllable preparation has not been implemented yet, which hinders exploring its potential applications. In this work, we introduce nonlayered γ-Ga2S3 into the 2D materials family, which was successfully synthesized via the space-confined chemical vapor deposition method. Its intriguing defective structure are revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence spectra, which endow the γ-Ga2S3-based device with a broad photoresponse from the ultraviolet to near-infrared region and excellent photoelectric conversion capability. Simultaneously, the device also exhibits excellent ultraviolet detection ability ( Rλ = 61.3 A W-1, Ion /Ioff = 851, EQE = 2.17× 104 %, D* = 1.52× 1010 Jones @350 nm), and relatively fast response (15 ms). This work provides a feasible way to fabricate ultrathin nonlayered materials and explore the potential applications of a 2D defective semiconductor in high-performance broadband photodetection, which also suggests a promising future of defect creation in optimizing photoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Xidian University , Xi'an 710126 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Xidian University , Xi'an 710126 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhang F, Lu Y, Schulman DS, Zhang T, Fujisawa K, Lin Z, Lei Y, Elias AL, Das S, Sinnott SB, Terrones M. Carbon doping of WS 2 monolayers: Bandgap reduction and p-type doping transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav5003. [PMID: 31139746 PMCID: PMC6534391 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemical doping constitutes an effective route to alter the electronic, chemical, and optical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs). We used a plasma-assisted method to introduce carbon-hydrogen (CH) units into WS2 monolayers. We found CH-groups to be the most stable dopant to introduce carbon into WS2, which led to a reduction of the optical bandgap from 1.98 to 1.83 eV, as revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Aberration corrected high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-HRSTEM) observations in conjunction with first-principle calculations confirm that CH-groups incorporate into S vacancies within WS2. According to our electronic transport measurements, undoped WS2 exhibits a unipolar n-type conduction. Nevertheless, the CH-WS2 monolayers show the emergence of a p-branch and gradually become entirely p-type, as the carbon doping level increases. Therefore, CH-groups embedded into the WS2 lattice tailor its electronic and optical characteristics. This route could be used to dope other 2D-TMDs for more efficient electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yanfu Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel S. Schulman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kazunori Fujisawa
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhong Lin
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ana Laura Elias
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Susan B. Sinnott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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29
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Lin Z, Lin B, Wang Z, Chen S, Wang C, Dong M, Gao Q, Shao Q, Ding T, Liu H, Wu S, Guo Z. Facile Preparation of 1T/2H‐Mo(S
1‐x
Se
x
)
2
Nanoparticles for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering School of Advanced StudyTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P.R. China
- Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringOcean University of China Qingdao 266100 P.R. China
| | - Bo Lin
- Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringOcean University of China Qingdao 266100 P.R. China
| | - Zongpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering School of Advanced StudyTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P.R. China
| | - Shougang Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringOcean University of China Qingdao 266100 P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringOcean University of China Qingdao 266100 P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Dong
- Integrated Composites Laboratory, Department of Chemicl & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Heterogeneous ReactionMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Qian Shao
- College of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringShandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590 P.R. China
| | - Tao Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University Kaifeng 475004 P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- Integrated Composites Laboratory, Department of Chemicl & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Shide Wu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface ScienceZhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory, Department of Chemicl & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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30
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Pak S, Jang AR, Lee J, Hong J, Giraud P, Lee S, Cho Y, An GH, Lee YW, Shin HS, Morris SM, Cha S, Sohn JI, Kim JM. Surface functionalization-induced photoresponse characteristics of monolayer MoS 2 for fast flexible photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4726-4734. [PMID: 30839971 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monolayered, semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is of considerable interest for its potential applications in next-generation flexible, wearable, and transparent photodetectors because it has outstanding physical properties coupled with unique atomically thin dimensions. However, there is still a lack of understanding in terms of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the photoresponse dynamics, which makes it difficult to identify the appropriate device design strategy for achieving a fast photoresponse time in MoS2 photodetectors. In this study, we investigate the importance of surface functionalization on controlling the charge carrier densities in a MoS2 monolayer and in turn the corresponding behavior of the photoresponse in relation to the position of the Fermi-level and the energy band structure. We find that the p-doping and n-doping, which is achieved through the surface functionalization of the MoS2 monolayer, leads to devices with different photoresponse behavior. Specifically, the MoS2 devices with surface functional groups contributing to p-doping exhibited a faster response time as well as higher sensitivity compared to that observed for the MoS2 devices with surface functional groups contributing to n-doping. We attribute this difference to the degree of bending in the energy bands at the metal-semiconductor junction as a result of shifting in the Fermi-level position, which influences the optoelectronic transport properties as well as the recombination dynamics leading to a low dark and thus high detectivity and fast decay time. Based upon these findings, we have also demonstrated the broad applicability of surface functionalization by fabricating a flexible MoS2 photodetector that shows an outstanding decay time of 0.7 s, which is the fastest response time observed in flexible MoS2 detectors ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeon Pak
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
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31
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Yang S, Wu M, Shen W, Huang L, Tongay S, Wu K, Wei B, Qin Y, Wang Z, Jiang C, Hu C. Highly Sensitive Polarization Photodetection Using a Pseudo-One-Dimensional Nb (1- x)Ti xS 3 Alloy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3342-3350. [PMID: 30586287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-symmetry layered two-dimensional (2D) materials with strong in-plane optical anisotropy can potentially be applied for polarization photodetection. This is especially true for those 2D materials with a direct band gap, which can efficiently absorb light with specific axial polarization. However, discovering such new anisotropic 2D materials with a direct band structure is still extremely challenging. Here, we fabricate a photodetector using a pseudo-one-dimensional (pseudo-1D) Nb(1- x)Ti xS3 alloy device and demonstrate that it is highly sensitive to the polarized light because of the strong in-plane optical anisotropy and direct band gap of the alloy by combining angle-resolved polarization Raman spectroscopy, azimuth-dependent reflectance difference microscopy, polarization-dependent absorption spectroscopy, and hybrid functional theory calculations. As a consequence, the polarization photodetector of the Nb(1- x)Ti xS3 alloy shows a large photocurrent anisotropic ratio and a high photoresponse. The choice of a low-symmetry layered pseudo-1D Nb(1- x)Ti xS3 alloy in polarization photodetection might open up new functionalities for novel optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxue Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518005 , P. R. China
| | - Wanfu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments , Tianjin University , Weijin Road , CN-300072 Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518005 , P. R. China
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Kedi Wu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Quantum and Energy Materials , International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n , Braga 4715-330 , Portugal
| | - Ying Qin
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- Department of Quantum and Energy Materials , International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n , Braga 4715-330 , Portugal
| | - Chengbao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments , Tianjin University , Weijin Road , CN-300072 Tianjin , P. R. China
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32
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Abnormal band bowing effects in phase instability crossover region of GaSe 1-xTe x nanomaterials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1927. [PMID: 29765042 PMCID: PMC5953935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Akin to the enormous number of discoveries made through traditional semiconductor alloys, alloying selected 2D semiconductors enables engineering of their electronic structure for a wide range of new applications. 2D alloys have been demonstrated when two components crystallized in the same phase, and their bandgaps displayed predictable monotonic variation. By stabilizing previously unobserved compositions and phases of GaSe1−xTex at nanoscales on GaAs(111), we demonstrate abnormal band bowing effects and phase instability region when components crystallize in different phases. Advanced microscopy and spectroscopy measurements show as tellurium is alloyed into GaSe, nanostructures undergo hexagonal to monoclinic and isotropic to anisotropic transition. There exists an instability region (0.56 < x < 0.67) where both phases compete and coexist, and two different bandgap values can be found at the same composition leading to anomalous band bowing effects. Results highlight unique alloying effects, not existing in single-phase alloys, and phase engineering routes for potential applications in photonic and electronics. Alloys of two-dimensional materials normally occur when two components crystallize in the same phase. Here, the authors observe an anomalous phase instability, accompanied by a band bowing effect, in GaSe1-xTex alloys on GaAs(111).
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33
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Murthy AA, Stanev TK, Cain JD, Hao S, LaMountain T, Kim S, Speiser N, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Wolverton C, Stern NP, Dravid VP. Intrinsic Transport in 2D Heterostructures Mediated through h-BN Tunneling Contacts. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2990-2998. [PMID: 29678116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic transport of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their heterostructures is complicated by the difficulty in achieving electrical contacts that do not perturb the material. Typically, metal deposition on monolayer TMDs leads to hybridization between the TMD and the metal, which produces Schottky barriers at the metal/semiconductor interface. In this work, we apply the recently reported hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) tunnel contact scheme to probe the junction characteristics of a lateral TMD heterostructure grown via chemical vapor deposition. We first measure the electronic properties across the junction before elucidating optoelectronic generation mechanisms via scanning photocurrent microscopy. We find that the rectification ratio measured using the encapsulated, tunnel contact scheme is almost 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that observed via conventional metal contact geometry, which implies that the metal/semiconductor Schottky barriers play large roles in this aspect. Furthermore, we find that both the photovoltaic as well as hot carrier generation effects are dominant mechanisms driving photoresponse, depending on the external biasing conditions. This work is the first time that this encapsulation scheme has been applied to lateral heterostructures and serves as a reference for future electronic measurements on this material. It also simultaneously serves as a framework to more accurately assess the electronic transport characteristics of 2D heterostructures and better inform future device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
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34
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Jo S, Lee HW, Shim J, Heo K, Kim M, Song YJ, Park J. Highly Efficient Infrared Photodetection in a Gate-Controllable Van der Waals Heterojunction with Staggered Bandgap Alignment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700423. [PMID: 29721405 PMCID: PMC5908375 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various van der Waals (vdW) materials have been used in implementing high-performance photodetectors with high photoresponsivity over a wide detection range. However, in most studies reported so far, photodetection in the infrared (IR) region has not been achieved successfully. Although several vdW materials with narrow bandgaps have been proposed for IR detection, the devices based on these materials exhibit notably low photoresponsivity under IR light illumination. Here, highly efficient near-infrared (NIR) photodetection based on the interlayer optical transition phenomenon in a vdW heterojunction structure consisting of ReS2 and ReSe2 is demonstrated. In addition, by applying the gate-control function to the two-terminal vdW heterojunction photodetector, the photoresponsivity is enhanced to 3.64 × 105 A W-1 at λ = 980 nm and 1.58 × 105 A W-1 at λ = 1310 nm. Compared to the values reported for previous vdW photodetectors, these results are the highest levels of photoresponsivity in the NIR range. The study offers a novel device platform for achieving high-performance IR photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo‐Hyeon Jo
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Hae Won Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Shim
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Keun Heo
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Young Jae Song
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Jin‐Hong Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
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35
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Hu Z, Wu Z, Han C, He J, Ni Z, Chen W. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: interface and defect engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3100-3128. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the effects of interface and defect engineering on the electronic and optical properties of TMDCs, as well as their applications in advanced (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre
| | - Zhangting Wu
- School of Physics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre
| | - Jun He
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- School of Physics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre
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36
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Duong DL, Yun SJ, Lee YH. van der Waals Layered Materials: Opportunities and Challenges. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11803-11830. [PMID: 29219304 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since graphene became available by a scotch tape technique, a vast class of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials has been researched intensively. What is more intriguing is that the well-known physics and chemistry of three-dimensional (3D) bulk materials are often irrelevant, revealing exotic phenomena in 2D vdW materials. By further constructing heterostructures of these materials in the planar and vertical directions, which can be easily achieved via simple exfoliation techniques, numerous quantum mechanical devices have been demonstrated for fundamental research and technological applications. It is, therefore, necessary to review the special features in 2D vdW materials and to discuss the remaining issues and challenges. Here, we review the vdW materials library, technology relevance, and specialties of vdW materials covering the vdW interaction, strong Coulomb interaction, layer dependence, dielectric screening engineering, work function modulation, phase engineering, heterostructures, stability, growth issues, and the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Yun
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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37
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Frisenda R, Island JO, Lado JL, Giovanelli E, Gant P, Nagler P, Bange S, Lupton JM, Schüller C, Molina-Mendoza AJ, Aballe L, Foerster M, Korn T, Angel Niño M, de Lara DP, Pérez EM, Fernandéz-Rossier J, Castellanos-Gomez A. Characterization of highly crystalline lead iodide nanosheets prepared by room-temperature solution processing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:455703. [PMID: 29039361 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8e5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials are particularly appealing for many applications. Although theory predicts a large number of 2D materials, experimentally only a few of these materials have been identified and characterized comprehensively in the ultrathin limit. Lead iodide, which belongs to the transition metal halides family and has a direct bandgap in the visible spectrum, has been known for a long time and has been well characterized in its bulk form. Nevertheless, studies of this material in the nanometer thickness regime are rather scarce. In this article we demonstrate an easy way to synthesize ultrathin, highly crystalline flakes of PbI2 by precipitation from a solution in water. We thoroughly characterize the produced thin flakes with different techniques ranging from optical and Raman spectroscopy to temperature-dependent photoluminescence and electron microscopy. We compare the results to ab initio calculations of the band structure of the material. Finally, we fabricate photodetectors based on PbI2 and study their optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Frisenda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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38
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Léonard F, Yu W, Collins KC, Medlin DL, Sugar JD, Talin AA, Pan W. Strong Photothermoelectric Response and Contact Reactivity of the Dirac Semimetal ZrTe 5. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37041-37047. [PMID: 28971676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The family of three-dimensional topological insulators opens new avenues to discover novel photophysics and to develop novel types of photodetectors. ZrTe5 has been shown to be a Dirac semimetal possessing unique topological, electronic, and optical properties. Here, we present spatially resolved photocurrent measurements on devices made of nanoplatelets of ZrTe5, demonstrating the photothermoelectric origin of the photoresponse. Because of the high electrical conductivity and good Seebeck coefficient, we obtain noise-equivalent powers as low as 42 pW/Hz1/2, at room temperature for visible light illumination, at zero bias. We also show that these devices suffer from significant ambient reactivity, such as the formation of a Te-rich surface region driven by Zr oxidation as well as severe reactions with the metal contacts. This reactivity results in significant stresses in the devices, leading to unusual geometries that are useful for gaining insight into the photocurrent mechanisms. Our results indicate that both the large photothermoelectric response and reactivity must be considered when designing or interpreting photocurrent measurements in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Léonard
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | - Douglas L Medlin
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Joshua D Sugar
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - A Alec Talin
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Wei Pan
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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39
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Scalable and Transfer-Free Fabrication of MoS 2/SiO 2 Hybrid Nanophotonic Cavity Arrays with Quality Factors Exceeding 4000. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7251. [PMID: 28775371 PMCID: PMC5543115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the fully-scalable fabrication of a large array of hybrid molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) - silicon dioxide (SiO2) one-dimensional, free-standing photonic-crystal cavities capable of enhancement of the MoS2 photoluminescence at the narrow cavity resonance. We demonstrate continuous tunability of the cavity resonance wavelength across the entire emission band of MoS2 simply by variation of the photonic crystal periodicity. Device fabrication started by substrate-scale growth of MoS2 using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on non-birefringent thermal oxide on a silicon wafer; it was followed by lithographic fabrication of a photonic crystal nanocavity array on the same substrate at more than 50% yield of functional devices. Our cavities exhibit three dominant modes with measured linewidths less than 0.2 nm, corresponding to quality factors exceeding 4000. All experimental findings are found to be in excellent agreement with finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. CVD MoS2 provides scalable access to a direct band gap, inorganic, stable and efficient emitter material for on-chip photonics without the need for epitaxy and is at CMOS compatible processing parameters even for back-end-of-line integration; our findings suggest feasibility of cavity based line-narrowing in MoS2-based on-chip devices as it is required for instance for frequency-multiplexed operation in on-chip optical communication and sensing.
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40
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Sajedi-Moghaddam A, Saievar-Iranizad E, Pumera M. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide/conducting polymer composites: synthesis and applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8052-8065. [PMID: 28594009 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02022h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of hybridizing transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets with other materials as a unique approach for engineering their properties has attracted considerable attention from the scientific community for both basic studies and numerous potential applications. Among the various kinds of functional materials in hand, the utilization of intrinsically conducting polymers (CPs) in the construction of advanced hybrid composites with TMD nanosheets is considered as a fascinating approach. In this review, we aim at providing a survey of the literature on recent progress in composites based on 2D TMD and CPs. In this regard, we first discuss the different synthetic strategies used for the fabrication of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide/conducting polymer (2D TMD/CP) composites in detail. Subsequently, we demonstrate the state-of-the-art advances in the utilization of these novel composites in promising applications such as energy storage, sensing devices, hydrogen production and so on. Finally, we also highlight some perspectives on the major challenges and future directions in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sajedi-Moghaddam
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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41
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Waleed A, Tavakoli MM, Gu L, Wang Z, Zhang D, Manikandan A, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Chueh YL, Fan Z. Lead-Free Perovskite Nanowire Array Photodetectors with Drastically Improved Stability in Nanoengineering Templates. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:523-530. [PMID: 28009510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite materials have triggered enormous attention for a wide range of high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, their stability and toxicity are major bottleneck challenges for practical applications. Substituting toxic heavy metal, that is, lead (Pb), with other environmentally benign elements, for example, tin (Sn), could be a potential solution to address the toxicity issue. Nevertheless, even worse stability of Sn-based perovskite material than Pb-based perovskite poses a great challenge for further device fabrication. In this work, for the first time, three-dimensional CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite nanowire arrays were fabricated in nanoengineering templates, which can address nanowire integration and stability issues at the same time. Also, nanowire photodetectors have been fabricated and characterized. Intriguingly, it was discovered that as the nanowires are embedded in mechanically and chemically robust templates, the material decay process has been dramatically slowed down by up to 840 times, as compared with a planar thin film. This significant improvement on stability can be attributed to the effective blockage of diffusion of water and oxygen molecules within the templates. These results clearly demonstrate a new and alternative strategy to address the stability issue of perovskite materials, which is the major roadblock for high-performance optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashir Waleed
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 113659466 Tehran, Iran
| | - Leilei Gu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Daquan Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Arumugam Manikandan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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42
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He Y, Spataru CD, Léonard F, Jones RE, Foster ME, Allendorf MD, Alec Talin A. Two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks with high thermoelectric efficiency through metal ion selection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19461-19467. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermoelectric properties strongly depend on both the interaction between the metal ions and the ligands, and d orbital splitting of the metal ions induced by the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping He
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
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43
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Frisenda R, Giovanelli E, Mishra P, Gant P, Flores E, Sánchez C, Ares JR, Perez de Lara D, Ferrer IJ, Pérez EM, Castellanos-Gomez A. Dielectrophoretic assembly of liquid-phase-exfoliated TiS3 nanoribbons for photodetecting applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6164-6167. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase exfoliation produces colloidal two-dimensional materials that can be assembled by dielectrophoresis to fabricate optoelectronic devices.
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44
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Duan X, Wang C, Fan Z, Hao G, Kou L, Halim U, Li H, Wu X, Wang Y, Jiang J, Pan A, Huang Y, Yu R, Duan X. Synthesis of WS2xSe2-2x Alloy Nanosheets with Composition-Tunable Electronic Properties. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:264-9. [PMID: 26633760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently emerged as a new class of atomically thin semiconductors for diverse electronic, optoelectronic, and valleytronic applications. To explore the full potential of these 2D semiconductors requires a precise control of their band gap and electronic properties, which represents a significant challenge in 2D material systems. Here we demonstrate a systematic control of the electronic properties of 2D-TMDs by creating mixed alloys of the intrinsically p-type WSe2 and intrinsically n-type WS2 with variable alloy compositions. We show that a series of WS2xSe2-2x alloy nanosheets can be synthesized with fully tunable chemical compositions and optical properties. Electrical transport studies using back-gated field effect transistors demonstrate that charge carrier types and threshold voltages of the alloy nanosheet transistors can be systematically tuned by adjusting the alloy composition. A highly p-type behavior is observed in selenium-rich alloy, which gradually shifts to lightly p-type, and then switches to lightly n-type characteristics with the increasing sulfur atomic ratio, and eventually evolves into highly n-doped semiconductors in sulfur-rich alloys. The synthesis of WS2xSe2-2x nanosheets with tunable optical and electronic properties represents a critical step toward rational design of 2D electronics with tailored spectral responses and device characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology , Garden Point Campus, QLD 4001 Brisbane, Australia
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45
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Zhong X, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zhou F, Liu C, Yin Y, Peng Y, Tang D. High-performance photodetectors based on bandgap engineered novel layer GaSe0.5Te0.5 nanoflakes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional (2D) gallium monochalcogenide (GaX, X = S, Se, Te) semiconductor crystals hold great promise for potential electronics and photonics application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Zhong
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Weichang Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Yong Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Fang Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Chang Liu
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Yanling Yin
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Yuehua Peng
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application
- Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education
- College of Physics and Information Science
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
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46
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He J, He D, Wang Y, Zhao H. Photocarrier dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenide alloy Mo0.5W0.5S2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:33370-33377. [PMID: 26832001 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.033370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a transient absorption study of photocarrier dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenide alloy, Mo0.5W0.5S2. Photocarriers were injected by a 400-nm pump pulse and detected by a 660-nm probe pulse. We observed a fast energy relaxation process of about 0.7 ps. The photocarrier lifetime is in the range of 50 - 100 ps, which weakly depends on the injected photocarrier density and is a few times shorter than MoS2 and WS2, reflecting the relatively lower crystalline quality of the alloy. Saturable absorption was also observed in Mo0.5W0.5S2, with a saturation energy fluence of 32 μJ cm(-2). These results provide important parameters on photocarrier properties of transition metal dichalcogenide alloys.
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47
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Bhimanapati GR, Lin Z, Meunier V, Jung Y, Cha J, Das S, Xiao D, Son Y, Strano MS, Cooper VR, Liang L, Louie SG, Ringe E, Zhou W, Kim SS, Naik RR, Sumpter BG, Terrones H, Xia F, Wang Y, Zhu J, Akinwande D, Alem N, Schuller JA, Schaak RE, Terrones M, Robinson JA. Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11509-39. [PMID: 26544756 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 875] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of graphene in 2004 from graphite was a defining moment for the "birth" of a field: two-dimensional (2D) materials. In recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing number of papers focusing on non-graphene layered materials, including transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), because of the new properties and applications that emerge upon 2D confinement. Here, we review significant recent advances and important new developments in 2D materials "beyond graphene". We provide insight into the theoretical modeling and understanding of the van der Waals (vdW) forces that hold together the 2D layers in bulk solids, as well as their excitonic properties and growth morphologies. Additionally, we highlight recent breakthroughs in TMD synthesis and characterization and discuss the newest families of 2D materials, including monoelement 2D materials (i.e., silicene, phosphorene, etc.) and transition metal carbide- and carbon nitride-based MXenes. We then discuss the doping and functionalization of 2D materials beyond graphene that enable device applications, followed by advances in electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic devices and theory. Finally, we provide perspectives on the future of 2D materials beyond graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Bhimanapati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhong Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Judy Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Birck Nanotechnology Center & Department of ECE, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Youngwoo Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Valentino R Cooper
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science & Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wu Zhou
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steve S Kim
- Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc. , Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Rajesh R Naik
- Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Humberto Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Centre, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Nasim Alem
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jon A Schuller
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California at Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joshua A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Wang F, Shifa TA, Zhan X, Huang Y, Liu K, Cheng Z, Jiang C, He J. Recent advances in transition-metal dichalcogenide based nanomaterials for water splitting. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19764-88. [PMID: 26578154 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The desire for sustainable and clean energy future continues to be the concern of the scientific community. Researchers are incessantly targeting the development of scalable and abundant electro- or photo-catalysts for water splitting. Owing to their suitable band-gap and excellent stability, an enormous amount of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with hierarchical nanostructures have been extensively explored. Herein, we present an overview of the recent research progresses in the design, characterization and applications of the TMD-based electro- or photo-catalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution. Emphasis is given to the layered and pyrite-phase structured TMDs encompassing semiconducting and metallic nanomaterials. Illustrative results and the future prospects are pointed out. This review will provide the readers with insight into the state-of-the-art research progresses in TMD based nanomaterials for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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49
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Léonard F, Song E, Li Q, Swartzentruber B, Martinez JA, Wang GT. Simultaneous Thermoelectric and Optoelectronic Characterization of Individual Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:8129-8135. [PMID: 26529491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting nanowires have been explored for a number of applications in optoelectronics such as photodetectors and solar cells. Currently, there is ample interest in identifying the mechanisms that lead to photoresponse in nanowires in order to improve and optimize performance. However, distinguishing among the different mechanisms, including photovoltaic, photothermoelectric, photoemission, bolometric, and photoconductive, is often difficult using purely optoelectronic measurements. In this work, we present an approach for performing combined and simultaneous thermoelectric and optoelectronic measurements on the same individual nanowire. We apply the approach to GaN/AlGaN core/shell and GaN/AlGaN/GaN core/shell/shell nanowires and demonstrate the photothermoelectric nature of the photocurrent observed at the electrical contacts at zero bias, for above- and below-bandgap illumination. Furthermore, the approach allows for the experimental determination of the temperature rise due to laser illumination, which is often obtained indirectly through modeling. We also show that under bias, both above- and below-bandgap illumination leads to a photoresponse in the channel with signatures of persistent photoconductivity due to photogating. Finally, we reveal the concomitant presence of photothermoelectric and photogating phenomena at the contacts in scanning photocurrent microscopy under bias by using their different temporal response. Our approach is applicable to a broad range of nanomaterials to elucidate their fundamental optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Léonard
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Erdong Song
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Qiming Li
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Brian Swartzentruber
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Julio A Martinez
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - George T Wang
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
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50
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Ternary SnS(2-x)Se(x) Alloys Nanosheets and Nanosheet Assemblies with Tunable Chemical Compositions and Band Gaps for Photodetector Applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17109. [PMID: 26616539 PMCID: PMC4663750 DOI: 10.1038/srep17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary metal dichalcogenides alloys exhibit compositionally tunable optical properties and electronic structure, and therefore, band gap engineering by controllable doping would provide a powerful approach to promote their physical and chemical properties. Herein we obtained ternary SnS2−xSex alloys with tunable chemical compositions and optical properties via a simple one-step solvothermal process. Raman scattering and UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra reveal the composition-related optical features, and the band gaps can be discretely modulated from 2.23 to 1.29 eV with the increase of Se content. The variation tendency of band gap was also confirmed by first-principles calculations. The change of composition results in the difference of crystal structure as well as morphology for SnS2−xSex solid solution, namely, nanosheets assemblies or nanosheet. The photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that the performance of ternary SnS2−xSex alloys depends on their band structures and morphology characteristics. Furthermore, SnS2−xSex photodetectors present high photoresponsivity with a maximum of 35 mA W−1 and good light stability in a wide range of spectral response from ultraviolet to visible light, which renders them promising candidates for a variety of optoelectronic applications.
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