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Huang Q, Zheng H, Wang X, Fu Q, Gong T, Liu C, Ma H, Ye L, Duan X, Yuan Y. Construction of Oxygen Vacancy-Rich TiO 2 Nanocrystals for Boosting the Ammonolysis of Caprolactam to 6-Aminocapronitrile. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13806-13814. [PMID: 38466904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hexamethylene diamine, an important chemical intermediate for polyamides, can be synthesized through the two-step route of caprolactam (CPL) ammonolysis to 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN), followed by hydrogenation. This method has received increasing attention from academia and industry. However, studies on the catalyst structure-performance correlation in CPL ammonolysis are still sporadic. In this work, a series of anatase TiO2 with different oxygen vacancy concentrations was prepared by chemical reduction using NaBH4. The oxygen vacancy on TiO2 surface, presented as Ti3+ sites, substantially enhances the adsorption and activation of NH3, which are demonstrated as the key steps in ammonolysis. Owing to the synergistic effect of Ti3+ and Ti4+ species, the CPL conversion rate and ACN selectivity of 85 and 97%, respectively, are achieved within 250 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the intermediates on oxygen vacancy-rich TiO2 had a more favorable adsorption energy compared to those on intact TiO2, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Hubei Xingfa Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Yichang 443099, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Hubei Xingfa Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Yichang 443099, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Hubei Xingfa Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Yichang 443099, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Hubei Xingfa Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Yichang 443099, China
| | - Linmin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Youzhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Xie Q, Pan X, Luo W, Shuai Y, Zeng H, Wang J, Liu Y, Yang X, Lv L, Xu J, Yan H, Wu C, Zhang W. Controllable modulation of the oxygen vacancy-induced adjustment of memristive behavior for direct differential operation with transistor-free memristor. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14257-14265. [PMID: 37602393 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02395h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the goal of neuromorphic computing hardware implementation with extremely high efficiency, low power consumption, and high density, it is necessary to develop transistor-free memristors and implement differential operation without subtraction circuits. In this study, argon ion irradiation was used during the fabrication process of a single crystalline LiNbO3 (LN) thin film to controllably introduce oxygen vacancies (OVs) into the bottom surface, which realized the modulation of OVs based on the excellent environment provided by a single-crystalline thin film. The memristive behavior of memristors was then modulated by regulating the distribution of OVs, and the effect of OVs distributed near the bottom surface of the single crystalline LN thin film on the memristive behavior was analyzed. In this way, two transistor-free memristors with opposite memristive behavior directions were fabricated. Two transistor-free memristors exhibit excellent synaptic plasticity and reliable multilevel resistance states. Based on two transistor-free memristors, a novel differential pair was constructed. Hardware implementations of direct differential operation without subtraction circuits were achieved. This study provides a new pathway to develop a transistor-free memristor and achieve differential operation without subtraction circuits in neuromorphic computing, which will simplify the peripheral circuits, improve integration density, and reduce power consumption and latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Xinqiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology, UESTC, Chongqing 401332, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology, UESTC, Chongqing 401332, P. R. China
| | - Yao Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology, UESTC, Chongqing 401332, P. R. China
| | - Huizhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Jiejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Yan
- Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology, UESTC, Chongqing 401332, P. R. China
| | - Chuangui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology, UESTC, Chongqing 401332, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China.
- Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics Industry Technology, UESTC, Chongqing 401332, P. R. China
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Desai DV, Yang J, Lee HH. Characteristics of Synaptic Function of Mesoporous Silica-Titania and Mesoporous Titania Lateral Electrode Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111734. [PMID: 37299637 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have fabricated non-volatile memory resistive switching (RS) devices and analyzed analog memristive characteristics using lateral electrodes with mesoporous silica-titania (meso-ST) and mesoporous titania (meso-T) layers. For the planar-type device having two parallel electrodes, current-voltage (I-V) curves and pulse-driven current changes could reveal successful long-term potentiation (LTP) along with long-term depression (LTD), respectively, by the RS active mesoporous two layers for 20~100 μm length. Through mechanism characterization using chemical analysis, non-filamental memristive behavior unlike the conventional metal electroforming was identified. Additionally, high performance of the synaptic operations could be also accomplished such that a high current of 10-6 Amp level could occur despite a wide electrode spacing and short pulse spike biases under ambient condition with moderate humidity (RH 30~50%). Moreover, it was confirmed that rectifying characteristics were observed during the I-V measurement, which was a representative feature of dual functionality of selection diode and the analog RS device for both meso-ST and meso-T devices. The memristive and synaptic functions along with the rectification property could facilitate a chance of potential implementation of the meso-ST and meso-T devices to neuromorphic electronics platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashri Vitthal Desai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-Si 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-Si 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-Si 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang H, Fei H, Liu R, Kong H, Gao R, Zhao S, Liu T, Wang Y, Ni M, Ciucci F, Wang J. Metal Oxide-Supported Metal Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Characterization Methods, Modulation Strategies, and Recent Progress. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2201714. [PMID: 37029582 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with complex multielectron transfer steps significantly limits the large-scale application of electrochemical energy devices, including metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Recent years witnessed the development of metal oxide-supported metal catalysts (MOSMCs), covering single atoms, clusters, and nanoparticles. As alternatives to conventional carbon-dispersed metal catalysts, MOSMCs are gaining increasing interest due to their unique electronic configuration and potentially high corrosion resistance. By engineering the metal oxide substrate, supported metal, and their interactions, MOSMCs can be facilely modulated. Significant progress has been made in advancing MOSMCs for ORR, and their further development warrants advanced characterization methods to better understand MOSMCs and precise modulation strategies to boost their functionalities. In this regard, a comprehensive review of MOSMCs for ORR is still lacking despite this fast-developing field. To eliminate this gap, advanced characterization methods are introduced for clarifying MOSMCs experimentally and theoretically, discuss critical methods of boosting their intrinsic activities and number of active sites, and systematically overview the status of MOSMCs based on different metal oxide substrates for ORR. By conveying methods, research status, critical challenges, and perspectives, this review will rationally promote the design of MOSMCs for electrochemical energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yunze Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fei
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ruoqi Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD) & Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD) & Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, HKUST, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ni
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD) & Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Francesco Ciucci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, HKUST, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, 518048, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
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Sato K, Hayashi Y, Masaoka N, Tohei T, Sakai A. High-temperature operation of gallium oxide memristors up to 600 K. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1261. [PMID: 36717634 PMCID: PMC9886979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Memristors have attracted much attention for application in neuromorphic devices and brain-inspired computing hardware. Their performance at high temperatures is required to be sufficiently reliable in neuromorphic computing, potential application to power electronics, and the aerospace industry. This work focuses on reduced gallium oxide (GaOx) as a wide bandgap memristive material that is reported to exhibit highly reliable resistive switching operation. We prepared amorphous GaOx films to fabricate Pt/GaOx/indium tin oxide memristors using pulsed laser deposition. Stable resistive switching phenomena were observed in current-voltage properties measured between 300 and 600 K. The conduction mechanism analysis revealed that the resistive switching is caused by the transition between ohmic and space charge limiting current conductions. We elucidated the importance of appropriate control of the density of oxygen vacancies to obtain a high on/off resistance ratio and distinct resistive switching at high temperatures. These results indicate that GaOx is a promising memristor material that can be stably operated even at the record-high temperature of 600 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Sato
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yusuke Hayashi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Naoki Masaoka
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tohei
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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6
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Kim SB, Shin JH, Kim GJ, Hong SC. Promoting Metal–Support Interaction on Pt/TiO 2 Catalyst by Antimony for Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Activity at Room Temperature. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Kim
- Environmental Technology Division, Korea Testing Laboratory, 87 Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul08389, South Korea
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do16227, South Korea
| | - Geo Jong Kim
- Chemical & Process Technology Division, Korea Research Insititute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34114, South Korea
| | - Sung Chang Hong
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do16227, South Korea
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Chee MY, Dananjaya PA, Lim GJ, Du Y, Lew WS. Frequency-Dependent Synapse Weight Tuning in 1S1R with a Short-Term Plasticity TiO x-Based Exponential Selector. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35959-35968. [PMID: 35892238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term plasticity (STP) is an important synaptic characteristic in the hardware implementation of artificial neural networks (ANN), as it enables the temporal information processing (TIP) capability. However, the STP feature is rather challenging to reproduce from a single nonvolatile resistive random-access memory (RRAM) element, as it requires a certain degree of volatility. In this work, a Pt/TiOx/Pt exponential selector is introduced not only to suppress the sneak current but also to enable the TIP feature in a one selector-one RRAM (1S1R) synaptic device. Our measurements reveal that the exponential selector exhibits the STP characteristic, while a Pt/HfOx/Ti RRAM enables the long-term memory capability of the synapse. Thereafter, we experimentally demonstrated pulse frequency-dependent multilevel switching in the 1S1R device, exhibiting the TIP capability of the developed 1S1R synapse. The observed STP of the selector is strongly influenced by the bottom metal-oxide interface, in which Ar plasma treatment on the bottom Pt electrode resulted in the annihilation of the STP feature in the selector. A mechanism is thus proposed to explain the observed STP, using the local electric field enhancement induced at the metal-oxide interface coupled with the drift-diffusion model of mobile O2- and Ti3+ ions. This work therefore provides a reliable means of producing the STP feature in a 1S1R device, which demonstrates the TIP capability sought after in hardware-based ANN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Yin Chee
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Putu Andhita Dananjaya
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Gerard Joseph Lim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuanmin Du
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wen Siang Lew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Nguyen DA, Jo Y, Tran TU, Jeong MS, Kim H, Im H. Electrically and Optically Controllable p-n Junction Memtransistor Based on an Al 2 O 3 Encapsulated 2D Te/ReS 2 van der Waals Heterostructure. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2101303. [PMID: 34928036 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of memtransistors as a combination of a memristor and a transistor has recently attracted intensive attention because it offers a promising candidate for next-generation multilevel nonvolatile memories and synaptic devices. However, the present state-of-the-art memtransistors, which are based on a single material, such as MoS2 or perovskite, exhibit a relatively low switching ratio, require extremely high electric fields to modulate bistable resistance states and do not perform multifunctional operations. Here, the realization of an electrically and optically controllable p-n junction memtransistor using an Al2 O3 encapsulated 2D Te/ReS2 van der Waals heterostructure is reported. The hybrid memtransistor shows a reversible bipolar resistance switching behavior between a low resistance state and a high resistance state with a high switching ratio up to 106 at a low operating voltage (<10 V), high cycling endurance, and long retention time. Moreover, multiple resistance states are achieved by applying different bias voltages, gate voltages, or light powers. In addition, logical operations, including the inverter and AND/OR gates, and synaptic activities are performed by controlling the optical and electrical inputs. The work offers a novel strategy for the reliable fabrication of p-n junction memtransistors for multifunctional devices and neuromorphic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Anh Nguyen
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Jo
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Uyen Tran
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsang Kim
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Im
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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Salev P, Fratino L, Sasaki D, Berkoun R, Del Valle J, Kalcheim Y, Takamura Y, Rozenberg M, Schuller IK. Transverse barrier formation by electrical triggering of a metal-to-insulator transition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5499. [PMID: 34535660 PMCID: PMC8448889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of an electric stimulus to a material with a metal-insulator transition can trigger a large resistance change. Resistive switching from an insulating into a metallic phase, which typically occurs by the formation of a conducting filament parallel to the current flow, is a highly active research topic. Using the magneto-optical Kerr imaging, we found that the opposite type of resistive switching, from a metal into an insulator, occurs in a reciprocal characteristic spatial pattern: the formation of an insulating barrier perpendicular to the driving current. This barrier formation leads to an unusual N-type negative differential resistance in the current-voltage characteristics. We further demonstrate that electrically inducing a transverse barrier enables a unique approach to voltage-controlled magnetism. By triggering the metal-to-insulator resistive switching in a magnetic material, local on/off control of ferromagnetism is achieved using a global voltage bias applied to the whole device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Salev
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Fratino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Dayne Sasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rani Berkoun
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Javier Del Valle
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yoav Kalcheim
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yayoi Takamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo Rozenberg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ivan K Schuller
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Bhatnagar P, Nguyen TT, Kim S, Seo JH, Patel M, Kim J. Transparent photovoltaic memory for neuromorphic device. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5243-5250. [PMID: 33650601 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired electronic devices have significant potential for use in memory devices of the future, including in the context of neuromorphic computing and architecture. This study proposes a transparent heterojunction device for the artificial human visual cortex. Owing to their high transparency, such devices directly react to incoming light to mimic neurological and biological processes in the nervous system. Metal-oxide materials are applied to form a transparent heterojunction (n-type ZnO/p-type NiO) in the proposed device that also provides the photovoltaic function to realize the optic nerve system. The device also exhibits nociceptive features. Its transparent photovoltaic feature endows it with self-powered operation that ensures long-term reliability without needing to replace the power system. This self-powered and highly transparent visual electronic device can provide a route for sustainable applications of neuromorphic computing, including artificial eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhatnagar
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Thanh Tai Nguyen
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Sangho Kim
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Ji Heun Seo
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Malkeshkumar Patel
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
| | - Joondong Kim
- Photoelectric and Energy Device Application Lab (PEDAL), Multidisciplinary Core Institute for Future Energies (MCIFE), Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 22012, Korea.
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11
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Koroleva AA, Chernikova AG, Chouprik AA, Gornev ES, Slavich AS, Khakimov RR, Korostylev EV, Hwang CS, Markeev AM. Impact of the Atomic Layer-Deposited Ru Electrode Surface Morphology on Resistive Switching Properties of TaO x-Based Memory Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55331-55341. [PMID: 33190485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resistive switching (RS) device behavior is highly dependent on both insulator and electrode material properties. In particular, the bottom electrode (BE) surface morphology can strongly affect RS characteristics. In this work, Ru films with different thicknesses grown on a TiN layer by radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition (REALD) are used as an inert BE in TaOx-based RS structures. The REALD Ru surface roughness is found to increase by more than 1 order of magnitude with the increase in the reaction cycle number. Simultaneously, a wide range of RS parameters, such as switching voltage, resistance both in low and high resistance states, endurance, and so forth, monotonically change. A simplified model is proposed to explain the linkage between RS properties and roughness of the Ru surface. The field distribution was simulated based on the observed surface morphologies, and the resulting conducting filament formation was anticipated based on the local field enhancement. Conductive atomic force microscopy confirmed the theoretical expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A Koroleva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Anna G Chernikova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Chouprik
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny S Gornev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
- Molecular Electronics Research Institute, 12/1 Akademika Valieva Street, Zelenograd, Moscow 124460, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr S Slavich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Roman R Khakimov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny V Korostylev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Cheol Seong Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Andrey M Markeev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation
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12
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Illarionov GA, Morozova SM, Chrishtop VV, Einarsrud MA, Morozov MI. Memristive TiO 2: Synthesis, Technologies, and Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:724. [PMID: 33134249 PMCID: PMC7567014 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely used materials in resistive switching applications, including random-access memory, neuromorphic computing, biohybrid interfaces, and sensors. Most of these applications are still at an early stage of development and have technological challenges and a lack of fundamental comprehension. Furthermore, the functional memristive properties of TiO2 thin films are heavily dependent on their processing methods, including the synthesis, fabrication, and post-fabrication treatment. Here, we outline and summarize the key milestone achievements, recent advances, and challenges related to the synthesis, technology, and applications of memristive TiO2. Following a brief introduction, we provide an overview of the major areas of application of TiO2-based memristive devices and discuss their synthesis, fabrication, and post-fabrication processing, as well as their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii A. Illarionov
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofia M. Morozova
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Chrishtop
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mari-Ann Einarsrud
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maxim I. Morozov
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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13
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Zhong JP, Hou C, Li L, Waqas M, Fan YJ, Shen XC, Chen W, Wan LY, Liao HG, Sun SG. A novel strategy for synthesizing Fe, N, and S tridoped graphene-supported Pt nanodendrites toward highly efficient methanol oxidation. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Tian X, Cook C, Hong W, Ma T, Brennecka GL, Tan X. In Situ TEM Study of the Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition during Dielectric Breakdown in TiO 2 Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40726-40733. [PMID: 31580643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric breakdown of oxides is a main limiting factor for improvement of the performance of electronic devices. Present understanding suggests that defects produced by intense voltage accumulate in the oxide to form a percolation path connecting the two electrodes and trigger the dielectric breakdown. However, reports on directly visualizing the process at nanoscale are very limited. Here, we apply in situ transmission electron microscopy to characterize the structural and compositional changes of amorphous TiO2 under extreme electric field (∼100 kV/mm) in a Si/TiO2/W system. Upon applying voltage pulses, the amorphous TiO2 gradually transformed into crystalline substoichiometric rutile TiO2-x and the Magnéli phase Ti3O5. The transitions started from the anode/oxide interface under both field polarities. Preferred growth orientation of rutile TiO2-x with respect to the Si substrate was observed when Si was the anode, while oxidation and melting of the W probe occurred when W was the anode. We associate the TiO2 crystallization process with the electrochemical reduction of TiO2, polarity-dependent oxygen migration, and Joule heating. The experimental results are supported by our phase-field modeling. These findings provide direct details of the defect formation process during dielectric breakdown in amorphous oxides and will help the design of electronic devices with higher efficiency and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Chloe Cook
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Tao Ma
- US Department of Energy , Ames Laboratory , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Geoff L Brennecka
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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15
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Jung H, Kim YH, Kim J, Yoon TS, Kang CJ, Yoon S, Lee HH. Analog Memristive Characteristics of Mesoporous Silica-Titania Nanocomposite Device Concurrent with Selection Diode Property. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36807-36816. [PMID: 31514504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A threshold resistive switching (RS) device concurrently demonstrating analog memristive property with mesoporous silica-titania (m-ST) nanocomposites is introduced in this study. The nanostructured m-ST layer in an Al/m-ST/Pt device was constructed by facile soft templating of evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method to demonstrate nonlinear threshold RS behaviors accompanying with discrete synaptic characteristics along with adaptive motions. The EISA layer was composed of well-ordered mesopores (∼10 nm), where paths of electrical currents could be controllably guided and sequentially activated by repeated voltage sweeps. The combinational memristive behavior accompanying the shift of threshold voltage (Vth) could implicate concurrent performances of threshold RS and selection diode devices. In addition, synaptic functionalities of long-term potentiation and depression were characterized by variations of pulse timing width (7-100 ms). Physical and chemical features of the m-ST were analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and optical microscopy to investigate the unique origin of dual operation modes of the device. The m-ST synaptic device could have potential for further development of a hybrid selection diode having both a low sneaky current loss and memristive characteristics accomplishing low level of cross-talk between RS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaekwang Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , 84, Heuk Seok-ro , Dongjak-gu 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Songhun Yoon
- School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , 84, Heuk Seok-ro , Dongjak-gu 06974 , Republic of Korea
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16
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Understanding memristive switching via in situ characterization and device modeling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3453. [PMID: 31371705 PMCID: PMC6672015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their attractive application potentials in both non-volatile memory and unconventional computing, memristive devices have drawn substantial research attention in the last decade. However, major roadblocks still remain in device performance, especially concerning relatively large parameter variability and limited cycling endurance. The response of the active region in the device within and between switching cycles plays the dominating role, yet the microscopic details remain elusive. This Review summarizes recent progress in scientific understanding of the physical origins of the non-idealities and propose a synergistic approach based on in situ characterization and device modeling to investigate switching mechanism. At last, the Review offers an outlook for commercialization viability of memristive technology. Memristor as the fourth basic element of electric circuits has drawn substantial attention for developing future computing technologies. Sun et al. report the progress and the challenges facing researchers on understanding memristive switching, and advocate continuous studies using a synergistic approach.
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17
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Nallagatla VR, Jo J, Acharya SK, Kim M, Jung CU. Confining vertical conducting filament for reliable resistive switching by using a Au-probe tip as the top electrode for epitaxial brownmillerite oxide memristive device. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1188. [PMID: 30718689 PMCID: PMC6362224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We had discovered novel resistance switching phenomena in SrCoOx epitaxial thin films. We have interpreted the results in terms of the topotactic phase transformation between their insulating brownmillerite phase and the conducting perovskite phase and the existence of a rather vertical conducting filament due to its inherent layered structure. However, the rough interface observed between the SrCoOx and the Au top electrode (area ~10000 μm2) was assumed to result in the observed fluctuation in key switching parameters. In order to verify the effect of rough interface on the switching performance in the SrCoOx device, in this work, we studied the resistive switching properties of a SrCoOx device by placing a Au-coated tip (end area ~0.5 μm2) directly on the film surface as the top electrode. The resulting device displayed much improved endurance and showed high uniformity in key switching parameters as compared to the device having a large top electrode area. A simulation result confirmed that the Au-coated tip provides a local confinement of the electrical field, resulting in confinement of oxygen ion distribution and therefore localization of the conducting filament. By minimizing other free and uncontrollable parameters, the designed experiment here provides the most direct and isolated evidence that the rough interface between electrode and ReRAM matrix is detrimental for the reproducibility of resistivity switching phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janghyun Jo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Susant Kumar Acharya
- Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 449-791, Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
| | - Chang Uk Jung
- Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 449-791, Korea.
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18
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McDowell MT, Jungjohann KL, Celano U. Dynamic Nanomaterials Phenomena Investigated with in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Nano Letters Virtual Issue. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:657-659. [PMID: 29444554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T McDowell
- G. W. W. School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Katherine L Jungjohann
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratory , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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19
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Chen Y, Li L, Zhang L, Han J. In situ formation of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles on surfaces of polyaniline nanofibers as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation reduction of nitrobenzene. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Manning HG, Biswas S, Holmes JD, Boland JJ. Nonpolar Resistive Switching in Ag@TiO 2 Core-Shell Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38959-38966. [PMID: 29027461 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonpolar resistive switching (RS), a combination of bipolar and unipolar RS, is demonstrated for the first time in a single nanowire (NW) system. Exploiting Ag@TiO2 core-shell (CS) NWs synthesized by postgrowth shell formation, the switching mode is controlled by adjusting the current compliance effectively, tailoring the electrical polarity response. We demonstrate ON/OFF ratios of 105 and 107 for bipolar and unipolar modes, respectively. In the bipolar regime, retention times could be controlled up to 103 s, and in the unipolar mode, >106 s was recorded. We show how the unique dual-mode switching behavior is enabled by the defect-rich polycrystalline material structure of the TiO2 shell and the interaction between the Ag core and the Ag electrodes. These results provide a foundation for engineering nonpolar RS behaviors for memory storage and neuromorphic applications in CSNW structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhajit Biswas
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork , Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork , Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
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21
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Kramer T, Mierwaldt D, Scherff M, Kanbach M, Jooss C. Developing an in situ environmental TEM set up for investigations of resistive switching mechanisms in Pt-Pr 1-xCa xMnO 3-δ-Pt sandwich structures. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 184:61-70. [PMID: 28850867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-volatile resistance change under electric stimulation in many metal-oxides is a promising path to next generation memory devices. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In situ transmission electron microscopy experiments provide a powerful tool to elucidate these mechanisms. In this contribution, we demonstrate a TEM lamella geometry for in situ biasing with two fixed electrode contacts ensuring low and stable contact resistances. We use Pr1-xCaxMnO3-δ sandwiched by Pt electrodes as model system. The evolution of manganese valence state during electric stimulation in different environments is mapped by means of electron energy loss spectroscopy with high spatial resolution in STEM. Correlation of Mn valence with local oxygen content is found. In addition to electrically driven switching, beam-induced redox reactions in oxygen environment are observed. This effect might be restricted to thin lamellae. In general, our results support that bulk oxygen electromigration is the relevant mechanism for non-volatile resistive switching in PCMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Kramer
- Institute of Material Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany .
| | - Daniel Mierwaldt
- Institute of Material Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Malte Scherff
- Institute of Material Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mike Kanbach
- Institute of Material Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institute of Material Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany .
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22
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Zhang Q, He X, Shi J, Lu N, Li H, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Chen LQ, Morris B, Xu Q, Yu P, Gu L, Jin K, Nan CW. Atomic-resolution imaging of electrically induced oxygen vacancy migration and phase transformation in SrCoO 2.5-σ. Nat Commun 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28740076 PMCID: PMC5524633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen ion transport is the key issue in redox processes. Visualizing the process of oxygen ion migration with atomic resolution is highly desirable for designing novel devices such as oxidation catalysts, oxygen permeation membranes, and solid oxide fuel cells. Here we show the process of electrically induced oxygen migration and subsequent reconstructive structural transformation in a SrCoO2.5−σ film by scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find that the extraction of oxygen from every second SrO layer occurs gradually under an electrical bias; beyond a critical voltage, the brownmillerite units collapse abruptly and evolve into a periodic nano-twined phase with a high c/a ratio and distorted tetrahedra. Our results show that oxygen vacancy rows are not only natural oxygen diffusion channels, but also preferred sites for the induced oxygen vacancies. These direct experimental results of oxygen migration may provide a common mechanism for the electrically induced structural evolution of oxides. Information on how oxygen ions transport is crucial to understanding field-induced phase transformations in materials. Here, Zhang et al. directly image atomic-scale oxygen migration and the subsequent structural reconstruction in a SrCoO2.5-σ film in the presence of an electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xu He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nianpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haobo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Bill Morris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94706, USA
| | - Qiang Xu
- DENSsolutions, Informaticalaan 12, Delft, 2628ZD, The Netherlands
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100190, China.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-198, Japan
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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23
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Tang K, Meng AC, Hui F, Shi Y, Petach T, Hitzman C, Koh AL, Goldhaber-Gordon D, Lanza M, McIntyre PC. Distinguishing Oxygen Vacancy Electromigration and Conductive Filament Formation in TiO 2 Resistance Switching Using Liquid Electrolyte Contacts. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4390-4399. [PMID: 28604007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance switching in TiO2 and many other transition metal oxide resistive random access memory materials is believed to involve the assembly and breaking of interacting oxygen vacancy filaments via the combined effects of field-driven ion migration and local electronic conduction leading to Joule heating. These complex processes are very difficult to study directly in part because the filaments form between metallic electrode layers that block their observation by most characterization techniques. By replacing the top electrode layer in a metal-insulator-metal memory structure with easily removable liquid electrolytes, either an ionic liquid (IL) with high resistance contact or a conductive aqueous electrolyte, we probe field-driven oxygen vacancy redistribution in TiO2 thin films under conditions that either suppress or promote Joule heating. Oxygen isotope exchange experiments indicate that exchange of oxygen ions between TiO2 and the IL is facile at room temperature. Oxygen loss significantly increases the conductivity of the TiO2 films; however, filament formation is not observed after IL gating alone. Replacing the IL with a more conductive aqueous electrolyte contact and biasing does produce electroformed conductive filaments, consistent with a requirement for Joule heating to enhance the vacancy concentration and mobility at specific locations in the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechao Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew C Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Fei Hui
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Lanza
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Paul C McIntyre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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24
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Lu B, Yao B, Roseman G, Deming CP, Lu JE, Millhauser GL, Li Y, Chen S. Ethanol Oxidation Reaction Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Hydrogen‐Treated TiO
2
Nanobelts: Impact of Oxygen Vacancies. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Graham Roseman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Christopher P. Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Jia En Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Glenn L. Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Yat Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
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25
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Ge J, Chaker M. Oxygen Vacancies Control Transition of Resistive Switching Mode in Single-Crystal TiO 2 Memory Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16327-16334. [PMID: 28452213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial TiO2 thin films were grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on conductive Nb-SrTiO3 substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the oxygen vacancies inside the TiO2 films can be dramatically reduced by postannealing treatment under an oxygen atmosphere. The decreasing concentration of oxygen vacancies modifies the resistive switching (RS) mechanism from a valence change mode to a electrochemical metallization mode, resulting in a high switching ratio (≥105), a small electronic leakage current in the high-resistance (≥109 Ω) state, and a highly controlled quantized conductance (QC) in the low-resistance state. These results allow for understanding the relationship between different RS mechanisms as well as the QC for multilevel data storage application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
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26
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Yuan F, Zhang Z, Liu C, Zhou F, Yau HM, Lu W, Qiu X, Wong HSP, Dai J, Chai Y. Real-Time Observation of the Electrode-Size-Dependent Evolution Dynamics of the Conducting Filaments in a SiO 2 Layer. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4097-4104. [PMID: 28319363 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conducting bridge random access memory (CBRAM) is one of the most promising candidates for future nonvolatile memories. It is important to understand the scalability and retention of CBRAM cells to realize better memory performance. Here, we directly observe the switching dynamics of Cu tip/SiO2/W cells with various active electrode sizes using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Conducting filaments (CFs) grow from the active electrode (Cu tip) to inert electrode (W) during the SET operations. The size of the Cu tip affects the electric-field distribution, the amount of the cation injection into electrolyte, and the dimension of the CF. This study provides helpful understanding on the relationship between power consumption and retention of CBRAM cells. We also construct a theoretical model to explain the electrode-size-dependent CF growth in SET operations, showing good agreement with our experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Stanford SystemX Alliance, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunru Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feichi Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hei Man Yau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - H-S Philip Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Stanford SystemX Alliance, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jiyan Dai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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27
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Tian B, Nukala P, Hassine MB, Zhao X, Wang X, Shen H, Wang J, Sun S, Lin T, Sun J, Ge J, Huang R, Duan C, Reiss T, Varela M, Dkhil B, Meng X, Chu J. Interfacial memristors in Al–LaNiO3heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled interfacial memristive systems in Al–LaNiO3heterostructures.
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28
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Ma X, Wu X, Wang Y, Dai Y. Schottky barrier and band edge engineering via the interfacial structure and strain for the Pt/TiO2 heterostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:18750-18756. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Schottky barrier of the Pt/TiO2 interface depends strongly on both the interfacial stain and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Xidian University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Xidian University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Xidian University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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29
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Jiang ZY, Zhao ZY. Density functional theory study on the metal–support interaction between a Au9 cluster and an anatase TiO2(001) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22069-22077. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure and electronic structure of three different Au9 isomers loaded on anatase TiO2(001) surface were studied. The adsorption energy of Au9 2D configuration is larger than that of 3D configuration, owing to the stronger interactions with more adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-You Jiang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- P. R. China
| | - Zong-Yan Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- P. R. China
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30
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31
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Tsai MC, Nguyen TT, Akalework NG, Pan CJ, Rick J, Liao YF, Su WN, Hwang BJ. Interplay between Molybdenum Dopant and Oxygen Vacancies in a TiO2 Support Enhances the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Che Tsai
- Nano
Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Trung-Thanh Nguyen
- Nano
Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Nibret Gebeyehu Akalework
- Nano
Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jern Pan
- Nano
Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - John Rick
- Nano
Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fa Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nien Su
- Graduate
Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Joe Hwang
- Nano
Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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32
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Zhang W, Zhao Q, Wang X, Yan X, Han S, Zeng Z. Highly active and stable Au@Cu xO core–shell nanoparticles supported on alumina for carbon monoxide oxidation at low temperature. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Au@CuxO core–shell nanoparticles and Au@CuxO/Al2O3used for CO oxidation at low temperature are prepared. CO conversion on Au@CuxO/Al2O3can reach to 38% at room temperature and the catalytic activity remains unchanged after 108 hours reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xiaoxia Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Sheng Han
- New Energy Material Lab
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- Department of Physics
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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