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Dworzak A, Paciok P, Mahr C, Heggen M, Dosche C, Rosenauer A, Oezaslan M. Tuning the morphology and chemical distribution of Ag atoms in Au rich nanoparticles using electrochemical dealloying. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38683029 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Dealloying of Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles (NPs) strongly differs from the corresponding bulk alloy materials. Here, we have investigated the effects of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic dealloying on structure and distribution of residual Ag atoms for Au rich NPs. Two different sizes of Ag rich alloy NPs, 77 ± 26 nm Ag77Au23 and 12 ± 5 nm Ag86Au14, were prepared. 77 nm Ag77Au23 NPs form a homogeneous alloy, while 12 nm Ag86Au14 NPs show an Ag rich shell-Au rich core arrangement. The two groups of as-prepared NPs were dealloyed either under potentiodynamic (0.2-1.3 VRHE) or potentiostatic (0.9, 1.2, and 1.6 VRHE) conditions in 0.1 M HClO4. For the initial 77 nm Ag77Au23 NPs, both dealloying protocols lead to pore evolution. Interestingly, instead of homogenous Ag distribution, numerous Ag rich regions form and locate near the pores and particle edges. The critical dealloying potential also differs by ∼500 mV depending on the dealloying method. The initial 12 nm Ag86Au14 NPs remain dense and solid, but Ag distribution and thickness of the Au passivation layer vary between both dealloying protocols. When the Au passivation layer is very thin, the residual Ag atoms tend to segregate to the particle surface after dealloying. Due to the size effect, small NPs are less electrochemically stable and show a lower critical dealloying potential. In this systematic study, we demonstrate that the mobility of Au surface atoms and dealloying conditions control the structure and residual Ag distribution within dealloyed NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dworzak
- Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Paul Paciok
- Ernst Ruska-Center, Jülich Research Centre, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph Mahr
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Center, Jülich Research Centre, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carsten Dosche
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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San Gabriel ML, Qiu C, Yu D, Yaguchi T, Howe JY. Simultaneous secondary electron microscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope with applications for in situ studies. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:169-183. [PMID: 38334743 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a powerful characterization tool for a wide range of materials. Over the years, STEMs have been extensively used for in situ studies of structural evolution and dynamic processes. A limited number of STEM instruments are equipped with a secondary electron (SE) detector in addition to the conventional transmitted electron detectors, i.e. the bright-field (BF) and annular dark-field (ADF) detectors. Such instruments are capable of simultaneous BF-STEM, ADF-STEM and SE-STEM imaging. These methods can reveal the 'bulk' information from BF and ADF signals and the surface information from SE signals for materials <200 nm thick. This review first summarizes the field of in situ STEM research, followed by the generation of SE signals, SE-STEM instrumentation and applications of SE-STEM analysis. Combining with various in situ heating, gas reaction and mechanical testing stages based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), we show that simultaneous SE-STEM imaging has found applications in studying the dynamics and transient phenomena of surface reconstructions, exsolution of catalysts, lunar and planetary materials and mechanical properties of 2D thin films. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential advancements in SE-STEM from the perspective of sample-related factors, instrument-related factors and data acquisition and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia L San Gabriel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4,Canada
| | - Chenyue Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4,Canada
| | - Dian Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4,Canada
| | - Toshie Yaguchi
- Electron Microscope Systems Design Department, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 552-53 shinko-cho, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 312-8504, Japan
| | - Jane Y Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4,Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 3E5, Canada
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3
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Zhang X, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li M, Yu H, Li X. Advanced In Situ TEM Microchip with Excellent Temperature Uniformity and High Spatial Resolution. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094470. [PMID: 37177673 PMCID: PMC10181734 DOI: 10.3390/s23094470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a highly effective method for scientific research, providing comprehensive analysis and characterization. However, traditional TEM is limited to observing static material structures at room temperature within a high-vacuum environment. To address this limitation, a microchip was developed for in situ TEM characterization, enabling the real-time study of material structure evolution and chemical process mechanisms. This microchip, based on microelectromechanical System (MEMS) technology, is capable of introducing multi-physics stimulation and can be used in conjunction with TEM to investigate the dynamic changes of matter in gas and high-temperature environments. The microchip design ensures a high-temperature uniformity in the sample observation area, and a system of tests was established to verify its performance. Results show that the temperature uniformity of 10 real-time observation windows with a total area of up to 1130 μm2 exceeded 95%, and the spatial resolution reached the lattice level, even in a flowing atmosphere of 1 bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Wittstock G, Bäumer M, Dononelli W, Klüner T, Lührs L, Mahr C, Moskaleva LV, Oezaslan M, Risse T, Rosenauer A, Staubitz A, Weissmüller J, Wittstock A. Nanoporous Gold: From Structure Evolution to Functional Properties in Catalysis and Electrochemistry. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6716-6792. [PMID: 37133401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous gold (NPG) is characterized by a bicontinuous network of nanometer-sized metallic struts and interconnected pores formed spontaneously by oxidative dissolution of the less noble element from gold alloys. The resulting material exhibits decent catalytic activity for low-temperature, aerobic total as well as partial oxidation reactions, the oxidative coupling of methanol to methyl formate being the prototypical example. This review not only provides a critical discussion of ways to tune the morphology and composition of this material and its implication for catalysis and electrocatalysis, but will also exemplarily review the current mechanistic understanding of the partial oxidation of methanol using information from quantum chemical studies, model studies on single-crystal surfaces, gas phase catalysis, aerobic liquid phase oxidation, and electrocatalysis. In this respect, a particular focus will be on mechanistic aspects not well understood, yet. Apart from the mechanistic aspects of catalysis, best practice examples with respect to material preparation and characterization will be discussed. These can improve the reproducibility of the materials property such as the catalytic activity and selectivity as well as the scope of reactions being identified as the main challenges for a broader application of NPG in target-oriented organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Bäumer
- University of Bremen, Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wilke Dononelli
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Lührs
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, 21703 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mahr
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute of Solid State Physics, Otto Hahn Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lyudmila V Moskaleva
- University of the Free State, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Technical University of Braunschweig Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Franz-Liszt-Strasse 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Risse
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenauer
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute of Solid State Physics, Otto Hahn Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Strasse 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörg Weissmüller
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, 21703 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Mechanics, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Strasse 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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5
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Zhou Y, Li M, Zhang T, Chen Y, Li X, Jia H, Xu P, Li X. Cooperative Characterization of In Situ TEM and Cantilever-TGA to Optimize Calcination Conditions of MnO 2 Nanowire Precursors. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2412-2420. [PMID: 36719107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcination plays a vital role during material preparation. However, the calcination conditions have often been determined empirically or have been based on trial and error. Herein we present a cooperative characterization approach to optimize calcination conditions by gas-cell in situ TEM in collaboration with microcantilever-based thermogravimetric analysis (cantilever-TGA) techniques. The morphological evolution of precursors under atmospheric conditions is observed with in situ TEM, and the right calcination temperature is provided by cantilever-TGA. The proposed approach successfully optimizes the calcination conditions of fragile MnO2 nanowire precursors with multiple valence products. The cantilever-TGA shows that a calcination temperature above 560 °C is required to transform the MnO2 precursor to Mn3O4 under an N2 atmosphere, but the in situ TEM indicates that the nanowire structure is destroyed within only 30 min under calcination conditions. Our method further suggests that heating the precursor at 400 °C using an H2-containing atmosphere can produce Mn3O4 nanowires with good electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
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6
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Hengge E, Ihrenberger J, Steyskal EM, Buzolin R, Luckabauer M, Sommitsch C, Würschum R. Porosity evolution and oxide formation in bulk nanoporous copper dealloyed from a copper-manganese alloy studied by in situ resistometry. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:393-404. [PMID: 36756274 PMCID: PMC9846480 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of bulk nanoporous copper (npCu) from a copper-manganese alloy by electrochemical dealloying and free corrosion as well as the electrochemical behaviour of the dealloyed structures is investigated by in situ resistometry. In comparison to the well-established nanoporous gold (npAu) system, npCu shows strongly suppressed reordering processes in the porous structure (behind the etch front), which can be attributed to pronounced manganese oxide formation. Characteristic variations with the electrolyte concentration and potential applied for dealloying could be observed. Cyclic voltammetry was used to clarify the electrochemical behaviour of npCu. Oxide formation is further investigated by SEM and EDX revealing a hybrid composite of copper and manganese oxide on the surface of a metallic copper skeleton. Platelet-like structures embedded in the porous structure are identified which are rich in manganese oxide after prolonged dealloying. As an outlook, this unique heterogeneous structure with a large surface area and the inherent properties of manganese and copper oxides may offer application potential for the development of electrodes for energy storage and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hengge
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 A-8010 Graz Austria +43 316 873-8481
| | - Jakob Ihrenberger
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 A-8010 Graz Austria +43 316 873-8481
| | - Eva-Maria Steyskal
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 A-8010 Graz Austria +43 316 873-8481
| | - Ricardo Buzolin
- Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming, Graz University of Technology Kopernikusgasse 24 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Design of High-Performance Alloys by Thermomechanical Processing Kopernikusgasse 24 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martin Luckabauer
- Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces and Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 7522NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Christof Sommitsch
- Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming, Graz University of Technology Kopernikusgasse 24 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Roland Würschum
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 A-8010 Graz Austria +43 316 873-8481
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7
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Castilla-Amorós L, Schouwink P, Oveisi E, Okatenko V, Buonsanti R. Tailoring Morphology and Elemental Distribution of Cu-In Nanocrystals via Galvanic Replacement. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18286-18295. [PMID: 36173602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compositional and structural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) provides a superior tunability of their physico-chemical properties, making them attractive for a variety of applications, including sensing and catalysis. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the properties-determining features of bimetallic NCs still remains a challenge, especially when moving away from noble metals. In this work, we explore the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) of In NCs and a copper molecular precursor to obtain Cu-In bimetallic NCs with an unprecedented variety of morphologies and distribution of the two metals. We obtain spherical Cu11In9 intermetallic and patchy phase-segregated Cu-In NCs, as well as dimer-like Cu-Cu11In9 and Cu-In NCs. In particular, we find that segregation of the two metals occurs as the GRR progresses with time or with a higher copper precursor concentration. We discover size-dependent reaction kinetics, with the smaller In NCs undergoing a slower transition across the different Cu-In configurations. We compare the obtained results with the bulk Cu-In phase diagram and, interestingly, find that the bigger In NCs stabilize the bulk-like Cu-Cu11In9 configuration before their complete segregation into Cu-In NCs. Finally, we also prove the utility of the new family of Cu-In NCs as model catalysts to elucidate the impact of the metal elemental distribution on the selectivity of these bimetallics toward the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Generally, we demonstrate that the GRR is a powerful synthetic approach beyond noble metal-containing bimetallic structures, yet that the current knowledge on this reaction is challenged when oxophilic and poorly miscible metal pairs are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Castilla-Amorós
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Emad Oveisi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy (CIME), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Valery Okatenko
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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8
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Hayden S, Chisholm C, Eichmann SL, Grudt R, Frankel GS, Hanna B, Headrick T, Jungjohann KL. Genesis of Nanogalvanic Corrosion Revealed in Pearlitic Steel. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7087-7093. [PMID: 36047707 PMCID: PMC9479139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale, localized corrosion underpins billions of dollars in damage and material costs each year; however, the processes responsible have remained elusive due to the complexity of studying degradative material behavior at nanoscale liquid-solid interfaces. Recent improvements to liquid cell scanning/transmission electron microscopy and associated techniques enable this first look at the nanogalvanic corrosion processes underlying this widespread damage. Nanogalvanic corrosion is observed to initiate at the near-surface ferrite/cementite phase interfaces that typify carbon steel. In minutes, the corrosion front delves deeper into the material, claiming a thin layer of ferrite around all exposed phase boundaries before progressing laterally, converting the ferrite to corrosion product normal to each buried cementite grain. Over the following few minutes, the corrosion product that lines each cementite grain undergoes a volumetric expansion, creating a lateral wedging force that mechanically ejects the cementite grains from their grooves and leaves behind percolation channels into the steel substructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven
C. Hayden
- Aramco
Research Center − Boston, Aramco
Americas, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Claire Chisholm
- Sandia
National Laboratories, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Shannon L. Eichmann
- Aramco
Research Center − Boston, Aramco
Americas, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachael Grudt
- Aramco
Research Center − Boston, Aramco
Americas, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gerald S. Frankel
- Fontana
Corrosion Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Brian Hanna
- Aramco
Research Center − Boston, Aramco
Americas, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tatiana Headrick
- Aramco
Research Center − Boston, Aramco
Americas, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine L. Jungjohann
- Sandia
National Laboratories, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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9
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Gößler M, Hengge E, Bogar M, Albu M, Knez D, Amenitsch H, Würschum R. In Situ Study of Nanoporosity Evolution during Dealloying AgAu and CoPd by Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:4037-4047. [PMID: 35273676 PMCID: PMC8900123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical dealloying has become a standard technique to produce nanoporous network structures of various noble metals, exploiting the selective dissolution of one component from an alloy. While achieving nanoporosity during dealloying has been intensively studied for the prime example of nanoporous Au from a AgAu alloy, dealloying from other noble-metal alloys has been rarely investigated in the scientific literature. Here, we study the evolution of nanoporosity in the electrochemical dealloying process for both CoPd and AgAu alloys using a combination of in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). When comparing dealloying kinetics, we find a more rapid progression of the dealloying front for CoPd and also a considerably slower coarsening of the nanoporous structure for Pd in relation to Au. We argue that our findings are natural consequences of the effectively higher dealloying potential and the higher interatomic binding energy for the CoPd alloy. Our results corroborate the understanding of electrochemical dealloying on the basis of two rate equations for dissolution and surface diffusion and suggest the general applicability of this dealloying mechanism to binary alloys. The present study contributes to the future tailoring of structural size in nanoporous metals for improved chemical surface activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gößler
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Graz University of
Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Hengge
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Graz University of
Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Bogar
- CERIC-ERIC
C/o Elettra Sincrotrone, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mihaela Albu
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Knez
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, Stremayrgasse
9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Würschum
- Institute
of Materials Physics, Graz University of
Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Chae S, Xu Y, Yi R, Lim HS, Velickovic D, Li X, Li Q, Wang C, Zhang JG. A Micrometer-Sized Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Synthesized by Impregnation of Petroleum Pitch in Nanoporous Silicon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103095. [PMID: 34398477 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (Si)/carbon nanocomposites have been extensively explored as a promising anode material for high-energy lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs). However, shrinking of the pores and sintering of Si in the nanoporous structure during fabrication often diminishes the full benefits of nanoporous Si. Herein, a scalable method is reported to preserve the porous Si nanostructure by impregnating petroleum pitch inside of porous Si before high-temperature treatment. The resulting micrometer-sized Si/C composite maintains a desired porosity to accommodate large volume change and high conductivity to facilitate charge transfer. It also forms a stable surface coating that limits the penetration of electrolyte into nanoporous Si and minimizes the side reaction between electrolyte and Si during cycling and storage. A Si-based anode with 80% of pitch-derived carbon/nanoporous Si enables very stable cycling of a Si||Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 (NMC532) battery (80% capacity retention after 450 cycles). It also leads to low swelling in both particle and electrode levels required for the next generation of high-energy LIBs. The process also can be used to preserve the porous structure of other nanoporous materials that need to be treated at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujong Chae
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ran Yi
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Hyung-Seok Lim
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Dusan Velickovic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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11
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Shi F, Peng J, Li F, Qian N, Shan H, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T, Zhang H, Wu J. Design of Highly Durable Core-Shell Catalysts by Controlling Shell Distribution Guided by In-Situ Corrosion Study. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101511. [PMID: 34346100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most degradations in electrocatalysis are caused by corrosion in operation, for example the corrosion of the core in a core-shell electrocatalyst during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, according to the in-situ study on nanoscale corrosion kinetics via liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) in the authors' previous work, they sequentially designed an optimized nanocube with the protection of more layers on the corners by adjusting the Pt atom distribution on corners and terraces. This modified nanocube (MNC) is much more corrosion resistant in the in-situ observation. Furthermore, in the practical electrochemical stability testing, the MNC catalyst also showed the best stability performance with the 0.37% and 9.01% loss in specific and mass activity after 30 000 cycles accelerated durability test (ADT). This work also demonstrates that how an in-situ study can guide the design of desired materials with improved properties and build a bridge between in-situ study and practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiaheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ningkang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Hydrogen Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Hydrogen Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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12
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Liu X, Ronne A, Yu LC, Liu Y, Ge M, Lin CH, Layne B, Halstenberg P, Maltsev DS, Ivanov AS, Antonelli S, Dai S, Lee WK, Mahurin SM, Frenkel AI, Wishart JF, Xiao X, Chen-Wiegart YCK. Formation of three-dimensional bicontinuous structures via molten salt dealloying studied in real-time by in situ synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3441. [PMID: 34108466 PMCID: PMC8190292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional bicontinuous porous materials formed by dealloying contribute significantly to various applications including catalysis, sensor development and energy storage. This work studies a method of molten salt dealloying via real-time in situ synchrotron three-dimensional X-ray nano-tomography. Quantification of morphological parameters determined that long-range diffusion is the rate-determining step for the dealloying process. The subsequent coarsening rate was primarily surface diffusion controlled, with Rayleigh instability leading to ligament pinch-off and creating isolated bubbles in ligaments, while bulk diffusion leads to a slight densification. Chemical environments characterized by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopic imaging show that molten salt dealloying prevents surface oxidation of the metal. In this work, gaining a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the molten salt dealloying process in forming porous structures provides a nontoxic, tunable dealloying technique and has important implications for molten salt corrosion processes, which is one of the major challenges in molten salt reactors and concentrated solar power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Ronne
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Lin-Chieh Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bobby Layne
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Halstenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dmitry S Maltsev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Antonelli
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Wah-Keat Lee
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Shannon M Mahurin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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13
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Sun M, Tian J, Chen Q. The studies on wet chemical etching via in situ liquid cell TEM. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 231:113271. [PMID: 33879369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wet chemical etching is a widely used process to fabricate fascinating nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles with precisely controlled size and shape. Understanding the etching mechanism and kinetic evolution process is crucial for controlling wet chemical etching. The development of in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) enables the study on wet chemical etching with high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, there still lack a detailed literature review on the wet chemical etching studies by in situ LCTEM. In this review, we summarize the studies on wet etching nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanomaterials and nanoribbons by in situ LCTEM, including etching rate, anisotropic etching, morphology evolution process, and etching mechanism. The challenges and opportunities of in situ LCTEM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiamin Tian
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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14
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Jiang Y, Wang L, Meunier M, Mirsaidov U. Formation Pathways of Porous Alloy Nanoparticles through Selective Chemical and Electrochemical Etching. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006953. [PMID: 33719189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous alloy nanomaterials are important for applications in catalysis, sensing, and actuation. Chemical and electrochemical etching are two methods to form porous nanostructures by dealloying bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). However, it is not clear how the NPs evolve during these etching processes. Insight into the morphological and compositional transformations of the NPs during the etching is critical to understanding the nanoscale details of the dealloying process. Here, using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy, the structural evolution of individual AuAg alloy NPs is tracked during both chemical and electrochemical etching of their Ag component. The observations show that the electrochemical etching produces NPs with more uniform pore sizes than the chemical etching and enables tuning the NPs porosity by modulating the electrochemical potential. The results show that at the initial stages of both etching methods, Au-rich passivation layer forms on the surface of the NPs, which is critical in preserving the NP's porous shell as pores form underneath this layer during the etching. These findings describing the selective etching and dealloying of AuAg NPs provide a critical insight needed to control the morphology and composition of porous multimetallic NPs, and paves the way for synthesizing nanomaterials with tailored chemical and physical properties for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jiang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Lu Wang
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3AT, Canada
| | - Michel Meunier
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3AT, Canada
| | - Utkur Mirsaidov
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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15
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Amendola V, Guadagnini A, Agnoli S, Badocco D, Pastore P, Fracasso G, Gerosa M, Vurro F, Busato A, Marzola P. Polymer-coated silver-iron nanoparticles as efficient and biodegradable MRI contrast agents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:332-341. [PMID: 33839358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles allow new and synergistic properties compared to the monometallic equivalents, often leading to unexpected results. Here we present on silver-iron nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol, which exhibit a high transverse relaxivity (316 ± 13 mM-1s-1, > 3 times that of the most common clinical benchmark based on iron oxide), excellent colloidal stability and biocompatibility in vivo. Ag-Fe nanoparticles are obtained through a one-step, low-cost laser-assisted synthesis, which makes surface functionalization with the desired biomolecules very easy. Besides, Ag-Fe nanoparticles show biodegradation over a few months, as indicated by incubation in the physiological environment. This is crucial for nanomaterials removal from the living organism and, in fact, in vivo biodistribution studies evidenced that Ag-Fe nanoparticles tend to be cleared from liver over a period in which the benchmark iron oxide contrast agent persisted. Therefore, the Ag-Fe NPs offer positive prospects for solving the problems of biopersistence, contrast efficiency, difficulties of synthesis and surface functionalization usually encountered in nanoparticulate contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Amendola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy.
| | - Andrea Guadagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | | | - Marco Gerosa
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Federica Vurro
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Alice Busato
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy.
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16
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Wang X, Yao F, Xu P, Li M, Yu H, Li X. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Nanowire Adsorption to SO 2 Revealed by In Situ TEM Technique. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1679-1687. [PMID: 33533628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is revealed based on the real-time sulfurization processes of ZnO nanowires observed via gas-cell in situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM). According to the in situ TEM observations, the ZnO nanowires with a diameter of 100 nm (ZnO-100 nm) gradually transform into a core-shell nanostructure under SO2 atmosphere, and the shell formation kinetics are quantitatively determined. However, only sparse nanoparticles can be observed on the surface of the ZnO-500 nm sample, which implies a weak solid-gas interaction between SO2 and ZnO-500 nm. The QSAR model is verified with heat of adsorption (-ΔH°) and aberration-corrected TEM characterization. With the guidance of the QSAR model, the following adsorbing/sensing applications of ZnO nanomaterials are explored: (i) breakthrough experiment demonstrates the application potential of the ZnO-100 nm sample for SO2 capture/storage; (ii) the ZnO-500 nm sample features good reversibility (RSD = 1.5%, n = 3) for SO2 sensing, and the detection limit reaches 70 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanglan Yao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Ke S, Kan C, Zhu X, Wang C, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhu X, Li Z, Shi D. Synthesis of porous Au–Ag alloy nanorods with tunable plasmonic properties and intrinsic hotspots for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tunability of longitudinal plasmonic bands of P-AuAgNRs is realized to cover a wide range of wavelengths. P-AuAgNRs exhibit numerous internal hotspots which favor highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- P. R. China
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics
| | - Changshun Wang
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- P. R. China
| | - Xiu Wang
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaosheng Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Daning Shi
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics
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18
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Thambi V, Gautam ARS, Khatua S. Core-shell Au@AuAg nano-peanuts for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol: critical role of hollow interior and broken shell structure. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4841-4852. [PMID: 36132891 PMCID: PMC9417259 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic hollow core-shell nanoparticles have gained immense attention, especially as a high-performance catalyst due to their large surface area and increased number of uncoordinated atoms. However, the synthesis of an anisotropic hollow structure with large number of uncoordinated atoms and tailored hole size remains elusive. Herein, we report the synthesis of peanut-like core-shell nanostructures consisting of Au nanorods as the core covered by the AuAg alloy shell. The AuAg shell was formed on the Au nanorod core via co-deposition of Ag and Au atoms without disturbing the Au nanorod core. Then, we controllably and selectively removed Ag atoms from the shell to create "Broken Shell Peanuts" with variable hole size between 8 ± 4 nm and 26 ± 7 nm. Further, we utilized these nanostructures with different hole size as catalysts to reduce 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol where the broken shell peanut nanostructures with a hole size of 26 ± 7 nm were found to be 12 times more efficient than the solid shell peanut structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Thambi
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Abhay Raj Singh Gautam
- Discipline of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Saumyakanti Khatua
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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