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Kumi M, Wang T, Ejeromedoghene O, Wang J, Li P, Huang W. Exploring the Potentials of Chitin and Chitosan-Based Bioinks for 3D-Printing of Flexible Electronics: The Future of Sustainable Bioelectronics. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301341. [PMID: 38403854 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan-based bioink for 3D-printed flexible electronics have tremendous potential for innovation in healthcare, agriculture, the environment, and industry. This biomaterial is suitable for 3D printing because it is highly stretchable, super-flexible, affordable, ultrathin, and lightweight. Owing to its ease of use, on-demand manufacturing, accurate and regulated deposition, and versatility with flexible and soft functional materials, 3D printing has revolutionized free-form construction and end-user customization. This study examined the potential of employing chitin and chitosan-based bioinks to build 3D-printed flexible electronic devices and optimize bioink formulation, printing parameters, and postprocessing processes to improve mechanical and electrical properties. The exploration of 3D-printed chitin and chitosan-based flexible bioelectronics will open new avenues for new flexible materials for numerous industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Kumi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Onome Ejeromedoghene
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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2
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Menge H, Kim MW, Lee S, Park YT. Silicone-Based Multifunctional Thin Films with Improved Triboelectric and Sensing Performances via Chemically Interfacial Modification. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7135-7142. [PMID: 36844545 PMCID: PMC9948220 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) technology has advanced in recent years. However, TENG performance is affected by the screened-out surface charge density owing to the abundant free electrons and physical adhesion at the electrode-tribomaterial interface. Furthermore, the demand for flexible and soft electrodes is higher than that for stiff electrodes for patchable nanogenerators. This study introduces a chemically cross-linked (XL) graphene-based electrode with a silicone elastomer using hydrolyzed 3-aminopropylenetriethoxysilanes. The conductive graphene-based multilayered electrode was successfully assembled on a modified silicone elastomer using a cheap and eco-friendly layer-by-layer assembly method. As a proof-of-concept, the droplet-driven TENG with the chemically XL electrode of silicone elastomer exhibited an output power of approximately 2-fold improvement owing to its higher surface charge density than without XL. This chemically XL electrode of silicone elastomer film demonstrated remarkable stability and resistance to repeated mechanical deformations like bending and stretching. Moreover, due to the chemical XL effects, it was used as a strain sensor to detect subtle motions and exhibited high sensitivity. Thus, this cheap, convenient, and sustainable design approach can provide a platform for future multifunctional wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu
Gebeyehu Menge
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Republic of Korea
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Park
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wu S, Wu S, Zhang X, Feng T, Wu L. Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Bioelectronic Sensing: Recent Advances and Applications in Biomedicine and Food Safety. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:93. [PMID: 36671928 PMCID: PMC9856120 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of efficient bioelectronic interfaces, the communication between biology and electronics has become a great challenge, especially in constructing bioelectronic sensing. As natural polysaccharide biomaterials, chitosan-based hydrogels exhibit the advantages of flexibility, biocompatibility, mechanical tunability, and stimuli sensitivity, and could serve as an excellent interface for bioelectronic sensors. Based on the fabrication approaches, interaction mechanisms, and bioelectronic communication modalities, this review divided chitosan-based hydrogels into four types, including electrode-based hydrogels, conductive materials conjugated hydrogels, ionically conductive hydrogels, and redox-based hydrogels. To introduce the enhanced performance of bioelectronic sensors, as a complementary alternative, the incorporation of nanoparticles and redox species in chitosan-based hydrogels was discussed. In addition, the multifunctional properties of chitosan-based composite hydrogels enable their applications in biomedicine (e.g., smart skin patches, wood healing, disease diagnosis) and food safety (e.g., electrochemical sensing, smart sensing, artificial bioelectronic tongue, fluorescence sensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering). We believe that this review will shed light on the future development of chitosan-based biosensing hydrogels for micro-implantable devices and human-machine interactions, as well as potential applications in medicine, food, agriculture, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Shijing Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Tao Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Long Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Cheng X, Cai J, Xu J, Gong D. High-Performance Strain Sensors Based on Au/Graphene Composite Films with Hierarchical Cracks for Wide Linear-Range Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39230-39239. [PMID: 35988067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable strain sensors based on nanomaterial thin films have aroused extensive interest for the strain perception of smart skins. However, it still remains challenging to have them achieve high sensitivity over wide linear working ranges. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate stretchable strain sensors based on Au/graphene composite films (AGCFs) with hierarchical cracks and demonstrate their superior sensing performances. The polydimethylsiloxane substrates were covered with self-assembled graphene films (SAGFs) and sputtered with Au, and then prestretching was applied to introduce hierarchical cracks. The AGCF strain sensors exhibited high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) ≈ 153) and favorable linearity (R2 ≈ 0.9975) in the wide working range (0-20%) with ultralow overshooting (∼1.7% at 20%), fast response (<42.5 ms), and also excellent cycling stability (1500 cycles). Besides, these patternable sensors could further achieve higher GF (∼320) via pattern designing. The dominant effect of the intermediate wrinkled SAGFs in forming hierarchical cracks was studied, and the linear sensing mechanism of the as-formed fractal microstructures was also revealed in detail. Moreover, the AGCF strain sensors were tested for motion monitoring of the human body and electronic bird. Due to the remarkable versatility, scalable fabrication, and integration capability, these sensors demonstrate great potential to construct smart skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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Zhang R, Qi L, Lian H, Luo J. Direct printing of surface-embedded stretchable graphene patterns with strong adhesion on viscous substrates. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cost-Effective Fabrication of Transparent Strain Sensors via Micro-Scale 3D Printing and Imprinting. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010120. [PMID: 35010071 PMCID: PMC8746503 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of strain sensors with high sensitivity and stretchability is essential for health monitoring, electronic skin, wearable devices, and human-computer interactions. However, sensors that combine high sensitivity and ultra-wide detection generally require complex preparation processes. Here, a novel flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and transparency was proposed by filling a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) solution into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel films fabricated via an electric field-driven (EFD) 3D printing and molding hybrid process. The fabricated flexible strain sensor with embedded MWCNT networks had superior gauge factors of 90, 285, and 1500 at strains of 6.6%, 14%, and 20%, respectively. In addition, the flexible strain sensors with an optical transparency of 84% offered good stability and durability with no significant change in resistance after 8000 stretch-release cycles. Finally, the fabricated flexible strain sensors with embedded MWCNT networks showed good practical performance and could be attached to the skin to monitor various human movements such as wrist flexion, finger flexion, neck flexion, blinking activity, food swallowing, and facial expression recognition. These are good application strategies for wearable devices and health monitoring.
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7
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Karipoth P, Pullanchiyodan A, Christou A, Dahiya R. Graphite-Based Bioinspired Piezoresistive Soft Strain Sensors with Performance Optimized for Low Strain Values. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61610-61619. [PMID: 34910475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the custom-made graphite-based piezoresistive strain sensor with gecko foot-inspired macroscopic features realized using a Velcro tape on Ecoflex substrate. The Velcro-based design provides an inexpensive and easy approach for the development of soft sensors with appreciable improvement in the performance even at low strain values. The sensor demonstrated excellent response (sensitivity of ∼16 500%, gauge factor of ∼3800) for 24% linear strain. The fabricated device showed a high gauge factor (>100) even for very low strain values. The sensor has been extensively characterized with a view to potentially use in soft robotics applications where high performance is needed at lower strain values. It is observed that the piezoresistive behavior of strain sensors is governed by several factors such as the supporting elastic medium, architecture of the strain sensor, material properties, strain rate and deformation sequence, and direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Karipoth
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Abhilash Pullanchiyodan
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Adamos Christou
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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Shen H, Ke H, Feng J, Jiang C, Wei Q, Wang Q. Highly Sensitive and Stretchable c-MWCNTs/PPy Embedded Multidirectional Strain Sensor Based on Double Elastic Fabric for Human Motion Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2333. [PMID: 34578648 PMCID: PMC8467426 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the multi-dimensional complexity of human motions, traditional uniaxial strain sensors lack the accuracy in monitoring dynamic body motions working in different directions, thus multidirectional strain sensors with excellent electromechanical performance are urgently in need. Towards this goal, in this work, a stretchable biaxial strain sensor based on double elastic fabric (DEF) was developed by incorporating carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes(c-MWCNTs) and polypyrrole (PPy) into fabric through simple, scalable soaking and adsorption-oxidizing methods. The fabricated DEF/c-MWCNTs/PPy strain sensor exhibited outstanding anisotropic strain sensing performance, including relatively high sensitivity with the maximum gauge factor (GF) of 5.2, good stretchability of over 80%, fast response time < 100 ms, favorable electromechanical stability, and durability for over 800 stretching-releasing cycles. Moreover, applications of DEF/c-MWCNTs/PPy strain sensor for wearable devices were also reported, which were used for detecting human subtle motions and dynamic large-scale motions. The unconventional applications of DEF/c-MWCNTs/PPy strain sensor were also demonstrated by monitoring complex multi-degrees-of-freedom synovial joint motions of human body, such as neck and shoulder movements, suggesting that such materials showed a great potential to be applied in wearable electronics and personal healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.S.); (J.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Huizhen Ke
- Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Jingdong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.S.); (J.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.S.); (J.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.S.); (J.F.); (Q.W.)
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Shi X, Wu P. A Smart Patch with On-Demand Detachable Adhesion for Bioelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101220. [PMID: 34105250 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A smart ionic skin patch with on-demand detachable adhesion has been developed as human-machine interface for physiological signal monitoring. In spite of the multifunctions demonstrated by existing ionic skin, it is still difficult to distinguish different signals simultaneously. Moreover, the secondary damages to the tissues are often overlooked when the adhesive materials are removing from the wound. Herein, a multifunctional biomimetic hydrogel with temperature, mechanical, electrical, and pH response is developed. This hydrogel is designed by in situ polymerizing of hydrophilic anion monomers in a natural cationic polysaccharide to construct multifunctional biomimetic ionic channel. Due to the reversible physical cross-linked network and thermosensitivity, the mechanical properties, adhesion, and visual effect of the hydrogel can be tuned by changing hydrogen bonding density via phase transition, thus making it an excellent biosafe material for wearable device. The hydrogel is utilized as skin patch intended for monitoring physiological signals stimulated by physical and chemical changes involving pressure, temperature, pH value, and electrocardiograph. Especially, this ionic skin patch can recognize temperature change signals precisely either in broad or extremely narrow temperature range. This smart skin patch can even recognize the pressure and temperature signals in real time and differentiate the signals simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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10
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Song P, Wu J, Wang G, Zhang Y. Effects of crosslinking reaction and extension strain on the electrical properties of silicone rubber/carbon nanofiller composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Ge Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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11
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Cheng B, Wu P. Recycled Iontronic from Discarded Chewed Gum for Personalized Healthcare Monitoring and Intelligent Information Encryption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6731-6738. [PMID: 33522224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the explosive development of smart wearable devices, a serious situation that a large amount of energy waste and environmental pollution caused by electronic discarding needs to be solved urgently. Here, as a throwaway waste material, a chewed gum can be reused for the preparation of wearable iontronics simply. A new gum sensor was constructed by regularly stretching a chewed gum in 6 M NaCl aqueous or even a Chinese edible salt solution for increasing the ionic conductivity. This gum sensor can be shaped arbitrarily, and the preparation process is green, pollution-free, with low energy consumption, and repeatable. Herein, this gum sensor can be utilized for real-time human healthcare monitoring effectively (i.e., facial mood changes, finger flexion, long time walking, and continuous ankle movement) and shows a fast response time of 297 ms and a reliable cycling performance in monitoring body motions. Furthermore, the gum sensor (containing edible salt) can act as a signal transmitter for intelligent information encryption and transmission in the light of the international Morse code with excellent repeatability and stability. Hence, this work will greatly possess wide potential application prospects in wearable electronics and information encryption. This gum sensor also provides a ponderable option in the next generation of artificial intelligence devices, which can address the troubles of material selections in sensor preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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12
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Huang Y, Tao LQ, Yu J, Wang Z, Zhu C, Chen X. Integrated Sensing and Warning Multifunctional Devices Based on the Combined Mechanical and Thermal Effect of Porous Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53049-53057. [PMID: 33170628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices with integrated alarm functions play a vital role in daily life and can help people prevent potential hazards. Although many wearable sensors have been extensively studied and proposed to monitor various physiological signals, most of them are needed to integrate with the external alarm elements to realize warning, such as light-emitting diodes and buzzers, resulting in the system complexity and poor flexibility. In this paper, an integrated sensing and warning multifunctional device based on the mechanical and thermal effect of porous graphene is proposed on a bilayer asymmetrical pattern of laser-induced graphene (LIG). Compared with the strain sensor with nonpatterned LIG, the mechanical performance is greatly improved with the highest gauge factor value of up to 950 for the strain sensor with mesh-patterned LIG. On the contrary, the heating performance of the heater with nonpatterned LIG is better than that with mesh-patterned LIG. Combining the performance differences of different LIG patterns, the integrated wearable device with a bilayer asymmetrical LIG pattern is demonstrated. It can generate enough heating energy to warn the person when the detected signal meets the threshold condition measured in real time by the ultrasensitive strain sensor. This work will provide a new way to construct an integrated wearable device for realizing multifunctional applications. This integrated multifunctional device shows great potential toward the applications in healthcare monitoring and timely warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexiong Huang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lu-Qi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiabing Yu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Congcong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xianping Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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13
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Dinh T, Nguyen T, Phan HP, Nguyen TK, Dau VT, Nguyen NT, Dao DV. Advances in Rational Design and Materials of High-Performance Stretchable Electromechanical Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905707. [PMID: 32101372 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable and wearable sensor technology has attracted significant interests and created high technological impact on portable healthcare and smart human-machine interfaces. Wearable electromechanical systems are an important part of this technology that has recently witnessed tremendous progress toward high-performance devices for commercialization. Over the past few years, great attention has been paid to simultaneously enhance the sensitivity and stretchability of the electromechanical sensors toward high sensitivity, ultra-stretchability, low power consumption or self-power functionalities, miniaturisation as well as simplicity in design and fabrication. This work presents state-of-the-art advanced materials and rational designs of electromechanical sensors for wearable applications. Advances in various sensing concepts and structural designs for intrinsic stretchable conductive materials as well as advanced rational platforms are discussed. In addition, the practical applications and challenges in the development of stretchable electromechanical sensors are briefly mentioned and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Dinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, 4300, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tuan-Khoa Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Van Thanh Dau
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4125, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, 4300, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Wang J, Liu B. Electronic and optoelectronic applications of solution-processed two-dimensional materials. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:992-1009. [PMID: 31692852 PMCID: PMC6818124 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1669220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of graphene in 2004 has initiated much interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials. With decades of development, solution processing of 2D materials has becoming very promising due to its large-scale production capability, and it is therefore necessary to examine progress on solution-processed 2D materials and their applications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the assembly of solution-processed 2D materials into thin films and the use of them for electronics and optoelectronics. We first present an overview about typical approaches to assemble solution-processed 2D materials into desired structures, including layer-by-layer assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett assembly, spin coating, electrophoretic deposition, inkjet printing, and vacuum filtration. Then, electronic and optoelectronic applications of such assembly films are presented, such as thin-film transistors, transparent conductive films, mechanical and chemical sensors, photodetectors and optoelectronic devices, as well as flexible and printed electronics. Finally, our perspectives on challenges and future opportunities in this important field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Bilu Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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Huang H, Su S, Wu N, Wan H, Wan S, Bi H, Sun L. Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring. Front Chem 2019; 7:399. [PMID: 31245352 PMCID: PMC6580932 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the desire for real-time human health monitoring as well as seamless human-machine interaction is increasing rapidly, plenty of research efforts have been made to investigate wearable sensors and implantable devices in recent years. As a novel 2D material, graphene has aroused a boom in the field of sensor research around the world due to its advantages in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Numerous graphene-based sensors used for human health monitoring have been reported, including wearable sensors, as well as implantable devices, which can realize the real-time measurement of body temperature, heart rate, pulse oxygenation, respiration rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, electrocardiogram signal, electromyogram signal, and electroencephalograph signal, etc. Herein, as a review of the latest graphene-based sensors for health monitoring, their novel structures, sensing mechanisms, technological innovations, components for sensor systems and potential challenges will be discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Huang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi Su
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Nan Wu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Wan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengchang Bi
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Southeast University, Changzhou, China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou, China
- Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Southeast University, Changzhou, China
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16
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Zang S, Wang Q, Wan J, Huang X, Ren X. A flexible and skin-mountable elastic fiber-based sensor patch for healthcare monitoring. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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A Multifunctional Wearable Device with a Graphene/Silver Nanowire Nanocomposite for Highly Sensitive Strain Sensing and Drug Delivery. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in wearable, highly sensitive and multifunctional strain sensors open up new opportunities for the development of wearable human interface devices for various applications such as health monitoring, smart robotics and wearable therapy. Herein, we present a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate a multifunctional strain sensor consisting of a skin-mountable dry adhesive substrate, a robust sensing component and a transdermal drug delivery system. The sensor has high piezoresisitivity to monitor real-time signals from finger bending to ulnar pulse. A transdermal drug delivery system consisting of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles and a chitosan matrix is integrated into the sensor and is able to release the nanoparticles into the stratum corneum at a depth of ~60 µm. Our approach to the design of multifunctional strain sensors will lead to the development of cost-effective and well-integrated multifunctional wearable devices.
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18
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Yee MJ, Mubarak N, Abdullah E, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Karri RR, Nizamuddin S, Numan A. Carbon nanomaterials based films for strain sensing application—A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Ma J, Wang P, Chen H, Bao S, Chen W, Lu H. Highly Sensitive and Large-Range Strain Sensor with a Self-Compensated Two-Order Structure for Human Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8527-8536. [PMID: 30730127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Constructing flexible, high-sensitivity strain sensors with large working ranges is an urgent task in view of their widespread applications, including human health monitoring. Herein, we propose a self-compensated two-order structure strategy to significantly enhance the sensitivity and workable range of strain sensors. Three-dimensional printing was employed to construct highly stretchable, conductive polymer composite open meshes, in which the percolation network of graphene sheets constitutes a deformable conductive path. Meanwhile, the graphene layer coated on the open mesh provides an additional conductive path that can compensate spontaneously for the conductivity loss of the percolation network at large strains, through new conductive paths formed by the graphene sheets in the coating layer and the inner networks. At strains lower than 20%, the sliding and disconnection of graphene sheets coated on the mesh surface largely enhance the sensitivity of the sensor, a 20 times increase as opposed to that of the non-two-order structure sensor. The resulting sensor reveals high gauge factors (from 18.5 to 88 443) in a strain range of 0-350% and the exceptional capability to monitor a wide range of human motions, from the subtle pulse, acoustic vibration to breathing and arm bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Industrial Design , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB , The Netherlands
| | - Shenjie Bao
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology , Fudan University , 220 Han Dan Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology , Fudan University , 220 Han Dan Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
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20
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Jayathilaka WADM, Qi K, Qin Y, Chinnappan A, Serrano-García W, Baskar C, Wang H, He J, Cui S, Thomas SW, Ramakrishna S. Significance of Nanomaterials in Wearables: A Review on Wearable Actuators and Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805921. [PMID: 30589117 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Together with the evolution of digital health care, the wearable electronics field has evolved rapidly during the past few years and is expected to be expanded even further within the first few years of the next decade. As the next stage of wearables is predicted to move toward integrated wearables, nanomaterials and nanocomposites are in the spotlight of the search for novel concepts for integration. In addition, the conversion of current devices and attachment-based wearables into integrated technology may involve a significant size reduction while retaining their functional capabilities. Nanomaterial-based wearable sensors have already marked their presence with a significant distinction while nanomaterial-based wearable actuators are still at their embryonic stage. This review looks into the contribution of nanomaterials and nanocomposites to wearable technology with a focus on wearable sensors and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Qi
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanli Qin
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Photovoltaic Technology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - William Serrano-García
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Advanced Materials Bio & Integration Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida - Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Chinnappan Baskar
- THDC Institute of Hydropower Engineering and Technology Tehri, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Textile and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile and Garment Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Shizhong Cui
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Sylvia W Thomas
- Advanced Materials Bio & Integration Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida - Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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21
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Ray TR, Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Krishnan S, Gutruf P, Tian L, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5461-5533. [PMID: 30689360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bio-integrated wearable systems can measure a broad range of biophysical, biochemical, and environmental signals to provide critical insights into overall health status and to quantify human performance. Recent advances in material science, chemical analysis techniques, device designs, and assembly methods form the foundations for a uniquely differentiated type of wearable technology, characterized by noninvasive, intimate integration with the soft, curved, time-dynamic surfaces of the body. This review summarizes the latest advances in this emerging field of "bio-integrated" technologies in a comprehensive manner that connects fundamental developments in chemistry, material science, and engineering with sensing technologies that have the potential for widespread deployment and societal benefit in human health care. An introduction to the chemistries and materials for the active components of these systems contextualizes essential design considerations for sensors and associated platforms that appear in following sections. The subsequent content highlights the most advanced biosensors, classified according to their ability to capture biophysical, biochemical, and environmental information. Additional sections feature schemes for electrically powering these sensors and strategies for achieving fully integrated, wireless systems. The review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges and a summary of opportunities where advances in materials chemistry will be critically important for continued progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Jungil Choi
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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22
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Manipulation of p-/ n-Type Thermoelectric Thin Films through a Layer-by-Layer Assembled Carbonaceous Multilayer Structure. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9120628. [PMID: 30486501 PMCID: PMC6315760 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, with the miniaturization of electronic devices, problems with regard to the size and capacity of batteries have arisen. Energy harvesting is receiving significant attention to solve these problems. In particular, the thermoelectric generator (TEG) is being studied for its ability to harvest waste heat energy. However, studies on organic TEGs conducted thus far have mostly used conductive polymers, making the application range of TEGs relatively narrow. In this study, we fabricated organic TEGs using carbonaceous nanomaterials (i.e., graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)) with polyelectrolytes (i.e., poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly (diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA)) via layer-by-layer (LbL) coating on polymeric substrates. The thermoelectric performance of the carbonaceous multilayer structure was measured, and it was confirmed that the thermoelectric performance of the TEG in this study was not significantly different from that of the existing organic TEG fabricated using the conductive polymers. The 10 bilayer SWNT thin films with polyelectrolyte exhibited a thermopower of -14 μV·K-1 and a power factor of 25 μW·m-1K-2. Moreover, by simply changing the electrolyte, p- or n-type TEGs could be easily fabricated with carbonaceous nanomaterials via the LbL process. Also, by just changing the electrolyte, p- or n-type of TEGs could be easily fabricated with carbonaceous nanomaterials with a layer-by-layer process.
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Kim J, Lee SW, Kim MH, Park OO. Zigzag-Shaped Silver Nanoplates: Synthesis via Ostwald Ripening and Their Application in Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39134-39143. [PMID: 30346121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zigzag-shaped Ag nanoplates display unique anisotropic planar structures with unusual jagged edges and relatively large lateral dimensions. These characteristics make such nanoplates promising candidates for metal inks in printed electronics, which can be used for realizing stretchable electrodes. In the current work, we used a one-pot coordination-based synthetic strategy to synthesize zigzag-shaped Ag nanoplates. In the synthetic procedure, cyanuric acid was used both as a ligand of the Ag+ ion, hence producing complex structures and controlling the kinetics of the reduction of the cation, and as a capping agent that promoted the lateral growth of the Ag nanoplates. Hence, cyanuric acid played a crucial role in the formation of zigzag-shaped nanoplates. In contrast to previous studies that reported oriented attachment to be the predominant mechanism responsible for the growth of zigzag-shaped nanoplates, Ostwald ripening was the dominant growth mechanism in the current work. Our findings on the particle morphology and crystalline structure of the Ag nanoplates motivated us to use them as conductive materials for stretchable strain sensors. Strain sensors based on nanocomposites of our zigzag-shaped Ag nanoplate and polydimethylsiloxane in the form of a sandwich structure were successfully produced by following a simple, low-cost, and solution-processable method. The strain sensors exhibited extremely high sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 2000), high stretchability with a linear response (≈27%), and high reliability, all of which allowed the sensor to monitor diverse human motions, including joint movement and phonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK 21+ Graduate Program) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ho Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
| | - O Ok Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK 21+ Graduate Program) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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Liu C, Han S, Xu H, Wu J, Liu C. Multifunctional Highly Sensitive Multiscale Stretchable Strain Sensor Based on a Graphene/Glycerol-KCl Synergistic Conductive Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31716-31724. [PMID: 30148343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable strain sensors have promising applications in health monitoring and human motion detection. However, only a few of the strain sensors reported to date have exhibited a multiscale strain range and a high gauge factor simultaneously. As such, most strain sensors cannot be used in applications that require both high sensitivity and a multiscale strain range. In this work, we develop a wearable multifunctional strain sensor using graphene and a new ionic conductor as the sensing material and Ecoflex as the encapsulant. In the ionic conductor, KCl and glycerol are used as the electrolyte and solvent, respectively. This deformable ionic conductor connects cracked graphene sheets electronically, enabling the strain sensor to be stretched to 300% of its original length with a moderate gauge factor of 25.2. The sensor can respond to various mechanical deformations including stretching, bending, and pressing. When attached to human body, the sensor can monitor large-scale strains (>50%) for joint movement and small-scale strains (<10%) for facial expressions and pulses. When stretched, the sensor also shows good sensitivity in static temperature sensing. Therefore, this multifunctional stretchable sensor has good prospect of applications in human motion detection and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Songjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Huihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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25
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Graphene Nanoplatelets-Based Advanced Materials and Recent Progress in Sustainable Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is the first 2D crystal ever isolated by mankind. It consists of a single graphite layer, and its exceptional properties are revolutionizing material science. However, there is still a lack of convenient mass-production methods to obtain defect-free monolayer graphene. In contrast, graphene nanoplatelets, hybrids between graphene and graphite, are already industrially available. Such nanomaterials are attractive, considering their planar structure, light weight, high aspect ratio, electrical conductivity, low cost, and mechanical toughness. These diverse features enable applications ranging from energy harvesting and electronic skin to reinforced plastic materials. This review presents progress in composite materials with graphene nanoplatelets applied, among others, in the field of flexible electronics and motion and structural sensing. Particular emphasis is given to applications such as antennas, flexible electrodes for energy devices, and strain sensors. A separate discussion is included on advanced biodegradable materials reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets. A discussion of the necessary steps for the further spread of graphene nanoplatelets is provided for each revised field.
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26
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Lu Y, Biswas MC, Guo Z, Jeon JW, Wujcik EK. Recent developments in bio-monitoring via advanced polymer nanocomposite-based wearable strain sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 123:167-177. [PMID: 30174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent years, an explosive growth of wearable technology has been witnessed. A highly stretchable and sensitive wearable strain sensor which can monitor motions is in great demand in various fields such as healthcare, robotic systems, prosthetics, visual realities, professional sports, entertainments, etc. An ideal strain sensor should be highly stretchable, sensitive, and robust enough for long-term use without degradation in performance. This review focuses on recent advances in polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensors. With the merits of highly stretchable polymeric matrix and excellent electrical conductivity of nanomaterials, polymer nanocomposite based strain sensors are successfully developed with superior performance. Unlike conventional strain gauge, new sensing mechanisms include disconnection, crack propagation, and tunneling effects leading to drastically resistance change play an important role. A rational choice of materials selection and structure design are required to achieve high sensitivity and stretchability. Lastly, prospects and challenges are discussed for future polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensor and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Materials Engineering and Nanosensor [MEAN] Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Manik Chandra Biswas
- Jeon Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- Jeon Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Evan K Wujcik
- Materials Engineering and Nanosensor [MEAN] Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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Tang Z, Jia S, Wang F, Bian C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li B. Highly Stretchable Core-Sheath Fibers via Wet-Spinning for Wearable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6624-6635. [PMID: 29384359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight, stretchable, and wearable strain sensors have recently been widely studied for the development of health monitoring systems, human-machine interfaces, and wearable devices. Herein, highly stretchable polymer elastomer-wrapped carbon nanocomposite piezoresistive core-sheath fibers are successfully prepared using a facile and scalable one-step coaxial wet-spinning assembly approach. The carbon nanotube-polymeric composite core of the stretchable fiber is surrounded by an insulating sheath, similar to conventional cables, and shows excellent electrical conductivity with a low percolation threshold (0.74 vol %). The core-sheath elastic fibers are used as wearable strain sensors, exhibiting ultra-high stretchability (above 300%), excellent stability (>10 000 cycles), fast response, low hysteresis, and good washability. Furthermore, the piezoresistive core-sheath fiber possesses bending-insensitiveness and negligible torsion-sensitive properties, and the strain sensing performance of piezoresistive fibers maintains a high degree of stability under harsh conditions. On the basis of this high level of performance, the fiber-shaped strain sensor can accurately detect both subtle and large-scale human movements by embedding it in gloves and garments or by directly attaching it to the skin. The current results indicate that the proposed stretchable strain sensor has many potential applications in health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, soft robotics, and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shuhai Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Bian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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28
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Nie B, Li X, Shao J, Li X, Tian H, Wang D, Zhang Q, Lu B. Flexible and Transparent Strain Sensors with Embedded Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Meshes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40681-40689. [PMID: 29099588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strain sensors combining high sensitivity with good transparency and flexibility would be of great usefulness in smart wearable/flexible electronics. However, the fabrication of such strain sensors is still challenging. In this study, new strain sensors with embedded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) meshes in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films were designed and tested. The strain sensors showed elevated optical transparency of up to 87% and high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 1140 at a small strain of 8.75%. The gauge factors of the sensors were also found relatively stable since they did not obviously change after 2000 stretching/releasing cycles. The sensors were tested to detect motion in the human body, such as wrist bending, eye blinking, mouth phonation, and pulse, and the results were shown to be satisfactory. Furthermore, the fabrication of the strain sensor consisting of mechanically blading MWCNTs aqueous dispersions into microtrenches of prestructured PDMS films was straightforward, was low cost, and resulted in high yield. All these features testify to the great potential of these sensors in future real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbang Nie
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Duorui Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Bingheng Lu
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Singh E, Meyyappan M, Nalwa HS. Flexible Graphene-Based Wearable Gas and Chemical Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34544-34586. [PMID: 28876901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics is expected to be one of the most active research areas in the next decade; therefore, nanomaterials possessing high carrier mobility, optical transparency, mechanical robustness and flexibility, lightweight, and environmental stability will be in immense demand. Graphene is one of the nanomaterials that fulfill all these requirements, along with other inherently unique properties and convenience to fabricate into different morphological nanostructures, from atomically thin single layers to nanoribbons. Graphene-based materials have also been investigated in sensor technologies, from chemical sensing to detection of cancer biomarkers. The progress of graphene-based flexible gas and chemical sensors in terms of material preparation, sensor fabrication, and their performance are reviewed here. The article provides a brief introduction to graphene-based materials and their potential applications in flexible and stretchable wearable electronic devices. The role of graphene in fabricating flexible gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and humidity in wearable technology, is discussed. In addition, applications of graphene-based materials are also summarized in detecting toxic heavy metal ions (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Ag), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including nitrobenzene, toluene, acetone, formaldehyde, amines, phenols, bisphenol A (BPA), explosives, chemical warfare agents, and environmental pollutants. The sensitivity, selectivity and strategies for excluding interferents are also discussed for graphene-based gas and chemical sensors. The challenges for developing future generation of flexible and stretchable sensors for wearable technology that would be usable for the Internet of Things (IoT) are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - M Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Hari Singh Nalwa
- Advanced Technology Research , 26650 The Old Road, Valencia, California 91381, United States
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30
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Zhu P, Zhao T, Liang X, Sun R, Wong CP. Enhanced oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity copper nanowires–graphene hybrid films for flexible strain sensors. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity copper nanowires–graphene hybrid films were fabricated and which exhibited high sensitivity as flexible strain sensors to monitor human motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute
| | - Yougen Hu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Xianwen Liang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Ching-ping Wong
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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