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Liu H, Zhao J, Ly TH. Clean Transfer of Two-Dimensional Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11573-11597. [PMID: 38655635 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The growth of two-dimensional (2D) materials through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has sparked a growing interest among both the industrial and academic communities. The interest stems from several key advantages associated with CVD, including high yield, high quality, and high tunability. In order to harness the application potentials of 2D materials, it is often necessary to transfer them from their growth substrates to their desired target substrates. However, conventional transfer methods introduce contamination that can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred 2D materials, thus limiting their overall application performance. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current clean transfer methods for 2D materials with a specific focus on the understanding of interaction between supporting layers and 2D materials. The review encompasses various aspects, including clean transfer methods, post-transfer cleaning techniques, and cleanliness assessment. Furthermore, it analyzes and compares the advances and limitations of these clean transfer techniques. Finally, the review highlights the primary challenges associated with current clean transfer methods and provides an outlook on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Ahn HM, Park JO, Lee HJ, Lee C, Chun H, Kim KB. SERS detection of surface-adsorbent toxic substances of microplastics based on gold nanoparticles and surface acoustic waves. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2061-2069. [PMID: 38196907 PMCID: PMC10774860 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics adsorb toxic substances and act as a transport medium. When microplastics adsorbed with toxic substances accumulate in the body, the microplastics and the adsorbed toxic substances can cause serious diseases, such as cancer. This work aimed to develop a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection method for surface-adsorbent toxic substances by forming gold nanogaps on microplastics using surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Polystyrene microparticles (PSMPs; 1 μm) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including pyrene, anthracene, and fluorene, were selected as microplastics and toxic substances, respectively. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs; 50 nm) were used as a SERS agent. The Raman characteristic peaks of the PAHs adsorbed on the surface of PSMPs were detected, and the SERS intensity and logarithm of the concentrations of pyrene, anthracene, and fluorene showed a linear relationship (R2 = 0.98), and the limits of detection were 95, 168, and 195 nM, respectively. Each PAH was detected on the surface of PSMPs, which were adsorbed with toxic substances in a mixture of three PAHs, indicating that the technique can be used to elucidate mixtures of toxic substances. The proposed SERS detection method based on SAWs could sense toxic substances that were surface-adsorbed on microplastics and can be utilized to monitor or track pollutants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Min Ahn
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu Cheonan 31056 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Oh Park
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu Cheonan 31056 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jun Lee
- Smart Manufacturing System R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu Cheonan 31056 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheonkyu Lee
- Carbon Neutral Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu Cheonan 31056 Republic of Korea
| | - Honggu Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bok Kim
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu Cheonan 31056 Republic of Korea
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Park JO, Choi Y, Ahn HM, Lee CK, Chun H, Park YM, Kim KB. Aggregation of Ag nanoparticle based on surface acoustic wave for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of dopamine. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342036. [PMID: 38057052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine (DA), a vital neurotransmitter, plays a critical role in the human brain and relates to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Numerous studies have explored detection of such biomarkers through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). However, most of the studies focused on SERS detection face significant challenges with plasmonic nanostructure development. Such challenges often include time-consuming processes, complex fabrication, specialized chemical labeling, poor reproducibility, and random hotspot generation. Therefore, the need for simple and rapid nanostructure development is evident in SERS. RESULTS We propose an innovative SERS-active sensing technique for 50 nm silver nanoparticle (AgNP) clustering based on surface acoustic wave (SAW). When a 1 μL droplet of AgNP colloid is dispensed onto the SAW-propagation zone, the AgNP cluster is deposited after the droplet completely evaporates, developing plasmonic nanogaps for SERS hotspot caused by spherical AgNP aggregation. By optimizing the SAW system through the hydrophobic treatment and modulation of the operational power, the SAW-induced AgNP clustering showed densely packed AgNP within a dot-like configuration (∼2200 AgNP μm-2), effectively preventing particle welding. The characterization of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a probe analyte revealed that concentrations as low as 1.14 pM was detected using our SAW-SERS system under 785 nm laser excitation. Moreover, DA was detected up to 4.28 nM with a determination of 0.99 (R2). SIGNIFICANCE This technique for AgNP clustering induced by SAW provides a rapid, in situ, label-free SERS sensing method with outstanding sensitivity and linearity. A mere act of dropping can create extensive plasmonic hotspots featuring nanogap of ∼1.5 nm. The SAW-induced AgNP clustering can serve as an ultrasensitive SERS-active substrate for diverse molecular detections, including neurotransmitter detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Oh Park
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongheum Choi
- Heat and Surface Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 156, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Ahn
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ki Lee
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggu Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Heat and Surface Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 156, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Bok Kim
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89, Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea.
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Dong W, Dai Z, Liu L, Zhang Z. Toward Clean 2D Materials and Devices: Recent Progress in Transfer and Cleaning Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2303014. [PMID: 38049925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have tremendous potential to revolutionize the field of electronics and photonics. Unlocking such potential, however, is hampered by the presence of contaminants that usually impede the performance of 2D materials in devices. This perspective provides an overview of recent efforts to develop clean 2D materials and devices. It begins by discussing conventional and recently developed wet and dry transfer techniques and their effectiveness in maintaining material "cleanliness". Multi-scale methodologies for assessing the cleanliness of 2D material surfaces and interfaces are then reviewed. Finally, recent advances in passive and active cleaning strategies are presented, including the unique self-cleaning mechanism, thermal annealing, and mechanical treatment that rely on self-cleaning in essence. The crucial role of interface wetting in these methods is emphasized, and it is hoped that this understanding can inspire further extension and innovation of efficient transfer and cleaning of 2D materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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Tanjil MRE, Gupta T, Gole MT, Suero KP, Yin Z, McCleeary DJ, Douglas ORT, Kincanon MM, Rudawski NG, Anderson AB, Murphy CJ, Zhao H, Wang MC. Nanoscale goldbeating: Solid-state transformation of 0D and 1D gold nanoparticles to anisotropic 2D morphologies. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad267. [PMID: 37621403 PMCID: PMC10446819 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Goldbeating is the ancient craft of thinning bulk gold (Au) into gossamer leaves. Pioneered by ancient Egyptian craftsmen, modern mechanized iterations of this technique can fabricate sheets as thin as ∼100 nm. We take inspiration from this millennia-old craft and adapt it to the nanoscale regime, using colloidally synthesized 0D/1D Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) as highly ductile and malleable nanoscopic Au ingots and subjecting them to solid-state, uniaxial compression. The applied stress induces anisotropic morphological transformation of AuNPs into 2D leaf form and elucidates insights into metal nanocrystal deformation at the extreme length scales. The induced 2D morphology is found to be dependent on the precursor 0D/1D NP morphology, size (0D nanosphere diameter and 1D nanorod diameter and length), and their on-substrate arrangement (e.g., interparticle separation and packing order) prior to compression. Overall, this versatile and generalizable solid-state compression technique enables new pathways to synthesize and investigate the anisotropic morphological transformation of arbitrary NPs and their resultant emergent phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rubayat-E Tanjil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Tanuj Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA
| | - Matthew T Gole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Keegan P Suero
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Zhewen Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Donald J McCleeary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ossie R T Douglas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Maegen M Kincanon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nicholas G Rudawski
- Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering Research Service Centers, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alissa B Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA
| | - Michael Cai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Nuroldayeva G, Balanay MP. Flexing the Spectrum: Advancements and Prospects of Flexible Electrochromic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2924. [PMID: 37447568 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The application potential of flexible electrochromic materials for wearable devices, smart textiles, flexible displays, electronic paper, and implantable biomedical devices is enormous. These materials offer the advantages of conformability and mechanical robustness, making them highly desirable for these applications. In this review, we comprehensively examine the field of flexible electrochromic materials, covering topics such as synthesis methods, structure design, electrochromic mechanisms, and current applications. We also address the challenges associated with achieving flexibility in electrochromic materials and discuss strategies to overcome them. By shedding light on these challenges and proposing solutions, we aim to advance the development of flexible electrochromic materials. We also highlight recent advances in the field and present promising directions for future research. We intend to stimulate further innovation and development in this rapidly evolving field and encourage researchers to explore new opportunities and applications for flexible electrochromic materials. Through this review, readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, design, mechanisms, and applications of flexible electrochromic materials. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals looking to harness the potential of these materials for various technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzat Nuroldayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Batteries LLC, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mannix P Balanay
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Wang S, Liu X, Zhou P. The Road for 2D Semiconductors in the Silicon Age. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106886. [PMID: 34741478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Continued reduction in transistor size can improve the performance of silicon integrated circuits (ICs). However, as Moore's law approaches physical limits, high-performance growth in silicon ICs becomes unsustainable, due to challenges of scaling, energy efficiency, and memory limitations. The ultrathin layers, diverse band structures, unique electronic properties, and silicon-compatible processes of 2D materials create the potential to consistently drive advanced performance in ICs. Here, the potential of fusing 2D materials with silicon ICs to minimize the challenges in silicon ICs, and to create technologies beyond the von Neumann architecture, is presented, and the killer applications for 2D materials in logic and memory devices to ease scaling, energy efficiency bottlenecks, and memory dilemmas encountered in silicon ICs are discussed. The fusion of 2D materials allows the creation of all-in-one perception, memory, and computation technologies beyond the von Neumann architecture to enhance system efficiency and remove computing power bottlenecks. Progress on the 2D ICs demonstration is summarized, as well as the technical hurdles it faces in terms of wafer-scale heterostructure growth, transfer, and compatible integration with silicon ICs. Finally, the promising pathways and obstacles to the technological advances in ICs due to the integration of 2D materials with silicon are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiyuan Wang
- ASIC & System State Key Lab, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoxian Liu
- ASIC & System State Key Lab, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- ASIC & System State Key Lab, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Bishnoi B, Buerkle M, Nakamura H. Multi-scale electronics transport properties in non-ideal CVD graphene sheet. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11214. [PMID: 35780171 PMCID: PMC9250536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we benchmark non-idealities and variations in the two-dimensional graphene sheet. We have simulated more than two hundred graphene-based devices structure. We have simulated distorted graphene sheets and have included random, inhomogeneous, asymmetric out-of-plane surface corrugation and in-plane deformation corrugation in the sheet through autocorrelation function in the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) framework to introduce random distortion in flat graphene. These corrugation effects inevitably appear in the graphene sheet due to background substrate roughness or the passivation encapsulation material morphology in the transfer step. We have examined the variation in density of state, propagating density of transmission modes, electronic band structure, electronic density, and hole density in those device structures. We have observed that the surface corrugation increases the electronic and hole density distribution variation across the device and creates electron-hole charge puddles in the sheet. This redistribution of microscopic charge in the sheet is due to the lattice fields' quantum fluctuation and symmetry breaking. Furthermore, to understand the impact of scattered charge distribution on the sheet, we simulated various impurity effects within the NEGF framework. The study's objective is to numerically simulate and benchmark numerous device design morphology with different background materials compositions to elucidate the electrical property of the sheet device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Bishnoi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Marius Buerkle
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisao Nakamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
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Wu Y, Ye H, You C, Zhou W, Chen J, Xiao W, Garba ZN, Wang L, Yuan Z. Construction of functionalized graphene separation membranes and their latest progress in water purification. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Gao Y, Chen J, Chen G, Fan C, Liu X. Recent Progress in the Transfer of Graphene Films and Nanostructures. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100771. [PMID: 34928026 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The one-atom-thick graphene has excellent electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Currently, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene has received a great deal of attention because it provides access to large-area and uniform films with high-quality. This allows the fabrication of graphene based-electronics, sensors, photonics, and optoelectronics for practical applications. Zero bandgap, however, limits the application of a graphene film as electronic transistor. The most commonly used bottom-up approaches have achieved efficient tuning of the electronic bandgap by customizing well-defined graphene nanostructures. The postgrowth transfer of graphene films/nanostructures to a certain substrate is crucial in utilizing graphene in applicable devices. In this review, the basic growth mechanism of CVD graphene is first introduced. Then, recent advances in various transfer methods of as-grown graphene to target substrates are presented. The fabrication and transfer methods of graphene nanostructures are also provided, and then the transfer-related applications are summarized. At last, the challenging issues and the potential transfer-free approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jielin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guorui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Liu C, Guo J, Yu L, Li J, Zhang M, Li H, Shi Y, Dai D. Silicon/2D-material photodetectors: from near-infrared to mid-infrared. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:123. [PMID: 34108443 PMCID: PMC8190178 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have been used widely in constructing photodetectors (PDs) because of their advantages in flexible integration and ultrabroad operation wavelength range. Specifically, 2DM PDs on silicon have attracted much attention because silicon microelectronics and silicon photonics have been developed successfully for many applications. 2DM PDs meet the imperious demand of silicon photonics on low-cost, high-performance, and broadband photodetection. In this work, a review is given for the recent progresses of Si/2DM PDs working in the wavelength band from near-infrared to mid-infrared, which are attractive for many applications. The operation mechanisms and the device configurations are summarized in the first part. The waveguide-integrated PDs and the surface-illuminated PDs are then reviewed in details, respectively. The discussion and outlook for 2DM PDs on silicon are finally given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingshu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Laiwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Daoxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
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12
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Mercado E, Anaya J, Kuball M. Impact of Polymer Residue Level on the In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Suspended Large-Area Graphene Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17910-17919. [PMID: 33844921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of polymer transfer residues on graphene surfaces is a major bottleneck to overcome for the commercial and industrial viability of devices incorporating graphene layers. In particular, how clean the surface must be to recover high (>2500 W/mK) thermal conductivity and maximize the heat spreading capability of graphene for thermal management applications remains unclear. Here, we present the first systematic study of the impact of different levels of polymer residues on the in-plane thermal conductivity (κr) of single-layer graphene (SLG) fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Control over the quantity of surface residue was achieved by varying the length of time each sample was rinsed in toluene to remove the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) support layer. The level of residue contamination was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical characterization. The thermal conductivity of the suspended SLG was measured using an optothermal Raman technique. We observed that the presence of polymer surface residue has a significant impact on the thermal properties of SLG, with the most heavily contaminated sample exhibiting a κr as low as (905 +155/-100) W/mK. Even without complete eradication of surface residues, a thermal conductivity as high as (3100 +1400/-900) W/mK was recovered, where the separation between adjacent clusters was sufficiently large (>700 nm). The proportion of the SLG surface covered by residues and the mean separation distance between clusters were found to be key factors in determining the level of κr suppression. This work has important implications for future large-scale graphene fabrication and transfer, particularly where graphene is to be used as a heat spreading layer in devices. The possibility of new opportunities for manipulation of the thermal properties of SLG via PMMA nanopatterning is also raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Mercado
- Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability (CDTR), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Anaya
- Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability (CDTR), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kuball
- Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability (CDTR), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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13
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Saraswat V, Jacobberger RM, Arnold MS. Materials Science Challenges to Graphene Nanoribbon Electronics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3674-3708. [PMID: 33656860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for channel materials in future nanoelectronic devices due to their exceptional electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties and chemical inertness. However, the adoption of GNRs in commercial technologies is currently hampered by materials science and integration challenges pertaining to synthesis and devices. In this Review, we present an overview of the current status of challenges, recent breakthroughs toward overcoming these challenges, and possible future directions for the field of GNR electronics. We motivate the need for exploration of scalable synthetic techniques that yield atomically precise, placed, registered, and oriented GNRs on CMOS-compatible substrates and stimulate ideas for contact and dielectric engineering to realize experimental performance close to theoretically predicted metrics. We also briefly discuss unconventional device architectures that could be experimentally investigated to harness the maximum potential of GNRs in future spintronic and quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert M Jacobberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Qing F, Zhang Y, Niu Y, Stehle R, Chen Y, Li X. Towards large-scale graphene transfer. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10890-10911. [PMID: 32400813 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transfer process is crucial for obtaining high-quality graphene for its large-scale industrial application. In this review, graphene transfer methods are systematically classified along with an analysis of the contamination or impurity of graphene that is introduced during the transfer process. Two key processes are emphasized, the substrate removal process and the direct/indirect transfer of graphene. Based on the efficiency and cost factors of industrial scale production, various transfer methods are summarized and evaluated. Potential transfer technologies and future research directions for industrial application are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Niu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Richard Stehle
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sichuan University - Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Jiang'an Campus, Chengdu 610207, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanfu Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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15
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Baah M, Obraztsov P, Paddubskaya A, Biciunas A, Suvanto S, Svirko Y, Kuzhir P, Kaplas T. Electrical, Transport, and Optical Properties of Multifunctional Graphitic Films Synthesized on Dielectric Surfaces by Nickel Nanolayer-Assisted Pyrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6226-6233. [PMID: 31912724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that predepositing a nanometrically thin nickel film on a dielectric surface is sufficient to transform an amorphous pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) into a graphitic film (GRF) enriched with nickel particles. The GRF shows 3 orders of magnitude higher carrier mobility than the amorphous PPF, whereas its electrical conductivity doubles after etching away the nickel remains. The pronounced 2D peak in the Raman spectrum, almost dispersionless absorbance in the spectral range of 750-2000 nm, and the saturable absorption coefficient indicate that GRF possesses a graphene-like band structure. The proposed cost-efficient and scalable synthesis route opens avenues toward fabrication of micron size patterned graphitic structures of any shape directly on a dielectric substrate. Having graphene-like transport and electrical properties at 20 times higher absorbance than the single-layer graphene, GRF is attractive for fabrication of fast modulators for optical radiation, bolometers, and other photonics and optoelectronic devices that require enhanced optical absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Baah
- Institute of Photonics , University of Eastern Finland , Yliopistokatu 7 , FI-80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Petr Obraztsov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute , RAS , 38 Vavilov street , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Alesia Paddubskaya
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University , Bobruiskaya 11 , 220030 Minsk , Belarus
| | - Andrius Biciunas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Saulėtekio avenue 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Sari Suvanto
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , Yliopistokatu 7 , FI-80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Yuri Svirko
- Institute of Photonics , University of Eastern Finland , Yliopistokatu 7 , FI-80101 Joensuu , Finland
| | - Polina Kuzhir
- Institute of Photonics , University of Eastern Finland , Yliopistokatu 7 , FI-80101 Joensuu , Finland
- Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University , Bobruiskaya 11 , 220030 Minsk , Belarus
| | - Tommi Kaplas
- Institute of Photonics , University of Eastern Finland , Yliopistokatu 7 , FI-80101 Joensuu , Finland
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Saulėtekio avenue 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania
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16
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Muench JE, Ruocco A, Giambra MA, Miseikis V, Zhang D, Wang J, Watson HFY, Park GC, Akhavan S, Sorianello V, Midrio M, Tomadin A, Coletti C, Romagnoli M, Ferrari AC, Goykhman I. Waveguide-Integrated, Plasmonic Enhanced Graphene Photodetectors. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7632-7644. [PMID: 31536362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a micrometer-scale, on-chip integrated, plasmonic enhanced graphene photodetector (GPD) for telecom wavelengths operating at zero dark current. The GPD is designed to directly generate a photovoltage by the photothermoelectric effect. It is made of chemical vapor deposited single layer graphene, and has an external responsivity ∼12.2 V/W with a 3 dB bandwidth ∼42 GHz. We utilize Au split-gates to electrostatically create a p-n-junction and simultaneously guide a surface plasmon polariton gap-mode. This increases the light-graphene interaction and optical absorption and results in an increased electronic temperature and steeper temperature gradient across the GPD channel. This paves the way to compact, on-chip integrated, power-efficient graphene based photodetectors for receivers in tele- and datacom modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Muench
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Ruocco
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Marco A Giambra
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Vaidotas Miseikis
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni , 56124 Pisa , Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 56127 Pisa , Italy
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Dengke Zhang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Junjia Wang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Hannah F Y Watson
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Gyeong C Park
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Shahab Akhavan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Vito Sorianello
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Michele Midrio
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni , University of Udine , 33100 Udine , Italy
| | - Andrea Tomadin
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Pisa , Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3 , 56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Camilla Coletti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 56127 Pisa , Italy
- Graphene Labs , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Marco Romagnoli
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , United Kingdom
| | - Ilya Goykhman
- Micro Nanoelectronics Research Center , Technion , Haifa 320000 , Israel
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17
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Graphene and two-dimensional materials for silicon technology. Nature 2019; 573:507-518. [PMID: 31554977 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of silicon semiconductor technology has produced breakthroughs in electronics-from the microprocessor in the late 1960s to early 1970s, to automation, computers and smartphones-by downscaling the physical size of devices and wires to the nanometre regime. Now, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials offer prospects of unprecedented advances in device performance at the atomic limit, and a synergistic combination of 2D materials with silicon chips promises a heterogeneous platform to deliver massively enhanced potential based on silicon technology. Integration is achieved via three-dimensional monolithic construction of multifunctional high-rise 2D silicon chips, enabling enhanced performance by exploiting the vertical direction and the functional diversification of the silicon platform for applications in opto-electronics and sensing. Here we review the opportunities, progress and challenges of integrating atomically thin materials with silicon-based nanosystems, and also consider the prospects for computational and non-computational applications.
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18
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Luo D, Wang M, Li Y, Kim C, Yu KM, Kim Y, Han H, Biswal M, Huang M, Kwon Y, Goo M, Camacho-Mojica DC, Shi H, Yoo WJ, Altman MS, Shin HJ, Ruoff RS. Adlayer-Free Large-Area Single Crystal Graphene Grown on a Cu(111) Foil. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903615. [PMID: 31264306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, thousands of publications have reported chemical vapor deposition growth of "single layer" graphene, but none of them has described truly single layer graphene over large area because a fraction of the area has adlayers. It is found that the amount of subsurface carbon (leading to additional nuclei) in Cu foils directly correlates with the extent of adlayer growth. Annealing in hydrogen gas atmosphere depletes the subsurface carbon in the Cu foil. Adlayer-free single crystal and polycrystalline single layer graphene films are grown on Cu(111) and polycrystalline Cu foils containing no subsurface carbon, respectively. This single crystal graphene contains parallel, centimeter-long ≈100 nm wide "folds," separated by 20 to 50 µm, while folds (and wrinkles) are distributed quasi-randomly in the polycrystalline graphene film. High-performance field-effect transistors are readily fabricated in the large regions between adjacent parallel folds in the adlayer-free single crystal graphene film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Luo
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Man Yu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yohan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijun Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandakini Biswal
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Huang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kwon
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dulce C Camacho-Mojica
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haofei Shi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael S Altman
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hyung-Joon Shin
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zhang X, Wu T, Jiang Q, Wang H, Zhu H, Chen Z, Jiang R, Niu T, Li Z, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Yu G, Li A, Qiao S, Wang H, Yu Q, Xie X. Epitaxial Growth of 6 in. Single-Crystalline Graphene on a Cu/Ni (111) Film at 750 °C via Chemical Vapor Deposition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805395. [PMID: 30942946 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The future electronic application of graphene highly relies on the production of large-area high-quality single-crystal graphene. However, the growth of single-crystal graphene on different substrates via either single nucleation or seamless stitching is carried out at a temperature of 1000 °C or higher. The usage of this high temperature generates a variety of problems, including complexity of operation, higher contamination, metal evaporation, and wrinkles owing to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between the substrate and graphene. Here, a new approach for the fabrication of ultraflat single-crystal graphene using Cu/Ni (111)/sapphire wafers at lower temperature is reported. It is found that the temperature of epitaxial growth of graphene using Cu/Ni (111) can be reduced to 750 °C, much lower than that of earlier reports on catalytic surfaces. Devices made of graphene grown at 750 °C have a carrier mobility up to ≈9700 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature. This work shines light on a way toward a much lower temperature growth of high-quality graphene in single crystallinity, which could benefit future electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ren Jiang
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhuojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhijun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Haomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Qingkai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 865 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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20
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Wang J, Teng C, Jiang Y, Zhu Y, Jiang L. Wetting-Induced Climbing for Transferring Interfacially Assembled Large-Area Ultrathin Pristine Graphene Film. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806742. [PMID: 30633824 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to inherent 2D structure, marvelous mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, graphene has great potential as a macroscopic thin film for surface coating, composite, flexible electrode, and sensor. Nevertheless, the production of large-area graphene-based thin film from pristine graphene dispersion is severely impeded by its poor solution processability. In this study, a robust wetting-induced climbing strategy is reported for transferring the interfacially assembled large-area ultrathin pristine graphene film. This strategy can quickly convert solvent-exfoliated pristine graphene dispersion into ultrathin graphene film on various substrates with different materials (glass, metal, plastics, and cloth), shapes (film, fiber, and bulk), and hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns. It is also applicable to nanoparticles, nanofibers, and other exfoliated 2D nanomaterials for fabricating large-area ultrathin films. Alternate climbing of different ultrathin nanomaterial films allows a layer-by-layer transfer, forming a well-ordered layered composite film with the integration of multiple pristine nanomaterials at nanometer scale. This powerful strategy would greatly promote the development of solvent-exfoliated pristine nanomaterials from dispersions to macroscopic thin film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chao Teng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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21
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Jin S, Huang M, Kwon Y, Zhang L, Li BW, Oh S, Dong J, Luo D, Biswal M, Cunning BV, Bakharev PV, Moon I, Yoo WJ, Camacho-Mojica DC, Kim YJ, Lee SH, Wang B, Seong WK, Saxena M, Ding F, Shin HJ, Ruoff RS. Colossal grain growth yields single-crystal metal foils by contact-free annealing. Science 2018; 362:1021-1025. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal metals have distinctive properties owing to the absence of grain boundaries and strong anisotropy. Commercial single-crystal metals are usually synthesized by bulk crystal growth or by deposition of thin films onto substrates, and they are expensive and small. We prepared extremely large single-crystal metal foils by “contact-free annealing” from commercial polycrystalline foils. The colossal grain growth (up to 32 square centimeters) is achieved by minimizing contact stresses, resulting in a preferred in-plane and out-of-plane crystal orientation, and is driven by surface energy minimization during the rotation of the crystal lattice followed by “consumption” of neighboring grains. Industrial-scale production of single-crystal metal foils is possible as a result of this discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Jin
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Huang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kwon
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Leining Zhang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao-Wen Li
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichen Dong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Luo
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandakini Biswal
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin V. Cunning
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pavel V. Bakharev
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyong Moon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dulce C. Camacho-Mojica
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Seong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Manav Saxena
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Shin
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S. Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang B, Li Z, Wang C, Signetti S, Cunning BV, Wu X, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Shi H, Ryu S, Pugno NM, Ruoff RS. Folding Large Graphene-on-Polymer Films Yields Laminated Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707449. [PMID: 29992669 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A folding technique is reported to incorporate large-area monolayer graphene films in polymer composites for mechanical reinforcement. Compared with the classic stacking method, the folding strategy results in further stiffening, strengthening, and toughening of the composite. By using a water-air-interface-facilitated procedure, an A5-size 400 nm thin polycarbonate (PC) film is folded in half 10 times to a ≈0.4 mm thick material (1024 layers). A large PC/graphene film is also folded by the same process, resulting in a composite with graphene distributed uniformly. A three-point bending test is performed to study the mechanical performance of the composites. With a low volume fraction of graphene (0.085%), the Young's modulus, strength, and toughness modulus are enhanced in the folded composite by an average of 73.5%, 73.2%, and 59.1%, respectively, versus the pristine stacked polymer films, or 40.2%, 38.5%, and 37.3% versus the folded polymer film, proving a remarkable mechanical reinforcement from the combined folding and reinforcement of graphene. These results are rationalized with combined theoretical and computational analyses, which also allow the synergistic behavior between the reinforcement and folding to be quantified. The folding approach could be extended/applied to other 2D nanomaterials to design and make macroscale laminated composites with enhanced mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhancheng Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefano Signetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin V Cunning
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaozhong Wu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Huang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Jiang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haofei Shi
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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23
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Aziz TNTA, Rosli AB, Yusoff MM, Herman SH, Zulkifli Z. Transfer of graphene onto Pt/Glass substrate for transparent and large area graphene film using low temperature water bath. AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5036868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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24
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Deng B, Pang Z, Chen S, Li X, Meng C, Li J, Liu M, Wu J, Qi Y, Dang W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Kang N, Xu H, Fu Q, Qiu X, Gao P, Wei Y, Liu Z, Peng H. Wrinkle-Free Single-Crystal Graphene Wafer Grown on Strain-Engineered Substrates. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12337-12345. [PMID: 29191004 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkles are ubiquitous for graphene films grown on various substrates by chemical vapor deposition at high temperature due to the strain induced by thermal mismatch between the graphene and substrates, which greatly degrades the extraordinary properties of graphene. Here we show that the wrinkle formation of graphene grown on Cu substrates is strongly dependent on the crystallographic orientations. Wrinkle-free single-crystal graphene was grown on a wafer-scale twin-boundary-free single-crystal Cu(111) thin film fabricated on sapphire substrate through strain engineering. The wrinkle-free feature of graphene originated from the relatively small thermal expansion of the Cu(111) thin film substrate and the relatively strong interfacial coupling between Cu(111) and graphene, based on the strain analyses as well as molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we demonstrated the transfer of an ultraflat graphene film onto target substrates from the reusable single-crystal Cu(111)/sapphire growth substrate. The wrinkle-free graphene shows enhanced electrical mobility compared to graphene with wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenqian Pang
- LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caixia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Juanxia Wu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenhui Dang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongqi Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100094, China
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25
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Tseng WS, Jao MH, Hsu CC, Huang JS, Wu CI, Yeh NC. Stabilization of hybrid perovskite CH 3NH 3PbI 3 thin films by graphene passivation. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:19227-19235. [PMID: 29188264 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the long-term stability of water-sensitive hybrid perovskites CH3NH3PbI3 that were protected with monolayer graphene. This successful passivation was enabled by our development of a new water-free and polymer-free graphene transfer method. Monolayer graphene samples grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and transferred onto different substrates with the water/polymer-free method were found to preserve their high-quality characteristics after the transfer, as manifested by the studies of Raman, X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS), optical absorption, and sheet resistance. Additionally, XPS, UPS and optical absorption studies of fully graphene-covered CH3NH3PbI3 thin films showed spectral invariance even after 3 months, which was in sharp contrast to the drastic spectral changes after merely one week in control CH3NH3PbI3 samples without graphene protection. This successful demonstration of the graphene-enabled passivation and long-term stability of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films therefore opens up a new pathway towards realistic photovoltaic applications of hybrid perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shiuan Tseng
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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26
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Berger C, Phillips R, Centeno A, Zurutuza A, Vijayaraghavan A. Capacitive pressure sensing with suspended graphene-polymer heterostructure membranes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17439-17449. [PMID: 29105718 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe the fabrication and characterisation of a capacitive pressure sensor formed by an ultra-thin graphene-polymer heterostructure membrane spanning a large array of micro-cavities each up to 30 μm in diameter with 100% yield. Sensors covering an area of just 1 mm2 show reproducible pressure transduction under static and dynamic loading up to pressures of 250 kPa. The measured capacitance change in response to pressure is in good agreement with calculations. Further, we demonstrate high-sensitivity pressure sensors by applying a novel strained membrane transfer and optimising the sensor architecture. This method enables suspended structures with less than 50 nm of air dielectric gap, giving a pressure sensitivity of 123 aF Pa-1 mm-2 over a pressure range of 0 to 100 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Berger
- School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Rory Phillips
- School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Alba Centeno
- Graphenea S.A., 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Aravind Vijayaraghavan
- School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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27
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Verguts K, Schouteden K, Wu CH, Peters L, Vrancken N, Wu X, Li Z, Erkens M, Porret C, Huyghebaert C, Van Haesendonck C, De Gendt S, Brems S. Controlling Water Intercalation Is Key to a Direct Graphene Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37484-37492. [PMID: 28972738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The key steps of a transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials are the delamination of the as-grown material from a growth substrate and the lamination of the 2D material on a target substrate. In state-of-the-art transfer experiments, these steps remain very challenging, and transfer variations often result in unreliable 2D material properties. Here, it is demonstrated that interfacial water can insert between graphene and its growth substrate despite the hydrophobic behavior of graphene. It is understood that interfacial water is essential for an electrochemistry-based graphene delamination from a Pt surface. Additionally, the lamination of graphene to a target wafer is hindered by intercalation effects, which can even result in graphene delamination from the target wafer. For circumvention of these issues, a direct, support-free graphene transfer process is demonstrated, which relies on the formation of interfacial water between graphene and its growth surface, while avoiding water intercalation between graphene and the target wafer by using hydrophobic silane layers on the target wafer. The proposed direct graphene transfer also avoids polymer contamination (no temporary support layer) and eliminates the need for etching of the catalyst metal. Therefore, recycling of the growth template becomes feasible. The proposed transfer process might even open the door for the suggested atomic-scale interlocking-toy-brick-based stacking of different 2D materials, which will enable a more reliable fabrication of van der Waals heterostructure-based devices and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Verguts
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Schouteden
- Laboratorium voor Vaste-Stoffysica en Magnetisme, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisanne Peters
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nandi Vrancken
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhe Li
- Laboratorium voor Vaste-Stoffysica en Magnetisme, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maksiem Erkens
- Laboratorium voor Vaste-Stoffysica en Magnetisme, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clement Porret
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cedric Huyghebaert
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Haesendonck
- Laboratorium voor Vaste-Stoffysica en Magnetisme, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Brems
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw , Kapeldreef 75, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Wang B, Huang M, Kim NY, Cunning BV, Huang Y, Qu D, Chen X, Jin S, Biswal M, Zhang X, Lee SH, Lim H, Yoo WJ, Lee Z, Ruoff RS. Controlled Folding of Single Crystal Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1467-1473. [PMID: 28218542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Folded graphene in which two layers are stacked with a twist angle between them has been predicted to exhibit unique electronic, thermal, and magnetic properties. We report the folding of a single crystal monolayer graphene film grown on a Cu(111) substrate by using a tailored substrate having a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region. Controlled film delamination from the hydrophilic region was used to prepare macroscopic folded graphene with good uniformity on the millimeter scale. This process was used to create many folded sheets each with a defined twist angle between the two sheets. By identifying the original lattice orientation of the monolayer graphene on Cu foil, or establishing the relation between the fold angle and twist angle, this folding technique allows for the preparation of twisted bilayer graphene films with defined stacking orientations and may also be extended to create folded structures of other two-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Huang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin V Cunning
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Huang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Deshun Qu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianjue Chen
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Jin
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandakini Biswal
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseob Lim
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano-Technology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Zonghoon Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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29
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Xie A, Xuan N, Ba K, Sun Z. Pristine Graphene Electrode in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4643-4648. [PMID: 28079359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, the sp2 carbonaceous two-dimensional (2D) material, is gaining more attention in recent electrochemical studies. However, this atomic thick electrode usually suffers with surface contamination and poor electrochemical endurance. To overcome the drawbacks, we developed a PMMA-assisted, flipped transfer method to fabricate the graphene electrode with pristine surface and prolonged lifetime in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The HER performances of the single-layer graphene (SLG) were evaluated on various insulating and conductive substrates, including SiO2, polymers, SLG, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and copper. The parallel Tafel slopes of SLG, bilayer graphene (BLG), and HOPG suggest they share the same electrochemical activities deriving from the sp2 carbon basal plane. Moreover, the atomic barriers, both for SLG and the single-layer h-BN (SLBN), are semitransparent in HER for the underneath copper, providing a new perspective for the 2D materials to protect and couple with the other electrochemical catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aozhen Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Kun Ba
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhengzong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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30
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Zhu H, Liu A, Shan F, Yang W, Barrow C, Liu J. Direct transfer of graphene and application in low-voltage hybrid transistors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scotch tape assisted direct transfer of graphene is presented. Transferred graphene can act as a carrier transport layer in In2O3/graphene/ZrO2transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Ao Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Fukai Shan
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Colin Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Lab of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile
- Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
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31
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Wang B, Cunning BV, Park SY, Huang M, Kim JY, Ruoff RS. Graphene Coatings as Barrier Layers to Prevent the Water-Induced Corrosion of Silicate Glass. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9794-9800. [PMID: 27704789 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion-protective coatings for silicate glass based on the transfer of one or two layers of graphene grown on copper by chemical vapor deposition have been demonstrated. The effectiveness of graphene to act as a glass corrosion inhibitor was evaluated by water immersion testing. After 120 days of immersion in water, bare glass samples had a significant increase in surface roughness and defects, which resulted in a marked reduction in fracture strength. In contrast, the single- and double-layer graphene-coated glasses experienced negligible changes in both fracture strength and surface roughness. The anticorrosion mechanism was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin V Cunning
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Huang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Chen X, Xu Z, Wu K, Zhang S, Li H, Meng Y, Wang Z, Li L, Ma X. Facile Peeling Method as a Post-Remedy Strategy for Producing an Ultrasmooth Self-Assembled Monolayer for High-Performance Organic Transistors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9492-9500. [PMID: 27557089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The modification of dielectric surface with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) such as octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) is a widely used method to tune the electrical property of diverse electronic devices based on organic semiconductors, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and so forth. The surface roughness of self-assembled OTS monolayer is a key factor in determining its effect on device performance, but the preparation of an ultrasmooth OTS monolayer is a technologically challenging task. In this work, an ultrasmooth OTS monolayer is prepared via a facile peeling method, which may serve as a postremedy strategy to remove the protuberant aggregates. Such a method has not been reported before. With organic semiconductors as a testing model, ultrasmooth OTS may significantly improve the charge mobility of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). P-type dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) OFET with an ultrasmooth OTS monolayer yields good reproducibility and unprecendented maximum mobility of 8.16 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is remarkably superior to that of the OFET with a pristine OTS monolayer. This work develops a simple method to resolve the common and significant problem of the quality of OTS modification, which would be highly promising for electronic applications as well as other fields such as surface and interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University , Shanghai, 200241, China
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zeyang Xu
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kunjie Wu
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suna Zhang
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yancheng Meng
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Advanced Nano-Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xueming Ma
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University , Shanghai, 200241, China
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Ohtomo M, Sekine Y, Wang S, Hibino H, Yamamoto H. Etchant-free graphene transfer using facile intercalation of alkanethiol self-assembled molecules at graphene/metal interfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11503-11510. [PMID: 27198918 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel etchant-free transfer method of graphene using the intercalation of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the graphene/Cu interfaces. The early stage of intercalation proceeds through graphene grain boundaries or defects within a few seconds at room temperature until stable SAMs are formed after a few hours. The formation of SAMs releases the compressive strain of graphene induced by Cu substrates and make graphene slightly n-doped due to the formation of interface dipoles of the SAMs on metal surfaces. After SAM formation, the graphene is easily delaminated off from the metal substrates and transferred onto insulating substrates. The etchant-free process enables us to decrease the density of charged impurities and the magnitude of potential fluctuation in the transferred graphene, which suppress scattering of carriers. We also demonstrate the removal of alkanethiol SAMs and reuse the substrate. This method will dramatically reduce the cost of graphene transfer, which will benefit industrial applications such as of graphene transparent electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ohtomo
- NTT basic research laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sekine
- NTT basic research laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Shengnan Wang
- NTT basic research laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hibino
- NTT basic research laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan and Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- NTT basic research laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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