1
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Kim HS, Noh MH, White EM, Kandefer MV, Wright AF, Datta D, Lim HG, Smiggs E, Locklin JJ, Rahman MA, Feist AM, Pokorski JK. Biocomposite thermoplastic polyurethanes containing evolved bacterial spores as living fillers to facilitate polymer disintegration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3338. [PMID: 38688899 PMCID: PMC11061138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of hybrid engineered living materials seeks to pair living organisms with synthetic materials to generate biocomposite materials with augmented function since living systems can provide highly-programmable and complex behavior. Engineered living materials have typically been fabricated using techniques in benign aqueous environments, limiting their application. In this work, biocomposite fabrication is demonstrated in which spores from polymer-degrading bacteria are incorporated into a thermoplastic polyurethane using high-temperature melt extrusion. Bacteria are engineered using adaptive laboratory evolution to improve their heat tolerance to ensure nearly complete cell survivability during manufacturing at 135 °C. Furthermore, the overall tensile properties of spore-filled thermoplastic polyurethanes are substantially improved, resulting in a significant improvement in toughness. The biocomposites facilitate disintegration in compost in the absence of a microbe-rich environment. Finally, embedded spores demonstrate a rationally programmed function, expressing green fluorescent protein. This research provides a scalable method to fabricate advanced biocomposite materials in industrially-compatible processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Myung Hyun Noh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30 Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Evan M White
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Austin F Wright
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Debika Datta
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ethan Smiggs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason J Locklin
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Thermoplastic Polyurethane Research, BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Ave., Wyandotte, MI, 48192, USA.
| | - Adam M Feist
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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2
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Wu Z, Bayón JL, Kouznetsova TB, Ouchi T, Barkovich KJ, Hsu SK, Craig SL, Steinmetz NF. Virus-like Particles Armored by an Endoskeleton. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2989-2997. [PMID: 38294951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Many virus-like particles (VLPs) have good chemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities compared to those of other biologics. However, their stability needs to be improved for the commercialization and use in translation of VLP-based materials. We developed an endoskeleton-armored strategy for enhancing VLP stability. Specifically, the VLPs of physalis mottle virus (PhMV) and Qβ were used to demonstrate this concept. We built an internal polymer "backbone" using a maleimide-PEG15-maleimide cross-linker to covalently interlink viral coat proteins inside the capsid cavity, while the native VLPs are held together by only noncovalent bonding between subunits. Endoskeleton-armored VLPs exhibited significantly improved thermal stability (95 °C for 15 min), increased resistance to denaturants (i.e., surfactants, pHs, chemical denaturants, and organic solvents), and enhanced mechanical performance. Single-molecule force spectroscopy demonstrated a 6-fold increase in rupture distance and a 1.9-fold increase in rupture force of endoskeleton-armored PhMV. Overall, this endoskeleton-armored strategy provides more opportunities for the development and applications of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohong Wu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Shu and K. C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jorge L Bayón
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Shu and K. C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tatiana B Kouznetsova
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tetsu Ouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Krister J Barkovich
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Shu and K. C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sean K Hsu
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Shu and K. C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Shu and K. C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Puente AA, Ortega-Rivera OA, Wirth DM, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Melt Processing Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Candidates into Biodegradable Polymer Implants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2720:221-245. [PMID: 37775669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3469-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Melt processing is an emerging production method to efficiently encapsulate proteins into polymeric devices for sustained release. In the context of vaccines, melt processing is well-suited to develop vaccine delivery devices that are stable outside the cold chain and can generate protective immunity from a single dose. We have demonstrated the compatibility of bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs) with hot-melt extrusion (HME) and have leveraged this technology to develop a single-dose vaccine candidate for vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV). Here, we detail the methods for chemically conjugating an HPV peptide epitope from the L2 minor capsid protein to Qβ VLPs to generate HPV-Qβ particles. We outline techniques used to characterize HPV-Qβ particles, and we elaborate on the process to encapsulate HPV-Qβ into biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants and discuss methods for the materials characterization of the HPV-Qβ/polymer melts. The methods described could be adapted to other disease targets, i.e., by conjugation of a different peptide epitope, or transferred to other VLP systems suited for conjugation, immune response, or stability during processing. Such VLPs are ideally suited for use in HME, a mature, scalable, continuous, and solvent-free process which can be adapted to mold devices, therefore allowing the processing of the melts into various geometries, such as subcutaneous implants, or self-administrable microneedle patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando A Puente
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oscar A Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David M Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Materials Design and Delivery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Materials Design and Delivery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Pandya AK, Vora LK, Umeyor C, Surve D, Patel A, Biswas S, Patel K, Patravale VB. Polymeric in situ forming depots for long-acting drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115003. [PMID: 37422267 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric in situ forming depots have emerged as highly promising drug delivery systems for long-acting applications. Their effectiveness is attributed to essential characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to form a stable gel or solid upon injection. Moreover, they provide added versatility by complementing existing polymeric drug delivery systems like micro- and nanoparticles. The formulation's low viscosity facilitates manufacturing unit operations and enhances delivery efficiency, as it can be easily administered via hypodermic needles. The release mechanism of drugs from these systems can be predetermined using various functional polymers. To enable unique depot design, numerous strategies involving physiological and chemical stimuli have been explored. Important assessment criteria for in situ forming depots include biocompatibility, gel strength and syringeability, texture, biodegradation, release profile, and sterility. This review focuses on the fabrication approaches, key evaluation parameters, and pharmaceutical applications of in situ forming depots, considering perspectives from academia and industry. Additionally, insights about the future prospects of this technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019, India; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Chukwuebuka Umeyor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019, India; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 422001, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Dhanashree Surve
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Akanksha Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Ketankumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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5
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Datta D, Weiss EL, Wangpraseurt D, Hild E, Chen S, Golden JW, Golden SS, Pokorski JK. Phenotypically complex living materials containing engineered cyanobacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4742. [PMID: 37550278 PMCID: PMC10406891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of engineered living materials lies at the intersection of materials science and synthetic biology with the aim of developing materials that can sense and respond to the environment. In this study, we use 3D printing to fabricate a cyanobacterial biocomposite material capable of producing multiple functional outputs in response to an external chemical stimulus and demonstrate the advantages of utilizing additive manufacturing techniques in controlling the shape of the fabricated photosynthetic material. As an initial proof-of-concept, a synthetic riboswitch is used to regulate the expression of a yellow fluorescent protein reporter in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 within a hydrogel matrix. Subsequently, a strain of S. elongatus is engineered to produce an oxidative laccase enzyme; when printed within a hydrogel matrix the responsive biomaterial can decolorize a common textile dye pollutant, indigo carmine, potentially serving as a tool in environmental bioremediation. Finally, cells are engineered for inducible cell death to eliminate their presence once their activity is no longer required, which is an important function for biocontainment and minimizing environmental impact. By integrating genetically engineered stimuli-responsive cyanobacteria in volumetric 3D-printed designs, we demonstrate programmable photosynthetic biocomposite materials capable of producing functional outputs including, but not limited to, bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Datta
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elliot L Weiss
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erica Hild
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James W Golden
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan S Golden
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering and Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Shi M, McHugh KJ. Strategies for overcoming protein and peptide instability in biodegradable drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114904. [PMID: 37263542 PMCID: PMC10526705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The global pharmaceutical market has recently shifted its focus from small molecule drugs to peptide, protein, and nucleic acid drugs, which now comprise a majority of the top-selling pharmaceutical products on the market. Although these biologics often offer improved drug specificity, new mechanisms of action, and/or enhanced efficacy, they also present new challenges, including an increased potential for degradation and a need for frequent administration via more invasive administration routes, which can limit patient access, patient adherence, and ultimately the clinical impact of these drugs. Controlled-release systems have the potential to mitigate these challenges by offering superior control over in vivo drug levels, localizing these drugs to tissues of interest (e.g., tumors), and reducing administration frequency. Unfortunately, adapting controlled-release devices to release biologics has proven difficult due to the poor stability of biologics. In this review, we summarize the current state of controlled-release peptides and proteins, discuss existing techniques used to stabilize these drugs through encapsulation, storage, and in vivo release, and provide perspective on the most promising opportunities for the clinical translation of controlled-release peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miusi Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ray S, Puente A, Steinmetz NF, Pokorski JK. Recent advancements in single dose slow-release devices for prophylactic vaccines. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1832. [PMID: 35850120 PMCID: PMC9840709 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Single dose slow-release vaccines herald a new era in vaccine administration. An ideal device for slow-release vaccine delivery would be minimally invasive and self-administered, making these approaches an attractive alternative for mass vaccination programs, particularly during the time of a pandemic. In this review article, we discuss the latest advances in this field, specifically for prophylactic vaccines able to prevent infectious diseases. Recent studies have found that slow-release vaccines elicit better immune responses and often do not require cold chain transportation and storage, thus drastically reducing the cost, streamlining distribution, and improving efficacy. This promise has attracted significant attention, especially when poor patient compliance of the standard multidose vaccine regimes is considered. Single dose slow-release vaccines are the next generation of vaccine tools that could overcome most of the shortcomings of present vaccination programs and be the next platform technology to combat future pandemics. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Ray
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Armando Puente
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Wirth DM, McCline LG, Pokorski JK. Fabrication of an inexpensive injection molding instrument for rapid prototyping of high precision parts. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Ortega-Rivera OA, Shin MD, Moreno-Gonzalez MA, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. A single-dose Qβ VLP vaccine against S100A9 protein reduces atherosclerosis in a preclinical model. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2200092. [PMID: 36570039 PMCID: PMC9783282 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The standard therapy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the administration of statins to reduce plasma cholesterol levels, but this requires lifelong treatment. We developed a CVD vaccine candidate that targets the pro-inflammatory mediator calprotectin by eliciting antibodies against the S100A9 protein. The vaccine, based on bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying S100A9 peptide epitopes, was formulated as a slow-release PLGA:VLP implant by hot-melt extrusion. The single-dose implant elicited S100A9-specific antibody titers comparable to a three-dose injection schedule with soluble VLPs. In an animal model of CVD (ApoE-/- mice fed on a high-fat diet), the implant reduced serum levels of calprotectin, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1, resulting in less severe aortic lesions. This novel implant was therefore able to attenuate atherosclerosis over a sustained period and offers a novel and promising strategy to replace the repetitive administration of statins for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Matthew D. Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Miguel A. Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
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10
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Ray S, Wirth DM, Ortega-Rivera OA, Steinmetz NF, Pokorski JK. Dissolving Microneedle Delivery of a Prophylactic HPV Vaccine. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:903-912. [PMID: 35139303 PMCID: PMC9831510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines capable of preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are still inaccessible to a vast majority of the global population due to their high cost and challenges related to multiple administrations performed in a medical setting. In an effort to improve distribution and administration, we have developed dissolvable microneedles loaded with a thermally stable HPV vaccine candidate consisting of Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying a highly conserved epitope from the L2 protein of HPV (Qβ-HPV). Polymeric microneedle delivery of Qβ-HPV produces similar amounts of anti-HPV16 L2 IgG antibodies compared to traditional subcutaneous injection while delivering a much smaller amount of intradermal dose. However, a dose sparing effect was found. Furthermore, immunization yielded neutralizing antibody responses in a HPV pseudovirus assay. The vaccine candidate was confirmed to be stable at room temperature after storage for several months, potentially mitigating many of the challenges associated with cold-chain distribution. The ease of self-administration and minimal invasiveness of such microneedle patch vaccines may enable wide-scale distribution of the HPV vaccine and lead to higher patient compliance. The Qβ VLP and its delivery technology is a plug-and-play system that could serve as a universal platform with a broad range of applications. Qβ VLPs may be stockpiled for conjugation to a wide range of epitopes, which are then packaged and delivered directly to the patient via noninvasive microneedle patches. Such a system paves the way for rapid distribution and self-administration of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Ray
- Department of NanoEngineering and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - David M. Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Oscar A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, and Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
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11
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Souri M, Chiani M, Farhangi A, Mehrabi MR, Nourouzian D, Raahemifar K, Soltani M. Anti-COVID-19 Nanomaterials: Directions to Improve Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:783. [PMID: 35269270 PMCID: PMC8912597 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Following the announcement of the outbreak of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, unprecedented efforts were made by researchers around the world to combat the disease. So far, various methods have been developed to combat this "virus" nano enemy, in close collaboration with the clinical and scientific communities. Nanotechnology based on modifiable engineering materials and useful physicochemical properties has demonstrated several methods in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Here, based on what has been clarified so far from the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, through an interdisciplinary perspective based on computational science, engineering, pharmacology, medicine, biology, and virology, the role of nano-tools in the trio of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is highlighted. The special properties of different nanomaterials have led to their widespread use in the development of personal protective equipment, anti-viral nano-coats, and disinfectants in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 out-body. The development of nano-based vaccines acts as a strong shield in-body. In addition, fast detection with high efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 by nanomaterial-based point-of-care devices is another nanotechnology capability. Finally, nanotechnology can play an effective role as an agents carrier, such as agents for blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, gene editing agents, and therapeutic agents. As a general conclusion, it can be said that nanoparticles can be widely used in disinfection applications outside in vivo. However, in in vivo applications, although it has provided promising results, it still needs to be evaluated for possible unintended immunotoxicity. Reviews like these can be important documents for future unwanted pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Souri
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Ali Farhangi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Mehrabi
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Dariush Nourouzian
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (M.S.); (M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M. Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
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12
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Li X, Liu S, Yin P, Chen K. Enhanced Immune Responses by Virus-Mimetic Polymeric Nanostructures Against Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:804416. [PMID: 35126367 PMCID: PMC8807518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent outbreaks of global pandemic disease have spurred new sensors and medicines development for the prevention of disease spread. This perspective specifically covers recent advances, challenges, and future directions in virus-mimetic polymeric nanostructures and their application in biological medicines with a special emphasis on subunit vaccine development. With tailorable compositions and properties, polymers facilitate the ingenious design of various polymeric nanostructures. As one type of polymeric nanostructures, virus-mimetic polymeric nanostructures have been developed as an attractive platform for enhanced immune responses, since they combine the merits of polymer nanocores with the biomimetic characteristic of virus which displays multivalent epitopes on their surfaces. This perspective also provides an applicative approach to rationally design virus-mimetic polymeric platforms based on nanostructures that are self-assembled by using polymers as templates and the antigens and metal oxide clusters loaded on their surface to mimic viruses in size and surface antigenicity. Sub-200 nm virus-mimetic polymeric nanostructures are in a relatively lower level of endotoxins and can promote the antigens to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogenic bacteria. The promising development of virus-mimetic polymeric nanostructures will continue to protect human health from common pathogens and emerging infectious threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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14
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Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 PMCID: PMC8647509 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C. Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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15
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Luzuriaga MA, Herbert FC, Brohlin OR, Gadhvi J, Howlett T, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Wijesundara YH, Venkitapathi S, Veera K, Ehrman R, Benjamin CE, Popal S, Burton MD, Ingersoll MA, De Nisco NJ, Gassensmith JJ. Metal-Organic Framework Encapsulated Whole-Cell Vaccines Enhance Humoral Immunity against Bacterial Infection. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17426-17438. [PMID: 34546723 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing rate of resistance of bacterial infection against antibiotics requires next generation approaches to fight potential pandemic spread. The development of vaccines against pathogenic bacteria has been difficult owing, in part, to the genetic diversity of bacteria. Hence, there are many potential target antigens and little a priori knowledge of which antigen/s will elicit protective immunity. The painstaking process of selecting appropriate antigens could be avoided with whole-cell bacteria; however, whole-cell formulations typically fail to produce long-term and durable immune responses. These complications are one reason why no vaccine against any type of pathogenic E. coli has been successfully clinically translated. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate a method to enhance the immunogenicity of a model pathogenic E. coli strain by forming a slow releasing depot. The E. coli strain CFT073 was biomimetically mineralized within a metal-organic framework (MOF). This process encapsulates the bacteria within 30 min in water and at ambient temperatures. Vaccination with this formulation substantially enhances antibody production and results in significantly enhanced survival in a mouse model of bacteremia compared to standard inactivated formulations.
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16
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Ortega-Rivera OA, Shukla S, Shin MD, Chen A, Beiss V, Moreno-Gonzalez MA, Zheng Y, Clark AE, Carlin AF, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticle Vaccine Candidates Displaying Peptide Epitopes Can Neutralize the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3096-3110. [PMID: 34672530 PMCID: PMC8547496 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of vaccines against coronaviruses has focused on the spike (S) protein, which is required for the recognition of host-cell receptors and thus elicits neutralizing antibodies. Targeting conserved epitopes on the S protein offers the potential for pan-beta-coronavirus vaccines that could prevent future pandemics. We displayed five B-cell epitopes, originally identified in the convalescent sera from recovered severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients, on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and evaluated these formulations as vaccines. Prime-boost immunization of mice with three of these candidate vaccines, CPMV-988, CPMV-1173, and CPMV-1209, elicited high antibody titers that neutralized the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro and showed an early Th1-biased profile (2-4 weeks) transitioning to a slightly Th2-biased profile just after the second boost (6 weeks). A pentavalent slow-release implant comprising all five peptides displayed on the CPMV elicited anti-S protein and epitope-specific antibody titers, albeit at a lower magnitude compared to the soluble formulations. While the CPMV remained intact when released from the PLGA implants, processing results in loss of RNA, which acts as an adjuvant. Loss of RNA may be a reason for the lower efficacy of the implants. Finally, although the three epitopes (988, 1173, and 1209) that were found to be neutralizing the SARS-CoV were 100% identical to the SARS-CoV-2, none of the vaccine candidates neutralized the SARS-CoV-2 in vitro suggesting differences in the natural epitope perhaps caused by conformational changes or the presence of N-linked glycans. While a cross-protective vaccine candidate was not developed, a multivalent SARS vaccine was developed. The technology discussed here is a versatile vaccination platform that can be pivoted toward other diseases and applications that are not limited to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Angela Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Miguel A. Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Alex E. Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of
California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
| | - Aaron F. Carlin
- Department of Medicine, University of
California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design,
University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
92039, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University
of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Department of Radiology, University of
California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of
California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United
States
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17
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Ortega-Rivera O, Shin MD, Chen A, Beiss V, Moreno-Gonzalez MA, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Reynoso M, Wang H, Hurst BL, Wang J, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Trivalent Subunit Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19 and Their Delivery Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14748-14765. [PMID: 34490778 PMCID: PMC8442557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for platform technologies enabling rapid development of vaccines for emerging viral diseases. The current vaccines target the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and thus far have shown tremendous efficacy. However, the need for cold-chain distribution, a prime-boost administration schedule, and the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) call for diligence in novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approaches. We studied 13 peptide epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 and identified three neutralizing epitopes that are highly conserved among the VOCs. Monovalent and trivalent COVID-19 vaccine candidates were formulated by chemical conjugation of the peptide epitopes to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles and virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophage Qβ. Efficacy of this approach was validated first using soluble vaccine candidates as solo or trivalent mixtures and subcutaneous prime-boost injection. The high thermal stability of our vaccine candidates allowed for formulation into single-dose injectable slow-release polymer implants, manufactured by melt extrusion, as well as microneedle (MN) patches, obtained through casting into micromolds, for prime-boost self-administration. Immunization of mice yielded high titers of antibodies against the target epitope and S protein, and data confirms that antibodies block receptor binding and neutralize SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 against infection of human cells. We present a nanotechnology vaccine platform that is stable outside the cold-chain and can be formulated into delivery devices enabling single administration or self-administration. CPMV or Qβ VLPs could be stockpiled, and epitopes exchanged to target new mutants or emergent diseases as the need arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar
A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shin
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Angela Chen
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Miguel A. Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Miguel A. Lopez-Ramirez
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Maria Reynoso
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
- Institute
for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
- Institute
for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department
of NanoEngineering, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials
Discovery and Design, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
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18
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Hasanzadeh A, Alamdaran M, Ahmadi S, Nourizadeh H, Bagherzadeh MA, Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Simon P, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Nanotechnology against COVID-19: Immunization, diagnostic and therapeutic studies. J Control Release 2021; 336:354-374. [PMID: 34175366 PMCID: PMC8226031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in early 2020 soon led to the global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, the clinical and scientific communities have been closely collaborating to develop effective strategies for controlling the ongoing pandemic. The game-changing fields of recent years, nanotechnology and nanomedicine have the potential to not only design new approaches, but also to improve existing methods for the fight against COVID-19. Nanomaterials can be used in the development of highly efficient, reusable personal protective equipment, and antiviral nano-coatings in public settings could prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Smart nanocarriers have accelerated the design of several therapeutic, prophylactic, or immune-mediated approaches against COVID-19. Some nanovaccines have even entered Phase IΙ/IIΙ clinical trials. Several rapid and cost-effective COVID-19 diagnostic techniques have also been devised based on nanobiosensors, lab-on-a-chip systems, or nanopore technology. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging role of nanotechnology in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Alamdaran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helena Nourizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sport Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Social Science, Media and Sport, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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19
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Ortega-Rivera OA, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. A single-dose, implant-based, trivalent virus-like particle vaccine against "cholesterol checkpoint" proteins. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100014. [PMID: 34541299 PMCID: PMC8447230 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death globally. Lowering cholesterol levels in plasma is the mainstay therapy; however lifelong treatment and adverse effects call for improved therapeutic interventions. We developed a trivalent vaccine candidate targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Vaccine candidates were developed using bacteriophage Qβ-based virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying antigens of PCKS9, ApoB, and CETP, respectively. Vaccine candidate mixtures were formulated as slow-release PLGA:VLP implants using hot-melt extrusion. The delivery of the trivalent vaccine candidate via the implant produced antibodies against the cholesterol checkpoint proteins at levels comparable to a three-dose injection schedule with soluble mixtures. The reduction in PCSK9 and ApoB levels in plasma, inhibition of CETP (in vitro), and total plasma cholesterol decrease was achieved. All-together, we present a platform technology for a single-dose multi-target vaccination platform targeting cholesterol checkpoint proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla CA 92039, USA
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20
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Martino ML, Crooke SN, Manchester M, Finn MG. Single-Point Mutations in Qβ Virus-like Particles Change Binding to Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3332-3341. [PMID: 34251176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute large, polyvalent platforms onto which a wide variety of functional units can be grafted. Their use in biological settings often depends on their specific binding to cells or receptors of interest; this can be compromised by excessive nonspecific association with other cells. We found that lysine residues mediate such nonspecific interactions, presumably by virtue of protonation and interaction with anionic membrane lipid headgroups and/or complementary residues of cell surface proteins and polysaccharides. Chemical acylation of surface-exposed amines of the Qβ VLP led to a significant reduction in the association of particles with mammalian cells. Single-point mutations of particular lysine residues to either glutamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, or phenylalanine were mostly well-tolerated and formed intact capsids, but the introduction of double and triple mutants was far less forgiving. Introduction of glutamic acid at position 13 (K13E) led to a dramatic increase in cellular binding, whereas removal of the lysine at position 46 (K46Q) led to an equally striking reduction. Several plasma membrane components were found to specifically interact with the Qβ capsid irrespective of surface charge. These results suggest that specific cellular interactions are engaged or obviated by such mutations and provide us with more "benign" particles to which can be added binding functionality for targeted delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martino
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stephen N Crooke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - M G Finn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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21
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Luzuriaga MA, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Herbert FC, Wijesundara YH, Gassensmith JJ. Biomaterials and nanomaterials for sustained release vaccine delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1735. [PMID: 34180608 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the most significant medical advancements in human history, as they have prevented hundreds of millions of deaths since their discovery; however, modern travel permits disease spread at unprecedented rates, and vaccine shortcomings like thermal sensitivity and required booster shots have been made evident by the COVID-19 pandemic. Approaches to overcoming these issues appear promising via the integration of vaccine technology with biomaterials, which offer sustained-release properties and preserve proteins, prevent conformational changes, and enable storage at room temperature. Sustained release and thermal stabilization of therapeutic biomacromolecules is an emerging area that integrates material science, chemistry, immunology, nanotechnology, and pathology to investigate different biocompatible materials. Biomaterials, including natural sugar polymers, synthetic polyesters produced from biologically derived monomers, hydrogel blends, protein-polymer blends, and metal-organic frameworks, have emerged as early players in the field. This overview will focus on significant advances of sustained release biomaterial in the context of vaccines against infectious disease and the progress made towards thermally stable "single-shot" formulations. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Luzuriaga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
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22
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Zheng Y, Pokorski JK. Hot melt extrusion: An emerging manufacturing method for slow and sustained protein delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1712. [PMID: 33691347 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of new therapeutic protein products (TPPs) have been approved by the FDA and many others are under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. A major limitation of biopharmaceuticals is their limited half-life when administered systemically. A one-time, implantable, sustained protein delivery device would be advantageous in order to improve the quality of life of patients. Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a mature technology that has been extensively used for a broad spectrum of applications in the polymer and pharmaceutical industry and has achieved success as evidenced by a variety of FDA-approved commercial products. These commercial products are mostly for sustained delivery of small molecule therapeutics, leaving a significant gap for HME formulation of therapeutic proteins. With the increasing need of sustained TPP delivery, HME shows promise as a downstream processing method due to its high efficiency and economic value. Several challenges remain for the application of HME in protein delivery. Progress of HME for protein delivery, challenges encountered, and potential solutions will be detailed in this review article. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Shao S, A. Ortega-Rivera O, Ray S, K. Pokorski J, F. Steinmetz N. A Scalable Manufacturing Approach to Single Dose Vaccination against HPV. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010066. [PMID: 33478147 PMCID: PMC7835769 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a globally prevalent sexually-transmitted pathogen, responsible for most cases of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination rates remain suboptimal, partly due to the need for multiple doses, leading to a lack of compliance and incomplete protection. To address the drawbacks of current HPV vaccines, we used a scalable manufacturing process to prepare implantable polymer-protein blends for single-administration with sustained delivery. Peptide epitopes from HPV16 capsid protein L2 were conjugated to the virus-like particles derived from bacteriophage Qβ, to enhance their immunogenicity. The HPV-Qβ particles were then encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants, using a benchtop melt-processing system. The implants facilitated the slow and sustained release of HPV-Qβ particles without the loss of nanoparticle integrity, during high temperature melt processing. Mice vaccinated with the implants generated IgG titers comparable to the traditional soluble injections and achieved protection in a pseudovirus neutralization assay. HPV-Qβ implants offer a new vaccination platform; because the melt-processing is so versatile, the technology offers the opportunity for massive upscale into any geometric form factor. Notably, microneedle patches would allow for self-administration in the absence of a healthcare professional, within the developing world. The Qβ technology is highly adaptable, allowing the production of vaccine candidates and their delivery devices for multiple strains or types of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.S.); (O.A.O.-R.); (S.R.)
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oscar A. Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.S.); (O.A.O.-R.); (S.R.)
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sayoni Ray
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.S.); (O.A.O.-R.); (S.R.)
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.S.); (O.A.O.-R.); (S.R.)
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: (J.K.P.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.S.); (O.A.O.-R.); (S.R.)
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: (J.K.P.); (N.F.S.)
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24
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Vaccine implants: current status and recent advancements. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:319-330. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Implants have long been used in the field of drug delivery as controlled release vehicles and are now being investigated as single-shot vaccine technologies. Implants have shown great promise, minimizing the need for multiple immunizations while stimulating potent immune responses with reduced doses of vaccine. Synchronous release of vaccine components from implants over an appropriate period of time is important in order to avoid issues including immune tolerance, sequestration or deletion. Traditionally, implants require surgical implantation and removal, which can be a barrier to their widespread use. Degradable and in situ implants are now being developed that can be administered using minimally invasive subcutaneous or intramuscular injection techniques. Injectable hydrogels remain the most commonly studied approach for sustained vaccine delivery due to their ease of administration and tunable degradation properties. Despite exciting advancements in the field of vaccine implants, few technologies have progressed to clinical trials. To increase the likelihood of clinical translation of vaccine implants, strategic testing of disease-relevant antigens in appropriate species is essential. In this review, the significance of vaccine implants and the different types of implants being developed to deliver vaccines are discussed.
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25
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Wibowo D, Jorritsma SHT, Gonzaga ZJ, Evert B, Chen S, Rehm BHA. Polymeric nanoparticle vaccines to combat emerging and pandemic threats. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120597. [PMID: 33360074 PMCID: PMC7834201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines are more advantageous than live attenuated vaccines in terms of safety and scale-up manufacture. However, this often comes as a trade-off to their efficacy. Over the years, polymeric nanoparticles have been developed to improve vaccine potency, by engineering their physicochemical properties to incorporate multiple immunological cues to mimic pathogenic microbes and viruses. This review covers recent advances in polymeric nanostructures developed toward particulate vaccines. It focuses on the impact of microbe mimicry (e.g. size, charge, hydrophobicity, and surface chemistry) on modulation of the nanoparticles’ delivery, trafficking, and targeting antigen-presenting cells to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses. This review also provides up-to-date progresses on rational designs of a wide variety of polymeric nanostructures that are loaded with antigens and immunostimulatory molecules, ranging from particles, micelles, nanogels, and polymersomes to advanced core-shell structures where polymeric particles are coated with lipids, cell membranes, or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wibowo
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Sytze H T Jorritsma
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Zennia Jean Gonzaga
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Benjamin Evert
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia.
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26
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Comas-Garcia M, Colunga-Saucedo M, Rosales-Mendoza S. The Role of Virus-Like Particles in Medical Biotechnology. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4407-4420. [PMID: 33147978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein-based, nanoscale, self-assembling, cage architectures, which have relevant applications in biomedicine. They can be used for the development of vaccines, imaging approaches, drug and gene therapy delivery systems, and in vitro diagnostic methods. Today, three relevant viruses are targeted using VLP-based recombinant vaccines. VLP-based drug delivery, nanoreactors for therapy, and imaging systems are approaches under development with promising outcomes. Several VLP-based vaccines are under clinical evaluation. Herein, an updated view on the VLP-based biomedical applications is provided; advanced methods for the production, functionalization, and drug loading of VLPs are described, and perspectives for the field are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Comas-Garcia
- Department of Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78295, México.,Genomic Medicine Section, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78210, México.,High-Resolution Microscopy Section, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78210, México
| | - Mayra Colunga-Saucedo
- Genomic Medicine Section, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78210, México
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Departament of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78210, México.,Biotechnology Section, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78210, México
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27
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Abstract
Therapeutic viral gene delivery is an emerging technology which aims to correct genetic mutations by introducing new genetic information to cells either to correct a faulty gene or to initiate cell death in oncolytic treatments. In recent years, significant scientific progress has led to several clinical trials resulting in the approval of gene therapies for human treatment. However, successful therapies remain limited due to a number of challenges such as inefficient cell uptake, low transduction efficiency (TE), limited tropism, liver toxicity and immune response. To adress these issues and increase the number of available therapies, additives from a broad range of materials like polymers, peptides, lipids, nanoparticles, and small molecules have been applied so far. The scope of this review is to highlight these selected delivery systems from a materials perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Kaygisiz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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28
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Shukla S, Hu H, Cai H, Chan SK, Boone CE, Beiss V, Chariou PL, Steinmetz NF. Plant Viruses and Bacteriophage-Based Reagents for Diagnosis and Therapy. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:559-587. [PMID: 32991265 PMCID: PMC8018517 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010720-052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology exploits the prefabricated nanostructures of viruses, which are already abundant in nature. With well-defined molecular architectures, viral nanocarriers offer unprecedented opportunities for precise structural and functional manipulation using genetic engineering and/or bio-orthogonal chemistries. In this manner, they can be loaded with diverse molecular payloads for targeted delivery. Mammalian viruses are already established in the clinic for gene therapy and immunotherapy, and inactivated viruses or virus-like particles have long been used as vaccines. More recently, plant viruses and bacteriophages have been developed as nanocarriers for diagnostic imaging, vaccine and drug delivery, and combined diagnosis/therapy (theranostics). The first wave of these novel virus-based tools has completed clinical development and is poised to make an impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - He Hu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Soo-Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christine E Boone
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul L Chariou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
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29
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Lipomi DJ, Fenning DP, Ong SP, Shah NJ, Tao AR, Zhang L. Exploring Frontiers in Research and Teaching: NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering at UC San Diego. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9203-9216. [PMID: 32806076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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30
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Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, Beiss V, Chan SK, Ortega-Rivera OA, Wirth DM, Chen A, Sack M, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:646-655. [PMID: 32669664 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people with no clear signs of abatement owing to the high prevalence, long incubation period and lack of established treatments or vaccines. Vaccines are the most promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. The genome sequence and protein structure of the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) were made available in record time, allowing the development of inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines along with subunit vaccines for prophylaxis and treatment. Nanotechnology benefits modern vaccine design since nanomaterials are ideal for antigen delivery, as adjuvants, and as mimics of viral structures. In fact, the first vaccine candidate launched into clinical trials is an mRNA vaccine delivered via lipid nanoparticles. To eradicate pandemics, present and future, a successful vaccine platform must enable rapid discovery, scalable manufacturing and global distribution. Here, we review current approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development and highlight the role of nanotechnology and advanced manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soo Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oscar A Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David M Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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31
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Patel BK, Wang C, Lorens B, Levine AD, Steinmetz NF, Shukla S. Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV)-Based Cancer Testis Antigen NY-ESO-1 Vaccine Elicits an Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4179-4187. [PMID: 34368641 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are promising adjuvant immunotherapies that can stimulate the immune system to recognize tumor-associated antigens and eliminate the residual or recurring disease. The aberrant and restricted expression of highly immunogenic cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in several malignancies, including triple-negative breast cancer, melanoma, myelomas, and ovarian cancer, makes NY-ESO-1 an attractive antigenic target for cancer vaccines. This study describes a NY-ESO-1 vaccine based on a bio-inspired nanomaterial platform technology, specifically a plant virus nanoparticle. The 30 nm icosahedral plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) displaying multiple copies of human HLA-A2 restricted peptide antigen NY-ESO-1157-165 exhibited enhanced uptake and activation of antigen-presenting cells and stimulated a potent CD8+ T cell response in transgenic human HLA-A2 expressing mice. CD8+ T cells from immunized mice exhibited antigen-specific proliferation and cancer cell cytotoxicity, highlighting the potential application of a CPMV-NY-ESO-1 vaccine against NY-ESO-1+ malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindi K Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Braulio Lorens
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alan D Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Medicine, Pediatrics Pathology, and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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32
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Herbert FC, Brohlin OR, Galbraith T, Benjamin C, Reyes CA, Luzuriaga MA, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Gassensmith JJ. Supramolecular Encapsulation of Small-Ultrared Fluorescent Proteins in Virus-Like Nanoparticles for Noninvasive In Vivo Imaging Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1529-1536. [PMID: 32343135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophages Qβ and PP7 encapsulating small-ultrared fluorescent protein (smURFP) were produced using a versatile supramolecular capsid disassemble-reassemble approach. The generated fluorescent VLPs display identical structural properties to their nonfluorescent analogs. Encapsulated smURFP shows indistinguishable photochemical properties to its unencapsulated counterpart, exhibits outstanding stability toward pH, and produces bright in vitro images following phagocytosis by macrophages. In vivo imaging allows the biodistribution to be imaged at different time points. Ex vivo imaging of intravenously administered encapsulated smURFP reveals a localization in the liver and kidneys after 2 h blood circulation and substantial elimination after 16 h of imaging, highlighting the potential application of these constructs as noninvasive in vivo imaging agents.
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Poghossian A, Jablonski M, Molinnus D, Wege C, Schöning MJ. Field-Effect Sensors for Virus Detection: From Ebola to SARS-CoV-2 and Plant Viral Enhancers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598103. [PMID: 33329662 PMCID: PMC7732584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel human infectious disease provoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs against COVID-19 are available. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential in order to slow the virus spread and to contain the disease outbreak. Hence, new diagnostic tests and devices for virus detection in clinical samples that are faster, more accurate and reliable, easier and cost-efficient than existing ones are needed. Due to the small sizes, fast response time, label-free operation without the need for expensive and time-consuming labeling steps, the possibility of real-time and multiplexed measurements, robustness and portability (point-of-care and on-site testing), biosensors based on semiconductor field-effect devices (FEDs) are one of the most attractive platforms for an electrical detection of charged biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. In this review, recent advances and key developments in the field of label-free detection of viruses (including plant viruses) with various types of FEDs are presented. In recent years, however, certain plant viruses have also attracted additional interest for biosensor layouts: Their repetitive protein subunits arranged at nanometric spacing can be employed for coupling functional molecules. If used as adapters on sensor chip surfaces, they allow an efficient immobilization of analyte-specific recognition and detector elements such as antibodies and enzymes at highest surface densities. The display on plant viral bionanoparticles may also lead to long-time stabilization of sensor molecules upon repeated uses and has the potential to increase sensor performance substantially, compared to conventional layouts. This has been demonstrated in different proof-of-concept biosensor devices. Therefore, richly available plant viral particles, non-pathogenic for animals or humans, might gain novel importance if applied in receptor layers of FEDs. These perspectives are explained and discussed with regard to future detection strategies for COVID-19 and related viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Jablonski
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Wege,
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Michael J. Schöning,
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Bao X, Zeng J, Huang H, Ma C, Wang L, Wang F, Liao X, Song X. Cancer-targeted PEDF-DNA therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 576:118999. [PMID: 31893541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Moreover, metastasis is one of the main causes of death in CRC patients. Nanotechnology-based gene therapy has shown significant therapeutic benefits in recent clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) protein can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptosis. In this study, we prepared a PEDF-DNA-loaded liposome for cancer-targeted gene therapy for metastatic CRC using an iRGD peptide. Our results showed that cancer-targeted PEDF-DNA liposomes (R-LP/PEDF) exhibited enhanced inhibitory effects on invasion, migration, and pro-apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. In addition, it reduced metastasis tumor nodules in lung and prolonged the survival time in a mouse model of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingting Bao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fazhan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Plant virus-based materials for biomedical applications: Trends and prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:96-118. [PMID: 30176280 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials composed of plant viral components are finding their way into medical technology and health care, as they offer singular properties. Precisely shaped, tailored virus nanoparticles (VNPs) with multivalent protein surfaces are efficiently loaded with functional compounds such as contrast agents and drugs, and serve as carrier templates and targeting vehicles displaying e.g. peptides and synthetic molecules. Multiple modifications enable uses including vaccination, biosensing, tissue engineering, intravital delivery and theranostics. Novel concepts exploit self-organization capacities of viral building blocks into hierarchical 2D and 3D structures, and their conversion into biocompatible, biodegradable units. High yields of VNPs and proteins can be harvested from plants after a few days so that various products have reached or are close to commercialization. The article delineates potentials and limitations of biomedical plant VNP uses, integrating perspectives of chemistry, biomaterials sciences, molecular plant virology and process engineering.
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Kerstetter-Fogle A, Shukla S, Wang C, Beiss V, Harris PLR, Sloan AE, Steinmetz NF. Plant Virus-Like Particle In Situ Vaccine for Intracranial Glioma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040515. [PMID: 30974896 PMCID: PMC6521079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive multi-modality treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapies, malignant glioma inevitably recurs and has dismal survival rates. Recent progress in immunotherapy has led to a resurgence of interest, and immunotherapies are being investigated for treatment of glioma. However, the unique brain anatomy and a highly immunosuppressive glioma microenvironment pose significant challenges to achieving efficacy. Thus, there is a critical need for assessment of next-generation immunotherapies for glioma. In this study, we have investigated the efficacy of the nanoparticle platform technology based on plant-derived Cowpea mosaic virus like particles (empty CPMV or eCPMV) to instigate a potent immune response against intracranial glioma. CPMV immunotherapy has been shown to efficiently reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments in pre-clinical murine models of dermal melanoma and metastatic melanoma, metastatic breast cancer, intraperitoneal ovarian cancer and in canine patients with oral melanoma. In the present study, we demonstrate that in situ administration of CPMV immunotherapy in the setting of glioma can effectively recruit unique subset of effector innate and adaptive immune cells to the brain parenchyma while reducing immune suppressive cellular population, leading to regression of intracranial glioma. The in situ CPMV nanoparticle vaccine offers a potent yet safe and localized immunotherapy for intracranial glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kerstetter-Fogle
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Peggy L R Harris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center & the Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Luzuriaga MA, Welch RP, Dharmarwardana M, Benjamin CE, Li S, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Popal S, Tuong LH, Creswell CT, Gassensmith JJ. Enhanced Stability and Controlled Delivery of MOF-Encapsulated Vaccines and Their Immunogenic Response In Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9740-9746. [PMID: 30776885 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have an innate tendency to lose their structural conformation upon environmental and chemical stressors. A loss in conformation reduces the therapeutic ability to prevent the spread of a pathogen. Herein, we report an in-depth study of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and its ability to provide protection for a model viral vector against denaturing conditions. The immunoassay and spectroscopy analysis together demonstrate enhanced thermal and chemical stability to the conformational structure of the encapsulated viral nanoparticle. The long-term biological activity of this virus-ZIF composite was investigated in animal models to further elucidate the integrity of the encapsulated virus, the biosafety, and immunogenicity of the overall composite. Additionally, histological analysis found no observable tissue damage in the skin or vital organs in mice, following multiple subcutaneous administrations. This study shows that ZIF-based protein composites are strong candidates for improved preservation of proteinaceous drugs, are biocompatible, and are capable of controlling the release and adsorption of drugs in vivo.
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Wang C, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF. Cowpea Mosaic Virus Promotes Anti-Tumor Activity and Immune Memory in a Mouse Ovarian Tumor Model. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019; 2. [PMID: 33969181 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a promising platform nanotechnology with applications as a cancer therapeutic. To understand the therapeutic potential of CPMV in more detail, its antitumor mechanisms are investigated using a syngeneic immunocompetent murine orthotopic ovarian cancer model (ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A). CPMV treatment in situ promotes tumor regression and prevents tumor recurrence. Although CPMV does not kill tumor cells directly, it promotes an intra-tumoral cytokine response which induces pre-existing myeloid cells to break immunotolerance and initiate antitumor responses. The upregulation of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ as well as the downregulation of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β are observed, associated with activation and repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils to an anti-tumor phenotype. Furthermore, the in situ administration of CPMV recruits dendritic cells and natural killer cells to the tumor site, and induces the expression of costimulatory molecules on CD11b- myeloid cells. By converting immunosuppressive myeloid cells into potent antigen-presenting cells, in situ CPMV treatment significantly improves effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and promoted systemic tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell activity. CPMV in situ immunotherapy induces significant tumor control in an aggressive ovarian tumor model by coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses involving neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth University, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Abstract
Polymeric matrices inherently protect viral vectors from pre-existing immune conditions, limit dissemination to off-target sites, and can sustain vector release. Advancing methodologies in development of particulate based vehicles have led to improved encapsulation of viral vectors. Polymeric delivery systems have contributed to increasing cellular transduction, responsive release mechanisms, cellular infiltration, and cellular signaling. Synthetic polymers are easily customizable, and are capable of balancing matrix retention with cellular infiltration. Natural polymers contain inherent biorecognizable motifs adding therapeutic efficacy to the incorporated viral vector. Recombinant polymers use highly conserved motifs to carefully engineer matrices, allowing for precise design including elements of vector retention and responsive release mechanisms. Composite polymer systems provide opportunities to create matrices with unique properties. Carefully designed matrices can control spatiotemporal release patterns that synergize with approaches in regenerative medicine and antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Steinhauff
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine , Nano Institute of Utah , 36 South Wasatch Drive , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine , Nano Institute of Utah , 36 South Wasatch Drive , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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Ren Y, Mei L, Zhou L, Guo G. Recent Perspectives in Hot Melt Extrusion-Based Polymeric Formulations for Drug Delivery: Applications and Innovations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:92. [PMID: 30690659 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME), a technology which mixing the advantages of solid dispersion technology and mechanical preparation, is accepted in varied applications in pharmaceutical formulations. When combined with other techniques, such as nanotechnique, three-dimensional printing, and co-extrusion, HME becomes much more multifunctional in the application of drug delivery. While in most cases, polymers employed in HME are responsible for the final property of products. The process of HME together with the selection of materials employed in HME were described briefly. In addition, the applications of HME in drug delivery and its currently status in the pharmaceutical field were also included. Some commercial products produced by HME have met the approval of FDA, indicating the commercial viability of this technique. Although showing great potential in pharmaceutical manufacturing, HME is still challenged by high temperature, shear force, and high input energy. Development of equipment, modifying the parameters, and optimization of polymeric formulations are needed for a safe, effective, and multifunctional hot melt extrusion drug delivery system. Also, wider range of combinations between HME and other techniques may provide guideline for developing multiple applications in drug delivery.
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Lee PW, Pokorski JK. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) devices: Production and applications for sustained protein delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1516. [PMID: 29536634 PMCID: PMC6136991 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injectable or implantable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) devices for the sustained delivery of proteins have been widely studied and utilized to overcome the necessity of repeated administrations for therapeutic proteins due to poor pharmacokinetic profiles of macromolecular therapies. These devices can come in the form of microparticles, implants, or patches depending on the disease state and route of administration. Furthermore, the release rate can be tuned from weeks to months by controlling the polymer composition, geometry of the device, or introducing additives during device fabrication. Slow-release devices have become a very powerful tool for modern medicine. Production of these devices has initially focused on emulsion-based methods, relying on phase separation to encapsulate proteins within polymeric microparticles. Process parameters and the effect of additives have been thoroughly researched to ensure protein stability during device manufacturing and to control the release profile. Continuous fluidic production methods have also been utilized to create protein-laden PLGA devices through spray drying and electrospray production. Thermal processing of PLGA with solid proteins is an emerging production method that allows for continuous, high-throughput manufacturing of PLGA/protein devices. Overall, polymeric materials for protein delivery remain an emerging field of research for the creation of single administration treatments for a wide variety of disease. This review describes, in detail, methods to make PLGA devices, comparing traditional emulsion-based methods to emerging methods to fabricate protein-laden devices. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W. Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Welch RP, Lee H, Luzuriaga MA, Brohlin OR, Gassensmith JJ. Protein–Polymer Delivery: Chemistry from the Cold Chain to the Clinic. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2867-2883. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Chiu YH, Chen MC, Wan SW. Sodium Hyaluronate/Chitosan Composite Microneedles as a Single-Dose Intradermal Immunization System. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2278-2285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Mei-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan 840
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