1
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Fratus M, Alam MA. Theory of nanostructured sensors integrated in/on microneedles for diagnostics and therapy. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116238. [PMID: 38579625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Efficient real-time diagnostics and on-demand drug delivery are essential components in modern healthcare, especially for managing chronic diseases. The lack of a rapid and effective sensing and therapeutic system can result in analyte level deviations, leading to severe complications. Minimally invasive microneedle (MN)-based patches integrating nanostructures (NSs) in their volume or on their surface have emerged as a biocompatible technology for delay-free analyte sensing and therapy. However, a quantitative relationship for the signal response in NS-assisted reactions remains elusive. Existing generalized formalisms are derived for in-vitro applications, raising questions about their direct applicability to in-situ wearable sensors. In this study, we apply the reaction-diffusion theory to establish a generalized physics-guided framework for NS-in-MN platforms in wearable applications. The model relates the signal response to analyte concentration, incorporating geometric, physical, and catalytic platform properties. Approximating the model under NS (binding or catalytic) and environmental (mass transport) limitations, we validate it against numerical simulations and various experimental results from diverse conditions - analyte sensing (glucose, lactic acid, pyocyanin, miRNA, etc.) in artificial and in-vivo environments (humans, mice, pigs, plants, etc.) through electrochemical and optical/colorimetric, enzymatic and non-enzymatic platforms. The results plotted in the scaled response show that (a) NS-limited platforms exhibit a linear dependence, (b) Mass transport-limited platforms saturate to 1, (c) a one-to-one mapping against traditional sensitivity plots unifies the scattered data points reported in literature. The universality of the model provides insightful perspectives for the design and optimization of MN-based sensing technologies, with potential extensions to dissolvable MNs as part of analyte-responsive closed-loop therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fratus
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, Indiana, USA.
| | - Muhammad A Alam
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, Indiana, USA.
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2
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Meng Q, Wang Y, Long Y, Wang Q, Gao Y, Tian J, Wu C, Xie B. The NDM-1 biosensor rapidly and accurately detected antibiotic plasma concentrations in Cefuroxime-treated patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024:107229. [PMID: 38823493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients may benefit dose optimization, thus improving therapeutic outcomes. However, rapidly and accurately detecting these antibiotics in blood remains a challenge. Our research group recently developed a thermometric biosensor called the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) biosensor, which detected multiple classes of β-lactam antibiotics in spiked plasma samples. This study assesses the NDM-1 biosensor's effectiveness in detecting plasma concentrations of β-lactam antibiotic in treated patients. Seven patients receiving Cefuroxime were studied. Plasma samples collected pre- and post-antibiotic treatment were analyzed using the NDM-1 biosensor and compared with liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The biosensor detected plasma samples without dilution, and a brief pre-treatment using a PVDF filter significantly lowered matrix effects, reducing the running time to 5-8 minutes per sample. The assay's linear range for Cefuroxime (6.25 to 200 mg/L) covered target concentrations during the trough phase of pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. The pharmacokinetic properties of Cefuroxime in treated patients determined by the NDM-1 biosensor and the UPLC-MS/MS were comparable, and the Cefuroxime plasma concentrations measured by the two methods showed a statistically good consistency. These data demonstrate that the NDM-1 biosensor assay is a fast, sensitive, and accurate method for detecting Cefuroximeplasma concentration in treated patients and highlights the NDM-1 biosensor as a promising tool for on-site TDM of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglai Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yali Long
- Hospital of Shanxi University, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents༲esearch and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yajing Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents༲esearch and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Bin Xie
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Pei S, Babity S, Sara Cordeiro A, Brambilla D. Integrating microneedles and sensing strategies for diagnostic and monitoring applications: The state of the art. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115341. [PMID: 38797317 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) offer minimally-invasive access to interstitial fluid (ISF) - a potent alternative to blood in terms of monitoring physiological analytes. This property is particularly advantageous for the painless detection and monitoring of drugs and biomolecules. However, the complexity of the skin environment, coupled with the inherent nature of the analytes being detected and the inherent physical properties of MNs, pose challenges when conducting physiological monitoring using this fluid. In this review, we discuss different sensing mechanisms and highlight advancements in monitoring different targets, with a particular focus on drug monitoring. We further list the current challenges facing the field and conclude by discussing aspects of MN design which serve to enhance their performance when monitoring different classes of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Pei
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Samuel Babity
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ana Sara Cordeiro
- Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom.
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Huang XS, Huang S, Zheng ST, Liang BM, Zhang T, Yue W, Liu FM, Shi P, Xie X, Chen HJ. Fabrication of Multiple-Channel Electrochemical Microneedle Electrode Array via Separated Functionalization and Assembly Method. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:243. [PMID: 38785717 PMCID: PMC11118220 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of physiological indicators inside the body is pivotal for contemporary diagnostics and treatments. Implantable electrodes can not only track specific biomarkers but also facilitate therapeutic interventions. By modifying biometric components, implantable electrodes enable in situ metabolite detection in living tissues, notably beneficial in invasive glucose monitoring, which effectively alleviates the self-blood-glucose-managing burden for patients. However, the development of implantable electrochemical electrodes, especially multi-channel sensing devices, still faces challenges: (1) The complexity of direct preparation hinders functionalized or multi-parameter sensing on a small scale. (2) The fine structure of individual electrodes results in low spatial resolution for sensor functionalization. (3) There is limited conductivity due to simple device structures and weakly conductive electrode materials (such as silicon or polymers). To address these challenges, we developed multiple-channel electrochemical microneedle electrode arrays (MCEMEAs) via a separated functionalization and assembly process. Two-dimensional microneedle (2dMN)-based and one-dimensional microneedle (1dMN)-based electrodes were prepared by laser patterning, which were then modified as sensing electrodes by electrochemical deposition and glucose oxidase decoration to achieve separated functionalization and reduce mutual interference. The electrodes were then assembled into 2dMN- and 1dMN-based multi-channel electrochemical arrays (MCEAs), respectively, to avoid damaging functionalized coatings. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the as-prepared MCEAs exhibit excellent transdermal capability, detection sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility, which was capable of real-time, in situ glucose concentration monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Shan-Tao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Bao-Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Wan Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Fan-Mao Liu
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
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Jia B, Xia T, Wang X, Xu Y, Li B. Investigation of biosensing properties in magnetron sputtered metallized UV-curable polymer microneedle electrodes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1008-1030. [PMID: 38386313 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2314360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Direct management and assessment of metal film properties applied to polymer microneedle (MN) biosensors remains difficult due to constraints inherent to their morphology. By simplifying the three-dimensional structure of MNs and adjusting the deposition time, different thicknesses of Au films were deposited on the UV-cured polymer planar and MN substrates. Several properties relevant to the biosensing of the Au films grown on the polymer surfaces were investigated. The results demonstrate the successful deposition of pure and stable Au nanoparticles onto the surface of UV-curable polymer materials. Initially, Au islands formed within the first minute of deposition; however, as the sputtering time extended, these islands transformed into Au nanoparticle films and disappeared. The hydrophilicity of the surface remains unchanged, while the surface resistance of the thin film decreases with increasing thickness, and the adhesion to the substrate decreases as the thickness increases. In short, a sputtering time of 5-6 min results in Au films with a thickness of 100-200 nm, which exhibit exceptional comprehensive biosensing performance. Additionally, MNs made of Au/UV-curable polymers and produced using magnetron sputtering maintain their original shape, enhance their mechanical characteristics, and gain new functionalities. The Au/UV-curable polymer MNs exhibited remarkable electrode performance despite being soaked in a 37 °C PBS solution for 14 days. These discoveries have important implications in terms of decreasing the dependence on valuable metals in MN biosensors, lowering production expenses, and providing guidance for the choice and design of materials for UV-curable polymer MN metallization films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal under the Province and the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiandong Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal under the Province and the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangtao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal under the Province and the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang C, Luo X, Yang L, Cui Y. Wearable filamentary continuous sensor for interstitial glucose detection in diabetes management. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1290:342169. [PMID: 38246737 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel diabetes monitoring sensors is important for the diabetes management of millions of diabetic patients. This work reports a flexible filamentary continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor. A multilayer CGM sensor has been constructed on titanium filament with low cost and ease of use. The sensor, made of flexible material, offers better adaptability and comfort than traditional rigid filament CGM sensors, allowing continuous monitoring of subcutaneous blood glucose levels to provide patients with treatment strategies. The performance and reliability of the sensor were verified through rat experiments. The trend of the increase and decrease of the detected current was generally consistent with the actual blood glucose, and the detected values were located in regions A and B of the Clarke error grid. The results show that the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, high accuracy and fast response speed, which is suitable for monitoring the blood glucose level for a long time and has a broad application prospect in diabetes monitoring, exercise monitoring, health management and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Yue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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7
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Wang X, Wang Z, Xiao M, Li Z, Zhu Z. Advances in biomedical systems based on microneedles: design, fabrication, and application. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:530-563. [PMID: 37971423 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01551c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices have become prevalent in biomedical studies due to their convenient portability and potential utility in biomarker monitoring for healthcare. Accessing interstitial fluid (ISF) across the skin barrier, microneedle (MN) is a promising minimally invasive wearable technology for transdermal sensing and drug delivery. MN has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional transdermal drug administration, making it another prospective mode of drug delivery after oral and injectable. Subsequently, combining MN with multiple sensing approaches has led to its extensive application to detect biomarkers in ISF. In this context, employing MN platforms and control schemes to merge diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into theranostic systems will facilitate on-demand therapy and point-of-care diagnostics, paving the way for future MN technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the growing advances of microneedles in biomedical systems is presented in this review to summarize the latest studies for academics in the field and to offer for reference the issues that need to be addressed in MN application for healthcare. Covering an array of novel studies, we discuss the following main topics: classification of microneedles in the biomedical field, considerations of MN design, current applications of microneedles in diagnosis and therapy, and the regulatory landscape and prospects of microneedles for biomedical applications. This review sheds light on the significance of microneedle-based innovations, presenting an analysis of their potential implications and contributions to the community of wearable healthcare technologies. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the field's current state and potential, making it a valuable resource for academics and clinicians seeking to harness the full potential of MN applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zifeng Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhanhong Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Sun H, Zheng Y, Shi G, Haick H, Zhang M. Wearable Clinic: From Microneedle-Based Sensors to Next-Generation Healthcare Platforms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207539. [PMID: 36950771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of wearable biosensing calls for next-generation devices that allow continuous, real-time, and painless monitoring of health status along with responsive medical treatment. Microneedles have exhibited great potential for the direct access of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) in a minimally invasive manner. Recent studies of microneedle-based devices have evolved from conventional off-line detection to multiplexed, wireless, and integrated sensing. In this review, the classification and fabrication techniques of microneedles are first introduced, and then the representative examples of microneedles for transdermal monitoring with different sensing modalities are summarized. State-of-the-art advances in therapeutic and closed-loop systems are presented to formulate guidelines for the development of next-generation microneedle-based healthcare platforms. The potential challenges and prospects are discussed to pave a new avenue toward pragmatic applications in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 320003, Israel
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 320003, Israel
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Wang Q, Li S, Chen J, Yang L, Qiu Y, Du Q, Wang C, Teng M, Wang T, Dong Y. A novel strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring: application of biosensors to quantify antimicrobials in biological matrices. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2612-2629. [PMID: 37791382 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has gained practical significance in antimicrobial precision therapy. Yet two categories of mainstream TDM techniques (chromatographic analysis and immunoassays) that are widely adopted nowadays retain certain inherent limitations. The use of biosensors, an innovative strategy for rapid evaluation of antimicrobial concentrations in biological samples, enables the implementation of point-of-care testing (POCT) and continuous monitoring, which may circumvent the constraints of conventional TDM and provide strong technological support for individualized antimicrobial treatment. This comprehensive review summarizes the investigations that have harnessed biosensors to detect antimicrobial drugs in biological matrices, provides insights into the performance and characteristics of each sensing form, and explores the feasibility of translating them into clinical practice. Furthermore, the future trends and obstacles to achieving POCT and continuous monitoring are discussed. More efforts are necessary to address the four key 'appropriateness' challenges to deploy biosensors in clinical practice, paving the way for personalized antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sihan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Luting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chuhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mengmeng Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Zhuang Q, Guo H, Peng T, Ding E, Zhao H, Liu Q, He S, Zhao G. Advances in the detection of β-lactamase: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126159. [PMID: 37549760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
β-lactamase, an enzyme secreted by bacteria, is the main resistant mechanism of Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics. The resistance of bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics can be evaluated by testing the activity of β-lactamase. Traditional phenotypic detection is a golden principle, but it is time-consuming. In recent years, many new methods have emerged, which improve the efficiency by virtue of their sensitivity, low cost, easy operation, and other advantages. In this paper, we systematically review these researches and emphasize their limits of detection, sample operation, and test duration. Noteworthily, some detection systems can identify the β-lactamase subtype conveniently. We mainly divide these tests into three categories to elaborate their characteristics and application status. Both advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Additionally, we analyze the recent 5 years published researches to predict the trend of development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Tian Peng
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Enjie Ding
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Qiulan Liu
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shiyin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Guojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Xu K, Weng J, Li J, Chen X. Advances in Intelligent Stimuli-Responsive Microneedle for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300014. [PMID: 37055877 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are a new type of drug delivery method that can be regarded as an alternative to traditional transdermal drug delivery systems. Recently, MNs have attracted widespread attention for their advantages of effectiveness, safety, and painlessness. However, the functionality of traditional MNs is too monotonous and limits their application. To improve the efficiency of disease treatment and diagnosis by combining the advantages of MNs, the concept of intelligent stimulus-responsive MNs is proposed. Intelligent stimuli-responsive MNs can exhibit unique biomedical functions according to the internal and external environment changes. This review discusses the classification and principles of intelligent stimuli-responsive MNs, such as magnet, temperature, light, electricity, reactive oxygen species, pH, glucose, and protein. This review also highlights examples of intelligent stimuli-responsive MNs for biomedical applications, such as on-demand drug delivery, tissue repair, bioimaging, detection and monitoring, and photothermal therapy. These intelligent stimuli-responsive MNs offer the advantages of high biocompatibility, targeted therapy, selective detection, and precision treatment. Finally, the prospects and challenges for the application of intelligent stimuli-responsive MNs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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12
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Zheng M, Zhang Y, Hu T, Xu C. A skin patch integrating swellable microneedles and electrochemical test strips for glucose and alcohol measurement in skin interstitial fluid. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10413. [PMID: 37693058 PMCID: PMC10487322 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedle (MN)-based diagnostic devices can efficiently access skin interstitial fluid (ISF) for accurate and minimally invasive detection of health-related biomarkers. This work reports a biomarker (i.e., glucose or alcohol) monitoring MN device that is composed of swellable MNs and electrochemical test strip. This device is constructed by adhering MN patch on the electrochemical strips using the chitosan as the connecting layer. The MNs penetrate the skin for extraction of ISF that flows to the backing layer of MNs and is analyzed by the test strip. In the in vitro skin models, this device accurately detects the glucose from 0 mM to 12 mM and alcohol from 0 mM to 20 mM. In vivo experiment shows this MN device is capable of minimally invasive sampling of ISF and analysis of glucose levels to determine the glycemic status of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zheng
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuyue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tianli Hu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARPeople's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang J, Li H, Albakr L, Zhang Y, Lu A, Chen W, Shao T, Zhu L, Yuan H, Yang G, Wheate NJ, Kang L, Wu C. Microneedle-enabled therapeutics delivery and biosensing in clinical trials. J Control Release 2023; 360:687-704. [PMID: 37442203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are micron-sized protrusions attached to a range of devices that are used in therapeutic delivery and diagnosis. Because MNs can be self-applied, are painless, and can carry multiple therapeutic agents, they have received extensive attention, and have been widely investigated, for local and systemic therapy. Many researchers are currently working to extend the use of MNs to clinical applications. In this review, we provide an update and analysis on MN-based clinical trials since their inception in 2007. The MNs in clinical trials are classified into five types based on their appearance and properties, including: hollow MNs, MN patches, radiofrequency MNs, MN rollers, and other MNs. The various aspects of MN trials are summarized, such as MN types, clinical trial time, and trial regions. This review aims to present an overview of MN development and provide insights for future research in this field. To our knowledge, this is the first review focused on MN clinical trials which showcases the latest applications of this advanced technology in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lamyaa Albakr
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aiyu Lu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Shao
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luying Zhu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- KPC Pharmaceuticals Inc., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Gongjun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Nial J Wheate
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Chungyong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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14
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Garg M, Jain N, Kaul S, Rai VK, Nagaich U. Recent advancements in the expedition of microneedles: from lab worktops to diagnostic care centers. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:301. [PMID: 37464230 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology plays a significant role in bioengineering as it allows for minimally invasive exposure to the skin via the non-invasive procedure, increased drug permeability, and improved biological molecule detectability in the epidermal layers, all while improving therapeutic safety and effectiveness. However, MNs have several significant drawbacks, including difficulty scaling up, variability in drug delivery pattern regarding the skin's external environment, blockage of dermal tissues, induction of inflammatory response at the administration site, and limitation of dosing based on the molecular weight of drug and size. Despite these drawbacks, MNs have emerged as a special transdermal theranostics instrument in clinical research to assess physiological parameters. Bioimaging technology relies on microneedles that can measure particular analytes in the extracellular fluid effectively by crossing the stratum corneum, making them "a unique tool in diagnostics detection and therapeutic application inside the body." This review article discusses the recent advances in the applications especially related to the diagnostics and toxicity challenges of microneedles. In addition, this review article discusses the clinical state and commercial accessibility of microneedle technology-based devices in order to provide new information to scientists and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Shreya Kaul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'o' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
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15
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Liu Y, Li J, Xiao S, Liu Y, Bai M, Gong L, Zhao J, Chen D. Revolutionizing Precision Medicine: Exploring Wearable Sensors for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Personalized Therapy. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:726. [PMID: 37504123 PMCID: PMC10377150 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine, particularly therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), is essential for optimizing drug dosage and minimizing toxicity. However, current TDM methods have limitations, including the need for skilled operators, patient discomfort, and the inability to monitor dynamic drug level changes. In recent years, wearable sensors have emerged as a promising solution for drug monitoring. These sensors offer real-time and continuous measurement of drug concentrations in biofluids, enabling personalized medicine and reducing the risk of toxicity. This review provides an overview of drugs detectable by wearable sensors and explores biosensing technologies that can enable drug monitoring in the future. It presents a comparative analysis of multiple biosensing technologies and evaluates their strengths and limitations for integration into wearable detection systems. The promising capabilities of wearable sensors for real-time and continuous drug monitoring offer revolutionary advancements in diagnostic tools, supporting personalized medicine and optimal therapeutic effects. Wearable sensors are poised to become essential components of healthcare systems, catering to the diverse needs of patients and reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Junmin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shenghao Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mingxia Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lixiu Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dajing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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16
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Tovar-Lopez FJ. Recent Progress in Micro- and Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5406. [PMID: 37420577 DOI: 10.3390/s23125406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety. Despite notable progress, numerous challenges persist. This review article addresses recent developments in micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors for biomedical and environmental challenges, focusing on enhancing basic sensing techniques through micro/nanotechnology. Additionally, it explores the applications of these sensors in addressing current challenges in both biomedical and environmental domains. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to expand the detection capabilities of sensors/devices, enhance sensitivity and selectivity, integrate wireless communication and energy-harvesting technologies, and optimize sample preparation, material selection, and automated components for sensor design, fabrication, and characterization.
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17
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Zeng Q, Xu M, Hu W, Cao W, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ma T. Porous Colorimetric Microneedles for Minimally Invasive Rapid Glucose Sampling and Sensing in Skin Interstitial Fluid. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050537. [PMID: 37232898 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Though monitoring blood glucose (BG) is indispensable for regulating diabetes, the frequent pricking of the finger by the commonly used fingertip blood collection causes discomfort and poses an infection risk. Since glucose levels in skin interstitial fluid (ISF) correlate with blood glucose levels, monitoring glucose in the skin ISF can be a viable alternative. With this rationale, the present study developed a biocompatible porous microneedle capable of rapid sampling, sensing, and glucose analysis in ISF in a minimally invasive manner, which can improve patient compliance and detection efficiency. The microneedles contain glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and a colorimetric sensing layer containing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is on the back of the microneedles. After penetrating rat skin, porous microneedles harvest ISF rapidly and smoothly via capillary action, triggering the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from glucose. In the presence of H2O2, HRP reacts with TMB contained in the filter paper on the back of microneedles, causing an easily visible color shift. Further, a smartphone analysis of the images quickly quantifies glucose levels in the 50-400 mg/dL range using the correlation between color intensity and glucose concentration. The developed microneedle-based sensing technique with minimally invasive sampling will have great implications for point-of-care clinical diagnosis and diabetic health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Weilun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Wenyu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yujie Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
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18
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Ashton R, Silver CD, Bird TW, Coulson B, Pratt A, Johnson S. Enhancing the repeatability and sensitivity of low-cost PCB, pH-sensitive field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115150. [PMID: 36821993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Discrete, extended gate pH-sensitive field-effect transistors (dEGFETs) fabricated on printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a low-cost, simple to manufacture analytical technology that can be applied to a wide range of applications. Electrodeposited iridium oxide (IrOx) films have emerged as promising pH-sensitive layers owing to their theoretically high pH sensitivity and facile deposition, but typically exhibit low pH sensitivity or lack reproducibility. Moreover, to date, a combined IrOx and dEGFET PCB system has not yet been realised. In this study, we demonstrate a dEGFET pH sensor based on an extended gate manufactured on PCB that is rendered pH sensitive through an electrodeposited IrOx film, which can reliably and repeatably display beyond-Nernstian pH response. Using a combination of complementary surface analysis techniques, we show that the high pH sensitivity and repeatability of the dEGFETs are dependent on both the chemical composition and critically the uniformity of the IrOx film. The IrOx film uniformity can be enhanced through electrochemical polishing of the extended gate electrode prior to electrodeposition, leading to dEGFETs that exhibit a median pH sensitivity of 70.7 ± 5 mV/pH (n = 56) compared to only 31.3 ± 14 mV/pH (n = 31) for IrOx electrodeposited on non-polished PCB electrodes. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of these devices by demonstrating the detection and quantification of ampicillin due to β-Lactamase enzyme activity, thus laying the foundation for cheap and ubiquitous sensors which can be applied to a range of global challenges across healthcare and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Ashton
- School of Physics, Engineering & Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Callum D Silver
- School of Physics, Engineering & Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Toby W Bird
- School of Physics, Engineering & Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Ben Coulson
- School of Physics, Engineering & Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Andrew Pratt
- School of Physics, Engineering & Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Steven Johnson
- School of Physics, Engineering & Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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19
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Keirouz A, Mustafa YL, Turner JG, Lay E, Jungwirth U, Marken F, Leese HS. Conductive Polymer-Coated 3D Printed Microneedles: Biocompatible Platforms for Minimally Invasive Biosensing Interfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206301. [PMID: 36596657 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays as biointerface materials show promise for the minimally invasive monitoring of analytes in biodevices and wearables. There is increasing interest in microneedles as electrodes for biosensing, but efforts have been limited to metallic substrates, which lack biological stability and are associated with high manufacturing costs and laborious fabrication methods, which create translational barriers. In this work, additive manufacturing, which provides the user with design flexibility and upscale manufacturing, is employed to fabricate acrylic-based microneedle devices. These microneedle devices are used as platforms to produce intrinsically-conductive, polymer-based surfaces based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). These entirely polymer-based solid microneedle arrays act as dry conductive electrodes while omitting the requirement of a metallic seed layer. Two distinct coating methods of 3D-printed solid microneedles, in situ polymerization and drop casting, enable conductive functionality. The microneedle arrays penetrate ex vivo porcine skin grafts without compromising conductivity or microneedle morphology and demonstrate coating durability over multiple penetration cycles. The non-cytotoxic nature of the conductive microneedles is evaluated using human fibroblast cells. The proposed fabrication strategy offers a compelling approach to manufacturing polymer-based conductive microneedle surfaces that can be further exploited as platforms for biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Keirouz
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yasemin L Mustafa
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joseph G Turner
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Emily Lay
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hannah S Leese
- Materials for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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20
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Freeman DME, Ming DK, Wilson R, Herzog PL, Schulz C, Felice AKG, Chen YC, O’Hare D, Holmes AH, Cass AEG. Continuous Measurement of Lactate Concentration in Human Subjects through Direct Electron Transfer from Enzymes to Microneedle Electrodes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1639-1647. [PMID: 36967522 PMCID: PMC10152478 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle lactate sensors may be used to continuously measure lactate concentration in the interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive and pain-free manner. First- and second-generation enzymatic sensors produce a redox-active product that is electrochemically sensed at the electrode surface. Direct electron transfer enzymes produce electrons directly as the product of enzymatic action; in this study, a direct electron transfer enzyme specific to lactate has been immobilized onto a microneedle surface to create lactate-sensing devices that function at low applied voltages (0.2 V). These devices have been validated in a small study of human volunteers; lactate concentrations were raised and lowered through physical exercise and subsequent rest. Lactazyme microneedle devices show good agreement with concurrently obtained and analyzed serum lactate levels.
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21
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Kim ER, Joe C, Mitchell RJ, Gu MB. Biosensors for healthcare: current and future perspectives. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:374-395. [PMID: 36567185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are utilized in several different fields, including medicine, food, and the environment; in this review, we examine recent developments in biosensors for healthcare. These involve three distinct types of biosensor: biosensors for in vitro diagnosis with blood, saliva, or urine samples; continuous monitoring biosensors (CMBs); and wearable biosensors. Biosensors for in vitro diagnosis have seen a significant expansion recently, with newly reported clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas methodologies and improvements to many established integrated biosensor devices, including lateral flow assays (LFAs) and microfluidic/electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (μPADs/ePADs). We conclude with a discussion of two novel groups of biosensors that have drawn great attention recently, continuous monitoring and wearable biosensors, as well as with perspectives on the commercialization and future of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ryung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheulmin Joe
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Bock Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Ruiz-Ramos J, Gras-Martín L, Ramírez P. Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Critical Care: Adjusting the Dose in Extracorporeal Circulation and to Prevent the Genesis of Multiresistant Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030475. [PMID: 36978342 PMCID: PMC10044431 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients suffering from severe infections are prone to pathophysiological pharmacokinetic changes that are frequently associated with inadequate antibiotic serum concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the causative pathogens tend to be higher in intensive care units. Both pharmacokinetic changes and high antibiotic resistance likely jeopardize the efficacy of treatment. The use of extracorporeal circulation devices to support hemodynamic, respiratory, or renal failure enables pharmacokinetic changes and makes it even more difficult to achieve an adequate antibiotic dose. Besides a clinical response, antibiotic pharmacokinetic optimization is important to reduce the selection of strains resistant to common antibiotics. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge regarding pharmacokinetic changes in critically ill patients and we discuss the effects of extra-corporeal devices on antibiotic treatment together with potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Ruiz-Ramos
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Gras-Martín
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Ramírez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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23
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Dervisevic M, Dervisevic E, Esser L, Easton CD, Cadarso VJ, Voelcker NH. Wearable microneedle array-based sensor for transdermal monitoring of pH levels in interstitial fluid. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114955. [PMID: 36462430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle-based wearable sensors offer an alternative approach to traditional invasive blood-based health monitoring and disease diagnostics techniques. Instead of blood, microneedle-based sensors target the skin interstitial fluid (ISF), in which the biomarker type and concentration profile resemble the one found in the blood. However, unlike blood, interstitial fluid does not have the same pH-buffering capacity causing deviation of pH levels from the physiological range. Information about the skin ISF pH levels can be used as a biomarker for a wide range of pathophysiological conditions and as a marker for the calibration of a wearable sensor. The ISF pH can significantly affect the detection accuracy of other biomarkers as it influences enzyme activity, aptamer affinity, and antibody-antigen interaction. Herein, we report the fabrication of a high-density polymeric microneedle array-based (PMNA) sensing patch and its optimization for the potentiometric transdermal monitoring of pH levels in ISF. The wearable sensor utilizes a polyaniline-coated PMNA having a density of ∼10,000 microneedles per cm2, containing individual microneedles with a height of ∼250 μm, and a tip diameter of ∼2 μm. To prevent interference from other body fluids like sweat, an insulating layer is deposited at the base of the PMNA. The wearable pH sensor operates from pH 4.0 to 8.6 with a sensitivity of 62.9 mV per pH unit and an accuracy of ±0.036 pH units. Furthermore, testing on a mouse demonstrates the ability of the PMNA to provide a real-time reading of the transdermal pH values. This microneedle-based system will significantly contribute to advancing transdermal wearable sensors technology, simplifying the fabrication process, and improving the cost-effectiveness of such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muamer Dervisevic
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Esma Dervisevic
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building, 20 Research Way, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Lars Esser
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher D Easton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Room 227, New Horizons Building, 20 Research Way, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
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24
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Ma S, Li J, Pei L, Feng N, Zhang Y. Microneedle-based interstitial fluid extraction for drug analysis: Advances, challenges, and prospects. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:111-126. [PMID: 36908860 PMCID: PMC9999301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to blood, interstitial fluid (ISF) contains exogenous drugs and biomarkers and may therefore substitute blood in drug analysis. However, current ISF extraction techniques require bulky instruments and are both time-consuming and complicated, which has inspired the development of viable alternatives such as those relying on skin or tissue puncturing with microneedles. Currently, microneedles are widely employed for transdermal drug delivery and have been successfully used for ISF extraction by different mechanisms to facilitate subsequent analysis. The integration of microneedles with sensors enables in situ ISF analysis and specific compound monitoring, while the integration of monitoring and delivery functions in wearable devices allows real-time dose modification. Herein, we review the progress in drug analysis based on microneedle-assisted ISF extraction and discuss the related future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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25
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Chamorro-Garcia A, Gerson J, Flatebo C, Fetter L, Downs AM, Emmons N, Ennis HL, Milosavić N, Yang K, Stojanovic M, Ricci F, Kippin TE, Plaxco KW. Real-Time, Seconds-Resolved Measurements of Plasma Methotrexate In Situ in the Living Body. ACS Sens 2023; 8:150-157. [PMID: 36534756 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dose-limiting toxicity and significant patient-to-patient pharmacokinetic variability often render it difficult to achieve the safe and effective dosing of drugs. This is further compounded by the slow, cumbersome nature of the analytical methods used to monitor patient-specific pharmacokinetics, which inevitably rely on blood draws followed by post-facto laboratory analysis. Motivated by the pressing need for improved "therapeutic drug monitoring", we are developing electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors, a minimally invasive biosensor architecture that can provide real-time, seconds-resolved measurements of drug levels in situ in the living body. A key advantage of EAB sensors is that they are generalizable to the detection of a wide range of therapeutic agents because they are independent of the chemical or enzymatic reactivity of their targets. Three of the four therapeutic drug classes that have, to date, been shown measurable using in vivo EAB sensors, however, bind to nucleic acids as part of their mode of action, leaving open questions regarding the extent to which the approach can be generalized to therapeutics that do not. Here, we demonstrate real-time, in vivo measurements of plasma methotrexate, an antimetabolite (a mode of action not reliant on DNA binding) chemotherapeutic, following human-relevant dosing in a live rat animal model. By providing hundreds of drug concentration values, the resulting seconds-resolved measurements succeed in defining key pharmacokinetic parameters, including the drug's elimination rate, peak plasma concentration, and exposure (area under the curve), with unprecedented 5 to 10% precision. With this level of precision, we easily identify significant (>2-fold) differences in drug exposure occurring between even healthy rats given the same mass-adjusted methotrexate dose. By providing a real-time, seconds-resolved window into methotrexate pharmacokinetics, such measurements can be used to precisely "individualize" the dosing of this significantly toxic yet vitally important chemotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Julian Gerson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Charlotte Flatebo
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lisa Fetter
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alex M Downs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nicole Emmons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Herbert L Ennis
- Center for Innovative Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches, Department of Medicine, Columbia University New York, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Nenad Milosavić
- Center for Innovative Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches, Department of Medicine, Columbia University New York, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Kyungae Yang
- Center for Innovative Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches, Department of Medicine, Columbia University New York, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Milan Stojanovic
- Center for Innovative Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches, Department of Medicine, Columbia University New York, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems Biology, Columbia University New York, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Biological Engineering Graduate Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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26
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Tackling the challenges of developing microneedle-based electrochemical sensors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Herrero P, Wilson RC, Armiger R, Roberts JA, Holmes A, Georgiou P, Rawson TM. Closed-loop control of continuous piperacillin delivery: An in silico study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1015389. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Sub-therapeutic dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically-ill patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes and may promote the emergence of drug-resistant infections. In this paper, an in silico investigation of whether closed-loop control can improve pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) target attainment is described.Method: An in silico platform was developed using PK data from 20 critically-ill patients receiving piperacillin-tazobactam where serum and tissue interstitial fluid (ISF) PK were defined. Intra-day variability on renal clearance, ISF sensor error, and infusion constraints were taken into account. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control was selected for drug delivery modulation. Dose adjustment was made based on ISF sensor data with a 30-min sampling period, targeting a serum piperacillin concentration between 32 and 64 mg/L. A single tuning parameter set was employed across the virtual population. The PID controller was compared to standard therapy, including bolus and continuous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam.Results: Despite significant inter-subject and simulated intra-day PK variability and sensor error, PID demonstrated a significant improvement in target attainment compared to traditional bolus and continuous infusion approaches.Conclusion: A PID controller driven by ISF drug concentration measurements has the potential to precisely deliver piperacillin-tazobactam in critically-ill patients undergoing treatment for sepsis.
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28
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Arkell P, Wilson R, Watkins K, Antcliffe DB, Gilchrist M, Wilson M, Rawson TM, Holmes A. Application of therapeutic drug monitoring to the treatment of bacterial central nervous system infection: a scoping review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3408-3413. [PMID: 36227686 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial central nervous system (CNS) infection is challenging to treat and carries high risk of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Low CNS penetration of antibiotics may contribute to poor clinical outcomes from bacterial CNS infections. The current application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to management of bacterial CNS infection was reviewed. METHODS Studies were included if they described adults treated for a suspected/confirmed bacterial CNS infection and had antibiotic drug concentration(s) determined that affected individual treatment. RESULTS One-hundred-and-thirty-six citations were retrieved. Seventeen manuscripts were included describing management of 68 patients. TDM for vancomycin (58/68) and the beta-lactams (29/68) was most common. Timing of clinical sampling varied widely between studies and across different antibiotics. Methods for setting individual PK-PD targets, determining parameters and making treatment changes varied widely and were sometimes unclear. DISCUSSION Despite increasing observational data showing low CNS penetration of various antibiotics, there are few clinical studies describing practical implementation of TDM in management of CNS infection. Lack of consensus around clinically relevant CSF PK-PD targets and protocols for dose-adjustment may contribute. Standardised investigation of TDM as a tool to improve treatment is required, especially as innovative drug concentration-sensing and PK-PD modelling technologies are emerging. Data generated at different centres offering TDM should be open access and aggregated to enrich understanding and optimize application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Arkell
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, UK
| | - Richard Wilson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Killian Watkins
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, UK
| | - David B Antcliffe
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.,Division of Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Gilchrist
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Timothy M Rawson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, UK
| | - Alison Holmes
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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29
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Kim Y, Min HS, Shin J, Nam J, Kang G, Sim J, Yang H, Jung H. Film-trigger applicator (FTA) for improved skin penetration of microneedle using punching force of carboxymethyl cellulose film acting as a microneedle applicator. Biomater Res 2022; 26:53. [PMID: 36199121 PMCID: PMC9533547 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dissolving microneedle (DMN) is a transdermal drug delivery system that creates pore in the skin and directly deliver drug through the pore channel. DMN is considered as one of the promising system alternatives to injection because it is minimally invasive and free from needle-related issues. However, traditional DMN patch system has limitations of incomplete insertion and need of complex external devices. Here, we designed film-trigger applicator (FTA) system that successfully delivered DMN inside the skin layers using fracture energy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film via micropillars. We highlighted advantages of FTA system in DMN delivery compared with DMN patch, including that the film itself can act as DMN applicator. Methods FTA system consists of DMNs fabricated on the CMC film, DMN array holder having holes aligned to DMN array, and micropillars prepared using general purpose polystyrene. We analyzed punching force on the film by micropillars until the film puncture point at different CMC film concentrations and micropillar diameters. We also compared drug delivery efficiency using rhodamine B fluorescence diffusion and skin penetration using optical coherence tomography (OCT) of FTA with those of conventional DMN patch. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate DMN delivery efficiency using C57BL/6 mice and insulin as a model drug. Results FTA system showed enhanced delivery efficiency compared with that of the existing DMN patch system. We concluded CMC film as a successful DMN applicator as it showed enhanced DMN penetration in OCT and rhodamine B diffusion studies. Further, we applied FTA on shaved mouse dorsal skin and observed successful skin penetration. The FTA group showed higher level of plasma insulin in vivo than that of the DMN patch group. Conclusions FTA system consisting of simple polymer film and micropillars showed enhanced DMN delivery than that of the existing DMN patch system. Because FTA works with simple finger force without sticky patch and external devices, FTA is a novel and promising platform to overcome the limitations of conventional microneedle patch delivery system; we suggest FTA as a next generation applicator for microneedle application in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40824-022-00302-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youseong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hye Su Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jeehye Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kang
- Juvic Inc, 208Ho, 272, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeho Sim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Huisuk Yang
- Juvic Inc, 208Ho, 272, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungil Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Juvic Inc, 208Ho, 272, Digital-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Zheng H, GhavamiNejad A, GhavamiNejad P, Samarikhalaj M, Giacca A, Poudineh M. Hydrogel Microneedle-Assisted Assay Integrating Aptamer Probes and Fluorescence Detection for Reagentless Biomarker Quantification. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2387-2399. [PMID: 35866892 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing interstitial fluid (ISF) via microneedle (MN) devices enables patient health monitoring in a minimally invasive manner and in point-of-care settings. However, most MN-based diagnostic approaches require complicated fabrication processes and postprocessing of the extracted ISF or are limited to detection of electrochemically active biomarkers. Here, we show on-needle measurement of target analytes by integrating hydrogel microneedles with aptamer probes as the recognition elements. Fluorescently tagged aptamer probes are chemically attached to the hydrogel matrix using a simple and novel approach, while a cross-linked patch is formed. For reagentless detection, we employ a strand displacement strategy where fluorophore-conjugated aptamers are hybridized with a DNA competitor strand conjugated to a quencher molecule. The assay is utilized for rapid (2 min) measurement of glucose, adenosine triphosphate, l-tyrosinamide, and thrombin ex vivo. Furthermore, the system enables specific and sensitive quantification of rising and falling concentrations of glucose in an animal model of diabetes to track hypoglycemia, euglycemia, and hyperglycemia conditions. Our assay can be applied for rapid measurement of a diverse range of biomarkers, proteins, or small molecules, introducing a generalizable platform for biomolecule quantification, and has the potential to improve the quality of life of patients who are in need of close monitoring of biomarkers of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjia Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Peyman GhavamiNejad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Melisa Samarikhalaj
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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31
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Wang Q, Molinero-Fernandez A, Casanova A, Titulaer J, Campillo-Brocal JC, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Crespo GA, Cuartero M. Intradermal Glycine Detection with a Wearable Microneedle Biosensor: The First In Vivo Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11856-11864. [PMID: 35979995 PMCID: PMC9434558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glycine (GLY) is gaining importance in medical diagnoses
due to
its relationship with multiple physiological functions. Today, GLY
is exclusively analyzed using instrumentation centralized in clinical
labs, and a tangible point-of-care tool that gathers real-time data
from the patient for effective and fast evaluations is lacking. Relevant
clinical advances are expected as soon as the rapid provision of both
punctual and continuous measurements is possible. In that context,
this work presents a microneedle (MN)-based biosensor for intradermal
GLY detection in interstitial fluid (ISF). The MN tip is externally
tailored to detect GLY levels through the hydrogen peroxide formed
in its reaction with a quinoprotein-based GLY oxidase enzyme. The
analytical performance of the MN biosensor indicates a fast response
time (<7 s); acceptable reversibility, reproducibility, and stability;
as well as a wide linear range of response (25–600 μM)
that covers the physiological levels of GLY in ISF. The MN biosensor
conveniently exhibits high selectivity for GLY over other compounds
commonly found in ISF, and the response is not influenced by temperature,
pH, or skin insertions. Validated intradermal measurements of GLY
were obtained at the in vitro (with pieces of rat skin), ex vivo (on-body
tests of euthanized rats) and in vivo (on-body tests of anesthetized
rats) levels, demonstrating its ability to produce accurate physiological
data. The developed GLY MN biosensor is skin-wearable and provides
reliable, real-time intradermal GLY measurements in ISF by means of
a minimally invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agueda Molinero-Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Casanova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joep Titulaer
- Section of Neuropharmacology and Addiction Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan C Campillo-Brocal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Åsa Konradsson-Geuken
- Section of Neuropharmacology and Addiction Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gaston A Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Bocchino A, Teixeira SR, Iadanza S, Melnik E, Kurzhals S, Mutinati GC, O'Mahony C. Development and Characterization of Passivation Methods for Microneedle-based Biosensors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:1275-1278. [PMID: 36086365 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MN) are short, sharp structures that have the ability to painlessly pierce the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, and interface with the dermal interstitial fluid that lies beneath. Because the interstitial fluid is rich in biomarkers, microneedle-based biosensors have the potential to be used in a wide range of diagnostic applications. To act as an electrochemical sensor, the tip or the body of the MN must be functionalized, while the substrate areas are generally passivated to block any unwanted background interference that may occur outside of the skin. This work presents four different passivation techniques, based on the application of SiO2, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), an adhesive film, and varnish to the substrate areas. Optical, SEM and electrochemical measurements were performed to quantitatively assess the performance of each film. The data shows that whilst manual application of varnish provided the highest level of electrical isolation, the spin-coating of a 5 μm thick layer of PMMA is likely to provide the best combination of performance and manufacturability. Clinical Relevance- Substrate passivation techniques will improve the performance of microneedle-based non-invasive continuous monitoring systems.
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33
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Yang J, Yang J, Gong X, Zheng Y, Yi S, Cheng Y, Li Y, Liu B, Xie X, Yi C, Jiang L. Recent Progress in Microneedles-Mediated Diagnosis, Therapy, and Theranostic Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102547. [PMID: 35034429 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic system combined diagnostic and therapeutic modalities is critical for the real-time monitoring of disease-related biomarkers and personalized therapy. Microneedles, as a multifunctional platform, are promising for transdermal diagnostics and drug delivery. They have shown attractive properties including painless skin penetration, easy self-administration, prominent therapeutic effects, and good biosafety. Herein, an overview of the microneedles-based diagnosis, therapies, and theranostic systems is given. Four microneedles-based detection methods are concluded based on the sensing mechanism: i) electrochemistry, ii) fluorometric, iii) colorimetric, and iv) Raman methods. Additionally, robust microneedles are suitable for implantable drug delivery. Microneedles-assisted transdermal drug delivery can be primarily classified as passive, active, and responsive drug release, based on the release mechanisms. Microneedles-assisted oral and implantable drug delivery mechanisms are also presented in this review. Furthermore, the key frontier developments in microneedles-mediated theranostic systems as the major selling points are emphasized in this review. These systems are classified into open-loop and closed-loop theranostic systems based on the indirectness and directness of feedback between the transdermal diagnosis and therapy, respectively. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives for next-generation microneedles-mediated theranostic systems are also discussed. Taken together, microneedle-based systems are promising as the new avenue for diagnosis, therapy, and disease-specific closed-loop theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Xia Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Changqing Yi
- Research Institute of Sun Yat‐Sen University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
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34
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Nazary Abrbekoh F, Salimi L, Saghati S, Amini H, Fathi Karkan S, Moharamzadeh K, Sokullu E, Rahbarghazi R. Application of microneedle patches for drug delivery; doorstep to novel therapies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221085390. [PMID: 35516591 PMCID: PMC9065468 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221085390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, microneedle-based drug delivery systems showed promising approaches to become suitable and alternative for hypodermic injections and can control agent delivery without side effects compared to conventional approaches. Despite these advantages, the procedure of microfabrication is facing some difficulties. For instance, drug loading method, stability of drugs, and retention time are subjects of debate. Besides, the application of novel refining fabrication methods, types of materials, and instruments are other issues that need further attention. Herein, we tried to summarize recent achievements in controllable drug delivery systems (microneedle patches) in vitro and in vivo settings. In addition, we discussed the influence of delivered drugs on the cellular mechanism and immunization molecular signaling pathways through the intradermal delivery route. Understanding the putative efficiency of microneedle patches in human medicine can help us develop and design sophisticated therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saghati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sim D, Brothers MC, Slocik JM, Islam AE, Maruyama B, Grigsby CC, Naik RR, Kim SS. Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104426. [PMID: 35023321 PMCID: PMC8895156 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human health and performance monitoring (HHPM) is imperative to provide information necessary for protecting, sustaining, evaluating, and improving personnel in various occupational sectors, such as industry, academy, sports, recreation, and military. While various commercially wearable sensors are on the market with their capability of "quantitative assessments" on human health, physical, and psychological states, their sensing is mostly based on physical traits, and thus lacks precision in HHPM. Minimally or noninvasive biomarkers detectable from the human body, such as body fluid (e.g., sweat, tear, urine, and interstitial fluid), exhaled breath, and skin surface, can provide abundant additional information to the HHPM. Detecting these biomarkers with novel or existing sensor technologies is emerging as critical human monitoring research. This review provides a broad perspective on the state of the art biosensor technologies for HHPM, including the list of biomarkers and their physiochemical/physical characteristics, fundamental sensing principles, and high-performance sensing transducers. Further, this paper expands to the additional scope on the key technical challenges in applying the current HHPM system to the real field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Research Associateship Program (RAP)the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and MedicineWashingtonDC20001USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Michael C. Brothers
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Joseph M. Slocik
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Ahmad E. Islam
- Air Force Research LaboratorySensors DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Claude C. Grigsby
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Steve S. Kim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
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Dello Russo C, Bandiera T, Monici M, Surdo L, Yip VLM, Wotring V, Morbidelli L. Physiological adaptations affecting drug pharmacokinetics in space: what do we really know? A critical review of the literature. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:2538-2557. [PMID: 35170019 PMCID: PMC9314132 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As human spaceflight progresses with extended mission durations, the demand for effective and safe drugs will necessarily increase. To date, the accepted medications used during missions (for space motion sickness, sleep disturbances, allergies, pain, and sinus congestion) are administered under the assumption that they act as safely and efficaciously as on Earth. However, physiological changes have been documented in human subjects in spaceflight involving fluid shifts, muscle and bone loss, immune system dysregulation, and adjustments in the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. These alterations may change the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of commonly used medications. Frustratingly, the information gained from bed rest studies and from in‐flight observations is incomplete and also demonstrates a high variability in drug PK. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to report (i) the impact of the space environmental stressors on human physiology in relation to PK; (ii) the state‐of‐the‐art on experimental data in space and/or in ground‐based models; (iii) the validation of ground‐based models for PK studies; and (iv) the identification of research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Dello Russo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dept. of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3-PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div. & Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Surdo
- Space Applications Services NV/SA for the European Space Agency, NL-2200AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Lai Ming Yip
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Tiwari N, Chatterjee S, Kaswan K, Chung JH, Fan KP, Lin ZH. Recent advancements in sampling, power management strategies and development in applications for non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ates HC, Mohsenin H, Wenzel C, Glatz RT, Wagner HJ, Bruch R, Hoefflin N, Spassov S, Streicher L, Lozano-Zahonero S, Flamm B, Trittler R, Hug MJ, Köhn M, Schmidt J, Schumann S, Urban GA, Weber W, Dincer C. Biosensor-Enabled Multiplexed On-Site Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104555. [PMID: 34545651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Personalized antibiotherapy ensures that the antibiotic concentration remains in the optimal therapeutic window to maximize efficacy, minimize side effects, and avoid the emergence of drug resistance due to insufficient dosing. However, such individualized schemes need frequent sampling to tailor the blood antibiotic concentrations. To optimally integrate therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) into the clinical workflow, antibiotic levels can either be measured in blood using point-of-care testing (POCT), or can rely on noninvasive sampling. Here, a versatile biosensor with an antibody-free assay for on-site TDM is presented. The platform is evaluated with an animal study, where antibiotic concentrations are quantified in different matrices including whole blood, plasma, urine, saliva, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The clearance and the temporal evaluation of antibiotic levels in EBC and plasma are demonstrated. Influence of matrix effects on measured drug concentrations is determined by comparing the plasma levels with those in noninvasive samples. The system's potential for blood-based POCT is further illustrated by tracking ß-lactam concentrations in untreated blood samples. Finally, multiplexing capabilities are explored successfully for multianalyte/sample analysis. By enabling a rapid, low-cost, sample-independent, and multiplexed on-site TDM, this system can shift the paradigm of "one-size-fits-all" strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ceren Ates
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hasti Mohsenin
- Faculty of Biology and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christin Wenzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Regina T Glatz
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna J Wagner
- Faculty of Biology and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Richard Bruch
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico Hoefflin
- Faculty of Biology and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sashko Spassov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea Streicher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Lozano-Zahonero
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Flamm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Trittler
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Hug
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Faculty of Biology and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerald A Urban
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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Amarnani R, Shende P. Microneedles in diagnostic, treatment and theranostics: An advancement in minimally-invasive delivery system. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 24:4. [PMID: 34878589 PMCID: PMC8651504 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology plays an important role in biomedical engineering for their less intrusive access to the skin due to minimally or painless penetration, enhancement of drug permeability, improvement of detectability of biomolecules in the epidermal and dermal layers with therapeutic efficacy and safety. Furthermore, MNs possess some major disadvantages like difficulty in scale-up technique, variation in drug delivery pattern with respect to external environment of skin, blockage of arrays due to dermal tissues, induction of inflammation or allergy at the site of administration and restriction of dosing range based on the size of active. Additionally, microneedle acts as a transdermal theranostic device for monitoring the physiological parameters in clinical studies. The investigation of drug transfer mechanisms through microneedles includes coat and poke, poke and flow, poke and patch and poke and release method. This review article discusses different categories of microneedles with fabrication methods such as photolithography, laser cutting, 3D printing, etc. in therapeutic applications for treating cancer, diabetes, arthritis, obesity, neurological disorders, and glaucoma. Biosensing devices based on microneedles may detect target analytes directly in the interstitial fluid by penetrating the stratum corneum of the skin and thus microneedles-based devices can be considered as a single tool in diagnostic sensing and therapeutic administration of drugs inside the body. Moreover, the clinical status and commercial availability of microneedle devices are discussed in this review article to offer new insights to researchers and scientists. Continuous monitoring particularly for the determination of blood glucose concentration is one of the most important requirements for the development of next-generation healthcare devices. The aim of this review article focuses mainly on the theranostic applications of microneedles in various medical conditions such as malaria, glaucoma, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Amarnani
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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Optimizing antimicrobial use: challenges, advances and opportunities. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:747-758. [PMID: 34158654 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An optimal antimicrobial dose provides enough drug to achieve a clinical response while minimizing toxicity and development of drug resistance. There can be considerable variability in pharmacokinetics, for example, owing to comorbidities or other medications, which affects antimicrobial pharmacodynamics and, thus, treatment success. Although current approaches to antimicrobial dose optimization address fixed variability, better methods to monitor and rapidly adjust antimicrobial dosing are required to understand and react to residual variability that occurs within and between individuals. We review current challenges to the wider implementation of antimicrobial dose optimization and highlight novel solutions, including biosensor-based, real-time therapeutic drug monitoring and computer-controlled, closed-loop control systems. Precision antimicrobial dosing promises to improve patient outcome and is important for antimicrobial stewardship and the prevention of antimicrobial resistance.
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Teymourian H, Tehrani F, Mahato K, Wang J. Lab under the Skin: Microneedle Based Wearable Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002255. [PMID: 33646612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the current smartwatches and cellphones can readily track mobility and vital signs, a new generation of wearable devices is rapidly developing to enable users to monitor their health parameters at the molecular level. Within this emerging class of wearables, microneedle-based transdermal sensors are in a prime position to play a key role in synergizing the significant advantages of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) as a rich source of clinical indicators and painless skin pricking to allow the collection of real-time diagnostic information. While initial efforts of microneedle sensing focused on ISF extraction coupled with either on-chip analysis or off-chip instrumentation, the latest trend has been oriented toward assembling electrochemical biosensors on the tip of microneedles to allow direct continuous chemical measurements. In this context, significant advances have recently been made in exploiting microneedle-based devices for real-time monitoring of various metabolites, electrolytes, and therapeutics and toward the simultaneous multiplexed detection of key chemical markers; yet, there are several grand challenges that still exist. In this review, we outline current progress, recent trends, and new capabilities of microneedle-empowered sensors, along with the current unmet challenges and a future roadmap toward transforming the latest innovations in the field to commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Farshad Tehrani
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Iitani K, Ramamurthy SS, Ge X, Rao G. Transdermal sensing: in-situ non-invasive techniques for monitoring of human biochemical status. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:198-205. [PMID: 34455345 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Improving life expectancy necessitates prevention and early diagnosis of any disease state based on active self-monitoring of symptoms and longitudinal biochemical profiling. Non-invasive and continuous measurement of molecular biomarkers that reflect metabolism and health must however be established to realize this plan. Human samples non-invasively obtained via the skin are suitable in this context for in-situ biochemical monitoring. We present a brief classification of transdermal sampling in aqueous and gaseous phases and then introduce a new generation of transdermal monitoring devices for rapid and accurate assessment of important parameters. Finally, we have summarized the diversity of body-wide skin characteristics that have possible effects for transdermal sampling. Because of its passive nature, in-situ biochemical monitoring via transdermal sampling will potentially lead to a greater understanding of important biochemical markers and their temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA; STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA.
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Erdem Ö, Eş I, Akceoglu GA, Saylan Y, Inci F. Recent Advances in Microneedle-Based Sensors for Sampling, Diagnosis and Monitoring of Chronic Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 34562886 PMCID: PMC8470661 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases (CDs) are noncommunicable illnesses with long-term symptoms accounting for ~70% of all deaths worldwide. For the diagnosis and prognosis of CDs, accurate biomarker detection is essential. Currently, the detection of CD-associated biomarkers is employed through complex platforms with certain limitations in their applicability and performance. There is hence unmet need to present innovative strategies that are applicable to the point-of-care (PoC) settings, and also, provide the precise detection of biomarkers. On the other hand, especially at PoC settings, microneedle (MN) technology, which comprises micron-size needles arranged on a miniature patch, has risen as a revolutionary approach in biosensing strategies, opening novel horizons to improve the existing PoC devices. Various MN-based platforms have been manufactured for distinctive purposes employing several techniques and materials. The development of MN-based biosensors for real-time monitoring of CD-associated biomarkers has garnered huge attention in recent years. Herein, we summarize basic concepts of MNs, including microfabrication techniques, design parameters, and their mechanism of action as a biosensing platform for CD diagnosis. Moreover, recent advances in the use of MNs for CD diagnosis are introduced and finally relevant clinical trials carried out using MNs as biosensing devices are highlighted. This review aims to address the potential use of MNs in CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgecan Erdem
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Ismail Eş
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Garbis Atam Akceoglu
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM—National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Ö.E.); (I.E.); (G.A.A.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Dixon RV, Skaria E, Lau WM, Manning P, Birch-Machin MA, Moghimi SM, Ng KW. Microneedle-based devices for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2344-2361. [PMID: 34150486 PMCID: PMC8206489 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19 and Ebola, have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to initiate treatment and curb transmission. Successful diagnostic strategies critically depend on the efficiency of biological sampling and timely analysis. However, current diagnostic techniques are invasive/intrusive and present a severe bottleneck by requiring specialist equipment and trained personnel. Moreover, centralised test facilities are poorly accessible and the requirement to travel may increase disease transmission. Self-administrable, point-of-care (PoC) microneedle diagnostic devices could provide a viable solution to these problems. These miniature needle arrays can detect biomarkers in/from the skin in a minimally invasive manner to provide (near-) real-time diagnosis. Few microneedle devices have been developed specifically for infectious disease diagnosis, though similar technologies are well established in other fields and generally adaptable for infectious disease diagnosis. These include microneedles for biofluid extraction, microneedle sensors and analyte-capturing microneedles, or combinations thereof. Analyte sampling/detection from both blood and dermal interstitial fluid is possible. These technologies are in their early stages of development for infectious disease diagnostics, and there is a vast scope for further development. In this review, we discuss the utility and future outlook of these microneedle technologies in infectious disease diagnosis.
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Key Words
- AC, alternating current
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- ASSURED, affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable to end-users
- Biomarker detection
- Biosensor
- CMOS, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
- COVID, coronavirus disease
- COVID-19
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- CT, computerised tomography
- CV, cyclic voltammetry
- DC, direct current
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPV, differential pulse voltammetry
- EBV, Epstein–Barr virus
- EDC/NHS, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoproply) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GOx, glucose oxidase
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IP, iontophoresis
- ISF, interstitial fluid
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Infectious disease
- JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus
- MN, microneedle
- Microneedle
- NA, nucleic acid
- OBMT, one-touch-activated blood multidiagnostic tool
- OPD, o-phenylenediamine
- PCB, printed circuit board
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane
- PEDOT, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- PNA, peptide nucleic acid
- PP, polyphenol
- PPD, poly(o-phenylenediamine)
- PoC, point-of-care
- Point-of-care diagnostics (PoC)
- SALT, skin-associated lymphoid tissue
- SAM, self-assembled monolayer
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- SERS, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
- SWV, square wave voltammetry
- Skin
- TB, tuberculosis
- UV, ultraviolet
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO, World Health Organisation
- cfDNA, cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael V. Dixon
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eldhose Skaria
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Philip Manning
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mark A. Birch-Machin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S. Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Keng Wooi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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The role of microneedle arrays in drug delivery and patient monitoring to prevent diabetes induced fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113825. [PMID: 34111467 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects approximately 450 million adults globally. If not effectively managed, chronic hyperglycaemia causes tissue damage that can develop into fibrosis. Fibrosis leads to end-organ complications, failure of organ systems occurs, which can ultimately cause death. One strategy to tackle end-organ complications is to maintain normoglycaemia. Conventionally, insulin is administered subcutaneously. Whilst effective, this delivery route shows several limitations, including pain. The transdermal route is a favourable alternative. Microneedle (MN) arrays are minimally invasive and painless devices that can enhance transdermal drug delivery. Convincing evidence is provided on MN-mediated insulin delivery. MN arrays can also be used as a diagnostic tool and monitor glucose levels. Furthermore, sophisticated MN array-based systems that integrate glucose monitoring and drug delivery into a single device have been designed. Therefore, MN technology has potential to revolutionise diabetes management. This review describes the current applications of MN technology for diabetes management and how these could prevent diabetes induced fibrosis.
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Lee EK, Baruah RK, Bhamra H, Kim YJ, Yoo H. Recent advances in electrode development for biomedical applications. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:107-115. [PMID: 34150347 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaborate electrodes that enable adhesion to the skin surface and effectively collect vital signs are necessitated. In recent years, various electrode materials and novel structures have been developed, and they have garnered scientific attention due to their higher sensing performances compared with those of conventional electrode-based sensors. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in biomedical sensors, focusing on the development of novel electrodes. We comprehensively review the different types of electrode materials in the context of efficient biosignal detection, with respect to material composition for flexible and wearable electrodes and novel electrode structures. Finally, we discuss recent packaging technologies in biomedical applications using flexible and wearable electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kwang Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.,MLCC Development, 1 team, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, 150, Maeyeong-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ratul Kumar Baruah
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tezpur University, Assam, 784028 India
| | - Hansraj Bhamra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for implantable devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is a novel source of biomarkers that can be considered as an alternative to blood sampling for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, in vivo extraction and analysis of ISF are challenging. On the other hand, microneedle (MN) technology can address most of the challenges associated with dermal ISF extraction and is well suited for long-term, continuous ISF monitoring as well as in situ detection. In this review, we first briefly summarise the different dermal ISF collection methods and compare them with MN methods. Next, we elaborate on the design considerations and biocompatibility of MNs. Subsequently, the fabrication technologies of various MNs used for dermal ISF extraction, including solid MNs, hollow MNs, porous MNs, and hydrogel MNs, are thoroughly explained. In addition, different sensing mechanisms of ISF detection are discussed in detail. Subsequently, we identify the challenges and propose the possible solutions associated with ISF extraction. A detailed investigation is provided for the transport and sampling mechanism of ISF in vivo. Also, the current in vitro skin model integrated with the MN arrays is discussed. Finally, future directions to develop a point-of-care (POC) device to sample ISF are proposed.
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Booth MA, Gowers SAN, Hersey M, Samper IC, Park S, Anikeeva P, Hashemi P, Stevens MM, Boutelle MG. Fiber-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Monitoring pH and Transient Neurometabolic Lactate. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6646-6655. [PMID: 33797893 PMCID: PMC8153388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Developing tools
that are able to monitor transient neurochemical
dynamics is important to decipher brain chemistry and function. Multifunctional
polymer-based fibers have been recently applied to monitor and modulate
neural activity. Here, we explore the potential of polymer fibers
comprising six graphite-doped electrodes and two microfluidic channels
within a flexible polycarbonate body as a platform for sensing pH
and neurometabolic lactate. Electrodes were made into potentiometric
sensors (responsive to pH) or amperometric sensors (lactate biosensors).
The growth of an iridium oxide layer made the fiber electrodes responsive
to pH in a physiologically relevant range. Lactate biosensors were
fabricated via platinum black growth on the fiber electrode, followed
by an enzyme layer, making them responsive to lactate concentration.
Lactate fiber biosensors detected transient neurometabolic lactate
changes in an in vivo mouse model. Lactate concentration changes were
associated with spreading depolarizations, known to be detrimental
to the injured brain. Induced waves were identified by a signature
lactate concentration change profile and measured as having a speed
of ∼2.7 mm/min (n = 4 waves). Our work highlights
the potential applications of fiber-based biosensors for direct monitoring
of brain metabolites in the context of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsilea A Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sally A N Gowers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Melinda Hersey
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Isabelle C Samper
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Martyn G Boutelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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García-Guzmán JJ, Pérez-Ràfols C, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Microneedle based electrochemical (Bio)Sensing: Towards decentralized and continuous health status monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Dugam S, Tade R, Dhole R, Nangare S. Emerging era of microneedle array for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: recent advances and toxicological perspectives. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microneedles (MNs) are the utmost unique, efficient, and minimally invasive inventions in the pharmaceutical field. Over the past decades, many scientists around the globe have reported MNs cautious because of their superb future in distinct areas. Concerning the wise use of MNs herein, we deal in depth with the present applications of MNs in drug delivery.
Main text
The present review comprises various fabrication materials and methods used for MN synthesis. The article also noted the distinctive advantages of these MNs, which holds huge potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The role of MNs in serving as a platform to treat various ailments has been explained accompanied by unusual approaches. The review also inculcates the pharmacokinetics of MNs, which includes permeation, absorption, and bioavailability enhancement. Besides this, the in vitro/in vivo toxicity, biosafety, and marketed product of MNs have been reviewed. We have also discussed the clinical trials and patents on the pharmaceutical applications of MNs in brief.
Conclusion
To sum up, this article gives insight into the MNs and provides a recent advancement in MNs, which pave the pathway for future pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of MNs
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