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Kushnir SE, Devyanina NP, Roslyakov IV, Lyskov NV, Stolyarov VS, Napolskii KS. Stained Glass Effect in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Formed in Selenic Acid. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:298-306. [PMID: 38166418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
A combination of the unique porous structure and physical and chemical properties of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) makes it widely used in cutting-edge areas of materials science and nanotechnology. Selenic acid electrolyte provides the ability to obtain AAO with low porosity and high optical transparency and thus is promising for the preparation of AAO photonic crystals (PhCs). Here, we show the influence of crystallographic orientation of Al on the electrochemical oxidation rate in 1 M H2SeO4 as well as on the growth rate, porosity, and the effective refractive index of AAO. The cyclic anodization regime is used to prepare AAO PhCs with photonic band gaps, their wavelength positions are used to measure the AAO growth rate. At an anodization voltage of 40-45 V, the growth rate varies by up to 22.6% with crystallographic orientation of Al grains, causing the stained glass effect, which can be seen with the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolay V Lyskov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia
| | - Vasily S Stolyarov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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Białek E, Włodarski M, Norek M. Designing porous photonic crystals for MIR spectral region-a deeper insight into the anodic alumina layer thickness versus charge density relation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:125603. [PMID: 36595263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mid-infrared region (MIR) is crucial for many applications in security and industry, in chemical and biomolecular sensing, since it contains strong characteristic vibrational transitions of many important molecules and gases (e.g. CO2, CH4, CO). Despite its great potential, the optical systems operating in this spectral domain are still under development. The situation is caused mainly by the lack of inexpensive and adequate optical materials which show no absorption in the MIR. In this work, we present an easy and affordable way to develop 1D photonic crystals (PCs) based on porous anodic alumina for MIR region. The porous PCs were produced by the pulse anodization of aluminum using charge-controlled mode. The first order photonic stopbands (λ1) were located within ca. 3.5-6.5μm. Annealing of the material at 1100 °C for an hour has allowed to recover the wavelength range from around 5.8 to 7.5μm owing to the decomposition of the absorption centers (oxalate anions) present in the anodic oxide framework while maintaining the PC structural stability. The spectral position and the shape of the resonances were regulated by the charge passing under high (UH) and low (UL) voltage pulses, porosity of the correspondingdHanddLsegments, and dura tion of the process (ttot). The thickness of thedHanddLlayers was proportional to the charge passing under respective pulses, with the proportionality coefficient increasing with the applied voltage. Despite the constant charge (2500 mC cm-2) applied during the anodization, the thickness of anodic alumina (d) increased with applied voltage (10-60 V) and anodizing temperature (5 °C-30 °C). This behavior was ascribed to the different kinetics of the anodic alumina formation prompted by the variable electrochemical conditions. The photonic material can be used in portable nondispersive gas sensors as an enhancement layer operating up to around 9μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Białek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Włodarski
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Str. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Norek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Kushnir SE, Kuznetsov ME, Roslyakov IV, Lyskov NV, Napolskii KS. Mosaic of Anodic Alumina Inherited from Anodizing of Polycrystalline Substrate in Oxalic Acid. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4406. [PMID: 36558259 PMCID: PMC9788389 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The anodizing of aluminium under oscillating conditions is a versatile and reproducible method for the preparation of one-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs). Many anodizing parameters have been optimised to improve the optical properties of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) PhCs. However, the influence of the crystallographic orientation of an Al substrate on the characteristics of AAO PhCs has not been considered yet. Here, the effect of Al substrate crystallography on the properties of AAO PhCs is investigated. It is experimentally demonstrated that the cyclic anodizing of coarse-grained aluminium foils produces a mosaic of photonic crystals. The crystallographic orientation of Al grains affects the electrochemical oxidation rate of Al, the growth rate of AAO, and the wavelength position of the photonic band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey E. Kushnir
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Roslyakov
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Lyskov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medical Chemistry RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow 142432, Russia
- Department of Physics, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Napolskii
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102609. [PMID: 34067754 PMCID: PMC8156553 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
At present, the world is at the peak of production of traditional fossil fuels. Much of the resources that humanity has been consuming (oil, coal, and natural gas) are coming to an end. The human being faces a future that must necessarily go through a paradigm shift, which includes a progressive movement towards increasingly less polluting and energetically viable resources. In this sense, nanotechnology has a transcendental role in this change. For decades, new materials capable of being used in energy processes have been synthesized, which undoubtedly will be the cornerstone of the future development of the planet. In this review, we report on the current progress in the synthesis and use of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials (specifically nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanorods), with compositions based on oxides, nitrides, or metals, for applications related to energy. Due to its extraordinary surface-volume relationship, tunable thermal and transport properties, and its high surface area, these 1D nanostructures have become fundamental elements for the development of energy processes. The most relevant 1D nanomaterials, their different synthesis procedures, and useful methods for assembling 1D nanostructures in functional devices will be presented. Applications in relevant topics such as optoelectronic and photochemical devices, hydrogen production, or energy storage, among others, will be discussed. The present review concludes with a forecast on the directions towards which future research could be directed on this class of nanostructured materials.
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Ruiz-Clavijo A, Caballero-Calero O, Martín-González M. Revisiting anodic alumina templates: from fabrication to applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2227-2265. [PMID: 33480949 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anodic porous alumina, -AAO- (also known as nanoporous alumina, nanohole alumina arrays, -NAA- or nanoporous anodized alumina platforms, -NAAP-) has opened new opportunities in a wide range of fields, and is used as an advanced photonic structure for applications in structural coloration and advanced optical biosensing based on the ordered nanoporous structure obtained and as a template to grow nanowires or nanotubes of different materials giving rise to metamaterials with tailored properties. Therefore, understanding the structure of nanoporous anodic alumina templates and knowing how they are fabricated provide a tool for the further design of structures based on them, such as 3D nanoporous structures developed recently. In this work, we review the latest developments related to nanoporous alumina, which is currently a very active field, to provide a solid and thorough reference for all interested experts, both in academia and industry, on these nanostructured and highly useful structures. We present an overview of theories on the formation of pores and self-ordering in alumina, paying special attention to those presented in recent years, and different nanostructures that have been developed recently. Therefore, a wide variety of architectures, ranging from ordered nanoporous structures to diameter changing pores, branched pores, and 3D nanostructures will be discussed. Next, some of the most relevant results using different nanostructured morphologies as templates for the growth of different materials with novel properties and reduced dimensionality in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc. will be summarised, showing how these structures have influenced the state of the art in a wide variety of fields. Finally, a review on how these anodic aluminium membranes are used as platforms for different applications combined with optical techniques, together with principles behind these applications will be presented, in addition to a hint on the future applications of these versatile nanomaterials. In summary, this review is focused on the most recent developments, without neglecting the basis and older studies that have led the way to these findings. Thus, it gives an updated state-of-the-art review that should be useful not only for experts in the field, but also for non-specialists, helping them to gain a broad understanding of the importance of anodic porous alumina, and most probably, endow them with new ideas for its use in fields of interest or even developing the anodization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ruiz-Clavijo
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olga Caballero-Calero
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marisol Martín-González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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Białek E, Włodarski M, Norek M. Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) by High-Temperature Pulse-Anodization: Tuning the Optical Characteristics of PAA-Based DBR in the NIR-MIR Region. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5622. [PMID: 33317144 PMCID: PMC7764316 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of various electrochemical parameters on the production of porous anodic alumina (PAA)-based DBRs (distributed Bragg reflector) during high-temperature-pulse-anodization was studied. It was observed that lowering the temperature from 30 to 27 °C brings about radical changes in the optical performance of the DBRs. The multilayered PAA fabricated at 27 °C did not show optical characteristics typical for DBR. The DBR performance was further tuned at 30 °C. The current recovery (iamax) after application of subsequent UH pulses started to stabilize upon decreasing high (UH) and low (UL) voltage pulses, which was reflected in a smaller difference between initial and final thickness of alternating dH and dL segments (formed under UH and UL, respectively) and a better DBR performance. Shortening UH pulse duration resulted in a progressive shift of photonic stopbands (PSBs) towards the blue part of the spectrum while keeping intensive and symmetric PSBs in the NIR-MIR range. Despite the obvious improvement of the DBR performance by modulation of electrochemical parameters, the problem with regarding full control over the homogeneous formation of dH+dL pairs remains. Solving this problem will certainly lead to the production of affordable and efficient PAA-based photonic crystals with tunable photonic properties in the NIR-MIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Białek
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maksymilian Włodarski
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Str. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Norek
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Ferre-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Advances in Optical Biosensors and Sensors Using Nanoporous Anodic Alumina. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5068. [PMID: 32906635 PMCID: PMC7570681 DOI: 10.3390/s20185068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review paper focuses on recent progress in optical biosensors using self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina. We present the fabrication of self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina, surface functionalization, and optical sensor applications. We show that self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina has good potential for use in the fabrication of antibody-based (immunosensor), aptamer-based (aptasensor), gene-based (genosensor), peptide-based, and enzyme-based optical biosensors. The fabricated optical biosensors presented high sensitivity and selectivity. In addition, we also showed that the performance of the biosensors and the self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina can be used for assessing biomolecules, heavy ions, and gas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.A.T.); (J.F.-B.)
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Noormohammadi M, Arani ZS, Ramazani A, Kashi MA, Abbasimofrad S. Super-fast fabrication of self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina membranes by ultra-hard anodization. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Białek E, Włodarski M, Norek M. Influence of Anodization Temperature on Geometrical and Optical Properties of Porous Anodic Alumina(PAA)-Based Photonic Structures. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143185. [PMID: 32708744 PMCID: PMC7411978 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of a wide range anodizing temperature (5–30 °C) on the growth and optical properties of PAA-based distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) was studied. It was demonstrated that above 10 °C both structural and photonic properties of the DBRs strongly deteriorates: the photonic stop bands (PSBs) decay, broaden, and split, which is accompanied by the red shift of the PSBs. However, at 30 °C, new bands in transmission spectra appear including one strong and symmetric peak in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region. The PSB in the MIR region is further improved by a small modification of the pulse sequence which smoothen and sharpen the interfaces between consecutive low and high refractive index layers. This is a first report on PAA-based DBR with a good quality PSB in MIR. Moreover, it was shown that in designing good quality DBRs a steady current recovery after subsequent application of high potential (UH) pulses is more important than large contrast between low and high potential pulses (UH-UL contrast). Smaller UH-UL contrast helps to better control the current evolution during pulse anodization. Furthermore, the lower PSB intensity owing to the smaller UH-UL contrast can be partially compensated by the higher anodizing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Białek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maksymilian Włodarski
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Str. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Norek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Str. gen Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Wang G, Sun S. Fabrication of a mesoporous silica film based optical waveguide sensor for detection of small molecules. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3933-3941. [PMID: 32400663 DOI: 10.1364/ao.389118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a thick mesoporous silica film (MSF) (more than 700 nm) was fabricated via the two-step enhancing Stöber solution growth approach (ESSGA). According to the optimization based on the transfer matrix method, a thicker MSF sensor has higher waveguide index sensitivity and is more suitable for the adsorbent detection, while a thinner MSF sensor has higher covered medium index sensitivity and is more appropriate for non-adsorbent detection. The covered medium index sensitivity and refractive index resolution of the fabricated MSF optical waveguide sensor were calculated to be 53.18 deg/RIU and ${1.28}\; \times \;{{10}^{ - 6}}\;{\rm RIU}$1.28×10-6RIU, respectively. For the detection of a small molecule, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as a model of a small molecule to verify its sensing property and its limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.879 nM was obtained. In order to detect heavy metal ions, the MSF was modified with an amino group by the post-grafted method. The response of the resonance angle shift is more sensitive to ${{\rm Pb}^{2 + }}$Pb2+ ion than ${{\rm Cu}^{2 + }}$Cu2+ ion and both their LODs could reach the nanomolar detection level; those are 17.30 and 6.44 nM, respectively.
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Acosta LK, Bertó-Roselló F, Xifre-Perez E, Law CS, Santos A, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Tunable Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals by Gaussian Pulse Anodization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19778-19787. [PMID: 32227979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a Gaussian pulse anodization approach to generate nanoporous photonic crystals with highly tunable and controllable optical properties across the visible-NIR spectrum. Nanoporous anodic alumina Gaussian photonic crystals (NAA-GPCs) are fabricated in oxalic acid electrolyte by Gaussian pulse anodization, a novel form of pulse-like anodization. The effect of the Gaussian pulse width in the anodization profile on the optical properties of these photonic crystals is assessed by systematically varying this fabrication parameter from 5 to 60 s. The optical features of the characteristic photonic stopband (PSB) of NAA-GPCs-the position of the central wavelength, full width at half-maximum, and intensity-are found to be highly dependent on the Gaussian pulse width, the angle of incidence of incoming photons, and the nanopore diameter of NAA-GPCs. The effective medium of NAA-GPCs is assessed by monitoring spectral shifts in their characteristic PSB upon infiltration of their nanoporous structure with analytical solutions of d-glucose of varying concentration (0.0125-1 M). Experimental results are validated and mechanistically described by theoretical simulations, using the Looyenga-Landau-Lifshitz effective medium approximation model. Our findings demonstrate that Gaussian pulse anodization is an effective nanofabrication approach to producing highly sensitive NAA-based PC structures with versatile and tunable PSBs across the spectral regions. The findings provide new exiting opportunities to integrate these unique PC structures into photonic sensors and other platform materials for light-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Acosta
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Bertó-Roselló
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifre-Perez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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12
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Electrochemical Engineering of Nanoporous Materials for Photocatalysis: Fundamentals, Advances, and Perspectives. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis comprises a variety of light-driven processes in which solar energy is converted into green chemical energy to drive reactions such as water splitting for hydrogen energy generation, degradation of environmental pollutants, CO2 reduction and NH3 production. Electrochemically engineered nanoporous materials are attractive photocatalyst platforms for a plethora of applications due to their large effective surface area, highly controllable and tuneable light-harvesting capabilities, efficient charge carrier separation and enhanced diffusion of reactive species. Such tailor-made nanoporous substrates with rational chemical and structural designs provide new exciting opportunities to develop advanced optical semiconductor structures capable of performing precise and versatile control over light–matter interactions to harness electromagnetic waves with unprecedented high efficiency and selectivity for photocatalysis. This review introduces fundamental developments and recent advances of electrochemically engineered nanoporous materials and their application as platforms for photocatalysis, with a final prospective outlook about this dynamic field.
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Ribes À, Aznar E, Santiago-Felipe S, Xifre-Perez E, Tormo-Mas MÁ, Pemán J, Marsal LF, Martínez-Máñez R. Selective and Sensitive Probe Based in Oligonucleotide-Capped Nanoporous Alumina for the Rapid Screening of Infection Produced by Candida albicans. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1291-1298. [PMID: 31020831 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A robust, sensitive, and time-competitive system to detect Candida albicans in less than 30 min in clinical samples based in capped nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) is developed. In the proposed design, NAA pores are loaded with rhodamine B and then blocked with an oligonucleotide that is able to recognize C. albicans DNA. The capped material shows negligible cargo release, whereas dye delivery is selectively accomplished when genomic DNA from C. albicans is present. This procedure has been successfully applied to detect C. albicans in clinical samples from patients infected with this yeast. When compared with classical C. albicans detection methods, the proposed probe has a short assay time, high sensitivity and selectivity, demonstrating the high potential of this simple design for the diagnosis of infection produced by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Ribes
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aznar
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Santiago-Felipe
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifre-Perez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Tormo-Mas
- Grupo acreditado de investigación Infección Grave, IIS La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 126, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Pemán
- Grupo acreditado de investigación Infección Grave, IIS La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 126, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Politècnic i Universitari La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 126, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Kaur S, Law CS, Williamson NH, Kempson I, Popat A, Kumeria T, Santos A. Environmental Copper Sensor Based on Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Interferometers. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5011-5020. [PMID: 30793604 PMCID: PMC6543834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic copper pollution of environmental waters from sources such as acid mine drainage, antifouling paints, and industrial waste discharge is a major threat to our environment and human health. This study presents an optical sensing system that combines self-assembled glutaraldehyde-cross-linked double-layered polyethylenimine (PEI-GA-PEI)-modified nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) interferometers with reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) for label-free, selective monitoring of ionic copper in environmental waters. Calibration of the sensing system with analytical solutions of copper shows a linear working range between 1 and 100 mg L-1, and a low limit of detection of 0.007 ± 0.001 mg L-1 (i.e., ∼0.007 ppm). Changes in the effective optical thickness (ΔOTeff) of PEI-GA-PEI-functionalized NAA interferometers are monitored in real-time by RIfS, and correlated with the amount of ionic copper present in aqueous solutions. The system performance is validated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the spatial distribution of copper within the nanoporous films is characterized by time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). The specificity and chemical selectivity of the PEI-GA-PEI-NAA sensor to Cu2+ ions is verified by screening six different metal ion solutions containing potentially interfering ions such as Al3+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. Finally, the performance of the PEI-GA-PEI-NAA sensor for real-life applications is demonstrated using legacy acid mine drainage liquid and tap water for qualitative and quantitative detection of copper ions. This study provides new opportunities to develop portable, cost-competitive, and ultrasensitive sensing systems for real-life environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarpreet Kaur
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Nathan Hu Williamson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, PACE Building, Brisbane, Queensland 40172, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, PACE Building, Brisbane, Queensland 40172, Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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15
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Chang YH, Chang HC, Fu YP. Utilizing Infrared Spectroscopy to Analyze the Interfacial Structures of Ionic Liquids/Al₂O₃ and Ionic Liquids/Mica Mixtures under High Pressures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030373. [PMID: 30841586 PMCID: PMC6473959 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial interactions between ionic liquids (1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) and solid surfaces (mesoporous aluminum oxide and mica) have been studied by infrared spectroscopy at high pressures (up to 2.5 GPa). Under ambient pressure, the spectroscopic features of pure ionic liquids and mixtures of ionic liquids/solid particles (Al2O3 and mica) are similar. As the pressure is increased, the cooperative effect in the local structure of pure 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate becomes significantly enhanced as the imidazolium C–H absorptions of the ionic liquid are red-shifted. However, this pressure-enhanced effect is reduced by adding the solid particles (Al2O3 and mica) to 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate. Although high-pressure IR can detect the interactions between 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate and particle surfaces, the difference in the interfacial interactions in the mixtures of Al2O3 and mica is not clear. By changing the type of ionic liquid to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the interfacial interactions become more sensitive to the type of solid surfaces. The mica particles in the mixture perturb the local structure of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate under high pressures, forcing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate to form into an isolated structure. For Al2O3, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate tends to form an associated structure under high pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Hai-Chou Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Pei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
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16
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Alba M, Robin M, Menzies D, Gengenbach TR, Prieto-Simon B, Voelcker NH. Differential functionalisation of the internal and external surfaces of carbon-stabilised nanoporous silicon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8001-8004. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A versatile strategy to differentiate the surface chemistry of the internal and external pore walls of highly-stable nanoporous silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing
| | - Morgane Robin
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
| | - Donna Menzies
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing
| | - Thomas R. Gengenbach
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing
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17
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Law CS, Lim SY, Abell AD, Voelcker NH, Santos A. Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals for Optical Chemo- and Biosensing: Fundamentals, Advances, and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E788. [PMID: 30287772 PMCID: PMC6215225 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optical sensors are a class of devices that enable the identification and/or quantification of analyte molecules across multiple fields and disciplines such as environmental protection, medical diagnosis, security, food technology, biotechnology, and animal welfare. Nanoporous photonic crystal (PC) structures provide excellent platforms to develop such systems for a plethora of applications since these engineered materials enable precise and versatile control of light⁻matter interactions at the nanoscale. Nanoporous PCs provide both high sensitivity to monitor in real-time molecular binding events and a nanoporous matrix for selective immobilization of molecules of interest over increased surface areas. Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA), a nanomaterial long envisaged as a PC, is an outstanding platform material to develop optical sensing systems in combination with multiple photonic technologies. Nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs) provide a versatile nanoporous structure that can be engineered in a multidimensional fashion to create unique PC sensing platforms such as Fabry⁻Pérot interferometers, distributed Bragg reflectors, gradient-index filters, optical microcavities, and others. The effective medium of NAA-PCs undergoes changes upon interactions with analyte molecules. These changes modify the NAA-PCs' spectral fingerprints, which can be readily quantified to develop different sensing systems. This review introduces the fundamental development of NAA-PCs, compiling the most significant advances in the use of these optical materials for chemo- and biosensing applications, with a final prospective outlook about this exciting and dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Siew Yee Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Melbourne 3168, Australia.
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia.
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne 3168, Australia.
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
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18
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Law CS, Lim SY, Abell AD, Santos A. Real-Time Binding Monitoring between Human Blood Proteins and Heavy Metal Ions in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10039-10048. [PMID: 30041521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the real-time binding assessment between heavy metal ions and blood proteins immobilized onto nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs) by reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). The surface of NAA-PCs is chemically functionalized with γ-globulin (GG), transferrin (TFN), and serum albumin (HSA), the major proteins present in human blood plasma. Protein-modified NAA-PC platforms are exposed to analytical solutions of mercury ions of different concentrations. Dynamic changes in the effective optical thickness of protein-modified NAA-PCs in response to heavy metal ions are assessed in real time to evaluate the binding kinetics, affinity, and mechanism. Protein molecules undergo conformational changes upon exposure to mercury ions, with HSA exhibiting the strongest affinity. The combination of protein-modified NAA-PCs with RIfS allows real-time monitoring of protein-heavy metal ions interactions under dynamic flow conditions. This system is capable of detecting dynamic conformational changes in these proteins upon exposure to heavy metal ions. Our results provide new insights into these binding events, which could enable new methodologies to study the toxicity of heavy metal ions and other biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
| | - Siew Yee Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide , Australia
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19
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Stepniowski WJ, Misiolek WZ. Review of Fabrication Methods, Physical Properties, and Applications of Nanostructured Copper Oxides Formed via Electrochemical Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060379. [PMID: 29844274 PMCID: PMC6027331 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Typically, anodic oxidation of metals results in the formation of hexagonally arranged nanoporous or nanotubular oxide, with a specific oxidation state of the transition metal. Recently, the majority of transition metals have been anodized; however, the formation of copper oxides by electrochemical oxidation is yet unexplored and offers numerous, unique properties and applications. Nanowires formed by copper electrochemical oxidation are crystalline and composed of cuprous (CuO) or cupric oxide (Cu2O), bringing varied physical and chemical properties to the nanostructured morphology and different band gaps: 1.44 and 2.22 eV, respectively. According to its Pourbaix (potential-pH) diagram, the passivity of copper occurs at ambient and alkaline pH. In order to grow oxide nanostructures on copper, alkaline electrolytes like NaOH and KOH are used. To date, no systemic study has yet been reported on the influence of the operating conditions, such as the type of electrolyte, its temperature, and applied potential, on the morphology of the grown nanostructures. However, the numerous reports gathered in this paper will provide a certain view on the matter. After passivation, the formed nanostructures can be also post-treated. Post-treatments employ calcinations or chemical reactions, including the chemical reduction of the grown oxides. Nanostructures made of CuO or Cu2O have a broad range of potential applications. On one hand, with the use of surface morphology, the wetting contact angle is tuned. On the other hand, the chemical composition (pure Cu2O) and high surface area make such materials attractive for renewable energy harvesting, including water splitting. While compared to other fabrication techniques, self-organized anodization is a facile, easy to scale-up, time-efficient approach, providing high-aspect ratio one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. Despite these advantages, there are still numerous challenges that have to be faced, including the strict control of the chemical composition and morphology of the grown nanostructures, their uniformity, and understanding the mechanism of their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Stepniowski
- Materials Science and Engineering Department & Loewy Institute, Lehigh University, 5 East Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
- Department of Advanced Materials and Technologies, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Urbanowicza 2 Str., 00-908 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Z Misiolek
- Materials Science and Engineering Department & Loewy Institute, Lehigh University, 5 East Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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20
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On the Precise Tuning of Optical Filtering Features in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Distributed Bragg Reflectors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4642. [PMID: 29545523 PMCID: PMC5854698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a nanofabrication approach that enables the production of nanoporous anodic alumina distributed Bragg reflectors (NAA-DBRs) with finely engineered light filtering features across the spectral regions. The photonic stopband (PSB) of these NAA-based photonic crystal (PC) structures is precisely tuned by an apodization strategy applied during stepwise pulse anodization with the aim of engineering the effective medium of NAA-DBRs in depth. We systematically assess the effect of different fabrication parameters such as apodization function (i.e. linear positive, linear negative, logarithmic positive and logarithmic negative), amplitude difference (from 0.105 to 0.420 mA cm−2), current density offset (from 0.140 to 0.560 mA cm−2), anodization period (from 1100 to 1700 s), and pore widening time (from 0 to 6 min) on the quality and central wavelength of the PSB of NAA-DBRs. The PSB’s features these PC structures are demonstrated to be highly tunable with the fabrication parameters, where a logarithmic negative apodization is found to be the most effective function to produce NAA-DBRs with high quality PSBs across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum. Our study establishes that apodized NAA-DBRs are more sensitive to changes in their effective medium than non-apodized NAA-DBRs, making them more suitable sensing platforms to develop advanced optical sensing systems.
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21
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Pla L, Xifré-Pérez E, Ribes À, Aznar E, Marcos MD, Marsal LF, Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F. A Mycoplasma
Genomic DNA Probe using Gated Nanoporous Anodic Alumina. Chempluschem 2017; 82:337-341. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pla
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática; Universidad Rovira i Virgili; Avda. Paissos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Àngela Ribes
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elena Aznar
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - M. Dolores Marcos
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Lluís F. Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática; Universidad Rovira i Virgili; Avda. Paissos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
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Ribes À, Xifré -Pérez E, Aznar E, Sancenón F, Pardo T, Marsal LF, Martínez-Máñez R. Molecular gated nanoporous anodic alumina for the detection of cocaine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38649. [PMID: 27924950 PMCID: PMC5141502 DOI: 10.1038/srep38649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein the use of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) as a suitable support to implement "molecular gates" for sensing applications. In our design, a NAA support is loaded with a fluorescent reporter (rhodamine B) and functionalized with a short single-stranded DNA. Then pores are blocked by the subsequent hybridisation of a specific cocaine aptamer. The response of the gated material was studied in aqueous solution. In a typical experiment, the support was immersed in hybridisation buffer solution in the absence or presence of cocaine. At certain times, the release of rhodamine B from pore voids was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. The capped NAA support showed poor cargo delivery, but presence of cocaine in the solution selectively induced rhodamine B release. By this simple procedure a limit of detection as low as 5 × 10-7 M was calculated for cocaine. The gated NAA was successfully applied to detect cocaine in saliva samples and the possible re-use of the nanostructures was assessed. Based on these results, we believe that NAA could be a suitable support to prepare optical gated probes with a synergic combination of the favourable features of selected gated sensing systems and NAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Ribes
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elisabet Xifré -Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elena Aznar
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Teresa Pardo
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Lluís F. Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ramόn Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
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23
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Santos A, Law CS, Chin Lei DW, Pereira T, Losic D. Fine tuning of optical signals in nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals by apodized sinusoidal pulse anodisation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18360-18375. [PMID: 27766342 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an advanced nanofabrication approach to produce gradient-index photonic crystal structures based on nanoporous anodic alumina. An apodization strategy is for the first time applied to a sinusoidal pulse anodisation process in order to engineer the photonic stop band of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) in depth. Four apodization functions are explored, including linear positive, linear negative, logarithmic positive and logarithmic negative, with the aim of finely tuning the characteristic photonic stop band of these photonic crystal structures. We systematically analyse the effect of the amplitude difference (from 0.105 to 0.840 mA cm-2), the pore widening time (from 0 to 6 min), the anodisation period (from 650 to 950 s) and the anodisation time (from 15 to 30 h) on the quality and the position of the characteristic photonic stop band and the interferometric colour of these photonic crystal structures using the aforementioned apodization functions. Our results reveal that a logarithmic negative apodisation function is the most optimal approach to obtain unprecedented well-resolved and narrow photonic stop bands across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum of NAA-based gradient-index photonic crystals. Our study establishes a fully comprehensive rationale towards the development of unique NAA-based photonic crystal structures with finely engineered optical properties for advanced photonic devices such as ultra-sensitive optical sensors, selective optical filters and all-optical platforms for quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dominique Wong Chin Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and Temasek Polytechnic, 21 Tampines Avenue 1, 529757 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taj Pereira
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
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Stępniowski WJ, Moneta M, Norek M, Michalska-Domańska M, Scarpellini A, Salerno M. The influence of electrolyte composition on the growth of nanoporous anodic alumina. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Santos A, Pereira T, Law CS, Losic D. Rational engineering of nanoporous anodic alumina optical bandpass filters. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14846-14857. [PMID: 27453573 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a rationally designed advanced nanofabrication approach aiming at producing a new type of optical bandpass filters based on nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals. The photonic stop band of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) is engineered in depth by means of a pseudo-stepwise pulse anodisation (PSPA) approach consisting of pseudo-stepwise asymmetric current density pulses. This nanofabrication method makes it possible to tune the transmission bands of NAA at specific wavelengths and bandwidths, which can be broadly modified across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum through the anodisation period (i.e. time between consecutive pulses). First, we establish the effect of the anodisation period as a means of tuning the position and width of the transmission bands of NAA across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum. To this end, a set of nanoporous anodic alumina bandpass filters (NAA-BPFs) are produced with different anodisation periods, ranging from 500 to 1200 s, and their optical properties (i.e. characteristic transmission bands and interferometric colours) are systematically assessed. Then, we demonstrate that the rational combination of stacked NAA-BPFs consisting of layers of NAA produced with different PSPA periods can be readily used to create a set of unique and highly selective optical bandpass filters with characteristic transmission bands, the position, width and number of which can be precisely engineered by this rational anodisation approach. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that the superposition of stacked NAA-BPFs produced with slight modifications of the anodisation period enables the fabrication of NAA-BPFs with unprecedented broad transmission bands across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum. The results obtained from our study constitute the first comprehensive rationale towards advanced NAA-BPFs with fully controllable photonic properties. These photonic crystal structures could become a promising alternative to traditional optical bandpass filters based on glass and plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Taj Pereira
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
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Law CS, Santos A, Nemati M, Losic D. Structural Engineering of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals by Sawtooth-like Pulse Anodization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13542-13554. [PMID: 27171214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a sawtooth-like pulse anodization approach aiming to create a new type of photonic crystal structure based on nanoporous anodic alumina. This nanofabrication approach enables the engineering of the effective medium of nanoporous anodic alumina in a sawtooth-like manner with precision. The manipulation of various anodization parameters such as anodization period, anodization amplitude, number of anodization pulses, ramp ratio and pore widening time allows a precise control and fine-tuning of the optical properties (i.e., characteristic transmission peaks and interferometric colors) exhibited by nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs). The effect of these anodization parameters on the photonic properties of NAA-PCs is systematically evaluated for the establishment of a fabrication methodology toward NAA-PCs with tunable optical properties. The effective medium of the resulting NAA-PCs is demonstrated to be optimal for the development of optical sensing platforms in combination with reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). This application is demonstrated by monitoring in real-time the formation of monolayers of thiol molecules (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid) on the surface of gold-coated NAA-PCs. The obtained results reveal that the adsorption mechanism between thiol molecules and gold-coated NAA-PCs follows a Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a monolayer sorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide , 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mahdieh Nemati
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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Nemati M, Santos A, Law CS, Losic D. Assessment of Binding Affinity between Drugs and Human Serum Albumin Using Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5971-80. [PMID: 27128744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report an innovative approach aiming to assess the binding affinity between drug molecules and human serum albumin by combining nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters (NAA-RFs) modified with human serum albumin (HSA) and reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). NAA-RFs are photonic crystal structures produced by sinusoidal pulse anodization of aluminum that present two characteristic optical parameters, the characteristic reflection peak (λPeak), and the effective optical thickness of the film (OTeff), which can be readily used as sensing parameters. A design of experiments strategy and an ANOVA analysis are used to establish the effect of the anodization parameters (i.e., anodization period and anodization offset) on the sensitivity of HSA-modified NAA-RFs toward indomethacin, a model drug. To this end, two sensing parameters are used, that is, shifts in the characteristic reflection peak (ΔλPeak) and changes in the effective optical thickness of the film (ΔOTeff). Subsequently, optimized NAA-RFs are used as sensing platforms to determine the binding affinity between a set of drugs (i.e., indomethacin, coumarin, sulfadymethoxine, warfarin, and salicylic acid) and HSA molecules. Our results verify that the combination of HSA-modified NAA-RFs with RIfS can be used as a portable, low-cost, and simple system for establishing the binding affinity between drugs and plasma proteins, which is a critical factor to develop efficient medicines for treating a broad range of diseases and medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Nemati
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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Santos A, Law CS, Pereira T, Losic D. Nanoporous hard data: optical encoding of information within nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8091-8100. [PMID: 27020686 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a method for storing binary data within the spectral signature of nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals. A rationally designed multi-sinusoidal anodisation approach makes it possible to engineer the photonic stop band of nanoporous anodic alumina with precision. As a result, the transmission spectrum of these photonic nanostructures can be engineered to feature well-resolved and selectively positioned characteristic peaks across the UV-visible spectrum. Using this property, we implement an 8-bit binary code and assess the versatility and capability of this system by a series of experiments aiming to encode different information within the nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals. The obtained results reveal that the proposed nanosized platform is robust, chemically stable, versatile and has a set of unique properties for data storage, opening new opportunities for developing advanced nanophotonic tools for a wide range of applications, including sensing, photonic tagging, self-reporting drug releasing systems and secure encoding of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Taj Pereira
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
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Santos A, Yoo JH, Rohatgi CV, Kumeria T, Wang Y, Losic D. Realisation and advanced engineering of true optical rugate filters based on nanoporous anodic alumina by sinusoidal pulse anodisation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1360-1373. [PMID: 26492584 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first realisation of true optical rugate filters (RFs) based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) by sinusoidal waves. An innovative and rationally designed sinusoidal pulse anodisation (SPA) approach in galvanostatic mode is used with the aim of engineering the effective medium of NAA in a sinusoidal fashion. A precise control over the different anodisation parameters (i.e. anodisation period, anodisation amplitude, anodisation offset, number of pulses, anodisation temperature and pore widening time) makes it possible to engineer the characteristic reflection peaks and interferometric colours of NAA-RFs, which can be finely tuned across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum. The effect of the aforementioned anodisation parameters on the photonic properties of NAA-RFs (i.e. characteristic reflection peaks and interferometric colours) is systematically assessed in order to establish for the first time a comprehensive rationale towards NAA-RFs with fully controllable photonic properties. The experimental results are correlated with a theoretical model (Looyenga-Landau-Lifshitz - LLL), demonstrating that the effective medium of these photonic nanostructures can be precisely described by the effective medium approximation. NAA-RFs are also demonstrated as chemically selective photonic platforms combined with reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). The resulting optical sensing system is used to assess the reversible binding affinity between a model drug (i.e. indomethacin) and human serum albumin (HSA) in real-time. Our results demonstrate that this system can be used to determine the overall pharmacokinetic profile of drugs, which is a critical aspect to be considered for the implementation of efficient medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jeong Ha Yoo
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Charu Vashisth Rohatgi
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
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Alsawat M, Kant K, Altalhi T, Santos A, Losic D. Influence of surface chemistry on the ionic conductivity of vertically aligned carbon nanotube composite membranes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties of vertically aligned CNT composite membranes produced by template-based catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition is tuned by chemical modification of their inner surfaces using simple oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alsawat
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Krishna Kant
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
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Vega V, García J, Montero-Moreno JM, Hernando B, Bachmann J, Prida VM, Nielsch K. Unveiling the Hard Anodization Regime of Aluminum: Insight into Nanopores Self-Organization and Growth Mechanism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28682-28692. [PMID: 26646814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pores growth mechanism and their self-ordering conditions are investigated for nanoporous alumina membranes synthesized by hard anodization (HA) of Al in a broad range of anodic conditions, covering oxalic acid electrolytes with concentrations from 0.300 M down to 0.075 M and potentiostatic anodization voltages between 120 and 225 V. The use of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, together with image analysis techniques allow one to characterize the intrinsic nature of the HA regime. HA of aluminum is explained on the basis of a phenomenological model taking into account the role of oxalate ions and their limited diffusion through alumina nanochannels from a bulk electrolyte. The depletion of oxalate ions at the bottom of the pores causes an increased growth of the alumina barrier layer at the oxide/electrolyte interface. Furthermore, an innovative method has been developed for the determination of the HA conditions leading to self-ordered pore growth in any given electrolyte, thus allowing one to extend the available range of interpore distances of the highly ordered hexagonal pore arrangement in a wide range of 240-507 nm, while keeping small pore diameters of 50-60 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Vega
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo , Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias Spain
- Laboratorio de Membranas Nanoporosas, Universidad de Oviedo , Edif. Severo Ochoa, Campus del Cristo s/n. 33006-Oviedo, Asturias Spain
| | - Javier García
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11, 20355-Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josep M Montero-Moreno
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11, 20355-Hamburg, Germany
| | - Blanca Hernando
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo , Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias Spain
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 1, 91058-Erlangen, Germany
| | - Víctor M Prida
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo , Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias Spain
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11, 20355-Hamburg, Germany
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Mao S, Chang J, Zhou G, Chen J. Nanomaterial-enabled Rapid Detection of Water Contaminants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5336-59. [PMID: 26315216 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water contaminants, e.g., inorganic chemicals and microorganisms, are critical metrics for water quality monitoring and have significant impacts on human health and plants/organisms living in water. The scope and focus of this review is nanomaterial-based optical, electronic, and electrochemical sensors for rapid detection of water contaminants, e.g., heavy metals, anions, and bacteria. These contaminants are commonly found in different water systems. The importance of water quality monitoring and control demands significant advancement in the detection of contaminants in water because current sensing technologies for water contaminants have limitations. The advantages of nanomaterial-based sensing technologies are highlighted and recent progress on nanomaterial-based sensors for rapid water contaminant detection is discussed. An outlook for future research into this rapidly growing field is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
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Chen Y, Santos A, Wang Y, Kumeria T, Li J, Wang C, Losic D. Biomimetic Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Distributed Bragg Reflectors in the Form of Films and Microsized Particles for Sensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19816-19824. [PMID: 26287736 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we produce for the first time biomimetic films and microsized particles based on nanoporous anodic alumina distributed Bragg reflectors (NAA-DBRs) by a rational galvanostatic pulse-anodization approach. These biomimetic photonic structures can feature a broad range of vivid bright colors, which can be tuned across the UV-visible spectrum by engineering their nanoporous structure through different anodization parameters. The effective medium of NAA-DBRs films is systematically assessed as a function of the anodization period, the anodization temperature, and the current density ratio by reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS). This analysis makes it possible to establish the most sensitive structure toward changes in its effective medium. Subsequently, specific detection of vitamin C molecules is demonstrated. The obtained results reveal that NAA-DBRs with optimized structure can achieve a low limit of detection for vitamin C molecules as low as 20 nM, a sensitivity of 227±4 nm μM(-1), and a linearity of 0.9985. Finally, as proof of concept, we developed a new photonic nanomaterial based on NAA-DBR microsized particles, which could provide new opportunities to produce microsized photonic analytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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Chen Y, Santos A, Wang Y, Kumeria T, Ho D, Li J, Wang C, Losic D. Rational Design of Photonic Dust from Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Films: A Versatile Photonic Nanotool for Visual Sensing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12893. [PMID: 26245759 PMCID: PMC4526863 DOI: 10.1038/srep12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a systematic study on the development, optimisation and applicability of interferometrically coloured distributed Bragg reflectors based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA-DBRs) in the form of films and nanoporous microparticles as visual/colorimetric analytical tools. Firstly, we synthesise a complete palette of NAA-DBRs by galvanostatic pulse anodisation approach, in which the current density is altered in a periodic fashion in order to engineer the effective medium of the resulting photonic films in depth. NAA-DBR photonic films feature vivid colours that can be tuned across the UV-visible-NIR spectrum by structural engineering. Secondly, the effective medium of the resulting photonic films is assessed systematically by visual analysis and reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) in order to establish the most optimal nanoporous platforms to develop visual/colorimetric tools. Then, we demonstrate the applicability of NAA-DBR photonic films as a chemically selective sensing platform for visual detection of mercury(II) ions. Finally, we generate a new nanomaterial, so-called photonic dust, by breaking down NAA-DBRs films into nanoporous microparticles. The resulting microparticles (μP-NAA-DBRs) display vivid colours and are sensitive towards changes in their effective medium, opening new opportunities for developing advanced photonic nanotools for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- 1] School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia [2] College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China [3] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daena Ho
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Junsheng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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On The Generation of Interferometric Colors in High Purity and Technical Grade Aluminum: An Alternative Green Process for Metal Finishing Industry. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Kumeria T, Ding F, Evdokiou A, Losic D, Santos A. Facile synthesis of optical microcavities by a rationally designed anodization approach: tailoring photonic signals by nanopore structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9879-9888. [PMID: 25901537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural engineering of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanostructures by anodization has been extensively studied in the past two decades. However, the transition of this technique into the fabrication of AAO-based one-dimensional photonic crystal is still challenging. Herein, we report for the first time on the fabrication of AAO optical microcavities by a rationally designed anodization approach. In our study, two feasible methods are used to fabricate microcavities with tunable resonance peak across the visible and near-infrared spectra. Distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) nanostructures are first fabricated by pulse anodization approach, in which the anodization voltage was periodically manipulated to achieve pseudosinusoidal modulation of the effective refractive index gradient along the depth of the AAO nanostructures. Microcavities were created by creating a nanoporous layer of constant porosity between two AAO-DBR nanostructures, and by introducing a shift of the phase of the porosity gradient along the depth of AAO. The position of the resonance peak in these microcavities can be linearly tuned by means of the duration of the high voltage anodization. These optical nanostructures are sensitive to alterations of the effective media inside the nanopores. The AAO microcavity shows a central wavelength shift of 2.58 ± 0.37 nm when exposed to water vapor. Our research highlights the feasibility of anodization technique to fabricate AAO-based photonic nanostructures for advanced sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- ‡Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yuting Chen
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Fuyuan Ding
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- ‡Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- †School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Chen Y, Santos A, Wang Y, Kumeria T, Wang C, Li J, Losic D. Interferometric nanoporous anodic alumina photonic coatings for optical sensing. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7770-7779. [PMID: 25849901 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00369e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a systematic study on the development, optical optimization and sensing applicability of colored photonic coatings based on nanoporous anodic alumina films grown on aluminum substrates. These optical nanostructures, so-called distributed Bragg reflectors (NAA-DBRs), are fabricated by galvanostatic pulse anodization process, in which the current density is altered in a periodic manner in order to engineer the effective medium of the resulting photonic coatings. As-prepared NAA-DBR photonic coatings present brilliant interference colors on the surface of aluminum, which can be tuned at will within the UV-visible spectrum by means of the anodization profile. A broad library of NAA-DBR colors is produced by means of different anodization profiles. Then, the effective medium of these NAA-DBR photonic coatings is systematically assessed in terms of optical sensitivity, low limit of detection and linearity by reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) in order to optimize their nanoporous structure toward optical sensors with enhanced sensing performance. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of these photonic nanostructures as optical platforms by selectively detecting gold(iii) ions in aqueous solutions. The obtained results reveal that optimized NAA-DBR photonic coatings can achieve an outstanding sensing performance for gold(iii) ions, with a sensitivity of 22.16 nm μM(-1), a low limit of detection of 0.156 μM (i.e. 30.7 ppb) and excellent linearity within the working range (0.9983).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
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Baranowska M, Slota AJ, Eravuchira PJ, Alba M, Formentin P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Protein attachment to silane-functionalized porous silicon: A comparison of electrostatic and covalent attachment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 452:180-189. [PMID: 25942096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is a prosperous biomaterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Obtaining regularly functionalized pSi surfaces is required in many biotechnology applications. Silane-PEG-NHS (triethoxysilane-polyethylene-glycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide) is useful for single-molecule studies due to its ability to attach to only one biomolecule. We investigate the functionalization of pSi with silane-PEG-NHS and compare it with two common grafting agents: APTMS (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane) as electrostatic linker, and APTMS modified with glutaraldehyde as covalent spacer. We show the arrangement of two proteins (collagen and bovine serum albumin) as a function of the functionalization and of the pore size. FTIR is used to demonstrate correct functionalization while fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that silane-PEG-NHS results in a more uniform protein distribution. Reflection interference spectroscopy (RIfS) is used to estimate the attachment of linker and proteins. The results open a way to obtain homogenous chemical modified silicon supports with a great value in biosensing, drug delivery and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranowska
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Agata J Slota
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pinkie J Eravuchira
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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Wang Y, Santos A, Evdokiou A, Losic D. Rational Design of Ultra-Short Anodic Alumina Nanotubes by Short-Time Pulse Anodization. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee J, Bae K, Kang G, Choi M, Baek S, Yoo DS, Lee CW, Kim K. Graded-lattice AAO photonic crystal heterostructure for high Q refractive index sensing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a low-cost and versatile high Q colorimetric refractive index sensor based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) graded-lattice photonic crystal heterostructure (PCH) template controlled by voltage pulse and electrolyte temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Gumin Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Minjung Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Seunghwa Baek
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Do-sik Yoo
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
- Hongik University
- Seoul 121-791
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoungsik Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
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41
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Ding Y, Fan Y, Zhang Y, He Y, Sun S, Ma H. Fabrication and optical sensing properties of mesoporous silica nanorod arrays. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mesoporous silica nanorod (MSNR) array on a gold (Au) film was fabricated and used as an optical waveguide (OWG) sensor. A resolution of the refractive index (RI) as high as 3.6 × 10−8 RIU was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Institute of optical imaging and sensing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Yong Fan
- Institute of optical imaging and sensing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Institute of optical imaging and sensing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Yonghong He
- Institute of optical imaging and sensing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Institute of optical imaging and sensing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of optical imaging and sensing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
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42
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Sensing and Biosensing Applications of Nanoporous Anodic Alumina. ELECTROCHEMICALLY ENGINEERED NANOPOROUS MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20346-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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43
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Saji VS, Kumeria T, Gulati K, Prideaux M, Rahman S, Alsawat M, Santos A, Atkins GJ, Losic D. Localized drug delivery of selenium (Se) using nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide for bone implants. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7090-7098. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Release behavior and cancer toxicity of different forms of Se loaded into nanoporous AAO were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
| | - Karan Gulati
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
| | - Shafiur Rahman
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
| | - Mohammed Alsawat
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Adelaide
- Adelaide 5005
- Australia
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