1
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Naimi N, Seyedmirzaei H, Hassannejad Z, Soltani Khaboushan A. Advanced nanoparticle strategies for optimizing RNA therapeutic delivery in neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116691. [PMID: 38713941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect many people worldwide, and as the population ages, the incidence of these conditions increases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Different medicines are being used to control symptoms related to these conditions, but no treatment has yet been approved. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in disease pathogenesis, and research on the pathophysiological pathways is still ongoing. The role of subcellular pathways and dysregulation in RNA pathways has been highlighted in pathophysiological studies, and treatment strategies focused on these pathways can be a promising approach. Many experiments have been conducted on delivering RNA cargo to the CNS to modulate various pathways involved. Yet another challenge to be faced is the effective transport of desired molecules to targets, which can be greatly hindered by distinct barriers limiting transport to the CNS, most noticeably the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotechnology and the use of different nano-carriers for the delivery of nucleotides, peptides, proteins, and drug molecules are currently of great interest as these carriers help with better delivery and protection and, as a result, improve the effectiveness of the cargo. Nanocarriers can protect susceptible RNA molecules from possible degradation or destruction and improve their ability to reach the brain by enhancing BBB penetration. Different mechanisms for this process have been hypothesized. This review will go through the therapeutic application of RNA molecules in the treatment of AD and PD and the role of nanocarriers in overcoming delivery challenges and enhancing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Naimi
- Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Gharatape A, Sadeghi-Abandansari H, Seifalian A, Faridi-Majidi R, Basiri M. Nanocarrier-based gene delivery for immune cell engineering. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3356-3375. [PMID: 38505950 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Clinical advances in genetically modified immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, have raised hope for cancer treatment. The majority of these biotechnologies are based on viral methods for ex vivo genetic modification of the immune cells, while the non-viral methods are still in the developmental phase. Nanocarriers have been emerging as materials of choice for gene delivery to immune cells. This is due to their versatile physicochemical properties such as large surface area and size that can be optimized to overcome several practical barriers to successful gene delivery. The in vivo nanocarrier-based gene delivery can revolutionize cell-based cancer immunotherapies by replacing the current expensive autologous cell manufacturing with an off-the-shelf biomaterial-based platform. The aim of this research is to review current advances and strategies to overcome the challenges in nanoparticle-based gene delivery and their impact on the efficiency, safety, and specificity of the process. The main focus is on polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers, and their recent preclinical applications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharatape
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Sadeghi-Abandansari
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, & Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology and Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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3
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Alfei S. Cationic Materials for Gene Therapy: A Look Back to the Birth and Development of 2,2-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)Propanoic Acid-Based Dendrimer Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16006. [PMID: 37958989 PMCID: PMC10649874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is extensively studied as a realistic and promising therapeutic approach for treating inherited and acquired diseases by repairing defective genes through introducing (transfection) the "healthy" genetic material in the diseased cells. To succeed, the proper DNA or RNA fragments need efficient vectors, and viruses are endowed with excellent transfection efficiency and have been extensively exploited. Due to several drawbacks related to their use, nonviral cationic materials, including lipidic, polymeric, and dendrimer vectors capable of electrostatically interacting with anionic phosphate groups of genetic material, represent appealing alternative options to viral carriers. Particularly, dendrimers are highly branched, nanosized synthetic polymers characterized by a globular structure, low polydispersity index, presence of internal cavities, and a large number of peripheral functional groups exploitable to bind cationic moieties. Dendrimers are successful in several biomedical applications and are currently extensively studied for nonviral gene delivery. Among dendrimers, those derived by 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid (b-HMPA), having, unlike PAMAMs, a neutral polyester-based scaffold, could be particularly good-looking due to their degradability in vivo. Here, an overview of gene therapy, its objectives and challenges, and the main cationic materials studied for transporting and delivering genetic materials have been reported. Subsequently, due to their high potential for application in vivo, we have focused on the biodegradable dendrimer scaffolds, telling the history of the birth and development of b-HMPA-derived dendrimers. Finally, thanks to a personal experience in the synthesis of b-HMPA-based dendrimers, our contribution to this field has been described. In particular, we have enriched this work by reporting about the b-HMPA-based derivatives peripherally functionalized with amino acids prepared by us in recent years, thus rendering this paper original and different from the existing reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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4
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Abbasi Dezfouli S, Rajendran AP, Claerhout J, Uludag H. Designing Nanomedicines for Breast Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1559. [PMID: 37892241 PMCID: PMC10605068 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, breast cancer became the most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Conventional chemotherapies have major side effects due to their non-specific activities. Alternatively, short interfering RNA(siRNA)-carrying nanoparticles (NPs) have a high potential to overcome this non-specificity. Lipid-substituted polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers (lipopolymers) have been reported as efficient non-viral carriers of siRNA. This study aims to engineer novel siRNA/lipopolymer nanocomplexes by incorporating anionic additives to obtain gene silencing through siRNA activity with minimal nonspecific toxicity. We first optimized our polyplexes in GFP+ MDA-MB-231 cells to effectively silence the GFP gene. Inclusion of phosphate buffer with pH 8.0 as complex preparation media and N-Lauroylsarcosine Sodium Salt as additive, achieved ~80% silencing with the least amount of undesired cytotoxicity, which was persistent for at least 6 days. The survivin gene was then selected as a target in MDA-MB-231 cells since there is no strong drug (i.e., small organic molecule) for inhibition of its oncogenic activity. The qRT-PCR, flow cytometry analysis and MTT assay revealed >80% silencing, ~95% cell uptake and >70% cell killing by the same formulation. We conclude that our lipopolymer can be further investigated as a lead non-viral carrier for breast cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Abbasi Dezfouli
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada;
| | - Amarnath P. Rajendran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada;
| | - Jillian Claerhout
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada;
| | - Hasan Uludag
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada;
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada
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5
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Wang W, Hassan MM, Mao G. Colloidal Perspective on Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3235-3245. [PMID: 36825490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a new approach in targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) in a significant departure from the predominant systematic drug administration attempting to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles chemically conjugated to neural tract tracer proteins are capable of path-specific axonal retrograde transport, transneuronal transport, and anatomical tract flow to bypass the BBB. To celebrate the work by Dr. Bettye Washington Greene on the physical chemistry of colloidal particles, this article focuses on the physiochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, various colloidal forces that impact the colloidal stability of nanoparticles in biological media, and surface chemistry strategies to avoid nanoparticle aggregation-induced poor therapeutic outcomes. The biological environment for the anatomical retrograde transport of neural tract tracers is examined to directly link factors impacting the colloidal stability of the new class of CNS-targeting nanoconjugates such as nanoconjugate size, shape, surface charge, surface chemistry, ionic strength, pH, and protein adsorption on the nanoparticle. We conclude with opportunities and challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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6
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Craciun BF, Clima L, Bostiog DI, Silion M, Calin M, Peptanariu D, Pinteala M. Multilayer gold nanoparticles as non-viral vectors for targeting MCF-7 cancer cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213201. [PMID: 36436432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cargocomplexes play a vital role in non-viral delivery methods due to their capacity to target certain cells (or cells through the cell-division cycle) and inject their (macro)molecular "cargo" into them. The development of gene carriers that can efficiently transport and deliver genetic material into human-targeted cells with minimal toxicity is an important challenge in the field. The present study reports the straightforward preparation and testing of a modular non-viral gene carrier based on AuNPs. The design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of multilayer gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as non-viral gene carriers with high transfection efficiency, reduced cytotoxicity for targeted therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids to MCF-7 cancer cells are presented. The developed non-viral vector is based on supramolecular "host-guest" inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin, positioned on the AuNPs surface over a layer of polyethyleneimine, and adamantyl moiety from polyethylene glycol conjugated decapeptide (WXEAAYQRFL). First, the β-CD functionalized PEI was utilized as the template for the synthesis of AuNPs of controlled sizes. The reaction produced small AuNPs with a cationic layer which is known for efficient condensation of genetic material and β-CD suitable for the decoration of the carrier with targeting moieties using "host-guest" inclusion complexation. Subsequently, adamantine-polyethylene glycol conjugated decapeptide was attached to the AuNPs. The in vitro results have validated the ability of the proposed systems to selectively target tumor cells with high efficacy and low toxicity due to the unique affinity of the aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles toward breast cancer cells. The findings of this work demonstrated that the proposed modular system may represent a very promising platform for the AuNP-based non-viral vectors mainly due to the versatility of the system, which allows for the facile exchange of several types of ligands for improving the targeting properties and transfection efficiency, or for providing better protection from the endocytotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Florin Craciun
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Lilia Clima
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Denisse-Iulia Bostiog
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Silion
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- Medical and Pharmaceutical BioNanoTechnologies Laboratory (BioNanoMed), "Nicolae Simionescu" Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Peptanariu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
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7
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Rennick JJ, Nowell CJ, Pouton CW, Johnston APR. Resolving subcellular pH with a quantitative fluorescent lifetime biosensor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6023. [PMID: 36224168 PMCID: PMC9556823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in sub-cellular pH play a key role in metabolism, membrane transport, and triggering cargo release from therapeutic delivery systems. Most methods to measure pH rely on intensity changes of pH sensitive fluorophores, however, these measurements are hampered by high uncertainty in the inferred pH and the need for multiple fluorophores. To address this, here we combine pH dependant fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (pHLIM) with deep learning to accurately quantify sub-cellular pH in individual vesicles. We engineer the pH sensitive protein mApple to localise in the cytosol, endosomes, and lysosomes, and demonstrate that pHLIM can rapidly detect pH changes induced by drugs such as bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine. We also demonstrate that polyethylenimine (a common transfection reagent) does not exhibit a proton sponge effect and had no measurable impact on the pH of endocytic vesicles. pHLIM is a simple and quantitative method that will help to understand drug action and disease progression. Measuring sub-cellular pH with high accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution remains challenging. Here, Johnston and co-workers develop a pH biosensor that combines the pH dependant fluorescent lifetime of mApple with deep learning to accurately determine sub-cellular pH in individual vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Rennick
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Arsenie LV, Hausig F, Kellner C, Brendel JC, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Ladmiral V, Catrouillet S. Stimuli-Responsive Thiomorpholine Oxide-Derived Polymers with Tailored Hydrophilicity and Hemocompatible Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134233. [PMID: 35807477 PMCID: PMC9268026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermo-responsive hydrophilic polymers, including those showing tuneable lower critical solution temperature (LCST), represent a continuous subject of exploration for a variety of applications, but particularly in nanomedicine. Since biological pH changes can inform the organism about the presence of disequilibrium or diseases, the development of dual LCST/pH-responsive hydrophilic polymers with biological potential is an attractive subject in polymer science. Here, we present a novel polymer featuring LCST/pH double responsiveness. The monomer ethylthiomorpholine oxide methacrylate (THOXMA) can be polymerised via the RAFT process to obtain well-defined polymers. Copolymers with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were prepared, which allowed the tuning of the LCST behaviour of the polymers. Both, the LCST behaviour and pH responsiveness of hydrophilic PTHOXMA were tested by following the evolution of particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS). In weak and strong alkaline conditions, cloud points ranged between 40–60 °C, while in acidic medium no LCST was found due to the protonation of the amine of the THOX moieties. Additional cytotoxicity assays confirmed a high biocompatibility of PTHOXMA and haemolysis and aggregation assays proved that the thiomorpholine oxide-derived polymers did not cause aggregation or lysis of red blood cells. These preliminary results bode well for the use of PTHOXMA as smart material in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.H.); (C.K.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Carolin Kellner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.H.); (C.K.); (J.C.B.)
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.H.); (C.K.); (J.C.B.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Vincent Ladmiral
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (L.V.A.); (P.L.-D.)
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvain Catrouillet
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (L.V.A.); (P.L.-D.)
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (S.C.)
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9
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Pugsley CE, Isaac RE, Warren NJ, Behra JS, Cappelle K, Dominguez-Espinosa R, Cayre OJ. Protection of Double-Stranded RNA via Complexation with Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers: Influence of Neutral Block Length in Biologically Relevant Environments. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2362-2373. [PMID: 35549247 PMCID: PMC9198985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Interaction between
the anionic phosphodiester backbone of DNA/RNA
and polycations can be exploited as a means of delivering genetic
material for therapeutic and agrochemical applications. In this work,
quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PQDMAEMA-b-PDMAm) double hydrophilic block copolymers
(DHBCs) were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation
chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization as nonviral delivery vehicles
for double-stranded RNA. The assembly of DHBCs and dsRNA forms distinct
polyplexes that were thoroughly characterized to establish a relationship
between the length of the uncharged poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)
(PDMA) block and the polyplex size, complexation efficiency, and colloidal
stability. Dynamic light scattering reveals the formation of smaller
polyplexes with increasing PDMA lengths, while gel electrophoresis
confirms that these polyplexes require higher N/P ratio for full complexation.
DHBC polyplexes exhibit enhanced stability in low ionic strength environments
in comparison to homopolymer-based polyplexes. In vitro enzymatic degradation assays demonstrate that both homopolymer and
DHBC polymers efficiently protect dsRNA from degradation by RNase
A enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Pugsley
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - R Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette S Behra
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kaat Cappelle
- Syngenta Ghent Innovation Center, Technologiepark 30, B-9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Rosa Dominguez-Espinosa
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, England
| | - Olivier J Cayre
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Roy SM, Barman S, Basu A, Ghatak T, Pore SK, Ghosh SK, Mukherjee R, Maity AR. Amine as a bottom-line functionality on DDS surface for efficient endosomal escape and further subcellular targets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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McGraw E, Roberts JD, Kunte N, Westerfield M, Streety X, Held D, Avila LA. Insight into Cellular Uptake and Transcytosis of Peptide Nanoparticles in Spodoptera frugiperda Cells and Isolated Midgut. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10933-10943. [PMID: 35415340 PMCID: PMC8991906 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silencing genes in insects by introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the diet holds promise as a new pest management method. It has been demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) can potentiate dsRNA silencing effects by promoting cellular internalization and protecting dsRNA against early degradation. However, many mysteries of how NPs and dsRNA are internalized by gut epithelial cells and, subsequently, transported across the midgut epithelium remain to be unraveled. The sole purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of endocytosis and transcytosis in the transport of branched amphipathic peptide nanocapsules (BAPCs) associated with dsRNA through midgut epithelium cells. Spodoptera frugiperda midguts and the epithelial cell line Sf9, derived from S. frugiperda, were used to study transcytosis and endocytosis, respectively. Results suggest that clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis are largely responsible for cellular uptake, and once within the midgut, transcytosis is involved in shuttling BAPCs-dsRNA from the lumen to the hemolymph. In addition, BAPCs were not found to be toxic to Sf9 cells or generate damaging reactive species once internalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin McGraw
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Roberts
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Nitish Kunte
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Matthew Westerfield
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - Xavier Streety
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - David Held
- Department
of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn
University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5412, United States
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12
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Rotov AY, Romanov IS, Tarakanchikova YV, Astakhova LA. Application Prospects for Synthetic Nanoparticles in Optogenetic Retinal Prosthetics. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Chemically Induced pH Perturbations for Analyzing Biological Barriers Using Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217277. [PMID: 34770587 PMCID: PMC8588202 DOI: 10.3390/s21217277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric pH measurements have long been used for the bioanalysis of biofluids, tissues, and cells. A glass pH electrode and ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) can measure the time course of pH changes in a microenvironment as a result of physiological and biological activities. However, the signal interpretation of passive pH sensing is difficult because many biological activities influence the spatiotemporal distribution of pH in the microenvironment. Moreover, time course measurement suffers from stability because of gradual drifts in signaling. To address these issues, an active method of pH sensing was developed for the analysis of the cell barrier in vitro. The microenvironmental pH is temporarily perturbed by introducing a low concentration of weak acid (NH4+) or base (CH3COO−) to cells cultured on the gate insulator of ISFET using a superfusion system. Considering the pH perturbation originates from the semi-permeability of lipid bilayer plasma membranes, induced proton dynamics are used for analyzing the biomembrane barriers against ions and hydrated species following interaction with exogenous reagents. The unique feature of the method is the sensitivity to the formation of transmembrane pores as small as a proton (H+), enabling the analysis of cell–nanomaterial interactions at the molecular level. The new modality of cell analysis using ISFET is expected to be applied to nanomedicine, drug screening, and tissue engineering.
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Marschall ALJ. Targeting the Inside of Cells with Biologicals: Chemicals as a Delivery Strategy. BioDrugs 2021; 35:643-671. [PMID: 34705260 PMCID: PMC8548996 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Delivering macromolecules into the cytosol or nucleus is possible in vitro for DNA, RNA and proteins, but translation for clinical use has been limited. Therapeutic delivery of macromolecules into cells requires overcoming substantially higher barriers compared to the use of small molecule drugs or proteins in the extracellular space. Breakthroughs like DNA delivery for approved gene therapies and RNA delivery for silencing of genes (patisiran, ONPATTRO®, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA) or for vaccination such as the RNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines demonstrated the feasibility of using macromolecules inside cells for therapy. Chemical carriers are part of the reason why these novel RNA-based therapeutics possess sufficient efficacy for their clinical application. A clear advantage of synthetic chemicals as carriers for macromolecule delivery is their favourable properties with respect to production and storage compared to more bioinspired vehicles like viral vectors or more complex drugs like cellular therapies. If biologicals can be applied to intracellular targets, the druggable space is substantially broadened by circumventing the limited utility of small molecules for blocking protein–protein interactions and the limitation of protein-based drugs to the extracellular space. An in depth understanding of the macromolecular cargo types, carrier types and the cell biology of delivery is crucial for optimal application and further development of biologicals inside cells. Basic mechanistic principles of the molecular and cell biological aspects of cytosolic/nuclear delivery of macromolecules, with particular consideration of protein delivery, are reviewed here. The efficiency of macromolecule delivery and applications in research and therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L J Marschall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.
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15
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Monnery BD. Polycation-Mediated Transfection: Mechanisms of Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4060-4083. [PMID: 34498457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyplex-mediated gene transfection is now in its' fourth decade of serious research, but the promise of polyplex-mediated gene therapy has yet to fully materialize. Only approximately one in a million applied plasmids actually expresses. A large part of this is due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of polyplex transfection. There is an assumption that internalization must follow a canonical mechanism of receptor mediated endocytosis. Herein, we present arguments that untargeted (and most targeted) polyplexes do not utilize these routes. By incorporating knowledge of syndecan-polyplex interactions, we can show that syndecans are the "target" for polyplexes. Further, it is known that free polycations (which disrupt cell-membranes by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipid esters) are necessary for (untargeted) endocytosis. This can be incorporated into the model to produce a novel mechanism of endocytosis, which fits the observed phenomenology. After membrane translocation, polyplex containing vesicles reach the endosome after diffusing through the actin mesh below the cell membrane. From there, they are acidified and trafficked toward the lysosome. Some polyplexes are capable of escaping the endosome and unpacking, while others are not. Herein, it is argued that for some polycations, as acidification proceeds the polyplexes excluding free polycations, which disrupt the endosomal membrane by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, allowing the polyplex to escape. The polyplex's internal charge ratio is now insufficient for stability and it releases plasmids which diffuse to the nucleus. A small proportion of these plasmids diffuse through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), with aggregation being the major cause of loss. Those plasmids that have diffused through the NPC will also aggregate, and this appears to be the reason such a small proportion of nuclear plasmids express mRNA. Thus, the structural features which promote unpacking in the endosome and allow for endosomal escape can be determined, and better polycations can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Monnery
- Department of Organic and (Bio)Polymer Chemistry, Hasselt University, Building F, Agoralaan 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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16
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Lv S, Sylvestre M, Prossnitz AN, Yang LF, Pun SH. Design of Polymeric Carriers for Intracellular Peptide Delivery in Oncology Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11653-11698. [PMID: 33566580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, peptides, which can possess high potency, excellent selectivity, and low toxicity, have emerged as promising therapeutics for cancer applications. Combined with an improved understanding of tumor biology and immuno-oncology, peptides have demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy in preclinical tumor models. However, the translation of peptides with intracellular targets into clinical therapies has been severely hindered by limitations in their intrinsic structure, such as low systemic stability, rapid clearance, and poor membrane permeability, that impede intracellular delivery. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in polymer-mediated intracellular delivery of peptides for cancer therapy, including both therapeutic peptides and peptide antigens. We highlight strategies to engineer polymeric materials to increase peptide delivery efficiency, especially cytosolic delivery, which plays a crucial role in potentiating peptide-based therapies. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for peptides in cancer treatment, with an emphasis on the design of polymer nanocarriers for optimized peptide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander N Prossnitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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17
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Tarvirdipour S, Skowicki M, Schoenenberger CA, Palivan CG. Peptide-Assisted Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems on the Rise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9092. [PMID: 34445799 PMCID: PMC8396486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns associated with nanocarriers' therapeutic efficacy and side effects have led to the development of strategies to advance them into targeted and responsive delivery systems. Owing to their bioactivity and biocompatibility, peptides play a key role in these strategies and, thus, have been extensively studied in nanomedicine. Peptide-based nanocarriers, in particular, have burgeoned with advances in purely peptidic structures and in combinations of peptides, both native and modified, with polymers, lipids, and inorganic nanoparticles. In this review, we summarize advances on peptides promoting gene delivery systems. The efficacy of nucleic acid therapies largely depends on cell internalization and the delivery to subcellular organelles. Hence, the review focuses on nanocarriers where peptides are pivotal in ferrying nucleic acids to their site of action, with a special emphasis on peptides that assist anionic, water-soluble nucleic acids in crossing the membrane barriers they encounter on their way to efficient function. In a second part, we address how peptides advance nanoassembly delivery tools, such that they navigate delivery barriers and release their nucleic acid cargo at specific sites in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Tarvirdipour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biosystem Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Skowicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (M.S.)
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cora-Ann Schoenenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (M.S.)
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (M.S.)
- NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Hausig F, Sobotta FH, Richter F, Harz DO, Traeger A, Brendel JC. Correlation between Protonation of Tailor-Made Polypiperazines and Endosomal Escape for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35233-35247. [PMID: 34283557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive polymers, which become protonated at decreasing pH, are considered a milestone in the development of synthetic cell entry vectors. Exact correlations between their properties and their ability to escape the endosome, however, often remain elusive due to hydrophobic interactions or limitations in the design of water-soluble materials with suitable basicity. Here, we present a series of well-defined, hydrophilic polypiperazines, where systematic variation of the amino moiety facilitates an unprecedented fine-tuning of the basicity or pKa value within the physiologically relevant range (pH 6-7.4). Coincubation of HEK 293T cells with various probes, including small fluorophores or functioning proteins, revealed a rapid increase of endosomal release for polymers with pKa values above 6.5 or 7 in serum-free or serum-containing media, respectively. Similarly, cytotoxic effects became severe at increased pKa values (>7). Although the window for effective transport appears narrow, the discovered correlations offer a principal guideline for the design of effective polymers for endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fabian H Sobotta
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dominic O Harz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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19
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J, Layek B. A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2055-2073. [PMID: 34087309 PMCID: PMC8266766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy encompasses the transfer of exogenous genetic materials into the patient's target cells to treat or prevent diseases. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic material into desired cells is challenging and often requires specialized tools or delivery systems. For the past 40 years, scientists are mainly pursuing various viruses as gene delivery vectors, and the overall progress has been slow and far from the expectation. As an alternative, nonviral vectors have gained substantial attention due to their several advantages, including superior safety profile, enhanced payload capacity, and stealth abilities. Since nonviral vectors encounter multiple extra- and intra-cellular barriers limiting the transfer of genetic payload into the target cell nucleus, we have discussed these barriers in detail for this review. A direct approach, utilizing physical methods like electroporation, sonoporation, gene gun, eliminate the requirement for a specific carrier for gene delivery. In contrast, chemical methods of gene transfer exploit natural or synthetic compounds as carriers to increase cellular targeting and gene therapy effectiveness. We have also emphasized the recent advancements aimed at enhancing the current nonviral approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on discussing the current evolving state of nonviral gene delivery systems and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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20
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Liu Z, Wang S, Tapeinos C, Torrieri G, Känkänen V, El-Sayed N, Python A, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Non-viral nanoparticles for RNA interference: Principles of design and practical guidelines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:576-612. [PMID: 34019958 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is an innovative treatment strategy for a myriad of indications. Non-viral synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn extensive attention as vectors for RNAi due to their potential advantages, including improved safety, high delivery efficiency and economic feasibility. However, the complex natural process of RNAi and the susceptible nature of oligonucleotides render the NPs subject to particular design principles and requirements for practical fabrication. Here, we summarize the requirements and obstacles for fabricating non-viral nano-vectors for efficient RNAi. To address the delivery challenges, we discuss practical guidelines for materials selection and NP synthesis in order to maximize RNA encapsulation efficiency and protection against degradation, and to facilitate the cytosolic release of oligonucleotides. The current status of clinical translation of RNAi-based therapies and further perspectives for reducing the potential side effects are also reviewed.
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21
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Graceffa V. Physical and mechanical cues affecting biomaterial-mediated plasmid DNA delivery: insights into non-viral delivery systems. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34142237 PMCID: PMC8211807 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst traditional strategies to increase transfection efficiency of non-viral systems aimed at modifying the vector or the polyplexes/lipoplexes, biomaterial-mediated gene delivery has recently sparked increased interest. This review aims at discussing biomaterial properties and unravelling underlying mechanisms of action, for biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. DNA internalisation and cytoplasmic transport are initially discussed. DNA immobilisation, encapsulation and surface-mediated gene delivery (SMD), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues, biomaterial stiffness and mechanical stimulation are finally outlined. MAIN TEXT Endocytic pathways and mechanisms to escape the lysosomal network are highly variable. They depend on cell and DNA complex types but can be diverted using appropriate biomaterials. 3D scaffolds are generally fabricated via DNA immobilisation or encapsulation. Degradation rate and interaction with the vector affect temporal patterns of DNA release and transgene expression. In SMD, DNA is instead coated on 2D surfaces. SMD allows the incorporation of topographical cues, which, by inducing cytoskeletal re-arrangements, modulate DNA endocytosis. Incorporation of ECM mimetics allows cell type-specific transfection, whereas in spite of discordances in terms of optimal loading regimens, it is recognised that mechanical loading facilitates gene transfection. Finally, stiffer 2D substrates enhance DNA internalisation, whereas in 3D scaffolds, the role of stiffness is still dubious. CONCLUSION Although it is recognised that biomaterials allow the creation of tailored non-viral gene delivery systems, there still are many outstanding questions. A better characterisation of endocytic pathways would allow the diversion of cell adhesion processes and cytoskeletal dynamics, in order to increase cellular transfection. Further research on optimal biomaterial mechanical properties, cell ligand density and loading regimens is limited by the fact that such parameters influence a plethora of other different processes (e.g. cellular adhesion, spreading, migration, infiltration, and proliferation, DNA diffusion and release) which may in turn modulate gene delivery. Only a better understanding of these processes may allow the creation of novel robust engineered systems, potentially opening up a whole new area of biomaterial-guided gene delivery for non-viral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
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22
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Boonstra E, Hatano H, Miyahara Y, Uchida S, Goda T, Cabral H. A proton/macromolecule-sensing approach distinguishes changes in biological membrane permeability during polymer/lipid-based nucleic acid delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4298-4302. [PMID: 34018540 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal escape is crucial for the delivery of nucleic acids. However, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still deficient. In this work, we explored the effects of lipid- and polymer-based transfection reagents on the permeability of cellular membranes through an innovative method combining a proton-sensing transistor and a cytosolic LDH leakage assay, which allows us to distinguish between modes of molecule permeation that may occur during endosomal escape. By testing the commercial reagents lipofectin and in vivo JetPEI under physiological and endosomal pH conditions, we found that both lipid- and polymer-based transfection reagents have pH-dependent pore-forming activity, with the former creating smaller pores than the latter. This versatile approach of assessing carrier-membrane interactions is expected to contribute to the development of next-generation nucleic acid delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eger Boonstra
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Goda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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23
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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24
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Singh R, Kumar P. Disaccharide-polyethylenimine organic nanoparticles as non-toxic in vitro gene transporters and their anticancer potential. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104918. [PMID: 33932768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimines (PEIs) have been shown as efficient gene delivery vectors due to their unique properties, however, toxicity as well as non-specific interactions with the tissues/cells because of high charge density have hampered their use in clinical applications. To counter these concerns, here, we have prepared disachharide-PEI organic nanoparticles by mixing PEIs with non-reducing disaccharides, i.e. trehalose (TPONs) and sucrose (SPONs), under mild conditions. The fabricated nanoparticles were complexed with pDNA and size of these complexes was found in the range of ~130-162 nm with zeta potential ~ +8-25 mV. Further evaluation of these nanoparticles revealed that substitution of disaccharides on PEIs successfully augmented cell viability. Transfection efficiency exhibited by these complexes was significantly higher than the unmodified polymer and the standard, Lipofectamine, complexes. Fabrication of organic nanoparticles did not alter the buffering capacity considerably which was found to be instrumental during endosomal escape of the complexes. Among both the series of nanoparticles, trehalose-PEI organic nanoparticles (TPONs) exhibited greater pDNA transportation potential than sucrose-PEI organic nanoparticles (SPONs) which was also established by flow cytometric data, wherein percent cells expressing GFP was higher in case of TP/pDNA complexes as compared to SP/pDNA complexes. Interestingly, TPONs also showed promising anticancer activity on cancer cell lines i.e. Mg63, MCF-7 and HepG2. Overall, the results advocate promising potential of disaccharide-PEI organic nanoparticles as efficient gene delivery agents which can be used effectively in future gene therapy applications along with anti-cancer competence of TPONs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Singh
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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25
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Qamar B, Solomon M, Marin A, Fuerst TR, Andrianov AK, Muro S. Intracellular Delivery of Active Proteins by Polyphosphazene Polymers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:249. [PMID: 33578893 PMCID: PMC7916676 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving intracellular delivery of protein therapeutics within cells remains a significant challenge. Although custom formulations are available for some protein therapeutics, the development of non-toxic delivery systems that can incorporate a variety of active protein cargo and maintain their stability, is a topic of great relevance. This study utilized ionic polyphosphazenes (PZ) that can assemble into supramolecular complexes through non-covalent interactions with different types of protein cargo. We tested a PEGylated graft copolymer (PZ-PEG) and a pyrrolidone containing linear derivative (PZ-PYR) for their ability to intracellularly deliver FITC-avidin, a model protein. In endothelial cells, PZ-PYR/protein exhibited both faster internalization and higher uptake levels than PZ-PEG/protein, while in cancer cells both polymers achieved similar uptake levels over time, although the internalization rate was slower for PZ-PYR/protein. Uptake was mediated by endocytosis through multiple mechanisms, PZ-PEG/avidin colocalized more profusely with endo-lysosomes, and PZ-PYR/avidin achieved greater cytosolic delivery. Consequently, a PZ-PYR-delivered anti-F-actin antibody was able to bind to cytosolic actin filaments without needing cell permeabilization. Similarly, a cell-impermeable Bax-BH3 peptide known to induce apoptosis, decreased cell viability when complexed with PZ-PYR, demonstrating endo-lysosomal escape. These biodegradable PZs were non-toxic to cells and represent a promising platform for drug delivery of protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bareera Qamar
- College of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (M.S.); (A.M.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (M.S.); (A.M.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Thomas R. Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (M.S.); (A.M.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Alexander K. Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (M.S.); (A.M.); (T.R.F.)
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (M.S.); (A.M.); (T.R.F.)
- Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Chivu A, Chindera K, Mendes G, An A, Davidson B, Good L, Song W. Cellular gene delivery via poly(hexamethylene biguanide)/pDNA self-assembled nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:62-71. [PMID: 33176193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular gene delivery via polycations has wide implications for the potential of gene therapy, but it has remained a challenge due to the plethora of pre- and post-uptake barriers that must be overcome to reach desired efficiency. Herein we report poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) as a nano-vector for intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). PHMB and pDNA or ODNs self-assembled into complex nanoparticles at different pH values (7.4 and 12). Their size, charge, cellular uptake, and gene-expression efficiency are assessed and compared to PEI analogues. The systematic results show that the nanoparticles are effective in delivering plasmid DNA and ODNs to model cell lines in culture (HepG2, HEK293T, HeLa), with measurable changes in gene expression levels, comparable to and, in some conditions, even higher than PEI. The well-accepted safety profile of PHMB makes it a valuable candidate for consideration as an effective intracellular DNA vector for further study and potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Chivu
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Kantaraja Chindera
- Department of Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - Graça Mendes
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Angela An
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Davidson
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Good
- Department of Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Wenhui Song
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
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27
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Routkevitch D, Sudhakar D, Conge M, Varanasi M, Tzeng SY, Wilson DR, Green JJ. Efficiency of Cytosolic Delivery with Poly(β-amino ester) Nanoparticles is Dependent on the Effective p Ka of the Polymer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3411-3421. [PMID: 33463158 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which cationic polymers containing titratable amines mediate effective endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of nucleic acids is not well understood despite the decades of research devoted to these materials. Here, we utilize multiple assays investigating the endosomal escape step associated with plasmid delivery by polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(β-amino esters) (PBAEs) to improve the understanding of how these cationic polymers enable gene delivery. To probe the role of these materials in facilitating endosomal escape, we utilized vesicle membrane leakage and extracellular pH modulation assays to demonstrate the influence of polymer buffering capacity and effective pKa on the delivery of the plasmid DNA. Our results demonstrate that transfection with PBAEs is highly sensitive to the effective pKa of the overall polymer, which has broad implications for transfection. In more acidic environments, PBAE-mediated transfection was inhibited, while PEI was relatively unaffected. In neutral to basic environments, PBAEs have high buffering capacities that led to dramatically improved transfection efficacy. The cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles overall was unchanged as a function of pH, indicating that microenvironmental acidity was important for downstream intracellular delivery efficiency. Overall, this study motivates the use of polymer chemical characteristics, such as effective pKa values, to more efficiently evaluate new polymeric materials for enhanced intracellular delivery characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Routkevitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Deepti Sudhakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Marranne Conge
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Mahita Varanasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Oncology and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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28
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Richter F, Martin L, Leer K, Moek E, Hausig F, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tuning of endosomal escape and gene expression by functional groups, molecular weight and transfection medium: a structure-activity relationship study. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5026-5041. [PMID: 32319993 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of genetic material by non-viral transfer systems is still in its initial stages, but there are high expectations for the development of targeted therapies. However, nucleic acids cannot enter cells without help, they must be well protected to prevent degradation and overcome a variety of biological barriers, the endosomal barrier being one of the greatest cellular challenges. Herein, the structure-property-relationship was investigated in detail, using well-defined polymers. Polyacrylamides were synthesized via RAFT polymerization resulting in a polymer library of (i) different cationic groups as aminoethyl acrylamide (AEAm), dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide (DMAEAm), dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAm) and guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm); (ii) different degree of polymerization; and investigated (iii) in different cell culture settings. The influence of molar mass and cationic moiety on complex formation with pDNA, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of the polymers were investigated. The systematic approach identified a pH-independent guanidinium-containing homopolymer (PGPAm89) as the polymer with the highest transfection efficiency and superior endosomal release under optimal conditions. Since PGPAm89 is not further protonated inside endosomes, common escape theories appear unsuitable. Therefore, the interaction with bis(monoacryloylglycerol)phosphate, a lipid specific for endosomal vesicles, was investigated. Our research suggests that the interactions between amines and lipids may be more relevant than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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29
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Jiang Y, Lu Q, Wang Y, Xu E, Ho A, Singh P, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Yang F, Tietjen GT, Cresswell P, Saltzman WM. Quantitating Endosomal Escape of a Library of Polymers for mRNA Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1117-1123. [PMID: 32003222 PMCID: PMC7195212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal escape is a key step for intracellular drug delivery of nucleic acids, but reliable and sensitive methods for its quantitation remain an unmet need. In order to rationally optimize the mRNA transfection efficiency of a library of polymeric materials, we designed a deactivated Renilla luciferase-derived molecular probe whose activity can be restored only in the cytosol. This probe can be coencapsulated with mRNA in the same delivery vehicle, thereby accurately measuring its endosomal escape efficiency. We examined a library of poly(amine-co-ester) (PACE) polymers with different end groups using this probe and observed a strong correlation between endosomal escape and transfection efficiency (R2 = 0.9334). In addition, we found that mRNA encapsulation efficiency and endosomal escape, but not uptake, were determinant factors for transfection efficiency. The polymers with high endosomal escape/transfection efficiency in vitro also showed good transfection efficiency in vivo, and mRNA expression was primarily observed in spleens after intravenous delivery. Together, our study suggests that the luciferase probe can be used as an effective tool to quantitate endosomal escape, which is essential for rational optimization of intracellular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Immunobiology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Emily Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Alison Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Zhaozhong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Gregory T Tietjen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
- Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Peter Cresswell
- Department of Immunobiology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut 06510 , United States
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30
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Allen J, Najjar K, Erazo-Oliveras A, Kondow-McConaghy HM, Brock DJ, Graham K, Hager EC, Marschall ALJ, Dübel S, Juliano RL, Pellois JP. Cytosolic Delivery of Macromolecules in Live Human Cells Using the Combined Endosomal Escape Activities of a Small Molecule and Cell Penetrating Peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2641-2651. [PMID: 31633910 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ineffective cellular delivery is a common problem in numerous biological applications. Developing delivery reagents that work robustly in a variety of experimental settings remains a challenge. Herein, we report how peptides derived from the prototypical cell penetrating peptide TAT can be used in combination with a small molecule, UNC7938, to deliver macromolecules into the cytosol of cells by a simple co-incubation protocol. We establish successful delivery of peptides, DNA plasmids, and a single-chain variable fragment antibody. We also demonstrate that delivery works in hard-to-transfect mammalian cells and under conditions typically inhibitory to cell-penetrating peptides. Mechanistically, UNC7938 destabilizes the membrane of endosomes. This, in turn, enhances the endosome-leakage activity of cell-penetrating peptides and facilitates the endosomal escape of macromolecules initially internalized by mammalian cells via endocytosis. This combined selective membrane-destabilization represents a new chemical space for delivery tools and provides a novel solution to the problem of endosomal entrapment that often limits the effectiveness of reagent-based delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kristina Najjar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Helena M. Kondow-McConaghy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dakota J. Brock
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kristin Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Hager
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Andrea L. J. Marschall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rudolph L. Juliano
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy and UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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31
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Akbarzadeh M, Oskuee RK, Gholami L, Mahmoudi A, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. BR2 cell penetrating peptide improved the transfection efficiency of modified polyethyleneimine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Izumrudov VA, Mussabayeva BK, Kassymova ZS, Klivenko AN, Orazzhanova LK. Interpolyelectrolyte complexes: advances and prospects of application. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the development of water-soluble nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes, which are characterized by high stability and can be involved in competitive interpolyelectrolyte reactions, are summarized and analyzed. The complexes remain stable over a wide range of external conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature), but show a rapid, reversible and highly sensitive response to environmental changes outside this range by changing the phase state. The review considers methods of preparation and properties of nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes formed by interactions between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. These reagents can be used for controlled modification of various surfaces, the preparation of soluble complexes functionalized by different molecules, the suppression and prevention of protein aggregation. The review briefly summarizes new types of soluble polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte complexes of different nature and with different structures, including biopolymers and dendrimers, suitable for solving problems in medicine and agricultural biotechnology. In order to evaluate the results achieved, there is a need to integrate and analyze the data on interpolyelectrolyte reactions, which are of most interest for a wide range of researchers.
The bibliography includes 118 references.
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33
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Albuquerque LJC, Sincari V, Ja Ger A, Konefa R, Pa Nek JI, C Ernoch P, Pavlova E, S Te Pa Nek P, Giacomelli FC, Ja Ger EZ. Microfluidic-Assisted Engineering of Quasi-Monodisperse pH-Responsive Polymersomes toward Advanced Platforms for the Intracellular Delivery of Hydrophilic Therapeutics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8363-8372. [PMID: 31199159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular and subcellular compartments are characterized by specific pH levels that can be modified by pathophysiological states. This scenario encourages the use of environmentally responsive nanomedicines for the treatment of damaged cells. We have engineered doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded pH-responsive polymersomes using poly([ N-(2-hydroxypropyl)]methacrylamide)- b-poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate] block copolymers (PHPMA m- b-PDPA n). We demonstrate that, by taking advantage of the microfluidic technology, quasi-monodisperse assemblies can be created. This feature is of due relevance because highly uniform nanoparticles commonly exhibit more consistent biodistribution and cellular uptake. We also report that the size of the polymer vesicles can be tuned by playing with the inherent mechanical parameters of the microfluidic protocol. This new knowledge can be used to engineer size-specific nanomedicines for enhanced tumor accumulation if the manufacturing is performed with previous knowledge of tumor characteristics (particularly the degree of vascularity and porosity). The pH-dependent DOX release was further investigated evidencing the ability of polymersome to sustain encapsulated hydrophilic molecules when circulating in physiological environment (pH 7.4). This suggests nonrelevant drug leakage during systemic circulation. On the other hand, polymersome disassembly in slightly acid environments takes place enabling fast DOX release, thereby making the colloidal carriers highly cytotoxic. These features encourage the use of such advanced pH-responsive platforms to target damaged cells while preserving healthy environments during systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindomar J C Albuquerque
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
- Centro de Cie?ncias Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , Avenida dos Estados 5001 , Santo Andre? 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Vladimir Sincari
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Ja Ger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Rafal Konefa
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Jir I Pa Nek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Peter C Ernoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Petr S Te Pa Nek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Fernando C Giacomelli
- Centro de Cie?ncias Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , Avenida dos Estados 5001 , Santo Andre? 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Elie Zer Ja Ger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovske?ho na?m. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
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34
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Strategies in the design of endosomolytic agents for facilitating endosomal escape in nanoparticles. Biochimie 2019; 160:61-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Craciun BF, Gavril G, Peptanariu D, Ursu LE, Clima L, Pinteala M. Synergistic Effect of Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenimine and Polyethylene Glycol Components in Dynamic Nonviral Vector Structure, Toxicity, and Transfection Efficiency. Molecules 2019; 24:E1460. [PMID: 31013863 PMCID: PMC6515267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When studying polyethylenimine derivatives as nonviral vectors for gene delivery, among the important issues to be addressed are high toxicity, low transfection efficiency, and nucleic acid polyplex condensation. The molecular weight of polyethylenimine, PEGylation, biocompatibility and, also, supramolecular structure of potential carrier can all influence the nucleic acid condensation behavior, polyplex size, and transfection efficiency. The main challenge in building an efficient carrier is to find a correlation between the constituent components, as well as the synergy between them, to transport and to release, in a specific manner, different molecules of interest. In the present study, we investigated the synergy between components in dynamic combinatorial frameworks formed by connecting PEGylated squalene, poly-(ethyleneglycol)-bis(3-aminopropyl) and low molecular weight polyethylenimine components to 1,3,5-benzenetrialdehyde, via reversible imine bond, applying a dynamic combinatorial chemistry approach. We report comparative structural and morphological data, DNA binding affinity, toxicity and transfection efficiency concerning the ratio of polyethylenimine and presence or absence of poly-(ethyleneglycol)-bis(3-aminopropyl) in composition of dynamic combinatorial frameworks. In vitro biological assessments have revealed the fact that nonviral vectors containing poly-(ethyleneglycol)-bis(3-aminopropyl) and the lowest amount of polyethylenimine have significant transfection efficiency at N/P 50 ratio and display insignificant cytotoxicity on the HeLa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Florin Craciun
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Gavril
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Dragos Peptanariu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Laura Elena Ursu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Lilia Clima
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
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36
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Abstract
Intracellular delivery of biological agents such as peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids generally rely on the endocytic pathway as the major uptake mechanism, resulting in their entrapment inside the endosome and lysosome. The recent discovery of cell-penetrating molecules of exceptionally high endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery efficiencies and elucidation of their mechanism of action represent major breakthroughs in this field. In this Topical Review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in understanding and enhancing the endosomal escape process and the new opportunities opened up by these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Marina Buyanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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37
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Wilson DR, Rui Y, Siddiq K, Routkevitch D, Green JJ. Differentially Branched Ester Amine Quadpolymers with Amphiphilic and pH-Sensitive Properties for Efficient Plasmid DNA Delivery. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:655-668. [PMID: 30615464 PMCID: PMC7297465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of highly effective nonviral gene delivery vectors for transfection of diverse cell populations remains a challenge despite utilization of both rational and combinatorial driven approaches to nanoparticle engineering. In this work, multifunctional polyesters are synthesized with well-defined branching structures via A2 + B2/B3 + C1 Michael addition reactions from small molecule acrylate and amine monomers and then end-capped with amine-containing small molecules to assess the influence of polymer branching structure on transfection. These Branched poly(Ester Amine) Quadpolymers (BEAQs) are highly effective for delivery of plasmid DNA to retinal pigment epithelial cells and demonstrate multiple improvements over previously reported leading linear poly(beta-amino ester)s, particularly for volume-limited applications where improved efficiency is required. BEAQs with moderate degrees of branching are demonstrated to be optimal for delivery under high serum conditions and low nanoparticle doses further relevant for therapeutic gene delivery applications. Defined structural properties of each polymer in the series, including tertiary amine content, correlated with cellular transfection efficacy and viability. Trends that can be applied to the rational design of future generations of biodegradable polymers are elucidated.
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38
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Urbanavicius D, Alvarez T, Such GK, Johnston APR, Mintern JD. The potential of nanoparticle vaccines as a treatment for cancer. Mol Immunol 2019; 98:2-7. [PMID: 29395251 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A complex and multifaceted relationship exists between cancer and the immune system. Advances in our understanding of this relationship have resulted in significant clinical attention in the possibilities of cancer immunotherapy. Harnessing the immune system's potent and selective destructive capability is a major focus of attempts to treat cancer. Despite significant progress in the field, cancer therapy still remains significantly deficient, with cancer being one of the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality in the developed world. It is evident that the design of new treatment regimes is required to exploit cancer immunotherapy. Herein we review the potential for nanotechnology to overcome the challenges that have limited the more widespread implementation of immunotherapy to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Urbanavicius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tara Alvarez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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39
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Wojnilowicz M, Glab A, Bertucci A, Caruso F, Cavalieri F. Super-resolution Imaging of Proton Sponge-Triggered Rupture of Endosomes and Cytosolic Release of Small Interfering RNA. ACS NANO 2019; 13:187-202. [PMID: 30566836 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of nucleic acids and proteins remains a key challenge in the development of biological therapeutics. In gene therapy, the inefficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to the cytosol by lipoplexes or polyplexes is often ascribed to the entrapment and degradation of siRNA payload in the endosomal compartments. A possible mechanism by which polyplexes rupture the endosomal membrane and release their nucleic acid cargo is commonly defined as the "proton sponge effect". This is an osmosis-driven process triggered by the proton buffering capacity of polyplexes. Herein, we investigate the molecular basis of the "proton sponge effect" through direct visualization of the siRNA trafficking process, including analysis of individual polyplexes and endosomes, using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. We probe the sequential siRNA trafficking steps through single molecule super-resolution analysis of subcellular structures, polyplexes, and silencing RNA molecules. Specifically, individual intact polyplexes released in the cytosol upon rupture of the endosomes, the damaged endosomal vesicles, and the disassembly of the polyplexes in the cytosol are examined. We find that the architecture of the polyplex and the rigidity of the cationic polymer chains are crucial parameters that control the mechanism of endosomal escape driven by the proton sponge effect. We provide evidence that in highly branched and rigid cationic polymers, such as glycogen or polyethylenimine, immobilized on silica nanoparticles, the proton sponge effect is effective in inducing osmotic swelling and rupture of endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Agata Glab
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Alessandro Bertucci
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche , Universita' degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata" , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche , Universita' degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata" , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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40
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Beals N, Kasibhatla N, Basu S. Efficient Delivery of Plasmid DNA Using Incorporated Nucleotides for Precise Conjugation of Targeted Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:717-727. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Beals
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Nithya Kasibhatla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Soumitra Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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41
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De Coen R, Nuhn L, De Geest BG. Engineering mannosylated nanogels with membrane-disrupting properties. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00492k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, mannosylated core-cross-linked nanogels are designed that contain cationic moieties in their core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz
- Germany
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42
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Cupic KI, Rennick JJ, Johnston APR, Such GK. Controlling endosomal escape using nanoparticle composition: current progress and future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:215-223. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles offer significant benefits for improving delivery of biological therapeutics such as DNA and proteins, as they allow the cargo to be protected until it is delivered to a target cell. However, there are still challenges with achieving efficient delivery to the optimal cellular region. One significant roadblock is escape of nanoparticles from within the endosomal/lysosomal compartments into the cytosol. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding endosomal escape of polymer nanoparticles. We also discuss the current progress on investigating how nanoparticle structure can control endosomal escape. It is important to understand the fundamental biological processes that govern endosomal escape in order to design more effective therapeutic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer I Cupic
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joshua J Rennick
- Drug Delivery, Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Angus PR Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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43
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Zhen Z, Potta T, Christensen MD, Narayanan E, Kanagal K, Breneman CM, Rege K. Accelerated Materials Discovery Using Chemical Informatics Investigation of Polymer Physicochemical Properties and Transgene Expression Efficacy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:654-669. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhen
- Rensselaer Exploratory Center for Cheminformatics Research and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Thrimoorthy Potta
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
| | - Matthew D. Christensen
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
| | - Eshwaran Narayanan
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
| | - Kapil Kanagal
- Brophy College Preparatory, 4701 N Central Ave, Phoenix, Arizona 85012, United States
| | - Curt M. Breneman
- Rensselaer Exploratory Center for Cheminformatics Research and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
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44
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Smith SA, Selby LI, Johnston APR, Such GK. The Endosomal Escape of Nanoparticles: Toward More Efficient Cellular Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:263-272. [PMID: 30452233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many emerging therapies rely on the delivery of biological cargo into the cytosol. Nanoparticle delivery systems hold great potential to deliver these therapeutics but are hindered by entrapment and subsequent degradation in acidic compartments of the endo/lysosomal pathway. Engineering polymeric delivery systems that are able to escape the endosome has significant potential to address this issue. However, the development of safe and effective delivery systems that can reliably deliver cargo to the cytosol is still a challenge. Greater understanding of the properties that govern endosomal escape and how it can be quantified is important for the development of more efficient nanoparticle delivery systems. This Topical Review highlights the current understanding of the mechanisms by which nanoparticles escape the endosome, and the emerging techniques to improve the quantification of endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Smith
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3010
| | - Laura I Selby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3052
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3052
| | - Georgina K Such
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3010
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45
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Warriner LW, Duke JR, Pack DW, DeRouchey JE. Succinylated Polyethylenimine Derivatives Greatly Enhance Polyplex Serum Stability and Gene Delivery In Vitro. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4348-4357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Han X, Su R, Huang X, Wang Y, Kuang X, Zhou S, Liu H. Triphenylphosphonium-modified mitochondria-targeted paclitaxel nanocrystals for overcoming multidrug resistance. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:569-580. [PMID: 32104484 PMCID: PMC7032231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are currently known as novel targets for treating cancer, especially for tumors displaying multidrug resistance (MDR). This present study aimed to develop a mitochondria-targeted delivery system by using triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+)-conjugated Brij 98 as the functional stabilizer to modify paclitaxel (PTX) nanocrystals (NCs) against drug-resistant cancer cells. Evaluations were performed on 2D monolayer and 3D multicellular spheroids (MCs) of MCF-7 cells and MCF-7/ADR cells. In comparison with free PTX and the non-targeted PTX NCs, the targeted PTX NCs showed the strongest cytotoxicity against both 2D MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells, which was correlated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The targeted PTX NCs exhibited deeper penetration on MCF-7 MCs and more significant growth inhibition on both MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR MCs. The proposed strategy indicated that the TPP+-modified NCs represent a potentially viable approach for targeted chemotherapeutic molecules to mitochondria. This strategy might provide promising therapeutic outcomes to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruijuan Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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47
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The proton sponge hypothesis: Fable or fact? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Semenyuk PI, Zhiryakova MV, Izumrudov VA. Supercharged Polyplexes: Full-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Study. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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Cabral H, Miyata K, Osada K, Kataoka K. Block Copolymer Micelles in Nanomedicine Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6844-6892. [PMID: 29957926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 746] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are demonstrating high potential as nanomedicines capable of controlling the distribution and function of loaded bioactive agents in the body, effectively overcoming biological barriers, and various formulations are engaged in intensive preclinical and clinical testing. This Review focuses on polymeric micelles assembled through multimolecular interactions between block copolymers and the loaded drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids as translationable nanomedicines. The aspects involved in the design of successful micellar carriers are described in detail on the basis of the type of polymer/payload interaction, as well as the interplay of micelles with the biological interface, emphasizing on the chemistry and engineering of the block copolymers. By shaping these features, polymeric micelles have been propitious for delivering a wide range of therapeutics through effective sensing of targets in the body and adjustment of their properties in response to particular stimuli, modulating the activity of the loaded drugs at the targeted sites, even at the subcellular level. Finally, the future perspectives and imminent challenges for polymeric micelles as nanomedicines are discussed, anticipating to spur further innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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50
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Trützschler AK, Bus T, Reifarth M, Brendel JC, Hoeppener S, Traeger A, Schubert US. Beyond Gene Transfection with Methacrylate-Based Polyplexes-The Influence of the Amino Substitution Pattern. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2181-2194. [PMID: 29712427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methacrylate-based polymers represent promising nonviral gene delivery vectors, since they offer a large variety of polymer architectures and functionalities, which are beneficial for specific demands in gene delivery. In combination with controlled radical polymerization techniques, such as the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, the synthesis of well-defined polymers is possible. In this study we prepared a library of defined linear polymers based on (2-aminoethyl)-methacrylate (AEMA), N-methyl-(2-aminoethyl)-methacrylate (MAEMA), and N,N-dimethyl-(2-aminoethyl)-methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomers, bearing pendant primary, secondary, and tertiary amino groups, and investigated the influence of the substitution pattern on their gene delivery capability. The polymers and the corresponding plasmid DNA complexes were investigated regarding their physicochemical characteristics, cytocompatibility, and transfection performance. The nonviral transfection by methacrylate-based polyplexes differs significantly from poly(ethylene imine)-based polyplexes, as a successful transfection is not affected by the buffer capacity. We observed that polyplexes containing a high content of primary amino groups (AEMA) offered the highest transfection efficiency, whereas polyplexes bearing tertiary amino groups (DMAEMA) exhibited the lowest transfection efficiency. Further insights into the uptake and release mechanisms could be identified by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, emphasizing the theory of membrane-pore formation for the time-efficient endosomal release of methacrylate-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kristin Trützschler
- Institue for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Tanja Bus
- Institue for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Martin Reifarth
- Institue for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Institue for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Institue for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Institue for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Institue for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstrasse 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
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