1
|
Tu J, Wu Y, Gao S, Song Q, Zeng X, Liang Y, Yu Z. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediments from Daya Bay and Pearl River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116131. [PMID: 38335637 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a group of emerging organic pollutants attracting increasing concern. In this study, 32 sediment samples were collected from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and adjacent Daya Bay (DYB) in China and were investigated for the occurrence and distribution of PHCZs. Total concentration of sedimentary PHCZs (∑PHCZs) ranged from 0.79 to 3.08 ng/g in PRE and 0.89 to 1.95 ng/g in DYB, both containing 3,6-dichlorocarbazole as the main component. Higher concentrations of ∑PHCZs were found in the rivers-mouth and inner part of the PRE indicating their main origins from anthropogenic activities. Notably, concentrations of brominated carbazoles (BCZs) gradually increased offshore, which suggests the potential bio-transformation of BCZs under a saline environment. The toxic equivalent of PHCZs was estimated at 0.13-0.34 pg TEQ/g suggesting limited dioxin-like effects on local organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y. Spatial distribution, source, and ecological risk of PAHs in the sediment of the Fenhe River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112397-112408. [PMID: 37831238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent toxic substances that have ubiquitous presence in water, air, soil, and sediment environments. The growth of PAH toxicities and related ecotoxicology risk in sediment has been a serious concern. Present study examined the PAH concentration, sources, and ecological risk from the selected sites in sediment of Fenhe River. The characteristic molecular ratio (CMR) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to analyze the sources. The ecological risk assessment was conducted based on the sediment quality guidelines, the mean effects range median quotient, as well as the toxic equivalent quantity values. The results showed that the mean values of total contents of the 16 individual PAHs were 3.66 mg/kg and 3.16 mg/kg in wet and dry seasons, which were relatively high when compared with other rivers worldwide. Their spatial distribution presented the lower contents in the upstream, while higher concentrations in the middle and down streams of the river. The low molecular weight PAHs were major constituents, and 3-ring PAHs have the highest contents. The results of source analysis indicated that PAHs were primarily from the burning of oil, coal, and biomass. The ecological risk evaluations suggested that the possible adverse biological effects, the low to medium comprehensive risks, and the minor carcinogenic risks existed in the study area. This investigation might provide useful baseline data and technical support for policy-makers and researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Yuci, 030619, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng L, Liu L, Li P, Lin K. Spatial and temporal distribution of polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediments from the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent East China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120957. [PMID: 36596377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have been increasingly detected in marine sediment, raising concerns in recent years. In this study, sediment samples (42 surface and one core) were collected from the Yangtze River estuary and the adjacent East China Sea, and eleven PHCZs and unsubstituted carbazole were measured. The total concentration of PHCZs in surface sediments ranged from 0.19 to 2.49 ng/g dry weight (d.w.) (median 1.03 ng/g d. w.). The congener compositions of PHCZs in the surface sediment were dominated by 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ, 53.2%), followed by 3-chlorocarbazole (14.9%) and 3,6-dibromocarbazole (36-BCZ, 11.8%). Carbazole in the surface sediment ranged from not detected to 9.89 ng/g (median 1.25 ng/g), with a detection frequency of 81.0%. The spatial distribution of 36-CCZ in surface sediments exhibited a clear decline from the coast to offshore, while 36-BCZ showed the opposite trend. The depth profile of 36-CCZ was maintained at a relatively low and stable concentration (about 0.36 ng/g) in core segments from 1903 to 1951, followed by a steady increase to 1.5 ng/g in 2006. This increase coincides with the industrial and agricultural development in China that began in the 1950s. In contrast, the other detected PHCZs and carbazole maintained stable, low concentrations over time. These spatial and temporal patterns suggest that 36-CCZ in this area is predominantly from anthropogenic sources, while 36-BCZ has a natural origin. Toxic equivalent estimations indicated that dioxin-like effects for the observed PHCZs were low. These results provide useful information for understanding the origin of PHCZs and carbazole in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kunde Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao S, Davis A, Kjellerup BV. Presence of bacteria capable of PCB biotransformation in stormwater bioretention cells. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 97:6492079. [PMID: 34978329 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Core samples from bioretention cell media as well as surface stormwater sediment samples from seven urban areas were collected to assess the potential for biotransformation activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The presence of putative organohalide-respiring bacteria in these samples was studied. Based on extracted DNA, Dehalobacter, Dehalogenimonas and Dehalococcoides were detected. Other organohalide-respiring bacteria like Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum were not studied. Bacteria containing the genes encoding for biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (bphA) or 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (bphC) were detected in 29 of the 32 samples. These genes are key factors in PCB aerobic degradation. Transcribed bacterial genes from putative organohalide-respiring bacteria as well as genes encoding for bphA and bphC were obtained from the microbial community, thus showing the potential of organohalide respiration of PCBs and aerobic PCB degradation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the surface samples collected at the bioretention site. Presence and concentrations of 209 PCB congeners in the bioretention media were also assessed. The total PCB concentration ranged from 38.4 ± 2.3 ng/g at the top layer of the inlet to 11.6 ± 1.2 ng/g at 20-30 cm at 3 m from the inlet. These results provide documentation that bacteria capable of PCB transformation, including both anaerobic dechlorination and aerobic degradation, were present and active in the bioretention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Allen Davis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Birthe V Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang L, Zhang H, Li A, Rockne KJ, Xu K, Wu Y, Xu X, Chen S, Hu Y, Wang X, Chen D. Polyhalogenated carbazoles in freshwater and estuarine sediment from China and the United States: A multi-regional study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147908. [PMID: 34134370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study represents a multi-regional investigation of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) contamination in estuarine and freshwater systems from the United States and China. Although recent studies have suggested that PHCZs are persistent and bioaccumulative, available data are not sufficient to understand their large-scale spatial and temporal distributions in the environment. The present study investigated spatial distributions of PHCZs in surface sediment from multiple freshwater and estuarine systems located in China and the United States (U.S.) during the period of 2012-2017, as well as temporal distributions from vertical trends in selected sediment cores. The results demonstrated large variations of PHCZ contamination across regions, with median concentrations of ΣPHCZs in surface sediment ranging from 3.1 to 134 ng/g. Profiles of PHCZ congener composition also exhibited regional variations and estuarine-freshwater differences. These differences likely reflect the relative contributions of different natural and industrial sources among the locations. Vertical profiles of concentrations and compositions in one Chinese estuarine sediment core and two freshwater sediment cores from the U.S. all demonstrated clear anthropogenic influences to varying degrees. Toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PHCZs were estimated based on their dioxin-like activities, which ranged from <0.001 to 4.94 pg TEQ/g in all sites. The results suggest that PHCZs could add additional ecological risks to the benthos and other aquatic organisms. Our findings constitute an essential contribution to the knowledge body of PHCZ contamination in global aquatic systems and congener-specific contamination characterizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - An Li
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Karl J Rockne
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Kevin Xu
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shejun Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongxia Hu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim HJ, Jeon JW, Hwang SM, Chu KI, Cha YH, Kwak YD, Kim YH, Choi SD, Aslam M, Kim CG. Long-term nationwide assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls ambient air concentrations for ten years in South Korea. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127903. [PMID: 32841873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, seasonal/regional variations of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) and dioxin like-polychlorinated biphenyls in the ambient air were monitored for ten years (2008-2017) using a high volume air sampler. As a result of strict regulation enforced by Korea Ministry of Environment in 2008, PCDD/DFs concentrations in the ambient air decreased from 0.051 pg I-TEQ Sm-3 in 2009 to 0.014 pg I-TEQ Sm-3 in 2017 which was comparably associated with cut-down of their emission sources from 880.2 g I-TEQ Sm-3 in 2001 to 24.2 g I-TEQ Sm-3 in 2015; revealing that it was only 2.7% against that of 2001. In 2017, mean TEQ concentration level of PCDD/DFs in the air of South Korea was quite low in comparison to its ambient environmental standards of 0.6 pg I-TEQ Sm-3 for PCDD/DFs. Particularly, the sum of PCDD/DFs in the background revealed the lowest level, however, the fraction of octachlorodibenzodioxin among other isomers exposed at the highest level in this study, suggesting that the ambient air quality in the background being studied was severely and persistently impaired by inflowing unknown sources of any possible anthropogenic transboundary migratory air pollutants. Moreover, this study conducted the scientific analysis of the long-term variations in the ambient air and emission sources using principal component analysis. From this of 10 years long-term nationwide assessments for the PCDD/DFs and dl-PCBs in the ambient air, it is possible to prove that South Korean environmental policy to manage POPs has been successfully conducted for the last ten years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemicals Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeon
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Man Hwang
- Department of Chemicals Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Chu
- Department of Chemicals Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Cha
- Department of Chemicals Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Don Kwak
- Department of Chemicals Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chang-Gyun Kim
- Department of Environment Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jalili-Jahani N, Fatehi A, Zeraatkar E. PLS and N-PLS based MIA-QSPR modeling of the photodegradation half-lives for polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33753-33761. [PMID: 35519039 PMCID: PMC9056733 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivariate image analysis as a useful tool in environmental risk assessment studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Fatehi
- Green Land Shiraz Eksir Chemical and Agricultural Industries Company
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao S, Capozzi SL, Kjellerup BV, Davis AP. Polychlorinated biphenyls in stormwater sediments: Relationships with land use and particle characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114865. [PMID: 31351351 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Concentrations of 209 PCB congeners as well as profiles of the ten homologues were determined in stormwater sediments collected from various (primarily roadway) sites with different land use. The total PCB concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 57.4 ng/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 29.2 ng/g dw. PCB concentrations varied with nearby land use. Higher stormwater sediment PCB concentrations were found in dense urban areas (average: 39.8 ± 10.5 ng/g) and residential areas (average: 35.3 ± 6.2 ng/g) compared to highways passing through greenspace (average: 18.0 ± 0.4 ng/g). The number of chlorines per biphenyl ranged from 3.63 to 5.39 and the toxic equivalency (TEQs) of the PCBs were between 1.5 and 18.0 pg/g at all sites. A non-Aroclor congener, PCB 11, was detected in all samples and was dominant at two sites. PCBs were sorbed to smaller stormwater particulate matter (≤75 μm) at higher concentrations compared to larger particles (>75 μm). PCB sorption tended to increase with the total organic carbon (TOC) of the particulate matter in the sediment samples. However, greater PCB mass (almost 80%) was present in the larger particles. Information on sediment PCB concentrations from different land uses, along with stormwater particulate matter data can allow the estimation of PCB loads and load reductions using stormwater control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Staci L Capozzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Geosyntec Consultants, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Birthe V Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Allen P Davis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu H, Zheng M, Zheng L, Wang L, Lou Y, Zhao Q, Zhang Y. Distribution and ecotoxicological effects of polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediments from Jiaozhou Bay wetland. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:393-398. [PMID: 31426173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A suite of eight polyhalogenated carbazole (PHCZ) congeners were detected in sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay wetland. 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ), and 3,6-dibromocarbazole (36-BCZ) were detected in all samples. The concentrations of ΣPHCZs ranged from 6.9 to 33.4 ng/g dry weight (dw). The recovery of surrogate standard ranged from 85 to 109%. Significant relationships were found between the concentrations of 36-CCZ and those of the other three detected compounds (36-BCZ, 36-ICZ, and 1368-BCZ). However, with regard to the other chemicals, only 1368-BCZ was related to 36-ICZ. The toxic equivalent (TEQ) was used to assess the relative toxicity of PHCZs, which ranged within 0.1-3.9 pg TEQ/g dw in sediment. The inventory of ΣPHCZs was 58.9 kg. These results indicate that PHCZs are widely distributed in the Jiaozhou wetland and the dyeing and finishing industries may be important contamination sources of PHCZs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Minggang Zheng
- Key laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substance, the First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substance, the First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yinghua Lou
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Quansheng Zhao
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zanardi-Lamardo E, Mitra S, Vieira-Campos AA, Cabral CB, Yogui GT, Sarkar SK, Biswas JK, Godhantaraman N. Distribution and sources of organic contaminants in surface sediments of Hooghly river estuary and Sundarban mangrove, eastern coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:39-49. [PMID: 31426172 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT-related pesticides in surface sediments of Hooghly estuary and the Sundarban mangrove wetlands. Concentrations of ∑17PAH, ∑182PCB and ∑6DDT ranged from 15.4 to 1731, not detected (nd) to 13.5 and nd to 8.97 ng g-1 dry weight, respectively. Low levels of PCBs and low to moderate concentrations of DDTs and PAHs reflected recent development in West Bengal, which was dominated by agriculture and multifarious industries in the past. Diagnostic ratios suggested that major sources of PAHs are combustion processes, DDTs are input by agriculture, antifouling paints and public health campaigns, and organochlorines are predominantly from industrial origin. Heavier PCB congeners suggest local sources and short-range transport of such chemicals. Decision makers may use these findings for managing the Hooghly River watershed in order to promote a sustainable development on the eastern coast of India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Amanda Alves Vieira-Campos
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Barbosa Cabral
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Nallamuthu Godhantaraman
- UGC Human Resource Development Centre & Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Madras, Chepauk Campus, Chennai 600 005, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim EK, Barghi M, Choi M, Moon HB. Spatial and temporal trends of PCDD/Fs in sediment and bivalves along the Korean coasts during 2001-2012. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:183-189. [PMID: 31426145 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were measured in sediment and bivalves at 25 locations along the Korean coasts during 2001-2012. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs in sediment and bivalves ranged from 0.15 to 18.9 pg TEQ/g dry weight and from 0.06 to 7.70 pg TEQ/g wet weight, respectively. Elevated PCDD/F concentrations were found at locations close to largest industrial complexes and commercial harbors. A significant decreasing trend of PCDD/Fs in sediment was associated with strong regulation of PCDD/Fs, whereas levels in bivalves did not show a decreasing trend. Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) was predominant in sediment, while tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran and OCDD were predominant in bivalves. Almost half (46%) of sediment samples exceeded the threshold effect level suggested by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, implying ecotoxicological risks to benthic organisms. Our findings support the effectiveness of legislative action on PCDD/Fs for coastal environments of Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyo Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; Neo Environmental Business (NeoEnBiz) Co, Bucheon 14523, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandana Barghi
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Choi
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
González-Fuenzalida RA, Herráez-Hernández R, Verdú-Andrés J, Bouzas-Blanco A, Seco-Torrecillas A, Campíns-Falcó P. Establishing the occurrence and profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments: The eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain as a case study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:206-215. [PMID: 31232296 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sampling, cost-effective analysis, diagnosis of sources of pollution and assessment of potential toxicological effects were included in the case study. Marine sediments collected from 24 points along the eastern Mediterranean coast of Spain (Comunitat Valenciana region) in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015 have been analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene were the most found. An analysis of the relative abundance of selected PAHs revealed that petrogenic and mixed petrogenic/pyrogenic sources are predominant in the area. The total concentrations of the target compounds ranged from 14.7 to 615.3 ng/g dry weight. The effects range-low (ERL) guideline values were used to assess potential toxicological effects. Rarely adverse biological effects can be expected in the tested area. The level of pollution by PAHs in the area can be considered low, although occasionally high values can be found, particularly in areas with high population or ship traffic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A González-Fuenzalida
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - R Herráez-Hernández
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - J Verdú-Andrés
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain.
| | - A Bouzas-Blanco
- CALAGUA-UV Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - A Seco-Torrecillas
- CALAGUA-UV Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - P Campíns-Falcó
- MINTOTA Research Group, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zaghden H, Tedetti M, Sayadi S, Serbaji MM, Elleuch B, Saliot A. Origin and distribution of hydrocarbons and organic matter in the surficial sediments of the Sfax-Kerkennah channel (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:414-428. [PMID: 28209363 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the origin and distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs and PAHs) and organic matter (OM) in surficial sediments of the Sfax-Kerkennah channel in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). TOC, AH and PAH concentrations ranged 2.3-11.7%, 8-174μgg-1sed.dw and 175-10,769ngg-1sed.dw, respectively. The lowest concentrations were recorded in the channel (medium sand sediment) and the highest ones in the Sfax harbor (very fine sand sediment). AHs, PAHs and TOC were not correlated for most of the stations. TOC/N and δ13C values revealed a mixed origin of OM with both marine and terrestrial sources. Hydrocarbon molecular composition highlighted the dominance of petrogenic AHs and the presence of both petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs, associated with petroleum products and combustion processes. This work underscores the complex distribution patterns and the multiple sources of OM and hydrocarbons in this highly anthropogenized coastal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Zaghden
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat; Expérimentation et Approches Numériques LOCEAN, UMR CNRS 7159, CNRS/IRD/UPMC/MNHN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courrier 100, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional AUF (PER-LBP), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP, 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional AUF (PER-LBP), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP, 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Moncef Serbaji
- Study and Management of Coastal and Urban Environments, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Soukra, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Boubaker Elleuch
- Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement (Lab 3E), Université de Sfax, ENIS, BP W, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Alain Saliot
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat; Expérimentation et Approches Numériques LOCEAN, UMR CNRS 7159, CNRS/IRD/UPMC/MNHN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case courrier 100, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oyo-Ita IO, Oyo-Ita OE, Ugim SU, Nnaji NNJ, Elarbaoui S. Source and Toxicological Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Imo River, Southeastern Nigeria. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1300177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inyang O. Oyo-Ita
- Environmental/Petroleum Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Orok E. Oyo-Ita
- Environmental/Petroleum Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Samuel U. Ugim
- Environmental/Petroleum Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka N. J. Nnaji
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Soumaya Elarbaoui
- Laboratory of Biomonitoring of the Environment, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu Y, Qiu Y, Tan H, Chen D. Polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediments from Lake Tai (China): Distribution, congener composition, and toxic equivalent evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:142-149. [PMID: 27640760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have attracted mounting environmental concerns since they were recently discovered in sediments and soil. Current knowledge on their occurrence, environmental behavior and fate remains very limited in general. In the present study, 11 PHCZ congeners were screened in surface sediments of Lake Tai, an important freshwater system located in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Total concentrations of PHCZs (∑PHCZs) ranged up to 15.8 ng/g dry weight (median: 1.54 ng/g dw), rivaling those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑PBDEs, 0.07-15.9 ng/g dw) in the same sediments. The PHCZ congener composition profiles revealed a dominance of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole and 3,6-dibromocarbazole with comparable concentrations. These two dominant congeners differed in spatial distribution patterns in Lake Tai, indicating different sources or origins. Potential toxic effects associated with the levels of PHCZs in the sediments were evaluated via the toxic equivalent (TEQ) approach. The TEQs of PHCZs in Lake Tai sediments ranged up to 1.36 pg TEQ/g dw. As the first report on the occurrence of PHCZs in an Asian waterbody, our findings suggest that PHCZs should be given more attention during environmental monitoring and risk assessments of hazardous chemicals, as they may represent another group of persistent organic pollutants with dioxin-like effects and wide distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongli Tan
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Da Chen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He W, Bai ZL, Liu WX, Kong XZ, Yang B, Yang C, Jørgensen SE, Xu FL. Occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and risks of polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals in surface sediments from a large eutrophic Chinese lake (Lake Chaohu). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10335-10348. [PMID: 26728291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment from large and eutrophic Lake Chaohu was investigated to determine the occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and risks of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals in one of the five biggest freshwater lakes in China. Total concentration of PCBs (Σ34PCBs) in Lake Chaohu was 672 pg g(-1) dry weight (dw), with a range of 7 to 3999 pg g(-1) dw, which was lower than other water bodies worldwide. The majority of heavy metals were detected at all sampling locations, except for Sr, B, and In. Concentrations of Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Sr, Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg were similar to that reported for other lakes globally. Concentrations of K, Mg, Na, Li, Ga, and Ag were greater than the average, whereas those of Cr, Ni, and Cu were lower. Cluster analysis (CA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) yielded accordant results for the source apportionment of PCBs. The technical PCBs and microbial degradation accounted for 34.2 % and 65.8 % of total PCBs using PMF, and PMF revealed that natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals accounted for 38.1 % and 61.8 %, respectively. CA indicated that some toxic heavy metals (e.g., Cd, In, Tl, and Hg) were associated with Ca-Na-Mg minerals rather than Fe-Mn minerals. The uncorrelated results between organic matter revealed by pyrolysis technology and heavy metals might be caused by the existence of competitive adsorption between organic matter and minerals. PCBs and heavy metals were coupling discharge without organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), but with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). No sediment sample exceeded the toxic threshold for dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) set at 20 pg toxicity equivalency quantity (TEQ) g(-1), (max dl-PCBs, 10.9 pg TEQ g(-1)). However, concentrations of Ag, Cd, and Hg were at levels of environmental concern. The sediment in the drinking water source area (DWSA) was threatened by heavy metals from other areas, and some fundamental solutions were proposed to protect the DWSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Lin Bai
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Liu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Yang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chen Yang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Sven Erik Jørgensen
- Section of Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Institute A, University of Copenhagen, University Park 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fu-Liu Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Institute of Water Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Haliotis tuberculata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Considerations on food safety and source investigation. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:57-63. [PMID: 27235950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed in wild specimens of Haliotis tuberculata from three sites of the Sothern Ionian Sea. The species Ht is commonly found at these sites and has significant commercial value. Main results revealed mean values of benzo(a)pyrene higher than the threshold set by Regulation No. 835/2011/EU in all sampling sites and the sum of selected PAHs, expressed as ΣPAH4 by EC Regulation, were below the limit set by the same Regulation in ME and VSG. We found generally higher concentrations than literature finding, especially for low molecular weight PAHs, and results of diagnostic ratios highlighted both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. The potential human health risks due consumption of Ht by local inhabitants have been assessed by exposure daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and lifetime cancer risk (CR). EDI values were below the intake range reviewed by EFSA for each class of contaminant. BaP daily intake was below the value of 10 ng/Kg/day, suggested by JFCFA, and CRBaP was slightly higher than the acceptable risk level (ARL) of 1×10(-5). Conversely, target hazard quotient (THQ) resulted always below 1, thus the risk to develop chronic systemic effects due naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene was low.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen CF, Chen CW, Ju YR, Dong CD. Vertical profile, source apportionment, and toxicity of PAHs in sediment cores of a wharf near the coal-based steel refining industrial zone in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4786-4796. [PMID: 26538260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three sediment cores were collected from a wharf near a coal-based steel refining industrial zone in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Analyses for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of the US Environmental Protection Agency priority list in the core sediment samples were conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The vertical profiles of PAHs in the core sediments were assessed, possible sources and apportionment were identified, and the toxicity risk of the core sediments was determined. The results from the sediment analyses showed that total concentrations of the 16 PAHs varied from 11774 ± 4244 to 16755 ± 4593 ng/g dry weight (dw). Generally, the vertical profiles of the PAHs in the sediment cores exhibited a decreasing trend from the top to the lower levels of the S1 core and an increasing trend of PAHs from the top to the lower levels of the S2 and S3 cores. Among the core sediment samples, the five- and six-ring PAHs were predominantly in the S1 core, ranging from 42 to 54 %, whereas the composition of the PAHs in the S2 and S3 cores were distributed equally across three groups: two- and three-ring, four-ring, and five- and six-ring PAHs. The results indicated that PAH contamination at the site of the S1 core had a different source. The molecular indices and principal component analyses with multivariate linear regression were used to determine the source contributions, with the results showing that the contributions of coal, oil-related, and vehicle sources were 38.6, 35.9, and 25.5 %, respectively. A PAH toxicity assessment using the mean effect range-median quotient (m-ERM-q, 0.59-0.79), benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalent (TEQ(carc), 1466-1954 ng TEQ/g dw), and dioxin toxicity equivalent (TEQ(fish), 3036-4174 pg TEQ/g dw) identified the wharf as the most affected area. The results can be used for regular monitoring, and future pollution prevention and management should target the coal-based industries in this region for pollution reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao L, Huang H, Liu L, Li C, Zhou X, Xia D. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19804-19813. [PMID: 26282439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic environmental pollutants that are often found in sediments. The Yangtze and Yellow rivers in China are two of the largest rivers in Asia and are therefore important aquatic ecosystems; however, few studies have investigated the PCDD/F and PCB content in the sediments of these rivers. Accordingly, this study was conducted to generate baseline data for future environmental risk assessments. In the present study, 26 surface sediments from the middle reaches of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers were analyzed for PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like (dl) PCBs by high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The ranges of PCDD/F, dl-PCB, and WHO-TEQ content in sediments from the Yellow River were 2.1-19.8, 1.11-9.9, and 0.08-0.57 pg/g (dry weight), respectively. The ranges of PCDD/F, dl-PCB, and WHO-TEQ content in sediments from the Yangtze River were 6.1-84.9, 1.8-24.1, and 0.13-0.29 pg/g (dry weight), respectively. Total organic carbon and dl-PCB contents in the Yellow River were significantly correlated (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.64, P < 0.05). It is well known that total organic carbon plays a role in the transport and redistribution of dl-PCB. Principal component analysis indicated that PCDD/Fs may arise from pentachlorophenol, sodium pentachlorophenate, and atmospheric deposition, while dl-PCBs likely originate from burning of coal and wood for domestic heating. The dioxin levels in the river sediments examined in this study were relatively low. These findings advance our knowledge regarding eco-toxicity and provide useful information regarding contamination sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Huiting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lidan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wenning RJ, Martello LB. Levels and Trends of Dioxins, PCBs, and Other POPs in Abiotic Compartments. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
21
|
León VM, García I, Martínez-Gómez C, Campillo JA, Benedicto J. Heterogeneous distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and red mullet along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 87:352-363. [PMID: 25173597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations was characterised in surface sediments and red mullet from eleven Iberian Mediterranean coastal areas. Mean PAH concentrations ranged from 28 to 1006 and from 3 to 40 μg kg(-1)d.w. in sediment and red mullet muscle, respectively. The highest PAH concentrations in sediments were detected close to main ports and urban nuclei. However, concentrations of PAHs in red mullet showed little correspondence with PAH concentrations of the sediments due to its metabolic capacity. Phenanthrene was the predominant homologue in red mullet, whereas fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene were the most abundant ones in sediments. Significant correlations between PAHs and organic carbon or fine fraction in sediments were only found in some areas. PAH concentrations in sediments were lower than environmental criteria in the majority of cases, except for benzo(g,h,i)perylene in 25% of samples from the Barcelona coastal area and for several homologues close to the port of Sagunto.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - I García
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Benedicto
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoonki M, Jongwon H, Meehye L. Determination of toxic congeners of 17 PCDDs/PCDFs and 12 dl-PCBs using polyurethane foam passive air samplers in ten cities around Seoul. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 491-492:17-27. [PMID: 24852516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-nine toxic congeners including 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were determined using passive air samplers (PAS) at ten satellite cities of Seoul for two years. Chemical analysis was done by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The ten monitoring sites represent urban-residential, industrial, urban-rural mixed, and rural types of regions in Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. The concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs ranged from 0.59 pg·day(-1) to 29.7 pg·day(-1) and from 3.44 pg·day(-1) to 99.7 pg·day(-1), respectively with the highest values at industrial areas. The relative abundance of more toxic congeners (tetra- and penta-chlorinated PCDDs/PCDFs) was the highest in urban-rural mixed group despite the less emission sources than industrial group. It implies that this group was under the influence of fugitive emissions that have not yet been identified or regulated. This study reports the first attempt of atmospheric PCDDs/PCDFs and dl-PCB measurements with PAS in the monitoring network of Korea, which highlights the efficacy of PAS in continuous and long-term monitoring of those species particularly at regions that could easily slip out of environmental governance or of low accessibility to monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yoonki
- Gyeonggi Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heo Jongwon
- Gyeonggi Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Meehye
- Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong CD, Chen CF, Chen CW. Vertical profile, sources, and equivalent toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment cores from the river mouths of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:665-671. [PMID: 24138833 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Six sediment cores collected at four contaminated river mouths and two harbor entrances in Kaohsiung Harbor (Taiwan) were analyzed to evaluate the sources and potential toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs presented the wide variations ranging from 369±656 to 33,772±14,378 ng g(-1) at the six sampling sites. The composition of PAHs presented a uniform profile reflecting the importance of atmospheric input from vehicle exhausts or coal combustion in the river mouths. PAHs diagnostic ratios indicated a stronger influence of coal combustion in the Salt River mouth and the prevalence of petroleum combustion and mixed sources in the other rivers and harbor entrances. PAHs toxicity assessment using the mean effect range-median quotient (m-ERM-q: 0.011-1.804), benzo[a]pyrene-toxicity equivalent (TEQ(carc): 22-2819 ng TEQ g(-1)), and dioxin-toxicity equivalent (TEQ(fish): 37-5129 pg TEQ g(-1)) identified the Salt River mouth near the industrial area of the harbor as the most affected area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Anezaki K, Nagahora S. Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in surface sediments of Muroran Port, Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:9169-9181. [PMID: 24691935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We determined the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in surface sediments at 21 sites inside and outside Muroran Port, Japan. The concentration ranges and geometric means of PCBs (Σ209PCB), PeCBz, HxCBz, and PCDD/Fs and toxicity equivalence quantity (total TEQ) of dioxins inside Muroran Port were 1,100-65,000 (mean, 17,000) pg/g dw, 37-220 (100) pg/g dw, 31-810 (84) pg/g dw, 69-410 (170) pg/g dw, and 0.51-6.2 (2.3) pg TEQ/g dw, respectively. Their corresponding inventories inside Muroran Port were estimated to be 76, 0.31, 0.32, 0.55, and 7.8 g TEQ, respectively. The amounts of these pollutants were higher inside the port than outside the port and especially large in the inner part of the port. Most PCBs were homologues and congeners of penta- to hepta-chlorinated compounds, and the PCBs around Muroran Port were derived from technical PCBs, especially KC500 and KC600. As for PCDD/Fs, the influence of pentachlorophenol was significant, although pollution due to chloronitrofen and combustion was detected. The congeners of PCDD/Fs predominantly contributed to total TEQ. The concentration distributions of PeCBz, HxCBz, and PCDD/Fs and total TEQ were highly correlated with one another. This indicates that they are derived from the same combustion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Anezaki
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Environmental and Geological Research Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, N19W12, Kita, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan,
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kapsimalis V, Panagiotopoulos IP, Talagani P, Hatzianestis I, Kaberi H, Rousakis G, Kanellopoulos TD, Hatiris GA. Organic contamination of surface sediments in the metropolitan coastal zone of Athens, Greece: sources, degree, and ecological risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 80:312-324. [PMID: 24411518 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bottom sediments represent a crucial component of the marine environment, since they constitute a habitat, a trophic resource, and a spawning place for various organisms. Unfortunately, the sediments of urban coastal areas are deeply impacted by anthropogenic activities that degrade their quality. In the Drapetsona-Keratsini metropolitan coastal zone of Athens, current industrial and shipping activities together with the effluents from a sewage outfall, which was in operation in the past, have resulted in one of the most contaminated sedimentary environments, in terms of organic compound loads, in Mediterranean. Exceptionally high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons (up to 4457 μg g⁻¹), carcinogenic PAHs (up to 7284 ng g⁻¹), and organochlorines (up to 544 ng g⁻¹ for PCBs; up to 208 ng g⁻¹ for DDTs) constitute a major threat to the marine life of the associated Saronikos Gulf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Kapsimalis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece.
| | - I P Panagiotopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - P Talagani
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Historical Geology - Paleontology, Athens, Greece
| | - I Hatzianestis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - H Kaberi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - G Rousakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - T D Kanellopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - G A Hatiris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavyssos, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luzardo OP, Ruiz-Suárez N, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Valerón PF, Camacho M, Zumbado M, Boada LD. Assessment of the exposure to organochlorine pesticides, PCBs and PAHs in six species of predatory birds of the Canary Islands, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:146-53. [PMID: 24291140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the concentrations and distributions of 57 anthropogenic pollutants, including 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCs), 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in liver samples from 102 birds of prey of six species that were found dead or that had died during their stay in the Wildlife Recovery Centers of the Canary Islands (Spain) between 2009 and 2012. The dual goal of this work was to determine the occurrence of these contaminants in these six species of birds of prey, and also whether they can be used as bioindicators for monitoring environmental pollution in the region. We found that Accipiter nisus, Falco pelegrinoides and Falco tinnunculus were the most contaminated species. The profiles of contamination among the species were extremely similar in the case of organochlorine contaminants, with DDT and its metabolites as the most abundant compounds. The contamination by DDT and its metabolites, as well as contamination by dieldrin, could be considered high in these animals, much higher than reports from other regions of the planet, which is in agreement with previous reports from our group regarding humans, food and other animals from this area. In contrast, the contamination by PCBs could be considered extremely low and was probably below the threshold of toxicity for these contaminants. The content of carcinogenic/mutagenic PAHs in these animals was clearly dependent on the feeding pattern of the species; however, the levels were also well below the values that were considered toxic in predictive models. This study represents the first report of contamination by PAHs in all these species and is also the first report of PCB levels in Barbary Falcons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Norberto Ruiz-Suárez
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rojo-Nieto E, Oliva M, Sales D, Perales JA. Feral finfish, and their relationships with sediments and seawater, as a tool for risk assessment of PAHs in chronically polluted environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1030-1039. [PMID: 24239824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An integrated study has been carried out of the fate and effects of PAHs in fish living in a chronically polluted environment. Total PAH concentrations in different target organs (muscle, liver and gills), have been determined in five species of feral fish and possible histopathological effects and correlations of all these values with concentrations found in sediments and water column have been studied in two of these species. The Potency Equivalent Concentrations and Screening values (SVs), the Biota-to-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) and the Toxic Potency Assessment (TEQ) of sediment for fish have been calculated. Results show that levels found in target organs, the TEQs of sediment calculated for fish related to the SVs for fish consumption are of special concern. However, the index of pathologies shows a relatively low impact of PAHs on fish health. The use of feral finfish in risk assessment for PAHs in chronically polluted environments has been proved to be a useful tool to complement environmental diagnoses and improve their accuracy. This approach combines the measurement of total concentrations in different target organs of several appropriate species, the study of histopathological effects, and correlations between all these results and the concentrations found in associated sediments and column water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rojo-Nieto
- Department of Environmental Technology, Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - M Oliva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - D Sales
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - J A Perales
- Department of Environmental Technology, Andalusian Centre of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gdaniec-Pietryka M, Mechlińska A, Wolska L, Gałuszka A, Namieśnik J. Remobilization of polychlorinated biphenyls from sediment and its consequences for their transport in river waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:4449-59. [PMID: 23007800 PMCID: PMC3613574 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory experiment was performed to examine the remobilization of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (iPCBs) from sediments and its results were applied to the real-world data for explaining the transport of PCBs in river. Seven PCB concentrations were determined in three series of model water-sediment systems (3 g of river sediment, three different volumes of distilled water (0.5, 0.25, and 0.15 ml), and 5 mg of biocide) after 11 days of incubation. Solid-phase extraction was used for separation of analytes from the aqueous phase and solvent extraction for isolation of analytes from the sediments, respectively. The extracts were analyzed for individual iPCB congeners using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. For each series of the experiment, the concentrations of PCBs in aqueous phase were similar. The average sediment/water partition coefficient value was 10(4) l/kg. The solubility of individual PCB congeners in water did not influence the desorption of PCBs from the sediment. Although the dominant form of PCBs in a water-sediment system occurs as suspended and colloidal fractions, these compounds are transported mostly in a dissolved form. Suspended and colloidal matter is a major sink for PCBs in low-energy aquatic environments. In contrast, the dissolved PCBs are readily transported in running waters. The mobilization of PCBs from sediments to aqueous phase, with respect to their solubility in water, seems to be limited, thus reducing the risk of secondary pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gdaniec-Pietryka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12G. Narutowicz St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Mechlińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12G. Narutowicz St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12G. Narutowicz St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
- Interdepartmental Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 9b Powstania Styczniowego St., 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gałuszka
- Geochemistry and the Environment Div., Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 15G Świętokrzyska St., 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12G. Narutowicz St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ok G, Shirapova G, Matafonova G, Batoev V, Lee SH. Characteristics of PAHs, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in the Sediment of Lake Baikal, Russia. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2013.764540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Solé M, Manzanera M, Bartolomé A, Tort L, Caixach J. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments from fishing grounds in the NW Mediterranean: ecotoxicological implications for the benthic fish Solea sp. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 67:158-165. [PMID: 23219395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCls) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured during winter 2011 at seven sites on the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean). Also at these sites, the benthic fish Solea solea and Solea senegalensis were fished for biomarker analysis. Chemical concentrations did not exceed the values considered safe by sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) for PAHs. However, levels of DDT (94.5 ng/g d.w.) and PCBs (15.1 ng/g d.w.) were significant in the Ebre Delta. Nonspecific immune parameters in S. solea showed a positive correlation between lysozyme activity in plasma and PAH content in sediment (r=0.982, p<0.01) and the opposite trend occurred with the complement test (ACH50) (r=-0.837; p<0.05). Cell counts (monocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes) were elevated at most PAH-affected sites. A high concentration of bile FACs (fluorescent aromatic compounds) occurred at the northern station.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Solé
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gorga M, Martínez E, Ginebreda A, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Determination of PBDEs, HBB, PBEB, DBDPE, HBCD, TBBPA and related compounds in sewage sludge from Catalonia (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:51-59. [PMID: 23262324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine different brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in sewage sludge produced in 17 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the Northeast of Spain. A total of eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, from tri- to deca-BDEs, were analyzed. The emerging BFR compounds, hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were also analyzed. The instrumental methodology for the analysis was based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization (GC-NICI-MS). Moreover, liquid cromathography-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QqLIT-MS/MS) was applied for the determination of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and their related compounds, bisphenol A (BPA), monobromobisphenol A (MonoBBPA), dibromobisphenol A (DiBBPA) and tribromobisphenol A (TriBBPA). The most abundant PBDE congener in these sewage sludge samples was BDE-209, with levels ranging from nd to 2303 ng/g dw. In addition, a significant concentrations of DBDPE were also detected, nd-257 ng/g dw, due to their increase production as a Deca-BDE substitute. The emerging compounds HBB and PBEB were detected in 4 WWTPs and their concentrations ranged between nd-5.71 and nd-2.33 ng/g, respectively. TBBPA was detected in quantifiable levels in 15 of the 17 WWTPs analyzed, in concentration range of nd-472 ng/g dw, whereas HBCDs were only found in 8 WWTPs in lower concentrations, between nd and 97.5 ng/g dw. Based on the analysis of sewage sludge samples from different WWTPs and in order to evaluate the impact of these contaminants in the environment, an estimation of BFRs accumulated in the total sewage sludge produced in Catalonia was carried out, with values of 57.8 kg/year, 6.76 kg/year, 13.5 kg/year, 1.56 kg/year, 0.18 kg/year and 0.02 kg/year for PBDEs, DBDPE, TBBPA, HBCDs, HBB and PBEB respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gorga
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guillén D, Ginebreda A, Farré M, Darbra RM, Petrovic M, Gros M, Barceló D. Prioritization of chemicals in the aquatic environment based on risk assessment: analytical, modeling and regulatory perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 440:236-52. [PMID: 22809786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The extensive and intensive use of chemicals in our developed, highly technological society includes more than 100,000 chemical substances. Significant scientific evidence has lead to the recognition that their improper use and release may result in undesirable and harmful side-effects on both the human and ecosystem health. To cope with them, appropriate risk assessment processes and related prioritization schemes have been developed in order to provide the necessary scientific support for regulatory procedures. In the present paper, two of the elements that constitute the core of risk assessment, namely occurrence and hazard effects, have been discussed. Recent advances in analytical chemistry (sample pre-treatment and instrumental equipment, etc.) have allowed for more comprehensive monitoring of environmental pollution reaching limits of detection up to sub ng L(-1). Alternative to analytical measurements, occurrence models can provide risk managers with a very interesting approach for estimating environmental concentrations from real or hypothetical scenarios. The most representative prioritization schemes used for issuing lists of concerning chemicals have also been examined and put in the context of existing environmental policies for protection strategies and regulations. Finally, new challenges in the field of risk-assessment have been outlined, including those posed by new materials (i.e., nanomaterials), transformation products, multi-chemical exposure, or extension of the risk assessment process to the whole ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Guillén
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Martínez-Gómez C, Fernández B, Benedicto J, Valdés J, Campillo JA, León VM, Vethaak AD. Health status of red mullets from polluted areas of the Spanish Mediterranean coast, with special reference to Portmán (SE Spain). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 77:50-59. [PMID: 22385728 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A suite of general physiological indicators and hepatic biomarker responses were determined in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from priority pollution areas of W Mediterranean Sea, including the highly metal polluted area of Portmán (Cartagena, SE Spain). Concentrations of metals and persistent organic pollutants in fish muscle tissue and sediment samples were also analysed. Our results showed that fish from Portmán accumulated the highest concentrations of mercury, lead and arsenic and also of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls congeners. In addition, they had significantly lower condition factor, muscle lipid content and gonadosomatic index, as well as the lowest levels of DNA integrity and the highest ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in liver of the areas investigated. Contaminant body burden in fish only partly corresponded to chemical characteristics of the sediments in the areas in which they were collected. Our findings indicate that red mullets from Portmán had suboptimal health status that warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia), Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schifter I, González‐Macías C, Salazar‐Coria L, González‐Lozano C. Pollution in estuarine and bay sediments at a refinery complex located on the Mexican Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2010.535980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Fang JKH, Au DWT, Chan AKY, So LKY, Liu W, Mok HOL, Yu WY, Wu RSS, Shin PKS. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase enzyme activities and accumulation of secondary/tertiary lysosomes in rabbitfish Siganus oramin as biomarkers for xenobiotic exposures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:4833-4840. [PMID: 20630567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivities of using hepatic and intestinal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities and hepatic accumulation of secondary/tertiary (2 degrees/3 degrees) lysosomes to detect xenobiotic exposures were assessed in the rabbitfish Siganus oramin in a metropolitan harbour, subtropical Hong Kong, over a complete seasonal cycle of one year. Additional information on the body-burden pollutants and physiological indices in S. oramin, and seasonal variables in seawater quality, were extracted from published data and re-analyzed. Under the influences of pollutant cocktail and seasonal factors, neither the hepatic nor intestinal EROD activity was indicative of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Sigma PAH), total polychlorinated biphenyls, condition factor and hepatosomatic index (HSI) in S. oramin. However, the relative ratio of hepatic to intestinal EROD activities provided an indication to differentiate the xenobiotic intake route in the fish through diffusion via gills/skin or consumption of contaminated food. In addition, the elevated hepatic accumulation of 2 degrees/3 degrees lysosomes was closely associated with the dominant temporal trends of zinc and Sigma PAH, as well as reduced HSI, in S. oramin. Being minimally influenced by any investigated seasonal factors, the hepatic 2 degrees/3 degrees lysosomes in S. oramin was recommended as an effective biomarker of xenobiotic exposures and toxic effects for use in coastal pollution monitoring programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James K H Fang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Domínguez C, Sarkar SK, Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee M, Bhattacharya BD, Jover E, Albaigés J, Bayona JM, Alam MA, Satpathy KK. Quantification and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in core sediments from Sundarban mangrove wetland, India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 59:49-61. [PMID: 20082069 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and potential sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores (<63 microm particle size) of the Sundarban mangrove wetland, northeastern coast of Bay of Bengal (India), were investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs ( summation operator(16)PAHs) ranged from 132 to 2938 ng/g, with a mean of 634 ng/g, and the sum of 10 out of 16 priority PAHs ( summation operator(10)PAH) varied from 123 to 2441 ng/g, with a mean of 555 ng/g, and the 5 carcinogenic PAHs (benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) accounted for 68-73% of the priority PAHs. Maximum concentrations of the sediment core were obtained at subsoil depth of 12-16 cm. The prevalence of four to six aromatic ring PAHs and cross-plots of specific isomer ratios such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene, and methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene suggested the predominance of wood and coal combustion sources, the atmospheric deposition, and surface runoff to be the major transport pathways. A good correlation existed between the benzo[a]pyrene level and the total PAH concentrations, making this compound a potential molecular marker for PAH pollution. Total TEQ (S) (carc) values calculated for samples varied from 6.95 ng/g TEQ (S) (carc) to 119 ng/g TEQ (S) (carc) , with an average of 59 ng/g dry weight TEQ (S) (carc) . The baseline data can be used for regular monitoring, considering the industrial and agricultural growth around this coastal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Domínguez
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
David A, Gomez E, Aït-Aïssa S, Rosain D, Casellas C, Fenet H. Impact of urban wastewater discharges on the sediments of a small Mediterranean river and associated coastal environment: assessment of estrogenic and dioxin-like activities. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 58:562-575. [PMID: 20162265 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean region includes many small coastal rivers about which little is known concerning organic contaminant loads in their sediment. This study was designed to assess organic contamination in one of these small coastal rivers (Lez River) and associated coastal sediments. Levels of alkylphenols (APs), polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in sediments of the Lez River and two coastal lagoons impacted by wastewater discharges. In parallel, sediment surrounding a recently built submarine outfall that discharges treated wastewater, from an area encompassing some 450,000 inhabitants, into the sea was monitored a year after the beginning of emission via the outfall. Finally, these sediments were characterized by screening estrogenic, PAH-like and dioxin-like activities using in vitro bioassays. Both chemical analyses and bioassays revealed that wastewater inputs were a source of organic contamination of sediments from the Lez and lagoons, which still persisted 2 years after the discharges were stopped. APs could explain a small proportion of the overall estrogenic activities (up to 31%), suggesting that other estrogenic compounds were also present in the sediments. PAHs explained a great share (83% on average) of the EROD induction potency of the extracts. This survey should be the first step in the long-term monitoring of these sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A David
- UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier 1, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14 491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Salazar-Coria L, Schifter I, González-Macías C. Weighing the evidence of ecological risk from PAHs contamination in the estuarine environment of Salina Cruz Bay, México. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 162:387-406. [PMID: 19266302 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Results of bulk-phase chemical measurements, toxicological tests combined with bioaccumulation measures in fishes, were used to evaluate the toxicity of the 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the sediment collected from eight stations of the Ventosa Estuarine System, located close to the main center of processing oil in the Mexican Pacific coast. Levels of the sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons varied from 22 to 6,850 microg kg(-1) dry weight. Based on sediment quality guidelines, the compounds with high environmental priority were acenaphtylene, acenaphtene, and phenanthrene. Acute toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna as well as chronic toxicity with Panagrellus redivivus were performed. The quantification of hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was used to assess the induction of the mixed function oxygenase system of brown trout. However, because it is often difficult to blend the results from such very different assays into a unified decision about the potential for impacts, a weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach to sediment quality investigations was followed. These assays provided measurement endpoints that could be used to develop an overall evaluation of the potential for environmental impacts from the oil processing operations. WOE provides a valuable tool for assessing the results of environmental investigations because it provides a framework for considering the strengths and weaknesses of environmental measurements, an approach for addressing uncertainty in the measurements, and documentation of the evaluation and its assumptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Salazar-Coria
- Dirección de Seguridad y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Mexico, DF, 07730, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sánchez-Avila J, Quintana J, Ventura F, Tauler R, Duarte CM, Lacorte S. Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: an effective tool for determining persistent organic pollutants and nonylphenol in coastal waters in compliance with existing Directives. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:103-112. [PMID: 19786286 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A multi-residual method based on stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC-MS) has been developed to measure 49 organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and nonylphenol) in seawater. Using 100ml of water, the method exhibited good linearity, with recoveries between 86% and 118% and relative standard deviation between 2% and 24% for almost all compounds. The method was applied to determine target contaminants in Catalonian seawater, including coastal areas, ports and desalination plant feed water. Overall individual compound levels oscillated between 0.16 and 597 ng l(-1); PAHs and nonylpenol were the compounds found at the highest concentrations. The method provided LODs between 0.011 and 2.5 ng l(-1), lower than the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) fixed by Directive 2008/105/EC. In compliance with the directive, this method can be used as a tool to survey target compounds and is aimed at protecting coastal ecosystems from chemical pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sánchez-Avila
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hui Y, Zheng M, Liu Z, Gao L. PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in sediments from Yellow Estuary and Yangtze Estuary, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:614-619. [PMID: 19629365 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Twenty one surface sediments were analyzed for PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs by HRGC-HRMS in Yellow Estuary and Yangtze Estuary in China. The concentration ranges of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and WHO-TEQ were 2.33-253, 0.04-139 and 0.11-1.01 pg/g dw respectively in sediment from two estuaries. For PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs, OCDD, CB77, CB105 and CB118 were found to be dominant. The pollution levels in two estuaries were lower compared with that in other locations reported by previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Luo J, Ma M, Zha J, Wang Z. Characterization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in sediments of Wenyu River, Beijing, China. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:2441-2448. [PMID: 19344927 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic (Ah-agonistic) effects of 23 sediments from Wenyu River in Beijing, China were evaluated using the H4IIE cell bioassay. Five samples were selected for chemical analysis of most concerned Ah-agonists, i.e. polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). All raw sediment extracts induced significant Ah-agonistic effects, and the bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents of raw extracts (TEQ(raw)s) ranged from 8.5 to 336.0 pg/g dry weight (dw). Chemical analysis-derived TEQs (TEQ(chem)s) ranged from 20.5 to 64.8 pg/g dw. When raw extracts were purified by sulphuric acid silica gel column to derive acid stable fraction, the TCDD equivalents in this fraction (TEQ(stable)s) ranged from 2.7 to 63.8 pg/g dw. PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs contributed about 51.4-72.1%, 1.2-7.3%, and 16.4-34.8% of TEQ(stable)s, respectively, and the sum was 69.1-108.6%. Therefore, about 65.0% of TEQ(raw)s could be attributed to acid labile fraction and only 3.3-9.6% to PAHs. These observations suggested that acid stable fraction and labile fraction contributed together to total Ah-agonistic effects in the sediments, and PCBs and PCDFs might be the two main components in acid stable Ah-agonists. The proposed approach using both H4IIE cell bioassay and chemical analysis could be used for characterization and prioritization of Ah-agonists in river sediments and helpful to the following progression of ecological remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang Y, Hunter W, Tao S, Gan J. Relationships between desorption intervals and availability of sediment-associated hydrophobic contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8446-8451. [PMID: 19068830 DOI: 10.1021/es801876z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Availability is an important factor regulating the fate and toxic effects of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in soil and sediment. Many methods have been proposed for measuring HOC availability, but ambiguity exists in the selection of methods or method conditions. In this study, using pyrethroid insecticides as model HOCs, we measured their desorption kinetics from black carbon (BC)-amended sediments and used comprehensive statistical analysis to understand the dependence of the derived parameters on desorption intervals. Fitting of data from Tenax-aided depletive desorption to a three-phase model gave estimates of 11-13, 28-33, and 57-60% pyrethroid distribution in the rapid (F(rapid)), slow (F(s)), and very slow (F(vs)) desorption fractions, respectively. The desorbed fraction after 24 h, or F(24h), essentially equaled to F(rapid), while the desorbed fraction after 6 h (F(6h)) was only about half of F(rapid), suggesting that the practice of using F(6h) in lieu of F(rapid) would lead to inaccurate assessment of availability. In contrast, Pearson correlation coefficients for the desorbed fractions and uptake into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibers decreased with increasing desorption intervals, with F(6h) giving the most agreeable measurements. Therefore, while F(rapid) estimated from depletive desorption reflects the total chemical accessibility, desorbed fractions after short intervals likely provide a measure for the immediate availability, much like PDMS fibers. The use of desorbed fractions after short intervals (e.g., F(6h)) to approximate F(rapid) may give estimates substantially different from F(rapid) and therefore should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yao B, Yang L. Stirring-Assisted Cloud-Point Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie071618l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjia Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang H, He M, Lin C, Quan X, Guo W, Yang Z. Monitoring and assessment of persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from the Daliaohe River watershed, northeast of China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 133:231-42. [PMID: 17268925 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment samples from 12 sites of the three selected rivers in Daliaohe River watershed (Hunhe River, Taizihe River and Daliaohe River) were analyzed with the objective of establishing sources and hazard of the organochlorinae pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) in surface sediments. The total concentrations of OCPs varied from 3.06 to 23.24 ng g(-1). SigmaHCH (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, delta-HCH, gamma-HCH), SigmaDDT (p, p'-DDE, p, p'-DDD, o, p'-DDT, p, p'-DDT) and SigmaCyclodiene (Heptachlor, Aldrin, Heptachlor epoxide, Dieldrin, Endrin) ranged from 1.86 to 21.48, 0.5 to 2.81 and 0.56 to 1.53 ng g(-1), respectively. Results of OCPs also illustrate that the most dominant pollutants among the OCPs was SigmaHCH, and gamma-HCH was the most dominant isomer in HCH, which was evidence of recent input of lindane. It possibly came from the runoff of polluted soils and long-scale transportation. Total PCB concentrations ranged between 1.88 and 16.88 ng g(-1). The peak concentrations of PCBs were found in sediments from station T5 and D3, which are in the vicinity of industrial areas and ferry, respectively. These data show a moderate level of OCPs and PCBs contaminations compared to that in other countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martínez-Lladó X, Gibert O, Martí V, Díez S, Romo J, Bayona JM, de Pablo J. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tributyltin (TBT) in Barcelona harbour sediments and their impact on benthic communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 149:104-13. [PMID: 17614167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sediments have long been recognised as a sink for many contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tributyltin (TBT), which by virtue of their nature can strongly adsorb onto sediments affecting the benthic community inhabiting them. Using geographical information systems, this study reports and combines the results of several already existing studies along Barcelona harbour in order to assess the potential ecological impacts of these contaminants on the benthos of the harbour ecosystem. Chemical analysis indicated low to moderate contents of PAHs and high contents of TBT in sediments in Barcelona harbour. Comparison against existing sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) indicated that acutely toxic effects would not be expected for PAHs but for TBT, which represents a serious environmental threat for the benthic community. Benthos surveys revealed a deterioration of the benthic community throughout the harbour, especially in the inner port.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Martínez-Lladó
- Environmental Technology Area, CTM-UPC, Avda. Bases de Manresa 1, 08240 Manresa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cloud Point Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solution with Silicone Surfactants. Chin J Chem Eng 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(07)60110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
47
|
Frignani M, Piazza R, Bellucci LG, Cu NH, Zangrando R, Albertazzi S, Moret I, Romano S, Gambaro A. Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the Tam Giang-Cau Hai Lagoon, Central Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:1786-93. [PMID: 17217990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Tam Giang-Cau Hai Lagoon, the largest in south east Asia, suffers from a great anthropogenic pressure and appears subject to a process of progressive environmental deterioration. To establish causes, history and trends of lagoon contamination, sediment samples representing three major parts of the systems were sampled and analysed for porosity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, delta(13)C, grain size, radiotracers and PCBs. PCB surficial concentrations range from 10.2 to 24.5 microg kg(-1), and maximum values are close to NOAA ERL guidelines. The downcore distribution of PCBs shows two well defined peaks in the core from Tam Giang (25.5 and 16.2 microg kg(-1)), whereas the sediment from Cau Hai is characterised by a maximum at the surface. Therefore, present trends indicate that contamination is still increasing or slightly decreasing. The prevailing congeners are 3-CB and 4-CB, hence recent PCBs appear to be mostly originated by Aroclor 1016- and 1242-like mixtures, with some samples influenced also by Aroclor 1248. Present sources seem to be similar everywhere and probably they are widespread all over the territory of the Thua Thien-Hue province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Frignani
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze Marine, Sezione di Geologia Marina, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dahlgren J, Takhar H, Schecter A, Schmidt R, Horsak R, Paepke O, Warshaw R, Lee A, Anderson-Mahoney P. Residential and biological exposure assessment of chemicals from a wood treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:S279-85. [PMID: 17234249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the results of contamination of residents and residential homes located in close proximity to a Wood Treatment Plant. The plant has produced treated wood products continuously since 1904. The principle chemicals used to treat the wood, which is primarily used for railroad ties (oblong objects laid perpendicular to the rails to act as a base for the tracks), are creosote and pentachlorophenol. For a number of years, the plant burned treated waste wood products containing creosote and pentachlorophenol. First the plant pressure impregnates the wood with creosote and pentachlorophenol, and then the wood is stacked on open ground to allow it to air dry. Chemicals from recently treated wood ties are allowed to evaporate into the air or drip onto the ground surrounding the stacked wood. Small drainage ditches carry the liquid wastes into larger water channels where eventually the waste streams are discharged into a river adjacent to the plant. The river serves as a source of drinking water for the nearby community. Prevailing wind patterns favor a drift of air emissions from the plant's boiler stack over the nearby community and its residents. Over the past few years, the town's residents have become increasingly concerned about their health status and have voiced concerns regarding multiple health problems (including cancer), possibly associated with plant discharges. The intention of this study is to examine a representative sample of the potentially affected residents and to evaluate their residential environment for the presence of dioxin and/or its congeners. Data obtained from EPA's Toxic Release Information (TRI) database revealed the plant routinely discharged creosote, pentachlorophenol, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds into the ambient air via fugitive air emissions and surface waste waters. Sampling of household dust and water sediment within and outside of residences within a 2-mile radius of the plant revealed the presence of significantly elevated levels of dioxins, principally octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-CDD. Biomonitoring of 29 subjects identified the presence of significantly elevated chlorinated dioxins and furan levels (OCDD=1049 ppt for exposed and 374 ppt for controls and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta CDD=132 ppt for exposed and 45.1 ppt for controls). These levels are consistent with exposures to pentachlorophenol in this group of subjects. And they confirm the presence of unsafe levels of chlorinated dioxins in these persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Dahlgren
- UCLA School of Medicine, Occupational Medicine, 2811 Wilshire Blvd Suite 510, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gomez-Rico MF, Font R, Aracil I, Fullana A. Analysis of organic pollutants in sewage sludges from the Valencian community (Spain). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 52:306-16. [PMID: 17384980 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen sewage sludges were studied to analyse, with the minimum number of steps, the organic pollutants that the European Union proposes to be controlled for land application. The compounds determined were a selection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); a selection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP); nonylphenolic compounds, including nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates with 1 and 2 ethoxy groups (NP1EO + NP2EO); extractable organic halides (EOX); and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) with an alkylic chain of 10 to 13 carbon atoms. The results were compared with the proposed regulatory limit values, and it was observed that NP + NP1EO + NP2EO and LAS exceeded the maximums in most samples, and DEHP exceeded some of them, whereas PAHs, PCBs, and EOX almost always went beyond the limits. The values obtained are similar to those from other countries, and it can be said that it is difficult to comply with the limits for NP + NP1EO + NP2EO and LAS in many of them, although this latter parameter was not considered in the study carried out by Leschber (2004) concerning the toxicity of sewage sludge. Statistical multivariant analysis was used to look for some relationship between the results of pollutants and the characteristics of the samples, and it was found that the ratio of NP1EO + NP2EO to NP was related to sludge treatment at the sewage plant. At the same time, it was seen that the higher values of organic pollutants belonged to digested sludges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Gomez-Rico
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang Z, Chen J, Yang P, Qiao X, Tian F. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dalian soils: distribution and toxicity assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:199-204. [PMID: 17285163 DOI: 10.1039/b617338c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in surface soils collected from Dalian, China, for examination of distributions and composition profiles and their potential toxicity. The sum of 15 PAHs (SigmaPAHs) ranged from 190 to 8595 ng g(-1) dry weight, and showed an apparent urban-suburban-rural gradient in both SigmaPAHs and composition profiles. Using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the sampling sites were grouped into four clusters corresponding to traffic area, park/residential area, suburban and rural areas. The ratios of naphthalene (Nap) and fluorene (Fl) versus fluoranthene (Flu), pyrene (Pyr) and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (InP) in the four clusters provided evidence of local distillation. The diagnostic ratios indicated the prevalent PAH sources were petroleum combustion and coal combustion in Dalian, and a cross plot of diagnostic ratios distinguished the urban samples from suburban and rural ones. Toxic potency assessment of soil PAHs presented a good relationship with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) levels, toxic equivalent concentrations based on BaP (TEQ(BaP)) and dioxin-like toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ(TCDD)). The study highlights that BaP is a good indicator for assessing the potential toxicity of PAHs, and presents a promising toxicity assessment method for soil PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|