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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Wen J. Photoisomerization and Ultrafast Dynamics of Phenylazothiazoles: Theoretical Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2025. [PMID: 40448674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2025]
Abstract
Phenylazothiazole (PAT) is a novel heteroaryl azo photoswitch that undergoes trans (E) to cis (Z) photoisomerization under visible light, making it promising for biological applications. However, the quantum yield of the E-to-Z isomerization is significantly lower than that of the Z-to-E process, limiting its practical utility. In this study, we employ nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to investigate the ultrafast dynamics of the E-to-Z photoisomerization. Through a systematic analysis of electronic structure methods, we demonstrate that spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT) provides a reliable description of the electronic excited states, particularly at conical intersections, yielding results consistent with multireference methods. Based on two-dimensional potential energy surfaces, we reveal that E-PAT initially relaxes along the torsional coordinate to reach the minimum of the S2 state, followed by two distinct pathways returning to the ground state. One pathway involves a planar minimum in the S1 state, predominantly leading back to the E isomer rather than the Z isomer, which explains the lower E-to-Z quantum yield. Additionally, we explore the substituent effects on the optical properties and thermal isomerization of PAT derivatives, showing that substituents not only induce a redshift in the absorption spectrum but also modulate the activation barrier of ground-state isomerization. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights into the photoisomerization mechanism of PATs and offer guidance for designing optoelectronic materials with tunable optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Luxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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2
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Tovtik R, Marzin D, Weigel P, Crespi S, Simeth NA. Substituent effects in N-acetylated phenylazopyrazole photoswitches. Beilstein J Org Chem 2025; 21:830-838. [PMID: 40297252 PMCID: PMC12035873 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.21.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Phenylazopyrazole photoswitches proved to be valuable structural motifs for various applications ranging from materials science to medicine. Despite their potential, their structural diversity is still limited and a larger pool of substitution patterns remains to be systematically investigated. This is paramount as electronic effects play a crucial role in the behavior of photoswitches and a deeper understanding enables their straightforward development for specific applications. In this work, we synthesized novel N-acylpyrazole-based photoswitches and conducted a comparative study with 33 phenylazopyrazoles, comparing their photoswitching properties and the impact of electronic effects. Using UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy, we discovered that simple acylation of the pyrazole moiety leads to increased quantum yields of isomerization, long Z-isomer life-times, good spectral separation, and high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Tovtik
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Marzin
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pia Weigel
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Singh S, Velloth A, Mahato RR, Grewal S, Maiti S, Venkataramani S. An azothiazole probe as a multianalyte colorimetric chemosensor for urea and biologically significant amines. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:3634-3642. [PMID: 40123496 DOI: 10.1039/d5ob00077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
We report an azothiazole-based probe as a chemosensor for urea with a LOD of 45 μM. The underlying sensing principle is an instantaneous color change associated with the complex forming between the probe and ammonia, a hydrolysis product of urea catalyzed by the enzyme urease. In addition, the probe has a broad scope in sensing biologically significant amines such as arginine and lysine across a wide range of pH (4 to 8). Through extensive spectroscopic and computational studies in conjunction with control experiments, the importance of H-bonding in the sensing mechanism has been unraveled, revealing the stoichiometry, binding constant and LOD of these analytes with the probe. Indeed, the two individual amino acids can be distinguished by the spectral changes associated with UV-vis spectroscopy or by contrasting color diffusion under agarose gel conditions. Moreover, the probe shows a broad scope in detecting a range of aliphatic primary and secondary amines, including cyclic amines. The utility of the probe has also been demonstrated by using it for sensing urea in urine samples. These attributes make this probe a cost-effective, reusable and versatile chemosensor with ease of handling for sensing multianalytes by varying the conditions and detection modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli - 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Archana Velloth
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli - 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Rishi Ram Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli - 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli - 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli - 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli - 140 306, Punjab, India.
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Dong WS, Zhang PP, Xu MQ, Lu ZJ, Li ZM, Wang K, Yu QY, Zhang JG. One-Pot Synthesis of Innovative Multicomponent Complexes as Catalysts for Enhanced Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2411382. [PMID: 40059511 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202411382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
The creation of multi-component energetic complex molecules, with functionalized groups, combined with synergistic catalysis among catalytic interactions between their components, offers a remarkable opportunity to boost the energy release of ammonium perchlorate (AP). This study uses a one-pot method to investigate a synthesis approach for coordinating anion complexes.Furthermore, the potential applications of this series of complexes as combustion catalysts are analyzed. The results show that mixing an energetic complex with AP, results in a distinct thermal decomposition pattern. Specifically, AG[Zn(DNPO)2]2H2O (AEP-2) and DAG[Zn(DNPO)2]2H2O (AEP-3) catalyze the decomposition of AP in a single exothermic reaction. The high-temperature decomposition of AP increased to 309.8 and 323.9 °C, respectively. Real-time infrared detection revealed H₂O, N₂O, NO₂, and HCl, confirming the accelerated high-temperature decomposition period of the catalyzed AP decomposition. Furthermore, the detection of CO₂ indicates that the energetic catalyst is also decomposed during this phase. Kinetic analysis of the decomposition process shows that the catalytic AP decomposed via a single nucleation pathway. The catalytic decomposition mechanism of this series of catalysts for AP thermal decomposition is elucidated based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zu-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Adak S, Ghosh I, Maity ML, Bandyopadhyay S. Arylazopyrazole Photoconversion Enables Tunable Morphology and Mechanical Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2412482. [PMID: 39901491 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202412482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025]
Abstract
A red-light switchable fast, near-quantitative two-way photoswitching of an azoheteroarene, arylazo-N-phenyl-3,5-diphenyl pyrazole (AAP1), with a high thermal half-life of the cis-isomer is reported here. The photochromic molecule switches in the solution phase and even in thin films. The design of AAP1 incorporates structural features that enable cis → trans reversal under red light quantitatively. Solid-state photoswitching in pristine thin films has been demonstrated using AAP1. Various photo patterns on paper with AAP1 as the photochromic ink are generated and their switching displaying the change in color is investigated. Single-crystal XRD structures of the trans-isomer as well as, the more exciting and rarely observed form, the cis-isomer of AAP1 is obtained. The SCXRD analysis reveals that the phenyl groups in the pyrazole ring engage in an intramolecular π-stacking interaction only in the cis-isomer which significantly enhances its thermal stability. The needle-shaped crystals of the thermodynamically stable trans-AAP1 display exceptional elastic mechanical flexibility, whilst the plate-like cis-isomers are brittle. The quantitative difference of the mechanical properties of both the isomers is exhibited by nanoindentation experiments. The trans crystals are significantly softer than the cis ones and a roughly three-fold difference in mechanical characteristics is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Adak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ishita Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Manik Lal Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
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6
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Charette M, Rosenblum C, Shade O, Deiters A. Optogenetics with Atomic Precision─A Comprehensive Review of Optical Control of Protein Function through Genetic Code Expansion. Chem Rev 2025; 125:1663-1717. [PMID: 39928721 PMCID: PMC11869211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2025]
Abstract
Conditional control of protein activity is important in order to elucidate the particular functions and interactions of proteins, their regulators, and their substrates, as well as their impact on the behavior of a cell or organism. Optical control provides a perhaps optimal means of introducing spatiotemporal control over protein function as it allows for tunable, rapid, and noninvasive activation of protein activity in its native environment. One method of introducing optical control over protein activity is through the introduction of photocaged and photoswitchable noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) through genetic code expansion in cells and animals. Genetic incorporation of photoactive ncAAs at key residues in a protein provides a tool for optical activation, or sometimes deactivation, of protein activity. Importantly, the incorporation site can typically be rationally selected based on structural, mechanistic, or computational information. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the applications of photocaged lysine, tyrosine, cysteine, serine, histidine, glutamate, and aspartate derivatives, as well as photoswitchable phenylalanine analogues. The extensive and diverse list of proteins that have been placed under optical control demonstrates the broad applicability of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Charette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Carolyn Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Olivia Shade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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7
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Pongkulapa T, Yum JH, McLoughlin CD, Conklin B, Kumagai T, Goldston LL, Sugiyama H, Park S, Lee KB. NIR-Induced Photoswitching Hybrid DNA Nanoconstruct-Based Drug Delivery System for Spatiotemporal Control of Stem Cell Fate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025:e2409530. [PMID: 40007062 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202409530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal control of drug delivery is extremely valuable for regulating stem cell fate, particularly in stem cell differentiation. A novel near-infrared (NIR)-mediated spatiotemporal delivery system is reported combining photo-switchable arylazopyrazole (AAP)-containing DNA strands and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). This nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) enables precise modulation of DNA duplex structures in response to NIR stimuli, overcoming the limitations of traditional UV-responsive systems. AAP derivatives with enhanced photoswitching efficiency (≈98%) and significantly improved cis-form stability are engineered. The successful delivery of curcumin, a neurogenic compound with an affinity for the minor groove of DNA, to human neural stem cells (NSCs) is achieved using UCNP-DNA-AAP constructs. Upon 980 nm NIR light exposure, UCNPs efficiently up-converted NIR to UV light, triggering AAP photoisomerization and DNA dissociation, thus releasing curcumin. This approach enabled efficient spatiotemporal control over NSC differentiation while facilitating neuroprotection. Immunofluorescence and gene expression analyses demonstrated enhanced neuronal mRNA levels and neurite outgrowth in treated cells. In short, the NIR-mediated photo-switchable NDDS offers a precise and innovative approach to control stem cell fate, enabling spatiotemporal regulation of cellular processes. This technology has significant potential applications in nanomedicine and neuroscience, where precise drug delivery is crucial for targeted neural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ji Hye Yum
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Callan D McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Tomotaka Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Li Ling Goldston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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8
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Liang R, Yuan B, Zhang F, Feng W. Azopyridine Polymers in Organic Phase Change Materials for High Energy Density Photothermal Storage and Controlled Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202419165. [PMID: 39564601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202419165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Azo-compounds molecules and phase change materials offer potential applications for sustainable energy systems through the storage and controllable release photochemical and phase change energy. Developing novel and highly efficient Azo-based solar thermal fuels (STFs) for photothermal energy storage and synergistic cooperation with organic phase change materials present significant challenges. Herein, three types of (ortho-, meta-, and para-) azopyridine polymers hinged with flexible alkyl chain are synthesized, in which meta-azopyridine polymer exhibits striking photothermal storage capacity of 430 J/g, providing a feasibility solution for developing high energy density Azo-based STFs. Furthermore, a stable two-phase hybrid system was innovatively constructed by combining the meta-azopyridine polymer with organic phase change materials leveraging hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions to collectively harness phase change energy and photothermal energy. The organic phase change material not only supplies additional phase change latent heat but also serves as a solvent, offering abundant free volume for the photo-induced isomerization of the azopyridine chromophores, which successfully circumvents the low charging efficiency in the condensed state and reliance on solvent-assisted charging in traditional Azo-based STFs. This study demonstrates the energy distribution and utilization for household consumers and the photothermal-assisted insulation strategy, achieving more extensive potential implementation for STFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Liang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Institute of Advanced Technology and Equipment, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Institute of Advanced Technology and Equipment, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Institute of Advanced Technology and Equipment, Beijing, 100029, China
- Tianjin University, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Zubair M, Mohyuddin A, Mustafa G. Design and Exploration of Benzene Like Azobis Triazoles for Long-range Push-Pull Photo-Switching Attributes. J Fluoresc 2025; 35:731-750. [PMID: 38157087 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and photovoltaic parameters of azobenzene type 24 photo switches (PSs) of triazole by density functional theory (DFT). The focus was on investigating how to create a long-range push-pull effect of different substituents on the PS properties for their application in photovoltaics by further substituent decoration. Their range of values for the maximum wavelength (λmax) ranged 315-556 nm while their HOMO-LUMO energies (Egaps) were 0.57-6.35eV. The stability of the PS was evaluated by measuring hardness (η) and softness (σ) values. Additionally, photovoltaic parameters such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and maximum power (Pmax) were calculated to assess the performance of the PS as photovoltaic materials. The results revealed that PSs 6 exhibited promising photovoltaic parameters to include Voc values ranging from 0.4-1.63eV, FF values ranging from 0.5438-0.929, Jsc values ranging from 19.27-50.75 mA/cm2, and Pmax values ranging from 14.72-75.91W. This indicates its potential as an efficient light-harvesting material for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, this study presents a pioneering investigation on the correlation between rotational velocity (R) and Mayer bond index (MBI) for the first time. The findings revealed a significant correlation between R and MBI, providing valuable insights into the structural dynamics of the PS. This novel finding opens up new avenues for understanding the structural dynamics of PS and their potential applications in various fields, including photovoltaics. The study provides valuable insights into the structure-property relationships of azobenzene-based PS and their suitability for photovoltaic devices. Further investigations are warranted to optimize the design of the PS, enhance their photovoltaic performance, and explore the underlying mechanisms of the correlation between R and MBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Lunan Research Institute of Beijing Institute of Technology, 888 Zhengtai Road, Tengzhou, 277599, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
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Ozcelik HG, Bienek D, Hardt M, Glikman D, Braunschweig B, Heuer A. Photoswitchable Arylazopyrazole Surfactants at the Water-Air Interface: A Microscopic Perspective. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:27183-27193. [PMID: 39686529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Surfactants play an important role in modifying the properties of water-air interfaces. Here, we combine information from molecular dynamics simulations, surface tensiometry, and vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy to study the interfacial behavior of photoswitchable arylazopyrazole (AAP) surfactants. This combination of the experimental techniques allows a direct relation between surface tension and surface concentration rather than just the bulk concentration. Specifically, we conducted a comparison between two derivatives, one with an octyl terminal group (O-AAP) and the other without this group (H-AAP), focusing on their respective E and Z isomers. From the simulations of these four systems, we see that those with a stronger cluster formation, likely resulting from higher intermolecular attractive interactions, display higher surface tensions for the intermediate surface excess. In some cases, even a small but noticeable maximum in the surface tension isotherm is observed for systems with strong cluster formation. Such a maximum is not observed in the experiments, although such an observation would be compatible with the general properties of the Frumkin isotherm. We exclude that the peak is due to the finite width of the simulation box. Apart from this effect, the general features of the surface tension are consistent between the experiment and simulation. Evidence is also provided that it is primarily the interaction of the aromatic rings that determines the strength of the surfactant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gokberk Ozcelik
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David Bienek
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hardt
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dana Glikman
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- University of Münster, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Zilberg S. Light driven photoswitches: three classes of molecular systems that result in a single photoproduct via a conical intersection and an exothermic reverse reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 27:32-41. [PMID: 39629514 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp04024d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
A common feature of molecular photoswitches is the selectivity of their photo-processes. The photoswitching model must combine a selective photochemical direct route and a thermal reverse reaction from the product back to the parent reactant. The conical intersection model is an appropriate approach to this problem. Valence bond analysis of the ground state reactions between the photoswitching isomers provides a chemically oriented approach to locate the conical intersection and to define its two coordinates. Three different classes of molecular photoswitches have been identified:(1) A reactant and product are connected by two distinct reaction routes with two different transition states. The conical intersection is situated inside this phase-inverting loop. An example of this class of photoswitches is an isomerization around a polar double CC, CN or NN bond. The capacity to store energy is indicated by the energy gap between the reactant and product. However, this can also result in the destabilisation of the product. For instance, the addition of bulky substituents can disrupt the planar fragment around the double bond, leading to the loss of π-conjugation. Two non-equivalent isomers with different contributions of polar and biradical forms can exhibit a highly distorted conical intersection topology. (2) The photoreaction leading to two photoproducts is a regular case. However, this case could be a "quasi single product", if two products or the parent reactant and one of the products are equivalent isomers. This is the second type of photoswitch. (3) If one of the two products is at a higher energy level than both the reactant and the main product, then this is also a possible molecular photoswitching mechanism. The second high energy product is likely to be unstable and it is close to conical intersection. The norbornadiene-quadricyclane pair is an example of this type of photoswitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Zilberg
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Materials Research Center, Ariel University, 4076414 Ariel, Israel.
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12
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Gemen J, Stövesand B, Glorius F, Ravoo BJ. Surface Tension Manipulation with Visible Light through Sensitized Disequilibration of Photoswitchable Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202413209. [PMID: 39145431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202413209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Azoarene isomerization lies at the heart of numerous applications, from catalysis or energy storage to photopharmacology. While efficient switching between their E and Z isomers predominantly relies on UV light, a recent study by Klajn and co-workers introduced visible light sensitization of E azoarenes and their subsequent isomerization as a tool coined disequilibration by sensitization under confinement (DESC) to obtain high yields of the Z isomer. This host-guest approach is, however, still constrained to minimally substituted azoarenes with limited applicability in advanced molecular systems. Herein, we expand DESC for the assembly of surfactants at the air-water interface. Leveraging our expertise with photoswitchable amphiphiles, we induce substantial alterations of the water surface tension through reversible arylazopyrazole isomerization. After studying the binding of charged surfactants to the host, we find that the surface activity differences upon visible light switching for both isomers are comparable to those obtained by UV light excitation. The method is demonstrated on a large concentration range and can be activated using green or red light, depending on the sensitizer chosen. The straightforward implementation of photoswitch sensitization in a complex molecular network showcases how DESC enables the improvement of existing systems and the development of novel applications driven by visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Gemen
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Stövesand
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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13
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Pani I, Hardt M, Glikman D, Braunschweig B. Photo-induced drug release at interfaces with arylazopyrazoles. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04837g. [PMID: 39464617 PMCID: PMC11503751 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04837g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Smart responsive materials have spurred the progress in high-precision drug delivery. Enormous attention has been given to characterizing drug release in bulk aqueous solutions, however, aqueous-hydrophobic interfaces are vital components of biological systems which serve as the point of entry into cells. These interfaces are involved in many key biomolecular interactions, and while the potential for drug molecules to adsorb to these interfaces is recognized, their specific role in the context of drug release remains largely unexplored. We present a fundamental investigation on the release of encapsulated drugs at the air-water interface as a representative model to mimic the organic/aqueous interface of cells. Combining the advantages of light as an external stimulus and the superiority of arylazopyrazoles (AAP) over conventional azobenzene photoswitches, we report a micellar nanocarrier for the capture and release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Using a powerful combination of interface-sensitive techniques such as the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, surface tensiometry, and the interface-specific vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, we demonstrate the photoresponsive release of doxorubicin encapsulated in the micelles of AAP photosurfactants to the air-water interface. Complementary fluorescence measurements corroborate additional drug release in bulk aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Pani
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Michael Hardt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Dana Glikman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster Corrensstraße 28-30 Münster 48149 Germany
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14
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Sunny AS, Cleven EC, Kumar P, Venkataramani S, Walls JD, Ramamurthy V. Structure, Dynamics, and Reactivity of Encapsulated Molecules in Restricted Spaces: Arylazoisoxazoles within an Octa Acid Capsule. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:17638-17655. [PMID: 39110852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a well-defined organic capsule assembled from two octa acid (OA) molecules acting as host and select arylazoisoxazoles (AAIO) acting as guests were employed to demonstrate that confined molecules have restricted freedom that translates into reaction selectivity in both ground and excited states. The behavior of these AAIO guests in confined capsules was found to be different from that found in both crystals, where there is very little freedom, and in isotropic solvents, where there is complete freedom. Through one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) 1H NMR spectroscopic experiments, we have established a relationship between structure, dynamics and reactivity of molecules confined in an OA capsule. Introduction of CF3 and CH3 substitution at the 4-position of the aryl group of AAIO reveals that in addition to space confinement, weak interactions between the guest and the OA capsule control the dynamics and reactivity of guest molecules. 1H NMR studies revealed that there is a temperature-dependence to guest molecules tumbling (180° rotation along the capsular short axis) within an OA capsule. While 1H NMR points to the occurrence of tumbling motion, MD simulations and simulation of the temperature-dependent NMR signals provide an insight into the mechanism of tumbling within OA capsules. Thermal and photochemical isomerization of AAIO were found to occur within an OA capsule just as in organic solvents. The observed selectivity noted during thermal and photo induced isomerization of OA encapsulated AAIOs can be qualitatively understood in terms of the well-known concepts due to Bell-Evans-Polanyi (BEP principle), Hammond and Zimmerman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Sam Sunny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Elliott C Cleven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Pravesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jamie D Walls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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15
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Ziegler K, Schlichter L, Post Y, Gröschel AH, Ravoo BJ. Photoresponsive Block Copolymer Nanostructures through Implementation of Arylazopyrazoles. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1065-1071. [PMID: 39094101 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Responsive nanomaterials that can undergo reversible changes in morphology are interesting for the development of functional materials that interact with and respond to their environment. Amphiphilic block copolymers are well-known for their ability to create a wide range of supramolecular nanostructures in solution. Arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) are versatile molecular photoswitches, which change their configuration and hydrophobicity upon irradiation with UV light (365 nm, Z isomer, less hydrophobic) and green light (520 nm, E isomer, more hydrophobic). In this work, photoswitchable block copolymers containing arylazopyrazole tetraethylene glycol methacrylate (AAPMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) forming amphiphilic POEGMA-b-PAAPMA with varying block lengths are prepared by RAFT polymerization. The photochemical properties of AAP persist in the polymers. Due to their amphiphilic structure, the polymers self-assemble into supramolecular morphologies in water. Remarkably, photoisomerization results in a reversible change in the self-assembly behavior. Specifically, spherical and cylindrical micelles are observed for POEGMA33-b-PAAPMA47 when illuminated with green or UV light during assembly. Furthermore, the morphology of assembled structures can be reversibly switched by subsequent irradiation with UV and green light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ziegler
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Schlichter
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yorick Post
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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16
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Wu J, Greenfield JL. Photoswitchable Imines Drive Dynamic Covalent Systems to Nonequilibrium Steady States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20720-20727. [PMID: 39025474 PMCID: PMC11295185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Coupling a photochemical reaction to a thermal exchange process can drive the latter to a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) under photoirradiation. Typically, systems use separate motifs for photoresponse and equilibrium-related processes. Here, we show that photoswitchable imines can fulfill both roles simultaneously, autonomously driving a dynamic covalent system into a NESS under continuous light irradiation. We demonstrate this using transimination reactions, where E-to-Z photoisomerism generates a more kinetically labile species. At the NESS, energy is stored both in the metastable Z-isomer of the imine and in the system's nonequilibrium constitution; when the light is switched off, this stored energy is released as the system reverts to its equilibrium state. The system operates autonomously under continuous light irradiation and exhibits characteristics of a light-driven information ratchet. This is enabled by the dual-role of the imine linkage as both the photochromic and dynamic covalent bond. This work highlights the ability and application of these imines to drive systems to NESSs, thus offering a novel approach in the field of systems chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wu
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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17
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Goyal P, Dubey AK, Chowdhury R, Wadawale A. Primary amine-catalyzed enantioselective 1,4-Michael addition reaction of pyrazolin-5-ones to α,β-unsaturated ketones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1518-1526. [PMID: 39015621 PMCID: PMC11250233 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective 1,4-addition reaction of pyrazolin-5-ones to α,β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amine-Brønsted acid composite is reported. Both enantiomers of the anticipated pyrazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 97%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 98.5% ee) under mild reaction conditions. In addition, this protocol was further expanded to synthesize highly enantioenriched hybrid molecules bearing biologically relevant heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Goyal
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Akhil K Dubey
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Raghunath Chowdhury
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Amey Wadawale
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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18
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Schlichter L, Jersch J, Demokritov SO, Ravoo BJ. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Water-Dispersible Magnetite Nanoparticles Using Arylazopyrazole-Modified Polymer Ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13669-13675. [PMID: 38875303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In order to design new nanomaterials with improved functionalities, magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) modified with arylazopyrazole (AAP) molecular photoswitches are presented. Water dispersibility is achieved by using poly(acrylic acid) (pAA) as a multidentate ligand, which is modified with AAP by amide coupling. The polymer ligand stabilizes the MNP, allows for E-Z isomerization of the photoswitch, and provides pH responsiveness. Three different AAP are synthesized and attached to pAA via amide coupling giving pAA-AAP with photoswitches substituted statistically along the hydrophilic polymer backbone. MNP are synthesized by coprecipitation and pAA-AAP is introduced as a stabilizing agent in situ. Photoisomerization of pAA-AAP and pAA-AAP@MNP is investigated showing good photostationary states and cyclability. The MNP can be assembled and dispersed reversibly in water either by applying a magnetic field or by a change in pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schlichter
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johann Jersch
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sergej O Demokritov
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Ziegler K, Post Y, Gröschel AH, Ravoo BJ. Unravelling Competitive Interactions between Polymer Side Chains and End Groups with β-Cyclodextrin. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400081. [PMID: 38704746 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates unexpected competitive host-guest interactions of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), which can occur with polymers in aqueous solution, using the examples of the two polymers poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) and poly(glycerol mono methacrylate). Systematic structural modifications of the polymer provide insight into the host-guest interaction with β-CD and the competition between side chains and end groups such as hydrophobic end groups remaining from reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization or intentionally implemented molecular recognition units such as arylazopyrazole photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ziegler
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yorick Post
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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20
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Kauth AM, Niebuhr R, Ravoo BJ. Arylazopyrazoles for Conjugation by CuAAC Click Chemistry. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6371-6376. [PMID: 38619381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches are increasingly being implemented in bioactive compounds and responsive materials. For this purpose, photoswitches must be coupled to a wide variety of substrates and scaffolds. We present a library of "clickable" arylazopyrazoles (AAPs), which can be conjugated by Cu-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). All synthesized AAP alkynes show good photostationary states (at least 88%) and long half-life times of the Z-isomer (18 to 108 h). The AAP azides decompose upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, but after CuAAC, all AAPs exhibit good photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa-Maite Kauth
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rebecca Niebuhr
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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21
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Nogal N, Guisán S, Dellemme D, Surin M, de la Escosura A. Selectivity in the chiral self-assembly of nucleobase-arylazopyrazole photoswitches along DNA templates. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3703-3709. [PMID: 38505984 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The control of supramolecular DNA assembly through external stimuli such as light represents a promising approach to control bioreactions, and modulate hybridization or delivery processes. Here, we report on the design of nucleobase-containing arylazopyrazole photoswitches that undergo chiral organization upon self-assembly along short DNA templates. Chiroptical spectroscopy shows that the specific nucleobases allow selectivity in the resulting supramolecular DNA complexes, and UV light irradiation triggers partial desorption of the arylazopyrazole photoswitches. Molecular modeling studies reveal the differences of binding modes between the two configurations in the templated assembly. Remarkably, our results show that the photoswitching behaviour controls the self-assembly process along DNA, opening the way to potential applications as nano- and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Nogal
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Santiago Guisán
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - David Dellemme
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons - UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, Mons B-7000, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons - UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, Mons B-7000, Belgium.
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departament of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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22
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Reichenauer T, Böckmann M, Ziegler K, Kumar V, Ravoo BJ, Doltsinis NL, Schlücker S. Photoswitching of arylazopyrazoles upon S 1 (nπ*) excitation studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10832-10840. [PMID: 38525498 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) are an important class of molecular photoswitches with high photostationary states (PSS) and long thermal lifetimes. The ultrafast photoisomerization of four water-soluble arylazopyrazoles, all of them featuring an ortho-dimethylated pyrazole ring, is studied by narrowband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Upon S1 (nπ*) photoexcitation of the planar E-isomers (E-AAPs), excited-state bi-exponential decays with time constants τ1 in the 220-440 fs range and τ2 in the 1.4-1.8 ps range are observed, comparable to those reported for azobenzene (AB). This is indicative of the same photoisomerization mechanism as has been reported for ABs. In contrast to the planar E-AAPs, a twisted E-AAP with two methyl groups in ortho-position of the phenyl ring displays faster initial photoswitching with τ1 = 170 ± 10 fs and τ2 = 1.6 ± 0.1 ps. Our static DFT calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of E-AAPs on the S0 and S1 potential energy surfaces suggest that twisted E-isomer azo photoswitches exhibit faster initial photoisomerization dynamics out of the Franck-Condon region due to a weaker π-coordination of the central CNNC unit to the aromatic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Reichenauer
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute of Solid-State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Katharina Ziegler
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Universität Münster, 48148 Münster, Germany.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Universität Münster, 48148 Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute of Solid-State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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23
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Yamamoto T, Taguchi R, Yan Z, Ejima R, Xu L, Nakahata M, Kamon Y, Hashidzume A. Interaction of Cyclodextrins with Amphiphilic Alternating Cooligomers Possessing the Dense Triazole Backbone. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7178-7191. [PMID: 38506447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of cyclodextrins (CDs) with structure-controlled polymers is expected to provide significant insights into macromolecular recognition. However, the interaction of CDs with structure-controlled polymers has been an underexamined issue of investigation. Herein, alternating amphiphilic cooligomers (oligoCnAH, where n denotes the carbon number of alkyl groups; n = 4, 8, and 12) were synthesized by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymerization of heterodimers of 4-azido-5-hexynoic acid (AH) derivatives carrying N-alkylamide and t-butyl (tBu) ester side chains, followed by hydrolysis of the tBu ester, to study the interaction of CDs with oligoCnAH by 1H NMR, nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and pulse-field-gradient spin-echo NMR. These NMR studies indicated that αCD interacted with oligoC4AH, αCD and βCD interacted with oligoC8AH, and all CDs interacted with oligoC12AH. Based on the equilibrium models proposed, the binding constants were evaluated for the binary mixtures, which showed interaction. Comparing the interactions of the CDs/oligoC12AH binary mixtures with those of the binary mixtures of CDs and alternating copolymers of sodium maleate and dodecyl vinyl ether (polyC12M), it is concluded that oligoC12AH forms less stable micelles than does polyC12M presumably because of the lower molecular weight, the hydrophilic amide groups in the side chain, and the longer interval between neighboring C12 groups in oligoC12AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Taguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Zijun Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ryo Ejima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Linlin Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuri Kamon
- Administrative Department, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akihito Hashidzume
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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24
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Glikman D, Wyszynski L, Lindfeld V, Hochstädt S, Hansen MR, Neugebauer J, Schönhoff M, Braunschweig B. Charge Regulation at the Nanoscale as Evidenced from Light-Responsive Nanoemulsions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8362-8371. [PMID: 38483326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Emulsions are indispensable in everyday life, and the demand for emulsions' diversity and control of properties is therefore substantial. As emulsions possess a high internal surface area, an understanding of the oil/water (o/w) interfaces at the molecular level is fundamental but often impaired by experimental limitations to probe emulsion interfaces in situ. Here, we have used light-responsive surfactants (butyl-AAP) that can photoisomerize between E and Z isomers by visible and UV light irradiation to tune the emulsion interfaces. This causes massive changes in the interface tension at the extended o/w interfaces in macroemulsions and a drastic shift in the surfactants' critical micelle concentration, which we show can be used to control both the stability and phase separation. Strikingly different from macroemulsions are nanoemulsions (RH ∼90 nm) as these are not susceptible to E/Z photoisomerization of the surfactants in terms of changes in their droplet size or ζ-potential. However, in situ second-harmonic scattering and pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments show dramatic and reversible changes in the surface excess of surfactants at the nanoscopic interfaces. The apparent differences in ζ-potentials and surface excess provide evidence for a fixed charge to particle size ratio and the need for counterion condensation to renormalize the particle charge to a critical charge, which is markedly different compared to the behavior of very large particles in macroemulsions. Thus, our findings may have broader implications as the electrostatic stabilization of nanoparticles requires much lower surfactant concentrations, allowing for a more sustainable use of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Glikman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leonard Wyszynski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin Lindfeld
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hochstädt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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25
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Wu J, Kreimendahl L, Tao S, Anhalt O, Greenfield JL. Photoswitchable imines: aryliminopyrazoles quantitatively convert to long-lived Z-isomers with visible light. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3872-3878. [PMID: 38487238 PMCID: PMC10935669 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Arylimines offer promise in dynamic-covalent materials due to their recyclability and ease of synthesis. However, their light-triggered E/Z isomerism has received little attention. This is attributed to challenges that include low thermal stability of their metastable state (<60 s at 20 °C), incomplete photoswitching (<50% to the metastable state), and the need for UV light (≤365 nm). We overcome these limitations with a novel class of imine photoswitch, the aryliminopyrazoles (AIPs). These AIPs can be switched using visible light (470 nm), attain photostationary states with over 95% of the Z-isomer, exhibit great resistance to fatigue, and have thermal half-lives up to 19.2 hours at room temperature. Additionally, they display T-type and negative photochromism under visible light irradiation-a useful property. The photochromic properties, quantitative assembly and accessibility of precursors set these photoswitches apart from their azo-based analogues. These findings open avenues for next-generation photoresponsive dynamic-covalent materials driven solely by these new photochromic linkages and further exploration of photocontrolled dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wu
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lasse Kreimendahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Suyuan Tao
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Olga Anhalt
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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26
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Wang K, Tang X, Anjali BA, Dong J, Jiang J, Liu Y, Cui Y. Chiral Covalent Organic Cages: Structural Isomerism and Enantioselective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6638-6651. [PMID: 38415351 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic cages are a prominent class of discrete porous architectures; however, their structural isomerism remains relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the structural isomerism of chiral covalent organic cages that renders distinct enantioselective catalytic properties. Imine condensations of tetra-topic 5,10-di(3,5-diformylphenyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine and ditopic 1,2-cyclohexanediamine produce two chiral [4 + 8] organic cage isomers with totally different topologies and geometries that depend on the orientations of four tetraaldehyde units with respect to each other. One isomer (PN-1) has an unprecedented Johnson-type J26 structure, whereas another (PN-2) adopts a tetragonal prismatic structure. After the reduction of the imine linkages, the cages are transformed into two amine bond-linked isomers PN-1R and PN-2R. After binding to Ni(II) ions, both can serve as efficient catalysts for asymmetric Michael additions, whereas PN-2R affords obviously higher enantioselectivity and reactivity than PN-1R presumably because of its large cavity and open windows that can concentrate reactants for the reactions. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm that the enantioselective catalytic performance varies depending on the isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bai Amutha Anjali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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27
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Muñoz J. Rational Design of Stimuli-Responsive Inorganic 2D Materials via Molecular Engineering: Toward Molecule-Programmable Nanoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305546. [PMID: 37906953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Succeeding graphene, emerging inorganic 2D materials (i2DMs) have been identified as alternative 2D materials to harbor a variety of active molecular components to move the current silicon-based semiconductor technology forward to a post-Moore era focused on molecule-based information processing components. In this regard, i2DMs benefits are not only for their prominent physiochemical properties (e.g., the existence of bandgap), but also for their high surface-to-volume ratio rich in reactive sites. Nonetheless, since this field is still in an early stage, having knowledge of both i) the different strategies for molecularly functionalizing the current library of i2DMs, and ii) the different types of active molecular components is a sine qua non condition for a rational design of stimuli-responsive i2DMs capable of performing logical operations at the molecular level. Consequently, this Review provides a comprehensive tutorial for covalently anchoring ad hoc molecular components-as active units triggered by different external inputs-onto pivotal i2DMs to assess their role in the expanding field of molecule-programmable nanoelectronics for electrically monitoring bistable molecular switches. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of this emerging field which crosses materials chemistry with computation are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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28
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Hao Y, Han R, Li S, Liu L, Fang WH. A Complete Unveiling of the Mechanism and Chirality in Photoisomerization of Arylazopyrazole 3pzH: Combined Electronic Structure Calculations and AIMS Dynamic Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:528-538. [PMID: 38215031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The arylazopyrazole 3pzH as a novel photoswitch exhibits quantitative switching and high thermal stability. In this work, combined electronic structure calculations and ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) dynamic simulations were performed to systemically investigate the cis ↔ trans photoisomerization mechanism and the chiral preference after photoexcitation of 3pzH to the first excited singlet state (S1). Unlike most of the azoheteroarene photoswitches reported previously, many twisted and T-shaped cis isomers were found to be stable for 3pzH in the S0 state, owing to the moderate interaction between the hydrogen atom and π electrons of the aromatic ring. Two twisted cis isomers with different chirality ((M)-Z1 and (P)-Z1), the most stable T-shaped cis isomer ((T)-Z2), and the most stable planar trans isomer (E2) were selected as the initial structures to carry out the AIMS nonadiabatic dynamic simulations. Following excitation to the S1 state, all of the cis isomers decayed to conical intersection (CI) regions via the same bicycle pedal mechanism, while the evolution of the trans isomers to their CI regions was achieved via rotation around the N═N bond. More importantly, chiral preferences were found for the twisted cis isomers in the S1 state through the AIMS dynamic simulations due to the steric effect and static electronic repulsion. Notably, chirality was also observed in S1 isomerization starting from the planar E2 isomer because of the dynamic effect. After the nonadiabatic transition to the S0 state, the bicycle pedal mechanism was found to play a crucial role in cis ↔ trans photoisomerization. The simulated photoisomerization productivities were generally consistent with past experimental observations. Our calculations not only uncover the underlying reason for the excellent photoswitching properties of 3pzH but also enrich the knowledge of photoisomerization for azoheteroarene photoswitches, which will surely benefit their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruinong Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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29
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Bhunia S, Das A, Jana SK, Mandal S, Samanta S. Photoswitchable Antibiotic Hybrids: Spacer Length-Dependent Photochemical Control of Antibacterial Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:92-98. [PMID: 38111208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology holds huge potential for the permanent (long-term) eradication of antibiotic resistance by the application of photoswitchable antibiotics. To construct such antibiotics, various methods have been employed to modify known antibiotics with photoswitches, such that the irradiated state shows activity comparable to or higher than that of the parent antibiotic and that a large activity difference between irradiated and nonirradiated states is achieved. However, most of those methods are ineffective when dealing with more than one drug with dissimilar structures. Here, we have demonstrated a new approach, in which two pharmacophores, one being a photoswitch, are covalently linked via a spacer of variable lengths, leading to a set of azopyrazole-norfloxacin antibiotic hybrids. All compounds showed a high degree of bidirectional photoisomerization, long thermal cis half-lives, and excellent photoresistance. Notably, the hybrid with an optimal four-carbon spacer length enabled the irradiated state to become 12-fold more potent than its nonirradiated state without losing much antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin. Only Gram-positive bacteria were found to be sensitive to this hybrid, and the full antibacterial potency of its irradiated state was found to be retained for nearly 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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30
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Xu Y, Liu X. Fabrication and Enzymatic Disorganization of Multiresponse Worm-Like Micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:896-905. [PMID: 38134447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
How to fabricate multiresponse worm-like micelles (WLMs) and the corresponding green disposal is still challenging. A strategy of fabricating the surfactant-based WLMs that can respond simultaneously to light, heat, and pH was developed by using triple-response sodium (E)-2-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenoxy) acetate (AzoNa) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-hydrolyzable palmitoylcholine bromide (PCB). Under the optimal molar ratio of AzoNa to PCB (∼0.5), the PCB-AzoNa WLMs formed with a maximum zero-shear viscosity (η0) value of about 2.1 × 105 mPa·s and an average diameter (D) of 4.1 ± 0.6 nm under conditions of 37 °C and pH 7.4. After irradiated with 365 nm UV light for 80 min, AzoNa underwent the trans-to-cis transition, by which the PCB-AzoNa WLMs was destroyed; however, the PCB-AzoNa WLMs could be reformed upon the irradiation of 455 nm blue light for 18 h or heating at 70 °C for 45 min due to the cis-to-trans isomerization of AzoNa. When pH changed from 7.4 to 2.0, the PCB-AzoNa WLMs was destroyed rapidly because of the conversion of AzoNa to the acid form of AzoH, whereas the PCB-AzoNa WLMs could be reformed after pH was restored to 7.4. The multiple responsiveness of the PCB-AzoNa WLMs was reversible due to the reversible trans-cis isomerization or protonation of AzoNa. Besides, the average D values of light, heat, and pH-regenerated PCB-AzoNa WLMs were 4.2 ± 0.7, 4.0 ± 0.7, and 4.0 ± 0.6 nm, respectively. Finally, the PCB-AzoNa WLMs could be enzymatically disorganized under conditions of 37 °C and pH 7.4 due to the BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of PCB. We hope that the fabrication and enzymatic disorganization strategies for PCB-based multiresponse WLMs presented here will find potential applications in the formulation of antimicrobial household and personal care products containing PCB and in the green disposal of viscous waste containing PCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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31
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Trân HQ, Kawano S, Thielemann RE, Tanaka K, Ravoo BJ. Calamitic Liquid Crystals for Reversible Light-Modulated Phase Regulation Based on Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302958. [PMID: 37944022 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of responsive liquid crystals enables a diversity of technological applications. Especially photochromic liquid crystals gained a lot of interest in recent years due to the excellent spatiotemporal control of their phase transitions. In this work we present calamitic light responsive mesogens based on a library of arylazopyrazole photoswitches. These compounds show liquid-crystalline behavior as shown by differential scanning calorimetry, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy. UV-vis spectroscopy and NMR analysis confirmed the excellent photophysical properties in solution and thin film. Additionally, polarized optical microscopy studies of the pristine compounds show reversible phase transition upon irradiation with light. Moreover, as a dopant in the commercially available liquid crystal 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), the temperature range was reduced to ambient temperatures while preserving the photophysical properties. Remarkably, this co-assembled system shows reversible liquid-crystalline to isotropic phase transition upon irradiation with light of different wavelengths. The spatiotemporal control of the phase transition of the liquid crystals offers opportunities in the development of optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoàn Quân Trân
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shinichiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Rebecca E Thielemann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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32
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Wu Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Dai L, Dong W, He H, Li H, Nie Z, Sang Y. Photo-Induced Self-assembly of Copolymer-Capped Nanoparticles into Colloidal Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313406. [PMID: 37801444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal molecules (CMs) are precisely defined assemblies of nanoparticles (NPs) that mimic the structure of real molecules, but externally programming the precise self-assembly of CMs is still challenging. In this work, we show that the photo-induced self-assembly of complementary copolymer-capped binary NPs can be precisely controlled to form clustered ABx or linear (AB)y CMs at high yield (x is the coordination number of NP-Bs, and y is the repeating unit number of AB clusters). Under UV light irradiation, photolabile p-methoxyphenacyl groups of copolymers on NP-A*s are converted to carboxyl groups (NP-A), which react with tertiary amines of copolymers on NP-B to trigger the directional NP bonding. The x value of ABx can be precisely controlled between 1 and 3 by varying the irradiation duration and hence the amount of carboxyl groups generated on NP-As. Moreover, when NP-A* and NP-B are irradiated after mixing, the assembly process generates AB clusters or linear (AB)y structures with alternating sequence of the binary NPs. This assembly approach offers a simple yet non-invasive way to externally regulate the formation of various CMs on demand without the need of redesigning the surface chemistry of NPs for use in drug delivery, diagnostics, optoelectronics, and plasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huibin He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecule Science, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
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33
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Sahoo J, Sahoo S, Subramaniam Y, Bhatt P, Rana S, De M. Photo-Controlled Gating of Selective Bacterial Membrane Interaction and Enhanced Antibacterial Activity for Wound Healing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314804. [PMID: 37955346 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Reversible biointerfaces are essential for on-demand molecular recognition to regulate stimuli-responsive bioactivity such as specific interactions with cell membranes. The reversibility on a single platform allows the smart material to kill pathogens or attach/detach cells. Herein, we introduce a 2D-MoS2 functionalized with cationic azobenzene that interacts selectively with either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria in a light-gated fashion. The trans conformation (trans-Azo-MoS2 ) selectively kills Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the cis form (cis-Azo-MoS2 ), under UV light, exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains. The mechanistic investigation indicates that the cis-Azo-MoS2 exhibits higher affinity towards the membrane of Gram-positive bacteria compared to trans-Azo-MoS2 . In case of Gram-negative bacteria, trans-Azo-MoS2 internalizes more efficiently than cis-Azo-MoS2 and generates intracellular ROS to kill the bacteria. While the trans-Azo-MoS2 exhibits strong electrostatic interactions and internalizes faster into Gram-negative bacterial cells, cis-Azo-MoS2 primarily interacts with Gram-positive bacteria through hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions. The difference in molecular mechanism leads to photo-controlled Gram-selectivity and enhanced antibacterial activity. We found strain-specific and high bactericidal activity (minimal bactericidal concentration, 0.65 μg/ml) with low cytotoxicity, which we extended to wound healing applications. This methodology provides a single platform for efficiently switching between conformers to reversibly control the strain-selective bactericidal activity regulated by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagabandhu Sahoo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Soumyashree Sahoo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | | | - Preeti Bhatt
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Subinoy Rana
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Mrinmoy De
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
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34
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He Y, Zheng Y, Liu C, Zhang H, Shen J. Citric acid cross-linked β-cyclodextrins: A review of preparation and environmental/biomedical application. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121438. [PMID: 37940303 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) are biocompatible macrocyclic candidates for the preparation of various composites with enhanced functions. While nontoxic and biodegradable citric acid (CA) is the favorite crosslinking agent for fabricating hierarchical advanced structures. The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on CA can serve as "structural bridges" and enhance the solubility of β-CD. Leading to the construction of CA cross-linked β-CD with marvelous complicated structures and targeted functions. Here, we directly categorized the grafted composite materials into two main types such as organic and inorganic materials. Particularly, some representative composite materials are listed and analyzed in detail according to their preparation, advantages of unique characteristics, as well as the possible applications in environmental and biomedical fields such as adsorption of pollutants, sensors, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore, Singapore.
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35
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Yu Y, Qu X, Li J, Huang F, Yang J. Arylazopyrazole as a photo-switch for controllable self-assembly of pillar[6]arene-based supramolecular amphiphiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14265-14268. [PMID: 37961865 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A photo-responsive host-guest molecular recognition between a cationic pillar[6]arene host and an arylazopyrazole derived guest was established. Based on this novel recognition motif, a photo-controllable supra-amphiphile was constructed. The spontaneous aggregation can be reversibly controlled by irradiation with UV (365 nm) and green light (520 nm), leading to a switch between spherical nanoparticles and vesicle-like aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaotian Qu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Junran Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
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Gibalova A, Kortekaas L, Simke J, Ravoo BJ. Multi-responsive Electropolymer Surface Coatings Based on Azo Molecular Switches and Carbazoles: Light, pH, and Electrochemical Control of Z→E Isomerization in Thin Films. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302215. [PMID: 37565655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-responsive surfaces are attracting increasing interest, not least because their physicochemical properties can be selectively and temporally controlled by a non-invasive stimulus. Most existing immobilization strategies involve the chemical attachment of light-responsive moieties to the surface, although this approach often suffers from a low surface concentration of active species or a high inhomogeneity of applied coatings. Herein, electropolymerization of carbazoles as a facile and rapid approach for preparing light-responsive azo-based surface coatings is presented. The electrochemical oxidative polymerization of bis-carbazole containing azo-monomers yields stable films, in which the photochemical properties and specific pH sensitivity of azo molecular switches are retained. Moreover, the molecular design enables electrocatalytic control over Z→E azo double bond isomerization facilitated by the conductive polycarbazole backbone. Ultimately, the high degree of control over macromolecular properties yields conductive surface coatings responsive to a range of stimuli, showing great promise as a strategy for versatile application in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gibalova
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Luuk Kortekaas
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Simke
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Goren E, Iron MA, Diskin-Posner Y, Falkovich A, Avram L, Bar-Shir A. NMR exchange dynamics studies of metal-capped cyclodextrins reveal multiple populations of host-guest complexes in solution. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11351-11358. [PMID: 37886095 PMCID: PMC10599603 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-capped molecular hosts are unique in supramolecular chemistry, benefitting from the inner cavity's hydrophobic nature and the metal center's electrochemical properties. It is shown here that the paramagnetic properties of the metals in lanthanide-capped cyclodextrins (Ln-α-CDs and Ln-β-CDs) are a convenient NMR indicator for different populations of host-guest complexes in a given solution. The paramagnetic guest exchange saturation transfer (paraGEST) method was used to study the exchange dynamics in systems composed of Ln-α-CDs or Ln-β-CDs with fluorinated guests, revealing multiple co-existing populations of host-guest complexes exclusively in solutions containing Ln-β-CDs. The enhanced spectral resolution of paraGEST, achieved by a strong pseudo contact shift induction, revealed that different molecular guests can adopt multiple orientations within Ln-β-CDs' cavities and, in contrast, only a single orientation inside Ln-α-CDs. Thus, paraGEST, which can significantly improve NMR detectability and spectral resolution of host-guest systems that experience fast exchange dynamics, is a convenient tool for studying supramolecular systems of metal-capped molecular hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Goren
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Mark A Iron
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Alla Falkovich
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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Mukherjee A, Seyfried MD, Ravoo BJ. Azoheteroarene and Diazocine Molecular Photoswitches: Self-Assembly, Responsive Materials and Photopharmacology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304437. [PMID: 37212536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic units tethered with an azo (-N=N-) functionality comprise a unique class of compounds, known as molecular photoswitches, exhibiting a reversible transformation between their E- and Z-isomers in response to photo-irradiation. Photoswitches have been explored extensively in the recent past to prepare dynamic self-assembled materials, optoelectronic devices, responsive biomaterials, and more. Most of such materials involve azobenzenes as the molecular photoswitch and to date, SciFinder lists more than 7000 articles and 1000 patents. Subsequently, a great deal of effort has been invested to improve the photo-isomerization efficiency and related mesoscopic properties of azobenzenes. Recently, azoheteroarenes and cyclic azobenzenes, such as arylazopyrazoles, arylazoisoxazoles, arylazopyridines, and diazocines, have emerged as second generation molecular photoswitches beyond conventional azobenzenes. These photoswitches offer distinct photoswitching behavior and responsive properties which make them highly promising candidates for multifaceted applications ranging from photoresponsive materials to photopharmacophores. In this minireview, we introduce the structural refinement and photoresponsive properties of azoheteroarenes and diazocines and summarize the state-of-the-art on utilizing these photoswitches as responsive building blocks in supramolecular assembly, material science and photopharmacology, highlighting their versatile photochemical behavior, enhanced functionality, and latest applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mukherjee
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian D Seyfried
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Fu XK, Han SQ, Ha W, Shi YP. Click Chemoselective Probe with a Photoswitchable Handle for Highly Sensitive Determination of Steroid Hormones in Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14814-14824. [PMID: 37782472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Residues of endocrine disrupting steroid hormones in food might cause various diseases like cardiovascular diseases and breast and prostate cancers. Monitoring steroid hormone levels plays a vital role in ensuring food safety and exploring the pathogenic mechanism of steroid hormone-related diseases. Based on the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction, a novel chemoselective probe, Azo-N3, which contains a reactive site N3, an imidazolium salt-based MS tag, and an azobenzene-based photoswitchable handle, was designed and synthesized to label ethynyl-bearing steroid hormones. The probe Azo-N3 was applied for the highly selective and sensitive detection of four ethynyl-bearing steroid hormones in food samples (milk, egg, and pork) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The ionization efficiency of the labeled analytes could be increased by 6-105-fold, and such a labeled method exhibited satisfactory detection limits (0.04-0.2 μg/L), recovery (80.6-122.4%), and precision (RSDs% lower than 6.9%). Interestingly, the efficient immobilization of the probe Azo-N3 onto α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)-modified magnetic particles to construct a solid supported chemoselective probe Fe3O4-CD-Azo-N3 and UV light-controlled release of the labeled analytes from a magnetic support can be achieved by taking advantage of the photoswitched host-guest inclusion between the azobenzene unit and α-CD. The potential applications of Fe3O4-CD-Azo-N3 for labeling, capturing, and the photocontrolled release of the labeled steroid hormones were fully investigated by mass spectrometry imaging analysis. This work not only provides a sensitive and accurate method to detect steroid hormones in food but also opens a new avenue in designing solid supported chemoselective probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Si-Qi Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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40
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Dolai A, Box SM, Bhunia S, Bera S, Das A, Samanta S. Photoisomerization of 2-Arylazoimidazoles under Visible Light: Identifying a Predictive Tool to Anticipate and Tune Likely Photoswitching Performance and Cis Half-Life. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37368413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Azopyrazoles are an emerging class of photoswitches, whereas analogous azoimidazole-based switches are unable to draw much attention because of their short cis half-lives, poor cis-trans photoreversion yields, and toxic ultraviolet (UV) light-assisted isomerization. A series of 24 various aryl-substituted N-methyl-2-arylazoimidazoles were synthesized, and their photoswitching performances and cis-trans isomerization kinetics were thoroughly investigated experimentally and theoretically. Para-π-donor-substituted azoimidazoles with highly twisted T-shaped cis conformations showed nearly complete bidirectional photoswitching, whereas di-o-substituted switches exhibited very long cis half-lives (days-years) with nearly ideal T-shaped conformations. This study demonstrates how the electron density in the aryl ring affects cis half-life and cis-trans photoreversion via twisting of the NNAr dihedral angle that can be used as a predictive metric for envisaging and tuning the likely switching performance and half-life of any given 2-arylazoimidazole. By applying this tool, two better-performing azoimidazole photoswitches were engineered. All switches permitted irradiation by violet (400-405 nm) and orange (>585 nm) light for forward and reverse isomerization, respectively, and displayed comparatively high quantum yields and impressive resistance to photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Majid Box
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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Zhang YH, Liu CS, Tian Y, Wang J, Xin S, Sheng X. An eco-friendly photo-responsive hyaluronic acid-based supramolecular polysaccharide hybrid hydrogels for plant growth regulation and heavy metal ions adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125194. [PMID: 37270137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals are widely used in agricultural production, but they may cause agrochemicals residues and environmental pollution. Polysaccharide-based materials have emerged as a promising biopolymer carrier for agrochemicals delivery. Herein, an eco-friendly, photo-responsive supramolecular polysaccharide hybrid hydrogels (HA-AAP-Guano-CD@LP) was constructed from arylazopyrazole-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-AAP), guanidinium functionalized β-cyclodextrin (Guano-CD), and laponite clay (LP) via synergistic host-guest and electrostatic interactions, which could realize the controlled release of plant growth regulators such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and gibberellin (GA) and promote the growth of Chinese cabbage and alfalfa. More interestingly, after releasing the cargo, the hydrogels could be used to capture heavy metal ions via strong complexation between the ions and carboxyl groups. This polysaccharide-based supramolecular hybrid hydrogels may provide a new strategy to realize the precision agriculture by the controlled delivery of plant growth regulators and synergetic adsorption of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Zhang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China.
| | - Chen-Shuang Liu
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Siqintana Xin
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Xianliang Sheng
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China.
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42
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Zadeh SS, Ebrahimi A, Shahraki A. The impact of π-π stacking interactions on photo-physical properties of hydroxyanthraquinones. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 292:122453. [PMID: 36753863 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The impact of π-π stacking interactions on photo-physical properties of hydroxyanthraquinone (HA) has been investigated using the density functional (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations in the gas phase and solution media. The vertical transition is characterized with strong HOMO-LUMO transition in the complexes. The intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) made in the HA and π-π complexes is strengthened after S0 → S1 excitation, such that the proton transfers is facilitated in the first excited state. The complexes exhibit an exothermic excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in the solution media, which is a barrierless process for some complexes. The π-π stacking interaction affects the absorption and emission bands of HA, and provides a large Stokes shift. This indicates the desirable fluorescence properties of π-π complexes, which are cross-validated by geometries, potential energy curve scannings, electronic and vibrational spectra, and frontier molecular orbital analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sedighi Zadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. XZBox 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. XZBox 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Asiyeh Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. XZBox 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
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43
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Gaur AK, Gupta D, Mahadevan A, Kumar P, Kumar H, Nampoothiry DN, Kaur N, Thakur SK, Singh S, Slanina T, Venkataramani S. Bistable Aryl Azopyrazolium Ionic Photoswitches in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10584-10594. [PMID: 37133353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a new class of arylazopyrazolium-based ionic photoswitches (AAPIPs). These AAPIPs with different counter ions have been accessed through a modular synthetic approach in high yields. More importantly, the AAPIPs exhibit excellent reversible photoswitching and exceptional thermal stability in water. The effects of solvents, counter ions, substitutions, concentration, pH, and glutathione (GSH) have been evaluated using spectroscopic investigations. The results revealed that the bistability of studied AAPIPs is robust and near quantitative. The thermal half-life of Z isomers is extremely high in water (up to years), and it can be lowered electronically by the electron-withdrawing groups or highly basic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Gaur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Debapriya Gupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Anjali Mahadevan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Pravesh Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Dhanyaj Narayanan Nampoothiry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Thakur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542, Prague 6, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Punjab 140 306, India
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44
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Schlichter L, Bosse F, Tyler BJ, Arlinghaus HF, Ravoo BJ. Patterning of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Gold and Magnetite Nanoparticles by Dip Pen Nanolithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208069. [PMID: 36828795 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles offer unique physical and chemical properties. Dip pen nanolithography of nanoparticles enables versatile patterning and nanofabrication with potential application in electronics and sensing, but is not well studied yet. Herein, the patterned deposition of various nanoparticles onto unmodified silicon substrates is presented. It is shown that aqueous solutions of hydrophilic citrate and cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles as well as poly(acrylic) acid decorated magnetite nanoparticles are feasible for writing nanostructures. Both smaller and larger nanoparticles can be patterned. Hydrophobic oleylamine or n-dodecylamine capped gold nanoparticles and oleic acid decorated magnetite nanoparticles are deposited from toluene. Tip loading is carried out by dip-coating, and writing succeeds fast within 0.1 s. Also, coating with longer tip dwell times, at different relative humidity and varying frequency are studied for deposition of nanoparticle clusters. The resulting feature size is between 300 and 1780 nm as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy confirms that the heights of the deposited structures correspond to a single or double layer of nanoparticles. Higher writing speeds lead to smaller line thicknesses, offering possibilities to more complex structures. Dip pen nanolithography can hence be used to pattern nanoparticles on silicon substrates independent of the surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schlichter
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Bosse
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie J Tyler
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Physics Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Physics Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
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45
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Liu M, Yang M, Wan X, Tang Z, Jiang L, Wang S. From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Materials by Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticle Aggregation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208995. [PMID: 36409139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP) aggregation plays an increasingly important role in regulating NP assembly into microscopic superstructures, macroscopic 2D, and 3D functional materials. Diverse external stimuli are widely used to adjust the aggregation of responsive NPs, such as light, temperature, pH, electric, and magnetic fields. Many unique structures based on responsive NPs are constructed including disordered aggregates, ordered superlattices, structural droplets, colloidosomes, and bulk solids. In this review, the strategies for NP aggregation by external stimuli, and their recent progress ranging from nanoscale aggregates, microscale superstructures to macroscale bulk materials along the length scales as well as their applications are summarized. The future opportunities and challenges for designing functional materials through NP aggregation at different length scales are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Hardt M, Busse F, Raschke S, Honnigfort C, Carrascosa-Tejedor J, Wenk P, Gutfreund P, Campbell RA, Heuer A, Braunschweig B. Photo-Responsive Control of Adsorption and Structure Formation at the Air-Water Interface with Arylazopyrazoles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5861-5871. [PMID: 37058525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart interfaces that are responsive to external triggers such as light are of great interest for the development of responsive or adaptive materials and interfaces. Using alkyl-arylazopyrazole butyl sulfonate surfactants (alkyl-AAP) that can undergo E/Z photoisomerization when irradiated with green (E) and UV (Z) lights, we demonstrate through a combination of experiments and computer simulations that there can be surprisingly large changes in surface tension and in the molecular structure and order at air-water interfaces. Surface tensiometry, vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, and neutron reflectometry (NR) are applied to the study of custom-synthesized AAP surfactants with octyl- and H-terminal groups at air-water interfaces as a function of their bulk concentration and E/Z configuration. Upon photoswitching, a drastic influence of the alkyl chain on both the surface activity and the responsiveness of interfacial surfactants is revealed from changes in the surface tension, γ, where the largest changes in γ are observed for octyl-AAP (Δγ ∼ 23 mN/m) in contrast to H-AAP with Δγ < 10 mN/m. Results from vibrational SFG spectroscopy and NR show that the interfacial composition and the molecular order of the surfactants drastically change with E/Z photoisomerization and surface coverage. Indeed, from analysis of the S-O (head group) and C-H vibrational bands (hydrophobic tail), a qualitative analysis of orientational and structural changes of interfacial AAP surfactants is provided. The experiments are complemented by resolution of thermodynamic parameters such as equilibrium constants from ultra-coarse-grained simulations, which also capture details like island formation and interaction parameters of interfacial molecules. Here, the interparticle interaction ("stickiness") and the interaction with the surface are adjusted, closely reflecting experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hardt
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Busse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Raschke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Honnigfort
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Javier Carrascosa-Tejedor
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, U.K
| | - Paul Wenk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Gutfreund
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Richard A Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, U.K
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Arndt NB, Adolphs T, Arlinghaus HF, Heidrich B, Ravoo BJ. Arylazopyrazole-Modified Thiolactone Acrylate Copolymer Brushes for Tuneable and Photoresponsive Wettability of Glass Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5342-5351. [PMID: 37011284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitches have long been employed in coatings for surfaces and substrates to harness light as a versatile stimulus to induce responsive behavior. We previously demonstrated the viability of arylazopyrazole (AAP) as a photoswitch in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon and glass surfaces for photoresponsive wetting applications. We now aim to transfer the excellent photophysical properties of AAPs to polymer brush coatings. Compared to SAMs, polymer brushes offer enhanced stability and an increase of the thickness and density of the functional organic layer. In this work, we present thiolactone acrylate copolymer brushes which can be post-modified with AAP amines as well as hydrophobic acrylates, making use of the unique chemistry of the thiolactones. This strategy enables photoresponsive wetting with a tuneable range of contact angle change on glass substrates. We show the successful synthesis of thiolactone hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer brushes by means of surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization with the option to either prepare homogeneous brushes or to prepare micrometer-sized brush patterns by microcontact printing. The polymer brushes were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoresponsive behavior imparted to the brushes by means of post-modification with AAP is monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy, and wetting behavior of homogeneous brushes is measured by static and dynamic contact angle measurements. The brushes show an average change in static contact angle of around 13° between E and Z isomer of the AAP photoswitch for at least five cycles, while the range of contact angle change can be fine-tuned between 53.5°/66.5° (E/Z) and 81.5°/94.8° (E/Z) by post-modification with hydrophobic acrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas B Arndt
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Adolphs
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Physics Institute, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Physics Institute, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Heidrich
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 29, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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48
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Zheng L, Song Q, Tan P, Wang ST, Liu XQ, Sun LB. Endowing Covalent Organic Frameworks with Photoresponsive Active Sites for Controllable Propylene Adsorption. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207291. [PMID: 36604978 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive covalent organic frameworks (PCOFs) have emerged as attractive candidates for adsorption, but it is challenging to construct PCOF adsorbents due to structural order loss of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) after introducing photoresponsive motifs and/or tedious steps of postmodification. Here, a facile strategy is developed, by dispersing photoresponsive metal-organic polyhedra (PMOP) into COFs, to endow COFs with photoresponsive adsorption sites. As a proof-of-concept study, a COF with pore size of 4.5 nm and PMOP with suitable molecular size (4.0 and 3.1 nm for trans and cis configuration, respectively) are selected to meet the requirements of proper accommodation space, good guest dispersion, and free isomerization. The structure of COF is well preserved after introducing PMOPs. Interestingly, the obtained photoresponsive host-guest composite (PHGC) adsorbents exhibit photomodulated adsorption capacity on propylene (C3 H6 ) and the change in adsorption capacity can reach up to 43.3% and is stable during multiple cycles. Density functional theory calculations reveal that visible-light irradiation drives the azobenzene motifs in PHGCs to the trans configuration and the adsorption sites are fully open and interact with C3 H6 . UV-light irradiation makes the azobenzene motifs transform to the cis configuration, leading to the shield of the adsorption sites and the consequent release of C3 H6 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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Qiu Q, Sun Z, Joubran D, Li X, Wan J, Schmidt-Rohr K, Han GGD. Optically Controlled Recovery and Recycling of Homogeneous Organocatalysts Enabled by Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300723. [PMID: 36688731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We address a critical challenge of recovering and recycling homogeneous organocatalysts by designing photoswitchable catalyst structures that display a reversible solubility change in response to light. Initially insoluble catalysts are UV-switched to a soluble isomeric state, which catalyzes the reaction, then back-isomerizes to the insoluble state upon completion of the reaction to be filtered and recycled. The molecular design principles that allow for the drastic solubility change over 10 times between the isomeric states, 87 % recovery by the light-induced precipitation, and multiple rounds of catalyst recycling are revealed. This proof of concept will open up opportunities to develop highly recyclable homogeneous catalysts that are important for the synthesis of critical compounds in various industries, which is anticipated to significantly reduce environmental impact and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Danielle Joubran
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Joshua Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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50
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Chen-Wu J, Máximo P, Remón P, Parola AJ, Basílio N, Pischel U. Phototransduction in a supramolecular cascade: a mimic for essential features of the vision process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3431-3434. [PMID: 36857686 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The tailored design of a light-triggered supramolecular cascade results in an artificial machinery that assimilates the transduction of photons into chemical communication and the final release of a neurotransmitter. This is reminiscent of key steps in the natural vision process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Chen-Wu
- CIQSO - Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain.
| | - Patrícia Máximo
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patricia Remón
- CIQSO - Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain.
| | - A Jorge Parola
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno Basílio
- Laboratorio Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnología, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO - Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain.
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