1
|
Gao X, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wu Y, Ji Q, Ju MG, Wang J. Coupled Dynamic Characteristics of Mobile Ions in Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5779-5787. [PMID: 38780128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mixed perovskites show immense promise for diverse applications owing to their exceptional compositional flexibility and outstanding optoelectronic performance. Nevertheless, a significant hurdle in their widespread use is their susceptibility to compositional instability. Some mixed perovskites exhibit a tendency to segregate into regions with varying halide content, negatively impacting the material's electronic properties and impeding its overall advancement. This study focuses on investigating the lattice and A-site cation dynamics in mixed-halide perovskites as well as the relationship between the stability and dynamic properties of mixed-halide perovskites. Our findings reveal an intrinsic link between the kinetics of organic molecules and halogen ion migration. The stability of halide ions is linearly positively correlated with the radius, number of H atoms, and moment of inertia of the organic molecules. Organic molecules with lower rotational kinetics effectively suppress the overall cationic kinetic activity, enhancing lattice dynamic stability in mixed perovskite systems. This inhibition further impedes the migration of halogen ions and hinders the halide segregation process. The presence of dominant I/MA vacancies in perovskites accelerates the rotation of MA and the migration of halogen ions. The coupled dynamic behavior of varying vacancy concentrations in A-site cations/X-site anions within the inorganic framework significantly impacts the photovoltaic performance of these halide perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Tingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ming-Gang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simenas M, Gagor A, Banys J, Maczka M. Phase Transitions and Dynamics in Mixed Three- and Low-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2281-2326. [PMID: 38421808 PMCID: PMC10941198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are extensively investigated as efficient solution-processable materials for photovoltaic applications. The greatest stability and performance of these compounds are achieved by mixing different ions at all three sites of the APbX3 structure. Despite the extensive use of mixed lead halide perovskites in photovoltaic devices, a detailed and systematic understanding of the mixing-induced effects on the structural and dynamic aspects of these materials is still lacking. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on mixing effects on the structural phase transitions, crystal symmetry, cation and lattice dynamics, and phase diagrams of three- and low-dimensional lead halide perovskites. This review analyzes different mixing recipes and ingredients providing a comprehensive picture of mixing effects and their relation to the attractive properties of these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Simenas
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anna Gagor
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Juras Banys
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Miroslaw Maczka
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gallop NP, Maslennikov DR, Mondal N, Goetz KP, Dai Z, Schankler AM, Sung W, Nihonyanagi S, Tahara T, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Vaynzof Y, Rappe AM, Bakulin AA. Ultrafast vibrational control of organohalide perovskite optoelectronic devices using vibrationally promoted electronic resonance. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:88-94. [PMID: 37985838 PMCID: PMC10769873 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational control (VC) of photochemistry through the optical stimulation of structural dynamics is a nascent concept only recently demonstrated for model molecules in solution. Extending VC to state-of-the-art materials may lead to new applications and improved performance for optoelectronic devices. Metal halide perovskites are promising targets for VC due to their mechanical softness and the rich array of vibrational motions of both their inorganic and organic sublattices. Here, we demonstrate the ultrafast VC of FAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells via intramolecular vibrations of the formamidinium cation using spectroscopic techniques based on vibrationally promoted electronic resonance. The observed short (~300 fs) time window of VC highlights the fast dynamics of coupling between the cation and inorganic sublattice. First-principles modelling reveals that this coupling is mediated by hydrogen bonds that modulate both lead halide lattice and electronic states. Cation dynamics modulating this coupling may suppress non-radiative recombination in perovskites, leading to photovoltaics with reduced voltage losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dmitry R Maslennikov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katelyn P Goetz
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Schankler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Woongmo Sung
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garrote-Márquez A, Lodeiro L, Suresh R, Cruz Hernández N, Grau-Crespo R, Menéndez-Proupin E. Hydrogen Bonds in Lead Halide Perovskites: Insights from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:15901-15910. [PMID: 37609385 PMCID: PMC10440809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds (HBs) play an important role in the rotational dynamics of organic cations in hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites, thus affecting the structural and electronic properties of the perovskites. However, the properties and even the existence of HBs in these perovskites are not well established. In this study, we investigate HBs in perovskites MAPbBr3 (MA+ = CH3NH3+), FAPbI3 (FA+ = CH(NH2)2+), and their solid solution with composition (FAPbI3)7/8(MAPbBr3)1/8, using ab initio molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations. We consider HBs donated by X-H fragments (X = N and C) of the organic cations and accepted by the halides (Y = Br and I) and characterize their properties based on pair distribution functions and on a combined distribution function of the hydrogen-acceptor distance with the donor-hydrogen-acceptor angle. By analyzing these functions, we establish geometrical criteria for HB existence based on the hydrogen-acceptor (H-Y) distance and donor-hydrogen-acceptor angle (X-H-Y). The distance condition is defined as d(H - Y) < 3 Å for N-H-donated HBs and d(H - Y) < 4 Å for C-H-donated HBs. The angular condition is 135° < (X - H - Y) < 180° for both types of HBs. A HB is considered to be formed when both angular and distance conditions are simultaneously satisfied. At the simulated temperature (350 K), the HBs dynamically break and form. We compute the time correlation functions of HB existence and HB lifetimes, which range between 0.1 and 0.3 ps at that temperature. The analysis of HB lifetimes indicates that N-H-Br bonds are relatively stronger than N-H-I bonds, while C-H-Y bonds are weaker, with a minimal influence from the halide and cation. To evaluate the impact of HBs on the vibrational spectra, we present the power spectrum in the region of N-H and C-H stretching modes, comparing them with the normal mode frequencies of isolated cations. We show that the peaks associated with N-H stretching modes in perovskites are redshifted and asymmetrically deformed, while the C-H peaks do not exhibit these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garrote-Márquez
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
| | - Lucas Lodeiro
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Ñuñoa 7800003, Chile
| | - Rahul Suresh
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
- International
Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry - IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Norge Cruz Hernández
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department
of Chemistry, Whiteknights, University of
Reading, Reading RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Eduardo Menéndez-Proupin
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41011, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu K, Pérez-Fidalgo L, Charles BL, Weller MT, Alonso MI, Goñi AR. Using pressure to unravel the structure-dynamic-disorder relationship in metal halide perovskites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9300. [PMID: 37291135 PMCID: PMC10250390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The exceptional optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are presumed to arise, at least in part, from the peculiar interplay between the inorganic metal-halide sublattice and the atomic or molecular cations enclosed in the cage voids. The latter can exhibit a roto-translative dynamics, which is shown here to be at the origin of the structural behavior of MHPs as a function of temperature, pressure and composition. The application of high hydrostatic pressure allows for unraveling the nature of the interaction between both sublattices, characterized by the simultaneous action of hydrogen bonding and steric hindrance. In particular, we find that under the conditions of unleashed cation dynamics, the key factor that determines the structural stability of MHPs is the repulsive steric interaction rather than hydrogen bonding. Taking as example the results from pressure and temperature-dependent photoluminescence and Raman experiments on MAPbBr[Formula: see text] but also considering the pertinent MHP literature, we provide a general picture about the relationship between the crystal structure and the presence or absence of cationic dynamic disorder. The reason for the structural sequences observed in MHPs with increasing temperature, pressure, A-site cation size or decreasing halide ionic radius is found principally in the strengthening of the dynamic steric interaction with the increase of the dynamic disorder. In this way, we have deepened our fundamental understanding of MHPs; knowledge that could be coined to improve performance in future optoelectronic devices based on this promising class of semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luis Pérez-Fidalgo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bethan L Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Queens Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Mark T Weller
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - M Isabel Alonso
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alejandro R Goñi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fykouras K, Lahnsteiner J, Leupold N, Tinnemans P, Moos R, Panzer F, de Wijs GA, Bokdam M, Grüninger H, Kentgens APM. Disorder to order: how halide mixing in MAPbI 3-xBr x perovskites restricts MA dynamics. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:4587-4597. [PMID: 37383090 PMCID: PMC10294545 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta09069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-halide lead perovskites are of particular interest for the design of tandem solar cells currently reaching record efficiencies. While halide phase segregation upon illumination of mixed perovskites is extensively studied, the effect of halide disorder on A cation dynamics is not well understood, despite its importance for charge carrier diffusion and lifetime. Here, we study the methylammonium (MA) reorientational dynamics in mixed halide MAPbI3-xBrx perovskites by a combined approach of experimental solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on machine-learning force-fields (MLFF). 207Pb NMR spectra indicate the halides are randomly distributed over their lattice positions, whereas PXRD measurements show that all mixed MAPbI3-xBrx samples are cubic. The experimental 14N spectra and 1H double-quantum (DQ) NMR data reveal anisotropic MA reorientations depending on the halide composition and thus associated disorder in the inorganic sublattice. MD calculations allow us to correlate these experimental results to restrictions of MA dynamics due to preferred MA orientations in their local Pb8I12-nBrn "cages". Based on the experimental and simulated results, we develop a phenomenological model that correlates the 1H dipolar coupling and thus the MA dynamics with the local composition and reproduces the experimental data over the whole composition range. We show that the dominant interaction between the MA cations and the Pb-X lattice that influences the cation dynamics is the local electrostatic potential being inhomogeneous in mixed halide systems. As such, we generate a fundamental understanding of the predominant interaction between the MA cations and the inorganic sublattice, as well as MA dynamics in asymmetric halide coordinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Fykouras
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Lahnsteiner
- Department of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Nico Leupold
- Department of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Ralf Moos
- Department of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Fabian Panzer
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Gilles A de Wijs
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Menno Bokdam
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Netherlands
| | - Helen Grüninger
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Netherlands
- Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Arno P M Kentgens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Real-time observation of the buildup of polaron in α-FAPbI 3. Nat Commun 2023; 14:917. [PMID: 36801865 PMCID: PMC9938110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of polaron, i.e., the strong coupling process between the carrier and lattice, is considered to play a crucial role in benefiting the photoelectric performance of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. However, direct observation of the dynamical formation of polarons occurring at time scales within hundreds of femtoseconds remains a technical challenge. Here, by terahertz emission spectroscopy, we demonstrate the real-time observation of polaron formation process in FAPbI3 films. Two different polaron resonances interpreted with the anharmonic coupling emission model have been studied: P1 at ~1 THz relates to the inorganic sublattice vibration mode and the P2 at ~0.4 THz peak relates to the FA+ cation rotation mode. Moreover, P2 could be further strengthened than P1 by pumping the hot carriers to the higher sub-conduction band. Our observations could open a door for THz emission spectroscopy to be a powerful tool in studying polaron formation dynamics in perovskites.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mishra A, Hope MA, Grätzel M, Emsley L. A Complete Picture of Cation Dynamics in Hybrid Perovskite Materials from Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:978-990. [PMID: 36580303 PMCID: PMC9853870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The organic cations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites rotate rapidly inside the cuboctahedral cavities formed by the inorganic lattice, influencing optoelectronic properties. Here, we provide a complete quantitative picture of cation dynamics for formamidinium-based perovskites and mixed-cation compositions, which are the most widely used and promising absorber layers for perovskite solar cells today. We use 2H and 14N quadrupolar solid-state NMR relaxometry under magic-angle spinning to determine the activation energy (Ea) and correlation time (τc) at room temperature for rotation about each principal axis of a series of organic cations. Specifically, we investigate methylammonium (MA+), formamidinium (FA+), and guanidinium (GUA+) cations in current state-of-the-art single- and multi-cation perovskite compositions. We find that MA+, FA+, and GUA+ all have at least one component of rotation that occurs on the picosecond timescale at room temperature, with MA+ and GUA+ also exhibiting faster and slower components, respectively. The cation dynamics depend on the symmetry of the inorganic lattice but are found to be insensitive to the degree of cation substitution. In particular, the FA+ rotation is invariant across all compositions studied here, when sufficiently above the phase transition temperature. We further identify an unusual relaxation mechanism for the 2H of MA+ in mechanosynthesized FAxMA1-xPbI3, which was found to result from physical diffusion to paramagnetic defects. This precise picture of cation dynamics will enable better understanding of the relationship between the organic cations and the optoelectronic properties of perovskites, guiding the design principles for more efficient perovskite solar cells in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mishra
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Hope
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniere
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nanoscale heterogeneity of ultrafast many-body carrier dynamics in triple cation perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6582. [PMID: 36323659 PMCID: PMC9630529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In high fluence applications of lead halide perovskites for light-emitting diodes and lasers, multi-polaron interactions and associated Auger recombination limit the device performance. However, the relationship of the ultrafast and strongly lattice coupled carrier dynamics to nanoscale heterogeneities has remained elusive. Here, in ultrafast visible-pump infrared-probe nano-imaging of the photoinduced carrier dynamics in triple cation perovskite films, a ~20 % variation in sub-ns relaxation dynamics with spatial disorder on tens to hundreds of nanometer is resolved. We attribute the non-uniform relaxation dynamics to the heterogeneous evolution of polaron delocalization and increasing scattering time. The initial high-density excitation results in faster relaxation due to strong many-body interactions, followed by extended carrier lifetimes at lower densities. These results point towards the missing link between the optoelectronic heterogeneity and associated carrier dynamics to guide synthesis and device engineering for improved perovskites device performance. The optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskite in highfluence applications are hindered by heterogeneous multi-polaron interactions in the nanoscale. Here, Nishda et al. spatially resolve sub-ns relaxation dynamics on the nanometer scale by ultrafast infrared pumpprobe nanoimaging.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mazurin M, Shelestova A, Tsvetkov D, Sereda V, Ivanov I, Malyshkin D, Zuev A. Thermochemical Study of CH 3NH 3Pb(Cl 1-xBr x) 3 Solid Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7675. [PMID: 36363267 PMCID: PMC9657867 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite halides, and, in particular, their mixed halide solid solutions, belong to a broad class of materials which appear promising for a wide range of potential applications in various optoelectronic devices. However, these materials are notorious for their stability issues, including their sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen and moisture as well as phase separation under illumination. The thermodynamic properties, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing, of perovskite halide solid solutions are strongly required to shed some light on their stability. Herein, we report the results of an experimental thermochemical study of the CH3NH3Pb(Cl1-xBrx)3 mixed halides by solution calorimetry. Combining these results with molecular dynamics simulation revealed the complex and irregular shape of the compositional dependence of the mixing enthalpy to be the result of a complex interplay between the local lattice strain, hydrogen bonds, and energetics of these solid solutions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gallop NP, Ye J, Greetham GM, Jansen TLC, Dai L, Zelewski SJ, Arul R, Baumberg JJ, Hoye RLZ, Bakulin AA. The effect of caesium alloying on the ultrafast structural dynamics of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2022; 10:22408-22418. [PMID: 36352854 PMCID: PMC9624371 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta05207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites have attracted considerable attention over recent years as promising processable electronic materials. In particular, the rich structural dynamics of these 'soft' materials has become a subject of investigation and debate due to their direct influence on the perovskites' optoelectronic properties. Significant effort has focused on understanding the role and behaviour of the organic cations within the perovskite, as their rotational dynamics may be linked to material stability, heterogeneity and performance in (opto)electronic devices. To this end, we use two-dimensional IR spectroscopy (2DIR) to understand the effect of partial caesium alloying on the rotational dynamics of the methylammonium cation in the archetypal hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. We find that caesium incorporation primarily inhibits the slower 'reorientational jump' modes of the organic cation, whilst a smaller effect on the fast 'wobbling time' may be due to distortions and rigidisation of the inorganic cuboctahedral cage. 2DIR centre-line-slope analysis further reveals that while static disorder increases with caesium substitution, the dynamic disorder (reflected in the phase memory of the N-H stretching mode of methylammonium) is largely independent of caesium addition. Our results contribute to the development of a unified model of cation dynamics within organohalide perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rakesh Arul
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shahrokhi S, Dubajic M, Dai ZZ, Bhattacharyya S, Mole RA, Rule KC, Bhadbhade M, Tian R, Mussakhanuly N, Guan X, Yin Y, Nielsen MP, Hu L, Lin CH, Chang SLY, Wang D, Kabakova IV, Conibeer G, Bremner S, Li XG, Cazorla C, Wu T. Anomalous Structural Evolution and Glassy Lattice in Mixed-Halide Hybrid Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200847. [PMID: 35484474 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising photovoltaic materials because of their exceptional optoelectronic properties, which are often optimized via compositional engineering like mixing halides. It is well established that hybrid perovskites undergo a series of structural phase transitions as temperature varies. In this work, the authors find that phase transitions are substantially suppressed in mixed-halide hybrid perovskite single crystals of MAPbI3-x Brx (MA = CH3 NH3 + and x = 1 or 2) using a complementary suite of diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, as a general behavior, multiple crystallographic phases coexist in mixed-halide perovskites over a wide temperature range, and a slightly distorted monoclinic phase, hitherto unreported for hybrid perovskites, is dominant at temperatures above 100 K. The anomalous structural evolution is correlated with the glassy behavior of organic cations and optical phonons in mixed-halide perovskites. This work demonstrates the complex interplay between composition engineering and lattice dynamics in hybrid perovskites, shedding new light on their unique properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Shahrokhi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Milos Dubajic
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhi-Zhan Dai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Saroj Bhattacharyya
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard A Mole
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, DC NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Kirrily C Rule
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, DC NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ruoming Tian
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nursultan Mussakhanuly
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Michael P Nielsen
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shery L Y Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Danyang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Irina V Kabakova
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gavin Conibeer
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen Bremner
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Claudio Cazorla
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, Barcelona, E-08034, Spain
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao X, Lu H, Fang WH, Long R. Correlated organic-inorganic motion enhances stability and charge carrier lifetime in mixed halide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4644-4653. [PMID: 35262126 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07732e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic cations are believed to have little influence on the charge carrier lifetime in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Experiments defy this expectation. We consider formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) doping with and without Br as two prototypical systems, and perform ab initio time-domain nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics simulations to investigate nonradiative electron-hole recombination. The simulations demonstrate that correlated organic-inorganic motion stabilizes the lattice and inhibits nonradiative charge recombination in FAPbI3 upon Br doping. Br doping suppresses the rotation of FA and the vibrations of both organic and inorganic components, and leads to hole localization and the extent of localization is enhanced upon thermal impact, notably reducing the NA coupling by decreasing the overlap between the electron and hole wave functions. Doping also slightly increases the bandgap for further decreasing NA coupling and enhances the open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells. The small NA coupling and large bandgap beat the slow coherence loss, delaying electron-hole recombination and extending the charge carrier lifetime to 1.5 ns in Br-doped FAPbI3, which is on the order of 1.1 ns in pristine FAPbI3. The obtained time scales are in good agreement with experiments. Multiple phonon modes, including those of both the inorganic and organic components, couple to the electronic subsystem and accommodate the excess electronic energy lost during nonradiative charge recombination. The study reveals the unexpected atomistic mechanisms for the reduction of electron-hole recombination upon Br doping, rationalizes the experiments, and advances our understanding of the excited-state dynamics of perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoran Lu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin CC, Huang SJ, Wu PH, Chen TP, Huang CY, Wang YC, Chen PT, Radeva D, Petrov O, Gelev VM, Sankar R, Chen CC, Chen CW, Yu TY. Direct investigation of the reorientational dynamics of A-site cations in 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite by solid-state NMR. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1513. [PMID: 35314691 PMCID: PMC8938534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited methods are available for investigating the reorientational dynamics of A-site cations in two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D OIHPs), which play a pivotal role in determining their physical properties. Here, we describe an approach to study the dynamics of A-site cations using solid-state NMR and stable isotope labelling. 2H NMR of 2D OIHPs incorporating methyl-d3-ammonium cations (d3-MA) reveals the existence of multiple modes of reorientational motions of MA. Rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR of 2D OIHPs incorporating 15N- and ¹³C-labeled methylammonium cations (13C,15N-MA) reflects the averaged dipolar coupling between the C and N nuclei undergoing different modes of motions. Our study reveals the interplay between the A-site cation dynamics and the structural rigidity of the organic spacers, so providing a molecular-level insight into the design of 2D OIHPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Lin
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Huang
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hao Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Huang
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tuan Chen
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Denitsa Radeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ognyan Petrov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir M Gelev
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 115201, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 11677, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsyr-Yan Yu
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Light-induced halogen defects as dynamic active sites for CO2 photoreduction to CO with 100% selectivity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1137-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Stereochemical expression of ns2 electron pairs in metal halide perovskites. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:838-852. [PMID: 37117392 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are characterized as strongly anharmonic and dynamic lattices. While there is a consensus on the solvation-like polarization effect in these materials, whether static polarization, that is, ferroelectricity, exists or not in 3D MHPs remains controversial. In this Review, we resolve this controversy by analysing the stereochemical expression (SE) of the ns2 electron pair (NSEP) on group IV metal cations. The SE-NSEP is key to lattice instability, which governs the breaking of inversion symmetry and induces ferroelectricity. The SE-NSEP is diminishingly small in commonly studied 3D lead iodide or bromide perovskites, indicating an absence of ferroelectricity. In contrast, 2D MHPs promote the SE-NSEP and produce unambiguous ferroelectricity or antiferroelectricity. Irrespective of ferroelectricity, the dynamic manifestation of the SE-NSEP provides the missing link to understanding polar fluctuations and efficient dielectric screening in MHPs, thus, contributing to the long carrier lifetimes and diffusion lengths.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Wang Y, Gao W, Song L, Ran C, Chen Y, Huang W. Polarization-Sensitive Halide Perovskites for Polarized Luminescence and Detection: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003615. [PMID: 33586290 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While halide perovskites (HPs) have achieved enormous success in the field of optoelectronic applications, much attention has been recently drawn to the unique polarization sensitivity of HPs, either intrinsic or extrinsic, which makes HPs a potential candidate for innovative applications in directly polarized luminescence and detection. Herein, the research status in the field of polarization-sensitive HPs, including linear polarization and circular polarization, is comprehensively summarized. To evaluate the effectiveness of HPs in generating and detecting linearly or circularly polarized light, the principles and characterization methods of polarized luminescence and detection are introduced. Sequentially, the state-of-the-art development of the strategies that induce the linear or circular polarization characteristics of HPs is systematically reviewed, based on which the application of polarization-sensitive HPs in the field of polarization luminescence and detection are summarized. Moreover, the current challenges and opportunities are discussed, and prospects of the future development in this promising field are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Ran
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grüninger H, Bokdam M, Leupold N, Tinnemans P, Moos R, De Wijs GA, Panzer F, Kentgens APM. Microscopic (Dis)order and Dynamics of Cations in Mixed FA/MA Lead Halide Perovskites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:1742-1753. [PMID: 33542781 PMCID: PMC7848893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of high efficiency perovskite solar cells are based on stabilization of the perovskite crystal structure of FAPbI3 while preserving its excellent optoelectronic properties. Compositional engineering of, for example, MA or Br mixed into FAPbI3 results in the desired effects, but detailed knowledge of local structural features, such as local (dis)order or cation interactions of formamidinium (FA) and methylammonium (MA), is still limited. This knowledge is, however, crucial for their further development. Here, we shed light on the microscopic distribution of MA and FA in mixed perovskites MA1-x FA x PbI3 and MA0.15FA0.85PbI2.55Br0.45 by combining high-resolution double-quantum 1H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with state-of-the-art near-first-principles accuracy molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using machine-learning force-fields (MLFFs). We show that on a small local scale, partial MA and FA clustering takes place over the whole MA/FA compositional range. A reasonable driving force for the clustering might be an increase of the dynamical freedom of FA cations in FA-rich regions. While MA0.15FA0.85PbI2.55Br0.45 displays similar MA and FA ordering as the MA1-x FA x PbI3 systems, the average cation-cation interaction strength increased significantly in this double mixed material, indicating a restriction of the space accessible to the cations or their partial immobilization upon Br- incorporation. Our results shed light on the heterogeneities in cation composition of mixed halide perovskites, helping to exploit their full optoelectronic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Grüninger
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- H.G.: email,
| | - Menno Bokdam
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Sciences, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/12, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty
of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- M.G.: email,
| | - Nico Leupold
- Department
of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Moos
- Department
of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gilles A. De Wijs
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Panzer
- Department
of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Soft
Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- A.P.M.K.: email,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee JW, Seo S, Nandi P, Jung HS, Park NG, Shin H. Dynamic structural property of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite. iScience 2020; 24:101959. [PMID: 33437939 PMCID: PMC7788097 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting materials have made a remarkable breakthrough in new class of photovoltaics (PVs). Organic-inorganic metal (Pb and/or Sn) halides (-I, -Br, and -Cl) are the semiconducting absorber with the crystal structure of the famous "Perovskite". It is widely called "perovskite solar cells (PSCs)" in PV society. Now, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is recorded in 25.5%. Prototypical composition of the absorbers is (A = methylammonium [MA], formamidinium [FA], and Cs), (M = Pb and/or Sn), and (X = I, Br, and Cl) in the form of perovskite AMX3. Since the report on the stable all solid-state PSCs in 2012, the average annual growth rate of PCE is well over ∼10%. Such an outstanding PV performance attracts huge number of scientists in our research society. Their chemical as well as physical properties are dramatically different from monocrystalline Si, GaAs, other III-IV semiconductors, and many oxides with the crystal structure of perovskite. In this review, different fundamental aspects, in particular, the dynamic properties of A site cationic molecules and PbI6 octahedrons linked with their corners, from other semiconducting and dielectric materials are reviewed and summarized. Upon discussing unique properties, perspectives on the promising PV applications based on the comprehension in dynamic nature of the orientation in A site molecule and PbI6 octahedron tilting will be given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongrok Seo
- Department of Energy Science and Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pronoy Nandi
- Department of Energy Science and Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Energy Frontier Laboratory, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science and Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Johnston A, Walters G, Saidaminov MI, Huang Z, Bertens K, Jalarvo N, Sargent EH. Bromine Incorporation and Suppressed Cation Rotation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15107-15118. [PMID: 33103419 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the composition of perovskite active layers has been critical in increasing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to more than 25% in the latest reports. Partial substitutions of the monovalent cation and the halogen have been adopted in the highest-performing devices, but the precise role of bromine incorporation remains incompletely explained. Here we use quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to study, as a function of the degree of bromine incorporation, the dynamics of organic cations in triple-cation lead mixed-halide perovskites. We find that the inclusion of bromine suppresses low-energy rotations of formamidinium (FA), and we find that inhibiting FA rotation correlates with a longer-lived carrier lifetime. When the fraction of bromine approaches 0.15 on the halogen site-a composition used extensively in the PSC literature-the fraction of actively rotating FA molecules is minimized: indeed, the fraction of rotating FA is suppressed by more than 25% compared to the bromine-free perovskite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Johnston
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Grant Walters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Electrical & Computer Engineering, Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ziru Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Koen Bertens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Niina Jalarvo
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma VK, Mukhopadhyay R, Mohanty A, Tyagi M, Embs JP, Sarma DD. Contrasting Behaviors of FA and MA Cations in APbBr 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9669-9679. [PMID: 33135903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the organic units in hybrid halide perovskites are free to rotate, but it is not clear if this freedom is of any relevance to the structure-property relationship of these compounds. We have employed quasi-elastic neutron scattering using two different spectrometers, thus providing a wide dynamic range to investigate the cation dynamics in methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) over a large temperature range covering all known crystallographic phases of these two compounds. Our results establish a plastic crystal-like phase forming above 30 K within the orthorhombic phase of MAPbBr3 related to 3-fold rotations of MA units around the C-N axis with an activation energy, Ea, of ∼27 meV, which has no counterpart in the FA compound. MA exhibits an additional 4-fold orientational motion of the whole molecule via rotation of the C-N axis itself with an Ea of ∼68 meV common for the high-temperature tetragonal and cubic phases. In contrast, the FA compound exhibits only an isotropic orientational motion of the whole FA unit with Ea ≈ 106 meV within the orthorhombic phase and a substantially reduced common Ea of ∼62 meV for the high-temperature tetragonal and cubic phases. Our results suggest that the rotational dynamics of the organic units, crystallographic phases, and physical properties of these compounds are intimately connected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - R Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - A Mohanty
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - M Tyagi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - J P Embs
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D D Sarma
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duan HG, Tiwari V, Jha A, Berdiyorov GR, Akimov A, Vendrell O, Nayak PK, Snaith HJ, Thorwart M, Li Z, Madjet ME, Miller RJD. Photoinduced Vibrations Drive Ultrafast Structural Distortion in Lead Halide Perovskite. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16569-16578. [PMID: 32869985 PMCID: PMC7586332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The success of organic–inorganic
perovskites in optoelectronics
is dictated by the complex interplay between various underlying microscopic
phenomena. The structural dynamics of organic cations and the inorganic
sublattice after photoexcitation are hypothesized to have a direct
effect on the material properties, thereby affecting the overall device
performance. Here, we use ultrafast heterodyne-detected two-dimensional
(2D) electronic spectroscopy to reveal impulsively excited vibrational
modes of methylammonium (MA) lead iodide perovskite, which drive the
structural distortion after photoexcitation. Vibrational analysis
of the measured data allows us to monitor the time-evolved librational
motion of the MA cation along with the vibrational coherences of the
inorganic sublattice. Wavelet analysis of the observed vibrational
coherences reveals the coherent generation of the librational motion
of the MA cation within ∼300 fs complemented with the coherent
evolution of the inorganic skeletal motion. To rationalize this observation,
we employed the configuration interaction singles (CIS), which support
our experimental observations of the coherent generation of librational
motions in the MA cation and highlight the importance of the anharmonic
interaction between the MA cation and the inorganic sublattice. Moreover,
our advanced theoretical calculations predict the transfer of the
photoinduced vibrational coherence from the MA cation to the inorganic
sublattice, leading to reorganization of the lattice to form a polaronic
state with a long lifetime. Our study uncovers the interplay of the
organic cation and inorganic sublattice during formation of the polaron,
which may lead to novel design principles for the next generation
of perovskite solar cell materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, Hamburg 20355, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Ajay Jha
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Golibjon R Berdiyorov
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexey Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo New York 14260, United States
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.,TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, Hamburg 20355, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Zheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mohamed E Madjet
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,The Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang JK, Hou HY, Li YQ, Tang JX. Recent advances in interface engineering of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17149-17164. [PMID: 32789411 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the most attractive research fields in recent years due to their excellent thermal stability and light stability as compared with their organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, there is still a long way to go for their commercial application due to their low efficiency and poor stability under humidity conditions. Herein, an overview of the recent progress of all-inorganic PSCs based on interface engineering is provided. The main roles of interface engineering, adjusting energy-level alignment, enhancing charge transport capacity, passivating interface defects, modulating morphology of perovskite films, stabilizing perovskite phase, broadening spectral absorption, eliminating electrical hysteresis and enhancing operational stability, are summarized with examples, which paves the way for highly efficient and stable all-inorganic PSCs. Some of the latest progress in incorporating dopants to charge transport materials and modifying interface properties in all-inorganic PSCs are also covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Du JS, Shin D, Stanev TK, Musumeci C, Xie Z, Huang Z, Lai M, Sun L, Zhou W, Stern NP, Dravid VP, Mirkin CA. Halide perovskite nanocrystal arrays: Multiplexed synthesis and size-dependent emission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eabc4959. [PMID: 32967836 PMCID: PMC7531881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have exceptional optoelectronic properties, but a poor understanding of the relationship between crystal dimensions, composition, and properties limits their use in integrated devices. We report a new multiplexed cantilever-free scanning probe method for synthesizing compositionally diverse and size-controlled halide perovskite nanocrystals spanning square centimeter areas. Single-particle photoluminescence studies reveal multiple independent emission modes due to defect-defined band edges with relative intensities that depend on crystal size at a fixed composition. Smaller particles, but ones with dimensions that exceed the quantum confinement regime, exhibit blue-shifted emission due to reabsorption of higher-energy modes. Six different halide perovskites have been synthesized, including a layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase, and the method has been used to prepare functional solar cells based on single nanocrystals. The ability to pattern arrays of multicolor light-emitting nanocrystals opens avenues toward the development of optoelectronic devices, including optical displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan S Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Donghoon Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Teodor K Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhuang Xie
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ziyin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Minliang Lai
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang SY, Shu X, Zeng Y, Liu QY, Du ZY, He CT, Zhang WX, Chen XM. Molecule-based nonlinear optical switch with highly tunable on-off temperature using a dual solid solution approach. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2752. [PMID: 32487992 PMCID: PMC7265397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical switches that reversibly convert between on/off states by thermal stimuli are promising for applications in the fields of photoelectronics and photonics. Currently one main drawback for practical application lies in the control of their switch temperature, especially for the temperature range near room temperature. By mixed melting treatment, here we describe an alloy-like nonlinear optical switch with tunable switch temperature via a dual solid solution approach within the coordination polymer system. We initially prepare a coordination polymer (i-PrNHMe2)[Cd(SCN)3], which functions as a high-contrast thermoresponsive nonlinear optical switch originating from a phase transition at around 328 K. Furthermore, by taking advantage of a synergistic dual solid solution effect, the melt mixing of it with its analogue (MeNHEt2)[Cd(SCN)3], which features an unequal anionic chain templated by an isomeric ammonium, can afford coordination polymer solid solutions with switch temperatures that are tunable in a range of 273-328 K merely by varying the component ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xia Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qing-Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zi-Yi Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Chun-Ting He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Wei-Xiong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Munson KT, Swartzfager JR, Gan J, Asbury JB. Does Dipolar Motion of Organic Cations Affect Polaron Dynamics and Bimolecular Recombination in Halide Perovskites? J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3166-3172. [PMID: 32243757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of dipolar motion of organic cations in the A-sites of halide perovskites has been debated in an effort to understand why these materials possess such remarkable properties. Here, we show that the dipolar motion of cations such as methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) versus cesium (Cs) does not influence large polaron binding energies, delocalization lengths, formation times, or bimolecular recombination lifetimes in lead bromide perovskites containing only one type of A-site cation. We directly probe the transient absorption spectra of large polarons throughout the entire mid-infrared and resolve their dynamics on time scales from sub-100 fs to sub-μs using time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy. Our findings suggest that the improved optoelectronic properties reported of halide perovskites with mixed A-site cations may result from synergy among the cations and how their mixture modulates the structure and dynamics of the inorganic lattice rather than from the dipolar properties of the cations themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Munson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John R Swartzfager
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jianing Gan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lian Y, Jiang L, Sun J, Jin H, Wang M, Liu J, Pan C, Wang Q, Chen Z. Asymmetric Response Optoelectronic Device Based on Femtosecond-Laser-Irradiated Perovskite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17070-17076. [PMID: 32182031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have explored an asymmetric optoelectronic response of an FAPb(I0.8Br0.2)3 (FA = formamidine) perovskite device irradiated by a femtosecond (fs) laser at different laser-fluence values. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated a blue shift from 772 nm (1.606 eV) to 745 nm (1.664 eV) and more than 80% quenching of the irradiated perovskite. The blue shift of the PL spectra can be attributed to compositional variation, which was confirmed through elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. Two distinct characteristic time constants 193-46 ps and 1.9-0.61 ns were obtained by using fs transient absorption spectroscopy. The fast one represents recombination at the interface, whereas the slow one represents band-to-band recombination in the interior of the grain. Interestingly, after the perovskite was irradiated by a femtosecond laser with an appropriate laser fluence (0.135 J/cm2), an asymmetric I-V characteristic was achieved, which should result from irreversible electric domain deflection. Due to the electron-phonon scattering induced by defects, the degree of asymmetry was sensitive to the illumination power. As the photosensitive asymmetric I-V characteristics have a bearing on its photoelectric properties, the findings would be of value in photodiode, memory, and other photoelectric devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Lian
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingya Sun
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changji Pan
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brauer JC, Tsokkou D, Sanchez S, Droseros N, Roose B, Mosconi E, Hua X, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Steiner U, De Angelis F, Abate A, Banerji N. Comparing the excited-state properties of a mixed-cation–mixed-halide perovskite to methylammonium lead iodide. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:104703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Demetra Tsokkou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandy Sanchez
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Droseros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bart Roose
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Xiao Hua
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-St. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-St. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fisicaro G, La Magna A, Alberti A, Smecca E, Mannino G, Deretzis I. Local Order and Rotational Dynamics in Mixed A-Cation Lead Iodide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1068-1074. [PMID: 31958370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites containing a mixture of formamidinium (FA+), methylammonium (MA+) and cesium (Cs+) cations are the actual standard for obtaining record-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Although the compositional tuning that brings to optimal performance of the devices has been largely established, little is understood on the role of even small quantities of MA+ or Cs+ in stabilizing the black phase of FAPbI3 while boosting its photovoltaic yield. In this paper, we use Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics in large supercells containing different ratios of FA+ and either MA+ or Cs+, in order to study the structural and kinetic features of mixed perovskites at room temperature. Our analysis shows that cation mixing relaxes the rotational disorder of FA+ molecules by preferentially aligning their axis toward ⟨100⟩ cubic directions. The phenomenon stems from the introduction of additional local minima in the energetic landscape, which are absent in pure FAPbI3 crystals. As a result, a higher structural order is achieved, characterized by a pronounced octahedral tilting and a lower vibrational activity for the inorganic framework. We show that both MA+ and Cs+ are qualified for this enhancement, with Cs+ being particularly effective when diluted within the FAPbI3 perovskite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fisicaro
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM) , Z.I. VIII strada 5 , 95121 Catania , Italy
| | - Antonino La Magna
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM) , Z.I. VIII strada 5 , 95121 Catania , Italy
| | - Alessandra Alberti
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM) , Z.I. VIII strada 5 , 95121 Catania , Italy
| | - Emanuele Smecca
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM) , Z.I. VIII strada 5 , 95121 Catania , Italy
| | - Giovanni Mannino
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM) , Z.I. VIII strada 5 , 95121 Catania , Italy
| | - Ioannis Deretzis
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM) , Z.I. VIII strada 5 , 95121 Catania , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Breternitz J, Lehmann F, Barnett SA, Nowell H, Schorr S. Role of the Iodide-Methylammonium Interaction in the Ferroelectricity of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:424-428. [PMID: 31609507 PMCID: PMC6972664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20 % and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with CH3 NH3 PbI3 being an archetypal compound. The question why CH3 NH3 PbI3 has such extraordinary characteristics, particularly a very efficient power conversion from absorbed light to electrical power, is hotly debated, with ferroelectricity being a promising candidate. This does, however, require the crystal structure to be non-centrosymmetric and we herein present crystallographic evidence as to how the symmetry breaking occurs on a crystallographic and, therefore, long-range level. Although the molecular cation CH3 NH3 + is intrinsically polar, it is heavily disordered and this cannot be the sole reason for the ferroelectricity. We show that it, nonetheless, plays an important role, as it distorts the neighboring iodide positions from their centrosymmetric positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Breternitz
- Department Structure and Dynamics of Energy MaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieHahn-Meitner-Platz 114109BerlinGermany
| | - F. Lehmann
- Department Structure and Dynamics of Energy MaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieHahn-Meitner-Platz 114109BerlinGermany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversität Potsdam14469PotsdamGermany
| | | | - H. Nowell
- Diamond Light SourceDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - S. Schorr
- Department Structure and Dynamics of Energy MaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieHahn-Meitner-Platz 114109BerlinGermany
- Department of GeosciencesFreie Universität BerlinMalteserstrasse 74–100122449BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Breternitz J, Lehmann F, Barnett SA, Nowell H, Schorr S. Zur Rolle der Iodid‐Methylammonium‐Interaktion in der Ferroelektrizität in CH
3
NH
3
PbI
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Breternitz
- Abteilung Struktur und Dynamik von Energiematerialien Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
| | - F. Lehmann
- Abteilung Struktur und Dynamik von Energiematerialien Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Universität Potsdam 14469 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - S. A. Barnett
- Diamond Light Source Didcot OX11 0DE Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - H. Nowell
- Diamond Light Source Didcot OX11 0DE Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - S. Schorr
- Abteilung Struktur und Dynamik von Energiematerialien Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Deutschland
- Fakultät für Geologische Wissenschaften Freie Universität Berlin Malteserstraße 74–100 122449 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Caselli V, Fischer M, Meggiolaro D, Mosconi E, De Angelis F, Stranks SD, Baumann A, Dyakonov V, Hutter EM, Savenije TJ. Charge Carriers Are Not Affected by the Relatively Slow-Rotating Methylammonium Cations in Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5128-5134. [PMID: 31398042 PMCID: PMC6734799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have investigated dielectric properties as a possible origin of the exceptional optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs). In this study we investigated the temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of different MHP films at different frequencies. In the gigahertz regime, dielectric losses in methylammonium-based samples are dominated by the rotational dynamics of the organic cation. Upon increasing the temperature from 160 to 300 K, the rotational relaxation time, τ, decreases from 400 (200) to 6 (1) ps for MAPb-I3 (-Br3). By contrast, we found negligible temperature-dependent variations in τ for a mixed cation/mixed halide FA0.85MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. From temperature-dependent time-resolved microwave conductance measurements we conclude that the dipolar reorientation of the MA cation does not affect charge carrier mobility and lifetime in MHPs. Therefore, charge carriers do not feel the relatively slow-moving MA cations, despite their great impact on the dielectric constants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina
M. Caselli
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Fischer
- Experimental
Physics 6, Julius-Maximillian University
of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CNR-ISTM and Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CNR-ISTM and Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics, CNR-ISTM and Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Baumann
- Bavarian
Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, D97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Dyakonov
- Experimental
Physics 6, Julius-Maximillian University
of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Center for
Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maheshwari S, Fridriksson MB, Seal S, Meyer J, Grozema FC. The Relation between Rotational Dynamics of the Organic Cation and Phase Transitions in Hybrid Halide Perovskites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:14652-14661. [PMID: 31258830 PMCID: PMC6591771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The rotational dynamics of an organic cation in hybrid halide perovskites is intricately linked to the phase transitions that are known to occur in these materials; however, the exact relation is not clear. We have performed detailed model studies on methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide to unravel the relation between rotational dynamics and phase behavior. We show that the occurrence of the phase transitions is due to a subtle interplay between dipole-dipole interactions between the organic cations, specific (hydrogen bonding) interactions between the organic cation and the lead iodide lattice, and deformation of the lead iodide lattice in reaction to the reduced rotational motion of the organic cations. This combination of factors results in phase transitions at specific temperatures, leading to the formation of large organized domains of dipoles. The latter can have significant effects on the electronic structure of these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Maheshwari
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5045, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus B. Fridriksson
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5045, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sayan Seal
- Gorlaeus
Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Meyer
- Gorlaeus
Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5045, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang Q, Solanki A, Parida K, Giovanni D, Li M, Jansen TLC, Pshenichnikov MS, Sum TC. Tunable Ferroelectricity in Ruddlesden-Popper Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13523-13532. [PMID: 30854841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) halide perovskites are the new kids on the block for high-performance perovskite photovoltaics with excellent ambient stability. The layered nature of these perovskites offers an exciting possibility of harnessing their ferroelectric property for photovoltaics. Adjacent polar domains in a ferroelectric material allow the spatial separation of electrons and holes. Presently, the structure-function properties governing the ferroelectric behavior of RP perovskites are an open question. Herein, we realize tunable ferroelectricity in 2-phenylethylammonium (PEA) and methylammonium (MA) RP perovskite (PEA)2(MA) n̅-1Pb n̅I3 n̅+1. Second harmonic generation (SHG) confirms the noncentrosymmetric nature of these polycrystalline thin films, whereas piezoresponse force microscopy and polarization-electric field measurements validate the microscopic and macroscopic ferroelectric properties. Temperature-dependent SHG and dielectric constant measurements uncover a phase transition temperature at around 170 °C in these films. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations support the experimental results and identified the correlated reorientation of MA molecules and ion translations as the source of ferroelectricity. Current-voltage characteristics in the dark reveal the persistence of hysteresis in these devices, which has profound implications for light-harvesting and light-emitting applications. Importantly, our findings disclose a viable approach for engineering the ferroelectric properties of RP perovskites that may unlock new functionalities for perovskite optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Ankur Solanki
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Kaushik Parida
- School of Material Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Mingjie Li
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Maxim S Pshenichnikov
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Y, Fang WH, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Symmetry Breaking at MAPbI 3 Perovskite Grain Boundaries Suppresses Charge Recombination: Time-Domain ab Initio Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1617-1623. [PMID: 30892907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of grain boundaries (GBs) on charge carrier lifetimes in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (MAPbI3) remains unclear. Some experiments suggest that GBs promote rapid nonradiative decay and deteriorate device performance, while other measurements indicate that charge recombination happens primarily in non-GB regions and that GBs facilitate charge separation and collection. By combining time-domain density functional theory and nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that charge separation and localization happening at MAPbI3 GBs due to symmetry breaking suppresses charge recombination. Even though GBs lower the MAPbI3 bandgap and charge localization enhances interactions with phonons, electron-hole separation decreases the NA coupling, and the excited state lifetime remains virtually unchanged compared to the pristine perovskite. Our study rationalizes how GBs can have a positive influence on perovskite optoelectronic properties and advances fundamental understanding of charge carrier dynamics in these fascinating materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Infrared-pump electronic-probe of methylammonium lead iodide reveals electronically decoupled organic and inorganic sublattices. Nat Commun 2019; 10:482. [PMID: 30696817 PMCID: PMC6351559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) are game-changing semiconductors for solar cells and light-emitting devices owing to their defect tolerance and exceptionally long carrier lifetimes and diffusion lengths. Determining whether the dynamically disordered organic cations with large dipole moment benefit the optoelectronic properties of CH3NH3PbI3 has been an outstanding challenge. Herein, via transient absorption measurements employing an infrared pump pulse tuned to a methylammonium vibration, we observe slow, nanosecond-long thermal dissipation from the selectively excited organic mode to the inorganic sublattice. The resulting transient electronic signatures, during the period of thermal-nonequilibrium when the induced thermal motions are mostly concentrated on the organic sublattice, reveal that the induced atomic motions of the organic cations do not alter the absorption or the photoluminescence response of CH3NH3PbI3, beyond thermal effects. Our results suggest that the attractive optoelectronic properties of CH3NH3PbI3 mainly derive from the inorganic lead-halide framework.
Collapse
|
37
|
Iodoplumbates from 1D chain to 2D layer: Syntheses, crystal structures, and photocatalytic properties of organic hybrid lead iodides with diammonium structural templating. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
38
|
Qiao L, Fang WH, Long R. Dopant Control of Electron-Hole Recombination in Cesium-Titanium Halide Double Perovskite by Time Domain Ab Initio Simulation: Codoping Supersedes Monodoping. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6907-6914. [PMID: 30472861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics combined with time domain density functional theory, we simulate electron-hole recombination in pristine and doped inorganic Pb-free double perovskite Cs2TiBr6. We show that replacing the titanium and/or bromine with silicon and/or chlorine extends the charge carrier lifetime. Importantly, dopants avoid deep traps despite the fact that they do not change the fundamental band gap of Cs2TiBr6, and they decrease the NA electron-phonon coupling and accelerate decoherence arising from the reduced overlap of electron and hole wave functions as well as fast phonon modes induced by light dopants, respectively, suppressing electron-hole recombination. More importantly, codoping can reduce the formation energy of silicon and achieve higher doping concentration, potentially increasing the lifetime further. Our study suggests a rational strategy to reduce energy losses by codoping in design of high-performance all-inorganic Pb-free perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Munson KT, Kennehan ER, Doucette GS, Asbury JB. Dynamic Disorder Dominates Delocalization, Transport, and Recombination in Halide Perovskites. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Gallop NP, Selig O, Giubertoni G, Bakker HJ, Rezus YLA, Frost JM, Jansen TLC, Lovrincic R, Bakulin AA. Rotational Cation Dynamics in Metal Halide Perovskites: Effect on Phonons and Material Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5987-5997. [PMID: 30260646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of organic cations in metal halide hybrid perovskites (MHPs) have been investigated using numerous experimental and computational techniques because of their suspected effects on the properties of MHPs. In this Perspective, we summarize and reconcile key findings and present new data to synthesize a unified understanding of the dynamics of the cations. We conclude that theory and experiment collectively paint a relatively complete picture of rotational dynamics within MHPs. This picture is then used to discuss the consequences of structural dynamics for electron-phonon interactions and their effect on material properties by providing a brief account of key studies that correlate cation dynamics with the dynamics of the inorganic sublattice and overall device properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Ultrafast Optoelectronics Group, Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Oleg Selig
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Huib J Bakker
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yves L A Rezus
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Physics , Kings College London , London WC2R 2LS , U.K
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- InnovationLab Heidelberg and TU Braunschweig , Speyerer Str. 4 , 69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Ultrafast Optoelectronics Group, Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Walters G, Wei M, Voznyy O, Quintero-Bermudez R, Kiani A, Smilgies DM, Munir R, Amassian A, Hoogland S, Sargent E. The quantum-confined Stark effect in layered hybrid perovskites mediated by orientational polarizability of confined dipoles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4214. [PMID: 30310072 PMCID: PMC6181967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) is an established optical modulation mechanism, yet top-performing modulators harnessing it rely on costly fabrication processes. Here, we present large modulation amplitudes for solution-processed layered hybrid perovskites and a modulation mechanism related to the orientational polarizability of dipolar cations confined within these self-assembled quantum wells. We report an anomalous (blue-shifting) QCSE for layers that contain methylammonium cations, in contrast with cesium-containing layers that show normal (red-shifting) behavior. We attribute the blue-shifts to an extraordinary diminution in the exciton binding energy that arises from an augmented separation of the electron and hole wavefunctions caused by the orientational response of the dipolar cations. The absorption coefficient changes, realized by either the red- or blue-shifts, are the strongest among solution-processed materials at room temperature and are comparable to those exhibited in the highest-performing epitaxial compound semiconductor heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Walters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - M Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - O Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - R Quintero-Bermudez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - A Kiani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - D-M Smilgies
- CHESS Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, 161 Synchrotron Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - R Munir
- Physical and Engineering Sciences Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSU), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Amassian
- Physical and Engineering Sciences Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSU), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - S Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - E Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hopper T, Gorodetsky A, Frost JM, Müller C, Lovrincic R, Bakulin AA. Ultrafast Intraband Spectroscopy of Hot-Carrier Cooling in Lead-Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2018; 3:2199-2205. [PMID: 30450410 PMCID: PMC6231231 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid relaxation of above-band-gap "hot" carriers (HCs) imposes the key efficiency limit in lead-halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells. Recent studies have indicated that HC cooling in these systems may be sensitive to materials composition, as well as the energy and density of excited states. However, the key parameters underpinning the cooling mechanism are currently under debate. Here we use a sequence of ultrafast optical pulses (visible pump-infrared push-infrared probe) to directly compare the intraband cooling dynamics in five common LHPs: FAPbI3, FAPbBr3, MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, and CsPbBr3. We observe ∼100-900 fs cooling times, with slower cooling at higher HC densities. This effect is strongest in the all-inorganic Cs-based system, compared to the hybrid analogues with organic cations. These observations, together with band structure calculations, allow us to quantify the origin of the "hot-phonon bottleneck" in LHPs and assert the thermodynamic contribution of a symmetry-breaking organic cation toward rapid HC cooling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
R. Hopper
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute
for High-Frequency Technology, Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- Institute
for High-Frequency Technology, Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem A. Bakulin
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rivett JPH, Tan LZ, Price MB, Bourelle SA, Davis NJLK, Xiao J, Zou Y, Middleton R, Sun B, Rappe AM, Credgington D, Deschler F. Long-lived polarization memory in the electronic states of lead-halide perovskites from local structural dynamics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3531. [PMID: 30166536 PMCID: PMC6117347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anharmonic crystal lattice dynamics have been observed in lead halide perovskites on picosecond timescales. Here, we report that the soft nature of the perovskite crystal lattice gives rise to dynamic fluctuations in the electronic properties of excited states. We use linear polarization selective transient absorption spectroscopy to study the charge carrier relaxation dynamics in lead-halide perovskite films and nanocrystals. We find that photo-excited charge carriers maintain an initial polarization anisotropy for several picoseconds, independent of crystallite size and composition, and well beyond the reported timescales of carrier scattering. First-principles calculations find intrinsic anisotropies in the transition dipole moment, which depend on the orientation of light polarization and the polar distortion of the local crystal lattice. Lattice dynamics are imprinted in the optical transitions and anisotropies arise on the time-scales of structural motion. The strong coupling between electronic states and structural dynamics requires a unique interpretation of recombination and transport mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine P. H. Rivett
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Liang Z. Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael B. Price
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean A. Bourelle
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathaniel J. L. K. Davis
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - James Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Yatao Zou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, 215123 Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rox Middleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, 215123 Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dan Credgington
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nishida J, Breen JP, Lindquist KP, Umeyama D, Karunadasa HI, Fayer MD. Dynamically Disordered Lattice in a Layered Pb-I-SCN Perovskite Thin Film Probed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9882-9890. [PMID: 30024160 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamically flexible lattices in lead halide perovskites may play important roles in extending carrier recombination lifetime in 3D perovskite solar-cell absorbers and in exciton self-trapping in 2D perovskite white-light phosphors. Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy was applied to study a recently reported Pb-I-SCN layered perovskite. The Pb-I-SCN perovskite was spin-coated on a SiO2 surface as a thin film, with a thickness of ∼100 nm, where the S12CN- anions were isotopically diluted with the ratio of S12CN:S13CN = 5:95 to avoid vibrational coupling and excitation transfer between adjacent SCN- anions. The 12CN stretch mode of the minor S12CN- component was the principal vibrational probe that reported on the structural evolution through 2D IR spectroscopy. Spectral diffusion was observed with a time constant of 4.1 ± 0.3 ps. Spectral diffusion arises from small structural changes that result in sampling of frequencies within the distribution of frequencies comprising the inhomogeneously broadened infrared absorption band. These transitions among discrete local structures are distinct from oscillatory phonon motions of the lattice. To accurately evaluate the structural dynamics through measurement of spectral diffusion, the vibrational coupling between adjacent SCN- anions had to be carefully treated. Although the inorganic layers of typical 2D perovskites are structurally isolated from each other, the 2D IR data demonstrated that the layers of the Pb-I-SCN perovskite are vibrationally coupled. When both S12CN- and S13CN- were pumped simultaneously, cross-peaks between S12CN and S13CN vibrations and an oscillating 2D band shape of the S12CN- vibration were observed. Both observables demonstrate vibrational coupling between the closest SCN- anions, which reside in different inorganic layers. The thin films and the isotopic dilution produced exceedingly small vibrational echo signal fields; measurements were made possible using the near-Brewster's angle reflection pump-probe geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishida
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - John P Breen
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kurt P Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Daiki Umeyama
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hemamala I Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guo P, Gong J, Sadasivam S, Xia Y, Song TB, Diroll BT, Stoumpos CC, Ketterson JB, Kanatzidis MG, Chan MKY, Darancet P, Xu T, Schaller RD. Slow thermal equilibration in methylammonium lead iodide revealed by transient mid-infrared spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2792. [PMID: 30022022 PMCID: PMC6052157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are emerging semiconductors for cheap and efficient photovoltaics and light-emitting devices. Different from conventional inorganic semiconductors, hybrid perovskites consist of coexisting organic and inorganic sub-lattices, which present disparate atomic masses and bond strengths. The nanoscopic interpenetration of these disparate components, which lack strong electronic and vibrational coupling, presents fundamental challenges to the understanding of charge and heat dissipation. Here we study phonon population and equilibration processes in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by transiently probing the vibrational modes of the organic sub-lattice following above-bandgap optical excitation. We observe inter-sub-lattice thermal equilibration on timescales ranging from hundreds of picoseconds to a couple of nanoseconds. As supported by a two-temperature model based on first-principles calculations, the slow thermal equilibration is attributable to the sequential phonon populations of the inorganic and organic sub-lattices, respectively. The observed long-lasting thermal non-equilibrium offers insights into thermal transport and heat management of the emergent hybrid material class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jue Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Sridhar Sadasivam
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yi Xia
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tze-Bin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John B Ketterson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Maria K Y Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
He J, Guo M, Long R. Photoinduced Localized Hole Delays Nonradiative Electron-Hole Recombination in Cesium-Lead Halide Perovskites: A Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3021-3028. [PMID: 29779376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskites have attracted intense interest as promising photovoltaic materials due to their excellent performance. Using time domain density functional theory combined with nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that a photoinduced localized polaron-like hole greatly delays the nonradiative electron-hole recombination relative to the structure with delocalized free charge of the CsPbBr3. This is because localized charge carriers diminish overlap between electron and hole wave functions and decrease the NA coupling by a factor of 6. In addition, polaron formation increases the band gap of CsPbBr3, slowing down recombination further. The smaller NA coupling and larger band gap compete successfully with the longer decoherence time, extending the recombination to tens of nanoseconds. The calculated recombination times show excellent agreement with experiment. Our study reveals the atomistic mechanisms underlying the suppression of recombination upon formation of localized polaron-like holes and advances our understanding of the excited-state dynamics of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu He
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan) , Jinan , Shandong Province 250101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song J, Xiao Z, Chen B, Prockish S, Chen X, Rajapitamahuni A, Zhang L, Huang J, Hong X. Enhanced Piezoelectric Response in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films via Interfacing with Ferroelectric PbZr 0.2Ti 0.8O 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19218-19225. [PMID: 29733190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a more than 10-fold enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films when interfacing them with ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT). Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) studies reveal [Formula: see text] values of 0.3-0.4 pm/V for MAPbI3 deposited on Au, indium tin oxide, and SrTiO3 surfaces, with small phase angle fluctuating at length scales smaller than the grain size. In sharp contrast, on samples prepared on epitaxial PZT films, we observe large-scale polar domains exhibiting clear, close to 180° PFM phase contrasts, pointing to polar axes along the film normal. By separating the piezoresponse contributions from the MAPbI3 and PZT layers, we extract a significantly higher [Formula: see text] of ∼4 pm/V, which is attributed to the enhanced alignment of the MA molecular dipoles promoted by the unbalanced surface potential of PZT. We also discuss the effect of the interfacial screening layer on the preferred polar direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
| | - Spencer Prockish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Xuegang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Anil Rajapitamahuni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0526 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0298 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bretschneider SA, Ivanov I, Wang HI, Miyata K, Zhu X, Bonn M. Quantifying Polaron Formation and Charge Carrier Cooling in Lead-Iodide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707312. [PMID: 29847699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the success of lead-halide perovskites in emerging solar energy conversion technologies, many of the fundamental photophysical phenomena in this material remain debated. Here, the initial steps following photogeneration of free charge carriers in lead-iodide perovskites are studied, and timescales of charge carrier cooling and polaron formation, as a function of temperature and charge carrier excess energy, are quantified. It is found, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), that the observed femtosecond rise in the photoconductivity can be described very well using a simple model of sequential charge carrier cooling and polaron formation. For excitation above the bandgap, the carrier cooling time depends on the charge carrier excess energy and lattice temperature, with cooling rates varying between 1 and 6 meV fs-1 , depending on the cation. While carrier cooling depends on the cation, polaron formation occurs within ≈400 fs in CH3 NH3 PbI3 (MAPbI3 ), CH(NH2 )2 PbI3 (FAPbI3 ), and CsPbI3 . Its formation time is independent of temperature between 160 and 295 K. The very similar polaron formation dynamics observed for the three perovskites points to the critical role of the inorganic lattice, rather than the cations, for polaron formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Bretschneider
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Probing femtosecond lattice displacement upon photo-carrier generation in lead halide perovskite. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1971. [PMID: 29773798 PMCID: PMC5958143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic properties and lattice vibrations are expected to be strongly correlated in metal-halide perovskites, due to the soft fluctuating nature of their crystal lattice. Thus, unveiling electron-phonon coupling dynamics upon ultrafast photoexcitation is necessary for understanding the optoelectronic behavior of the semiconductor. Here, we use impulsive vibrational spectroscopy to reveal vibrational modes of methylammonium lead-bromide perovskite under electronically resonant and non-resonant conditions. We identify two excited state coherent phonons at 89 and 106 cm-1, whose phases reveal a shift of the potential energy minimum upon ultrafast photocarrier generation. This indicates the transition to a new geometry, reached after approximately 90 fs, and fully equilibrated within the phonons lifetime of about 1 ps. Our results unambiguously prove that these modes drive the crystalline distortion occurring upon photo-excitation, demonstrating the presence of polaronic effects.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang Y, Lin R, Zhu P, Zheng Q, Wang Q, Li D, Zhu J. Cation Dynamics Governed Thermal Properties of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2772-2779. [PMID: 29618206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanowires such as hybrid organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) have drawn significant attention as promising building blocks for high-performance solar cells, light-emitting devices, and semiconductor lasers. However, the physics of thermal transport in MHP nanowires is still elusive even though it is highly relevant to the device thermal stability and optoelectronic performance. Through combined experimental measurements and theoretical analyses, here we disclose the underlying mechanisms governing thermal transport in three different kinds of lead halide perovskite nanowires (CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CsPbBr3). It is shown that the thermal conductivity of CH3NH3PbBr3 nanowires is significantly suppressed as compared to that of CsPbBr3 nanowires, which is attributed to the cation dynamic disorder. Furthermore, we observed different temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of hybrid perovskites CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3, which can be attributed to accelerated cation dynamics in CH3NH3PbBr3 at low temperature and the combined effects of lower phonon group velocity and higher Umklapp scattering rate in CH3NH3PbI3 at high temperature. These data and understanding should shed light on the design of high-performance MHP based thermal and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renxing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchen Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|