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Abdullahi AD, Unban K, Saenjum C, Kodchasee P, Kangwan N, Thananchai H, Shetty K, Khanongnuch C. Antibacterial activities of Miang extracts against selected pathogens and the potential of the tannin-free extracts in the growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302717. [PMID: 38718045 PMCID: PMC11078415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have remained a major public health concern for several decades. This study investigated the antibacterial activities of Miang extracts (at non-neutral and neutral pH) against Bacillus cereus TISTR 747, Escherichia coli ATCC 22595, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TISTR 292 and Streptococcus mutans DMST 18777. The potential of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)-precipitated tannin-free Miang extracts in growth-inhibition of the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans DMST 18777 and its biofilms was also evaluated. The tannin-rich fermented extracts had the best bacterial growth inhibition against S. mutans DMST 18777 with an MIC of 0.29 and 0.72 mg/mL for nonfilamentous fungi (NFP) Miang and filamentous-fungi-processed (FFP) Miang respectively. This observed anti-streptococcal activity still remained after PVPP-mediated precipitation of bioactive tannins especially, in NFP and FFP Miang. Characterization of the PVPP-treated extracts using High performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-QToF-MS) analysis, also offered an insight into probable compound classes responsible for the activities. In addition, Crystal violet-staining also showed better IC50 values for NFP Miang (4.30 ± 0.66 mg/mL) and FFP Miang (12.73 ± 0.11 mg/mL) against S. mutans DMST 18777 biofilms in vitro. Homology modeling and molecular docking analysis using HPLC-MS identified ligands in tannin-free Miang supernatants, was performed against modelled S. mutans DMST 18777 sortase A enzyme. The in silico analysis suggested that the inhibition by NFP and FFP Miang might be attributed to the presence of ellagic acid, flavonoid aglycones, and glycosides. Thus, these Miang extracts could be optimized and explored as natural active pharmaceutical ingredients (NAPIs) for applications in oral hygienic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Dantani Abdullahi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kridsada Unban
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pratthana Kodchasee
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Multidisciplinary Research Institute (MDRI), Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Napapan Kangwan
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Hathairat Thananchai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Chartchai Khanongnuch
- Research Center for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Miang, Multidisciplinary Research Institute (MDRI), Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Hille K, Basche S, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Olive Oil as a Transport Medium for Bioactive Molecules of Plants?-An In Situ Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093803. [PMID: 37175213 PMCID: PMC10180205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Caries and erosions still remain a challenge for preventive dentistry. Certain plant extracts have shown beneficial effects in preventive dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-adherent and erosion-protective properties of ellagic acid (EA) as a polyphenolic agent. The combination with olive oil was investigated additionally to verify a possible improved bioactive effect of EA. (2) An in situ study was carried out with six subjects. Individual splints were prepared with bovine enamel specimens. The splints were worn for 1 min (pellicle formation time). Thereafter, 10 min rinses were performed with EA in water/in oil. Bacterial adherence was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy (DAPI, ConA, BacLight) after an 8 h oral exposition time. Additionally, the splints were worn for 30 min to quantify demineralization processes. The ultrastructure of the pellicle was investigated after an oral exposure time of 2 h under a transmission electron microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and Bonferroni-Holm correction. (3) Rinsing with EA led to a significant reduction of adherent vital and dead bacteria. The combination with olive oil did not improve these outcomes. The assessment of glucan structures after rinsing with EA in water showed significant effects. Significant differences were observed for both rinses in calcium release at pH 3.0. After rinsing with EA in oil, significantly less calcium was released compared to rinsing with EA in water (pH = 3.0). (4) Olive oil is not suitable as a transport medium for lipophilic polyphenols. EA has anti-adherent and antibacterial properties in situ. EA also shows erosion-protective effects, which can be enhanced in combination with olive oil depending on the pH value. Ellagic acid has a neutral pH and could be an opportunity in the treatment of specific patient groups (xerostomia or mucositis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Hille
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Kwak SH, Kim H, Lee S, Lim J, Pal K, Chung B, Kang DH, Kim D. Synthesis and biological characterization of low-calorie Schisandra chinensis syrup. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:857-865. [PMID: 35720467 PMCID: PMC9203617 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Omija) is a well-known medicinal plant in East Asia. In this study, Omija oligosaccharide syrup was prepared from sucrose with Omija fruit extract using two glucansucrases of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F/KM and L. mesenteroides B-1355CF10/KM. The degree of polymerization of Omija oligosaccharide syrup was ranged from 2 - 13 by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Compared to the Omija syrup, the Omija oligosaccharide syrup reduced 61% calories based on the enzymatic gravimetric method. It also reduced up to 96% insoluble glucan formation from sucrose by mutansucrase of Streptococcus mutans at 500 mg/mL. Additionally, it has 1.78-fold higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity value compared to Omija syrup. Using electronic tongue sensor system, Omija oligosaccharide syrup showed decreased sourness, astringency, and saltiness compared to Omija syrup. Thus, Omija oligosaccharides can be used as functional sweetener in nutraceutical industries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01061-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyung Kwak
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905The Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science &Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Lim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Kunal Pal
- grid.444703.00000 0001 0744 7946Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 India
| | - Byoungsang Chung
- Ottogi Sesame Mills Co., Ltd, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27623 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Doman Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354 Republic of Korea
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905The Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science &Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354 Republic of Korea
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Atta L, Khalil R, Khan KM, Zehra M, Saleem F, Nur-e-Alam M, Ul-Haq Z. Virtual Screening, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Streptococcus mutans Mediated Biofilm Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041455. [PMID: 35209243 PMCID: PMC8876203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries, a global oral health concern, is a biofilm-mediated disease. Streptococcus mutans, the most prevalent oral microbiota, produces extracellular enzymes, including glycosyltransferases responsible for sucrose polymerization. In bacterial communities, the biofilm matrix confers resistance to host immune responses and antibiotics. Thus, in cases of chronic dental caries, inhibiting bacterial biofilm assembly should prevent demineralization of tooth enamel, thereby preventing tooth decay. A high throughput screening was performed in the present study to identify small molecule inhibitors of S. mutans glycosyltransferases. Multiple pharmacophore models were developed, validated with multiple datasets, and used for virtual screening against large chemical databases. Over 3000 drug-like hits were obtained that were analyzed to explore their binding mode. Finally, six compounds that showed good binding affinities were further analyzed for ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. The obtained in silico hits were evaluated for in vitro biofilm formation. The compounds displayed excellent antibiofilm activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15.26–250 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Atta
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Ruqaiya Khalil
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moatter Zehra
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Faiza Saleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammad Nur-e-Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (L.A.); (K.M.K.); (F.S.)
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (R.K.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-21-99261672
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Ashwin K, Pattanaik AK, Howarth GS. Polyphenolic bioactives as an emerging group of nutraceuticals for promotion of gut health: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yabuta Y, Sato Y, Miki A, Nagata R, Bito T, Ishihara A, Watanabe F. Lemon myrtle extract inhibits lactate production by Streptococcus mutans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2185-2190. [PMID: 34410296 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle) extract has been found to inhibit glucansucrase activity, which plays an important role in biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. In addition to glucansucrase, various virulence factors in S. mutans are involved in the initiation of caries. Lactate produced by S. mutans demineralizes the tooth enamel. This study investigated whether lemon myrtle extract can inhibit S. mutans lactate production. Lemon myrtle extract reduced the glycolytic pH drop in S. mutans culture and inhibited lactate production by at least 46%. Ellagic acid, quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin, major polyphenols in lemon myrtle, reduced the glycolytic pH drop and lactate production, but not lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, these polyphenols reduced the viable S. mutans cell count. Thus, lemon myrtle extracts may inhibit S. mutans-mediated acidification of the oral cavity, thereby preventing dental caries and tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yui Sato
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Arisu Miki
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ryuta Nagata
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Passos MR, Almeida RS, Lima BO, Rodrigues JZDS, Macêdo Neres NSD, Pita LS, Marinho PDF, Santos IA, da Silva JP, Oliveira MC, Oliveira MA, Pessoa SMB, Silva MML, Silveira PHS, Reis MM, Santos IP, Ricardo LDON, Andrade LOSB, Soares AB, Correia TML, Souza ÉPD, Pires PN, Cruz MP, Marques LM, Uetanabaro APT, Yatsuda R. Anticariogenic activities of Libidibia ferrea, gallic acid and ethyl gallate against Streptococcus mutans in biofilm model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114059. [PMID: 33794333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Brazil, ethnopharmacological studies show that Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz is commonly used in folk medicine as an antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. In the Amazon region, the dried fruit powder of L. ferrea are widely used empirically by the population in an alcoholic tincture as an antimicrobial mouthwash in oral infections and the infusion is also recommended for healing oral wounds. However, there are few articles that have evaluated the antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in a biofilm model, identifying active compounds and mechanisms of action. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherence activities of the ethanolic extract, fractions and isolated compounds (gallic acid and ethyl gallate) of the fruit and seed of L. ferrea against Streptococcus mutans. The inhibition of acidicity/acidogenicity and the expression of the S. mutans GTF genes in biofilms were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Cell Adhesion (MICA) were evaluated with ethanolic extract (EELF), fractions, gallic acid (GA) and ethyl gallate (EG) against S. mutans. Inhibition of biofilm formation, pH drop and proton permeability tests were conducted with EELF, GA and EG, and also evaluated the expression of the GTF genes in biofilms. The compounds of dichloromethane fraction were identified by GC-MS. RESULTS This is the first report of shikimic, pyroglutamic, malic and protocatechuic acids identified in L. ferrea. EELF, GA and EG showed MIC at 250 μg/mL, and MBC at 1000 μg/mL by EELF. EELF biofilms showed reduced dry weight and acidogenicity of S. mutans in biofilms. GA and EG reduced viable cells, glucans soluble in alkali, acidogenicity, aciduricity and downregulated expression of gtfB, gtfC and gtfD genes in biofilms. SEM images of GA and EG biofilms showed a reduction of biomass, exopolysaccharide and microcolonies of S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The ethanolic extract of fruit and seed of L. ferrea, gallic acid and ethyl gallate showed great antimicrobial activity and inhibition of adhesion, reduction of acidogenicity and aciduricity in S. mutans biofilms. The results obtained in vitro validate the use of this plant in ethnopharmacology, and open opportunities for the development of new oral anticariogenic agents, originated by plants that can inhibit pathogenic biofilm that leads to the development of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ribeiro Passos
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Jorge Amado Highway, 16 Km, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Almeida
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Brenda Oliveira Lima
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jeisa Zielle de Souza Rodrigues
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Louise Soares Pita
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Iago Almeida Santos
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jamile Pinheiro da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Cardoso Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Stela Mares Brasileiro Pessoa
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marlon Mário Leles Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Santana Silveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Mares Reis
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Isabella Porto Santos
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ananda Brito Soares
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Érika Pereira de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Polyane Novais Pires
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Jorge Amado Highway, 16 Km, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariluze Peixoto Cruz
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Jorge Amado Highway, 16 Km, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
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Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4892. [PMID: 34063086 PMCID: PMC8124254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural substances that have been shown to provide various health benefits. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been described. At the same time, they inhibit the actions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Thus, studies have also examined their effects within the oral cavity. This review provides an overview on the different polyphenols, and their structure and interactions with the tooth surface and the pellicle. In particular, the effects of various tea polyphenols on bioadhesion and erosion have been reviewed. The current research confirms that polyphenols can reduce the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Furthermore, they can decrease the adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface and improve the erosion-protective properties of the acquired enamel pellicle. Tea polyphenols, especially, have the potential to contribute to an oral health-related diet. However, in vitro studies have mainly been conducted. In situ studies and clinical studies need to be extended and supplemented in order to significantly contribute to additive prevention measures in caries prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
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In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:360. [PMID: 33228641 PMCID: PMC7684731 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world. Acacia nilotica was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of A. nilotica bark and its fractions. METHODS Methanoilc crude extract of A. nilotica bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. sobrinus and P. gingivalis using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method. RESULTS Fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the P. gingivalis. Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine. A. nilotica bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.
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Xi Q, Hoth-Hannig W, Deng S, Jin X, Fu B, Hannig M. The effect of polyphenol-containing solutions on in situ biofilm formation on enamel and dentin. J Dent 2020; 102:103482. [PMID: 32980427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of Chinese gallnut extracts and pure tannic acid on in situ biofilm formation on enamel and dentin samples over 24 h. METHODS Bovine enamel and dentin samples were buccally fixed on maxillary splints. Six volunteers wore the splints for 24 h, and rinsed their mouths with tap water (control), 1% tannic acid- and 1% Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solution twice a day, 3 min after the splints were placed in the mouth and before night sleep. Live/dead staining was used for fluorescence microscopic (FM) visualization and quantification of bacteria viability of biofilms formed on enamel and dentin samples. Biofilm coverage was evaluated and recorded by FM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, biofilms were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze biofilm data. RESULTS Rinsing with tannic acid- and Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solutions significantly reduced in situ biofilm coverage on enamel and dentin samples (P < 0.05). The bacterial viability of biofilms formed on enamel samples was significantly reduced compared to the control (P < 0.05). TEM analysis revealed an increase in pellicle's electron density and thickness and only few or no bacteria adherent to the pellicle in the experimental samples. CONCLUSIONS Rinsing with tannic acid- and Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solutions can effectively inhibit in situ biofilm formation, modify the ultrastructure of biofilms on enamel and dentin surfaces and significantly reduce the bacterial viability of biofilm on enamel surfaces. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tannic acid- and Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solutions might be used for dental biofilm management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xi
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China; Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Building 73, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hoth-Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Building 73, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Shuli Deng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiping Fu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Building 73, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany.
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Kirsch J, Jung A, Hille K, König B, Hannig C, Kölling-Speer I, Speer K, Hannig M. Effect of fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial bacterial colonization in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104853. [PMID: 32801033 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presentin situ study aims to examine the influence of the polyphenolic tea drugs fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial oral bioadhesion. DESIGN Initial biofilm formation was performed on bovine enamel slabs which were carried intraorally by 12 subjects. After 1 min of intraoral pellicle formation, the subjects rinsed with fragaria vesca, tormentil (0.8 mg/8 mL) and hamamelis (0.2 mg/8 mL) for 10 min. Tap water served as negative control, 0.2 % CHX as positive control. The investigations took place on different days (wash-out: 2 days). Afterwards, fluorescence microscopy has been performed per test solution (n = 5) and per subject (n = 12) to visualize bacterial adhesion and glucan formation (8 h oral exposition) with DAPI, ConA and BacLight. Additionally, TEM was used to visualize the pellicle ultrastructure and expectorate samples. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis- (p < 0.5), Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.5) and Bonferroni-Holm-correction (p < 0.1). RESULTS Rinsing with the polyphenolic tea extracts reduced significantly initial bacterial colonization (DAPI) compared to the negative control. There was no significant difference betweenfragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil. All solutions showed a reducing effect on the glucan formation. No significant difference was observed between fragaria vesca and CHX. Considerable alterations of the pellicle's ultrastructure manifested by an increase in thickness and electron density resulted from rinsing with the three polyphenolic aqueous extracts. CONCLUSIONS Fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil significantly reduce initial bioadhesion and glucan formation in situ and are therefore recommended as adjuvant antibacterial oral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kirsch
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Amira Jung
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Hille
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Belinda König
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Multi-targeted Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery by a Framework Nucleic Acid for Inhibiting Biofilm Formation and Virulence. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:74. [PMID: 34138282 PMCID: PMC7770702 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A framework nucleic acid delivery system was developed through self-assembly, which can deliver antisense oligonucleotides against multiple targets in bacterial cells. The ASOs-tFNAs (750 nM) was found to simultaneously inhibit the expression of gtfBCD, gbpB, and ftf, and significantly reduce the extracellular polysaccharide synthesis and biofilm thickness.
Biofilm formation is responsible for numerous chronic infections and represents a serious health challenge. Bacteria and the extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) cause biofilms to become adherent, toxic, resistant to antibiotics, and ultimately difficult to remove. Inhibition of EPS synthesis can prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms, reduce their robustness, and promote removal. Here, we have developed a framework nucleic acid delivery system with a tetrahedral configuration. It can easily access bacterial cells and functions by delivering antisense oligonucleotides that target specific genes. We designed antisense oligonucleotide sequences with multiple targets based on conserved regions of the VicK protein-binding site. Once delivered to bacterial cells, they significantly decreased EPS synthesis and biofilm thickness. Compared to existing approaches, this system is highly efficacious because it simultaneously reduces the expression of all targeted genes (gtfBCD, gbpB, ftf). We demonstrate a novel nucleic acid-based nanomaterial with multi-targeted inhibition that has great potential for the treatment of chronic infections caused by biofilms.![]()
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Kato E. Bioactive compounds in plant materials for the prevention of diabetesand obesity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:975-985. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1580560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Plant materials have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic effects for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The effect of a plant material arises from its constituents, and the study of these bioactive compounds is important to achieve a deeper understanding of its effect at the molecular level. In particular, the study of the effects of such bioactive compounds on various biological processes, from digestion to cellular responses, is required to fully understand the overall effects of plant materials in these health contexts. In this review, I summarize the bioactive compounds we have recently studied in our research group that target digestive enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, myocyte glucose uptake, and lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
Abbreviations: AC: adenylyl cyclase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; βAR: β-adrenergic receptor; CA: catecholamine; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GC: guanylyl cyclase; GH: growth hormone; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK/ERK kinase; MG: maltase-glucoamylase; NP: natriuretic peptide; NPR: natriuretic peptide receptor; mTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-2; PC: proanthocyanidin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PKB (AKT): protein kinase B; PKG: cGMP-dependent protein kinase; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SGLT1: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; SI: sucrase-isomaltase; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kato
- Division of Fundamental AgriScience and Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Boudries H, Nabet N, Chougui N, Souagui S, Loupassaki S, Madani K, Dimitrov K. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant phenolics from Capparis spinosa flower buds and LC–MS analysis. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Phenolic composition of apple products and by-products based on cold pressing technology. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1389-1397. [PMID: 30956318 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cold pressing technology is a new technology using during the apple juice processing, which involved peeling and deseeding of apples at low temperature. The phenolics of apple juice, apple vinegar and apple pomace generated by cold pressing and traditional process were investigated. The results showed that the total phenols and flavanols of cold pressing apple juice were lower than those of traditional process. The total phenols content of peel pomace extract was significantly higher than that of the pulp pomace by almost tenfold, which showed that the peels and seeds were valuable sources of phenolic compounds. The total phenols of apple vinegars were significantly different. The predominant compounds in apple products were phloridzin and chlorogenic acid, while the apple pomaces based on cold pressing technology had significantly high content of phenolic compounds, indicating that the cold pressing technology could facilitated the use of apple pomace for bioactive compounds.
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Rubido S, García-Caballero L, Abeleira MT, Limeres J, García M, Diz P. Effect of chewing an apple on dental plaque removal and on salivary bacterial viability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199812. [PMID: 30020943 PMCID: PMC6051571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on dental plaque removal by chewing an apple are scarce and dated, with conflicting findings. This study aimed to determine whether chewing an apple produced mechanical removal of dental plaque or had any effect on salivary bacterial viability. METHODS The study group consisted of 20 healthy adults with good oral health status who were randomly assigned to brush their teeth or eat an apple. After 2 weeks, the experiment was repeated with the order reversed. Plaque index (PI) and the bacterial viability (BV) in a sample of whole saliva (spit) were determined before brushing or apple eating (baseline, B), immediately afterward (A) and 24 hours afterward (24). RESULTS After chewing an apple, PI-A was significantly higher than both PI-B (P < .001) and PI-24 (P < .001). BV-A was significantly lower than BV-B (P < .001), with a return to baseline values at the BV-24 measurement. CONCLUSIONS Chewing an apple does not remove dental plaque, and may favor plaque regrowth during the first 24 hours, but it does produce an immediate reduction in salivary bacterial viability similar to that after tooth brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rubido
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María Teresa Abeleira
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta García
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Diz
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Yabuta Y, Mukoyama H, Kaneda Y, Kimura N, Bito T, Ichiyanagi T, Ishihara A, Watanabe F. A lemon myrtle extract inhibits glucosyltransferases activity of Streptococcus mutans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1584-1590. [PMID: 29806543 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1478714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium found in human oral biofilms (dental plaques) that is associated with the development of dental caries. Glucosyltransferases (GTFs) are key enzymes involved in dental plaque formation, and compounds that inhibit their activities may prevent dental caries. We developed a screening system for GTF-inhibitory activities, and used it to profile 44 types of herbal tea extracts. Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) extract exhibited the highest GTF-inhibitory activity, with an IC50 for GTF in solution of 0.14 mg mL-1. Furthermore, lemon myrtle extracts had the third-highest polyphenol content of all tested extracts, and strongly inhibited S. mutans biofilm. Interestingly, lemon myrtle extracts did not inhibit cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Haruka Mukoyama
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kaneda
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Narisa Kimura
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- a Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
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Masuda I, Koike M, Nakashima S, Mizutani Y, Ozawa Y, Watanabe K, Sawada Y, Sugiyama H, Sugimoto A, Nojiri H, Sashihara K, Yokote K, Shimizu T. Apple procyanidins promote mitochondrial biogenesis and proteoglycan biosynthesis in chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7229. [PMID: 29739985 PMCID: PMC5940809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples are well known to have various benefits for the human body. Procyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in apples that have demonstrated effects on the circulatory system and skeletal organs. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a locomotive syndrome that is histologically characterized by cartilage degeneration associated with the impairment of proteoglycan homeostasis in chondrocytes. However, no useful therapy for cartilage degeneration has been developed to date. In the present study, we detected beneficial effects of apple polyphenols or their procyanidins on cartilage homeostasis. An in vitro assay revealed that apple polyphenols increased the activities of mitochondrial dehydrogenases associated with an increased copy number of mitochondrial DNA as well as the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), suggesting the promotion of PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Apple procyanidins also enhanced proteoglycan biosynthesis with aggrecan upregulation in primary chondrocytes. Of note, oral treatment with apple procyanidins prevented articular cartilage degradation in OA model mice induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes. Our findings suggest that apple procyanidins are promising food components that inhibit OA progression by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and proteoglycan homeostasis in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Masuda
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Products Development Department, Asahi Calpis Wellness Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nakashima
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.,Products Development Department, Asahi Calpis Wellness Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yu Mizutani
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Sawada
- Products Development Department, Asahi Calpis Wellness Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Quality Assurance Department, Quality Assurance Headquarters, Asahi Group Foods, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Sashihara
- Department of Functional Materials Technology, Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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Fan P, Huber DJ, Su Z, Hu M, Gao Z, Li M, Shi X, Zhang Z. Effect of postharvest spray of apple polyphenols on the quality of fresh-cut red pitaya fruit during shelf life. Food Chem 2018; 243:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Liu C, Shan Y, Yin X, Li Q. Antioxidative Capacity of Proanthocyanidins from China Bitter Humulus Lupulus in Vitro. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2013-1023-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Liu
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shan
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Yin
- Cargill Malt, McGinty Road West, MS 135, Wayzata, MN 55391
| | - Qi Li
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Esteban-Fernández A, Zorraquín-Peña I, González de Llano D, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. The role of wine and food polyphenols in oral health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Sun L, Liu D, Sun J, Yang X, Fu M, Guo Y. Simultaneous separation and purification of chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, hyperoside and phlorizin from thinned young Qinguan apples by successive use of polyethylene and polyamide resins. Food Chem 2017; 230:362-371. [PMID: 28407923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The method for separating and purifying chlorogenic acid (CA), epicatechin (EC), hyperoside (HY) and phlorizin (PH) simutaneously from young Qinguan apples by successive use of X-5 and polyamide resins has been developed in this study. The order of adsorption capacities of X-5 for the four phenolics was PH>HY>EC>CA, and the adsorption equilibriums of the four phenolics onto X-5 resin conformed to Langmuir isotherms preferentially. The adsorption kinetics of EC and CA onto X-5 conformed to the pseudo-first-order model, while that of HY and PH accorded with the pseudo-second-order model. Interestingly, the values of equilibrium adsorption capacities (Qe) calculated in the preferential kinetics models were closer to that of theoretical maximum adsorption capacities (Q0) calculated by Langmuir isotherms. Through dynamic adsorption and desorption using X-5 and polyamide resins with ethanol solution as strippant, CA, EC, HY and PH were obtained with purities of 96.21%, 95.34%, 95.36% and 97.36%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Centre of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China; Centre for Nutrition and Food Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Dongjie Liu
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- Centre of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Centre of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Minghai Fu
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Yurong Guo
- Centre of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
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Anti-caries activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on Terminalia laxiflora. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abdalla SL, Costa SS, Gioso MA, Casanova LM, Coutinho MA, Silva MFA, Botelho MCDS, Dias RS. Efficacy of a Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri extract to control bacterial biofilms and dental calculus in dogs. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: An aqueous leaf extract of the medicinal species Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri (here denominated KGB) has been found to be effective as an antimicrobial agent against canine oral cavity bacteria in in vitro assays. In this study, we investigated the effect of topic oral administration of KGB on the development of dental biofilm in Beagle dogs. The experiments were performed with an experimental group (0.2% of KGB extract), a negative control group (0.9% of saline solution) and a positive control group (0.12% chlorhexidine). Each treatment was sprayed into the oral cavity daily for 28 days. Thirty Beagle dogs with similar characteristics and kept under the same management and diet were used. The measurement of dental plaque and calculus was performed using a computerized analytical method. The phenolic profile of KGB extract was analyzed by HPLC-DAD. KGB extract at 0.2% showed efficacy in controlling the formation of plaque compared to the negative control group, and dental calculus in relation to the negative and positive control groups. A significant difference was observed among these three groups. Peaks attributed to flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in the HPLC-DAD chromatogram of the KGB extract. The presence of these substances could be related to the activity observed. Our findings demonstrate that treatment with KGB is effective in controlling periodontal disease in dogs, providing new insights into the medicinal properties of this plant. KGB extract has a potential use as a supplemental agent in pharmaceutical products for the prevention of periodontal disease.
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Yin MH, Wang YT, Li Q, Lv GF. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by interleukin-1β. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4195-4200. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kato E, Kushibiki N, Inagaki Y, Kurokawa M, Kawabata J. Astilbe thunbergii reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in a type 2 diabetes rat model via pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibition by highly condensed procyanidins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1699-1705. [PMID: 28743229 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1353403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common global health problem. Prevention of this disease is an important task, and functional food supplements are considered an effective method. We found potent pancreatic α-amylase inhibition in Astilbe thunbergii root extract (AT) and confirmed that AT treatment in a T2DM rat model reduces post-starch administration blood glucose levels. Activity-guided isolation revealed procyanidin (AT-P) as the α-amylase inhibitory component with IC50 = 1.7 μg/mL against porcine pancreatic α-amylase. Structure analysis of AT-P revealed it is a B-type procyanidin comprised of four types of flavan-3-ols, some with a galloyl group, and catechin attached as the terminal unit. The abundant AT-P content and its comparable α-amylase inhibition to acarbose, the anti-diabetic medicine, suggest that AT is a promising food supplement for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kato
- a Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Natsuka Kushibiki
- a Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | | | | | - Jun Kawabata
- a Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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Antolak H, Czyzowska A, Kregiel D. Antibacterial and Antiadhesive Activities of Extracts from Edible Plants against Soft Drink Spoilage by Asaia spp. J Food Prot 2017; 80:25-34. [PMID: 28221885 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of ethanol extracts from five edible plant parts: cinnamon bark ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ), licorice root ( Glycyrrhiza radix ), nettle leaves ( Urtica dioica ), green tea leaves ( Camellia sinensis ), and elderberry flowers ( Sambucus nigra ). The chemical constituents of the extracts were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography plus mass spectrometry. Six strains of Asaia lannensis and Asaia bogorensis bacteria isolated from spoiled commercial fruit-flavored noncarbonated mineral water were used. Bacterial adhesion to polystyrene as an attachment substrate in culture media supplemented with 10% plant extract was evaluated using luminometric measurement of the ATP extracted from adhered cells. The viability of the adhered and planktonic cells was assessed using the plate count method, and the relative adhesion coefficient was calculated. All tested crude extracts contained flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and their derivatives), flavanols (catechin and derivatives), flavanones (glabrol, licorice glycoside A, and liquiritin), and phenolic acids (gallic, quinic, chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric, and ferulic). The culture medium with 10% elderberry extract provided the least favorable environment for all tested bacterial strains. Extracts from green tea, cinnamon, and licorice also had significant inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the tested bacterial strains. This research suggests that the addition of selected edible plant extracts could improve the microbial stability of noncarbonated soft drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Czyzowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Kim RW, Lee SY, Kim SG, Heo YR, Son MK. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract for mouthwash and denture cleaning solution. J Adv Prosthodont 2016; 8:172-80. [PMID: 27350850 PMCID: PMC4919486 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2016.8.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract for assessing whether Dendropanax morbifera Léveille can be used for the development of natural mouthwash and denture cleaning solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was obtained from branches of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille. The solvent fractions were acquired by fractionating Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol solvent. Paper disc test was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract and solvent fractions against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The analysis of antioxidant activity was carried out through DPPH radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract was analyzed through MTT assay using normal human oral keratinocytes. RESULTS Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and especially Candida albicans. The solvent fractions of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille showed strong antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in n-hexane and butanol solvent fraction, respectively. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract also showed outstanding antioxidant activity. Butanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvent fraction of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille tended to have increased antioxidant activity as the concentration increased. Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract showed high cell survival rate in cytotoxicity test. CONCLUSION Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract turned out to have antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytophilicity. Based on these results, it is expected that Dendropanax morbifera Léveille is applicable as an ingredient for natural mouthwash and denture cleanser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Woon Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Heo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyoung Son
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Ren Z, Chen L, Li J, Li Y. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans polysaccharide synthesis by molecules targeting glycosyltransferase activity. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:31095. [PMID: 27105419 PMCID: PMC4841093 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.31095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase (Gtf) is one of the crucial virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans, a major etiological pathogen of dental caries. All the available evidence indicates that extracellular polysaccharide, particularly glucans produced by S. mutans Gtfs, contribute to the cariogenicity of dental biofilms. Therefore, inhibition of Gtf activity and the consequential polysaccharide synthesis may impair the virulence of cariogenic biofilms, which could be an alternative strategy to prevent the biofilm-related disease. Up to now, many Gtf inhibitors have been recognized in natural products, which remain the major and largely unexplored source of Gtf inhibitors. These include catechin-based polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin oligomers, polymeric polyphenols, and some other plant-derived compounds. Metal ions, oxidizing agents, and some other synthetic compounds represent another source of Gtf inhibitors, with some novel molecules either discovered by structure-based virtual screening or synthesized based on key structures of known inhibitors as templates. Antibodies that inhibit one or more Gtfs have also been developed as topical agents. Although many agents have been shown to possess potent inhibitory activity against glucan synthesis by Gtfs, bacterial cell adherence, and caries development in animal models, much research remains to be performed to find out their mechanism of action, biological safety, cariostatic efficacies, and overall influence on the entire oral community. As a strategy to inhibit the virulence of cariogenic microbes rather than eradicate them from the microbial community, Gtf inhibition represents an approach of great potential to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; @scu.edu.cn; @scu.edu.cn
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Abachi S, Lee S, Rupasinghe HPV. Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Streptococcus Species by Phytochemicals. Molecules 2016; 21:E215. [PMID: 26901172 PMCID: PMC6273676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the antibacterial effects of phytochemicals of various medicinal plants against pathogenic and cariogenic streptococcal species. The information suggests that these phytochemicals have potential as alternatives to the classical antibiotics currently used for the treatment of streptococcal infections. The phytochemicals demonstrate direct bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects, such as: (i) prevention of bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces of the pharynx, skin, and teeth surface; (ii) inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and pH drop; (iii) reduction of biofilm and plaque formation; and (iv) cell surface hydrophobicity. Collectively, findings from numerous studies suggest that phytochemicals could be used as drugs for elimination of infections with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS PO Box 550, Canada.
| | - Song Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS PO Box 15000, Canada.
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Kim D, Hwang G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Singh AP, Vorsa N, Koo H. Cranberry Flavonoids Modulate Cariogenic Properties of Mixed-Species Biofilm through Exopolysaccharides-Matrix Disruption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145844. [PMID: 26713438 PMCID: PMC4699891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are essential virulence factors associated with the initiation of cariogenic biofilms. EPS forms the core of the biofilm matrix-scaffold, providing mechanical stability while facilitating the creation of localized acidic microenvironments. Cranberry flavonoids, such as A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) and myricetin, have been shown to inhibit the activity of Gtfs and EPS-mediated bacterial adhesion without killing the organisms. Here, we investigated whether a combination of cranberry flavonoids disrupts EPS accumulation and S. mutans survival using a mixed-species biofilm model under cariogenic conditions. We also assessed the impact of cranberry flavonoids on mechanical stability and the in situ pH at the biofilm-apatite interface. Topical application of an optimized combination of PACs oligomers (100-300 μM) with myricetin (2 mM) twice daily was used to simulate treatment regimen experienced clinically. Treatments with cranberry flavonoids effectively reduced the insoluble EPS content (>80% reduction vs. vehicle-control; p<0.001), while hindering S. mutans outgrowth within mixed-species biofilms. As a result, the 3D architecture of cranberry-treated biofilms was severely compromised, showing a defective EPS-matrix and failure to develop microcolonies on the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) surface. Furthermore, topical applications of cranberry flavonoids significantly weaken the mechanical stability of the biofilms; nearly 90% of the biofilm was removed from sHA surface after exposure to a shear stress of 0.449 N/m2 (vs. 36% removal in vehicle-treated biofilms). Importantly, in situ pH measurements in cranberry-treated biofilms showed significantly higher pH values (5.2 ± 0.1) at the biofilm-apatite interface vs. vehicle-treated biofilms (4.6 ± 0.1). Altogether, the data provide important insights on how cranberry flavonoids treatments modulate virulence properties by disrupting the biochemical and ecological changes associated with cariogenic biofilm development, which could lead to new alternative or adjunctive antibiofilm/anticaries chemotherapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ajay P. Singh
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bahramsoltani R, Sodagari HR, Farzaei MH, Abdolghaffari AH, Gooshe M, Rezaei N. The preventive and therapeutic potential of natural polyphenols on influenza. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 14:57-80. [PMID: 26567957 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae family. This virus is a major public health problems, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic choices inhibiting specific sequences of pathological process of influenza, developing more effective therapeutic options is an immediate challenge. In this paper, a comprehensively review of natural polyphenolic products used worldwide for the management of influenza infection is presented. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the natural polyphenols on influenza infection including suppressing virus replication cycle, viral hemagglutination, viral adhesion and penetration into the host cells, also intracellular transductional signaling pathways have been discussed in detail. Based on cellular, animal, and human evidence obtained from several studies, the current paper demonstrates that natural polyphenolic compounds possess potential effects on both prevention and treatment of influenza, which can be used as adjuvant therapy with conventional chemical drugs for the management of influenza and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Reza Sodagari
- b Young Researchers and Elite Club , Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,d Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- e Medicinal Plants Research Center , Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,f International Campus, ICTUMS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maziar Gooshe
- g Faculty of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- h Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,j Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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Molecule Targeting Glucosyltransferase Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and Virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:126-35. [PMID: 26482298 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00919-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental plaque biofilms are responsible for numerous chronic oral infections and cause a severe health burden. Many of these infections cannot be eliminated, as the bacteria in the biofilms are resistant to the host's immune defenses and antibiotics. There is a critical need to develop new strategies to control biofilm-based infections. Biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans is promoted by major virulence factors known as glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), which synthesize adhesive extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). The current study was designed to identify novel molecules that target Gtfs, thereby inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation and having the potential to prevent dental caries. Structure-based virtual screening of approximately 150,000 commercially available compounds against the crystal structure of the glucosyltransferase domain of the GtfC protein from S. mutans resulted in the identification of a quinoxaline derivative, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-{[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]imino}-1,4-dihydro-2-quinoxalinylidene)ethanamine, as a potential Gtf inhibitor. In vitro assays showed that the compound was capable of inhibiting EPS synthesis and biofilm formation in S. mutans by selectively antagonizing Gtfs instead of by killing the bacteria directly. Moreover, the in vivo anti-caries efficacy of the compound was evaluated in a rat model. We found that the compound significantly reduced the incidence and severity of smooth and sulcal-surface caries in vivo with a concomitant reduction in the percentage of S. mutans in the animals' dental plaque (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results represent the first description of a compound that targets Gtfs and that has the capacity to inhibit biofilm formation and the cariogenicity of S. mutans.
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Bactericidal effect of extracts and metabolites of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis causing dental plaque and periodontal inflammatory diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:6128-39. [PMID: 25856062 PMCID: PMC6272705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouth cavity hosts many types of anaerobic bacteria, including Streptococcusmutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which cause periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial potential of extracts of Robinia pseudoacacia and its different fractions, as well as some of its natural compounds against oral pathogens and a nonpathogenic reference bacteria, Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract and the solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) of R. pseudoacacia were evaluated against S.mutans, P. gingivalis and E. coliDH5α by standard micro-assay procedure using conventional sterile polystyrene microplates. The results showed that the crude extract was more active against P. gingivalis (100% growth inhibition) than against S. mutans (73% growth inhibition) at 1.8 mg/mL. The chloroform and hexane fractions were active against P. gingivalis, with 91 and 97% growth inhibition, respectively, at 0.2 mg/mL. None of seven natural compounds found in R. pseudoacacia exerted an antibacterial effect on P. gingivalis; however, fisetin and myricetin at 8 µg/mL inhibited the growth of S. mutans by 81% and 86%, respectively. The crude extract of R. pseudoacacia possesses bioactive compounds that could completely control the growth of P. gingivalis. The antibiotic activities of the hexane and chloroform fractions suggest that the active compounds are hydrophobic in nature. The results indicate the effectiveness of the plant in clinical applications for the treatment of dental plaque and periodontal inflammatory diseases and its potential use as disinfectant for various surgical and orthodontic appliances.
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Kalinowska M, Bielawska A, Lewandowska-Siwkiewicz H, Priebe W, Lewandowski W. Apples: content of phenolic compounds vs. variety, part of apple and cultivation model, extraction of phenolic compounds, biological properties. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:169-188. [PMID: 25282014 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Apples are among the most popular fruits in the world. They are rich in phenolic compounds, pectin, sugar, macro- and microelements. Applying different extraction techniques it is possible to isolate a particular group of compounds or individual chemicals and then test their biological properties. Many reports point to the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and many other beneficial effects of apple components that may have potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This paper summarizes and compiles information about apple phenolic compounds, their biological properties with particular emphasis on health-related aspects. The data are reviewed with regard to different apple varieties, part of apple, cultivation model and methods of extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kalinowska
- Division of Chemistry, Bialystok University of Technology, 29 Zamenhofa Str., 15-435 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Bielawska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 2B Mickiewicza Str., 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hanna Lewandowska-Siwkiewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, 16 Dorodna Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Division of Chemistry, Bialystok University of Technology, 29 Zamenhofa Str., 15-435 Bialystok, Poland
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Giacaman R, Contzen M, Yuri J, Muñoz-Sandoval C. Anticaries effect of an antioxidant-rich apple concentrate on enamel in an experimental biofilm-demineralization model. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:846-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Giacaman
- Cariology Unit; Department of Oral Rehabilitation; University of Talca; Talca Chile
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES); University of Talca; Talca Chile
| | - M.P. Contzen
- Cariology Unit; Department of Oral Rehabilitation; University of Talca; Talca Chile
| | - J.A. Yuri
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES); University of Talca; Talca Chile
- Centro de Pomáceas; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; University of Talca; Talca Chile
| | - C. Muñoz-Sandoval
- Cariology Unit; Department of Oral Rehabilitation; University of Talca; Talca Chile
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES); University of Talca; Talca Chile
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Tao X, Sun H, Chen J, Li L, Wang Y, Sun A. Analysis of Polyphenols in Apple Pomace using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Derivatization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.740645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Park HJ, Kim SY, Song NY, Cho JG, Kang JH, Jeong TS, Lee DY, Kim GS, Kim YB, Kang HC, Baek NI. Procyanidins from the stem wood of Machilus japonica and their inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:1403-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Feng G, Klein MI, Gregoire S, Singh AP, Vorsa N, Koo H. The specific degree-of-polymerization of A-type proanthocyanidin oligomers impacts Streptococcus mutans glucan-mediated adhesion and transcriptome responses within biofilms. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:629-640. [PMID: 23697791 PMCID: PMC3709465 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.794456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) have been recognized for their inhibitory activity against bacterial adhesion and biofilm-derived infections. However, the precise identification of the specific classes of degree-of-polymerization (DP) conferring PACs bioactivity remains a major challenge owing to the complex chemistry of these flavonoids. In this study, chemically characterized cranberries were used in a multistep separation and structure-determination technique to isolate A-type PAC oligomers of defined DP. The influences of PACs on the 3D architecture of biofilms and Streptococcus mutans-transcriptome responses within biofilms were investigated. Treatment regimens that simulated topical exposures experienced clinically (twice-daily, 60 s each) were used over a saliva-coated hydroxyapatite biofilm model. Biofilm accumulation was impaired, while specific genes involved in the adhesion of bacteria, acid stress tolerance, and glycolysis were affected by the topical treatments (vs the vehicle-control). Genes (rmpC, mepA, sdcBB, and gbpC) associated with sucrose-dependent binding of bacteria were repressed by PACs. PACs of DP 4 and particularly DP 8 to 13 were the most effective in disrupting bacterial adhesion to glucan-coated apatitic surface (>85% inhibition vs vehicle control), and gene expression (eg rmpC). This study identified putative molecular targets of A-type cranberry PACs in S. mutans while demonstrating that PAC oligomers with a specific DP may be effective in disrupting the assembly of cariogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Feng
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Marlise I. Klein
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Stacy Gregoire
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ajay P. Singh
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, United States
| | - Hyun Koo
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Yao N, He RR, Zeng XH, Huang XJ, Du TL, Cui JC, Hiroshi K. Hypotriglyceridemic effects of apple polyphenols extract via up-regulation of lipoprotein lipase in triton WR-1339-induced mice. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 20:31-5. [PMID: 23001493 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of apple polyphenols extract (APE) in Triton WR-1339-induced endogenous hyperlipidemic model. METHODS Firstly, APE was isolated and purified from the pomace of Red Fuji Apple and contents of individual polyphenols in APE were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Secondly, forty male National Institude of Health (NIH) mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. The Fenofibrate Capsules (FC) group and APE groups received oral administration of respective drugs for 7 consecutive days. All mice except those in the normal group were intravenously injected through tail vein with Triton WR-1339 on the 6th day. Serum and livers from all the mice were obtained 18 h after the injection. The changes in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) were measured by respective kits. Finally, expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS SERUM TC AND TG LEVELS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN TRITON WR-1339-INDUCED MODEL GROUP COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP (P<0.01). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY REDUCED THE SERUM LEVEL OF TG IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.01). SERUM LPL AND HTGL ACTIVITIES SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN TRITON WR-1339-INDUCED MODEL GROUP COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP (P<0.05). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED THE SERUM ACTIVITY OF LPL IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.05 OR P<0.01). FURTHERMORE, COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL GROUP, HEPATIC MRNA LEVEL OF PPARα IN THE MODEL GROUP SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED (P<0.01). ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF APE [200 AND 400 MG/(KG DAY)] DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED THE EXPRESSION OF PPARα IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MICE (P<0.05 OR P<0.01): CONCLUSION APE could reduce TG level via up-regulation of LPL activity, which provides new evidence to elucidate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of APE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510095, China
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Yue T, Shao D, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Qiang C. Ultrasound-assisted extraction, HPLC analysis, and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from unripe apple. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2138-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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Pingret D, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Bourvellec CL, Renard CM, Chemat F. Lab and pilot-scale ultrasound-assisted water extraction of polyphenols from apple pomace. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aini H, Ochi H, Iwata M, Okawa A, Koga D, Okazaki M, Sano A, Asou Y. Procyanidin B3 prevents articular cartilage degeneration and heterotopic cartilage formation in a mouse surgical osteoarthritis model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37728. [PMID: 22629448 PMCID: PMC3358274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease in the elderly due to an imbalance in cartilage degradation and synthesis. Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs when ectopic masses of endochondral bone form within the soft tissues around the joints and is triggered by inflammation of the soft tissues. Procyanidin B3 (B3) is a procyanidin dimer that is widely studied due to its high abundance in the human diet and antioxidant activity. Here, we evaluated the role of B3 isolated from grape seeds in the maintenance of chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. We observed that B3 inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in primary chondrocytes, suppressed H(2)O(2)- or IL-1ß-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production, and prevented IL-1ß-induced suppression of chondrocyte differentiation marker gene expression in primary chondrocytes. Moreover, B3 treatment enhanced the early differentiation of ATDC5 cells. To examine whether B3 prevents cartilage destruction in vivo, OA was surgically induced in C57BL/6J mice followed by oral administration of B3 or vehicle control. Daily oral B3 administration protected articular cartilage from OA and prevented chondrocyte apoptosis in surgically-induced OA joints. Furthermore, B3 administration prevented heterotopic cartilage formation near the surgical region. iNOS protein expression was enhanced in the synovial tissues and the pseudocapsule around the surgical region in OA mice fed a control diet, but was reduced in mice that received B3. Together, these data indicated that in the OA model, B3 prevented OA progression and heterotopic cartilage formation, at least in a part through the suppression of iNOS. These results support the potential therapeutic benefits of B3 for treatment of human OA and heterotopic ossification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biflavonoids/pharmacology
- Biflavonoids/therapeutic use
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Catechin/therapeutic use
- Cell Differentiation
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Knee Joint/drug effects
- Knee Joint/metabolism
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism
- Ossification, Heterotopic/drug therapy
- Ossification, Heterotopic/pathology
- Ossification, Heterotopic/prevention & control
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/etiology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology
- Proanthocyanidins/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailati Aini
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munetaka Iwata
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Okazaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sano
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Brighenti FL, Gaetti-Jardim E, Danelon M, Evangelista GV, Delbem ACB. Effect of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract on enamel demineralisation and dental biofilm composition in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1034-40. [PMID: 22386130 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous evaluations of Psidium cattleianum leaf extract were not done in conditions similar to the oral environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. cattleianum leaf extract on enamel demineralisation, extracellular polysaccharide formation, and the microbial composition of dental biofilms formed in situ. DESIGN Ten volunteers took part in this crossover study. They wore palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks for 14 days. Each volunteer dripped 20% sucrose 8 times per day on the enamel blocks. Twice a day, deionised water (negative control), extract, or a commercial mouthwash (active control) was dripped after sucrose application. On the 12th and 13th days of the experiment, plaque acidogenicity was measured with a microelectrode, and the pH drop was calculated. On the 14th day, biofilms were harvested and total anaerobic microorganisms (TM), total streptococci (TS), mutans streptococci (MS), and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were evaluated. Enamel demineralisation was evaluated by the percentage change of surface microhardness (%ΔSMH) and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The researcher was blinded to the treatments during data collection. RESULTS The extract group showed lower TM, TS, MS, EPS, %ΔSMH, and ΔKHN values than the negative control group. There were no differences between the active and negative control groups regarding MS and EPS levels. There were no differences in pH drop between the extract and active control groups, although they were significantly different from the negative control group. For all other parameters, the extract differed from the active control group. CONCLUSION Psidium cattleianum leaf extract exhibits a potential anticariogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, R: José Bonifácio 1193, CEP: 16015-050, Araçatuba-SP, Brazil
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Spratt DA, Daglia M, Papetti A, Stauder M, O'Donnell D, Ciric L, Tymon A, Repetto B, Signoretto C, Houri-Haddad Y, Feldman M, Steinberg D, Lawton S, Lingström P, Pratten J, Zaura E, Gazzani G, Pruzzo C, Wilson M. Evaluation of plant and fungal extracts for their potential antigingivitis and anticaries activity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:510198. [PMID: 22500094 PMCID: PMC3303561 DOI: 10.1155/2012/510198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between diet and health has lead to the promotion of functional foods which can enhance health. In this study, the oral health benefits of a number of food homogenates and high molecular mass and low molecular mass fractions were investigated. A comprehensive range of assays were performed to assess the action of these foods on the development of gingivitis and caries using bacterial species associated with these diseases. Both antigingivitis and anticaries effects were investigated by assays examining the prevention of biofilm formation and coaggregation, disruption of preexisting biofilms, and the foods' antibacterial effects. Assays investigating interactions with gingival epithelial cells and cytokine production were carried out to assess the foods' anti- gingivitis properties. Anti-caries properties such as interactions with hydroxyapatite, disruption of signal transduction, and the inhibition of acid production were investigated. The mushroom and chicory homogenates and low molecular mass fractions show promise as anti-caries and anti-gingivitis agents, and further testing and clinical trials will need to be performed to evaluate their true effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Spratt
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
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Inhibitory effects of the phenolic fraction from the pomace of Vitis coignetiae on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:711-9. [PMID: 22284343 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The anti-cariogenic properties of the phenolic fraction from the pomace of Vitis coignetiae (VcPP) were evaluated by in vitro assays and compared with fruit juices from V. coignetiae and common grapes and with other phenolic fractions. The effects of VcPP against the biofilm of Streptococcus mutans were investigated. DESIGN Sucrose-dependent biofilm formation by S. mutans cultured in the presence of VcPP was measured by crystal violet dye uptake. Inhibition of adhesion to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) beads was quantified using fluorescent-labelled cells. The MIC for S. mutans was determined by colony counting on agar plates containing VcPP. The ability of VcPP to inhibit glucan synthesis by three distinct recombinant glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) was assessed by quantifying the production of water-soluble and -insoluble polysaccharides in bacterial cultures. In addition, the buffering effect of VcPP in cultures of S. mutans was evaluated. RESULTS VcPP reduced adhesion of S. mutans to sHA and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. The MIC of VcPP was 7.50mg/ml. VcPP inhibited GtfB activity associated with the synthesis of water-insoluble glucans. It also inhibited GtfD activity associated with the synthesis of water-soluble glucans at a concentration which was lower than that used for inhibition of GtfB. VcPP had no effect on acidification associated with glucose utilization by S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The current study supports the potential of VcPP as a food additive for reducing caries by inhibiting adhesion to the tooth surface and GtfD-mediated soluble glucan synthesis.
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Gazzani G, Daglia M, Papetti A. Food components with anticaries activity. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:153-9. [PMID: 22030309 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Caries is the most common oral infectious disease in the world. Its development is influenced also by diet components that interfere with pathogen mutans group Streptococci (MGS) activity. A very active research to identify functional foods and their components that are generally recognised as safe has been ongoing, with the aim of developing alternative approaches, to the use of synthetic chlorhexidine, and at the reduction or prevention of caries. Until now convincing evidence exists only for green tea as a functional food for oral health, partly owing to its high content of catechins, especially epigallocatechin-gallate. A number of other foods showed potential anticaries activity. Some other foods able to act against MGS growth and/or their virulence factors in in vitro tests are: apple, red grape seeds, red wine (proanthocyanidins), nutmeg (macelignan), ajowan caraway (nafthalen-derivative), coffee (trigonelline, nicotinic and chlorogenic acids, melanoidins), barley coffee (melanoidins), chicory and mushroom (quinic acid). In vivo anticaries activity has been shown by cranberry (procyanidins), glycyrrhiza root (glycyrrhizol-A), myrtus ethanolic extract, garlic aqueous extract, cocoa extracts (procyanidins), and propolis (apigenin, tt-farnesol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gazzani
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pavia University, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Raja AF, Ali F, Khan IA, Shawl AS, Arora DS. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA); targeting oral cavity pathogens. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:406. [PMID: 21992439 PMCID: PMC3201914 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boswellic acids mixture of triterpenic acids obtained from the oleo gum resin of Boswellia serrata and known for its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease including peritumor edema. Boswellic acids have been extensively studied for a number of activities including anti inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study describes the antimicrobial activities of boswellic acid molecules against oral cavity pathogens. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), which exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity, was further evaluated in time kill studies, mutation prevention frequency, postantibiotic effect (PAE) and biofilm susceptibility assay against oral cavity pathogens. FINDINGS AKBA exhibited an inhibitory effect on all the oral cavity pathogens tested (MIC of 2-4 μg/ml). It exhibited concentration dependent killing of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 up to 8 × MIC and also prevented the emergence of mutants of S.mutans ATCC 25175 at 8× MIC. AKBA demonstrated postantibiotic effect (PAE) of 5.7 ± 0.1 h at 2 × MIC. Furthermore, AKBA inhibited the formation of biofilms generated by S.mutans and Actinomyces viscosus and also reduced the preformed biofilms by these bacteria. CONCLUSIONS AKBA can be useful compound for the development of antibacterial agent against oral pathogens and it has great potential for use in mouthwash for preventing and treating oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsaba F Raja
- Microbiology Unit, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Furqan Ali
- Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Inshad A Khan
- Clinical Microbiology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Abdul S Shawl
- Microbiology Unit, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Sanatnagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Daljit S Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjab, 143005, India
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Yang L, Huang JM, Zu YG, Ma CH, Wang H, Sun XW, Sun Z. Preparation and radical scavenging activities of polymeric procyanidins nanoparticles by a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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