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Xu R, Bi Y, He X, Zhang Y, Zhao X. Kidney-tonifying blood-activating decoction delays ventricular remodeling in rats with chronic heart failure by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p65 nuclear factor kappa-B/aquaporin-4 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118110. [PMID: 38580189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial infarction has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of heart failure(HF).As a result of ventricular remodeling and reduced cardiac function, colonic blood flow decreases, causing mucosal ischemia and hypoxia of the villous structure of the intestinal wall.This damage in gut barrier function increases bowel wall permeability, leading to fluid metabolism disorder,gut microbial dysbiosis, increased gut bacteria translocation into the circulatory system and increased circulating endotoxins, thus promoting a typical inflammatory state.Traditional Chinese Medicine plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of HF.Kidney-tonifying Blood-activating(KTBA) decoction has been proved for clinical treatment of chronic HF.However,the mechanism of KTBA decoction on chronic HF is still unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY The effect of KTBA decoction on gut microbiota and metabolites and p38MAPK/p65NF-κB/AQP4 signaling in rat colon was studied to investigate the mechanism that KTBA decoction delays ventricular remodeling and regulates water metabolism disorder in rats with HF after myocardial infarction based on the theory of "Kidney Storing Essence and Conducting Water". MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo,a rat model of HF after myocardial infarction was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with exhaustive swimming and starvation.The successful modeling rats were randomly divided into five groups:model group, tolvaptan group(gavaged 1.35mg/(kg•D) tolvaptan),KTBA decoction group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction),KTBA decoction combined with SB203580(p38MAPK inhibitor) group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction and intraperitoneally injected 1.5mg/(kg•D) of SB203580),and KTBA decoction combined with PDTC(p65NF-kB inhibitor) group(gavaged 15.75g/(kg•D) of KTBA decoction and intraperitoneally injected 120mg/(kg•D) of PDTC).The sham-operation group and model group were gavaged equal volume of normal saline.After 4 weeks of intervention with KTBA decoction,the effect of KTBA decoction on the cardiac structure and function of chronic HF model rats was observed by ultrasonic cardiogram.General state and cardiac index in rats were evaluated.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration in rat serum.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining,and transmission electron microscope(TEM) were used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of myocardial and colonic tissue,and myocardial fibrosis was measured by Masson's staining.Cardiac E-cadherin level was detected by Western blot.The mRNA expression and protein expression levels of p38MAPK,I-κBα, p65NF-κB,AQP4,Occludin and ZO-1 in colonic tissue were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK,I-κBα,p-I-κBα,p65NF-κB, p-p65NF-κB,AQP4,Occludin and ZO-1 in rat colon was detected using Western blot.Colonic microbiota and serum metabolites were respectively analyzed by amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.In vitro, CCD-841CoN cell was placed in the ischemic solution under hypoxic conditions (94%N2,5%CO2,and 1%O2) in a 37 °C incubator to establish an ischemia and hypoxia model.The CCD-841CoN cells were divided into 7 groups, namely blank group and model group with normal rat serum plus control siRNA, tolvaptan group with rat serum containing tolvaptan plus control siRNA, KTBA group with rat serum containing KTBA plus control siRNA, KTBA plus p38MAPK siRNA group, KTBA plus p65NF-κB siRNA group,and KTBA plus AQP4siRNA group.After 24h and 48h of intervention with KTBA decoction,RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to detect the mRNA expression and protein expression levels of p38MAPK,I-κBα,p65NF-κB,AQP4, Occludin and ZO-1 in CCD-841CoN cells. RESULTS Compared with the model, KTBA decoction improved the general state, decraesed the serum NT-proBNP level,HW/BW ratio, LVIDd and LVIDs, increased E-cadherin level,EF and FS,reduced number of collagen fibers deposited in the myocardial interstitium,and recovered irregular arrangement of myofibril and swollen or vacuolated mitochondria with broken crista in myocardium.Moreover, KTBA decoction inhibited the expression of p38MAPK,I-κBα,and p65NF-κB and upregulated AQP4, Occludin and ZO-1 in colon tissues and CCD-841CoN cells.Additionally,p38siRNA or SB203580, p65siRNA or PDTC, and AQP4siRNA partially weakened the protective effects of KTBA in vitro and vivo.Notably,The LEfSe analysis results showed that there were six gut biomaker bacteria in model group, including Allobaculum, Bacillales,Turicibacter, Turicibacterales,Turicibacteraceae,and Bacilli. Besides, three gut biomaker bacteria containing Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae,and Desulfovibrionales were enriched by KTBA treatment in chronic HF model.There were five differential metabolites, including L-Leucine,Pelargonic acid, Capsidiol,beta-Carotene,and L- Erythrulose, which can be regulated back in the same changed metabolic routes by the intervention of KTBA.L-Leucine had the positive correlation with Bacillales, Turicibacterales,Turicibacteraceae,and Turicibacter.L-Leucine significantly impacts Protein digestion and absorption, Mineral absorption,and Central carbon metabolism in cancer regulated by KTBA, which is involved in the expression of MAPK and tight junction in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS KTBA decoction manipulates the expression of several key proteins in the p38MAPK/p65NF-κB/AQP4 signaling pathway, modulates gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improves gut barrier function, delays cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis,and improves cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang,Liaoning 110847,China
| | - Yanping Bi
- Jilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Jilin,Jilin 132000,China
| | - Xiaoteng He
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang,Liaoning 110847,China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
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Riley CM, Elwood JML, Henry MC, Hunter I, Daniel Lopez-Fernandez J, McEwan IJ, Jamieson C. Current and emerging approaches to noncompetitive AR inhibition. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1701-1747. [PMID: 37062876 DOI: 10.1002/med.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) has been shown to be a key determinant in the pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The current standard of care therapies targets the ligand-binding domain of the receptor and can afford improvements to life expectancy often only in the order of months before resistance occurs. Emerging preclinical and clinical compounds that inhibit receptor activity via differentiated mechanisms of action which are orthogonal to current antiandrogens show promise for overcoming treatment resistance. In this review, we present an authoritative summary of molecules that noncompetitively target the AR. Emerging small molecule strategies for targeting alternative domains of the AR represent a promising area of research that shows significant potential for future therapies. The overall quality of lead candidates in the area of noncompetitive AR inhibition is discussed, and it identifies the key chemotypes and associated properties which are likely to be, or are currently, positioned to be first in human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Riley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jessica M L Elwood
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martyn C Henry
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Irene Hunter
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Iain J McEwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030493. [PMID: 35326143 PMCID: PMC8944741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived (phyto) carbazole alkaloids are an important class of compounds, presented in the family of Rutaceae (Genera Murraya, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum and Zanthoxylum). Due to several significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-HIV and neuroprotective activities of the parent skeleton (3-methylcarbazole), carbazole alkaloids are recognized as an important class of potential therapeutic agents. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may exhibit a vast range of conditions, affecting neurons primarily and leading ultimately to the progressive losses of normal motor and cognitive functions. The main pathophysiological indicators of NDs comprise increasing atypical protein folding, oxidative stresses, mitochondrial dysfunctions, deranged neurotransmissions and neuronal losses. Phyto-carbazole alkaloids can be investigated for exerting multitarget approaches to ameliorating NDs. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of phyto-carbazole alkaloids from the Rutaceae family in ameliorating NDs.
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Eumkeb G, Hengpratom T, Kupittayanant S, Churproong S. Lipid-lowering effect of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz extract in hyperlipidemic mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.340559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nutritive Importance and Therapeutics Uses of Three Different Varieties ( Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, and Clausena indica) of Curry Leaves: An Updated Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5523252. [PMID: 34754314 PMCID: PMC8572594 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii), Micromelum minutum (M. minutum), and Clausena indica (C. indica) are three varieties of curry leaves in the family Rutaceae. They have been widely used in Ayurvedic medicine worldwide in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Earlier findings provide strong evidence to support the three curry leaf species' potent pharmaceutical and biological effects, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Various parts of these plants, such as leaves, seeds, flowers, and fruit, contain constituents responsible for the modulation of numerous biological processes. Leading constituents of curry leaves play a crucial role in diabetic and anticancer management by regulating various molecular pathways, including Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB, and TNFα, according to in vitro and in vivo models established. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on research achievements made in terms of phytoconstituents, their structures, biological activities, and pharmacological actions with clinical studies of curry leaves up to date. The review also emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive research studies on the pharmacological actions and the mechanisms of selected phytochemicals of M. koenigii, M. minutum, and C. indica to validate their efficacy as potent herbal remedies for many ailments.
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Epigenetic Pathways in Cancer: A Review on Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Quinones, and Isothiocyanates. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113714. [PMID: 34835969 PMCID: PMC8621755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex and systemic diseases affecting the health of mankind, causing major deaths with a significant increase. This pathology is caused by several risk factors, of which genetic disturbances constitute the major elements, which not only initiate tumor transformation but also epigenetic disturbances which are linked to it and which can induce transcriptional instability. Indeed, the involvement of epigenetic disturbances in cancer has been the subject of correlations today, in addition to the use of drugs that operate specifically on different epigenetic pathways. Natural molecules, especially those isolated from medicinal plants, have shown anticancer effects linked to mechanisms of action. The objective of this review is to explore the anticancer effects of alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, and isothiocyanates.
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Phytochemical screening, total polyphenol, flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Sri Lankan varieties of Murraya koenigii and Micromelum minutum leaves. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07449. [PMID: 34286127 PMCID: PMC8273414 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of plant materials in traditional medicine as a significant ingredient in synthesizing drugs in the form of decoctions had played a vital role due to their potential therapeutic action. The curry leaves, Murraya koenigii, and Micromelum minutum are two most common aromatic herbs widespread in Sri Lanka and many other Asian countries. They are rich in nutrition and exert several medicinal properties such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic due to various essential phytochemicals, minerals, and trace minerals. In this study, we determined the proximate composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenol (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antibacterial activity in both species using standard methods. Results showed that both species varied greatly in nutritional composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The nutrient composition in terms of ash, crude protein, and fat was significantly high in M. koenigii based on dry weight basis. In vitro antioxidant potential of M. koenigii and M. minutum was evaluated by means of the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 values of M. koenigii and M. minutum were 107 ± 2 μg/mL and 208 ± 4 μg/mL, respectively. The TPC and TFC of M. koenigii were 101 ± 1 mg GAE/g and 9.75 ± 0.05 mg QE/g, and M. minutum were 80 ± 2 mg GAE/g and 9.16 ± 0.02 mg QE/g respectively. The antibacterial study was assessed against three bacterial strains. The study showed the highest inhibitory activity for M. koenigii and M. minutum against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The study indicated that M. koenigii possessed a significantly high TPC, and TFC correlated with higher antibacterial and antioxidant activity than M. minutum.
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Maimaiti A, Jing-Jing L, Shi L. Investigating the acute and sub-acute toxicity of medicinal Cuscuta chinensis Lam plant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:114005. [PMID: 33705922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Convolvulaceae) had received growing attention as a traditional medicinal herb widely used for treating female impotence, abortion, male reproductive system disease and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the acute and sub-acute toxicities of C. chinensis water extract (CLW) in the ICR mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various doses of CLW (1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg) were administered consecutively for 14 days to evaluate the acute toxicity level with examine mortality, general behavior, body weight, food and water intake of the mice. At the end of treatmet, macroscopic observation of the skin and major internal organs in the abdominal part and organ coefficients were taken. The same doses were administered daily for 28 days to determine the sub-acute toxicity level with examine mortality, general behavior, body weight, food and water intake of the mice. At the end of treatmet, macroscopical examination of organs, tissues, cavities, organ coefficients, pathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were carried out. RESULTS The acute toxicity test results revealed an LD 50 of over 5000 mg/kg for CLW. Similarly, no CLW-related mortality and severe toxicities were experienced in the sub-acute study. However, the treatment of CLW had a reducing effect on body weight of both male and female mice, and feed intake in female mice at the all tested doses (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Moreover, significant effects in organ coefficients of brain, liver, lung, testis and thymus became apparent due to CLW mainly at the 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. The hematological analysis result showed a significant decrease in platelets, lymphocytes, and hematocrit. In contrast, a significant increase in the neutrophils was observed in the CLW treated groups (2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Biochemical test results showed a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels while decreasing albumin, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels after treatment of CLW mostly at the doses of 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. Mild liver toxicity in both sexes treated with 5000 mg/kg of CLW was recorded in the histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggested that CLW is safe at its dose lower than 1250 mg/kg, although liver toxicity from daily use may be a matter of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikebaier Maimaiti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li Jing-Jing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Linsen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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A Review on the Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plant Sonapatha, Oroxylum indicum. SINUSITIS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sinusitis5010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum, Sonapatha is traditionally used to treat asthma, biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, fevers, vomiting, inflammation, leukoderma, skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, wound injury, and deworm intestine. This review has been written by collecting the relevant information from published material on various ethnomedicinal and pharmacological aspects of Sonapatha by making an internet, PubMed, SciFinder, Science direct, and Google Scholar search. Various experimental studies have shown that Sonapatha scavenges different free radicals and possesses alkaloids, flavonoids, cardio glycosides, tannins, sterols, phenols, saponins, and other phytochemicals. Numerous active principles including oroxylin A, chrysin, scutellarin, baicalein, and many more have been isolated from the different parts of Sonapatha. Sonapatha acts against microbial infection, cancer, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and diabetic disorders. It is useful in the treatment of obesity and wound healing in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Sonapatha elevates glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels and reduces aspartate transaminase alanine aminotransaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation levels in various tissues. Sonapatha activates the expression of p53, pRb, Fas, FasL, IL-12, and caspases and inhibited nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL6), P38 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), glucose transporter (GLUT4), leptin, and HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7 at the molecular level, which may be responsible for its medicinal properties. The phytoconstituents of Sonapatha including oroxylin A, chrysin, and baicalein inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in in vitro and in vivo experimental models, indicating its potential to contain COVID-19 infection in humans. The experimental studies in various preclinical models validate the use of Sonapatha in ethnomedicine and Ayurveda.
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Polley A, Varalaxmi K, Nandi A, Jana R. Divergent Total Synthesis of (±)‐Mahanine and Other Carbazole Alkaloids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Polley
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kolkata 700032 West Bengal (India
| | - Kasarla Varalaxmi
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata 700054 West Bengal India
| | - Arijit Nandi
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kolkata 700032 West Bengal (India
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Dej-adisai S, Phoopha S, Wattanapiromsakul C, Pitakbut T. Chemical constituents of Litsea elliptica and their alpha-glucosidase inhibition with molecular docking. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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The Biological Activity of Natural Alkaloids against Herbivores, Cancerous Cells and Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110656. [PMID: 31717922 PMCID: PMC6891610 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of microorganisms that resist antimicrobials is a constant concern for the scientific community, while the development of new antimicrobials from new chemical entities has become more and more expensive, time-consuming, and exacerbated by emerging drug-resistant strains. In this regard, many scientists are conducting research on plants aiming to discover possible antimicrobial compounds. The secondary metabolites contained in plants are a source of chemical entities having pharmacological activities and intended to be used for the treatment of different diseases. These chemical entities have the potential to be used as an effective antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agents. Among these pharmacologically active entities are the alkaloids which are classified into a number of classes, including pyrrolizidines, pyrrolidines, quinolizidines, indoles, tropanes, piperidines, purines, imidazoles, and isoquinolines. Alkaloids that have antioxidant properties are capable of preventing a variety of degenerative diseases through capturing free radicals, or through binding to catalysts involved indifferent oxidation processes occurring within the human body. Furthermore, these entities are capable of inhibiting the activity of bacteria, fungi, protozoan and etc. The unique properties of these secondary metabolites are the main reason for their utilization by the pharmaceutical companies for the treatment of different diseases. Generally, these alkaloids are extracted from plants, animals and fungi. Penicillin is the most famous natural drug discovery deriving from fungus. Similarly, marines have been used as a source for thousands of bioactive marine natural products. In this review, we cover the medical use of natural alkaloids isolated from a variety of plants and utilized by humans as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer agents. An example for such alkaloids is berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, found in roots and stem-bark of Berberis asculin P. Renault plant and used to kill a variety of microorganisms.
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Noureen S, Noreen S, Ghumman SA, Batool F, Bukhari SNA. The genus Cuscuta (Convolvolaceac): An updated review on indigenous uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1225-1252. [PMID: 32128087 PMCID: PMC7038433 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.35296.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder, is a genus of family convolvolaceace. Approximately 170 species of Cuscuta are extensively distributed in temperate and subtropical areas of the world. Species of this genus are widely used as essential constituents in functional foods and traditional medicinal systems. Various parts of many members of Cuscuta have been found efficacious against a variety of diseases. Phytochemical investigations have confirmed presence of biologically active moieties such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, saponines, phenolics, tannins, and fatty acids. Pharmacological studies and traditional uses of these plants have proved that they are effective antibacterial, antioxidant, antiostioporotic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antipyretic, antihypertensive, analgesic, anti hair fall, and antisteriogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Noureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka2014, Saudi Arabia
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Elshan NGRD, Rettig MB, Jung ME. Molecules targeting the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis beyond the AR-Ligand binding domain. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:910-960. [PMID: 30565725 PMCID: PMC6608750 DOI: 10.1002/med.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the United States. The androgen receptor (AR) and the physiological pathways it regulates are central to the initiation and progression of PCa. As a member of the nuclear steroid receptor family, it is a transcription factor with three distinct functional domains (ligand-binding domain [LBD], DNA-binding domain [DBD], and transactivation domain [TAD]) in its structure. All clinically approved drugs for PCa ultimately target the AR-LBD. Clinically active drugs that target the DBD and TAD have not yet been developed due to multiple factors. Despite these limitations, the last several years have seen a rise in the discovery of molecules that could successfully target these domains. This review aims to present and comprehensively discuss such molecules that affect AR signaling through direct or indirect interactions with the AR-TAD or the DBD. The compounds discussed here include hairpin polyamides, niclosamide, marine sponge-derived small molecules (eg, EPI compounds), mahanine, VPC compounds, JN compounds, and bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitors. We highlight the significant in vitro and in vivo data found for each compound and the apparent limitations and/or potential for further development of these agents as PCa therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew B. Rettig
- . Division of Hematology/Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System West LA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- . Departments of Medicine and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael E. Jung
- . Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Link between Diet and DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124055. [PMID: 30558203 PMCID: PMC6320837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a vital modification process in the control of genetic information, which contributes to the epigenetics by regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Abnormal DNA methylation—both hypomethylation and hypermethylation—has been associated with improper gene expression, leading to several disorders. Two types of risk factors can alter the epigenetic regulation of methylation pathways: genetic factors and modifiable factors. Nutrition is one of the strongest modifiable factors, which plays a direct role in DNA methylation pathways. Large numbers of studies have investigated the effects of nutrition on DNA methylation pathways, but relatively few have focused on the biochemical mechanisms. Understanding the biological mechanisms is essential for clarifying how nutrients function in epigenetics. It is believed that nutrition affects the epigenetic regulations of DNA methylation in several possible epigenetic pathways: mainly, by altering the substrates and cofactors that are necessary for proper DNA methylation; additionally, by changing the activity of enzymes regulating the one-carbon cycle; and, lastly, through there being an epigenetic role in several possible mechanisms related to DNA demethylation activity. The aim of this article is to review the potential underlying biochemical mechanisms that are related to diet modifications in DNA methylation and demethylation.
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16
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Chen M, Yin X, Lu C, Chen X, Ba H, Cai J, Sun J. Mahanine induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell migration, invasion and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in glioma cells and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:1-7. [PMID: 30468732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are among the most frequent types of primary malignancies in the central nervous system. The main treatment for glioma includes surgical resection followed by a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the availability of several treatments, the average survival for patients with glioma at advanced stages still remains 16 months only. Therefore, there is an urgent need to look for novel and more efficient drug candidates for the treatment of glioma. In the current study the anticancer activity of Mahanine was evaluated against a panel of glioma cells. The results revealed that Mahanine exerted significant anticancer effects on the glioma HS 683 cells with an IC50 of 7.5 μM. However, the cytotoxic effects were less pronounced on the normal human astrocytes. Further the results showed that the anticancer effects were mainly due to induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Western blotting showed that Mahanine caused upregulation of Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase 3 and 9 and cleaved PARP. However, the expression of cell cycle related proteins pCdc25c, Cdc25c, pCdc2, Cdc2 and cyclin B1 was significantly downregulated. The effect of Mahanine on the migration and invasion of HS 683 cells was also determined and results indicated that Mahanine inhibited the cell migration and invasion at IC50. Additionally, Mahanine-inhibited cell growth was simultaneous with suppression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR. Taken together these results indicate that Mahanine may prove to be an important lead molecule for the treatment of glioma and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiangqian Yin
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Huangpi People's Hospital, 430300 , Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiandong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Huajun Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianyong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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17
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Suthiphasilp V, Maneerat W, Andersen RJ, Pyne SG, Muanprasat C, Seemakhan S, Borwornpinyo S, Laphookhieo S. Coumarins and flavones from the fruit and root extracts of Micromelum integerrimum. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2945-2950. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1510400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virayu Suthiphasilp
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
| | - Wisanu Maneerat
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawinee Seemakhan
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
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18
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Li X, Han Y, Zhu X, Xia Y, Wei W, Li M, Liang Y. Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Annulation of Propargylic Alcohols with (
Z
)‐2‐Styryl‐1
H
‐Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Ping Han
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wan‐Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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19
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Saleem S, Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Bukhari SNA. A comprehensive review of phytochemical profile, bioactives for pharmaceuticals, and pharmacological attributes of Azadirachta indica. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1241-1272. [PMID: 29671907 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica L. is a multipurpose medicinal tree of family Meliaceae. It occurs in tropical and semitropical regions of the world. Different parts of this miraculous tree are used to treat pyrexia, headache, ulcer, respiratory disorders, cancer, diabetes, leprosy, malaria, dengue, chicken pox, and dermal complications. The tree is popular for its pharmacological attributes such as hypolipidemic, antifertility, microbicidal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, insecticidal, nematicidal, antiulcer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antileishmaniasis properties. A. indica is also rich in various phytochemicals for pharmaceuticals such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. The fungicidal potential of the tree is due to the presence of azadirachtin and nimbin. Herein, we have compiled a comprehensive review of phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes, and therapeutic prospective of this multipurpose tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakakah, 2014, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Praphasawat R, Munkong N. Anti-Genotoxicity Evaluation of Cratoxylum Formosum Dyer Leaves by Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1475-1478. [PMID: 28669154 PMCID: PMC6373808 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.6.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cratoxylum formosum Dyer is the Thai vegetable which commonly consumed a fresh leaves. In this study, we
extracted Cratoxylum formosum with water and tested the extract for genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity effects. We
carried out the experiment using micronucleus test and comet assay in TK6 cells. In micronucleus experiment, we used
cytokinesis-block proliferation technique to stop cell division which produced a cell at binucleated (BNC) stage. The
comet assay was carried out after pre-treatment the cell with C. formosum for 18 h. The results revealed not increased
the micronucleus frequency of C. formosum at concentration ranging from 50-150 μg/ml. In contract, it showed that
the combination between C. formosum at various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 μg/ml) and mitomycin
C could decrease significantly in frequency of micronuclei. The mean of micronucleus frequency in the sample were
23.17 ±3.33, 23.33 ±4.72, 21.00 ±3.61, 11.33 ±3.21, 16.67 ±2.08, and 23.33±1.53 MN/ 1,000 BNC, respectively whereas
the MMC-treated group was 33.67 ± 8.96 MN/ 1,000 BNC. The comet assay result showed that pre-treatment with
Cratoxylum formosum (25, 50, 100, 200 μg/ml) could inhibit the hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage by 6.95,
12.99, 17.61, and 26.39 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratsada Praphasawat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand. ratsada.pr@gmail.
com
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21
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Murali K, Sparkes HA, Prasad KJR. A Novel Synthesis of Aryl- and Heteroaryl - Annulated Carbazoles: Newly Synthesized Pyrido-, Benzo[a]- and Spirooxindolinebenzo[a]-carbazols. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karunanidhi Murali
- Department of Chemistry; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore - 641046 India
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
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Klungsupya P, Suthepakul N, Muangman T, Rerk-Am U, Thongdon-A J. Determination of Free Radical Scavenging, Antioxidative DNA Damage Activities and Phytochemical Components of Active Fractions from Lansium domesticum Corr. Fruit. Nutrients 2015; 7:6852-73. [PMID: 26287238 PMCID: PMC4555151 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lansium domesticum Corr. or “long-kong” is one of the most popular fruits in Thailand. Its peel (skin, SK) and seeds (SD) become waste unless recycled or applied for use. This study was undertaken to determine the bioactivity and phytochemical components of L. domesticum (LD) skin and seed extracts. Following various extraction and fractionation procedures, 12 fractions were obtained. All fractions were tested for antioxidant capacity against O2−• and OH•. It was found that the peel of L. domesticum fruits exhibited higher O2−• and OH• scavenging activity than seeds. High potential antioxidant activity was found in two fractions of 50% ethanol extract of peel followed by ethyl acetate (EA) fractionation (LDSK50-EA) and its aqueous phase (LDSK50-H2O). Therefore, these two active fractions were selected for further studies on their antioxidative activity against DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human TK6 cells using comet assay. The comet results revealed DNA-protective activity of both LDSK50-EA and LDSK50-H2O fractions when TK6 human lymphoblast cells were pre-treated at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL for 24 h prior to H2O2 exposure. The phytochemical analysis illustrated the presence of phenolic substances, mainly scopoletin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, in these two active fractions. This study generates new information on the biological activity of L. domesticum. It will promote and strengthen the utilization of L. domesticum by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaipat Klungsupya
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Mu 3 Techno Polis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; E-Mails: (T.M.); (U.R.-A.); (J.T.-A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +66-25779109; Fax: +66-25779110
| | - Nava Suthepakul
- The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO), Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; E-Mail:
| | - Thanchanok Muangman
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Mu 3 Techno Polis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; E-Mails: (T.M.); (U.R.-A.); (J.T.-A.)
| | - Ubon Rerk-Am
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Mu 3 Techno Polis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; E-Mails: (T.M.); (U.R.-A.); (J.T.-A.)
| | - Jeerayu Thongdon-A
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Mu 3 Techno Polis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; E-Mails: (T.M.); (U.R.-A.); (J.T.-A.)
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23
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Lomarat P, Chancharunee S, Anantachoke N, Kitphati W, Sripha K, Bunyapraphatsara N. Bioactivity-guided Separation of the Active Compounds in Acacia Pennata Responsible for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the health benefits of plants used in Thai food, specifically Acacia pennata Willd., in Alzheimer's prevention. A. pennata twigs strongly inhibited β-amyloid aggregation. Bioactivity-guided separation of the active fractions yielded six known compounds, tetracosane (1), 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2), methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4), confertamide A (5) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid (6). The structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Biological testing revealed that tetracosane (1) was the most potent inhibitor of β-amyloid aggregation, followed by 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2) with IC50 values of 0.4 and 12.3 μM. Methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid (6) moderately inhibited β-amyloid aggregation. In addition, tetracosane (1) and methyl tridecanoate (3) weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These results suggested that the effect of A pennata on Alzheimer's disease was likely due to the inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation. Thus A. pennata may be beneficial for Alzheimer's prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattamapan Lomarat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Chancharunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Anantachoke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Worawan Kitphati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Sripha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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24
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Hou S, Liu Y, Kong Y, Brown ML. Total Synthesis of 7-Hydroxymurrayazolinine, Murrayamine D, and Mahanine via m-Nitro Group Activated Pyran Annulation. Org Lett 2015; 17:2298-301. [PMID: 25919697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The facile total synthesis of the natural product (±)-mahanine was obtained in eight steps with an overall 52% yield from readily accessible known nitrophenol derivative 6. After a one-step, acid-catalyzed annulation, two additional natural products were formed including 7-hydroxymurrayazolinine, representing its first reported total synthesis. In the whole process, the introduction of the m-nitro group significantly enhanced the key pyran annulation reaction through inductive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Hou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Yali Kong
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Milton L Brown
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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25
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Donnapee S, Li J, Yang X, Ge AH, Donkor PO, Gao XM, Chang YX. Cuscuta chinensis Lam.: A systematic review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 157:292-308. [PMID: 25281912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cuscuta chinensis Lam. has found its use as a traditional medicine in China, Korea, Pakistan, Vietnam, India and Thailand. It is commonly used as an anti-aging agent, anti-inflammatory agent, pain reliever and aphrodisiac. To provide an overview of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and clinical applications of Cuscuta chinensis, as well as being an evidence base for further research works of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review covers the literature available from 1985 to 2014. The information was collected from journals, books, theses and electronic search (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ESBCO, Springerlink and CNKI). Literature abstracts and full-text articles were analyzed and included in the review. RESULTS Many phytochemicals have been isolated, identified and published to date, including: at least 18 flavonoids; 13 phenolic acids; 2 steroids; 1 hydroquinone; 10 volatile oils; 22 lignans; 9 polysaccharides; 2 resin glycosides; 16 fatty acids. These phytochemicals and plant extracts exhibit a range of pharmacological activities that include hepatoprotective, renoprotective, antiosteoporotic, antioxidant, anti-aging, antimutagenic, antidepressant, improve sexual function, abortifacient effects, etc. CONCLUSION This present review offers primary information for further studies of Cuscuta chinensis. The in vitro studies and in vivo models have provided a bioscientific explanation for its various ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological activities (most notably antioxidant effects) especially in the prevention of hepatic disease and renal failure. It is necessary and important to do more pharmacokinetic and toxicological research works on human subjects in order to inform the possible active compounds in the body and validate its safety in clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sineeporn Donnapee
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ai-hua Ge
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Paul Owusu Donkor
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiu-mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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26
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Hou S, Yi YW, Kang HJ, Zhang L, Kim HJ, Kong Y, Liu Y, Wang K, Kong HS, Grindrod S, Bae I, Brown ML. Novel carbazole inhibits phospho-STAT3 through induction of protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN6. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6342-53. [PMID: 24978112 DOI: 10.1021/jm4018042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of STAT3 occurs in many human cancers and promotes tumor progression. Phosphorylation of a tyrosine at amino acid Y705 is essential for the function of STAT3. Synthesized carbazole derived with fluorophore compound 12 was discovered to target STAT3 phosphorylation. Compound 12 was found to inhibit STAT3-mediated transcription as well as to reduce IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cell lines expressing both elevated and low levels of phospho-STAT3 (Y705). Compound 12 potently induced apoptosis in a broad number of TNBC cancer cell lines in vitro and was effective at inhibiting the in vivo growth of human TNBC xenograft tumors (SUM149) without any observed toxicity. Compound 12 also effectively inhibited the growth of human lung tumor xenografts (A549) harboring aberrantly active STAT3. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the inhibitory effects of 12 on phospho-STAT3 were through up-regulation of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN6. Our present studies strongly support the continued preclinical evaluation of compound 12 as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for TNBC and cancers with constitutive STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Hou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center , 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, United States
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Alkaloids: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:377-86. [PMID: 25130096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With reports of pandrug-resistant bacteria causing untreatable infections, the need for new antibacterial therapies is more pressing than ever. Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of compounds that have served as scaffolds for important antibacterial drugs such as metronidazole and the quinolones. In this review, we highlight other alkaloids with development potential. Natural, semisynthetic and synthetic alkaloids of all classes are considered, looking first at those with direct antibacterial activity and those with antibiotic-enhancing activity. Potent examples include CJ-13,136, a novel actinomycete-derived quinolone alkaloid with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.1 ng/mL against Helicobacter pylori, and squalamine, a polyamine alkaloid from the dogfish shark that renders Gram-negative pathogens 16- to >32-fold more susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Where available, information on toxicity, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action and in vivo activity is presented. The effects of alkaloids on virulence gene regulatory systems such as quorum sensing and virulence factors such as sortases, adhesins and secretion systems are also described. The synthetic isoquinoline alkaloid virstatin, for example, inhibits the transcriptional regulator ToxT in Vibrio cholerae, preventing expression of cholera toxin and fimbriae and conferring in vivo protection against intestinal colonisation. The review concludes with implications and limitations of the described research and directions for future research.
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29
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Julich-Gruner KK, Kataeva O, Schmidt AW, Knölker HJ. Total Synthesis of 7- and 8-Oxygenated Pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole and Pyrano[2,3-a]carbazole Alkaloids via Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Annulation of the Pyran Ring. Chemistry 2014; 20:8536-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Panno A, Sinicropi MS, Caruso A, El-Kashef H, Lancelot JC, Aubert G, Lesnard A, Cresteil T, Rault S. New Trimethoxybenzamides and Trimethoxyphenylureas Derived from Dimethylcarbazole as Cytotoxic Agents. Part I. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Panno
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie UPRES EA 4258-FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Bd Becquerel; 14032 Caen Cedex France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università della Calabria; 87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cosenza Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università della Calabria; 87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cosenza Italy
| | - Anna Caruso
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie UPRES EA 4258-FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Bd Becquerel; 14032 Caen Cedex France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università della Calabria; 87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cosenza Italy
| | - Hussein El-Kashef
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie UPRES EA 4258-FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Bd Becquerel; 14032 Caen Cedex France
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Jean-Charles Lancelot
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie UPRES EA 4258-FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Bd Becquerel; 14032 Caen Cedex France
| | - Geneviève Aubert
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301; CNRS; Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Aurélien Lesnard
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie UPRES EA 4258-FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Bd Becquerel; 14032 Caen Cedex France
| | - Thierry Cresteil
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301; CNRS; Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sylvain Rault
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie UPRES EA 4258-FR CNRS 3038 INC3M, Bd Becquerel; 14032 Caen Cedex France
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Niu S, Liu D, Hu X, Proksch P, Shao Z, Lin W. Spiromastixones A-O, antibacterial chlorodepsidones from a deep-sea-derived Spiromastix sp. fungus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1021-1030. [PMID: 24571273 DOI: 10.1021/np5000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new depsidone-based analogues named spiromastixones A-O (1-15) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a deep-sea Spiromastix sp. fungus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis in association with chemical conversion. Spiromastixones A-O are classified into two subtypes based on the orientation of ring C relative to ring A, while the n-propyl substituents on rings A and C are rarely seen in natural products. Most analogues are substituted by various numbers of chlorine atoms. All compounds exhibited significant inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 8.0 μg/mL. In addition, compounds 6-10 displayed potent inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant bacterial strains of S. aureus (MRSA) and S. epidermidis (MRSE), while 10 also inhibited the growth of the vancomycin-resistant bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium (VRE). The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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Uvarani C, Jaivel N, Sankaran M, Chandraprakash K, Ata A, Mohan PS. Axially chiral biscarbazoles and biological evaluation of the constituents from Murraya koenigii. Fitoterapia 2014; 94:10-20. [PMID: 24444889 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the fruit pulp of Murraya koenigii resulted in the identification of two new dimeric carbazole alkaloids, bisgerayafoline D (1) and bismahanimbinol (2) along with four known alkaloids, bispyrayafoline (3), O-methyl mahanine (4), O-methyl mukonal (5), and mahanine (6). Structures of 1-6 were determined with the aid of UV, IR, Mass and extensive NMR spectroscopic studies. Absolute configurations of biaryls in 1 and 2 were assigned using a combination of computational Circular Dichroism (CD) and experimental electronic CD spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for anti-oxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, DNA binding, protein interactions and cytotoxic activities. Among all the isolates, mahanine (6) was found to exhibit significant radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compound 6 was also found to be active in cytotoxicity assay against three human cancer cell lines HeLa, HCT116, AGS and this compound was weakly active against normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokkalingam Uvarani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Nanjundan Jaivel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Sankaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarasamy Chandraprakash
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2G3, Canada.
| | - Palathurai Subramaniam Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Das R, Bhattacharya K, Sarkar S, Samanta SK, Pal BC, Mandal C. Mahanine synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil through ROS-mediated activation of PTEN and p53/p73 in colon carcinoma. Apoptosis 2014; 19:149-64. [PMID: 24052409 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or in combination with other drugs is the main basis of chemotherapeutic treatment in colorectal cancer although patients with microsatellite instability generally show resistance to 5-FU treatment. The present investigation is focussed on the mechanistic insight of a pure herbal carbazole alkaloid, mahanine, as a single or in combination with 5-FU in colon cancer. We demonstrated that mahanine-induced apoptosis involved reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated nuclear accumulation of PTEN and its interaction with p53/p73. Mahanine and 5-FU in combination exerted synergistic inhibitory effect on cell viability. This combination also enhanced ROS production, increased tumour suppressor proteins and suppressed chemo-migration. Taken together, our results revealed that mahanine can be a potential chemotherapeutic agent with efficacy to reduce the concentration of toxic 5-FU in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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de Oliveira APS, de Sousa JF, da Silva MA, Hilário F, Resende FA, de Camargo MS, Vilegas W, dos Santos LC, Varanda EA. Estrogenic and chemopreventive activities of xanthones and flavones of Syngonanthus (Eriocaulaceae). Steroids 2013; 78:1053-63. [PMID: 23891669 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The possible benefits of some bioactive flavones and xanthones present in plants of the genus Syngonanthus prompted us to screen them for estrogenic activity. However, scientific research has shown that such substances may have undesirable properties, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and toxicity, which restrict their use as therapeutic agents. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the estrogenicity and mutagenic and antimutagenic properties. We used recombinant yeast assay (RYA), with the strain BY4741 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Ames test, with strains TA100, TA98, TA97a and TA102 of Salmonella typhimirium, to evaluate estrogenicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of methanolic extracts of Syngonanthus dealbatus (S.d.), Syngonanthus macrolepsis (S.m.), Syngonanthus nitens (S.n.) and Syngonanthus suberosus (S.s.), and of 9 compounds isolated from them (1=luteolin, 2=mix of A-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone and B-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 3=1,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone, 4=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 5=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone, 6=7-methoxyluteolin-8-C-β-glucopyranoside, 7=7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside, 8=7,3'-dimethoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside and 9=6-hydroxyluteolin). The results indicated the estrogenic potential of the S. nitens methanol extract and four of its isolated xanthones, which exhibited, respectively, 14.74±1.63 nM; 19.54±6.61; 7.20±0.37; 6.71±1.02 e 10.01±4.26 nM of estradiol-equivalents (EEQ). None of the extracts or isolated compounds showed mutagenicity in any of the test strains and all of them showed antimutagenic potential, in particular preventing mutations caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The results show that the xanthones, only isolated from the methanol extract of S. nitens capitula, probably were the responsible for its estrogenic activity and could be useful as phytoestrogens, providing a new opportunity to develop hormonal agents. In addition, flavones and xanthones could also be used as a new antimutagenic agent. Since, the mutagens are involved in the initiation and promotion of several human diseases, including cancer, the significance of novel bioactive phytocompounds in counteracting these pro-mutagenic and carcinogenic effects is now gaining credence.
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Key Words
- +S9
- 1
- 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone
- 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone
- 1,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone
- 17β-estradiol
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene
- 5
- 6
- 6-hydroxyluteolin
- 7
- 7,3′-dimethoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 7-methoxyluteolin-8-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 8
- 9
- AFB(1)
- Antimutagenicity
- BAW
- CNPq
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- DES
- DMSO
- E(2)
- EEQ
- ER
- ER-RBA
- Eriocaulaceae
- Estrogenicity
- Ex-DCM
- Ex-Hex
- Ex-MeOH
- FAPESP
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- HRT
- HSCCC
- I%
- MI
- Mutagenicity
- NPD
- Phytoestrogens
- RYA
- SA
- SD
- SERMs
- Sd
- Sm
- Sn
- Ss
- Standard Deviation
- UV
- aflatoxin B(1)
- dimethylsulfoxide
- estradiol equivalent
- estrogen diethylstilbestrol
- estrogen receptor
- estrogen receptor relative binding affinity
- hexane extract
- high speed counter current chromatography
- hormone replacement therapy
- luteolin
- methanol extract
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus dealbatus
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus macrolepsis
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus nitens
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus suberosus
- methylene chloride extract
- mix of A-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone and B-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone
- mutagenic index
- n-butanol, acetic acid and water solution
- percent of inhibition of reversion in bacterial strains
- recombinant yeast assay
- selective estrogen receptor modulators
- sodium azide, 2-AA, 2-anthramine, MMC, mitomycin C
- ultraviolet light
- with metabolization
- without metabolization
- −S9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Siqueira de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Vidar WS, Macabeo APG, Knorn M, Kohls P, Aguinaldo AM. Polymethoxylated flavones from Micromelum compressum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Martinez-Mayorga K, Peppard TL, López-Vallejo F, Yongye AB, Medina-Franco JL. Systematic mining of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) flavor chemicals for bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7507-7514. [PMID: 23848473 DOI: 10.1021/jf401019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive food compounds can be both therapeutically and nutritionally relevant. Screening strategies are widely employed to identify bioactive compounds from edible plants. Flavor additives contained in the so-called FEMA GRAS (generally recognized as safe) list of approved flavoring ingredients is an additional source of potentially bioactive compounds. This work used the principles of molecular similarity to identify compounds with potential mood-modulating properties. The ability of certain GRAS molecules to inhibit histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC1), proposed as an important player in mood modulation, was assayed. Two GRAS chemicals were identified as HDAC1 inhibitors in the micromolar range, results similar to what was observed for the structurally related mood prescription drug valproic acid. Additional studies on bioavailability, toxicity at higher concentrations, and off-target effects are warranted. The methodology described in this work could be employed to identify potentially bioactive flavor chemicals present in the FEMA GRAS list.
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Samanta SK, Dutta D, Roy S, Bhattacharya K, Sarkar S, Dasgupta AK, Pal BC, Mandal C, Mandal C. Mahanine, A DNA Minor Groove Binding Agent Exerts Cellular Cytotoxicity with Involvement of C-7-OH and −NH Functional Groups. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5709-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400290q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman K. Samanta
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Devawati Dutta
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sarita Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road,
Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Kaushik Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayantani Sarkar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anjan K. Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road,
Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Bikas C. Pal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 4
Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chhabinath Mandal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 4
Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory
Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Murata T, Kohno S, Ito C, Itoigawa M, Sugiura A, Hikita K, Kaneda N. Inhibitory effect of carbazolequinone derivatives on lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1204-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of our synthesized carbazolequinone derivatives on nitric oxide (NO) production in activated macrophages.
Methods
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with carbazolequinone derivatives. The NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in cell culture supernatants fractions were measured by Greiss and ELISA assay, respectively. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was assessed by the real-time RT-PCR method. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation was detected by an NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter assay.
Key findings
Our synthesized carbazolequinone derivatives (7-methoxy-2-methylcarbazole-1,4-quinone, 6-methoxy-2-methylcarbazole-1,4-quinone and 6-chloro-2-methylcarbazole-1,4-quinone) significantly inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells. They also inhibited the LPS/IFN-γ-mediated induction of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. In addition, the LPS/IFN-γ-induced transcription activity of NF-κB was attenuated. Using the RAW264.7-tsAM5NE co-culture system, we found that these carbazolequinone derivatives protected neuronally differentiated tsAM5NE cells from NO-induced cell death by inhibiting the production of NO.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the three carbazolequinone derivatives inhibit LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production via iNOS and COX-2 downregulation due to NF-κB inhibition. Therefore, these three carbazolequinone derivatives may be useful for developing a new drug against NO-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiyasu Murata
- Department of Analytical Neurobiology, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masataka Itoigawa
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sugiura
- Department of Analytical Neurobiology, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hikita
- Department of Analytical Neurobiology, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Kaneda
- Department of Analytical Neurobiology, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
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Phakhodee W, Pongparn P, Saovapakhiran A, Laphookhieo S. Coumarin Precursor from Micromelum integerrimum Leaves. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integerriminol (1), a coumarin precursor, was isolated from the leaves of Micromelum integerrimum along with 10 known coumarins and a flavonoid. Their structures were intensively elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data including UV, IR, NMR, and TOF-HRMS and compared with those previously reported. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of coumarins derived from integerriminol (1) is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wong Phakhodee
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae FahLuang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Sutep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Preetiya Pongparn
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae FahLuang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Angkana Saovapakhiran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Sutep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae FahLuang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Stewart P, Boonsiri P, Puthong S, Rojpibulstit P. Antioxidant activity and ultrastructural changes in gastric cancer cell lines induced by Northeastern Thai edible folk plant extracts. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:60. [PMID: 23497063 PMCID: PMC3762064 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Phytochemical products have a critical role in the drug discovery process. This promising possibility, however, necessitates the need to confirm their scientific verification before use. Hence, this study aims to evaluate (1) the antioxidant activity, (2) cytotoxicity potential, and (3) the effect on ultrastructural alteration in gastric cancer cell lines through exposure to fractions of three local Northeastern Thai edible plants. Methods Plants, Syzygium gratum, Justicia gangetica and Limnocharis flava were extracted with ethyl acetate, and each crude extract analysed for their total phenolics content by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Their antioxidant activity was assessed using the ABTS system. The extracts were then assayed for cytotoxicity on two gastric cancer cell lines Kato-III and NUGC-4, and compared with Hs27 fibroblasts as a control using the MTT assay. The cell viability (%), IC50 values, as well as the ultrastructural alterations were evaluated after treatment with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The total phenolic values of the ethyl acetate extracts were well correlated with the antioxidant capacity, with extracted product of S. gratum displaying the highest level of antioxidant activity (a 10-fold greater response) over J. gangetica and L. flava respectively. Exposure of S. gratum and J. gangetica extracts to normal cell lines (Hs27) resulted in marginal cytotoxicity effects. However, through a dose-dependent assay S. gratum and J. gangetica extracts produced cytotoxicological effects in just over 75 percent of Kato-III and NUGC-4 cell lines. In addition, apoptotic characteristic was shown under TEM in both cancer cell lines with these two extracts, whereas characteristics of autophagy was found in cell lines after post exposure to extracts from L. flava. Conclusions From these three plants, S. gratum had the highest contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. All of them found to contain compound(s) with cytotoxicity in vitro on cancer cells but not on normal cell lines as resolved in tissue culture and ultrastructural analysis. This is the first report to show the effect on cellular alteration as apoptosis of an ethyl acetate extract of S. gratum and J. gangetica. Further studies are now focused on individual isolates and their function, prioritizing on S. gratum and J. gangetica for the development of novel therapeutics and combatants against cancer.
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Budin SB, Siti Nor Ain SM, Omar B, Taib IS, Hidayatulfathi O. Acute and subacute oral toxicity of Litsea elliptica Blume essential oil in rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 13:783-90. [PMID: 23024045 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache, fever, and stomach ulcer, and has also been used as an insect repellent. The acute and subacute toxicities of L. elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4000 mg/kg (single dose), and in the subacute toxicity test, the following doses were used: 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, for 28 consecutive days. In the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality. The median lethal dose value was 3488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study of L. elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight, and food and water consumptions. The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined, except for the hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, serum albumin, and serum sodium. However, these differences were still within the normal range. No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver, pancreatic islet of Langerhans, and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups. In conclusion, L. elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group, which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Balkis Budin
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pengseng N, Siripongvutikorn S, Usawakesmanee W, Wattanachant S, Sutthirak P. Effect of Lipids and Thermal Processing on Antioxidant Activities of Tested Antioxidants and Tom-Kha Paste Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.48a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sarkar S, Dutta D, Samanta SK, Bhattacharya K, Pal BC, Li J, Datta K, Mandal C, Mandal C. Oxidative inhibition of Hsp90 disrupts the super-chaperone complex and attenuates pancreatic adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:695-706. [PMID: 22729780 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is almost always fatal, in part because of its delayed diagnosis, poor prognosis, rapid progression and chemoresistance. Oncogenic proteins are stabilized by the Hsp90, making it a potential therapeutic target. We investigated the oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction of Hsp90 and the hindrance of its chaperonic activity by a carbazole alkaloid, mahanine, as a strategic therapeutic in pancreatic cancer. Mahanine exhibited antiproliferative activity against several pancreatic cancer cell lines through apoptosis. It induced early accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to thiol oxidation, aggregation and dysfunction of Hsp90 in MIAPaCa-2. N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented mahanine-induced ROS accumulation, aggregation of Hsp90, degradation of client proteins and cell death. Mahanine disrupted Hsp90-Cdc37 complex in MIAPaCa-2 as a consequence of ROS generation. Client proteins were restored by MG132, suggesting a possible role of ubiquitinylated protein degradation pathway. Surface plasmon resonance study demonstrated that the rate of interaction of mahanine with recombinant Hsp90 is in the range of seconds. Molecular dynamics simulation showed its weak interactions with Hsp90. However, no disruption of the Hsp90-Cdc37 complex was observed at an early time point, thus ruling out that mahanine directly disrupts the complex. It did not impede the ATP binding pocket of Hsp90. Mahanine also reduced in vitro migration and tube formation in cancer cells. Further, it inhibited orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, these results provide evidence for mahanine-induced ROS-mediated destabilization of Hsp90 chaperone activity resulting in Hsp90-Cdc37 disruption leading to apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a specific target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Sarkar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Two new coumarins from Micromelum falcatum with cytotoxicity and brine shrimp larvae toxicity. Molecules 2012; 17:6944-52. [PMID: 22728368 PMCID: PMC6269003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new coumarins, 7-methoxy-8-(2-hydroxmethyl-1-O-isovaleryl-4-butenyl)-coumarin (1) and 7-methoxy-8-(1-hydroxy-2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3-methyl-4-butene-1-yl)coumarin (2), and twelve known coumarins 3–14 were isolated from the stem bark of Micromelum falcatum. The structures of compounds 1–14 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses. The toxicity of compounds 1–14 was tested using a brine shrimp assay and in vitro antiproliferative assay against mammary cancer (F10) and lung cancer (HvEvc) cell lines by the MTT method. Some compounds had moderate activities. All compounds were also tested against the microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis and Escherichia coli, but no activity was observed.
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Schmidt AW, Reddy KR, Knölker HJ. Occurrence, Biogenesis, and Synthesis of Biologically Active Carbazole Alkaloids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3193-328. [PMID: 22480243 DOI: 10.1021/cr200447s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 899] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt W. Schmidt
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kethiri R. Reddy
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Carbolines. Part 2: Comparison of some of the properties of α-, γ-, and δ-carbolines (Review). Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Peluso M, Munnia A, Piro S, Jedpiyawongse A, Sangrajrang S, Giese RW, Ceppi M, Boffetta P, Srivatanakul P. Fruit and vegetable and fried food consumption and 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α] purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine adduct formation. Free Radic Res 2011; 46:85-92. [PMID: 22081860 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.640676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diet has been shown to modulate M(1)dG adduct, a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Thus, we analysed the association between diet and M(1)dG in 120 controls and 67 Map Ta Phut industrial estate workers in Rayong, Thailand, to evaluate the influence of fruit and vegetables, and fried and charcoal-grilled/barbecued food consumption on M(1)dG. M(1)dG was decreased in controls reporting to consume 14-17 servings/week of fruit and vegetables (mean ratio [MR]= 0.35, CI 0.18-0.69, p< 0.05). Conversely, a non-statistically significant M(1)dG increment was detected in controls consuming 9-18 servings/week of fried food (MR = 1.33, CI 0.88-2.00, p = 0.168). No effect of charcoal-grilled/barbecued food was found. No effect of diet was observed in workers. An association with smoking was observed in controls (MR = 1.88, CI 1.14-3.10, p < 0.05), but not in workers. M(1)dG can induce mutations and/or methylation changes within the promoter regions of cancer-related genes, thus promotion of healthy eating practices should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy.
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48
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Harminder, Singh V, Chaudhary AK. A Review on the Taxonomy, Ethnobotany, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Oroxylum indicum Vent. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 73:483-90. [PMID: 22923859 PMCID: PMC3425058 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.98981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum Vent. (O. indicum) is a tree commonly called Indian trumpet tree found in tropical countries, such as India, Japan, China, Sri Lanka, Malaysia. The chemical constituents obtained from different parts of plant include baicalein-7-O-diglucoside (Oroxylin B), baicalein-7-O-glucoside, chrysin, apegenin, prunetin, sitosterol, oroxindin, biochanin-A, ellagic acid, baicalein and its 6- and 7-glucuronides, scutellarein, tetuin, antraquinone and aloe-emodin. Various parts of the plant are used in Ayurveda and folk medicine for the treatment of different ailments such as cancer, diarrhea, fever, ulcer and jaundice. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated its antiinflammatory, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, photocytotoxic, antiproliferative, antiarthritic, antimicrobial, antimutagenic and immunostimulant properties. Exhaustive literature survey reveals that there are some activities which are still not proven scientifically. This article is an attempt to compile an up-to-date and comprehensive review on O. indicum covering its traditional and folk medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harminder
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut-250 110, India
| | - V. Singh
- Translam Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Meerut-250 001, India
| | - A. K. Chaudhary
- Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, S. V. Subharti University, Meerut-250 005, India
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Apoptosis of HL-60 leukemia cells induced by carbazole alkaloids isolated from Murraya euchrestifolia. J Nat Med 2011; 66:357-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Zhou H, Ou SY, Yan RA, Liao XJ. (±)-4a-(4-Nitro-benz-yl)-2,3,4,4a-tetra-hydro-1H-carbazole. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1573. [PMID: 21836984 PMCID: PMC3152074 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecule, C(19)H(18)N(2)O(2), is built up from three fused rings, viz. phenyl, pyrrole and cyclo-hexane, linked to a nitro-benzyl group. The C atom bearing the nitro-benzyl group is chiral and the compound is a racemate (R/S). The dihedral angle between the nitro-benzyl and indole rings is 57.49 (5)°. The cyclo-hexane ring adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ri-An Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
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