1
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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Korma SA, Salem HM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Alkafaas SS, Elsalahaty MI, Elkafas SS, Mosa WFA, Ahmed AE, Mathew BT, Albastaki NA, Alkuwaiti AA, El-Tarabily MK, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Garlic bioactive substances and their therapeutic applications for improving human health: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1277074. [PMID: 38915405 PMCID: PMC11194342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a widely abundant spice, known for its aroma and pungent flavor. It contains several bioactive compounds and offers a wide range of health benefits to humans, including those pertaining to nutrition, physiology, and medicine. Therefore, garlic is considered as one of the most effective disease-preventive diets. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the sulfur-containing compounds, allicin and ajoene, for their effective anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immune-boosting, and cardioprotective properties. As a rich natural source of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, saponins, tannins, linalool, geraniol, phellandrene, β-phellandrene, ajoene, alliin, S-allyl-mercapto cysteine, and β-phellandrene, garlic has many therapeutic applications and may play a role in drug development against various human diseases. In the current review, garlic and its major bioactive components along with their biological function and mechanisms of action for their role in disease prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heba M. Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Elsalahaty
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
- Faculty of Control System and Robotics, Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO) University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Walid F. A. Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Betty T. Mathew
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor A. Albastaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha A. Alkuwaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Food and Nutritional Science Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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2
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Molski M. Density Functional Theory Studies on the Chemical Reactivity of Allyl Mercaptan and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:668. [PMID: 38338412 PMCID: PMC10856204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
On the basis of density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/cc-pVQZ level with the C-PCM solvation model, a comparative analysis of the reactivity of the garlic metabolites 2-propenesulfenic acid (PSA) and allyl mercaptan (AM, 2-propene-1-thiol) was performed. In particular, the thermodynamic descriptors (BDE, PA, ETE, AIP, PDE, and Gacidity) and global descriptors of chemical activity (ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), chemical potential (μ), absolute electronegativity (χ), molecular hardness (η) and softness (S), electrophilicity index (ω), electro-donating (ω-) and electro-accepting (ω+) powers, and Ra and Rd indexes) were determined. The calculations revealed that PSA is more reactive than AM, but the latter may play a crucial role in the deactivation of free radicals due to its greater chemical stability and longer lifetime. The presence of a double bond in AM enables its polymerization, preserving the antiradical activity of the S-H group. This activity can be amplified by aryl-substituent-containing hydroxyl groups. The results of the calculations for the simplest phenol-AM derivative indicate that both the O-H and S-H moieties show greater antiradical activity in a vacuum and aqueous medium than the parent molecules. The results obtained prove that AM and its derivatives can be used not only as flavoring food additives but also as potent radical scavengers, protecting food, supplements, cosmetics, and drug ingredients from physicochemical decomposition caused by exogenous radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Molski
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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3
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Zhu D, Sadat A, Joye IJ, Vega C, Rogers MA. Scientific gastronomy: On the mechanism by which garlic juice and allicin (thio-2-propene-1-sulfinic acid S-allyl ester) stabilize meringues. Food Chem 2024; 431:137121. [PMID: 37573748 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Garlic juice (GJ) contains allicin, a bioactive that stabilizes egg white (EW) foams without potassium bitartrate (cream-of-tartar), meeting the aim to identify clean-label ingredients that alter foam characteristics. 0.001 wt% allicin in EWs forms stiff foams with the highest overrun (∼800 %) and delayed drainage (60 min). Whipping EW with GJ or allicin changes the disulfide-bridge conformation of the EW foam from 56, 44, and 0% gauche-gauche-gauche (SSg-g-g), trans-gauche-trans (SSt-g-t), and trans-gauche-gauche (SSt-g-g) to 11, 52, and 37%. Raman microspectrometry (RM) found higher relative percentages of SSg-g-g disulfide bonds coincide with rapid foam collapse, while the tyrosine I850/I830 band ratios, a measure of tyrosine surface exposure, remained constant. These changes in spectra illustrate that polypeptide chain displacement and protein unfolding are essential in stabilizing bubble interfaces. Few clean-label functional compounds alter foam stability and functionality, and compounds such as allicin could lead to entirely new culinary techniques and dishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Zhu
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Azin Sadat
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Iris J Joye
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - César Vega
- McCain Foods, R&D, Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181, US
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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4
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Ng SIM, Chan MN. Beyond the formation: unveiling the atmospheric transformation of organosulfates via heterogeneous OH oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13919-13938. [PMID: 37933441 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OSs), characterized with a sulfate ester group (R-OSO3-), are abundant constituents in secondary organic aerosols. Recent laboratory-based investigations have revealed that OSs can undergo efficient chemical transformation through heterogeneous oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (˙OH, interchangeably termed as OH in this article), which freshly derives functionalized and fragmented OSs. The reaction not only contributes to the presence of structurally transformed OSs in the atmosphere of which sources were unidentified, but it also leads to the formation of inorganic sulfates (e.g., SO42-) with profound implication on the form of aerosol sulfur. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the heterogeneous OH oxidation of OSs based on state-of-the-art designs of experiments, computational approaches, and chemical analytical techniques. Here, we discuss the formation potential of new OSs and SO42-, in light of the influence of diverse OS structures on the relative importance of different reaction pathways. We propose future research directions to advance our mechanistic understanding of these reactions, taking into account aerosol matrix effects, interactions with other atmospheric pollutants, and the incorporation of experimental findings into atmospheric chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze In Madeleine Ng
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- The Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Xu Q, Long S, Liu X, Duan A, Du M, Lu Q, Leng L, Leu SY, Wang D. Insights into the Occurrence, Fate, Impacts, and Control of Food Additives in Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6761-6775. [PMID: 37070716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of biomass energy from food waste through anaerobic digestion as an alternative to fossil energy is of great significance for the development of environmental sustainability and the circular economy. However, a substantial number of food additives (e.g., salt, allicin, capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate, monosodium glutamate, and nonnutritive sweeteners) are present in food waste, and their interactions with anaerobic digestion might affect energy recovery, which is typically overlooked. This work describes the current understanding of the occurrence and fate of food additives in anaerobic digestion of food waste. The biotransformation pathways of food additives during anaerobic digestion are well discussed. In addition, important discoveries in the effects and underlying mechanisms of food additives on anaerobic digestion are reviewed. The results showed that most of the food additives had negative effects on anaerobic digestion by deactivating functional enzymes, thus inhibiting methane production. By reviewing the response of microbial communities to food additives, we can further improve our understanding of the impact of food additives on anaerobic digestion. Intriguingly, the possibility that food additives may promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, and thus threaten ecology and public health, is highlighted. Furthermore, strategies for mitigating the effects of food additives on anaerobic digestion are outlined in terms of optimal operation conditions, effectiveness, and reaction mechanisms, among which chemical methods have been widely used and are effective in promoting the degradation of food additives and increasing methane production. This review aims to advance our understanding of the fate and impact of food additives in anaerobic digestion and to spark novel research ideas for optimizing anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Sha Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuran Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Mingting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ling Leng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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6
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Yang T, Li Z, Shu J, Fang L, He X, Li Q, Jiang G, Chen S, Yang B. Rapid Detection of Potential Natural Food Preservatives and Identification of Artemisia Species via High-Sensitivity Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37022303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural food preservatives are being sought extensively as a safe alternative to chemical food preservatives. This study aimed to identify potential natural preservatives from herbs using single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOF-MS). Five Artemisia species and four other herbs were analyzed, and the random forest (RF) algorithm was used to simulate olfaction and distinguish the Artemisia species by identifying the characteristic peaks of volatile terpenoids (VTPs). Results showed that the terpenoid synthase (TPS) gene family was expanded in Artemisia species, potentially contributing to the increased production of VTPs, which have potential as natural preservatives and specifically identify these species. The limits of detections (LODs) for principle VTPs in Artemisia species were as low as 22-39 parts-per-trillion-by-volume (pptv) using SPI-TOF-MS. This study highlights the potential for headspace mass spectrometry to be used in the development of natural preservatives and the identification of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinian Shu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longfa Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems. Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems. Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Qirun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxia Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Hartmann L, Seebeck FP, Schmalz HG, Gründemann D. Isotope-labeled ergothioneine clarifies the mechanism of reaction with singlet oxygen. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 198:12-26. [PMID: 36736443 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have uncovered a non-enzymatic multi-step cycle for the regeneration of ergothioneine (ET), after reaction with noxious singlet oxygen (1O2), by glutathione (GSH). When living cells were loaded with ET labeled with deuterium and N-15 atoms (D5-ET) and exposed to light in the presence of a photosensitizer, no loss of deuterium at position 5 of the imidazole ring was observed, in contradiction to our previous mechanistic proposal. Therefore, it was necessary to reexamine the in vitro products of ET and 1O2 by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Pure 1O2 was generated by thermolysis at 37 °C of the endoperoxide DHPNO2. The use of D5-ET enabled us to revise and extend the reaction scheme. On the main pathway, 1O2 attacks the imidazole ring, and the hydroperoxide intermediates are reduced rapidly by ET or GSH via different mechanisms. The intramolecular water elimination from the 5-hydroperoxide described previously is slower and not a part of the cycle. On another side path, 1O2 attacks the sulfur of ET to form a sulfine (S-oxide). The reduction of the sulfine also allows for the complete regeneration of ET. Experiments with methanol instead of water as solvent revealed that, in the absence of GSH, ET was attacked 6 times more frequently at the ring than at the sulfur. In the presence of 1 mM GSH or higher, both side paths were abandoned. ET efficiently captures 1O2 with its ring and can then be regenerated to a large extent by GSH, without enzyme involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hartmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian P Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Gründemann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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8
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Mengers HG, Schier C, Zimmermann M, C. H. Gruhlke M, Block E, Blank LM, Slusarenko AJ. Seeing the smell of garlic: Detection of gas phase volatiles from crushed garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), ramsons (Allium ursinum) and human garlic breath using SESI-Orbitrap MS. Food Chem 2022; 397:133804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Reddy RJ, Shankar A, Kumar JJ, Sharadha N, Krishna GR. Diethyl phosphite-mediated switchable synthesis of bis(imidazoheterocycles) derived disulfanes and sulfanes using imidazoheterocycles and octasulfur. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique diethyl phosphite-mediated switchable synthesis of bis(imidazoheterocycle)-derived disulfanes and sulfanes using imidazoheterocycles with sulfur is reported. Moreover, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-indole derived thioethers were also realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Jannapu Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Angothu Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Jangam Jagadesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Nunavath Sharadha
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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10
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Lee S, Chintalapudi K, Badu-Tawiah AK. Clinical Chemistry for Developing Countries: Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:437-465. [PMID: 33979544 PMCID: PMC8932337 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091520-085936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early disease diagnosis is necessary to enable timely interventions. Implementation of this vital task in the developing world is challenging owing to limited resources. Diagnostic approaches developed for resource-limited settings have often involved colorimetric tests (based on immunoassays) due to their low cost. Unfortunately, the performance/sensitivity of such simplistic tests are often limited and significantly hinder opportunities for early disease detection. A new criterion for selecting diagnostic tests in low- and middle-income countries is proposed here that is based on performance-to-cost ratio. For example, modern mass spectrometry (MS) now involves analysis of the native sample in the open laboratory environment, enabling applications in many fields, including clinical research, forensic science, environmental analysis, and agriculture. In this critical review, we summarize recent developments in chemistry that enable MS to be applied effectively in developing countries. In particular, we argue that closed automated analytical systems may not offer the analytical flexibility needed in resource-limited settings. Alternative strategies proposed here have potential to be widely accepted in low- and middle-income countries through the utilization of the open-source ambient MS platform that enables microsampling techniques such as dried blood spot to be coupled with miniature mass spectrometers in a centralized analytical platform. Consequently, costs associated with sample handling and maintenance can be reduced by >50% of the total ownership cost, permitting analytical measurements to be operated at high performance-to-cost ratios in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Kavyasree Chintalapudi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
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11
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Huang S, Wang H, Liu Y, Sun B, Tian H, Liang S. A novel practical preparation of methyl methanethiosulfonate from dimethyl sulfoxide initiated by a catalytic amount of (COCl)2 or anhydrous HCl. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1932887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Paw R, Hazarika M, Boruah PK, Kalita AJ, Guha AK, Das MR, Tamuly C. Highly sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of dual metal ions (Hg 2+ and Sn 2+) in water: an eco-friendly approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14700-14709. [PMID: 35424016 PMCID: PMC8697840 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of an alliin-based precursor for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) which is an emerging, reliable and rapid sensor of heavy metal ion contaminants in water is reported here. The Ag NPs were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis techniques. The Ag NPs simultaneously and selectively detect Hg2+ and Sn2+ ions from aqueous solution. The sensitivity and selectivity of the prepared Ag NPs towards other representative transition-metal ions, alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions were also studied. For more precise evidence, a density functional theory study was carried out to understand the possible mechanism and interaction in the detection of Hg2+ and Sn2+ by Ag NPs. The limits of detection for Hg2+ and Sn2+ ions were found as 15.7 nM and 11.25 nM, respectively. This assay indicates the possible use of garlic extract-synthesized Ag NPs for sensing Hg2+ and Sn2+ in aqueous solution very significantly. So, the simple, green, eco-friendly and easy method to detect the dual metal ions may further lead to a potential sensor of heavy metal ion contaminants in water of industrial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintumoni Paw
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh-791110 India
- Academic of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam-785006 India
| | - Moushumi Hazarika
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh-791110 India
| | - Purna K Boruah
- Material Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam-785006 India
| | | | - Ankur K Guha
- Dept of Chemistry, Cotton University Guwahati Assam-781001 India
| | - Manash R Das
- Material Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam-785006 India
| | - Chandan Tamuly
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Itanagar Arunachal Pradesh-791110 India
- Academic of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam-785006 India
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13
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Zhang X, Ren X, Chingin K. Applications of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry in food analysis: A review. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9013. [PMID: 33277776 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct analysis in real time (DART) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) detection has become one of the most broadly used analytical approaches for the direct molecular characterization of food samples with regard to their chemical quality, safety, origin, and authentication. The major advantages of DART-MS for food analysis include high chemical sensitivity and specificity, high speed and throughput of analysis, simplicity, and the obviation of tedious sample preparation and solvents. METHODS The recent applications of DART coupled with different mass analyzers, including quadrupole, ion trap, Orbitrap, and time of flight, are discussed. In addition, sample pretreatment methods that have been coupled with DART-MS are discussed. RESULTS We summarize the applications of DART-MS in food science and industry published in the period from 2005 to this date. The applications and analytical characteristics are systematically categorized across the three major types of foods: solid foods, liquid foods, and viscous foods. CONCLUSIONS DART-MS has proved its high suitability for the direct, rapid, and high-throughput molecular analysis of very different food samples with minimal or no sample preparation, thus offering a high-speed alternative to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) approaches that are traditionally employed in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
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Pereira HV, Pinto FG, Dos Reis MR, Garret TJ, Augusti R, Sena MM, Piccin E. A fast and effective approach for the discrimination of garlic origin using wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and multivariate classification. Talanta 2021; 230:122304. [PMID: 33934771 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the combination of wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (WTESI-MS) and multivariate pattern recognition methods (principal component analysis, PCA and partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA) for the rapid and reliable discrimination, via chemical fingerprints, of garlic origin. A total of 312 garlic samples grown in different countries (Brazil, China, Argentina, Spain, and Chile) were studied. The methodology was based on a direct sampling approach, which relies on loading the sample by penetrating the garlic cloves with a pre-wetted wooden tip, followed by direct prompt analysis by WTESI-MS. Thus, no sample preparation is needed, which prevents the degradation of important metabolites and increases the analytical throughput. Parameters that affects the WTESI were optimized and the best performance in terms of signal stability and intensity was achieved using the positive ion mode. Most of the ions in WTESI mass spectra were assigned to amino acids, sugars, organosulfur compounds, and lipids. The discriminative model showed good performance (accuracy rates between 81.9% and 98.6%) and enabled identifying diagnostic ions for garlic samples from different origins. The differentiation and classification of garlic origin is of major importance as this food flavoring product is widely consumed, with worldwide trade representing billions of dollars every year, and is very often the subject of fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebert V Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Frederico G Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Dos Reis
- Department of Crop Production, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil
| | - Timothy J Garret
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 32608, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Sena
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro Piccin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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15
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Liang J, Sun J, Chen P, Frazier J, Benefield V, Zhang M. Chemical analysis and classification of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) based on their country of origin using mass spectrometric methods and chemometrics. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109877. [PMID: 33648195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and thermal desorption direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (TD-DART-MS) methods to the analysis of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) samples from different countries. The black pepper powder samples were analyzed directly by TD-DART-MS without any extraction, but for GC-MS and LC-MS methods, a methanol extraction procedure was employed before the analysis. Various compounds, such as piperamides and terpenes, were detected. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify black pepper samples based on their origins. Total ion mass spectrum (TMS) data profiles from GC-MS, LC-MS, and TD-DART-MS methods were constructed and evaluated for the performance of classification. A cubic-root data transformation was tested in the data preprocessing and found to be effective for improving the classification rates. The average classification rates of PLS-DA models with GC-MS-cubic-root-TMS, LC-MS-cubic-root-TMS, and DART-MS-cubic-root-TMS data representations were 94.1 ± 0.6%, 87.7 ± 0.6%, and 97.0 ± 0.3% respectively, for 100-time bootstrapped-Latin-partition cross-validation. This study presents for the first time the analysis of plant-based food materials by using TD-DART-MS, and it has been demonstrated as a simple and high-throughput method for classification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Jared Frazier
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Virginia Benefield
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
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16
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Khandagale K, Krishna R, Roylawar P, Ade AB, Benke A, Shinde B, Singh M, Gawande SJ, Rai A. Omics approaches in Allium research: Progress and way ahead. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9824. [PMID: 32974094 PMCID: PMC7486827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Allium (Family: Amaryllidaceae) is an economically important group of crops cultivated worldwide for their use as a vegetable and spices. Alliums are also well known for their nutraceutical properties. Among alliums, onion, garlic, leek, and chives cultivated worldwide. Despite their substantial economic and medicinal importance, the genome sequence of any of the Allium is not available, probably due to their large genome sizes. Recently evolved omics technologies are highly efficient and robust in elucidating molecular mechanisms of several complex life processes in plants. Omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, etc. have the potential to open new avenues in research and improvement of allium crops where genome sequence information is limited. A significant amount of data has been generated using these technologies for various Allium species; it will help in understanding the key traits in Allium crops such as flowering, bulb development, flavonoid biosynthesis, male sterility and stress tolerance at molecular and metabolite level. This information will ultimately assist us in speeding up the breeding in Allium crops. METHOD In the present review, major omics approaches, and their progress, as well as potential applications in Allium crops, could be discussed in detail. RESULTS Here, we have discussed the recent progress made in Allium research using omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, micro RNAs, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics. These omics interventions have been used in alliums for marker discovery, the study of the biotic and abiotic stress response, male sterility, organ development, flavonoid and bulb color, micro RNA discovery, and microbiome associated with Allium crops. Further, we also emphasized the integrated use of these omics platforms for a better understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms to speed up the breeding programs for better cultivars. CONCLUSION All the information and literature provided in the present review throws light on the progress and potential of omics platforms in the research of Allium crops. We also mentioned a few research areas in Allium crops that need to be explored using omics technologies to get more insight. Overall, alliums are an under-studied group of plants, and thus, there is tremendous scope and need for research in Allium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Khandagale
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ram Krishna
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | - Praveen Roylawar
- Department of Botany, S. N. Arts, D. J. M. Commerce and B. N. S. Science College, Sangamner, India
| | - Avinash B. Ade
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini Benke
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | - Bharat Shinde
- Vidya Pratishthans’s Arts Science and commerce college, Baramati, India
| | - Major Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Rai
- Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
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17
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Jannapu Reddy R, Waheed M, Rama Krishna G. Phenylboronic acid-catalyzed tandem construction of S-S and C-S bonds: a new method for the synthesis of benzyl disulfanylsulfone derivatives from S-benzyl thiosulfonates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3243-3248. [PMID: 32285079 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A unique phenylboronic acid-catalyzed dimerization-sulfonylation of S-benzyl thiosulfonates has been disclosed. A metal-free tandem construction of S-S and C-S bonds is an operationally simple method to access a wide range of benzyl disulfanylsulfone derivatives in high to excellent yields. Moreover, the robustness of this tandem transformation has been demonstrated by gram-scale reactions, and a plausible mechanism is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Jannapu Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Md Waheed
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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18
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Quesada I, de Paola M, Torres-Palazzolo C, Camargo A, Ferder L, Manucha W, Castro C. Effect of Garlic’s Active Constituents in Inflammation, Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-1009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Sun J, Sun B, Ren F, Chen H, Zhang N, Zhang Y. Influence of Different Frying Processes on the Flavor Characteristics and Sensory Profile of Garlic Oil. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244456. [PMID: 31817376 PMCID: PMC6943420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fried garlic oil has been widely used in traditional Chinese cuisine and, recently, has become increasingly popular in food manufacturing. In this study, the effects of different initial and final frying temperature on the flavor characteristics and sensory profile of fried garlic oil were investigated using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results showed that the content of flavor compounds changed significantly as the frying temperature was increased. The sample that was treated at an initial temperature of 115 °C and a final temperature of 155 °C contained the highest amount of thioethers and heterocycles, mainly comprising dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, and 2-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin. Partial least-squares regression elucidated the sensory attributes of fried and roasted garlic, showing a high correlation with thioethers and pyrazines. Furthermore, changes in the 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, dimethyl trisulfide, and diallyl disulfide concentrations were detected every 5 °C during the frying process (initial temperature, 115 °C; final temperature, 155 °C). Dimethyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide concentrations showed irregular, downward trends, while 2,6-dimethylpyrazine concentration exhibited an increasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.S.); (B.S.); (F.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.S.); (B.S.); (F.R.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.S.); (B.S.); (F.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-68985219
| | - Ning Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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20
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Arakawa T, Sato Y, Yamada M, Takabe J, Moriwaki Y, Masamura N, Kato M, Aoyagi M, Kamoi T, Terada T, Shimizu K, Tsuge N, Imai S, Fushinobu S. Dissecting the Stereocontrolled Conversion of Short-Lived Sulfenic Acid by Lachrymatory Factor Synthase. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Noriya Masamura
- Basic Research Division, Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Incorporated, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Basic Research Division, Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Incorporated, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
| | - Morihiro Aoyagi
- Basic Research Division, Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Incorporated, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamoi
- Basic Research Division, Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Incorporated, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuaki Tsuge
- Basic Research Division, Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Incorporated, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Imai
- Basic Research Division, Central Research & Development Institute, House Foods Group Incorporated, Yotsukaido 284-0033, Japan
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Štefanová I, Zápal J, Moos M, Kuzma M, Kubec R. Isoalliin-Derived Thiolanes Formed in Homogenized Onion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9895-9906. [PMID: 31091093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several families of 3,4-dimethylthiolane-based compounds spontaneously formed upon cutting of onion (Allium cepa) were studied. We report the isolation of the first known example of a naturally occurring dithiolactone, 5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethylthiolane-2-thione (cepadithiolactone A, C6H10OS2). Furthermore, on the basis of conceivable spectroscopic evidence (MS, NMR, IR), we could disprove the structure previously proposed for onionin A (C9H16O2S2), which is shown to be in fact (E)-3,4-dimethyl-5-(1-propenylsulfinyl)thiolane-2-ol. The identification of hitherto unknown methyl and propyl homologues of onionin A (dubbed onionins B and C, respectively) is also reported. Furthermore, the existence of the methyl and propyl homologues of cepathiolanes A (C9H16O2S3), trivially named cepathiolanes B and C, respectively, has been newly revealed. The organoleptic properties of these 3,4-dimethylthiolanes and their role in the formation of the pink discoloration of processed onion were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Štefanová
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 31 , 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zápal
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , 142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Biology Centre , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Branišovská 31 , 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , 142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kubec
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 31 , 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
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An LC-MS/MS Method to Measure S-Methyl-l-Cysteine and S-Methyl-l-Cysteine Sulfoxide in Human Specimens Using Isotope Labelled Internal Standards. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132427. [PMID: 31269651 PMCID: PMC6651111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first report describing an analytical method for quantitative analysis of two naturally occurring sulphur compounds, S-methyl-l-cysteine (SMC) and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO), in human body fluids using isotope-labelled internal standards and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS techniques. This method was validated according to the guideline of the Royal Society of Chemistry Analytical Methods Committee. It offers significant advantages including simple and fast preparation of human biological samples. The limits of detection of SMC were 0.08 µM for urine and 0.04 µM for plasma. The limits of detection of SMCSO were 0.03 µM for urine and 0.02 µM for plasma. The calibration curves of all matrices showed linearity with correlation coefficients r2 > 0.9987. The intra and inter day precisions in three levels of known concentrations were >10% and >20%, respectively. The quantification accuracy was 98.28 ± 5.66%. The proposed method would be beneficial for the rapid and accurate determination of the SMC and SMCSO in human plasma and urine samples using by isotope labelled internal standards.
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Lestari SR, Rifai M. The effect of single-bulb garlic oil extract toward the hematology and histopathology of the liver and kidney in mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000218027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Block E, Dethier B, Bechand B, Cotelesage JJH, George GN, Goto K, Pickering IJ, Mendoza Rengifo E, Sheridan R, Sneeden EY, Vogt L. Ajothiolanes: 3,4-Dimethylthiolane Natural Products from Garlic ( Allium sativum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10193-10204. [PMID: 30196701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stereoisomers of 5-(2-allylsulfinyl)-3,4-dimethylthiolane-2-ol, a family of 3,4-dimethylthiolanes of formula C9H16O2S2 we name ajothiolanes, were isolated from garlic ( Allium sativum) macerates and characterized by a variety of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC), direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ajothiolanes were found to be spectroscopically identical to a family of previously described compounds named garlicnins B1-4 (C9H16O2S2), whose structures we demonstrate have been misassigned. 2D 13C-13C NMR incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiments (INADEQUATE) were used to disprove the claim of nine contiguous carbons in these compounds, while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) along with computational modeling was used to disprove the claim that these compounds were thiolanesulfenic acids. On the basis of the similarity of their NMR spectra to those of the ajothiolanes, we propose that the structures of previously described, biologically active onionins A1-3 (C9H16O2S2), from extracts of onion ( Allium cepa) and Allium fistulosum, and garlicnin A (C12H20O2S4), from garlic extracts, should also be reassigned, in each case as isomeric mixtures of 5-substituted-3,4-dimethylthiolane-2-ols. We conclude that 3,4-dimethylthiolanes may be a common motif in Allium chemistry. Finally, we show that another garlic extract component, garlicnin D (C7H12O2S3), claimed to have an unprecedented structure, is in fact a known compound from garlic with a structure different from that proposed, namely, 2( E)-3-(methylsulfinyl)-2-propenyl 2-propenyl disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Block
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Bérénice Dethier
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Benjamin Bechand
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 O̅okayama , Meguro̅ku, Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Emerita Mendoza Rengifo
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Robert Sheridan
- Food Laboratory Division , NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets , Albany , New York 12235 , United States
| | - Eileen Y Sneeden
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Linda Vogt
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
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Lu H, Zhang H, Chingin K, Xiong J, Fang X, Chen H. Ambient mass spectrometry for food science and industry. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Burtea A, Rychnovsky SD. Biosynthesis-Inspired Approach to Kujounin A2 Using a Stereoselective Tsuji–Trost Alkylation. Org Lett 2018; 20:5849-5852. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Burtea
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Scott D. Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Seki K, Ishikawa J, Okada Y. Contribution of 2-Propenesulfenic Acid to the Antioxidant Activity of Allicin. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1265-1270. [PMID: 29660783 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We re-examined the antioxidative mechanism of allicin as a radical scavenger on the basis of the reactivity toward 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxyl radicals. Initially, it was found that allicin decomposed more rapidly in n-hexane and chlorobenzene than in acetonitrile, ethanol, and ethanol/water solutions and decomposed into ajoene and vinyldithiins in these solvents. Furthermore, the decomposition of allicin and the following formations of ajoene and vinyldithiins from allicin were accelerated by the reaction of allicin with DPPH and peroxyl radicals. These results show that 2-propenesulfenic acid, which arises by Cope elimination from allicin, is proposed to contribute to scavenge these radicals because ajoene and vinyldithiins were produced from allicin through the use of 2-propenesulfenic acid. Next, allicin was more effective at inhibiting the linoleic acid oxidation at 50 °C than at 30 °C and in cyclohexane than in acetonitrile. These results indicate that allicin decomposed rapidly at high temperatures in a hydrogen-bond-acceptor solution to 2-propenesulfenic acid. In addition, 2-propene-1-sulfinothionic acid S-methyl ester, which does not produce sulfenic acid through Cope elimination, has no activity against the radicals. On the other hand, methanesulfinothionic acid S-2-propenyl ester, which produces methanesulfenic acid through Cope elimination, has the same or increased activity as its allicin against the radicals. Based on these results, the Cope elimination product, sulfenic acid, from thiosulfinates with an α-sulfenyl proton was found to make a larger contribution to the radical scavenger than that of allicin itself. PRACTICAL APPLICATION We examined the antioxidant activity of allicin on the oxidation of cumene and linoleic acid in homogeneous solutions. It is obvious from these results that 2-propenesulfenic acid was found to make a larger contribution to the radical scavenger than that of allicin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Seki
- Dept. of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin Univ., 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Junya Ishikawa
- Dept. of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin Univ., 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Youji Okada
- Dept. of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin Univ., 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
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Analytical methods for bioactive sulfur compounds in Allium: An integrated review and future directions. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Block E, Batista VS, Matsunami H, Zhuang H, Ahmed L. The role of metals in mammalian olfaction of low molecular weight organosulfur compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:529-557. [PMID: 28471462 PMCID: PMC5542778 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2017While suggestions concerning the possible role of metals in olfaction and taste date back 50 years, only recently has it been possible to confirm these proposals with experiments involving individual olfactory receptors (ORs). A detailed discussion of recent experimental results demonstrating the key role of metals in enhancing the response of human and other vertebrate ORs to specific odorants is presented against the backdrop of our knowledge of how the sense of smell functions both at the molecular and whole animal levels. This review emphasizes the role of metals in the detection of low molecular weight thiols, sulfides, and other organosulfur compounds, including those found in strong-smelling animal excretions and plant volatiles, and those used in gas odorization. Alternative theories of olfaction are described, with evidence favoring the modified "shape" theory. The use of quantum mechanical/molecular modeling (QM/MM), site-directed mutagenesis and saturation-transfer-difference (STD) NMR is discussed, providing support for biological studies of mouse and human receptors, MOR244-3 and OR OR2T11, respectively. Copper is bound at the active site of MOR244-3 by cysteine and histidine, while cysteine, histidine and methionine are involved with OR2T11. The binding pockets of these two receptors are found in different locations in the three-dimensional seven transmembrane models. Another recently deorphaned human olfactory receptor, OR2M3, highly selective for a thiol from onions, and a broadly-tuned thiol receptor, OR1A1, are also discussed. Other topics covered include the effects of nanoparticles and heavy metal toxicants on vertebrate and fish ORs, intranasal zinc products and the loss of smell (anosmia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Block
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA.
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30
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Meher AK, Chen YC. Analysis of volatile compounds by open-air ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 966:41-46. [PMID: 28372725 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a simple method for rapid and in situ identification of volatile and endogenous compounds in culinary spice samples through mass spectrometry (MS). This method only requires a holder for solid spice sample (2-3 mm) that is placed close to a mass spectrometer inlet, which is applied with a high voltage. Volatile species responsible for the aroma of the spice samples can be readily detected by the mass spectrometer. Sample pretreatment is not required prior to MS analysis, and no solvent was used during MS analysis. The high voltage applied to the inlet of the mass spectrometer induces the ionization of volatile compounds released from the solid spice samples. Furthermore, moisture in the air also contributes to the ionization of volatile compounds. Dried spices including cinnamon and cloves are used as the model sample to demonstrate this straightforward MS analysis, which can be completed within few seconds. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the suitability of the current method for rapid screening of cinnamon quality through detection of the presence of a hepatotoxic agent, i.e. coumarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Meher
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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31
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Guo T, Yong W, Jin Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang S, Chen Q, Dong Y, Su H, Tan T. Applications of DART-MS for food quality and safety assurance in food supply chain. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:161-187. [PMID: 25975720 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) represents a new generation of ion source which is used for rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditions. The combination of DART and various mass spectrometers allows analyzing multiple food samples with simple or no sample treatment, or in conjunction with prevailing protocolized sample preparation methods. Abundant applications by DART-MS have been reviewed in this paper. The DART-MS strategy applied to food supply chain (FSC), including production, processing, and storage and transportation, provides a comprehensive solution to various food components, contaminants, authenticity, and traceability. Additionally, typical applications available in food analysis by other ambient ionization mass spectrometers were summarized, and fundamentals mainly including mechanisms, devices, and parameters were discussed as well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:161-187, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yong
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Ambient Desorption/Ionization. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Wakamatsu J, Stark TD, Hofmann T. Taste-Active Maillard Reaction Products in Roasted Garlic (Allium sativum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5845-5854. [PMID: 27381763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain first insight into candidate Maillard reaction products formed upon thermal processing of garlic, mixtures of glucose and S-allyl-l-cysteine, the major sulfur-containing amino acid in garlic, were low-moisture heated, and nine major reaction products were isolated. LC-TOF-MS, 1D/2D NMR, and CD spectroscopy led to their identification as acortatarin A (1), pollenopyrroside A (2), epi-acortatarin A (3), xylapyrroside A (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-1-[(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furanyl)methyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carbalde-hyde (5), 3-(allylthio)-2-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propanoic acid (6), (4S)-4-(allylthiomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde (7), (2R)-3-(allylthio)-2-[(4R)-4-(allylthiomethyl)-6-formyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrazin-2(1H)-yl]propanoic acid (8), and (2R)-3-(allylthio)-2-((4S)-4-(allylthiomethyl)-6-formyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrazin-2(1H)-yl)propanoic acid (9). Among the Maillard reaction products identified, compounds 5-9 have not previously been published. The thermal generation of the literature known spiroalkaloids 1-4 is reported for the first time. Sensory analysis revealed a bitter taste with thresholds between 0.5 and 785 μmol/kg for 1-5 and 7-9. Compound 6 did not show any intrinsic taste (water) but exhibited a strong mouthfullness (kokumi) enhancing activity above 186 μmol/kg. LC-MS/MS analysis showed 1-9 to be generated upon pan-frying of garlic with the highest concentration of 793.7 μmol/kg found for 6, thus exceeding its kokumi threshold by a factor of 4 and giving evidence for its potential taste modulation activity in processed garlic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Wakamatsu
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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34
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Lee HJ, Suh HJ, Han SH, Hong J, Choi HS. Optimization of Extraction of Cycloalliin from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) by Using Principal Components Analysis. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:138-46. [PMID: 27390731 PMCID: PMC4935241 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the optimal extraction conditions for obtaining organosulfur compounds, such as cycloalliin, from garlic by using principal component analysis (PCA). Extraction variables including temperature (40~80°C), time (0.5~12 h), and pH (4~12) were investigated for the highest cycloalliin yields. The cycloalliin yield (5.5 mmol/mL) at pH 10 was enhanced by ~40% relative to those (~3.9 mmol/mL) at pH 4 and pH 6. The cycloalliin level at 80°C showed the highest yield among the tested temperatures (5.05 mmol/mL). Prolonged extraction times also increased cycloalliin yield; the yield after 12 h was enhanced ~2-fold (4 mmol/mL) compared to the control. Isoalliin and cycloalliin levels were inversely correlated, whereas a direct correlation between polyphenol and cycloalliin levels was observed. In storage for 30 days, garlic stored at 60°C (11 mmol/mL) showed higher levels of cycloalliin and polyphenols than those at 40°C, with the maximum cycloalliin level (13 mmol/mL) on day 15. Based on the PCA analysis, the isoalliin level depended on the extraction time, while cycloalliin amounts were influenced not only by extraction time, but also by pH and temperature. Taken together, extraction of garlic at 80°C, with an incubation time of 12 h, at pH 10 afforded the maximum yield of cycloalliin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; Institute for Biomaterials, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Institute for Biomaterials, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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35
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Nakabayashi R, Sawada Y, Aoyagi M, Yamada Y, Hirai MY, Sakurai T, Kamoi T, Rowan DD, Saito K. Chemical Assignment of Structural Isomers of Sulfur-Containing Metabolites in Garlic by Liquid Chromatography-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance-Mass Spectrometry. J Nutr 2016; 146:397S-402S. [PMID: 26764333 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.202317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemical assignment of metabolites is crucial to understanding the relation between food composition and biological activity. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to detect and chemically assign sulfur-containing metabolites by using LC-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) in Allium plants. METHODS Ultrahigh resolution (>250,000 full width at half-maximum) and mass accuracy (<1 mDa) by FTICR-MS allowed us to distinguish ions containing sulfur isotopes ((32)S and (34)S). RESULTS Putative 69 S-containing monoisotopic ions (S-ions) were extracted from the metabolome data of onion (Allium cepa), green onion (Allium fistulosum), and garlic (Allium sativum) on the basis of theoretical mass differences between (32)S-ions and their (34)S-substituted counterparts and on the natural abundance of (34)S. Eight S-ions were chemically assigned by using the reference data according to the guidelines of the Metabolomics Standards Initiative. Three ions detected in garlic were assigned as derived from the isomers γ-glutamyl-S-1-propenylcysteine and γ-glutamyl-S-2-propenylcysteine and as S-2-propenylmercaptoglutathione on the basis of differences in key product ions identified in reference tandem MS spectra. CONCLUSION The ability to discriminate between such geometric isomers will be extremely useful for the chemical assignment of unknown metabolites in MS-based metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Morihiro Aoyagi
- Central Research and Development Institute, House Foods Group, Inc., Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamoi
- Central Research and Development Institute, House Foods Group, Inc., Chiba, Japan
| | - Daryl D Rowan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand; and
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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36
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Bierstedt A, Riedel J. Airborne laser-spark for ambient desorption/ionisation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2016; 22:105-114. [PMID: 27553731 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel direct sampling ionisation scheme for ambient mass spectrometry is presented. Desorption and ionisation are achieved by a quasi-continuous laser induced plasma in air. Since there are no solid or liquid electrodes involved the ion source does not suffer from chemical interferences or fatigue originating from erosive burning or from electrode consumption. The overall plasma maintains electro-neutrality, minimising charge effects and accompanying long term drift of the charged particles trajectories. In the airborne plasma approach the ambient air not only serves as the plasma medium but at the same time also slows down the nascent ions via collisional cooling. Ionisation of the analyte molecules does not occur in the plasma itself but is induced by interaction with nascent ionic fragments, electrons and/or far ultraviolet photons in the plasma vicinity. At each individual air-spark an audible shockwave is formed, providing new reactive species, which expands concentrically and, thus, prevents direct contact of the analyte with the hot region inside the plasma itself. As a consequence the interaction volume between plasma and analyte does not exceed the threshold temperature for thermal dissociation or fragmentation. Experimentally this indirect ionisation scheme is demonstrated to be widely unspecific to the chemical nature of the analyte and to hardly result in any fragmentation of the studied molecules. A vast ensemble of different test analytes including polar and non-polar hydrocarbons, sugars, low mass active ingredients of pharmaceuticals as well as natural biomolecules in food samples directly out of their complex matrices could be shown to yield easily accessible yet meaningful spectra. Since the plasma medium is humid air, the chemical reaction mechanism of the ionisation is likely to be similar to other ambient ionisation techniques. Wir stellen hier eine neue Ionisationsmethode für die Umgebungsionisation (ambient ionisation) vor. Sowohl die Desorption als auch die Ionisation erfolgen hierbei durch ein laserbetriebenes Luftplasma. Die Abwesenheit fester oder flüssiger Elektroden hat zur Folge, dass die Methode weder unter chemischen Interferenzen noch unter Verschleiß durch Korrosionsbrand oder abgetragenes Elektrodenmaterial leidet. Insgesamt betrachtet herrscht in dem Plasma Elektroneutralität, wodurch Aufladungseffekte minimiert werden, die andernfalls zu einer langfristigenÄderung der Flugbahnen von Ionen während der Experimente führen kann. In dem Ansatz eine freischwebende Luftentladung bei Atmosphärendruck zu verwenden agiert die Luft nicht nur als Plasmamedium sondert dient zusätzlich als Badgas für die stoßinduzierte Kühlung der entstehenden Ionen. Die Ionisierung der Analytmoleküle erfolgt nicht unmittelbar im Plasma sondern in dessen direkter Umgebung durch Wechselwirkung mit freigesetzten ionischen Luftspezies, freien Elektronen oder Photonen im kurzwelligen ultravioletten Bereich. Jede Laserentladung erzeugt eine hörbare Stoßwelle, in welcher neu produzierte reaktive Spezies freigesetzt werden, welche sich konzentrisch ausbreiten, so dass eine Diffusion der Analytmoleküle ins heiße Innere des Plasmas verhindert wird. Daraus folgt, dass im Interaktionsvolumen zwischen Plasma und Analyt der Temperaturgrenzwert für eine thermische Dissoziation oder Fragmentierung der Moleküle nicht überschritten wird. Experimentell konnte belegt werden, dass das vorgestellte Ionisierungsschema sehr unselektiv bezüglich der chemischen Analytklasse ist und kaum Fragmentierungsprodukte beobachtet werden können. Messungen einer breitgefächerten Auswahl unterschiedlicher Testsubstanzen, wie beispielsweise polarer und unpolarer Kohlenwasserstoffe, Zuckern, niedermolekularer pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe, sowie natürlicher Biomoleküle in Lebensmittelproben unmittelbar aus ihren komplexen Matrizes, führten zu aussagekräftigen Massenspektren. Zumal das Lasermedium feuchte Luft ist, scheint der Reaktionsmechanismus dem anderer Atmosphärendruckionisierungsmethoden zuähneln.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bierstedt
- Department 1.9 Chemical and Optical Sensing, BAM, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Riedel
- Department 1.9 Chemical and Optical Sensing, BAM, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Richard- Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Mahendran A, Ghogare AA, Bittman R, Arthur G, Greer A. Synthesis and antiproliferative properties of a new ceramide analog of varacin. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 194:165-70. [PMID: 26254858 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A benzopentasulfane was synthesized in 8 steps with a ceramide attached through an amide bond to the 7-position of the heterocycle structure. The anticancer activity of this synthetic ceramide-benzopolysulfane drug conjugate was analyzed against five human cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (breast), DU145 (prostate), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas), HeLa (cervix), and U251 (glioblastoma). The ceramide-benzopolysulfane conjugate had IC50 values ranging from 10 to >20 μM with complete cell killing at 12.5 μM for MDA-MB-231 and 20 μM for DU145 and HeLa cells. The ceramide-benzopolysulfane conjugate had IC50 values 1.8 and 4.0 times lower than a PEG benzopolysulfane, N-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)benzo[f][1,2,3,4,5]-pentathiepine-7-carboxamide, for MDA-MB-231 and DU145 cells, respectively. The parent "unsubstituted" benzopolysulfane, o-C6H4S5, had IC50 values 4.2 times lower and 2.7 times higher than the ceramide benzopolysulfane for MDA-MB-231 and DU145 cells, respectively. The results indicate that the polysulfur linkage is needed for activity since benzenedithiol, o-C6H4(SH)2, had IC50 values greater than 30 μM with little effect on MDA-MB-231 and DU145 cells. Thus, to account for the bioactivity, a bimolecular reaction of cellular thiol with the ceramide benzopolysulfane is a proposed followed by thiozone (S3) extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaickapillai Mahendran
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Graduate Center, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA.
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Ding X, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry techniques: The current status and future prospective. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:449-73. [PMID: 24338668 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry is emerging as a frontier technology for direct analysis of sample that employs low-energy plasma as the ionization reagent. The versatile sources of ambient mass spectrometry (MS) can be classified according to the plasma formation approaches; namely, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, and microwave-induced discharge. These techniques allow pretreatment-free detection of samples, ranging from biological materials (e.g., flies, bacteria, plants, tissues, peptides, metabolites, and lipids) to pharmaceuticals, food-stuffs, polymers, chemical warfare reagents, and daily-use chemicals. In most cases, plasma-based ambient MS performs well as a qualitative tool and as an analyzer for semi-quantitation. Herein, we provide an overview of the key concepts, mechanisms, and applications of plasma-based ambient MS techniques, and discuss the challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rahman AM, Angawi RF, Kadi AA. Spatial localisation of curcumin and rapid screening of the chemical compositions of turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa Linn.) using Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS). Food Chem 2015; 173:489-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Freeman F. Mechanisms of reactions of sulfur hydride hydroxide: tautomerism, condensations, and C-sulfenylation and O-sulfenylation of 2,4-pentanedione. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3500-17. [PMID: 25763808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conformations, equilibrium structures, hydrogen bonds, and non-covalent interactions involved in the mechanisms of tautomerization, condensations, and C-sulfenylation and O-sulfenylation of 2,4-pentanedione by sulfur hydride hydroxide (hydrogen thioperoxide, oxadisulfane, H-SOH) have been studied using BD(T), CCSD(T), and QCISD(T) with the cc-pVTZ basis set and using B3LYP, B3PW91, CAM-B3LYP, PBE1PBE, PBEh1PBE, LC-ωPBE, M06-2X, and ωB97XD with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. All levels of theory predict the sulfenyl (H-SOH) tautomer of hydrogen thioperoxide to be lower in energy than the sulfinyl (H2S═O) tautomer. Four reasonable mechanisms were considered for the tautomerization of the sulfenyl tautomer of hydrogen thioperoxide to the sulfinyl tautomer: a cyclic three-membered water-free transition state (TS, CCSD(T) activation energy barrier E(⧧) = 65.1 kcal/mol), a cyclic five-membered transition state with one water molecule (TSH2O, E(⧧) = 31.1 kcal/mol), a cyclic seven-membered transition state with two water molecules (TS2H2O, E(⧧) = 14.5 kcal/mol), and a cyclic nine-membered transition state with three water molecules (TS3H2O, E(⧧) = 5.6 kcal/mol). The mechanisms involve hydrogen-bonded reactant complexes and hydrogen-bonded product complexes. The CCSD(T)-predicted energy barriers for the condensation of hydrogen thioperoxide to form thiosulfinic acid through transition states with zero, one, and two waters are E(⧧) = 42.0, 18.3, and 0 kcal/mol, respectively. Mixed condensation reactions are predicted to afford organosulfur products and compounds containing sulfur-selenium bonds. Hydrogen thioperoxide is predicted to add to 2,4-pentanedione to form C-sulfenylated (sulfide, thioether) and O-sulfenylated (sulfenate ester) products. Similar mechanistic trends and reaction pathways are observed in the tautomerism, condensations, and C-sulfenylation and O-sulfenylation reactions of hydrogen thioperoxide. The water molecules set up proton relay networks (bridges) that reduce ring strain, generate favorable conformations for reactivity, lower energy barriers, and increase the numbers of stabilizing hydrogen bonds and nonbonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillmore Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Chang Q, Peng Y, Dan C, Shuai Q, Hu S. Rapid in situ identification of bioactive compounds in plants by in vivo nanospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2911-2918. [PMID: 25749134 DOI: 10.1021/jf505749n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method for the rapid in situ identification of bioactive compounds in fresh plants has been developed using in vivo nanospray coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Using a homemade in vivo nanospray ion source, the plant liquid was drawn out from a target region and ionized in situ. The ionized bioactive compounds were then identified using Q-Orbitrap HR-MS. The accurate mass measurements of these bioactive compounds were performed by full-scan or selected ion monitoring (SIM), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used in the structural elucidation. Without sample pretreatment, 12 bioactive compounds in 7 different plant species were identified, namely, isoalliin in onion; butylphthalide in celery; N-methylpelletierine, pelletierine, and pseudopelletierine in pomegranate; chlorogenic acid in crabapple; solamargine, solasonine, and solasodine in nightshade; aloin and aloe-emodin in aloe; and menthone in mint. This work demonstrates that in vivo nanospray HR-MS is a good method for rapid in situ identification of bioactive compounds in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- †State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, ‡Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, and #Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wu Han 40074, China
| | - Yue'e Peng
- †State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, ‡Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, and #Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wu Han 40074, China
| | - Conghui Dan
- †State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, ‡Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, and #Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wu Han 40074, China
| | - Qin Shuai
- †State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, ‡Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, and #Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wu Han 40074, China
| | - Shenghong Hu
- †State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, ‡Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, and #Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wu Han 40074, China
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Zhang H, Chingin K, Zhu L, Chen H. Molecular Characterization of Ongoing Enzymatic Reactions in Raw Garlic Cloves Using Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2878-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504371z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for
Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 P.R. China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for
Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for
Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 P.R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for
Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013 P.R. China
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Zhao Z, Duan Y. Microwave induced plasma desorption ionization (MIPDI) mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis of preservatives in cosmetics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantitative and qualitative behaviors of the MIPDI source were systematically studied for the first time in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- PR China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Sichuan University
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Nematollahi D, Feyzi Barnaji B, Amani A. Electrochemical evidences for the reaction of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine with organosulfur compounds contained in garlic and onion extracts. Treatment of acetaminophen poisoning using garlic and onion extracts. J Sulphur Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2014.963580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Nematollahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Zip Code 65178-38683, Iran
| | | | - Ameneh Amani
- Department of Medicinal Plants Production, Nahavand University, Nahavand, Iran
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Recent Advances in the Application of Metabolomics to Studies of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) Produced by Plant. Metabolites 2014; 4:699-721. [PMID: 25257996 PMCID: PMC4192688 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In many plants, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are produced as specialized metabolites that contribute to the characteristics of each plant. The varieties and composition of BVOCs are chemically diverse by plant species and the circumstances in which the plants grow, and also influenced by herbivory damage and pathogen infection. Plant-produced BVOCs are receptive to many organisms, from microorganisms to human, as both airborne attractants and repellants. In addition, it is known that some BVOCs act as signals to prime a plant for the defense response in plant-to-plant communications. The compositional profiles of BVOCs can, thus, have profound influences in the physiological and ecological aspects of living organisms. Apart from that, some of them are commercially valuable as aroma/flavor compounds for human. Metabolomic technologies have recently revealed new insights in biological systems through metabolic dynamics. Here, the recent advances in metabolomics technologies focusing on plant-produced BVOC analyses are overviewed. Their application markedly improves our knowledge of the role of BVOCs in chemosystematics, ecological influences, and aroma research, as well as being useful to prove the biosynthetic mechanisms of BVOCs.
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Locatelli DA, Altamirano JC, Luco JM, Norlin R, Camargo AB. Solid phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography. Analysis of organosulphur compounds avoiding artifacts formation. Food Chem 2014; 157:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Soininen TH, Jukarainen N, Auriola SOK, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Karjalainen R, Vepsäläinen JJ. Quantitative metabolite profiling of edible onion species by NMR and HPLC-MS. Food Chem 2014; 165:499-505. [PMID: 25038704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Allium genus is a treasure trove of valuable bioactive compounds with potentially therapeutically important properties. This work utilises HPLC-MS and a constrained total-line-shape (CTLS) approach applied to (1)H NMR spectra to quantify metabolites present in onion species to reveal important inter-species differences. Extensive differences were detected between the sugar concentrations in onion species. Yellow onion contained the highest and red onion the lowest amounts of amino acids. The main flavonol-glucosides were quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside and quercetin 4'-glucoside. In general, the levels of flavonols were, higher in yellow onions than in red onions, and garlic and leek contained a lower amount of flavonols than the other Allium species. Our results highlight how (1)H NMR together with HPLC-MS can be useful in the quantification and the identification of the most abundant metabolites, representing an efficient means to pinpoint important functional food ingredients from Allium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula H Soininen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niko Jukarainen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department of Biology, Natural Product Research Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Reijo Karjalainen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouko J Vepsäläinen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Soininen TH, Jukarainen N, Soininen P, Auriola SOK, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Oleszek W, Stochmal A, Karjalainen RO, Vepsäläinen JJ. Metabolite profiling of leek (Allium porrum L) cultivars by (1) H NMR and HPLC-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:220-228. [PMID: 24408868 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum) is consumed as a vegetable throughout the world. However, little is known about the metabolites of leek cultivars, especially those with potentially important beneficial properties for human health. OBJECTIVE We provide new information for the overall metabolite composition of several leek cultivars grown in Europe by using HPLC-MS and (1) H NMR. METHODS The use of a novel CTLS/NMR (constrained total-line-shape nuclear magnetic resonance) approach was found to be capable of reliable quantification, even with overlapping metabolite signals in the (1) H NMR of plant metabolites. Additionally, a new application for leek flavonoids was optimised for HPLC-MS. RESULTS The total concentration of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, kestose/nystose and sucrose) and nine amino acids varied by fourfold in leek juice from different cultivars, while the total concentrations of four organic acids were similar in all cultivars. All the quantified flavonols were kaempferol derivatives or quercetin derivatives and threefold differences in flavonol concentrations were detected between cultivars. CONCLUSION In this study, various phytochemical profiles were determined for several leek cultivars by (1) H NMR spectroscopy with CTLS combined with HPLC-MS. The wide variation in bioactive compounds among commercial leek cultivars offers promising opportunities for breeders to raise the levels of important biochemical compounds in leek breeding lines, and also provides some objective measure for quality assurance for the leek industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula H Soininen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Olech Z, Zaborska W, Kot M. Jack bean urease inhibition by crude juices of Allium and Brassica plants. Determination of thiosulfinates. Food Chem 2014; 145:154-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The use of medicinal plants or other naturally derived products to relieve illness can be traced back over several millennia, and these natural products are still extensively used nowadays. Studies on natural products have, over the years, enormously contributed to the development of therapeutic drugs used in modern medicine. By means of the use of these substances as selective agonists, antagonists, enzyme inhibitors or activators, it has been possible to understand the complex function of many relevant targets. For instance, in an attempt to understand how pepper species evoke hot and painful actions, the pungent and active constituent capsaicin (from Capsicum sp.) was isolated in 1846 and the receptor for the biological actions of capsaicin was cloned in 1997, which is now known as TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1). Thus, TRPV1 agonists and antagonists have currently been tested in order to find new drug classes to treat different disorders. Indeed, the transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are targets for several natural compounds, and antagonists of TRPs have been synthesised based on the knowledge of naturally derived products. In this context, this chapter focuses on naturally derived compounds (from plants and animals) that are reported to be able to modulate TRP channels. To clarify and make the understanding of the modulatory effects of natural compounds on TRPs easier, this chapter is divided into groups according to TRP subfamilies: TRPV (TRP vanilloid), TRPA (TRP ankyrin), TRPM (TRP melastatin), TRPC (TRP canonical) and TRPP (TRP polycystin). A general overview on the naturally derived compounds that modulate TRPs is depicted in Table 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Carla Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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