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Bhartia B, Jayaraman S, Troadec C, Madapusi SP, Puniredd SR. Grafting of Organophosphonic Acid Monolayers on Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surface and Secondary Functionalization in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12063-12074. [PMID: 37581455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The monolayer grafting on the oxide-free Si surface is challenging due to vulnerability of the surface against oxide formation in an ambient atmosphere. Most of the conventional studies focused on organic solvent-based chemistry and solvent and substrate interfaces, and residual solvents after the monolayer grafting play a key role in producing the highly stable monolayers. CO2 in its supercritical state (SCCO2) provides an elegant engineering solution for the problem faced as it can be used as inert processing environment and as carrier fluid for monolayer grafting taking up the role of organic solvents. In this work, monolayers of alkyl organophosphonic acids (OPAs) and functional OPAs were grafted on hydrogen-terminated oxide-free Si surfaces using the SCCO2 process. Grafted monolayers were physically and chemically characterized to verify the successful monolayer formation and determine the nature of the covalent binding configuration on the surface. To broaden the prospects of practical utility of the process and the OPA monolayer, the (3-bromopropyl)phosphonic acid (BPPA) monolayer was demonstrated to undergo secondary functionalization by terminal group substitution to convert the Br terminal group to the OH terminal group and secondary monolayer grafting to assemble 4-fluorothiophenol on top of the BPPA monolayer. The ability of monolayers to sustain secondary functionalization processing qualitatively hints toward ordered and stable monolayers of OPAs. The developed SCCO2 process in this work presents a single-step, green, and scalable method to graft the OPA monolayer on oxide-free Si which can employed in the future for monolayer doping, highly selective biochemical sensors, and targeted biological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Bhartia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-3, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sundaramurthy Jayaraman
- YSQ International Pte Ltd, 401 Commonwealth Drive, #07-01, Singapore 149598, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cedric Troadec
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-3, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Srinivasan Palavedu Madapusi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, P.O. Box No. 345055, Dubai 500001, UAE
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Puniredd
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-3, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, #01-02, Singapore 138669, Republic of Singapore
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2
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Singh GP, Sardana N. Smartphone-based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: a Review. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2022; 17:1869-1888. [PMID: 35702265 PMCID: PMC9184243 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-022-01672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon based on the combination of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, which leads to the creation of charge oscillations on a metal-dielectric interface. The SPR phenomenon creates a signal which measures refractive index change at the metal-dielectric interface. SPR-based sensors are being developed for real-time and label-free detection of water pollutants, toxins, disease biomarkers, etc., which are highly sensitive and selective. Smartphones provide hardware and software capability which can be incorporated into SPR sensors, enabling the possibility of economical and accurate on-site portable sensing. The camera, screen, and LED flashlight of the smartphone can be employed as components of the sensor. The current article explores the recent advances in smartphone-based SPR sensors by studying their principle, components, application, and signal processing. Furthermore, the general theoretical and practical aspects of SPR sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pal Singh
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001 India
| | - Neha Sardana
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001 India
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3
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Electrochemical and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Surface Characterization of Interchain-Driven Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) Reorganization. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050867. [PMID: 35269355 PMCID: PMC8912756 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a combined strategy encompassing electrochemical and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments to investigate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) conformational reorganization onto an electrode surface due to the application of an electrical field. In particular, 3-mercaptopriopionic acid SAM (3MPA SAM) modified gold electrodes are activated with a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS) (EDC-NHSS) mixture by shortening the activation time, from 2 h to 15/20 min, labelled as Protocol-A, -B and -C, respectively. This step, later followed by a deactivation process with ethanolamine (EA), plays a key role in the reaction yields (formation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-mercaptopropanamide, NMPA) but also in the conformational rearrangement observed during the application of the electrical field. This study aims at explaining the high performance (i.e., single-molecule detection at a large electrode interface) of bioelectronic devices, where the 3MPA-based SAM structure is pivotal in achieving extremely high sensing performance levels due to its interchain interaction. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments performed in K4Fe(CN)6:K3Fe(CN)6 for 3MPA SAMs that are activated/deactivated show similar trends of anodic peak current (IA) over time, mainly related to the presence of interchain hydrogen bonds, driving the conformational rearrangements (tightening of SAMs structure) while applying an electrical field. In addition, XPS analysis allows correlation of the deactivation yield with electrochemical data (conformational rearrangements), identifying the best protocol in terms of high reaction yield, mainly related to the shorter reaction time, and not triggering any side reactions. Finally, Protocol-C’s SAM surface coverage, determined by CV in H2SO4 and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in NaOH, was 1.29 * 1013 molecules cm−2, being similar to the bioreceptor surface coverage in single-molecule detection at a large electrode interface.
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Wu C, Zheng J, Hu J. Novel antifouling polysulfone matrix membrane modified with zwitterionic polymer. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Drozd M, Karoń S, Malinowska E. Recent Advancements in Receptor Layer Engineering for Applications in SPR-Based Immunodiagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3781. [PMID: 34072572 PMCID: PMC8198293 DOI: 10.3390/s21113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress in the development of surface plasmon resonance-based immunosensing platforms offers wide application possibilities in medical diagnostics as a label-free alternative to enzyme immunoassays. The early diagnosis of diseases or metabolic changes through the detection of biomarkers in body fluids requires methods characterized by a very good sensitivity and selectivity. In the case of the SPR technique, as well as other surface-sensitive detection strategies, the quality of the transducer-immunoreceptor interphase is crucial for maintaining the analytical reliability of an assay. In this work, an overview of general approaches to the design of functional SPR-immunoassays is presented. It covers both immunosensors, the design of which utilizes well-known and often commercially available substrates, as well as the latest solutions developed in-house. Various approaches employing chemical and passive binding, affinity-based antibody immobilization, and the introduction of nanomaterial-based surfaces are discussed. The essence of their influence on the improvement of the main analytical parameters of a given immunosensor is explained. Particular attention is paid to solutions compatible with the latest trends in the development of label-free immunosensors, such as platforms dedicated to real-time monitoring in a quasi-continuous mode, the use of in situ-generated receptor layers (elimination of the regeneration step), and biosensors using recombinant and labelled protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drozd
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Karoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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Duanghathaipornsuk S, Reaver NGF, Cameron BD, Kim DS. Adsorption Kinetics of Glycated Hemoglobin on Aptamer Microarrays with Antifouling Surface Modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4647-4657. [PMID: 33797255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotides that bind with high affinity to target molecules of interest. One such target is glycated hemoglobin (gHb), a biomarker for assessing glycemic control and diabetes diagnosis. By the coupling of aptamers with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing surfaces, a fast, reliable and inexpensive assay for gHb can be developed. In this study, we tested the affinity of SPR-sensing surfaces, composed of aptamers and antifouling self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), to hemoglobin (Hb) and gHb. First, we developed a gHb-targeted aptamer (GHA) through a modified Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential (SELEX) enrichment process and tested its affinity to gHb using the Nano-Affi protocol. GHA was used to produce three distinct SAM-SPR-sensing surfaces: (Type-1) a SAM of GHA directly attached to a sensor surface; (Type-2) GHA attached to a SAM of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11MUA) on a sensor surface; (Type-3) GHA attached to a binary SAM of 11MUA and 3,6-dioxa-8-mercaptooctan-1-ol (DMOL) on a sensor surface. Type-2 and Type-3 surfaces were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to confirm that GHA bound to the underlying SAMs. The adsorption kinetics for Hb and gHb interacting with each SPR sensing surface were used to quantify their respective affinities. The Type-1 surface without antifouling modification had a dissociation constant ratio (KD,Hb/KD,gHb) of 9.7, as compared to 809.3 for the Type-3 surface, demonstrating a higher association of GHA to gHb for sensor surfaces with antifouling modifications than those without. The enhanced selectivity of GHA to gHb can likely be attributed to the inclusion of DMOL in the SAM-modified surface, which reduced interference from nonspecific adsorption of proteins. Results suggest that pairing aptamers with antifouling SAMs can significantly improve their target affinity, potentially allowing for the development of novel, low cost, and fast assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachet Duanghathaipornsuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Nathan G F Reaver
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and the Environment Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Water Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent D Cameron
- Department of Bioengineering, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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7
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Chiodi E, Marn AM, Geib MT, Ünlü MS. The Role of Surface Chemistry in the Efficacy of Protein and DNA Microarrays for Label-Free Detection: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1026. [PMID: 33810267 PMCID: PMC8036480 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microarrays in diagnostics and medicine has drastically increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, the efficiency of a microarray-based assay intrinsically depends on the density and functionality of the biorecognition elements immobilized onto each sensor spot. Recently, researchers have put effort into developing new functionalization strategies and technologies which provide efficient immobilization and stability of any sort of molecule. Here, we present an overview of the most widely used methods of surface functionalization of microarray substrates, as well as the most recent advances in the field, and compare their performance in terms of optimal immobilization of the bioreceptor molecules. We focus on label-free microarrays and, in particular, we aim to describe the impact of surface chemistry on two types of microarray-based sensors: microarrays for single particle imaging and for label-free measurements of binding kinetics. Both protein and DNA microarrays are taken into consideration, and the effect of different polymeric coatings on the molecules' functionalities is critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chiodi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - Allison M. Marn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - Matthew T. Geib
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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8
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Dhakal S, Shafaat H, Balasubramaniam VM. Thermal and high‐pressure treatment stability of egg‐white avidin in aqueous solution. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyThe Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Hannah Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - V. M. Balasubramaniam
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyThe Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Food Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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9
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Wu C, Zhou Y, Wang H, Hu J, Wang X. Formation of antifouling functional coating from deposition of a zwitterionic-co-nonionic polymer via “grafting to” approach. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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Wu C, Zhou Y, Wang H, Hu J. P4VP Modified Zwitterionic Polymer for the Preparation of Antifouling Functionalized Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E706. [PMID: 31067668 PMCID: PMC6566957 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers are suitable for replacing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers because of their better antifouling properties, but zwitterionic polymers have poor mechanical properties, strong water absorption, and their homopolymers should not be used directly. To solve these problems, a reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization process was used to prepare copolymers comprised of zwitterionic side chains that were attached to an ITO glass substrate using spin-casting. The presence of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and zwitterion chains on these polymer-coated ITO surfaces was confirmed using 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC analyses, with successful surface functionalization confirmed using water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. Changes in water contact angles and C/O ratios (XPS) analysis demonstrated that the functionalization of these polymers with β-propiolactone resulted in hydrophilic mixed 4VP/zwitterionic polymers. Protein adsorption and cell attachment assays were used to optimize the ratio of the zwitterionic component to maximize the antifouling properties of the polymer brush surface. This work demonstrated that the antifouling surface coatings could be readily prepared using a "P4VP-modified" method, that is, the functionality of P4VP to modify the prepared zwitterionic polymer. We believe these materials are likely to be useful for the preparation of biomaterials for biosensing and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yudan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jianhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
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11
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Zarei L, Tavallaie R, Choudhury MH, Parker SG, Bakthavathsalam P, Ciampi S, Gonçales VR, Gooding JJ. DNA-Hybridization Detection on Si(100) Surfaces Using Light-Activated Electrochemistry: A Comparative Study between Bovine Serum Albumin and Hexaethylene Glycol as Antifouling Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14817-14824. [PMID: 30185042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Light can be used to spatially resolve electrochemical measurements on a semiconductor electrode. This phenomenon has been explored to detect DNA hybridization with light-addressable potentiometric sensors and, more recently, with light-addressable amperometric sensors based on organic-monolayer-protected Si(100). Here, a contribution to the field is presented by comparing sensing performances when bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hexaethylene glycol (OEG6) are employed as antifouling layers that resist nonspecific adsorption to the DNA-modified interface on Si(100) devices. What is observed is that both sensors based on BSA or OEG6 initially allow electrochemical distinction among complementary, noncomplementary, and mismatched DNA targets. However, only surfaces based on OEG6 can sustain electroactivity over time. Our results suggest that this relates to accelerated SiO x formation occasioned by BSA proteins adsorbing on monolayer-protected Si(100) surfaces. Therefore, DNA biosensors were analytically explored on low-doped Si(100) electrodes modified on the molecular level with OEG6 as an antifouling layer. First, light-activated electrochemical responses were recorded over a range of complementary DNA target concentrations. A linear semilog relation was obtained from 1.0 × 10-11 to 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.942. Then, measurements with three independent surfaces indicated a relative standard deviation of 4.5%. Finally, selectivity tests were successfully performed in complex samples consisting of a cocktail mixture of four different DNA sequences. Together, these results indicate that reliable and stable light-activated amperometric DNA sensors can be achieved on Si(100) by employing OEG6 as an antifouling layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarei
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Roya Tavallaie
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Moinul H Choudhury
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Stephen G Parker
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Padmavathy Bakthavathsalam
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- Department of Chemistry , Curtin University , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
| | - Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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AIE-based superwettable microchips for evaporation and aggregation induced fluorescence enhancement biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 111:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Wang M, Hu B, Ji H, Song Y, Liu J, Peng D, He L, Zhang Z. Aptasensor Based on Hierarchical Core-Shell Nanocomposites of Zirconium Hexacyanoferrate Nanoparticles and Mesoporous mFe 3O 4@mC: Electrochemical Quantitation of Epithelial Tumor Marker Mucin-1. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6809-6818. [PMID: 30023533 PMCID: PMC6044583 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanostructured hierarchical core-shell nanocomposite of zirconium hexacyanoferrate (ZrHCF) and a mesoporous nanomaterial composed of Fe3O4 and carbon nanospheres (denoted as ZrHCF@mFe3O4@mC) was prepared and used as a novel platform for an aptasensor to detect the epithelial tumor marker mucin-1 (MUC1) sensitively and selectively. The prepared ZrHCF@mFe3O4@mC nanocomposite exhibited good chemical functionality, water stability, and high specific surface area. Therefore, large amounts of aptamer molecules resulted in high sensitivity of the developed electrochemical aptasensor toward traces of MUC1. The constructed sensor also showed a good linear relationship with the logarithm of MUC1 concentration in the broad range of 0.01 ng·mL-1 to 1.0 μg·mL-1, with a low detection limit of 0.90 pg·mL-1. The fabricated ZrHCF@mFe3O4@mC-based aptasensor exhibited not only high selectivity because of the formation of aptamer-MUC1 complex but also good stability, acceptable reproducibility, and applicability. The proposed novel strategy based on a newly prepared hierarchical core-shell nanocomposite demonstrated outstanding biosensing performance and presents potential applications in biomedical fields.
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14
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Tran RJ, Sly KL, Conboy JC. Applications of Surface Second Harmonic Generation in Biological Sensing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:387-414. [PMID: 28301745 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface second harmonic generation (SHG) is a coherent, nonlinear optical technique that is well suited for investigations of biomolecular interactions at interfaces. SHG is surface specific due to the intrinsic symmetry constraints on the nonlinear process, providing a distinct analytical advantage over linear spectroscopic methods, such as fluorescence and UV-Visible absorbance spectroscopies. SHG has the ability to detect low concentrations of analytes, such as proteins, peptides, and small molecules, due to its high sensitivity, and the second harmonic response can be enhanced through the use of target molecules that are resonant with the incident (ω) and/or second harmonic (2ω) frequencies. This review describes the theoretical background of SHG, and then it discusses its sensitivity, limit of detection, and the implementation of the method. It also encompasses the applications of surface SHG directed at the study of protein-surface, small-molecule-surface, and nanoparticle-membrane interactions, as well as molecular chirality, imaging, and immunoassays. The versatility, high sensitivity, and surface specificity of SHG show great potential for developments in biosensors and bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;
| | - Krystal L Sly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;
| | - John C Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112;
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15
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Ünlü NL, Kanik FE, Seymour E, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. DNA-Directed Antibody Immobilization for Robust Protein Microarrays: Application to Single Particle Detection 'DNA-Directed Antibody Immobilization. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1571:187-206. [PMID: 28281257 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6848-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarrays are emerging tools which have become very powerful in multiplexed detection technologies. A variety of proteins can be immobilized on a sensor chip allowing for multiplexed diagnostics. Therefore, various types of analyte in a small volume of sample can be detected simultaneously. Protein immobilization is a crucial step for creating a robust and sensitive protein microarray-based detection system. In order to achieve a successful protein immobilization and preserve the activity of the proteins after immobilization, DNA-directed immobilization is a promising technique. Here, we present the design and the use of DNA-directed immobilized (DDI) antibodies in fabrication of robust protein microarrays. We focus on application of protein microarrays for capturing and detecting nanoparticles such as intact viruses. Experimental results on Single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS) are used to validate the advantages of the DDI method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey
| | - Fulya Ekiz Kanik
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elif Seymour
- Biotechnology Research Program Department, ASELSAN Research Center, Ankara, 06370, Turkey
| | - John H Connor
- Microbiology Department, Boston University School of Medicine, 8 St Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Microbiology Department, Boston University School of Medicine, 8 St Mary's St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Bakhshpour M, Özgür E, Bereli N, Denizli A. Microcontact imprinted quartz crystal microbalance nanosensor for protein C recognition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:264-270. [PMID: 28024202 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of protein C (PC) in human serum was performed by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based on molecular imprinting technique (MIP). The high-resolution and mass-sensitive QCM based sensor was integrated with high sensitivity and selectivity of the MIP technique. The PC microcontact imprinted (PC-μCIP) nanofilm was prepared on the glass surface. Then, the PC-μCIP/QCM sensor was prepared with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and N-methacryloyl l-histidine methylester (MAH) as the functional monomer with copper(II) ions. The polymerization was performed under UV light (100W and 365nm) for 20-25min under nitrogen atmosphere. The characterization studies of QCM sensor were done by observation using atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, ellipsometry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Detection of PC was investigated in a concentration range of 0.1-30μg/mL. Selectivity of PC-μCIP and PC non-imprinted/QCM (PC-non-μCIP) sensors for PC determination was investigated by using proteins namely hemoglobin (Hb), human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen solutions. QCM sensor was also used for detection of PC molecules in aqueous solutions and human plasma. The detection limit was determined as 0.01μg/mL for PC analysis. The PC-μCIP/QCM sensor was used for five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. According to the results, the PC-μCIP/QCM sensor had obtained high selectivity and sensitivity for detection of PC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erdoğan Özgür
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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17
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Dibekkaya H, Saylan Y, Yılmaz F, Derazshamshir A, Denizli A. Surface plasmon resonance sensors for real-time detection of cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1201756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Seymour E, Daaboul GG, Zhang X, Scherr SM, Ünlü NL, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. DNA-Directed Antibody Immobilization for Enhanced Detection of Single Viral Pathogens. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10505-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Seymour
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - George G. Daaboul
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xirui Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Steven M. Scherr
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- School
of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34730, Turkey
| | - John H. Connor
- Department
of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02218, United States
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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19
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Shetty D, Khedkar JK, Park KM, Kim K. Can we beat the biotin-avidin pair?: cucurbit[7]uril-based ultrahigh affinity host-guest complexes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8747-61. [PMID: 26434388 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00631g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design of synthetic, monovalent host-guest molecular recognition pairs is still challenging and of particular interest to inquire into the limits of the affinity that can be achieved with designed systems. In this regard, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), an important member of the host family cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 5-8, 10, 14), has attracted much attention because of its ability to form ultra-stable complexes with multiple guests. The strong hydrophobic effect between the host cavity and guests, ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions of guests with CB portals helps in cooperative and multiple noncovalent interactions that are essential for realizing such strong complexations. These highly selective, strong yet dynamic interactions can be exploited in many applications including affinity chromatography, biomolecule immobilization, protein isolation, biological catalysis, and sensor technologies. In this review, we summarize the progress in the development of high affinity guests for CB[7], factors affecting the stability of complexes, theoretical insights, and the utility of these high affinity pairs in different challenging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Shetty
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Wold ED, McBride R, Axup JY, Kazane SA, Smider VV. Antibody microarrays utilizing site-specific antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:807-11. [PMID: 25884500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein arrays are typically made by random absorption of proteins to the array surface, potentially limiting the amount of properly oriented and functional molecules. We report the development of a DNA encoded antibody microarray utilizing site-specific antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates that can be used for cell immobilization as well as the detection of genes and proteins. This technology allows for the facile generation of antibody microarrays while circumventing many of the drawbacks of conventionally produced antibody arrays. We demonstrate that this method can be used to capture and detect SK-BR-3 cells (Her2+ breast cancer cells) at concentrations as low as 10(2) cells/mL (which is equivalent to 10 cells per 100 μL array) without the use of microfluidics, which is 100- to 10(5)-fold more sensitive than comparable techniques. Additionally, the method was shown to be able to detect cells in a complex mixture, effectively immobilizing and specifically detecting Her2+ cells at a concentration of 10(2) SK-BR-3 cells/mL in 4 × 10(6) white blood cells/mL. Patients with a variety of cancers can have circulating tumor cell counts of between 1 and 10(3) cells/mL in whole blood, well within the range of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephanie A Kazane
- ‡California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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21
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Nimse SB, Song K, Sonawane MD, Sayyed DR, Kim T. Immobilization techniques for microarray: challenges and applications. SENSORS 2014; 14:22208-29. [PMID: 25429408 PMCID: PMC4299010 DOI: 10.3390/s141222208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The highly programmable positioning of molecules (biomolecules, nanoparticles, nanobeads, nanocomposites materials) on surfaces has potential applications in the fields of biosensors, biomolecular electronics, and nanodevices. However, the conventional techniques including self-assembled monolayers fail to position the molecules on the nanometer scale to produce highly organized monolayers on the surface. The present article elaborates different techniques for the immobilization of the biomolecules on the surface to produce microarrays and their diagnostic applications. The advantages and the drawbacks of various methods are compared. This article also sheds light on the applications of the different technologies for the detection and discrimination of viral/bacterial genotypes and the detection of the biomarkers. A brief survey with 115 references covering the last 10 years on the biological applications of microarrays in various fields is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Keumsoo Song
- Biometrix Technology, Inc. 202 BioVenture Plaza, Chuncheon 200-161, Korea.
| | - Mukesh Digambar Sonawane
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Danishmalik Rafiq Sayyed
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Taisun Kim
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
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22
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Lim YC, Kouzani AZ, Kaynak A, Dai XJ, Littlefair G, Duan W. Theoretical modeling and experimental validation of surface stress in thrombin aptasensor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2014; 13:384-91. [PMID: 25122838 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2014.2337517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of target molecules on the immobilized microcantilever surface produced beam displacement due to the differential surface stress generated between the immobilized and non-immobilized surface. Surface stress is caused by the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Van der Waals, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effect and steric hindrance are some of the intermolecular forces involved. A theoretical framework describing the adsorption-induced microcantilever displacement is derived in this paper. Experimental displacement of thrombin aptamer-thrombin interactions was carried out. The relation between the electrostatic interactions involved between adsorbates (thrombin) as well as adsorbates and substrates (thrombin aptamer) and the microcantilever beam displacement utilizing the proposed mathematical model was quantified and compared to the experimental value. This exercise is important to aid the designers in microcantilever sensing performance optimization.
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23
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Tamaki Y, Muto K, Miyamura K. Odd–Even Effect in the Surface Structure of Alkyloxy-Substituted Anthraquinone on HOPG Observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscope. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kosuke Muto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kazuo Miyamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
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24
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Türkoğlu EA, Yavuz H, Uzun L, Akgöl S, Denizli A. The fabrication of nanosensor-based surface plasmon resonance for IgG detection. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 41:213-21. [PMID: 23110360 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.716066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/3-(2-imidazoline-1-yl)propyl(triethoxysilane) (PHEMA/IMEO) nanoparticles were attached on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the real-time detection of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human serum. The PHEMA/IMEO nanoparticles-attached SPR sensor was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. IgG detection studies were performed using aqueous IgG solutions at different concentrations. In order to show the selectivity and specificity of the SPR sensor, competitive kinetic analyses were performed using IgG, albumin, hemoglobin in singular and competitive manner. Finally, IgG detection in human serum was carried out.
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25
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Pop-Georgievski O, Verreault D, Diesner MO, Proks V, Heissler S, Rypácek F, Koelsch P. Nonfouling poly(ethylene oxide) layers end-tethered to polydopamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14273-83. [PMID: 22989020 PMCID: PMC3489920 DOI: 10.1021/la3029935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonfouling surfaces capable of reducing protein adsorption are highly desirable in a wide range of applications. Coating of surfaces with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a water-soluble, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic polymer, is most frequently used to reduce nonspecific protein adsorption. Here we show how to prepare dense PEO brushes on virtually any substrate by tethering PEO to polydopamine (PDA)-modified surfaces. The chain lengths of hetero-bifunctional PEOs were varied in the range of 45-500 oxyethylene units (M(n) = 2000-20,000). End-tethering of PEO chains was performed through amine and thiol headgroups from reactive polymer melts to minimize excluded volume effects. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was applied to investigate the adsorption of model protein solutions and complex biologic medium (human blood plasma) to the densely packed PEO brushes. The level of protein adsorption of human serum albumin and fibrinogen solutions was below the detection limit of the SPR measurements for all PEO chains end-tethered to PDA, thus exceeding the protein resistance of PEO layers tethered directly on gold. It was found that the surface resistance to adsorption of lysozyme and human blood plasma increased with increasing length and brush character of the PEO chains end-tethered to PDA with a similar or better resistance in comparison to PEO layers on gold. Furthermore, the chain density, thickness, swelling, and conformation of PEO layers were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), dynamic water contact angle (DCA) measurements, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and vibrational sum-frequency-generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, the latter in air and water.
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26
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Tamaki Y, Tomono K, Hata Y, Saita N, Yamamoto T, Miyamura K. Observation of Different Molecular Alignments of [Ni(salphen)] Substituted by a Different Number of Octyl Groups at HOPG Surface. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kazuaki Tomono
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University
| | - Yuki Hata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Nanami Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kazuo Miyamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
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27
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Abramson J, Palma M, Wind SJ, Hone J. Quantum dot nanoarrays: self-assembly with single-particle control and resolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:2207-2211. [PMID: 22431200 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The develpoment of a highly selective immobilization strategy for the self-assembly of quantum dots (QDs) from solution on lithographically defined, biochemically functionalized metal nanopatterns is presented. Nanosale control is achieved for the formation of predominantly single-particle structures consisting of a QD coupled to a metal nanoparticle, and assembled into an ordered nanoarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abramson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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28
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka T, Kondo A. Sortase A-catalyzed site-specific coimmobilization on microparticles via streptavidin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3553-3557. [PMID: 22276782 DOI: 10.1021/la2047933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A microparticle surface was designed by the unique method incorporating streptavidin-biotin affinity and sortase A (SrtA)-catalyzed transpeptidation. Leucine-proline-glutamate-threonine-glycine-tagged streptavidin (Stav-LPETG)was immobilized on the surface using streptavidin-biotin affinity, and GGGGG-tagged red fluorescent protein (Gly5-RFP) was conjugated with SrtA. Biotinylated fluorescein isothiocyanate (biotin-FITC) was then bound to residual biotin-binding sites in Stav-LPETG. The resulting particles had RFP and FITC immobilized on the surface via Stav-LPETG, and RFP- and FITC-associated fluorescence was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Finally, GGG-tagged glucose oxidase and biotinylated horseradish peroxidase were immobilized on the microparticle surface, resulting in a functional particle capable of detecting glucose. This particle can be repeatedly used and is more sensitive in detecting glucose than particles prepared using chemical modification. Our method provides a simple strategy for site-specific coimmobilization on molecular surfaces and expands the use of protein hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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29
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Feng J, Siu VS, Roelke A, Mehta V, Rhieu SY, Palmore GTR, Pacifici D. Nanoscale plasmonic interferometers for multispectral, high-throughput biochemical sensing. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:602-609. [PMID: 22200183 DOI: 10.1021/nl203325s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of novel biochemical sensors consisting of nanoscale grooves and slits milled in a metal film to form two-arm, three-beam, planar plasmonic interferometers. By integrating thousands of plasmonic interferometers per square millimeter with a microfluidic system, we demonstrate a sensor able to detect physiological concentrations of glucose in water over a broad wavelength range (400-800 nm). A wavelength sensitivity between 370 and 630 nm/RIU (RIU, refractive index units), a relative intensity change between ~10(3) and 10(6) %/RIU, and a resolution of ~3 × 10(-7) in refractive index change were experimentally measured using typical sensing volumes as low as 20 fL. These results show that multispectral plasmonic interferometry is a promising approach for the development of high-throughput, real-time, and extremely compact biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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30
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Nguyen TT, Sly KL, Conboy JC. Comparison of the Energetics of Avidin, Streptavidin, NeutrAvidin, and Anti-Biotin Antibody Binding to Biotinylated Lipid Bilayer Examined by Second-Harmonic Generation. Anal Chem 2011; 84:201-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202375n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trang T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South
1400 East, Rm. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Krystal L. Sly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South
1400 East, Rm. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - John C. Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South
1400 East, Rm. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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31
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Shervedani RK, Pourbeyram S, Sabzyan H. Electrochemical probe of natural DNA attached onto the gold–thiol SAMs via Zr(IV) ion glue. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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33
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Washburn AL, Gomez J, Bailey RC. DNA-encoding to improve performance and allow parallel evaluation of the binding characteristics of multiple antibodies in a surface-bound immunoassay format. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3572-80. [PMID: 21438633 PMCID: PMC3098033 DOI: 10.1021/ac200317z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High affinity capture agents against protein targets are essential components for immunoassays, regardless of specific analysis format. Here, we describe the use of DNA-encoded antibodies for rapidly screening the kinetic and equilibrium binding properties of twelve commercial antibodies in a parallel analysis format using a multiplexed array of microring optical resonators. We show that DNA-encoding offers advantages in terms of antigen binding capacity, compared to covalently tethered antibodies; we also demonstrate that this linkage modality facilitates the rapid self-assembly of multiplexed arrays on account of complementarity between the DNA sequences on the antibodies and sensor array, respectively. Furthermore, DNA-encoded antibodies also allow for sensor array regeneration and reprogramming, as chaotropic agents can be used to disrupt the DNA-DNA duplexes that link the capture agents to the sensor without harming the underlying DNA on the surface, which can subsequently be reloaded with antibodies either targeting the same or different antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Washburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Joseph Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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34
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Palma M, Abramson JJ, Gorodetsky AA, Penzo E, Gonzalez RL, Sheetz MP, Nuckolls C, Hone J, Wind SJ. Selective biomolecular nanoarrays for parallel single-molecule investigations. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7656-9. [PMID: 21528859 DOI: 10.1021/ja201031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability to direct the self-assembly of biomolecules on surfaces with true nanoscale control is key for the creation of functional substrates. Herein we report the fabrication of nanoscale biomolecular arrays via selective self-assembly on nanopatterned surfaces and minimized nonspecific adsorption. We demonstrate that the platform developed allows for the simultaneous screening of specific protein-DNA binding events at the single-molecule level. The strategy presented here is generally applicable and enables high-throughput monitoring of biological activity in real time and with single-molecule resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Palma
- Department of Applied Physics & Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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35
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Piliarik M, Bocková M, Homola J. Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for parallelized detection of protein biomarkers in diluted blood plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:1656-61. [PMID: 20864329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for high-throughput screening of protein biomarkers in diluted blood plasma is reported. The biosensor combines a high-resolution SPR imaging sensor and a high-density protein array with low-fouling background. The SPR imaging sensor utilizes polarization contrast and advanced referencing and provides a total of 120 sensing areas (each 200 μm×150 μm). Antibodies are immobilized on the sensing areas via hybridization of antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates to thiolated complementary oligonucleotides microspotted on the sensor surface (DNA-directed immobilization). A low-fouling background is achieved by covalent immobilization of bovine serum albumin to carboxyl-terminated thiols filling the areas among the thiolated oligonucleotides and outside the sensing areas. The biosensor was evaluated for detection of protein biomarkers relevant to cancer diagnostics--human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) both in buffer and in 10% blood plasma. Limits of detection as low as 45 ng/mL (ALCAM) and 100 ng/mL (hCG) were achieved in blood plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Piliarik
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics AS CR v.v.i., Chaberská 57, CZ-18251 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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36
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Wang CHK, Pun SH. Substrate-mediated nucleic acid delivery from self-assembled monolayers. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:119-26. [PMID: 21208672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Substrate-mediated nucleic acid (NA) delivery involves the immobilization of NAs or NA delivery vehicles to biomaterials for localized transfection of cells. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offer an easy system to immobilize delivery vectors. SAMs form well-defined surfaces; therefore, the effect of surface composition on vector immobilization and transfection efficiency can also be studied. To date, the most effective SAM-mediated delivery systems have utilized nonspecific interactions for immobilization; however, systems that rely on specific interactions between vector and surface can impart higher control of spatial and/or temporal delivery. This review summarizes systems that use both specific and nonspecific interactions for gene delivery from SAMs; highlights progress and remaining challenges; and explores other specific recognition modalities that might be employed for future applications in surface-mediated NA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Huei K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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37
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Samanta D, Sarkar A. Immobilization of bio-macromolecules on self-assembled monolayers: methods and sensor applications. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2567-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Palma M, Abramson J, Gorodetsky A, Nuckolls C, Sheetz MP, Wind SJ, Hone J. Controlled confinement of DNA at the nanoscale: nanofabrication and surface bio-functionalization. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 749:169-85. [PMID: 21674372 PMCID: PMC3381934 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-142-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanopatterned arrays of biomolecules are a powerful tool to address fundamental issues in many areas of biology. DNA nanoarrays, in particular, are of interest in the study of DNA-protein interactions and for biodiagnostic investigations. In this context, achieving a highly specific nanoscale assembly of oligonucleotides at surfaces is critical. In this chapter, we describe a method to control the immobilization of DNA on nanopatterned surfaces; the nanofabrication and the bio-functionalization involved in the process will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Palma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Gross AJ, Yu SSC, Downard AJ. Two-component mixed and patterned films on carbon surfaces through the photografting of arylazides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7285-7292. [PMID: 20166705 DOI: 10.1021/la904442u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic films have been grafted to glassy carbon surfaces by the photolysis of arylazides. Atomic force microscopy and electrochemical measurements reveal that the films are loosely packed. The methodology was expanded to prepare two-component thin films incorporating either a reactive tether species and a nonreactive background film or two different reactive tethers. Strategies were developed to generate both continuous mixed films and surfaces presenting patterns of two components. For patterning, the arylazide derivative was grafted onto previously modified glassy carbon surfaces. In this case, the first modification step is not limited to photografting, which increases the scope of the methods. For all grafted surfaces, the reactivity of tether species was confirmed by coupling electroactive targets to the tethers, followed by electrochemical monitoring. The ease of preparing surfaces with spatially controlled functionality offers promise for the design of sensing platforms on graphitic carbon substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gross
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Seifert M, Rinke MT, Galla HJ. Characterization of streptavidin binding to biotinylated, binary self-assembled thiol monolayers--influence of component ratio and solvent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6386-93. [PMID: 20158172 DOI: 10.1021/la904087s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many biosensor applications are based on streptavidin (SA) binding to partially biotinylated self-assembled thiol monolayers (SAMs). In our study, binary SAMs on gold were prepared from solutions containing 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanol (thiol I) and N-(8-biotinyl-3,6-dioxa-octanamidyl)-16-mercaptohexadecanamide (thiol II) in varying component ratios. Either chloroform or ethanol was used as solvent. After 24 h thiol incubation, SA was immobilized on the resulting SAMs using the strong SA-biotin interaction. The SA binding process was monitored by QCM-D (quartz crystal microbalance monitoring dissipation factor). It is shown that the Sauerbrey equation is valid to calculate the mass quantities of the immobilized SA layers. Under the chosen incubation conditions, marginal fractions of the biotinylated component II in chloroform ((n(I)/n(II))(solution) approximately = 1000) lead to SAMs which ensure a maximal SA binding quantity of m(Sauerbrey SA) approximately = 400 ng x cm(-2), being equivalent to a SA single-layer arrangement on the SAM surface. In case of incubations from ethanolic solutions, a complete SA layer formation needs significantly higher amounts of the biotinylated component II during SAM preparation ((n(I)/n(II))(solution) approximately = 50). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data show that the fraction of biotinylated thiol II in the SAM determines the amount of surface-bound SA. The SAM thiol ratio ((n(I)/n(II))(SAM)) not only depends on the corresponding component ratio in the incubation solution, but is also strongly influenced by the solvent. Using chloroform as solvent during SAM preparation significantly increased the fraction of biotinylated thiol II in the SAMs compared to ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seifert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Zhang B, Kong T, Xu W, Su R, Gao Y, Cheng G. Surface functionalization of zinc oxide by carboxyalkylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4514-4522. [PMID: 20146498 DOI: 10.1021/la9042827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two carboxyalkylphosphonic acids (HOOC(CH(2))(n)P(O)(OH)(2), n = 2 for 3-PPA and n = 9 for 10-PDA) have been deposited onto 1D zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and bare ZnO wafers to form stable self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The samples were systematically characterized using wettability, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). 3-PPA was bound to the ZnO surfaces mainly through the CO(2)H headgroup, and 10-PDA formed self-assembled monolayers on the nanoscaled ZnO surface through the PO(3)H(2) headgroups. To verify the potential utilization of the functionalized surfaces in the construction of biosensors or bioelectronics, IgG (immunoglobulin G) protein immobilization through SAM bridging was demonstrated. This work expands the application of phosphonic acid-based surface functionalization on sensing and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, PR China
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Zoulalian V, Zürcher S, Tosatti S, Textor M, Monge S, Robin JJ. Self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(alkyl phosphonate) terpolymers on titanium oxide surfaces: synthesis, interface characterization, investigation of nonfouling properties, and long-term stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:74-82. [PMID: 19691273 DOI: 10.1021/la902110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This contribution deals with the self-assembling of a terpolymer on titanium oxide (TiO(2)) surface. The polymer structure was obtained by polymerization of different methacrylates, i.e., alkyl-phosphonated, butyl and PEG methacrylate, in the presence of a chain transfer agent. The resulting PEG-poly(alkyl phosphonate) material, characterized mainly by SEC and NMR, self-organized at the interface of TiO(2). AR-XPS demonstrated the binding of phosphonate groups to TiO(2) substrate and the formation of a PEG-brush layer at the outermost part of the system. The stability of this terpolymer adlayer, after exposure to solutions of pH 2, 7.4, and 9 up to 3 weeks, was evaluated quantitatively by XPS and ellipsometry. We demonstrated an overall stability improvements of this coating against desorption in contact with aqueous solutions in comparison with reference self-assembly systems. Finally, the PEG-terpolymer adlayer proved to impart to TiO(2) substrate antifouling properties when exposed to full blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zoulalian
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Roth PJ, Jochum FD, Zentel R, Theato P. Synthesis of Hetero-Telechelic α,ω Bio-Functionalized Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2009; 11:238-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bm901095j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Roth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment (C2E2), College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
| | - Florian D. Jochum
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment (C2E2), College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment (C2E2), College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany, and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment (C2E2), College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, Korea
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Zhang L, Li D, Meng W, Huang Q, Su Y, Wang L, Song S, Fan C. Sequence-specific DNA detection by using biocatalyzed electrochemiluminescence and non-fouling surfaces. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:368-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ultra-low fouling peptide surfaces derived from natural amino acids. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5892-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ballav N, Terfort A, Zharnikov M. Fabrication of mixed self-assembled monolayers designed for avidin immobilization by irradiation promoted exchange reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9189-96. [PMID: 19438185 DOI: 10.1021/la9007476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An applicability of irradiation-promoted exchange reaction (IPER) to the fabrication of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of the protein-repelling matrix and the moieties bearing binding sites for specific attachment of a target protein is demonstrated. As test systems, we took mixed films of oligoethylene glycol (OEG)-substituted alkanethiols (OEG-ATs) and biotin-substituted alkanethiols (BATs) on Au{111}. Such SAMs are suitable for the specific immobilization of avidin protein and its variants. The composition of the mixed OEG-AT/BAT SAMs could be precisely controlled by varying the irradiation dose, which is important prerequisite for the fabrication of the respective patterns by electron-beam lithography. While the general trend in the immobilization of avidin onto the mixed OEG-AT/BAT SAMs prepared by IPER was found to be consistent with the earlier reports regarding the analogous films fabricated by the coassembly method, the concentration of the BAT component in the mixed SAMs needed for the maximum surface coverage of the specific protein was found to be somewhat lower, and the maximum avidin coverage somewhat higher in the case of IPER as compared to the coassembly method. We ascribe these differences to the lack of phase segregation and better separation of the individual BAT species in the OEG-AT matrix in the case of IPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Ballav
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Noel JA, Teizer W, Hwang W. Surface manipulation of microtubules using self-assembled monolayers and electrophoresis. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1938-1946. [PMID: 19518095 DOI: 10.1021/nn900325m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We integrate microtubule (MT)-resistant self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with lithographically patterned electrodes to control MTs in a cell-free environment. Formed through a facile, one-step assembly method, the poly(ethylene glycol) trimethoxysilane SAM prevents MT adsorption on both silicon substrates and Au microstructures without casein. We characterize the SAM using ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy and compare it with other MT passivation techniques. The SAM retains its passivating ability when used as a substrate for electron beam lithography, a key feature that allows us to pattern microtubules on lithographically defined Au structures. Moreover, by combining the SAM-passivated Au microelectrodes and DC electrophoresis, we demonstrate reversible trapping of MTs as well as capture and alignment of individual MTs.
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Tort N, Salvador JP, Marco MP, Eritja R, Poch M, Martínez E, Samitier J, Samitier J, Tort N, Salvador JP, Marco MP, Eritja R, Martínez E, Samitier J. Fluorescence site-encoded DNA addressable hapten microarray for anabolic androgenic steroids. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Selective immobilization of proteins on gold dot arrays and characterization using chemical force microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 334:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Syahir A, Tomizaki KY, Kajikawa K, Mihara H. Poly(amidoamine)-dendrimer-modified gold surfaces for anomalous reflection of gold to detect biomolecular interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3667-3674. [PMID: 19227984 DOI: 10.1021/la8028275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Label-free protein detecting chip technology has encouraged a number of discoveries, as it is a powerful analytical tool in the postgenomic era. In particular, we have focused on a unique characteristic of anomalous reflection of gold (AR) as a new class of label-free detection method for a protein chip system. In this paper, in order to improve the sensitivity of detection of biomolecular interactions by the AR method, we have constructed three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures on gold surfaces with a series of well-defined structures of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) from generation 2 to 4 (G2, G3, and G4) tethering biotin moieties as capturing agents for avidin and antibiotin IgG. Comparison of features of such 3D nanostructured surfaces with a diamine-modified flat-like surface revealed a 2-fold increase in the amount of avidin for 3D surfaces relative to the flat surface, and surface-assisted nonspecific interactions were significantly suppressed. We thus obtained 91% coverage for avidin detection on the PAMAM G4-modified surface, indicating a theoretically maximum attainable absorption considering a hexagonal-packed arrangement as a saturated monomolecular layer. In the antibiotin IgG assay, the PAMAM G4-modified surface clearly improved the amount of proteins captured compared to that for the flat surface, indicating that an appropriate density of capturing agents played a more important role in the interaction of larger molecular-sized proteins such as antibiotin IgG, which requires more space for interaction than the medium-sized avidin. These findings should assist in the development of a simple and practical tool for high-throughput protein detection, particularly with the AR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Syahir
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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