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Cui L, Yao Y, Yim EKF. The effects of surface topography modification on hydrogel properties. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031509. [PMID: 34368603 PMCID: PMC8318605 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel has been an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and contact lens materials, due to its outstanding properties, including high water content, transparency, biocompatibility, tissue mechanical matching, and low toxicity. As hydrogel commonly possesses high surface hydrophilicity, chemical modifications have been applied to achieve the optimal surface properties to improve the performance of hydrogels for specific applications. Ideally, the effects of surface modifications would be stable, and the modification would not affect the inherent hydrogel properties. In recent years, a new type of surface modification has been discovered to be able to alter hydrogel properties by physically patterning the hydrogel surfaces with topographies. Such physical patterning methods can also affect hydrogel surface chemical properties, such as protein adsorption, microbial adhesion, and cell response. This review will first summarize the works on developing hydrogel surface patterning methods. The influence of surface topography on interfacial energy and the subsequent effects on protein adsorption, microbial, and cell interactions with patterned hydrogel, with specific examples in biomedical applications, will be discussed. Finally, current problems and future challenges on topographical modification of hydrogels will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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De France KJ, Xu F, Toufanian S, Chan KJ, Said S, Stimpson TC, González-Martínez E, Moran-Mirabal JM, Cranston ED, Hoare T. Multi-scale structuring of cell-instructive cellulose nanocrystal composite hydrogel sheets via sequential electrospinning and thermal wrinkling. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:250-261. [PMID: 33945881 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Structured hydrogel sheets offer the potential to mimic the mechanics and morphology of native cell environments in vitro; however, controlling the morphology of such sheets across multiple length scales to give cells consistent multi-dimensional cues remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a simple two-step process based on sequential electrospinning and thermal wrinkling to create nanocomposite poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)/cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel sheets with a highly tunable multi-scale wrinkled (micro) and fibrous (nano) morphology. By varying the time of electrospinning, rotation speed of the collector, and geometry of the thermal wrinkling process, the hydrogel nanofiber density, fiber alignment, and wrinkle geometry (biaxial or uniaxial) can be independently controlled. Adhered C2C12 mouse myoblast muscle cells display a random orientation on biaxially wrinkled sheets but an extended morphology (directed preferentially along the wrinkles) on uniaxially wrinkled sheets. While the nanofiber orientation had a smaller effect on cell alignment, parallel nanofibers promoted improved cell alignment along the wrinkle direction while perpendicular nanofibers disrupted alignment. The highly tunable structures demonstrated are some of the most complex morphologies engineered into hydrogels to-date without requiring intensive micro/nanofabrication approaches and offer the potential to precisely regulate cell-substrate interactions in a "2.5D" environment (i.e. a surface with both micro- and nano-structured topographies) for in vitro cell screening or in vivo tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While structured hydrogels can mimic the morphology of natural tissues, controlling this morphology over multiple length scales remains challenging. Furthermore, the incorporation of secondary morphologies within individual hydrogels via simple manufacturing techniques would represent a significant advancement in the field of structured biomaterials and an opportunity to study complex cell-biomaterial interactions. Herein, we leverage a two-step process based on electrospinning and thermal wrinkling to prepare structured hydrogels with microscale wrinkles and nanoscale fibers. Fiber orientation/density and wrinkle geometry can be independently controlled during the electrospinning and thermal wrinkling processes respectively, demonstrating the flexibility of this technique for creating well-defined multiscale hydrogel structures. Finally, we show that while wrinkle geometry is the major determinant of cell alignment, nanofiber orientation also plays a role in this process.
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Khan H, Beck C, Kunze A. Multi-curvature micropatterns unveil distinct calcium and mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal networks. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1164-1174. [PMID: 33543185 PMCID: PMC7990709 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tangential curvatures are a key geometric feature of tissue folds in the human cerebral cortex. In the brain, these smoother and firmer bends are called gyri and sulci and form distinctive curved tissue patterns imposing a mechanical stimulus on neuronal networks. This stimulus is hypothesized to be essential for proper brain cell function but lacks in most standard neuronal cell assays. A variety of soft lithographic micropatterning techniques can be used to integrate round geometries in cell assays. Most microfabricated patterns, however, focus only on a small set of defined curvatures. In contrast, curvatures in the brain span a wide physical range, leaving it unknown which precise role distinct curvatures may play on neuronal cell signaling. Here we report a hydrogel-based multi-curvature design consisting of over twenty bands of distinct parallel curvature ranges to precisely engineer neuronal networks' growth and signaling under patterns of arcs. Monitoring calcium and mitochondrial dynamics in primary rodent neurons grown over two weeks in the multi-curvature patterns, we found that static calcium signaling was locally attenuated under higher curvatures (k > 0.01 μm-1). In contrast, to randomize growth, transient calcium signaling showed higher synchronicity when neurons formed networks in confined multi-curvature patterns. Additionally, we found that mitochondria showed lower motility under high curvatures (k > 0.01 μm-1) than under lower curvatures (k < 0.01 μm-1). Our results demonstrate how sensitive neuronal cell function may be linked and controlled through specific curved geometric features. Furthermore, the hydrogel-based multi-curvature design possesses high compatibility with various surfaces, allowing a flexible integration of geometric features into next-generation neuro devices, cell assays, tissue engineering, and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
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4
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Ganguly R, Lee B, Kang S, Kim YS, Jeong SG, Kim JS, Park SY, Yohei Y, Lee CS. Microfluidic Single-cell Trapping and Cultivation for the Analysis of Host-viral Interactions. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Farhoudi N, Leu HY, Laurentius LB, Magda JJ, Solzbacher F, Reiche CF. Smart Hydrogel Micromechanical Resonators with Ultrasound Readout for Biomedical Sensing. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1882-1889. [PMID: 32545953 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges for implantable biomedical sensing schemes is obtaining a reliable signal while maintaining biocompatibility. In this work, we demonstrate that a combination of medical ultrasound imaging and smart hydrogel micromechanical resonators can be employed for continuous monitoring of analyte concentrations. The sensing principle is based on the shift of the mechanical resonance frequencies of smart hydrogel structures induced by their volume-phase transition in response to changing analyte levels. This shift can then be measured as a contrast change in the ultrasound images due to resonance absorption of ultrasound waves. This concept eliminates the need for implanting complex electronics or employing transcutaneous connections for sensing biomedical analytes in vivo. Here, we present proof-of-principle experiments that monitor in vitro changes in ionic strength and glucose concentrations to demonstrate the capabilities and potential of this versatile sensing platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Farhoudi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hsuan-Yu Leu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lars B. Laurentius
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jules J. Magda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Florian Solzbacher
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christopher F. Reiche
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Vannini N, Campos V, Girotra M, Trachsel V, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Tratwal J, Ragusa S, Stefanidis E, Ryu D, Rainer PY, Nikitin G, Giger S, Li TY, Semilietof A, Oggier A, Yersin Y, Tauzin L, Pirinen E, Cheng WC, Ratajczak J, Canto C, Ehrbar M, Sizzano F, Petrova TV, Vanhecke D, Zhang L, Romero P, Nahimana A, Cherix S, Duchosal MA, Ho PC, Deplancke B, Coukos G, Auwerx J, Lutolf MP, Naveiras O. The NAD-Booster Nicotinamide Riboside Potently Stimulates Hematopoiesis through Increased Mitochondrial Clearance. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:405-418.e7. [PMID: 30849366 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that increased oxidative phosphorylation, as reflected by increased mitochondrial activity, together with impairment of the mitochondrial stress response, can severely compromise hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration. Here we show that the NAD+-boosting agent nicotinamide riboside (NR) reduces mitochondrial activity within HSCs through increased mitochondrial clearance, leading to increased asymmetric HSC divisions. NR dietary supplementation results in a significantly enlarged pool of progenitors, without concurrent HSC exhaustion, improves survival by 80%, and accelerates blood recovery after murine lethal irradiation and limiting-HSC transplantation. In immune-deficient mice, NR increased the production of human leucocytes from hCD34+ progenitors. Our work demonstrates for the first time a positive effect of NAD+-boosting strategies on the most primitive blood stem cells, establishing a link between HSC mitochondrial stress, mitophagy, and stem-cell fate decision, and unveiling the potential of NR to improve recovery of patients suffering from hematological failure including post chemo- and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vannini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mukul Girotra
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Trachsel
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterlin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ragusa
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Stefanidis
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Y Rainer
- Laboratory of System Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gena Nikitin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Y Li
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aikaterini Semilietof
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aurelien Oggier
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Yersin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Tauzin
- Flow Cytometry Platform, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Ratajczak
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Sizzano
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vanhecke
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cherix
- Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel A Duchosal
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of System Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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De France KJ, Babi M, Vapaavuori J, Hoare T, Moran-Mirabal J, Cranston ED. 2.5D Hierarchical Structuring of Nanocomposite Hydrogel Films Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6325-6335. [PMID: 30668100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although two-dimensional hydrogel thin films have been applied across many biomedical applications, creating higher dimensionality structured hydrogel interfaces would enable potentially improved and more biomimetic hydrogel performance in biosensing, bioseparations, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing applications. Herein, we present a new and simple approach to control the structure of hydrogel thin films in 2.5D. Hybrid suspensions containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and aldehyde- or hydrazide-functionalized poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) were spin-coated onto prestressed polystyrene substrates to form cross-linked hydrogel thin films. The films were then structured via thermal shrinking, with control over the direction of shrinking leading to the formation of biaxial, uniaxial, or hierarchical wrinkles. Notably, POEGMA-only hydrogel thin films (without CNCs) did not form uniform wrinkles due to partial dewetting from the substrate during shrinking. Topographical feature sizes of CNC-POEGMA films could be tuned across 2 orders of magnitude (from ∼300 nm to 20 μm) by varying the POEGMA concentration, the length of poly(ethylene glycol) side chains in the polymer, and/or the overall film thickness. Furthermore, by employing adhesive masks during the spin-coating process, structured films with gradient wrinkle sizes can be fabricated. This precise control over both wrinkle size and wrinkle topography adds a level of functionality that to date has been lacking in conventional hydrogel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J De France
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , ON L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Mouhanad Babi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , ON L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry , University of Montreal , C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , ON L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Jose Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , ON L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , ON L8S 4L8 , Canada
- Department of Wood Science , University of British Columbia , 2424 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z4 , Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of British Columbia , 2360 East Mall , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z3 , Canada
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8
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Song Q, Druzhinin SI, Schönherr H. Asymmetric multifunctional 3D cell microenvironments by capillary force assembly. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of advanced 3D cell culture microenvironments that enable systematic structure–property relationship studies are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Song
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Siegen
- Siegen
- Germany
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Siegen
- Siegen
- Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Siegen
- Siegen
- Germany
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Jayasinghe HG, Tormos CJ, Khan M, Madihally S, Vasquez Y. A soft lithography method to generate arrays of microstructures onto hydrogel surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian J. Tormos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Mughees Khan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Cambridge Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Sundar Madihally
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma, 74078
| | - Yolanda Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma, 74078
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Abstract
The complex cellular microenvironment plays an important role in determining cell fate. For example, stem cells located in a microenvironment termed niche integrate a wide variety of extrinsic cues to take distinct fate choices. Capturing this multiple-input/multiple-output system in vitro has proven to be very challenging. In order to address this issue, we developed and validated a microfabricated cellular array platform, termed artificial niche microarrays, which is capable of performing high-throughput single-cell assays under physiologically relevant conditions. The platform allows exposing cultured cells to differential signaling cues displayed on soft hydrogel substrates having variable stiffness. The behavior of the seeded cells can be readily quantified across over 2000 multivariate microenvironments. Here we describe a pipeline for performing multifactorial, image-based assays with these artificial niche microarrays. The procedure details the steps from microarray production, cell culture, cell phenotyping, data extraction to statistical analysis.
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11
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Müller E, Pompe T, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Solvent-Assisted Micromolding of Biohybrid Hydrogels to Maintain Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Ex Vivo. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703489. [PMID: 28960524 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Array-format cell-culture carriers providing tunable matrix cues are instrumental in current cell biology and bioengineering. A new solvent-assisted demolding approach for the fabrication of microcavity arrays with very small feature sizes down to single-cell level (3 µm) of very soft biohybrid glycosaminoglycan-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels (down to a shear modulus of 1 kPa) is reported. It is further shown that independent additional options of localized conjugation of adhesion ligand peptides, presentation of growth factors through complexation to gel-based glycosaminoglycans, and secondary gel deposition for 3D cell embedding enable a versatile customization of the hydrogel microcavity arrays for cell culture studies. As a proof of concept, cell-instructive hydrogel compartment arrays are used to analyze the response of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to defined biomolecular and spatial cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Kahyaoglu LN, Madangopal R, Park JH, Rickus JL. Integration of a Genetically Encoded Calcium Molecular Sensor into Photopolymerizable Hydrogels for Micro-Optrode-Based Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31557-31567. [PMID: 28845962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded molecular-protein sensors (GEMS) are engineered to sense and quantify a wide range of biological substances and events in cells, in vitro and even in vivo with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we aim to stably incorporate these proteins into a photopatternable matrix, while preserving their functionality, to extend the application of these proteins as spatially addressable optical biosensors. For this reason, we examined the fabrication of 3D hydrogel microtips doped with a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor, GCaMP3, at the end of an optical fiber. Stable incorporation parameters of GCaMP3 into a photo-cross-linkable monomer matrix were investigated through a series of characterization and optimization experiments. Different precursor-solution formulations and irradiation parameters of in situ photopolymerization were tested to determine the factors affecting protein stability and sensor reproducibility during photoencapsulation. The microstructure and performance of hydrogel microtips were controlled by varying UV irradiation intensity as well as the molecular weight and concentration of the photocurable monomer, PEGDA (polyethylene glycol diacrylate), in precursor solution. Protein-doped hydrogel micro-optrodes (microtip sensors) were fabricated successfully and reproducibly at the distal end of optical fiber. Under optimized conditions, the bioactivity of GCaMP3 within a hydrogel matrix of micro-optrodes remained similar to that of the protein-free matrix in buffer. The limit of detection of protein optrodes for free calcium was also determined to be 4.3 nM. The hydrogel formulation and fabrication process demonstrated here using microtip optrodes can be easily adapted to other conformation-dependent protein biosensors and can be used in sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Nesrin Kahyaoglu
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering, ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, §Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rajtarun Madangopal
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering, ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, §Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Joon Hyeong Park
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering, ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, §Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jenna L Rickus
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering, ‡Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, §Birck-Bindley Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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13
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Li P, Dou X, Feng C, Müller M, Chang MW, Frettlöh M, Schönherr H. Isolated Reporter Bacteria in Supramolecular Hydrogel Microwell Arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7799-7809. [PMID: 28486805 PMCID: PMC5740480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of supramolecular hydrogels formed by low molecular weight gelator self-assembly via noncovalent interactions within a scaffold derived from polyethylene glycol (PEG) affords an interesting approach to immobilize fully functional, isolated reporter bacteria in novel microwell arrays. The PEG-based scaffold serves as a stabilizing element and provides physical support for the self-assembly of the C2-phenyl-derived gelator on the micrometer scale. Supramolecular hydrogel microwell arrays with various shapes and sizes were used to isolate single or small numbers of Escherichia coli TOP10 pTetR-LasR-pLuxR-GFP. In the presence of the autoinducer N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone, the entrapped E. coli in the hydrogel microwell arrays showed an increased GFP expression. The shape and size of microwell arrays did not influence the fluorescence intensity and the projected size of the bacteria markedly, while the population density of seeded bacteria affected the number of bacteria expressing GFP per well. The hydrogel microwell arrays can be further used to investigate quorum sensing, reflecting communication in inter- and intraspecies bacterial communities for biology applications in the field of biosensors. In the future, these self-assembled hydrogel microwell arrays can also be used as a substrate to detect bacteria via secreted autoinducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Physical
Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
(Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Xiaoqiu Dou
- Physical
Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
(Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- State
Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mareike Müller
- Physical
Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
(Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and NUS Synthetic
Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences
Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Martin Frettlöh
- Quh-Lab
Food Safety, Siegener
Strasse 29, 57080, Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical
Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
(Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
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14
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Lilge I, Jiang S, Schönherr H. Long-Term Stable Poly(acrylamide) Brush Modified Transparent Microwells for Cell Attachment Studies in 3D. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Lilge
- Physical Chemistry I; Department of Chemistry and Biology and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ); University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Physical Chemistry I; Department of Chemistry and Biology and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ); University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I; Department of Chemistry and Biology and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ); University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany
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15
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Chollet B, D'Eramo L, Martwong E, Li M, Macron J, Mai TQ, Tabeling P, Tran Y. Tailoring Patterns of Surface-Attached Multiresponsive Polymer Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24870-24879. [PMID: 27560306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the fabrication of micropatterns of surface-attached hydrogels with well-controlled chemistry is reported. The "grafting onto" approach is preferred to the "grafting from" approach. It consists of cross-linking and grafting preformed and functionalized polymer chains through thiol-ene click chemistry. The advantage is a very good control without adding initiators. A powerful consequence of thiol-ene click reaction by UV irradiation is the facile fabrication of micropatterned hydrogel thin films by photolithography. It is achieved either with photomasks using common UV lamp or without photomasks by direct drawing due to laser technology. Our versatile approach allows the fabrication of various chemical polymer networks on various solid substrates. It is demonstrated here with silicon wafers, glass and gold surfaces as substrates, and two responsive hydrogels, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for its responsiveness to temperature and poly(acrylic acid) for its pH-sensitivity. We also demonstrate the fabrication of stable hydrogel multilayers (or stacked layers) in which each elementary layer height can widely range from a few nanometers to several micrometers, providing an additional degree of freedom to the internal architecture of hydrogel patterns. This facile route for the synthesis of micrometer-resolute hydrogel patterns with tailored architecture and multiresponsive properties should have a strong impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chollet
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Loïc D'Eramo
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) , 6-12 rue Jean Calvin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ekkachai Martwong
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Mengxing Li
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Jennifer Macron
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Thuy Quyen Mai
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Patrick Tabeling
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) , 6-12 rue Jean Calvin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yvette Tran
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
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16
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Abstract
Molecular diffusive membranes or materials are important for biological applications in microfluidic systems. Hydrogels are typical materials that offer several advantages, such as free diffusion for small molecules, biocompatibility with most cells, temperature sensitivity, relatively low cost, and ease of production. With the development of microfluidic applications, hydrogels can be integrated into microfluidic systems by soft lithography, flow-solid processes or UV cure methods. Due to their special properties, hydrogels are widely used as fluid control modules, biochemical reaction modules or biological application modules in different applications. Although hydrogels have been used in microfluidic systems for more than ten years, many hydrogels' properties and integrated techniques have not been carefully elaborated. Here, we systematically review the physical properties of hydrogels, general methods for gel-microfluidics integration and applications of this field. Advanced topics and the outlook of hydrogel fabrication and applications are also discussed. We hope this review can help researchers choose suitable methods for their applications using hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanqi Zhang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Cutiongco MFA, Goh SH, Aid-Launais R, Le Visage C, Low HY, Yim EKF. Planar and tubular patterning of micro and nano-topographies on poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel for improved endothelial cell responses. Biomaterials 2016; 84:184-195. [PMID: 26828683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) is a widely used material for biomedical devices, yet there is a need to enhance its biological functionality for in vitro and in vivo vascular application. Significance of surface topography in modulating cellular behaviour is increasingly evident. However, hydrogel patterning remains challenging. Using a casting method, planar PVA were patterned with micro-sized features. To achieve higher patterning resolution, nanoimprint lithography with high pressure and temperature was used. In vitro experiment showed enhanced human endothelial cell (EC) density and adhesion on patterned PVA. Additional chemical modification via nitrogen gas plasma on patterned PVA further improved EC density and adhesion. Only EC monolayer grown on plasma modified PVA with 2 μm gratings and 1.8 μm concave lens exhibited expression of vascular endothelial cadherin, indicating EC functionality. Patterning of the luminal surface of tubular hydrogels is not widely explored. The study presents the first method for simultaneous tubular molding and luminal surface patterning of hydrogel. PVA graft with 2 μm gratings showed patency and endothelialization, while unpatterned grafts were occluded after 20 days in rat aorta. The reproducible, high yield and high-fidelity methods enable planar and tubular patterning of PVA and other hydrogels to be used for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie F A Cutiongco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seok Hong Goh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France; INSERM, U791, Center for OstesArticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Hong Yee Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Engineering Product Development Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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Cuchiara ML, Coşkun S, Banda OA, Horter KL, Hirschi KK, West JL. Bioactive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels to recapitulate the HSC niche and facilitate HSC expansion in culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:870-81. [PMID: 26497172 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been used therapeutically for decades, yet their widespread clinical use is hampered by the inability to expand HSCs successfully in vitro. In culture, HSCs rapidly differentiate and lose their ability to self-renew. We hypothesize that by mimicking aspects of the bone marrow microenvironment in vitro we can better control the expansion and differentiation of these cells. In this work, derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels were used as a culture substrate for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) populations. Key HSC cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF) and interferon-γ (IFNγ), as well as the cell adhesion ligands RGDS and connecting segment 1 were covalently immobilized onto the surface of the hydrogels. With the use of SCF and IFNγ, we observed significant expansion of HSPCs, ∼97 and ∼104 fold respectively, while maintaining c-kit(+) lin(-) and c-kit(+) Sca1(+) lin(-) (KSL) populations and the ability to form multilineage colonies after 14 days. HSPCs were also encapsulated within degradable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for three-dimensional culture. After expansion in hydrogels, ∼60% of cells were c-kit(+), demonstrating no loss in the proportion of these cells over the 14 day culture period, and ∼50% of colonies formed were multilineage, indicating that the cells retained their differentiation potential. The ability to tailor and use this system to support HSC growth could have implications on the future use of HSCs and other blood cell types in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Süleyman Coşkun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Omar A Banda
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelsey L Horter
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Room 1427, FCIEMAS, 101 Science Dr., Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.
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19
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Mahadik BP, Pedron Haba S, Skertich LJ, Harley BAC. The use of covalently immobilized stem cell factor to selectively affect hematopoietic stem cell activity within a gelatin hydrogel. Biomaterials 2015; 67:297-307. [PMID: 26232879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare stem cell population found primarily in the bone marrow and responsible for the production of the body's full complement of blood and immune cells. Used clinically to treat a range of hematopoietic disorders, there is a significant need to identify approaches to selectively expand their numbers ex vivo. Here we describe a methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel for in vitro culture of primary murine HSCs. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a critical biomolecular component of native HSC niches in vivo and is used in large dosages in cell culture media for HSC expansion in vitro. We report a photochemistry based approach to covalently immobilize SCF within GelMA hydrogels via acrylate-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) tethers. PEG-functionalized SCF retains the native bioactivity of SCF but can be stably incorporated and retained within the GelMA hydrogel over 7 days. Freshly-isolated murine HSCs cultured in GelMA hydrogels containing covalently-immobilized SCF showed reduced proliferation and improved selectivity for maintaining primitive HSCs. Comparatively, soluble SCF within the GelMA hydrogel network induced increased proliferation of differentiating hematopoietic cells. We used a microfluidic templating approach to create GelMA hydrogels containing gradients of immobilized SCF that locally direct HSC response. Together, we report a biomaterial platform to examine the effect of the local presentation of soluble vs. matrix-immobilized biomolecular signals on HSC expansion and lineage specification. This approach may be a critical component of a biomaterial-based artificial bone marrow to provide the correct sequence of niche signals to grow HSCs in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan P Mahadik
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Sara Pedron Haba
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Luke J Skertich
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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20
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Moraes C, Labuz JM, Shao Y, Fu J, Takayama S. Supersoft lithography: candy-based fabrication of soft silicone microstructures. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3760-5. [PMID: 26245893 PMCID: PMC4550510 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00722d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We designed a fabrication technique able to replicate microstructures in soft silicone materials (E < 1 kPa). Sugar-based 'hard candy' recipes from the confectionery industry were modified to be compatible with silicone processing conditions, and used as templates for replica molding. Microstructures fabricated in soft silicones can then be easily released by dissolving the template in water. We anticipate that this technique will be of particular importance in replicating physiologically soft, microstructured environments for cell culture, and demonstrate a first application in which intrinsically soft microstructures are used to measure forces generated by fibroblast-laden contractile tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Joseph M. Labuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC, MI 48109-2800, USA
- Macromolecular science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Xu S, Kim A, Jeffries GDM, Jesorka A. A rapid microfluidic technique for integrated viability determination of adherent single cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1295-301. [PMID: 25542567 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on a novel protocol for determining the viability of individual cells in an adherent cell culture, without adversely affecting the remaining cells in the sample. This is facilitated using a freestanding microfluidic perfusion device, the Multifunctional Pipette (MFP), which generates a virtual flow cell around selected single cells. We investigated the utility on four different cell lines, NG108-15, HEK 293, PC12, and CHO, and combined the assay with a cell poration experiment, in which we apply the pore-forming agent digitonin, followed by fluorescein diphosphate, a pre-fluorescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase, in order to monitor intracellular enzyme activity. The cell viability was instantly assessed through simultaneous perfusion with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI), both being dispensed through the same superfusion device used to porate and deliver the enzyme substrate. In this fluorescence assay, viable and non-viable cells were distinguished by their green and red emission, respectively, within 10 s. In addition, the enzyme activity was monitored over time as a secondary test for cellular activity. Our findings demonstrate that this microfluidic technology-assisted approach is a facile, rapid, and reliable means to determine the viability in single-cell experiments and that viability studies can be performed routinely alongside typical substrate delivery protocols. This approach would remove the need for global cell viability testing and would enable viability studies of only the cells under experimental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Sawicki LA, Kloxin AM. Design of thiol-ene photoclick hydrogels using facile techniques for cell culture applications†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00187gClick here for additional data file. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1612-1626. [PMID: 25717375 PMCID: PMC4324132 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-ene 'click' chemistries have been widely used in biomaterials applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and controlled cell culture, owing to their rapid, cytocompatible, and often orthogonal reactivity. In particular, hydrogel-based biomaterials formed by photoinitiated thiol-ene reactions afford spatiotemporal control over the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the network for creating synthetic materials that mimic the extracellular matrix or enable controlled drug release. However, the use of charged peptides functionalized with cysteines, which can form disulfides prior to reaction, and vinyl monomers that require multistep syntheses and contain ester bonds, may lead to undesired inhomogeneity or degradation under cell culture conditions. Here, we designed a thiol-ene hydrogel formed by the reaction of allyloxycarbonyl-functionalized peptides and thiol-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol). Hydrogels were polymerized by free radical initiation under cytocompatible doses of long wavelength ultraviolet light in the presence of water-soluble photoinitiators (lithium acylphosphinate, LAP, and 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone, Irgacure 2959). Mechanical properties of these hydrogels were controlled by varying the monomer concentration to mimic a range of soft tissue environments, and hydrogel stability in cell culture medium was observed over weeks. Patterns of biochemical cues were created within the hydrogels post-formation and confirmed through the incorporation of fluorescently-labeled peptides and Ellman's assay to detect free thiols. Human mesenchymal stem cells remained viable after encapsulation and subsequent photopatterning, demonstrating the utility of the monomers and hydrogels for three-dimensional cell culture. This facile approach enables the formation and characterization of hydrogels with well-defined, spatially-specific properties and expands the suite of monomers available for three-dimensional cell culture and other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Sawicki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA . ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
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23
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Garland SP, McKee CT, Chang YR, Raghunathan VK, Russell P, Murphy CJ. A cell culture substrate with biologically relevant size-scale topography and compliance of the basement membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2101-8. [PMID: 24524303 PMCID: PMC3983385 DOI: 10.1021/la403590v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature broadly documents that a wide array of fundamental cell behaviors are modulated by the physical attributes of the cellular microenvironment, yet in vitro assays are typically carried out using tissue culture plastic or glass substrates that lack the 3-dimensional topography present in vivo and have stiffness values that far exceed that of cellular and stromal microenvironments. This work presents a method for the fabrication of thin hydrogel films that can replicate arbitrary topographies with a resolution of 400 nm that possess an elastic modulus of approximately 250 kPa. Material characterization including swelling behavior and mechanics were performed and reported. Cells cultured on these surfaces patterned with anisotropic ridges and grooves react to the biophysical cues present and show an alignment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P. Garland
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Clayton T. McKee
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yow-Ren Chang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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24
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Cuchiara ML, Horter KL, Banda OA, West JL. Covalent immobilization of stem cell factor and stromal derived factor 1α for in vitro culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9258-69. [PMID: 23958779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are currently utilized in the treatment of blood diseases, but widespread application of HSC therapeutics has been hindered by the limited availability of HSCs. With a better understanding of the HSC microenvironment and the ability to precisely recapitulate its components, we may be able to gain control of HSC behavior. In this work we developed a novel, biomimetic PEG hydrogel material as a substrate for this purpose and tested its potential with an anchorage-independent hematopoietic cell line, 32D clone 3 cells. We immobilized a fibronectin-derived adhesive peptide sequence, RGDS; a cytokine critical in HSC self-renewal, stem cell factor (SCF); and a chemokine important in HSC homing and lodging, stromal derived factor 1α (SDF1α), onto the surfaces of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. To evaluate the system's capabilities, we observed the effects of the biomolecules on 32D cell adhesion and morphology. We demonstrated that the incorporation of RGDS onto the surfaces promotes 32D cell adhesion in a dose-dependent fashion. We also observed an additive response in adhesion on surfaces with RGDS in combination with either SCF or SDF1α. In addition, the average cell area increased and circularity decreased on gel surfaces containing immobilized SCF or SDF1α, indicating enhanced cell spreading. By recapitulating aspects of the HSC microenvironment using a PEG hydrogel scaffold, we have shown the ability to control the adhesion and spreading of the 32D cells and demonstrated the potential of the system for the culture of primary hematopoietic cell populations.
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25
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Shi X, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Chen S, Wu H. One-step generation of engineered drug-laden poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micropatterned with Teflon chips for potential application in tendon restoration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10583-10590. [PMID: 24111820 DOI: 10.1021/am402388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulating cellular behaviors such as cellular spatial arrangement and cellular phenotype is critical for managing tissue microstructure and biological function for engineered tissue regeneration. We herein pattern drug-laden poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) into grooves using novel Teflon stamps (that possess excellent properties of resistance to harsh organic solvents and molecular adsorption) for engineered tendon-repair therapeutics. The drug release and biological properties of melatonin-laden PLGA grooved micropatterns are investigated. The results reveal that fibroblasts cultured on the melatonin-laden PLGA groove micropatterns not only display significant cell alignment that mimics the cell behavior in native tendon, but also promote the secretion of a major extracellular matrix in tendon, type I collagen, indicating great potential for the engineering of functional tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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Harink B, Le Gac S, Truckenmüller R, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P. Regeneration-on-a-chip? The perspectives on use of microfluidics in regenerative medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3512-28. [PMID: 23877890 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of regenerative medicine is to restore or establish normal function of damaged tissues or organs. Tremendous efforts are placed into development of novel regenerative strategies, involving (stem) cells, soluble factors, biomaterials or combinations thereof, as a result of the growing need caused by continuous population aging. To satisfy this need, fast and reliable assessment of (biological) performance is sought, not only to select the potentially interesting candidates, but also to rule out poor ones at an early stage of development. Microfluidics may provide a new avenue to accelerate research and development in the field of regenerative medicine as it has proven its maturity for the realization of high-throughput screening platforms. In addition, microfluidic systems offer other advantages such as the possibility to create in vivo-like microenvironments. Besides the complexity of organs or tissues that need to be regenerated, regenerative medicine brings additional challenges of complex regeneration processes and strategies. The question therefore arises whether so much complexity can be integrated into microfluidic systems without compromising reliability and throughput of assays. With this review, we aim to investigate whether microfluidics can become widely applied in regenerative medicine research and/or strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Harink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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SU-8 photolithography on reactive plasma thin-films: coated microwells for peptide display. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:313-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Goubko CA, Basak A, Majumdar S, Cao X. Dynamic cell patterning of photoresponsive hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:381-91. [PMID: 23520029 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Techniques to pattern cells on biocompatible hydrogels allow for the creation of highly controlled cell microenvironments within materials that mimic the physicochemical properties of native tissues. Such technology has the potential to further enhance our knowledge of cell biology and to play a role in the development of novel tissue engineering devices. Light is an ideal stimulus to catalyze pattern formation since it can be controlled spatially as well as temporally. Herein, we have developed and enhanced a hydrogel cell patterning strategy. It is based on photoactive caged RGDS peptides incorporated into a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel, which can be subsequently activated with near-UV light to create cell-adhesive regions within an otherwise non-adhesive hydrogel. With this strategy, we have been able to pattern multiple cell populations-either in contact with one another or held apart-on an underlying chemically patterned HA hydrogel. Furthermore, the hydrogel cell pattern could be altered with time, even 2 weeks after initial seeding, to create additional adhesive regions to regulate the direction of cell growth and migration. These dynamic hydrogel cell patterns, created with a standard fluorescence microscope, were shown to be robust and lasted at least 3 weeks in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Goubko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Jun I, Kim SJ, Choi E, Park KM, Rhim T, Park J, Park KD, Shin H. Preparation of biomimetic hydrogels with controlled cell adhesive properties and topographical features for the study of muscle cell adhesion and proliferation. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1502-13. [PMID: 22965817 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic substrates with defined chemical and structural characteristics may potentially be prepared to mimic the living ECM to regulate cell adhesion and growth. Hydrogels with cell-adhesive peptides (0.28 ± 0.03 nmol peptide cm(-2) , TTA-R-0.5; and 0.91 ± 0.12 nmol peptide cm(-2) , TTA-R-2.0) and/or micro-scaled topographical patterns (10, 25, and 80 µm grooves) are prepared using enzymatic polymerization. The adherent morphology and proliferation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts and human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSM) on the hydrogels are studied. The newly developed hydrogels may be useful in investigating the roles of cell adhesion and substrate surface properties in the communication of adherent cells with the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Kobel SA, Burri O, Griffa A, Girotra M, Seitz A, Lutolf MP. Automated analysis of single stem cells in microfluidic traps. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2843-2849. [PMID: 22647973 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a reliable strategy to perform automated image cytometry of single (non-adherent) stem cells captured in microfluidic traps. The method rapidly segments images of an entire microfluidic chip based on the detection of horizontal edges of microfluidic channels, from where the position of the trapped cells can be derived and the trapped cells identified with very high precision (>97%). We used this method to successfully quantify the efficiency and spatial distribution of single-cell loading of a microfluidic chip comprised of 2048 single-cell traps. Furthermore, cytometric analysis of trapped primary hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) faithfully recapitulated the distribution of cells in the G1 and S/G2-M phase of the cell cycle that was measured by flow cytometry. This approach should be applicable to automatically track single live cells in a wealth of microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Kobel
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering (LSCB), Institute of Bioengineering and School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Patterning surface by site selective capture of biopolymer hydrogel beads. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:369-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vannini N, Roch A, Naveiras O, Griffa A, Kobel S, Lutolf MP. Identification of in vitro HSC fate regulators by differential lipid raft clustering. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1535-43. [PMID: 22436489 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow reside in a quiescent state and occasionally enter the cell cycle upon cytokine-induced activation. Although the mechanisms regulating HSC quiescence and activation remain poorly defined, recent studies have revealed a role of lipid raft clustering (LRC) in HSC activation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes in lipid raft distribution could serve as an indicator of the quiescent and activated state of HSCs in response to putative niche signals. A semi-automated image analysis tool was developed to map the presence or absence of lipid raft clusters in live HSCs cultured for just one hour in serum-free medium supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF). By screening the ability of 19 protein candidates to alter lipid raft dynamics, we identified six factors that induced either a marked decrease (Wnt5a, Wnt3a and Osteopontin) or increase (IL3, IL6 and VEGF) in LRC. Cell cycle kinetics of single HSCs exposed to these factors revealed a correlation of LRC dynamics and proliferation kinetics: factors that decreased LRC slowed down cell cycle kinetics, while factors that increased LRC led to faster and more synchronous cycling. The possibility of identifying, by LRC analysis at very early time points, whether a stem cell is activated and possibly committed upon exposure to a signaling cue of interest could open up new avenues for large-scale screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vannini
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Roccio M, Gobaa S, Lutolf MP. High-throughput clonal analysis of neural stem cells in microarrayed artificial niches. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:391-400. [PMID: 22307554 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the extrinsic signals that control neural stem cell (NSC) fate, here we applied a microwell array platform which allows high-throughput clonal analyses of NSCs, cultured either as neurospheres or as adherent clones, exposed to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel substrates functionalized with selected signaling molecules. We analyzed by time-lapse microscopy and retrospective immunostaining the role of integrin and Notch ligands, two key NSC niche components, in altering the behavior of several hundred single stem cells isolated from a previously described Hes5::GFP reporter mouse. NSC self-renewal was increased by 1.5-fold upon exposure to covalently tethered Laminin-1 and fibronectin fragment 9-10 (FN(9-10)), where 60-65% of single cells proliferated extensively and remained Nestin positive. Tethering of the Notch ligand Jagged-1 induced activation of Notch signaling. While Jagged-1 alone increased cell survival and proliferation, no further increase in the clonogenic potential of Hes5::GFP cells was observed upon co-stimulation with Laminin-1 and Jagged-1. We believe that the bioengineering of such in vitro niche analogues is a powerful approach to elucidate single stem cell fate regulation in a well-controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roccio
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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Kobel SA, Lutolf MP. Fabrication of PEG hydrogel microwell arrays for high-throughput single stem cell culture and analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 811:101-12. [PMID: 22042675 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-388-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microwell arrays are cell culture and imaging platforms to assess cells at a single cell level and in high-throughput. They allow the spatial confinement of single cells in microfabricated cavities on a substrate and thus the continuous long-term observation of single cells and their progeny. The recent development of microwell arrays from soft, biomimetic hydrogels further increases the physiological relevance of these platforms, as it substantially enhances stem cell survival and the efficiency of self-renewal or differentiation. This protocol describes the microfabrication of such hydrogel microwell arrays, as well as the cell handling and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Kobel
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Turunen S, Haaparanta AM, Äänismaa R, Kellomäki M. Chemical and topographical patterning of hydrogels for neural cell guidancein vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:253-70. [DOI: 10.1002/term.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tampere University of Technology; Finland
| | | | - Riikka Äänismaa
- NeuroGroup, Institute for Biomedical Technology; University of Tampere; Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tampere University of Technology; Finland
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Peng R, Yao X, Ding J. Effect of cell anisotropy on differentiation of stem cells on micropatterned surfaces through the controlled single cell adhesion. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8048-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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He Q, Sévérac F, Hajjoul H, Viero Y, Bancaud A. Directed assembly of nanoparticles along predictable large-scale patterns using micromolded hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6598-6605. [PMID: 21561079 DOI: 10.1021/la200064n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a new technology to organize microparticles and nanoparticles along micropatterns of variable complexity over centimeter-squared surfaces. This technology relies on the fabrication of textured hydrogels, which serve as templates for directed assembly after the deposition of a droplet of colloids on their surfaces. We show that directed assembly occurs spontaneously during water evaporation, and we demonstrate the efficiency of this mechanism for a variety of organic and inorganic nano-objects. The dynamics of this process is also uncovered by light microscopy, showing that the patterns imprinted on the gel determine fluid flow during water evaporation and allow for directed movements toward predictable positions. We finally propose different methods to transfer assembled particles from hydrogels to glass, silicon, or metallic surfaces, and we show that the assembled and transferred particles retain their surface properties for bioassays. Beyond the originality of this spontaneous assembly mechanism, it constitutes an attractive technology for nano-object large-scale integration, which does not require costly environmental control equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao He
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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Dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes in organogels by incorporation into organogel fibers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 352:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The potential of stem cells in clinics and as a diagnostic tool is still largely unmet, partially due to a lack of in vitro models that efficiently mimic the in vivo stem cell microenvironment-or niche-and thus would allow reproducible propagation of stem cells or their controlled differentiation in vitro. The current methodological challenges in studying and manipulating stem cells have spurred intense development and application of microfabrication and micropatterning technologies in stem cell biology. These approaches can be readily used to dissect the complex molecular interplay of stem cells and their niche and study single-cell behavior in high-throughput. Increased merging of microfabrication with advanced biomaterials technologies may ultimately result in functional artificial niches capable of recapitulating extrinsic stem cell regulation in vitro and on a single-cell level.
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Gupta K, Kim DH, Ellison D, Smith C, Kundu A, Tuan J, Suh KY, Levchenko A. Lab-on-a-chip devices as an emerging platform for stem cell biology. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2019-31. [PMID: 20556297 DOI: 10.1039/c004689b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of stem cell based therapies has brought regenerative medicine into an increased focus as a part of the modern medicine practice, with a potential to treat a myriad of intractable diseases in the future. Stem cells reside in a complex microenvironment presenting them with a multitude of potential cues that are chemical, physical, and mechanical in nature. Conventional techniques used for experiments involving stem cells can only poorly mimic the physiological context, and suffer from imprecise spatial and temporal control, low throughput, lack of scalability and reproducibility, and poor representation of the mechanical and physical cell microenvironment. Novel lab-on-a-chip platforms, on the other hand, can much better mimic the complexity of in vivo tissue milieu and provide a greater control of the parameter variation in a high throughput and scalable manner. This capability may be especially important for understanding the biology and cementing the clinical potential of stem cell based therapies. Here we review microfabrication- and microfluidics-based approaches to investigating the complex biology of stem cell responses to changes in the local microenvironment. In particular, we categorize each method based on the types of controlled inputs it can have on stem cells, including soluble biochemical factors, extracellular matrix interactions, homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell signaling, physical cues (e.g. oxygen tension, pH, temperature), and mechanical forces (e.g. shear, topography, rigidity). Finally, we outline the methods to perform large scale observations of stem cell phenotypes and high-throughput screening of cellular responses to a combination of stimuli, and many new emerging technologies that are becoming available specifically for stem cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Sharma CS, Verma A, Kulkarni MM, Upadhyay DK, Sharma A. Microfabrication of carbon structures by pattern miniaturization in resorcinol-formaldehyde gel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:2193-2197. [PMID: 20681561 DOI: 10.1021/am100512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple and novel method to fabricate and miniaturize surface and subsurface microstructures and micropatterns in glassy carbon is proposed and demonstrated. An aqueous resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) sol is employed for micromolding of the master pattern to be replicated, followed by controlled drying and pyrolysis of the gel to reproduce an isotropically shrunk replica in carbon. The miniaturized version of the master pattern thus replicated in carbon is about 1 order of magnitude smaller than original master by repeating three times the above cycle of molding and drying. The microfabrication method proposed will greatly enhance the toolbox for a facile fabrication of a variety of carbon-MEMS and C-microfluidic devices.
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Charnley M, Textor M, Khademhosseini A, Lutolf MP. Integration column: microwell arrays for mammalian cell culture. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:625-34. [PMID: 20027371 DOI: 10.1039/b918172p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microwell arrays have emerged as robust and versatile alternatives to conventional mammalian cell culture substrates. Using standard microfabrication processes, biomaterials surfaces can be topographically patterned to comprise high-density arrays of micron-sized cavities with desirable geometry. Hundreds to thousands of individual cells or cell colonies with controlled size and shape can be trapped in these cavities by simple gravitational sedimentation. Efficient long-term cell confinement allows for parallel analyses and manipulation of cell fate during in vitro culture. These live-cell arrays have already found applications in cell biology, for example to probe the effect of cell colony size on embryonic stem cell differentiation, to dissect the heterogeneity in single cell proliferation kinetics of neural or hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell populations, or to elucidate the role of cell shape on cell function. Here, we highlight the key applications of these platforms, hopefully inspiring biologists to apply these systems for their own studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirren Charnley
- BioInterfaceGroup, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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