1
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Yu X, Peng Z, Xu L, Shi W, Li Z, Meng X, He X, Wang Z, Duan S, Tong L, Huang X, Miao X, Hu W, Ye L. Manipulating 2D Materials through Strain Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402561. [PMID: 38818684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the growing interest in 2D layered materials, such as graphene, h-BN, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus (BP), with a specific focus on recent advances in strain engineering. Both experimental and theoretical results are delved into, highlighting the potential of strain to modulate physical properties, thereby enhancing device performance. Various strain engineering methods are summarized, and the impact of strain on the electrical, optical, magnetic, thermal, and valleytronic properties of 2D materials is thoroughly examined. Finally, the review concludes by addressing potential applications and challenges in utilizing strain engineering for functional devices, offering valuable insights for further research and applications in optoelectronics, thermionics, and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Yu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- School of Physic and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, China
| | - Zhuiri Peng
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Langlang Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiaohan Meng
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Shikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, China
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2
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Yu M, Xun W, Dong Y, Gu H, Zhong JL, Ren J, Hao X, Wu YZ. Anisotropic optical property of ferroelectric Bi 2O 2X(X = S,Se,Te) monolayer and strain engineering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:335302. [PMID: 38740061 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad4add] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Based on the first-principles calculations, ferroelectricBi2O2X(X=S,Se,Te)monolayers with unequivalent in-plane lattice constants are confirmed to be the ground state, which is consistent with the experiment result (Ghoshet al2019Nano Lett.195703-09), and the anisotropic optical property is firstly investigated. We find that the polarizations ofBi2O2Xmonolayers points along the direction ofa-axis, andBi2O2Temonolayer process the largest polarization. Furthermore, both the biaxial and uniaxial strains are favor for the enhancement of polarization ofBi2O2Xmonolayers. It should be mentioned that the type of band gap will convert from indirect to direct forBi2O2Temonolayer when thea-axial tensile strain is larger than 2%. At last, the optical absorption coefficient forBi2O2Xmonolayers are calculated, and we obtain thatBi2O2Temonolayer has the strongest optical absorption within the range of visible light, the anisotropy and possible strain engineering to improve the optical absorption are discussed in detail. Our findings are significant in fields of optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Electronics and Information, Huaian 223003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojun Dong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Gu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
- Semiconductor Sensor and Microelectronic system TEKISM United Laboratory, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Zhong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
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3
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Hwang J, Park J, Choi J, Lee T, Lee HC, Cho K. Self-Assembly of Organic Semiconductors on Strained Graphene under Strain-Induced Pseudo-Electric Fields. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400598. [PMID: 38477451 PMCID: PMC11109627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Graphene is used as a growth template for van der Waals epitaxy of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films. During the synthesis and transfer of chemical-vapor-deposited graphene on a target substrate, local inhomogeneities in the graphene-in particular, a nonuniform strain field in the graphene template-can easily form, causing poor morphology and crystallinity of the OSC thin films. Moreover, a strain field in graphene introduces a pseudo-electric field in the graphene. Here, the study investigates how the strain and strain-induced pseudo-electric field of a graphene template affect the self-assembly of π-conjugated organic molecules on it. Periodically strained graphene templates are fabricated by transferring graphene onto an array of nanospheres and then analyzed the growth and nucleation behavior of C60 thin films on the strained graphene templates. Both experiments and a numerical simulation demonstrated that strained graphene reduced the desorption energy between the graphene and the C60 molecules and thereby suppressed both nucleation and growth of the C60. A mechanism is proposed in which the strain-induced pseudo-electric field in graphene modulates the binding energy of organic molecules on the graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Hwang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Park
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Taeksang Lee
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMyongji UniversityYongin17058Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMyongji UniversityYongin17058Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Republic of Korea
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4
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Mukherjee P, Kundu S, Ganguly R, Barui A, RoyChaudhuri C. Deformed graphene FET biosensor on textured glass coupled with dielectrophoretic trapping for ultrasensitive detection of GFAP. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:295502. [PMID: 38604130 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3d65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Numerous efforts have been undertaken to mitigate the Debye screening effect of FET biosensors for achieving higher sensitivity. There are few reports that show sub-femtomolar detection of biomolecules by FET mechanisms but they either suffer from significant background noise or lack robust control. In this aspect, deformed/crumpled graphene has been recently deployed by other researchers for various biomolecule detection like DNA, COVID-19 spike proteins and immunity markers like IL-6 at sub-femtomolar levels. However, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach for graphene fabrication suffers from various surface contamination while the transfer process induces structural defects. In this paper, an alternative fabrication methodology has been proposed where glass substrate has been initially texturized by wet chemical etching through the sacrificial layer of synthesized silver nanoparticles, obtained by annealing of thin silver films leading to solid state dewetting. Graphene has been subsequently deposited by thermal reduction technique from graphene oxide solution. The resulting deformed graphene structure exhibits higher sensor response towards glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) detection with respect to flat graphene owing to the combined effect of reduced Debye screening and higher surface area for receptor immobilization. Additionally, another interesting aspect of the reported work lies in the biomolecule capture by dielectrophoretic (DEP) transport on the crests of the convex surfaces of graphene in a coplanar gated topology structure which has resulted in 10 aM and 28 aM detection limits of GFAP in buffer and undiluted plasma respectively, within 15 min of application of analyte. The detection limit in buffer is almost four decades lower than that documented for GFAP using biosensors which is is expected to pave way for advancing graphene FET based sensors towards ultrasensitive point-of-care diagnosis of GFAP, a biomarker for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science & Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - S Kundu
- Dr Bholanath Chakraborty Memorial Fundamental Research Laboratory (under CCRH), Centre of Healthcare Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science & Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - R Ganguly
- Centre of Healthcare Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science & Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - A Barui
- Centre of Healthcare Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science & Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - C RoyChaudhuri
- Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science & Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
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5
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Seiler AM, Jacobsen N, Statz M, Fernandez N, Falorsi F, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Dong Z, Levitov LS, Weitz RT. Probing the tunable multi-cone band structure in Bernal bilayer graphene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3133. [PMID: 38605052 PMCID: PMC11009389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bernal bilayer graphene (BLG) offers a highly flexible platform for tuning the band structure, featuring two distinct regimes. One is a tunable band gap induced by large displacement fields. Another is a gapless metallic band occurring at low fields, featuring rich fine structure consisting of four linearly dispersing Dirac cones and van Hove singularities. Even though BLG has been extensively studied experimentally, the evidence of this band structure is still elusive, likely due to insufficient energy resolution. Here, we use Landau levels as markers of the energy dispersion and analyze the Landau level spectrum in a regime where the cyclotron orbits of electrons or holes in momentum space are small enough to resolve the distinct mini Dirac cones. We identify the presence of four Dirac cones and map out topological transitions induced by displacement field. By clarifying the low-energy properties of BLG bands, these findings provide a valuable addition to the toolkit for graphene electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Seiler
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Jacobsen
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Statz
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Noelia Fernandez
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Falorsi
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhiyu Dong
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonid S Levitov
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Thomas Weitz
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Cheng L, Yeung CS, Huang L, Ye G, Yan J, Li W, Yiu C, Chen FR, Shen H, Tang BZ, Ren Y, Yu X, Ye R. Flash healing of laser-induced graphene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2925. [PMID: 38575649 PMCID: PMC10995154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has streamlined the fabrications of flexible graphene devices. However, the ultrafast kinetics triggered by laser irradiation generates intrinsic amorphous characteristics, leading to high resistivity and compromised performance in electronic devices. Healing graphene defects in specific patterns is technologically challenging by conventional methods. Herein, we report the rapid rectification of LIG's topological defects by flash Joule heating in milliseconds (referred to as F-LIG), whilst preserving its overall structure and porosity. The F-LIG exhibits a decreased ID/IG ratio from 0.84 - 0.33 and increased crystalline domain from Raman analysis, coupled with a 5-fold surge in conductivity. Pair distribution function and atomic-resolution imaging delineate a broader-range order of F-LIG with a shorter C-C bond of 1.425 Å. The improved crystallinity and conductivity of F-LIG with excellent flexibility enables its utilization in high-performance soft electronics and low-voltage disinfections. Notably, our F-LIG/polydimethylsiloxane strain sensor exhibits a gauge factor of 129.3 within 10% strain, which outperforms pristine LIG by 800%, showcasing significant potential for human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Chi Shun Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Libei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Division of Science, Engineering and Health Study, School of Professional Education and Executive Development (PolyU SPEED), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ge Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Time-resolved Aberration Corrected Environmental Electron Microscope Unit, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wanpeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Time-resolved Aberration Corrected Environmental Electron Microscope Unit, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chunki Yiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Time-resolved Aberration Corrected Environmental Electron Microscope Unit, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hanchen Shen
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Centre for Neutron Scattering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China.
- City University of Hong Kong Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.
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7
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Wang H, Chen Q, Cao Y, Sang W, Tan F, Li H, Wang T, Gan Y, Xiang D, Liu T. Anisotropic Strain-Tailoring Nonlinear Optical Response in van der Waals NbOI 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3413-3420. [PMID: 38456746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) NbOI2 demonstrates significant second-harmonic generation (SHG) with a high conversion efficiency. To unlock its full potential in practical applications, it is desirable to modulate the SHG behavior while utilizing the intrinsic lattice anisotropy. Here, we demonstrate direction-specific modulation of the SHG response in NbOI2 by applying anisotropic strain with respect to the intrinsic lattice orientations, where more than 2-fold enhancement in the SHG intensity is achieved under strain along the polar axis. The strain-driven SHG evolution is attributed to the strengthened built-in piezoelectric field (polar axis) and the enlarged Peierls distortions (nonpolar axis). Moreover, we provide quantifications of the correlation between strain and SHG intensity in terms of the susceptibility tensor. Our results demonstrate the effective coupling of orientation-specific strain to the anisotropic SHG response through the intrinsic polar order in 2D nonlinear optical crystals, opening a new paradigm toward the development of functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihui Sang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feixia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Honghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Gan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Du Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, and Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Jeong S, Kim U, Lee S, Zhang Y, Son E, Choi KJ, Han YK, Baik JM, Park H. Superaerophobic/Superhydrophilic Multidimensional Electrode System for High-Current-Density Water Electrolysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7558-7569. [PMID: 38420914 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Water electrolysis is emerging as a promising renewable-energy technology for the green production of hydrogen, which is a representative and reliable clean energy source. From economical and industrial perspectives, the development of earth-abundant non-noble metal-based and bifunctional catalysts, which can simultaneously exhibit high catalytic activities and stabilities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is critical; however, to date, these types of catalysts have not been constructed, particularly, for high-current-density water electrolysis at the industrial level. This study developed a heterostructured zero-dimensional (0D)-one-dimensional (1D) PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF)-Ni3S2 as a self-supported catalytic electrode via interface and morphology engineering. This unique heterodimensional nanostructure of the PBSCF-Ni3S2 system demonstrates superaerophobic/superhydrophilic features and maximizes the exposure of the highly active heterointerface, endowing the PBSCF-Ni3S2 electrode with outstanding electrocatalytic performances in both HER and OER and exceptional operational stability during the overall water electrolysis at high current densities (500 h at 500 mA cm-2). This study provides important insights into the development of catalytic electrodes for efficient and stable large-scale hydrogen production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Jeong
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ungsoo Kim
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Sangjin Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yihan Zhang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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9
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Dey A, Azizimanesh A, Wu SM, Askari H. Uniaxial Strain-Induced Stacking Order Change in Trilayer Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8169-8183. [PMID: 38295436 PMCID: PMC10875650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The layer stacking order in two-dimensional heterostructures, like graphene, affects their physical properties and potential applications. Trilayer graphene, specifically ABC-trilayer graphene, has captured significant interest due to its potential for correlated electronic states. However, achieving a stable ABC arrangement is challenging due to its lower thermodynamic stability compared to the more stable ABA stacking. Despite recent advancements in obtaining ABC graphene through external perturbations, such as strain, the stacking transition mechanism remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we unveil a universal mechanism to achieve ABC stacking, applicable for understanding ABA to ABC stacking changes induced by any mechanical perturbations. Our approach is based on a novel strain engineering technique that induces interlayer slippage and results in the formation of stable ABC domains. We investigate the underlying interfacial mechanisms of this stacking change through computational simulations and experiments. Our findings demonstrate a highly anisotropic and significant transformation of ABA stacking to large and stable ABC domains facilitated by interlayer slippage. Through atomistic simulations and local energy analysis, we systematically demonstrate the mechanism for this stacking transition, that is dependent on specific loading orientation. Understanding such a mechanism allows this material system to be engineered by design compatible with industrial techniques on a device-by-device level. We conduct Raman studies to validate and characterize the formed ABC stacking, highlighting its distinct features compared to the ABA region. Our results contribute to a clearer understanding of the stacking change mechanism and provide a robust and controllable method for achieving stable ABC domains, facilitating their use in developing advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Dey
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ahmad Azizimanesh
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0001, United States
| | - Stephen M. Wu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0001, United States
| | - Hesam Askari
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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10
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Chen SB, Guo SD, Yan WJ, Chen XR, Geng HY. Equibiaxial strain regulates the electronic structure and mechanical, piezoelectric, and thermal transport properties of the 2H-phase monolayers CrX 2 (X = S, Se, Te). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3159-3167. [PMID: 38190261 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04604d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A superior piezoelectric coefficient and diminutive lattice thermal conductivity are advantageous for the application of a two-dimensional semiconductor in piezoelectric and thermoelectric devices, whereas an imperfect piezoelectric coefficient and large lattice thermal conductivity limit the practical application of the material. In this study, we investigate how the equibiaxial strain regulates the electronic structure, and mechanical, piezoelectric, and thermal transport properties. Tensile strain can deduce the bandgap of the monolayer CrX2 (X = S, Se, Te), whereas compressive strain has an opposite effect. Additionally, the transition from a semiconductor to a metal state and the transition between direct and indirect band gaps will occur at appropriate strain values, so the electronic structure can be effectively regulated. The reason is the different sensitivities of the energy corresponding to K and Γ on the valence band to the strain due to the changes in different orbital overlaps. The tensile strain can effectively improve the flexibility of monolayers CrX2, which provides a possibility for the application of flexible electronic devices. Furthermore, the tensile strain can improve the piezoelectric strain coefficient of monolayers CrX2. Using Slacks formulation, we calculate the lattice thermal conductivity, and the tensile biaxial strain can reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. Our research provides a strategy to enhance the piezoelectric and flexible electronic applications and decrease the lattice thermal conductivity, which can benefit the thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bo Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - San-Dong Guo
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xian University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xian 710121, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wan-Jun Yan
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- College of Physics, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Hua-Yun Geng
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, Peoples Republic of China
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11
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Sohn A, Hwang HJ, Zhao P, Kim W, Jung JH, Kang L, Choi D, Kim SW. Boosting the Output Performance of the MoS 2 Monolayer-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator by Artificial Dual Strain Concentration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1317-1325. [PMID: 38118048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers have been intensively studied owing to their superior mechanical durability and stability. However, the limited output performance resulting from a small active area and low strain levels continues to pose a significant challenge that should be overcome. Herein, we report a novel strategy for the epoch-making output performance of a PENG with a MoS2 monolayer by adopting the additive strain concentration concept. The simulation study indicates that strain in the MoS2 monolayer can be initially augmented by the wavy structure resulting from the prestretched poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and is further increased through flexural deformation (i.e., bending). Based on these studies, we have developed concentrated strain-applied PENGs with MoS2 monolayers. The wavy structures effectively applied strain to the MoS2 monolayer and generated a piezoelectric output voltage and current of around 580 mV and 47.5 nA, respectively. Our innovative approach to enhancing the performance of PENGs with MoS2 monolayers through the artificial dual strain concept has led to groundbreaking results, achieving the highest recorded output voltage and current for PENGs based on two-dimensional (2D) materials, which provides unique opportunities for the 2D-based energy harvesting field and structural insight into how to improve the net strain on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahrum Sohn
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pin Zhao
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lixing Kang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dukhyun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human-Oriented Triboelectric Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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12
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Vićentić T, Greco I, Iorio CS, Mišković V, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Pašti IA, Radulović K, Klenk S, Stimpel-Lindner T, Duesberg GS, Spasenović M. Laser-induced graphene on cross-linked sodium alginate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:115103. [PMID: 38081076 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) possesses desirable properties for numerous applications. However, LIG formation on biocompatible substrates is needed to further augment the integration of LIG-based technologies into nanobiotechnology. Here, LIG formation on cross-linked sodium alginate is reported. The LIG is systematically investigated, providing a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of the material. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques confirm the successful generation of oxidized graphene on the surface of cross-linked sodium alginate. The influence of laser parameters and the amount of crosslinker incorporated into the alginate substrate is explored, revealing that lower laser speed, higher resolution, and increased CaCl2content leads to LIG with lower electrical resistance. These findings could have significant implications for the fabrication of LIG on alginate with tailored conductive properties, but they could also play a guiding role for LIG formation on other biocompatible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vićentić
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Greco
- Center for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies (CREST), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - C S Iorio
- Center for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies (CREST), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - V Mišković
- Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - I A Pašti
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Radulović
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Klenk
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - T Stimpel-Lindner
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - G S Duesberg
- Institute of Physics, EIT 2, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - M Spasenović
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Gendron D, Bubak G. Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Materials as Xenobiotics in Living Systems: Is There a Consensus on Their Safety? J Xenobiot 2023; 13:740-760. [PMID: 38132708 PMCID: PMC10744618 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and graphene are two types of nanomaterials that have unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including biomedicine, energy storage, and gas sensing. However, there is still a debate about the safety of these materials, and there is yet to be a complete consensus on their potential risks to human health and the environment. While some studies have provided recommendations for occupational exposure limits, more research is needed to fully understand the potential risks of these materials to human health and the environment. In this review, we will try to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using carbon nanotubes and graphene as well as composites containing them in the context of their biocompatibility and toxicity to living systems. In addition, we overview current policy guidelines and technical regulations regarding the safety of carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gendron
- Kemitek, Cégep de Thetford, 835 Rue Mooney, Thetford Mines, QC G6G 0A5, Canada
| | - Grzegorz Bubak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
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14
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Ngoc LN, Nguyen HTT, Hoang VV, Ngoc Thanh Thuy T. Compression-induced hexa-to-tetra phase transition of confined germanene. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108553. [PMID: 37343445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we find the existence of the new allotrope of two-dimensional (2D) germanene, i.e. 2D tetra-germanene (tetra-Ge) which contains entirely tetragons. We compress 2D hexa-germanene (hexa-Ge) step by step over a broad density range at constant temperature and hexa-tetra Ge phase transition occurs. We find that the compression of hexa-Ge at 2000 K (not far above the melting point of hexa-Ge) leads to the formation of tetra-Ge with the highest quality. Atomic structure of the obtained tetra-Ge at 300 K is analyzed in details. Although fraction of tetragons in the tetra-Ge is very high (larger than 0.99), some defects are found in addition to the skew tetragons. Due to containing almost entirely tetragons, tetra-Ge may exhibit new behaviors unlike those of the hexa-Ge. Subsequent studies in this direction for 2D tetra-Ge. In addition, first-principles calculations under density functional theory confirm the existence of stable tetra-Ge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Nhu Ngoc
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly ThuongKiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, LinhTrung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Hang T T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly ThuongKiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, LinhTrung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Vo Van Hoang
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly ThuongKiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, LinhTrung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Tran Ngoc Thanh Thuy
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan.
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15
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Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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16
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Kapfer M, Jessen BS, Eisele ME, Fu M, Danielsen DR, Darlington TP, Moore SL, Finney NR, Marchese A, Hsieh V, Majchrzak P, Jiang Z, Biswas D, Dudin P, Avila J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Ulstrup S, Bøggild P, Schuck PJ, Basov DN, Hone J, Dean CR. Programming twist angle and strain profiles in 2D materials. Science 2023; 381:677-681. [PMID: 37561852 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Moiré superlattices in twisted two-dimensional materials have generated tremendous excitement as a platform for achieving quantum properties on demand. However, the moiré pattern is highly sensitive to the interlayer atomic registry, and current assembly techniques suffer from imprecise control of the average twist angle, spatial inhomogeneity in the local twist angle, and distortions caused by random strain. We manipulated the moiré patterns in hetero- and homobilayers through in-plane bending of monolayer ribbons, using the tip of an atomic force microscope. This technique achieves continuous variation of twist angles with improved twist-angle homogeneity and reduced random strain, resulting in moiré patterns with tunable wavelength and ultralow disorder. Our results may enable detailed studies of ultralow-disorder moiré systems and the realization of precise strain-engineered devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Kapfer
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bjarke S Jessen
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan E Eisele
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorte R Danielsen
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Denmark
- DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas P Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan R Finney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariane Marchese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie Hsieh
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paulina Majchrzak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Deepnarayan Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pavel Dudin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - José Avila
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Søren Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Denmark
- DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - P J Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitri N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Hsieh YC, Lin ZY, Fung SJ, Lu WS, Ho SC, Hong SP, Ho SZ, Huang CH, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Chan YH, Chen YC, Wu CL, Chen TM. Engineering the Strain and Interlayer Excitons of 2D Materials via Lithographically Engraved Hexagonal Boron Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7244-7251. [PMID: 37348137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering has quickly emerged as a viable option to modify the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of 2D materials. However, it remains challenging to arbitrarily control the strain. Here we show that, by creating atomically flat surface nanostructures in hexagonal boron nitride, we achieve an arbitrary on-chip control of both the strain distribution and magnitude on high-quality molybdenum disulfide. The phonon and exciton emissions are shown to vary in accordance with our strain field designs, enabling us to write and draw any photoluminescence color image in a single chip. Moreover, our strain engineering offers a powerful means to significantly and controllably alter the strengths and energies of interlayer excitons at room temperature. This method can be easily extended to other material systems and offers promise for functional excitonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiang Hsieh
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-You Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ji Fung
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Lu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chin Ho
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Ping Hong
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Zhu Ho
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hua Huang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yang-Hao Chan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Wu
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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18
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Hu B, Wang L, Zeng J, Ge Y, Pan S, Shao Y, Lu H. Straightforward Strategy Toward In Situ Water-Phase Exfoliation and Improved Interfacial Adhesion to Fabricate High-Performance Polypropylene/Graphene Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37903-37915. [PMID: 37493641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a potential candidate for achieving high-performance and multifunctional polypropylene (PP) composites. However, the complex manufacturing process and low dispersibility of graphene, as well as poor interfacial adhesion between graphene and polypropylene chains, stifle progress on large-scale production and applications of graphene/polypropylene composites. Here, we develop a strategy of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) latex-assisted graphene exfoliation and melt blending to address the key challenges facing in industrial production. The surface property of the graphitic precursor is well-designed to achieve a high graphene exfoliation yield of ∼100% and induce abundant hydrogen bonding between the obtained mild-oxidized graphene (MOG) sheets and MAPP chains. Therefore, the MAPP-modified MOG can homogeneously disperse in the PP matrix and exhibits an excellent interfacial compatibility with the polymer. The addition of 5 wt % MOG results in simultaneous increase in the initial decomposition temperature, crystallization temperature, tensile strength, and Young's modulus by 43.2, 11.4 °C, 21.5, and 50.7%, respectively, and the electrical conductivity increases to 0.02 S·m-1. This work illustrates a practical solution to low-cost, eco-friendly, and feasible industrial production of graphene/PP composites through synchronous exfoliation and interfacial modification of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lequan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaxi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuanhang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shaoxue Pan
- Engineering Research Institute, China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Corp., Ltd., 1568 Century Avenue, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Yizhen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composites, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
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19
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Mortezaei Nobahari M. Electro-optical properties of strained monolayer boron phosphide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9849. [PMID: 37330598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we use tight-binding approximation and linear response theory to study the electronic and optical properties of strained monolayer boron-phosphide (h-BP). Compared with the previous DFT study and adding on-site energy variation to the Hamiltonian, we propose a theoretical approach to investigate the strain effects on the electronic and optical properties of the h-BP. Applying tensile strain increases the gap while compressive strain reduces it as the maximum and minimum of the gap are 1.45 eV and 1.14 eV respectively and are related to the biaxial strain. Also, we investigate the optical conductivity and electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) of the pristine and strained h-BP. The absorption peak of the [Formula: see text] appears in energy about 4 eV but applying strain shifts the peak's energy. Optical properties of pristine h-BP are isotopic and biaxial strain preserves this isotropy, but uniaxial strain exerts anisotropic behavior in the system.
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20
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Yeamsuksawat T, Zhu L, Kasuga T, Nogi M, Koga H. CO 2-laser-induced carbonization of calcium chloride-treated chitin nanopaper for applications in solar thermal heating. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17556-17564. [PMID: 37312995 PMCID: PMC10258603 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03373b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the development of carbonized chitin nanofiber materials for various functional applications, including solar thermal heating, owing to their N- and O-doped carbon structures and sustainable nature. Carbonization is a fascinating process for the functionalization of chitin nanofiber materials. However, conventional carbonization techniques require harmful reagents, high-temperature treatment, and time-consuming processes. Although CO2 laser irradiation has progressed as a facile and second-scale high-speed carbonization process, CO2-laser-carbonized chitin nanofiber materials and their applications have not yet been explored. Herein, we demonstrate the CO2-laser-induced carbonization of chitin nanofiber paper (denoted as chitin nanopaper) and investigate the solar thermal heating performance of the CO2-laser-carbonized chitin nanopaper. While the original chitin nanopaper was inevitably burned out by CO2 laser irradiation, CO2-laser-induced carbonization of the chitin nanopaper was achieved by pretreatment with calcium chloride as a combustion inhibitor. The CO2-laser-carbonized chitin nanopaper exhibits excellent solar thermal heating performance; its equilibrium surface temperature under 1 sun irradiation is 77.7 °C, which is higher than those of the commercial nanocarbon films and the conventionally carbonized bionanofiber papers. This study paves the way for the high-speed fabrication of carbonized chitin nanofiber materials and their application in solar thermal heating toward the effective utilization of solar energy as heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakorn Yeamsuksawat
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
| | - Luting Zhu
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
| | - Takaaki Kasuga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
| | - Masaya Nogi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan +81-6-6879-8444 +81-6-6879-8442
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21
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Generating nano-incised graphene kirigami membrane via selective tearing. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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22
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Hu L, Deng J, Xie Y, Qian F, Dong Y, Xu C. In Situ Growth of Graphene on Polyimide for High-Responsivity Flexible PbS-Graphene Photodetectors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1339. [PMID: 37110924 PMCID: PMC10147023 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an ideal material for flexible optoelectronic devices due to its excellent electrical and optical properties. However, the extremely high growth temperature of graphene has greatly limited the direct fabrication of graphene-based devices on flexible substrates. Here, we have realized in situ growth of graphene on a flexible polyimide substrate. Based on the multi-temperature-zone chemical vapor deposition cooperated with bonding a Cu-foil catalyst onto the substrate, the growth temperature of graphene was controlled at only 300 °C, enabling the structural stability of polyimide during growth. Thus, large-area high-quality monolayer graphene film was successfully in situ grown on polyimide. Furthermore, a PbS-graphene flexible photodetector was fabricated using the graphene. The responsivity of the device reached 105 A/W with 792 nm laser illumination. The in-situ growth ensures good contact between graphene and substrate; therefore, the device performance can remain stable after multiple bending. Our results provide a highly reliable and mass-producible path for graphene-based flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fengsong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
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23
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Xiao B, Yin M, Li W, Liang L, Dai S, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu Z. Significant Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Suspended Graphene Film by Stacking Multilayer CVD Graphene Films. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:745. [PMID: 37420978 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Suspended graphene film is of great significance for building high-performance electrical devices. However, fabricating large-area suspended graphene film with good mechanical properties is still a challenge, especially for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene films. In this work, the mechanical properties of suspended CVD-grown graphene film are investigated systematically for the first time. It is found that monolayer graphene film is hard to maintain on circular holes with a diameter of tens of micrometers, which can be improved greatly by increasing the layer of graphene films. The mechanical properties of CVD-grown multilayer graphene films suspended on a circular hole with a diameter of 70 µm can be increased by 20%, and multilayer graphene films prepared by layer-layer stacking process can be increased by up to 400% for the same size. The corresponding mechanism was also discussed in detail, which might pave the way for building high-performance electrical devices based on high-strength suspended graphene film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xiao
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mengqing Yin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wanfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shixun Dai
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- CRRC Industrial Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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24
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Juo JY, Shin BG, Stiepany W, Memmler M, Kern K, Jung SJ. In-situ atomic level observation of the strain response of graphene lattice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2451. [PMID: 36774393 PMCID: PMC9922254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain is inevitable in two-dimensional (2D) materials, regardless of whether the film is suspended or supported. However, the direct measurement of strain response at the atomic scale is challenging due to the difficulties of maintaining both flexibility and mechanical stability at low temperature under UHV conditions. In this work, we have implemented a compact nanoindentation system with a size of [Formula: see text] 160 mm[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 5.2 mm in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) sample holder, which enables the reversible control of strain and gate electric field. A combination of gearbox and piezoelectric actuator allowed us to modulate the depth of the indentation continuously with nanometer precision. The 2D materials were transferred onto the polyimide film. Pd clamp was used to enhance the strain transfer from the polyimide from to the 2D layers. Using this unique technique, strain response of graphene lattice were observed at atomic precision. In the relaxed graphene, strain is induced mainly by local curvature. However, in the strained graphene with tented structure, the lattice parameters become more sensitive to the indentor height change and stretching strain is increased additionally. Moreover, the gate controllability is confirmed by measuring the dependence of the STM tip height on gate voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jz-Yuan Juo
- grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bong Gyu Shin
- grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Wolfgang Stiepany
- grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marko Memmler
- grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany ,grid.5333.60000000121839049Institut de Physique, École Poly-technique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Soon Jung Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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25
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Idisi DO, Benecha EM. Crystallite Size Dependent Superparamagnetic Properties of Gold Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: An Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Mahalingam S, Omar A, Manap A, Rahim NA. Synthesis and applications of carbon-polymer composites and nanocomposite functional materials. FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FROM CARBON, INORGANIC, AND ORGANIC SOURCES 2023:71-105. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85788-8.00020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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27
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Lei Y, Zhang T, Lin YC, Granzier-Nakajima T, Bepete G, Kowalczyk DA, Lin Z, Zhou D, Schranghamer TF, Dodda A, Sebastian A, Chen Y, Liu Y, Pourtois G, Kempa TJ, Schuler B, Edmonds MT, Quek SY, Wurstbauer U, Wu SM, Glavin NR, Das S, Dash SP, Redwing JM, Robinson JA, Terrones M. Graphene and Beyond: Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials Synthesis, Properties, and Devices. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:450-485. [PMID: 36573124 PMCID: PMC9782807 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials research has rapidly evolved into an entire subdiscipline in the physical sciences with a wide range of emergent applications. The unique 2D structure offers an open canvas to tailor and functionalize 2D materials through layer number, defects, morphology, moiré pattern, strain, and other control knobs. Through this review, we aim to highlight the most recent discoveries in the following topics: theory-guided synthesis for enhanced control of 2D morphologies, quality, yield, as well as insights toward novel 2D materials; defect engineering to control and understand the role of various defects, including in situ and ex situ methods; and properties and applications that are related to moiré engineering, strain engineering, and artificial intelligence. Finally, we also provide our perspective on the challenges and opportunities in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department
of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Institute
of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen
International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Material Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yu-Chuan Lin
- Center
for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Material Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tomotaroh Granzier-Nakajima
- Department
of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - George Bepete
- Department
of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dorota A. Kowalczyk
- Department
of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 149/153, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Zhong Lin
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Da Zhou
- Department
of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas F. Schranghamer
- Department
of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Akhil Dodda
- Department
of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Amritanand Sebastian
- Department
of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Texas
Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | - Thomas J. Kempa
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Bruno Schuler
- nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, Empa − Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Mark T. Edmonds
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Ursula Wurstbauer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stephen M. Wu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Glavin
- Air
Force
Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Center
for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Material Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Saroj Prasad Dash
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers
University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Joan M. Redwing
- Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Material Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joshua A. Robinson
- Center
for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Material Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department
of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for Atomically Thin Multifunctional Coatings, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Center
for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Material Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials and Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan,
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28
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Zhu G, Liang P, Huang CL, Huang CC, Li YY, Wu SC, Li J, Wang F, Tian X, Huang WH, Jiang SK, Hung WH, Chen H, Lin MC, Hwang BJ, Dai H. High-Capacity Rechargeable Li/Cl 2 Batteries with Graphite Positive Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22505-22513. [PMID: 36450002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Developing new types of high-capacity and high-energy density rechargeable batteries is important to future generations of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and mass energy storage applications. Recently, we reported ∼3.5 V sodium/chlorine (Na/Cl2) and lithium/chlorine (Li/Cl2) batteries with up to 1200 mAh g-1 reversible capacity, using either a Na or a Li metal as the negative electrode, an amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) as the positive electrode, and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) dissolved in thionyl chloride (SOCl2) with fluoride-based additives as the electrolyte [Zhu et al., Nature, 2021, 596 (7873), 525-530]. The high surface area and large pore volume of aCNS in the positive electrode facilitated NaCl or LiCl deposition and trapping of Cl2 for reversible NaCl/Cl2 or LiCl/Cl2 redox reactions and battery discharge/charge cycling. Here, we report an initially low surface area/porosity graphite (DGr) material as the positive electrode in a Li/Cl2 battery, attaining high battery performance after activation in carbon dioxide (CO2) at 1000 °C (DGr_ac) with the first discharge capacity ∼1910 mAh g-1 and a cycling capacity up to 1200 mAh g-1. Ex situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the evolution of graphite over battery cycling, including intercalation/deintercalation and exfoliation that generated sufficient pores for hosting LiCl/Cl2 redox. This work opens up widely available, low-cost graphitic materials for high-capacity alkali metal/Cl2 batteries. Lastly, we employed mass spectrometry to probe the Cl2 trapped in the graphitic positive electrode, shedding light into the Li/Cl2 battery operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi62102, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi62102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi62102, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi62102, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan.,National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu30076, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Kai Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hung
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City32001, Taiwan
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266590, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Chang Lin
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266590, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Joe Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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29
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Liang P, Sun H, Huang CL, Zhu G, Tai HC, Li J, Wang F, Wang Y, Huang CJ, Jiang SK, Lin MC, Li YY, Hwang BJ, Wang CA, Dai H. A Nonflammable High-Voltage 4.7 V Anode-Free Lithium Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207361. [PMID: 36193778 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free lithium-metal batteries employ in situ lithium-plated current collectors as negative electrodes to afford optimal mass and volumetric energy densities. The main challenges to such batteries include their poor cycling stability and the safety issues of the flammable organic electrolytes. Here, a high-voltage 4.7 V anode-free lithium-metal battery is reported, which uses a Cu foil coated with a layer (≈950 nm) of silicon-polyacrylonitrile (Si-PAN, 25.5 µg cm-2 ) as the negative electrode, a high-voltage cobalt-free LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 (LNMO) as the positive electrode and a safe, nonflammable ionic liquid electrolyte composed of 4.5 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt in N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidiniumbis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Py13 FSI) with 1 wt% lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as additive. The Si-PAN coating is found to seed the growth of lithium during charging, and reversibly expand/shrink during lithium plating/stripping over battery cycling. The wide-voltage-window electrolyte containing a high concentration of FSI- and TFSI- facilitates the formation of stable solid-electrolyte interphase, affording a 4.7 V anode-free Cu@Si-PAN/LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 battery with a reversible specific capacity of ≈120 mAh g-1 and high cycling stability (80% capacity retention after 120 cycles). These results represent the first anode-free Li battery with a high 4.7 V discharge voltage and high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Guanzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hung-Chun Tai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chen-Jui Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Kai Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Joe Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chang-An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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30
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Topological lattices realized in superconducting circuit optomechanics. Nature 2022; 612:666-672. [PMID: 36543952 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanics enables the control of mechanical motion through the radiation-pressure interaction1, and has contributed to the quantum control of engineered mechanical systems ranging from kilogramme-scale Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) mirrors to nanomechanical systems, enabling ground-state preparation2,3, entanglement4,5, squeezing of mechanical objects6, position measurements at the standard quantum limit7 and quantum transduction8. Yet nearly all previous schemes have used single- or few-mode optomechanical systems. By contrast, new dynamics and applications are expected when using optomechanical lattices9, which enable the synthesis of non-trivial band structures, and these lattices have been actively studied in the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics10. Superconducting microwave optomechanical circuits2 are a promising platform to implement such lattices, but have been compounded by strict scaling limitations. Here we overcome this challenge and demonstrate topological microwave modes in one-dimensional circuit optomechanical chains realizing the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model11,12. Furthermore, we realize the strained graphene model13,14 in a two-dimensional optomechanical honeycomb lattice. Exploiting the embedded optomechanical interaction, we show that it is possible to directly measure the mode functions of the hybridized modes without using any local probe15,16. This enables us to reconstruct the full underlying lattice Hamiltonian and directly measure the existing residual disorder. Such optomechanical lattices, accompanied by the measurement techniques introduced, offer an avenue to explore collective17,18, quantum many-body19 and quench20 dynamics, topological properties9,21 and, more broadly, emergent nonlinear dynamics in complex optomechanical systems with a large number of degrees of freedom22-24.
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31
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Chu F, Zhou W, Zhou R, Li S, Liu D, Zheng Z, Li J, Zhang Y. Strain-Tunable Electronic and Transport Properties of One-Dimensional Fibrous Phosphorus Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10778-10785. [PMID: 36374552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The one-dimensional van der Waals (1D vdW) material fibrous red phosphorus (FRP) nanotubes are a promising direct-bandgap semiconductor with high carrier mobility and anisotropic optical responses because of low deformation potential and dangling-bond-free anisotropic interface. Employing first-principles calculations, we captured the potential of 1D FRP nanotubes. The thermal stability of 1D FRP nanotubes was confirmed by phonon calculation. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy indicated the strong vibration mode (366 cm-1) is along the phosphorus nanotube. Interestingly, spatial anisotropy bandgaps were found along with various stacking orientations. The charge transport calculations showed that the 1D FRP nanotube has a high hole mobility (499.2 cm2 V-1 s-1), considering the weak acoustic phonon scattering. More importantly, we found that the hole mobility changes dramatically (down to 7.1 cm2 V-1 s-1) under the strain, and the strain-dependent charge transport property of 1D FRP nanotubes could be considered to have many potential applications for electronics, optoelectronics, and switching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Wencai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Rongkun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Danmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Zilong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
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32
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Zhang Y, Jin Y, Liu J, Ren Q, Chen Z, Zhao Y, Zhao P. Strain engineering of graphene on rigid substrates. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5056-5061. [PMID: 36504754 PMCID: PMC9680924 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene with a large tensile strain is a promising candidate for the new "straintronics'' applications. The current approaches of strain engineering on graphene are mainly realized by flexible or hollow substrates. In this work, a novel method for strained graphene on a rigid substrate assisted by PDMS stretching and interface adjustments is proposed. The Raman spectra show that the maximum strain of graphene on the SiO2/Si substrate is ∼1.5%, and multiple characterizations demonstrate its high cleanness, flatness, integrity, and reliable electrical performance. The successful strain engineering is attributed to the protection of a layer of formvar resin and the interfacial capillary force of the buffering liquid. We believe this technique can advance strain-related fundamental studies and applications of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Yanhan Jin
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Jinglan Liu
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Ren
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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33
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Gate-tunable Veselago interference in a bipolar graphene microcavity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6711. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe relativistic charge carriers in monolayer graphene can be manipulated in manners akin to conventional optics. Klein tunneling and Veselago lensing have been previously demonstrated in ballistic graphene pn-junction devices, but collimation and focusing efficiency remains relatively low, preventing realization of advanced quantum devices and controlled quantum interference. Here, we present a graphene microcavity defined by carefully-engineered local strain and electrostatic fields. Electrons are manipulated to form an interference path inside the cavity at zero magnetic field via consecutive Veselago refractions. The observation of unique Veselago interference peaks via transport measurement and their magnetic field dependence agrees with the theoretical expectation. We further utilize Veselago interference to demonstrate localization of uncollimated electrons and thus improvement in collimation efficiency. Our work sheds new light on relativistic single-particle physics and provide a new device concept toward next-generation quantum devices based on manipulation of ballistic electron trajectory.
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34
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Li S, Yu C, Wang Y, Zhang K, Jiang K, Wang Y, Zhang J. Tafel-Kinetics-Controlled High-Speed Switching in a Electrochemical Graphene Field-Effect Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47991-47998. [PMID: 36219135 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to the single-atomic-layer thickness and high electron mobility for potential applications in next-generation electronics. With regards to switching methodology, the electric-field-induced metal-insulator transition offers a new strategy to produce a large on/off current ratio through reversible electrochemical hydrogenation of the graphene channels. Therefore, the performance of such electrochemical graphene FETs greatly relies on the kinetics of hydrogenation reaction. Here, we show that the switching time can be systemically controlled by the applied gate voltages and geometries of graphene channels. The turn-on and turn-off time display an exponential dependence on the gate voltages, manifesting the dominated Tafel-form kinetics of hydrogenation reaction in a two-dimensional limit. Moreover, the turn-off time is inversely proportional to the channel width but independent of the length, while the turn-on time relies on both the width and length, as well as the off-state gate voltage and duration. Our work improves the response time to the magnitude of tens of microseconds and advances the application of graphene-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenglin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088, China
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35
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Lv J, Jia H, Chen G, Wang Y, Liu M, Ning Y, Wang Y, Yuan L, Lu M, Zhang J. Pressure-Engineered Ti 3C 2T x MXene with Enhanced Conductivity and Accelerated Reaction Kinetics of Lithium Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46056-46067. [PMID: 36170614 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structure-function relationship of compressed Ti3C2Tx MXene using high-pressure in situ synchrotron radiation, impedance spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements, and first-principles calculations. With increasing pressure, the conductivity of Ti3C2Tx MXene increases along with its continued lattice shrinkage. A pressure range of 0.4-2.2 GPa exhibits a sharp decrease in resistance, which decreases by more than one order of magnitude from 3.3 × 104 to 1.4 × 103 Ω. A pressure range of 2.2-6.6 GPa exhibits a steady resistance with a slight decrease of 0.2%. As the pressure drops to atmospheric conditions, the resistance increases slightly to 4.2 × 103 Ω. This is accompanied by a transformation of the semiconductor into metal. An irreversible increase in conductivity is observed owing to an increase in the electron concentration and a decrease in the grain-boundary potential barrier. Furthermore, abundant Ti3C2Tx undergoing prepressure treatments (0.4, 2.0, and 4.0 GPa) was first prepared using a double-anvil hydraulic press. The recycled samples retain an accordion-like layered structure with slight lattice shrinkage while the voids between the sheets contract considerably, increasing the density. Correspondingly, electrochemical results show a pressure threshold of 2.0 GPa based on the rapid quenching from the hydraulic press. This weakens the electric polarization in redox reactions and increases the ionic transport rate for the formation of a Ti3C2Tx anode owing to pressure improving the conductivity and interlaminar densification. Our study shows a new, simple, and universal way to regulate various MXenes and also promotes the application of MXene-based materials in energy storage and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
- United Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Hongsheng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
- The Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials, Jilin Normal University & Jilin 11 Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
- The Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials, Jilin Normal University & Jilin 11 Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yunyu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
- The Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials, Jilin Normal University & Jilin 11 Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China
| | - Junkai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
- United Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Earthquake Science, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China
- The Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials, Jilin Normal University & Jilin 11 Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China
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36
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Georgoulea NC, Power SR, Caffrey NM. Strain-induced stacking transition in bilayer graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:475302. [PMID: 36174544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac965d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strain, both naturally occurring and deliberately engineered, can have a considerable effect on the structural and electronic properties of 2D and layered materials. Uniaxial or biaxial heterostrain modifies the stacking arrangement of bilayer graphene (BLG) which subsequently influences the electronic structure of the bilayer. Here, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the interplay between an external applied heterostrain and the resulting stacking in BLG. We determine how a strain applied to one layer is transferred to a second, 'free' layer and at what critical strain the ground-state AB-stacking is disrupted. To overcome limitations introduced by periodic boundary conditions, we consider an approximate system consisting of an infinite graphene sheet and an armchair graphene nanoribbon. We find that above a critical strain of∼1%, it is energetically favourable for the free layer to be unstrained, indicating a transition between uniform AB-stacking and non-uniform mixed stacking. This is in agreement with a simple model estimate based on the individual energy contributions of strain and stacking effects. Our findings suggest that small levels of strain provide a platform to reversibly engineer stacking order and Moiré features in bilayers, providing a viable alternative to twistronics to engineer topological and exotic physical phenomena in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Georgoulea
- School of Physics, AMBER & CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen R Power
- School of Physics, AMBER & CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nuala M Caffrey
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Quantum Engineering, Science, and Technology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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37
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Barua M, Ayyub MM, Acharya S, Rao CNR. Functionalization of antimonene and bismuthene with Lewis acids. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13834-13843. [PMID: 36107144 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elemental 2D pnictogens (group 15) are an interesting class of materials with tunable band structures and high carrier mobilities. Heavier pnictogens (Sb and Bi) are stable under ambient conditions compared to lighter members (P and As) and are emerging as interesting candidates for various electronic and optoelectronic applications. The reactivity of these materials is due to the presence of a lone pair which can be effectively utilized to tune material properties via different functionalization strategies. In this work, we have synthesized antimonene and bismuthene nanosheets by liquid exfoliation which are emissive in the visible range and functionalized these nanosheets with group 12 and 13 Lewis acids (ZnCl2, CdCl2, BCl3, GaCl3, AlCl3, and InCl3). Interaction of these Lewis acids with the lone pairs on Sb/Bi leads to the formation of Lewis acid-base adducts with the corresponding changes in the bonding environment along with lattice distortion and rehybridization of the band structure. Interestingly, the changes in band structure upon functionalization were realized as a blue shift in the emission of few-layered Sb and Bi. This is the first report on the functionalization of heavier pnictogens by the formation of Lewis acid-base adducts and opens a path for tuning their properties for integration in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaswee Barua
- New Chemistry Unit, International Centre for Material Science and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Mohd Monis Ayyub
- New Chemistry Unit, International Centre for Material Science and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Shashidhara Acharya
- New Chemistry Unit, International Centre for Material Science and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - C N R Rao
- New Chemistry Unit, International Centre for Material Science and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
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38
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Geisenhof FR, Winterer F, Seiler AM, Lenz J, Zhang F, Weitz RT. Impact of Electric Field Disorder on Broken-Symmetry States in Ultraclean Bilayer Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7378-7385. [PMID: 36113049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer graphene (BLG) has multiple internal degrees of freedom and a constant density of states down to the charge neutrality point when trigonal warping is ignored. Consequently, it is susceptible to various competing ground states. However, a coherent experimental determination of the ground state has been challenging due to the interaction-disorder interplay. Here we present an extensive transport study in a series of dually gated freestanding BLG devices and identify the layer-antiferromagnet as the ground state with a continuous strength across all devices. This strength correlates with the width of the state in the electric field. We systematically identify electric-field disorder─spatial variations in the interlayer potential difference─as the main source responsible for the observations. Our results pinpoint for the first time the importance of electric-field disorder on spontaneous symmetry breaking in BLG and solve a long-standing debate on its ground state. The electric-field disorder should be universal to all 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Geisenhof
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Felix Winterer
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Anna M Seiler
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich 80539, Germany
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jakob Lenz
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - R Thomas Weitz
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich 80539, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Schellingstrasse 4, Munich 80799, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, Munich 80799, Germany
- 1st Physical Institute, Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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39
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Rahman S, Yildirim T, Tebyetekerwa M, Khan AR, Lu Y. Extraordinary Nonlinear Optical Interaction from Strained Nanostructures in van der Waals CuInP 2S 6. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13959-13968. [PMID: 35980379 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Local strain engineering and structural modification of 2D materials furnish benevolent control over their optoelectronic properties and provide an exciting approach to tune light-matter interaction in layered materials. Application of strain at the nanoscale is typically obtained through permanently deformed nanostructures such as nanowrinkles, which yield large band gap modulation, photoluminescence enhancement, and surface potential. Ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been greatly analyzed for such purposes. Herein, we extend strain-induced nanoengineering to an emerging 2D material, CuInP2S6 (CIPS), and visualize extraordinary control over nonlinear light-matter interaction. Wrinkle nanostructures exhibit ∼160-fold enhancement in second harmonic generation (SHG) compared to unstrained regions, which is additionally influenced by a change in the dielectric environment. The SHG enhancement was significantly modulated by the percentage of applied strain which was numerically estimated. Furthermore, polarization-dependent SHG revealed quenching and enhancement in the parallel and perpendicular directions, respectively, due to the direction of the compressive vector. Our work provides an important advancement in controlling optoelectronic properties beyond TMDs for imminent applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharidya Rahman
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Tanju Yildirim
- Center for Functional Sensor and Actuator, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mike Tebyetekerwa
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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40
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Mezzacappa M, Alameri D, Thomas B, Kim Y, Lei CH, Kuljanishvili I. In Situ Measurements of Strain Evolution in Graphene/Boron Nitride Heterostructures Using a Non-Destructive Raman Spectroscopy Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3060. [PMID: 36080097 PMCID: PMC9458030 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of engineered van der Waals (vdW) 2D materials and heterostructures are critically important for their implementation into practical applications. Using a non-destructive Raman spectroscopy approach, this study investigates the strain evolution of single-layer graphene (SLGr) and few-layered boron nitride/graphene (FLBN/SLGr) heterostructures. The prepared 2D materials are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and then transferred onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates for subsequent strain measurements. For this study, a custom-built mechanical device-jig is designed and manufactured in-house to be used as an insert for the 3D piezoelectric stage of the Raman system. In situ investigation of the effects of applied strain in graphene detectable via Raman spectral data in characteristic bonds within SLGr and FLBN/SLGr heterostructures is carried out. The in situ strain evolution of the FLBN/SLGr heterostructures is obtained in the range of (0-0.5%) strain. It is found that, under the same strain, SLG exhibits a higher Raman shift in the 2D band as compared with FLBN/SLGr heterostructures. This research leads to a better understanding of strain dissipation in vertical 2D heterostacks, which could help improve the design and engineering of custom interfaces and, subsequently, control lattice structure and electronic properties. Moreover, this study can provide a new systematic approach for precise in situ strain assessment and measurements of other CVD-grown 2D materials and their heterostructures on a large scale for manufacturing a variety of future micro- and nano-scale devices on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mezzacappa
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Physics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Dheyaa Alameri
- Department of Physics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq
| | - Brian Thomas
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Physics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Yoosuk Kim
- Department of Physics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chi-Hou Lei
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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41
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Gao D, Zheng L, Hu L, Li Y, Liu H, Xue Y, Liu F, Zhang J, Tang C. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Fe3C Nanowires for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Bhatt MD, Kim H, Kim G. Various defects in graphene: a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21520-21547. [PMID: 35975063 PMCID: PMC9347212 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pristine graphene has been considered one of the most promising materials because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, various defects in graphene produced during synthesis or fabrication hinder its performance for applications such as electronic devices, transparent electrodes, and spintronic devices. Due to its intrinsic bandgap and nonmagnetic nature, it cannot be used in nanoelectronics or spintronics. Intrinsic and extrinsic defects are ultimately introduced to tailor electronic and magnetic properties and take advantage of their hidden potential. This article emphasizes the current advancement of intrinsic and extrinsic defects in graphene for potential applications. We also discuss the limitations and outlook for such defects in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heeju Kim
- Hybrid Materials Center, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
| | - Gunn Kim
- Hybrid Materials Center, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
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43
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Pandey PS, Raghuwanshi SK, Shadab A, Ansari MTI, Tiwari UK, Kumar S. SPR Based Biosensing Chip for COVID-19 Diagnosis-A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2022; 22:13800-13810. [PMID: 36346093 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3133007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) techniques are highly accurate in detecting biomolecular like blood group measurement, food adulteration, milk adulteration and recently developing as a rapid detection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. In order to validate the clinical diagnosis, Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs has been utilized, which is time consuming and expensive. For fast and accurate detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, SPR based biosensing chips are described in this review article. SPR sensors have the potential to be employed for fast, accurate, and portable SARS-CoV-2 virus diagnosis. To combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there is considerable interest in creating innovative biosensors that are quick, reliable, and sensitive for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnendu Shekhar Pandey
- Optical Fiber Sensor LaboratoryDepartment of Electronics EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi
- Department of Electronics EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Azhar Shadab
- Optical Fiber Sensor LaboratoryDepartment of Electronics EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Md Tauseef Iqbal Ansari
- Optical Fiber Sensor LaboratoryDepartment of Electronics EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Umesh Kumar Tiwari
- Advanced Materials and Sensors DivisionCentral Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO) Chandigarh 160030 India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information TechnologyLiaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
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Won K, Lee C, Jung J, Kwon S, Gebredingle Y, Lim JG, Kim MK, Jeong MS, Lee C. Raman Scattering Measurement of Suspended Graphene under Extreme Strain Induced by Nanoindentation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200946. [PMID: 35635443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is known as a superstiff and extremely strong material. Hence, applying strains greater than 1% to graphene and simultaneously measuring changes in its physical properties has been challenging because of the limited methodologies for measuring both high strain and other physical properties. Here, Raman scattering measurement of suspended graphene under extremely high biaxial strain as large as 6.1% using an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-Raman spectroscopy measurement tool is reported. Nanoindentation is performed using AFM tips machined to have a flat top and a hole shape, resulting in a strained graphene area sufficiently large to enable the acquisition of a Raman signal. At the same time, the laser light is focused on the strained flat area of the graphene membrane. The Raman signals of the G and 2D bands of graphene are redshifted by 282 and 684 cm-1 , respectively, which is unprecedented for graphene. This measurement technique provides an effective methodology to measure variations in the physical properties of atomically thin materials under superhigh strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyeon Won
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Kwon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yisehak Gebredingle
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Gyun Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Ki Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Changgu Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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45
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A Novel Crossbeam Structure with Graphene Sensing Element for N/MEMS Mechanical Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122101. [PMID: 35745440 PMCID: PMC9227024 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A graphene membrane acts as a highly sensitive element in a nano/micro–electro–mechanical system (N/MEMS) due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Here, a novel crossbeam structure with a graphene varistor protected by Si3N4 is presented for N/MEMS mechanical sensors. It substantially overcomes the poor reliability of previous sensors with suspended graphene and exhibits excellent mechanoelectrical coupling performance, as graphene is placed on the root of the crossbeam. By performing basic mechanical electrical measurements, a preferable gauge factor of ~1.35 is obtained. The sensitivity of the graphene pressure sensor based on the crossbeam structure chip is 33.13 mV/V/MPa in a wide range of 0~20 MPa. Other static specifications, including hysteresis error, nonlinear error, and repeatability error, are 2.0119%, 3.3622%, and 4.0271%, respectively. We conclude that a crossbeam structure with a graphene sensing element can be an application for the N/MEMS mechanical sensor.
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46
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Cobalt Phosphotungstate-Based Composites as Bifunctional
Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key reactions in energy-converting systems, such as fuel cells (FCs) and water-splitting (WS) devices. However, the current use of expensive Pt-based electrocatalysts for ORR and IrO2 and RuO2 for OER is still a major drawback for the economic viability of these clean energy technologies. Thus, there is an incessant search for low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts (ECs). Hence, herein, we report the preparation, characterization (Raman, XPS, and SEM), and application of four composites based on doped-carbon materials (CM) and cobalt phosphotungstate (MWCNT_N8_Co4, GF_N8_Co4, GF_ND8_Co4, and GF_NS8_Co4) as ORR and OER electrocatalysts in alkaline medium (pH = 13). Structural characterization confirmed the successful carbon materials doping with N and/or N, S, and the incorporation of the cobalt phosphotungstate. Overall, all composites showed good ORR performance with onset potentials ranging from 0.83 to 0.85 V vs. RHE, excellent tolerance to methanol crossover with current retentions between 88 and 90%, and good stability after 20,000 s at E = 0.55 V vs. RHE (73% to 82% of initial current). In addition, the number of electrons transferred per O2 molecule was close to four, suggesting selectivity to the direct process. Moreover, these composites also presented excellent OER performance with GF_N8_Co4 showing an overpotential of 0.34 V vs. RHE (for j = 10 mA cm−2) and jmax close to 70 mA cm−2. More importantly, this electrocatalyst outperformed state-of-the-art IrO2 electrocatalyst. Thus, this work represents a step forward toward bifunctional electrocatalysts using less expensive materials.
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47
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Flores E, Mella JD, Aparicio E, Gonzalez RI, Parra C, Bringa EM, Munoz F. Inducing a topological transition in graphene nanoribbon superlattices by external strain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7134-7143. [PMID: 35262146 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Armchair graphene nanoribbons, when forming a superlattice, can be classified into different topological phases, with or without edge states. By means of tight-binding and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we studied the electronic and mechanical properties of some of these superlattices. MD shows that fracture in modulated superlattices is brittle, as for unmodulated ribbons, and occurs at the thinner regions, with staggered superlattices achieving a larger fracture strain than inline superlattices. We found a general mechanism to induce a topological transition with strain, related to the electronic properties of each segment of the superlattice, and by studying the sublattice polarization we were able to characterize the transition and the response of these states to the strain. For the cases studied in detail here, the topological transition occurred at ∼3-5% strain, well below the fracture strain. The topological states of the superlattice - if present - are robust to strain even close to fracture. The topological transition was characterized by means of the sublattice polarization of the states.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Flores
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José D Mella
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Aparicio
- CONICET and Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - R I Gonzalez
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Parra
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - E M Bringa
- CONICET and Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina.,Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - F Munoz
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Kim MA, Sorescu DC, Amemiya S, Jordan KD, Liu H. Real-Time Modulation of Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Graphene Electrodes Using Mechanical Strain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10691-10700. [PMID: 35170299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the effect of mechanically applied elastic strain on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of graphene under acidic conditions. An applied tensile strain of 0.2% on a graphene electrode is shown to lead to a 1-3% increase in the HER current. The tensile strain increases HER activity, whereas compressive strain decreases it. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using a periodic graphene slab model predict an increase in the adsorption energy of the H atom with growing tensile strain, consistent with an enhancement of the current density in HER, similar to that observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min A Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dan C Sorescu
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Han Y, Gao L, Zhou J, Hou Y, Jia Y, Cao K, Duan K, Lu Y. Deep Elastic Strain Engineering of 2D Materials and Their Twisted Bilayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8655-8663. [PMID: 35147415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, tuning materials' properties can be done through strategies such as alloying, doping, defect engineering, and phase engineering, while in fact mechanical straining can be another effective approach. In particular, elastic strain engineering (ESE), unlike conventional strain engineering mainly based on epitaxial growth, allows for continuous and reversible modulation of material properties by mechanical loading/unloading. The exceptional intrinsic mechanical properties (including elasticity and strength) of two-dimensional (2D) materials make them naturally attractive candidates for potential ESE applications. Here, we demonstrated that using the strain effect to modulate the physical and chemical properties toward novel functional device applications, which could be a general strategy for various 2D materials and their heterostructures. We then show how ultralarge, uniform elastic strain in free-standing 2D monolayers can permit deep elastic strain engineering (DESE), which can result in fundamentally changed electronic and optoelectronic properties for unconventional device applications. In addition to monolayers and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, we propose that DESE can be also applied to twisted bilayer graphene and other emerging twisted vdW structures, allowing for unprecedented functional 2D material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jingzhuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanwen Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ke Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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50
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Vasileva F, Popov V, Antonova I, Smagulova S. Screen-Printed Structures from a Highly Conductive Mildly Oxidized Graphene Suspension for Flexible Electronics. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031256. [PMID: 35161199 PMCID: PMC8840518 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the screen-printed flexible humidity sensor and supercapacitor structures from a suspension of mildly oxidized graphene (MOG) was obtained. MOG suspension with a low atomic oxygen content (~20%) was synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate. MOG films (average thickness 5 μm) with a surface resistance of 102–103 kΩ/sq were obtained by screen printing on a flexible substrate. The thermal reduction of MOG films at 200 °C reduced the surface resistance to 1.5 kΩ/sq. The laser reduction with a 474 nm and 200 mW solid-state laser reduced the surface resistance to ~0.065 kΩ/sq. Various structures were screen-printed on a flexible substrate for a variety of flexible electronics applications. The structures representing a flat supercapacitor had an average specific capacitance of ~6 μF/cm2. The tensile deformations occurring during bending reduced the capacitance by 40% at a bending radius of 2 mm. Humidity sensing structures with sensitivity of 9% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedora Vasileva
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliy Popov
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Irina Antonova
- Laboratory of Physics and Technology of Three-Dimensional Nanostructures, Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Smagulova
- “Graphene Nanotechnology” Laboratory, Physical-Technical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (F.V.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
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