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Ramage KS, Lock A, White JM, Ekins MG, Kiefel MJ, Avery VM, Davis RA. Semisynthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of an Ether Analogue Library Based on a Polyhalogenated Diphenyl Ether Scaffold Isolated from a Lamellodysidea Sponge. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38248658 PMCID: PMC10817568 DOI: 10.3390/md22010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The known oxygenated polyhalogenated diphenyl ether, 2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-3,5-dibromophenol (1), with previously reported activity in multiple cytotoxicity assays was isolated from the sponge Lamellodysidea sp. and proved to be an amenable scaffold for semisynthetic library generation. The phenol group of 1 was targeted to generate 12 ether analogues in low-to-excellent yields, and the new library was fully characterized by NMR, UV, and MS analyses. The chemical structures for 2, 8, and 9 were additionally determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All natural and semisynthetic compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of DU145, LNCaP, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Compound 3 was shown to have near-equivalent activity compared to scaffold 1 in two in vitro assays, and the activity of the compounds with an additional benzyl ring appeared to be reliant on the presence and position of additional halogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S. Ramage
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.S.R.); (M.G.E.)
| | - Aaron Lock
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (A.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Merrick G. Ekins
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.S.R.); (M.G.E.)
- Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Milton J. Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery Biology, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (A.L.); (V.M.A.)
| | - Rohan A. Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.S.R.); (M.G.E.)
- NatureBank, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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Saïd Hassane C, Tintillier F, Campos PE, Herbette G, de Voogd NJ, Ouazzani J, Fouillaud M, Dufossé L, Gauvin-Bialecki A. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers isolated from the marine sponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes collected in Mayotte. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37086477 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2204431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
CDK7 and FynB protein kinases have been recognized as relevant targets for cancer and brain diseases treatment due to their pivotal regulatory roles in cellular functions such as cell cycle and neural signal transduction. Several studies demonstrated that the inhibition of these proteins could be useful in altering the onset or progression of these diseases. Based on bioassay-guided approach, the extract of the marine sponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes (Thorectidae), which exhibited interesting kinase inhibitory activities, was fractionated. The investigation led to the isolation of five known 1-5 and one new 6 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Their structure elucidation was established based on spectroscopic data (NMR and HRMS) and comparison with literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charifat Saïd Hassane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Florent Tintillier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Campos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans - Pôle de chimie, Orléans, France
| | - Gaëtan Herbette
- Spectropole, FSCM CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole J de Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
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3
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Singh KS, Singh A. Chemical diversities, biological activities and chemical synthesis of marine diphenyl ether and their derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu LX, Gu RR, Jin Y, Chen XQ, Li XW, Zheng YM, Gao ZB, Guo YW. Diversity-oriented synthesis of marine polybrominated diphenyl ethers as potential KCNQ potassium channel activators. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yu YY, Li XQ, Hu WP, Cu SC, Dai JJ, Gao YN, Zhang YT, Bai XY, Shi DY. Self-developed NF-κB inhibitor 270 protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury and lung injury through improving inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112615. [PMID: 35026488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute lung injury (ALI) have high morbidity and mortality, with no effective clinically available drugs. Anti-inflammation is effective strategy in the therapy of AKI and ALI. NF-κB is a target for the development of anti‑inflammatory agents. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of 270, self-developed NF-κB inhibitor, in LPS-induced AKI and ALI. LPS-induced macrophages were used to examine the anti-inflammation activity of 270 in vitro. Sepsis-induced AKI and ALI mice models were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) for 24 h. Oral administration 270 for 14 days before LPS stimulation. Plasma, kidney and lung tissues were collected and used for histopathology, biochemical assay, ELISA, RT-PCR, and western blot analyses. In vitro, we showed that 270 suppressed the inflammation response in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and bone marrow derived macrophages. In vivo, we found that 270 ameliorated LPS-induced AKI and ALI, as evidenced by improving various pathological changes, reducing the expression of pro-inflammation genes, blocking the activation of NF-κB and JNK pathways, attenuating the elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, ameliorating the activated ER stress, reversing the inhibition effect on autophagy in kidney and lung tissues, and alleviating the enhanced plasma level of creatinine (Crea), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and pro-inflammation cytokines. Our investigations provides evidence that NF-κB inhibitor 270 is a potential drug that against LPS-induced AKI and ALI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China
| | - Xiang-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China
| | - Wen-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China
| | - Shi-Chao Cu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China
| | - Ya-Nan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China
| | - Yi-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China
| | - Xiao-Yi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China
| | - Da-Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200 China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Faisal MR, Kellermann MY, Rohde S, Putra MY, Murniasih T, Risdian C, Mohr KI, Wink J, Praditya DF, Steinmann E, Köck M, Schupp PJ. Ecological and Pharmacological Activities of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) from the Indonesian Marine Sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110611. [PMID: 34822482 PMCID: PMC8621810 DOI: 10.3390/md19110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two known Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (1d) and 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (2b), were isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea. The structure was confirmed using 13C chemical shift average deviation and was compared to the predicted structures and recorded chemical shifts in previous studies. We found a wide range of bioactivities from the organic crude extract, such as (1) a strong deterrence against the generalist pufferfish Canthigaster solandri, (2) potent inhibition against environmental and human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains, and (3) the inhibition of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The addition of a bromine atom into the A-ring of compound 2b resulted in higher fish feeding deterrence compared to compound 1d. On the contrary, compound 2b showed only more potent inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria Rhodotorula glutinis (MIC 2.1 μg/mL), while compound 1d showed more powerful inhibition against the other human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The first report of a chemical defense by compounds 1d and 2b against fish feeding and environmental relevant bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria, might be one reason for the widespread occurrence of the shallow water sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea in Indonesia and the Indo-Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad R. Faisal
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Sven Rohde
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Masteria Y. Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
| | - Tutik Murniasih
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
| | - Chandra Risdian
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Kathrin I. Mohr
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Wink
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Dimas F. Praditya
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7–9, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7–9, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Köck
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-4421-944-100
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Hanif N, Tyas TA, Hidayati L, Dinelsa FF, Provita D, Kinnary NR, Prasetiawan FM, Khalik GA, Mubarok Z, Tohir D, Setiawan A, Farid M, Kurnianda V, Murni A, de Voogd NJ, Tanaka J. Oxy-Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from the Indonesian Marine Sponge, Lamellodysidea herbacea: X-ray, SAR, and Computational Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216328. [PMID: 34770740 PMCID: PMC8588277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds, derived from marine organisms, originate from symbiosis between marine sponges and cyanobacteria or bacteria. PBDEs have broad biological spectra; therefore, we analyzed structure and activity relationships of PBDEs to determine their potential as anticancer or antibacterial lead structures, through reactions and computational studies. Six known PBDEs (1–6) were isolated from the sponge, Lamellodysdiea herbacea; 13C NMR data for compound 6 are reported for the first time and their assignments are confirmed by their theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts (RMSE < 4.0 ppm). Methylation and acetylation of 1 (2, 3, 4, 5-tetrabromo-6-(3′, 5′-dibromo-2′-hydroxyphenoxy) phenol) at the phenol functional group gave seven molecules (7–13), of which 10, 12, and 13 were new. New crystal structures for 8 and 9 are also reported. Debromination carried out on 1 produced nine compounds (1, 2, 14, 16–18, 20, 23, and 26) of which 18 was new. Debromination product 16 showed a significant IC50 8.65 ± 1.11; 8.11 ± 1.43 µM against human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Compounds 1 and 16 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae with MID 0.078 µg/disk. The number of four bromine atoms and two phenol functional groups are important for antibacterial activity (S. aureus and K. pneumoniae) and cytotoxicity (HEK293T). The result was supported by analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). We also propose possible products of acetylation and debromination using analysis of FMOs and electrostatic charges and we confirm the experimental result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novriyandi Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-(251)-862-4567
| | - Trianda Ayuning Tyas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan; (V.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Lestari Hidayati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Fabians Faisal Dinelsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Dian Provita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Nyimas Ratna Kinnary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Fauzi Muhamad Prasetiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Gibral Abdul Khalik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Zaki Mubarok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Dudi Tohir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Andi Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia;
| | - Muhamad Farid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Viqqi Kurnianda
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan; (V.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Anggia Murni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia;
| | - Nicole J. de Voogd
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan; (V.K.); (J.T.)
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40 Years of Research on Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)-A Historical Overview and Newest Data of a Promising Anticancer Drug. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040995. [PMID: 33668501 PMCID: PMC7918430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of molecules with an ambiguous background in literature. PBDEs were first isolated from marine sponges of Dysidea species in 1981 and have been under continuous research to the present day. This article summarizes the two research aspects, (i) the marine compound chemistry research dealing with naturally produced PBDEs and (ii) the environmental toxicology research dealing with synthetically-produced brominated flame-retardant PBDEs. The different bioactivity patterns are set in relation to the structural similarities and dissimilarities between both groups. In addition, this article gives a first structure-activity relationship analysis comparing both groups of PBDEs. Moreover, we provide novel data of a promising anticancer therapeutic PBDE (i.e., 4,5,6-tribromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)phenol; termed P01F08). It has been known since 1995 that P01F08 exhibits anticancer activity, but the detailed mechanism remains poorly understood. Only recently, Mayer and colleagues identified a therapeutic window for P01F08, specifically targeting primary malignant cells in a low µM range. To elucidate the mechanistic pathway of cell death induction, we verified and compared its cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction capacity in Ramos and Jurkat lymphoma cells. Moreover, using Jurkat cells overexpressing antiapoptotic Bcl-2, we were able to show that P01F08 induces apoptosis mainly through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
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Quadruple C-H activation coupled to hydrofunctionalization and C-H silylation/borylation enabled by weakly coordinated palladium catalyst. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5662. [PMID: 33168832 PMCID: PMC7652853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the well-reported 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes that is directed by classic pyridine and imine-containing directing groups, oxo-palladacycle intermediates featuring weak Pd-O coordination have been less demonstrated in C-H activated cascade transformations. Here we report a quadruple C-H activation cascade as well as hydro-functionalization, C-H silylation/borylation sequence based on weakly coordinated palladium catalyst. The hydroxyl group modulates the intrinsic direction of the Heck reaction, and then acts as an interrupter that biases the reaction away from the classic β-H elimination and toward C-H functionalization. Mechanistically, density functional theory calculation provides important insights into the key six-membered oxo-palladacycle intermediates, and indicates that the β-H elimination is unfavorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. In this article, we focus on the versatility of this approach, which is a strategic expansion of the Heck reaction. Combining the Heck reaction with other transformations provides a powerful strategy to access diverse, complex compounds. Here, the authors report a weak coordination dominated Pd(0)-catalyzed quadruple C-H activation followed by hydro-functionalization, C-H silylation, and C-H borylation.
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Dong H, Dong S, Erik Hansen P, Stagos D, Lin X, Liu M. Progress of Bromophenols in Marine Algae from 2011 to 2020: Structure, Bioactivities, and Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E411. [PMID: 32759739 PMCID: PMC7459620 DOI: 10.3390/md18080411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae contain various bromophenols that have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities, including antiradical, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory effects, and so on. Here, we briefly review the recent progress of these marine algae biomaterials and their derivatives from 2011 to 2020, with respect to structure, bioactivities, and their potential application as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.D.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Songtao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.D.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (H.D.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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11
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Podell S, Blanton JM, Oliver A, Schorn MA, Agarwal V, Biggs JS, Moore BS, Allen EE. A genomic view of trophic and metabolic diversity in clade-specific Lamellodysidea sponge microbiomes. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:97. [PMID: 32576248 PMCID: PMC7313196 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine sponges and their microbiomes contribute significantly to carbon and nutrient cycling in global reefs, processing and remineralizing dissolved and particulate organic matter. Lamellodysidea herbacea sponges obtain additional energy from abundant photosynthetic Hormoscilla cyanobacterial symbionts, which also produce polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) chemically similar to anthropogenic pollutants of environmental concern. Potential contributions of non-Hormoscilla bacteria to Lamellodysidea microbiome metabolism and the synthesis and degradation of additional secondary metabolites are currently unknown. RESULTS This study has determined relative abundance, taxonomic novelty, metabolic capacities, and secondary metabolite potential in 21 previously uncharacterized, uncultured Lamellodysidea-associated microbial populations by reconstructing near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) to complement 16S rRNA gene amplicon studies. Microbial community compositions aligned with sponge host subgroup phylogeny in 16 samples from four host clades collected from multiple sites in Guam over a 3-year period, including representatives of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Oligoflexia, and Bacteroidetes as well as Cyanobacteria (Hormoscilla). Unexpectedly, microbiomes from one host clade also included Cyanobacteria from the prolific secondary metabolite-producer genus Prochloron, a common tunicate symbiont. Two novel Alphaproteobacteria MAGs encoded pathways diagnostic for methylotrophic metabolism as well as type III secretion systems, and have been provisionally assigned to a new order, designated Candidatus Methylospongiales. MAGs from other taxonomic groups encoded light-driven energy production pathways using not only chlorophyll, but also bacteriochlorophyll and proteorhodopsin. Diverse heterotrophic capabilities favoring aerobic versus anaerobic conditions included pathways for degrading chitin, eukaryotic extracellular matrix polymers, phosphonates, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, trimethylamine, and benzoate. Genetic evidence identified an aerobic catabolic pathway for halogenated aromatics that may enable endogenous PBDEs to be used as a carbon and energy source. CONCLUSIONS The reconstruction of high-quality MAGs from all microbial taxa comprising greater than 0.1% of the sponge microbiome enabled species-specific assignment of unique metabolic features that could not have been predicted from taxonomic data alone. This information will promote more representative models of marine invertebrate microbiome contributions to host bioenergetics, the identification of potential new sponge parasites and pathogens based on conserved metabolic and physiological markers, and a better understanding of biosynthetic and degradative pathways for secondary metabolites and halogenated compounds in sponge-associated microbiota. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Podell
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Blanton
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Oliver
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Schorn
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason S Biggs
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory, UoG Station, Mangilao, GU, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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12
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Mello FV, Kasper D, Alonso MB, Torres JPM. Halogenated natural products in birds associated with the marine environment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137000. [PMID: 32062248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are widespread compounds found at high concentrations in top predators such as seabirds. This paper reviews available data on methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs), heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (Q1) and 1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyrroles (HDBPs) in these animals. In all, 25 papers reported such HNPs in seabirds. White tailed sea eagle from Sweden was the seabird species with higher MeO-BDEs levels in eggs and blood, while in liver the European shag from Norway was the one. Regarding HDBPs, glaucous gull livers from North Water Polynya and Leach's storm petrel eggs from South Canada (NE Atlantic) showed the highest levels, while brown skua eggs presented the highest concentration of Q1. DBP-Br4Cl2 and DBP-Br6 were the most abundant HDBPs in seabirds, although only one study investigated DBP-Br6. Furthermore, 2'-MeO-BDE-68/6'-MeO-BDE-47 ratios were lower than one in mostly of the studies (91%). The main sources of methoxylated congeners found in seabirds might to be from sponges and/or associated organisms (bacteria). The scarcity of data in seabirds showed the gap in knowledge. Few studies were done especially in tropical areas and Southern Hemisphere and the most were conducted in the northwest part of the globe. This review arouses the need of knowledge about the distribution of these compounds in seabirds worldwide as well as it encourages toxicological studies to better understand the possible effects of HNPs on seabirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V Mello
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Kasper
- Laboratório de Traçadores em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-49, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Mariana B Alonso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, G0-61, CCS, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
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13
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Duell ER, Milzarek TM, El Omari M, Linares-Otoya LJ, Schäberle TF, König GM, Gulder TAM. Identification, cloning, expression and functional interrogation of the biosynthetic pathway of the polychlorinated triphenyls ambigol A–C from Fischerella ambigua 108b. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00707b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway to the ambigols A–C from Fischerella ambigua 108b has been identified, cloned, heterologously expressed and functionally studied, including in-depth analysis of the biaryl coupling biochemistry in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke R. Duell
- Biosystems Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM)
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Tobias M. Milzarek
- Biosystems Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM)
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Mustafa El Omari
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology
- University of Bonn
- 53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Luis J. Linares-Otoya
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology
- Justus Liebig University of Giessen
- 35392 Giessen
- Germany
- Department of Bioresources
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology
- Justus Liebig University of Giessen
- 35392 Giessen
- Germany
- Department of Bioresources
| | | | - Tobias A. M. Gulder
- Biosystems Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM)
- Technical University of Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
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14
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Utkina NK, Likhatskaya GN, Balabanova LA, Bakunina IY. Sponge-derived polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dibenzo-p-dioxins, irreversible inhibitors of the bacterial α-d-galactosidase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1754-1763. [PMID: 31532404 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated in vitro and in silico approach was applied to evaluate the potency of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and spongiadioxins (OH-PBDDs) isolated from Dysidea sponges on the activity of the recombinant α-d-galactosidase of the GH36 family. It was revealed for the first time that all compounds rapidly and apparently irreversibly inhibited the bacterial α-d-galactosidase. The structure-activity relationship study in the series of OH-PBDEs showed that the presence of an additional hydroxyl group in 5 significantly enhanced the potency (IC50 4.26 μM); the increase of bromination in compounds from 1 to 3 increased their potency (IC50 41.8, 36.0, and 16.0 μM, respectively); the presence of a methoxy group decreased the potency (4, IC50 60.5 μM). Spongiadioxins 6, 7, and 8 (IC50 16.6, 33.1, and 28.6 μM, respectively) exhibited inhibitory action comparable to that of monohydroxylated diphenyl ethers 1-3. Docking analysis revealed that all compounds bind in a pocket close to the catalytic amino acid residues. Molecular docking detected significant compound-enzyme interactions in the binding sites of α-d-galactosidase. Superimposition of the enzyme-substrate and the enzyme-inhibitor complexes showed that their binding sites overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K Utkina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation.
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15
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Li ZX, Wang XF, Ren GW, Yuan XL, Deng N, Ji GX, Li W, Zhang P. Prenylated Diphenyl Ethers from the Marine Algal-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus tennesseensis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092368. [PMID: 30227613 PMCID: PMC6225247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid to marine derived endophytic fungi, owing to their capacity to produce novel secondary metabolites with potent bioactivities. In this study, two new compounds with a prenylated diphenyl ether structure—diorcinol L (1) and (R)-diorcinol B (2)—were isolated from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus tennesseensis, along with seven known compounds: (S)-diorcinol B (3), 9-acetyldiorcinol B (4), diorcinol C (5), diorcinol D (6), diorcinol E (7), diorcinol J (8), and a dihydrobenzofuran derivative 9. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopy studies. Compound 2 represents the first example of an R-configuration in the prenylated moiety. All these isolated compounds were examined for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 1–9 exhibited antimicrobial activities against some human- and plant-pathogenic microbes with MIC values ranging from 2 to 64 μg/mL. Moreover, compound 9 displayed considerable inhibitory activity against the THP-1 cell line in vitro, with an IC50 value of 7.0 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xia Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Xiu-Fang Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
| | - Guang-Wei Ren
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
| | - Ning Deng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
| | - Gui-Xia Ji
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
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16
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Liu Y, Liu J, Yu M, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a marine food web of Chinese Bohai Sea and their human dietary exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:604-611. [PMID: 29107900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (OH-) and methoxylated (MeO-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been identified ubiquitous in wildlife and environment. However, understanding on their trophic accumulation and human exposure was hitherto limited. In this study, the occurrences and trophic behaviors were demonstrated for OH- and MeO-PBDEs using the biota samples collected from Dalian, a coastal city near Chinese Bohai Sea. ∑OH-PBDEs exhibited a wider concentration range (<MDL (method detection limit)-25 ng/g dry weight (dw)) compared with ∑MeO-PBDEs (<MDL-2 ng/g dw) and ∑PBDEs (<MDL-2 ng/g dw). The congener profiles and distribution patterns revealed that majority of OH- and MeO-PBDEs in marine biota were naturally produced and largely attributed to preying on lower trophic level biota. Though tertiary consumers accumulated more MeO-PBDEs and PBDEs, these chemicals did not show statistically significant biomagnification in the selected food web. Conversely, trophic dilution was determined for ortho-substituted OH-tetraBDEs and OH-pentaBDEs, revealing that trophic dilution was prevalent for naturally produced OH-PBDEs. The dietary intake evaluation of OH-PBDEs (0.4 ng/kg/d) and MeO-PBDEs (0.8 ng/kg/d) via seafood consumption showed that coastal residents were in higher exposure risks to OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs via the massive seafood consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Ochiai M, Nomiyama K, Isobe T, Yamada TK, Tajima Y, Matsuda A, Shiozaki A, Matsuishi T, Amano M, Iwata H, Tanabe S. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated and methoxylated analogues in the blood of harbor, Dall's and finless porpoises from the Japanese coastal waters. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:124-132. [PMID: 27836186 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated and methoxylated analogues (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in the blood of harbor porpoises, Dall's porpoises, and finless porpoises stranded or bycaught in Japanese coastal waters and in the North Pacific Ocean. Moreover, we suggested the origins of these contaminants and the factors affecting their pattern of accumulation. Levels of PBDEs in Dall's porpoises were one order of magnitude greater than those in the other species. OH-PBDE and MeO-PBDE levels were comparable to those of PBDEs. However, no correlation was found between the levels of OH-PBDEs and PBDEs, whereas a strong correlation was found between that of OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs (p < 0.001). 6OH-BDE47, reported compound biosynthesized by marine low-trophic level organisms, was the dominant congener. These results suggest that PBDEs found in these porpoise species derive from flame retardants, but OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs are mainly of natural origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ochiai
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tadasu K Yamada
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Tajima
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsuda
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Shiozaki
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuishi
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masao Amano
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan
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18
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Arai M, Shin D, Kamiya K, Ishida R, Setiawan A, Kotoku N, Kobayashi M. Marine spongean polybrominated diphenyl ethers, selective growth inhibitors against the cancer cells adapted to glucose starvation, inhibits mitochondrial complex II. J Nat Med 2016; 71:44-49. [PMID: 27449332 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the course of search for selective growth inhibitors against the cancer cells adapted to nutrient starvation, two polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (1) and 3,5-dibromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (2) were isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge of Dysidea sp. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the anti-proliferative activity against PANC-1 cells under glucose-starved conditions with IC50 values of 2.1 and 3.8 µM, respectively, whereas no growth inhibition was observed up to 30 µM in the general culture conditions. The further mechanistic analysis indicated that compound 1 might act mainly by inhibiting complex II in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Dayoung Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andi Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lampung University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brodjonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
| | - Naoyuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motomasa Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Li XB, Zhou YH, Zhu RX, Chang WQ, Yuan HQ, Gao W, Zhang LL, Zhao ZT, Lou HX. Identification and biological evaluation of secondary metabolites from the endolichenic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:575-92. [PMID: 25879502 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chemical investigation of the endolichenic fungus Aspergillus versicolor (125a), which was found in the lichen Lobaria quercizans, resulted in the isolation of four novel diphenyl ethers, named diorcinols F-H (1-3, resp.) and 3-methoxyviolaceol-II (4), eight new bisabolane sesquiterpenoids, named (-)-(R)-cyclo-hydroxysydonic acid (5), (-)-(7S,8R)-8-hydroxysydowic acid (6), (-)-(7R,10S)-10-hydroxysydowic acid (7), (-)-(7R,10R)-iso-10-hydroxysydowic acid (8), (-)-12-acetoxy-1-deoxysydonic acid (9), (-)-12-acetoxysydonic acid (10), (-)-12-hydroxysydonic acid (11), and (-)-(R)-11-dehydrosydonic acid (12), two new tris(pyrogallol ethers), named sydowiols D (13) and E (14), and fifteen known compounds, 15-29. All of the structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, and a number of them were further identified through chemical transformations and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Preliminary bioassays of these isolates for the determination of their inhibitory activities against the fungus Candida albicans, and their cytotoxicities against the human cancer cell lines PC3, A549, A2780, MDA-MB-231, and HEPG2 were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, P. R. China (phone: +86-531-88382012; fax: +86-531-88382019)
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21
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Yamashita A, Fujimoto Y, Tamaki M, Setiawan A, Tanaka T, Okuyama-Dobashi K, Kasai H, Watashi K, Wakita T, Toyama M, Baba M, de Voogd NJ, Maekawa S, Enomoto N, Tanaka J, Moriishi K. Identification of Antiviral Agents Targeting Hepatitis B Virus Promoter from Extracts of Indonesian Marine Organisms by a Novel Cell-Based Screening Assay. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6759-73. [PMID: 26561821 PMCID: PMC4663552 DOI: 10.3390/md13116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) face a limited choice of vaccine, antibody and antiviral agents. The development of additional antiviral agents is still needed for improvement of CHB therapy. In this study, we established a screening system in order to identify compounds inhibiting the core promoter activity of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We prepared 80 extracts of marine organisms from the coral reefs of Indonesia and screened them by using this system. Eventually, two extracts showed high inhibitory activity (>95%) and low cytotoxicity (66% to 77%). Solvent fractionation, column chromatography and NMR analysis revealed that 3,5-dibromo-2-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (compound 1) and 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (compound 2), which are classified as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were identified as anti-HBV agents in the extracts. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited HBV core promoter activity as well as HBV production from HepG2.2.15.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The EC50 values of compounds 1 and 2 were 0.23 and 0.80 µM, respectively, while selectivity indexes of compound 1 and 2 were 18.2 and 12.8, respectively. These results suggest that our cell-based HBV core promoter assay system is useful to determine anti-HBV compounds, and that two PBDE compounds are expected to be candidates of lead compounds for the development of anti-HBV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Yuusuke Fujimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Andi Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lampung University, Jl. Sumantri Brodjonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia.
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Kaori Okuyama-Dobashi
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Toyama
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy Center for Chronic Viral Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Masanori Baba
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy Center for Chronic Viral Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Nicole J de Voogd
- Naturalis, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
| | - Shinya Maekawa
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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22
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Lin K, Zhou S, Chen X, Ding J, Kong X, Gan J. Formation of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers from laccase-catalyzed oxidation of bromophenols. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:806-813. [PMID: 26295539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been frequently found in the marine biosphere as emerging organic contaminants. Studies to date have suggested that OH-PBDEs in marine biota are natural products. However, the mechanisms leading to the biogenesis of OH-PBDEs are still far from clear. In this study, using a laccase isolated from Trametes versicolor as the model enzyme, we explored the formation of OH-PBDEs from the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of simple bromophenols (e.g., 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP). Experiments under ambient conditions clearly showed that OH-PBDEs were produced from 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP in presence of laccase. Polybrominated compounds 2'-OH-BDE68, 2,2'-diOH-BB80, and 1,3,8-TrBDD were identified as the products from 2,4-DBP, and 2'-OH-BDE121 and 4'-OH-BDE121 from 2,4,6-TBP. The production of OH-PBDEs was likely a result of the coupling of bromophenoxy radicals, generated from the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 2,4-DBP or 2,4,6-TBP. The transformation of bromophenols by laccase was pH-dependant, and was also influenced by enzymatic activity. In view of the abundance of 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP and the phylogenetic distribution of laccases in the environment, laccase-catalyzed conversion of bromophenols may be potentially an important route for the natural biosynthesis of OH-PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunde Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Shiyang Zhou
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Kong
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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23
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Barón E, Giménez J, Verborgh P, Gauffier P, De Stephanis R, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of classical flame retardants, related halogenated natural compounds and alternative flame retardants in three delphinids from Southern European waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:107-115. [PMID: 25875161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence and behaviour of classical (PBDEs) and alternative (HNs, HBB, PBEB, DBDPE and HBCD) flame retardants, together with naturally produced MeO-PBDEs, were studied in short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) in two sampling locations from Southern European waters. PBDEs, Dec 602, Dec 603, DP, α-HBCD and two MeO-PBDEs were detected in all three species. ∑PBDEs were between 17 and 2680 ng/g lw; ∑HNs were between 1.1 and 59 ng/g lw; α-HBCD levels ranged between 3.2 and 641 ng/g lw; ∑MeO-PBDEs were between 34 and 1966 ng/g lw. Bottlenose dolphins were the most contaminated species and some individuals could present health risk for endocrine disruption since levels found were above the reported threshold (1500 ng/g lw). Stable isotope analysis was used to evaluate the biomagnification capacity of these compounds. PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs and Dec 602 showed a significant positive correlation with trophic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barón
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Giménez
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Department of Conservation Biology, Avenida Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Verborgh
- Conservation Information and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain
| | - P Gauffier
- Conservation Information and Research on Cetaceans (CIRCE), Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cádiz, Spain
| | - R De Stephanis
- Fundación Rosetta, Cabeza de Manzaneda 3, Algeciras-Pelayo, 11390 Cadiz, Spain
| | - E Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Studies (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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24
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Agarwal V, Li J, Rahman I, Borgen M, Aluwihare LI, Biggs JS, Paul VJ, Moore BS. Complexity of naturally produced polybrominated diphenyl ethers revealed via mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1339-46. [PMID: 25559102 PMCID: PMC4358748 DOI: 10.1021/es505440j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent and bioaccumulative anthropogenic and natural chemicals that are broadly distributed in the marine environment. PBDEs are potentially toxic due to inhibition of various mammalian signaling pathways and enzymatic reactions. PBDE isoforms vary in toxicity in accordance with structural differences, primarily in the number and pattern of hydroxyl moieties afforded upon a conserved core structure. Over four decades of isolation and discovery-based efforts have established an impressive repertoire of natural PBDEs. Based on our recent reports describing the bacterial biosyntheses of PBDEs, we predicted the presence of additional classes of PBDEs to those previously identified from marine sources. Using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, we now establish the existence of new structural classes of PBDEs in marine sponges. Our findings expand the chemical space explored by naturally produced PBDEs, which may inform future environmental toxicology studies. Furthermore, we provide evidence for iodinated PBDEs and direct attention toward the contribution of promiscuous halogenating enzymes in further expanding the diversity of these polyhalogenated marine natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Agarwal
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Imran Rahman
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Miles Borgen
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Lihini I. Aluwihare
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Geoscience Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Jason S. Biggs
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory, UoG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, United States
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 858-822-6650; fax: 858-534-1318;
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25
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Legradi J, Dahlberg AK, Cenijn P, Marsh G, Asplund L, Bergman Å, Legler J. Disruption of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) present in the marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14703-11. [PMID: 25422162 DOI: 10.1021/es5039744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) are of growing concern, as they have been detected in both humans and wildlife and have been shown to be toxic. Recent studies have indicated that OH-PBDEs can be more toxic than PBDEs, partly due to their ability to disrupt oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), an essential process in energy metabolism. In this study, we determined the OXPHOS disruption potential of 18 OH-PBDE congeners reported in marine wildlife using two in vitro bioassays, namely the classic rat mitochondrial respiration assay, and a mitochondrial membrane potential assay using zebrafish PAC2 cells. Single OH-PBDE congeners as well as mixtures were tested to study potential additive or synergistic effects. An environmental mixture composed of seven OH-PBDE congeners mimicking the concentrations reported in Baltic blue mussels were also studied. We report that all OH-PBDEs tested were able to disrupt OXPHOS via either protonophoric uncoupling and/or inhibition of the electron transport chain. Additionally we show that OH-PBDEs tested in combinations as found in the environment have the potential to disrupt OXPHOS. Importantly, mixtures of OH-PBDEs may show very strong synergistic effects, stressing the importance of further research on the in vivo impacts of these compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Legradi
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Fan Y, Lan J, Li H, Li G, Cao Y, Zhao Z, Zhao M, Jiang G. Spatial distributions of methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the East China Sea--a seaward increasing trend. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:247-254. [PMID: 25113209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Methoxylated (MeO-) and hydroxylated (OH-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine environments have been of increasing concern due to their potential ecological toxicities and worldwide occurrence. However, few reports have been referred to their occurrence and distributions in marine sediments despite large numbers of studies on marine organisms have been reported. In the present paper, nine MeO-BDEs, ten OH-BDEs and three phytoplankton biomarkers (PBs) of brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones have been measured in surface sediments from the East China Sea. 6-MeO-BDE47, 2'-MeO-BDE68 and 6-OH-BDE47 were predominant congeners, ranging from 5.2 to 599.5 pg g(-1)dw, 5.2 to 562.4 pg g(-1)dw, and 11.4 to 129.1 pg g(-1)dw, respectively. Their spatial patterns all presented a seaward increasing trend and higher levels of these compounds were mainly concentrated in the outer shelf influenced by the Kuroshio Current. The patterns further prove that these ortho-substituted MeO-BDEs and OH-BDEs in marine sediments are natural compounds. Furthermore, alkenones also presented a seaward increasing trend. Statistical analysis shows that there are significant correlations between MeO-BDEs, OH-BDEs and alkenones, impling the potential of coccolithophorids for producing these natural compounds and their global distribution, especially in open oceans. Comparison between TOC and the ratio of 6-MeO-BDE47/6-OH-BDE47 suggests that TOC should be a potential controlling factor of the conversion between MeO-BDE and OH-BDE pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Lan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Meixun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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27
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Agarwal V, Moore BS. Enzymatic synthesis of polybrominated dioxins from the marine environment. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1980-4. [PMID: 25061970 PMCID: PMC4168793 DOI: 10.1021/cb5004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins are arguably among the most toxic molecules known to man. In addition to anthropogenic sources, marine invertebrates also harbor polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins of as yet unknown biogenic origin. Here, we report that the bmp gene locus in marine bacteria, a recently characterized source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, can also synthesize dibenzo-p-dioxins by employing different phenolic initiator molecules. Our findings also diversify the structural classes of diphenyl ethers accessed by the bmp biosynthetic pathway. This report lays the biochemical foundation of a likely biogenetic origin of dibenzo-p-dioxins present in the marine metabolome and greatly expands the toxicity potential of marine derived polyhaloganated natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Agarwal
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution
of Oceanography and Skaggs School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution
of Oceanography and Skaggs School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
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28
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Fan Y, Huh CA, Lan J, Zhao M, Zhao Z, Li G, Sun J, Jiang G. Major sources of MeO/OH-BDEs in the East China Sea elucidated from their records and phytoplankton biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:1-8. [PMID: 24874793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (OH-) and methoxylated (MeO-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have caused much concern because of their potential toxicity and worldwide distribution. These compounds are recently suggested to originate from the natural process in the ocean. However, their source remains highly controversial. In this study, we analyzed the contents of nine MeO-BDEs, ten OH-BDEs, and phytoplankton biomarkers (PBs) in two sediment cores collected from the East China Sea (ECS). The detection of 6-MeO-BDE-47, 2'-MeO-BDE-68, and 6-OH-BDE-47 have been reported since the 1920s, prior to the production of PBDEs. Significant relations were found between MeO/OH-BDEs and indicators of marine organic matters. The similar down-core variations and significant correlations between MeO/OH-BDEs and PBs suggest the possibility that phytoplankton produced these natural compounds. Laboratory incubation further demonstrates that phytoplankton can produce MeO-BDEs. Comparisons between the content ratios of 6-MeO-BDE-47/2'-MeO-BDE-68 and brassicasterol/dinosterol indicate that the signature of MeO-BDEs is controlled by the phytoplankton community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chih-An Huh
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Lan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meixun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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29
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Zhao H, Wang GQ, Tong XP, Chen GD, Huang YF, Cui JY, Kong MZ, Guo LD, Zheng YZ, Yao XS, Gao H. Diphenyl ethers from Aspergillus sp. and their anti-Aβ₄₂ aggregation activities. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:77-83. [PMID: 25038471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds with the character of diphenyl ether structure, oxisterigmatocystin D (1) and 9-acetyldiorcinol B (6), were isolated from the endolichenic fungal strain Aspergillus sp. (No. 16-20-8-1), along with six known compounds, oxisterigmatocystin A (2), oxisterigmatocystin C (3), sterigmatocystin (4), diorcinol B (5), violaceol-I (7), and violaceol-II (8). The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the Aβ42 aggregation inhibitory activities of 5-8 were evaluated by the standard thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the positive control. Compounds 7 and 8 displayed significant anti-Aβ42 aggregation activity with IC50 values of 5.1 and 2.3μM, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationship of these diphenyl ethers as anti-Aβ42 aggregation inhibitors was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Peng Tong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Fan Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yu Cui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhu Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhi Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Fan Y, Lan J, Zhao Z, Zhao M. Sedimentary records of hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the southern Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 84:366-372. [PMID: 24910183 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although hydroxylated (OH-) and methoxylated (MeO-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have caused much concern in recent years, few reports had discussed on their input history. In this study, we measured the contents of nine MeO-BDEs, ten OH-BDEs, and total organic carbon (TOC) of two sediment cores from the southern Yellow Sea. 6-MeO-BDE-47, 2'-MeO-BDE-68, 6-OH-BDE-47, and 2'-OH-BDE-68 were the predominant congeners in HH12, while only 2'-OH-BDE-68 and 6-OH-BDE-47 were frequently detected in core HH11. The records showed that OH-/MeO-BDEs in both cores had increased rapidly since the 1950s. Their existence was detected at the bottom layers (∼1800 s) prior to the production of PBDEs (1960s), thus OH-/MeO-BDEs originate from natural origins rather than artificial PBDEs. Comparisons between TOC and OH-/MeO-BDEs indicated that TOC is a potential factor affecting the accumulation of OH-/MeO-BDEs in marine environments. Similar trends and significant correlations between OH-BDEs and MeO-BDEs suggest their common origins or interconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Organic Geochemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Lan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Organic Geochemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Meixun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Organic Geochemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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31
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Alonso MB, Azevedo A, Torres JPM, Dorneles PR, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, Lailson-Brito J, Malm O. Anthropogenic (PBDE) and naturally-produced (MeO-PBDE) brominated compounds in cetaceans--a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:619-634. [PMID: 24636867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the available data on brominated flame retardants, the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as on the naturally-produced methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in cetacean tissues around the world. Levels and possible sources of both compound classes are discussed. Odontocete cetaceans accumulate higher PBDE concentrations than mysticete species. PBDE contamination was higher in cetaceans from the Northern hemisphere, whereas MeO-PBDE levels were higher in animals from the Southern hemisphere. Southern resident killer whales from NE Pacific presented the highest levels reported in biota, followed by bottlenose dolphins from North Atlantic (U.K. and U.S. coast). Many species presented PBDE concentrations above threshold levels for health effects in odontocetes. Time trend studies indicate that PBDE concentrations in odontocetes from Japan, China, U.S. and Canada coastal zones have increased significantly over the past 30 years. Studies from U.K. waters and NE Atlantic showed a decrease and/or stability of PBDE levels in cetacean tissues in recent decades. The highest MeO-PBDE concentrations were found in dolphins from Tanzania (Indian Ocean), bottlenose dolphins from Queensland, Australia (SW Pacific), and odontocetes from coastal and continental shelf waters off southeastern Brazil (SW Atlantic). The upwelling phenomenon and the presence of coral reef complexes in these tropical oceans may explain the large amounts of the naturally-produced organobromines. Considering that these bioaccumulative chemicals have properties that could cause many deleterious effects in those animals, future studies are required to evaluate the potential ecotoxicological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Alonso
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil; Projeto BioPesca, Praia Grande, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil.
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Paulo R Dorneles
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Pic de Peguera 15, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil.
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
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Salam KA, Furuta A, Noda N, Tsuneda S, Sekiguchi Y, Yamashita A, Moriishi K, Nakakoshi M, Tani H, Roy SR, Tanaka J, Tsubuki M, Akimitsu N. PBDE: structure-activity studies for the inhibition of hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase. Molecules 2014; 19:4006-20. [PMID: 24699145 PMCID: PMC6271602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The helicase portion of the hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is considered one of the most validated targets for developing direct acting antiviral agents. We isolated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 1 from a marine sponge as an NS3 helicase inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of PBDE (1) on the essential activities of NS3 protein such as RNA helicase, ATPase, and RNA binding activities. The structure-activity relationship analysis of PBDE (1) against the HCV ATPase revealed that the biphenyl ring, bromine, and phenolic hydroxyl group on the benzene backbone might be a basic scaffold for the inhibitory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Abdus Salam
- Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Furuta
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Noda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sekiguchi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Atsuya Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Nakakoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Sona Rani Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Akimitsu
- Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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Winnberg U, Rydén A, Löfstrand K, Asplund L, Bignert A, Marsh G. Novel octabrominated phenolic diphenyl ether identified in blue mussels from the Swedish West Coast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3319-3326. [PMID: 24559155 DOI: 10.1021/es404969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (OH-) and methoxylated (MeO-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are compounds present in the marine environment and OH-PBDEs are of toxicological concern and are therefore of interest to monitor in the environment. A phenolic octaBDE was tentatively identified in the phenolic fraction of previously analyzed mussel samples after methylation of the halogenated phenolic compounds (HPCs). The aim of the present study was to confirm the identity of this compound in blue mussels and investigate whether the analyte is diOH- and/or OH-MeO-octaBDE. Two reference standards, 6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octabromodiphenyl ether (6,6'-diMeO-BDE194) and 6-ethoxy-6'-methoxy-2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octabromodiphenyl ether (6-EtO-6'-MeO-BDE194) were prepared via O-arylation of 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-6-methoxyphenol and 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-6-ethoxyphenol, respectively, with a novel unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salt, 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-6-methoxydiphenyliodonium triflate. The GC retention time and GC/MS spectrum of the synthesized 6,6'-diMeO-BDE194 correspond well with the analyte in the methylated phenolic fraction of a mussel extract from a previous study. Structural analysis performed in this study indicate that the synthesized 6,6'-diMeO-BDE194 and 6-EtO-6'-MeO-BDE194 correspond well with 6-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-octabromodiphenyl ether (6-OH-6'-MeO-BDE194) after methylation and ethylation, respectively, of the HPCs in the mussel extracts. The compound 6-OH-6'-MeO-BDE194 was identified and quantified in new mussels, sampled in 2012 from two locations on the Swedish west coast, with geometric mean concentrations of 3700 and 410 ng/g fat, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Winnberg
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jiao WH, Xu TT, Yu HB, Chen GD, Huang XJ, Yang F, Li YS, Han BN, Liu XY, Lin HW. Dysideanones A-C, unusual sesquiterpene quinones from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea avara. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:346-350. [PMID: 24547794 DOI: 10.1021/np4009392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysideanones A-C (1-3), three unusual sesquiterpene quinones with unprecedented carbon skeletons, were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea avara. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and calculated ECD spectra. Within the sesquiterpene quinone structures, dysideanones A (1) and B (2) share an unprecedented 6/6/6/6-fused tetracyclic carbon skeleton, while dysideanone C (3) possesses an unusual 6/6/5/6-fused tetracyclic core. Dysideanone B (2) showed cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines, HeLa and HepG2, with IC50 values of 7.1 and 9.4 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
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Dahlberg AK, Norrgran J, Hovander L, Bergman K, Asplund L. Recovery discrepancies of OH-PBDEs and polybromophenols in human plasma and cat serum versus herring and long-tailed duck plasma. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 94:97-103. [PMID: 24091245 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been identified as metabolites of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and/or as natural products. The OH-PBDEs and polybromophenols have come into focus over the last decade due to their abundance in biota and their potential adverse health effects. The present recovery study aims to validate a commonly used method (published by Hovander et al. 2000) for OH-PBDE analysis in human plasma. Further, the authors intended to determine the method's applicability to serum/plasma matrices from other species than humans. The investigated matrices were human plasma, cat serum, herring- and long-tailed duck plasma. The recovery study included nine OH-PBDEs, four polybromophenols and three methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs). Five replicates of each matrix were spiked with these compounds at two dose levels; a low dose (0.5 ng) and a high dose (5 ng) and were cleaned up according to the Hovander method. The recovery of OH-PBDEs and polybromophenols in human plasma and cat serum were high and reproducible at both dose levels whereas the recovery for herring and long-tailed duck plasma were low and insufficient with great variability amongst OH-PBDE congeners at both dose levels. Our data show that the method can be fully applied to matrices like human plasma and cat serum but not for herring and long-tailed duck plasma without further method development. Hence care needs to be taken when applying the method onto other blood matrices without validation since the present study have demonstrated that the recoveries may differ amongst OH-PBDE congeners and specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Dahlberg
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Ren Z, Bi X, Huang B, Liu M, Sheng G, Fu J. Hydroxylated PBDEs and brominated phenolic compounds in particulate matters emitted during recycling of waste printed circuit boards in a typical e-waste workshop of South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 177:71-77. [PMID: 23466734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) and brominated phenolic compounds in aerosol samples from a printed circuit boards recycling workshop were characterized. The results show that OH-PBDEs, which are naturally occurring compounds or metabolism of PBDEs, could also be emitted from the e-waste recycling. Five OH-PBDEs, several unidentified mono-OH-PBDE and di-OH-PBDE congeners were detected. The concentration of ∑OH-PBDEs was 1.74-4.22 ng m(-3) (average of 2.66 ng m(-3)), with 6-OH-BDE-47 (0.329 ng m(-3)) as the most abundant identified congener. The total concentration of di- to tri-brominated phenols (BPs) was 18.8-32.0 ng m(-3) (average of 26.3 ng m(-3)) with 2,4,6-triBP as the most abundant congener. These findings suggest that the recycling of printed circuit boards represent a strong source of OH-PBDEs and BPs to the atmosphere. Additionally, some phenolic compounds including brominated bisphenol A, hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl species and etc. were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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37
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Sun J, Liu J, Liu Q, Ruan T, Yu M, Wang Y, Wang T, Jiang G. Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:2388-95. [PMID: 23141840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) along with methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been frequently identified as natural compounds in marine environment and also assumed as metabolites of PBDEs. In the present study, nine OH-PBDE, nine MeO-PBDE and 10 PBDE congeners were studied in the sewage sludge collected from 36 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 27 cities of China. The results suggest that OH-PBDEs and PBDEs are ubiquitous in sewage sludge in China, however, methoxylated PBDEs were not detectable. Composition profiles of detected OH-PBDE congeners were different depending on the sampling location. ΣOH-PBDEs in WWTPs sludge ranged from 0.04 to 2.24 ng g(-1) dry weight (mean: 0.35 ng g(-1) dry weight). The total amount of the two most prominent congeners (6-OH-BDE-47+2'-OH-BDE-68) accounted for about 53.3-100% of the sum of all six identified congeners. A significant linear relationship was found between 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2'-OH-BDE-68. A distinct geographical distribution of ΣOH-PBDEs was observed with greater concentrations of OH-PBDEs at coastal areas than inland regions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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38
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De la Torre A, Pacepavicius G, Martínez MA, Darling C, Muir D, Sherry J, McMaster M, Alaee M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated and hydroxylated analogs in Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) plasma from Lake Ontario. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1644-1651. [PMID: 23121987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) were detected and quantified in Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from Lake Ontario. Samples were collected in 2006 from three different locations near the city of Toronto: Frenchman's Bay, Toronto Island, and Tommy Thompson Park. A total of 117 plasma samples were pooled into 19 samples, separating males and females by site of capture. Pooled samples were analyzed for 36 PBDEs, 20 MeO-PBDEs and 20 OH-PBDEs, but only six PBDEs, five MeO- and eight OH-compounds were confirmed against standards currently available. These peaks were quantified as "identified" peaks, while peaks matching ion ratios but not matching the retention time of the available standards were quantified as "unidentified" peaks. Both "identified" and "unidentified" concentrations were combined to obtain a total concentration. No significant variations were obtained for total PBDE concentrations, ranging from 3.33 to 9.02 ng g(-1)wet weight. However, OH- and MeO-PBDE totals ranged over 1 order of magnitude among the samples (not detected - 3.57 ng g(-1)wet weight for OH-PBDEs and not detected -0.10 ng/g wet weight for MeO-PBDE). The results of this study suggested that these compounds are ubiquitous in biota. Source estimation of MeO- and OH-PBDEs in freshwater fish were discussed. Considering that up to date no freshwater sources for MeO- or OH-PBDEs have been reported, concentrations found should be mainly related to bioaccumulation from anthropogenic sources, although other sources could not be dismissed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De la Torre
- Persistent Organic Pollutant Group, Environmental Department. CIEMAT, Avd. Complutense 40 Madrid, Spain
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Yamazaki H, Sumilat DA, Kanno SI, Ukai K, Rotinsulu H, Wewengkang DS, Ishikawa M, Mangindaan REP, Namikoshi M. A polybromodiphenyl ether from an Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea and its chemical derivatives inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, an important target for diabetes treatment. J Nat Med 2012; 67:730-5. [PMID: 23274914 PMCID: PMC3765847 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The ethanol extract of an Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysideaherbacea inhibited the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an important target enzyme for the treatment of type II diabetes. Bioassay-guided isolation yielded a known polybromodiphenyl ether (1) as a sole bioactive component. The structure of 1 was confirmed by spectroscopic data for 1 and its methyl ether derivative (2). Compound 1 markedly inhibited the PTP1B activity (IC50 = 0.85 μM) and showed a moderate cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines, HCT-15 (colon) and Jurkat (T-cell lymphoma) cells. On the other hand, compound 2 maintained potent inhibitory activity against PTP1B (IC50 = 1.7 μM) but did not show apparent cytotoxicity at 18 μM against these cancer cells. Four ester derivatives [acetyl (3), butyryl (4), hexanoyl (5), and benzoyl (6)] were prepared from 1 and their activities evaluated against PTP1B and two cancer cell lines to investigate the structure–activity relationships. Although compounds 3–6 exhibited potent inhibitory effects against PTP1B activity, cytotoxicity against HCT-15 and Jurkat cells was observed as a similar efficacy to that of 1. From these results, compound 2 was found to be the best inhibitor of PTP1B with no apparent cytotoxicity. Therefore, 2 may be a lead compound for making a new type of PTP1B inhibitor. Moreover, compound 2 did not inhibit the cell growth of Huh-7 cells (hepatoma). Hepatocytes are one of the locations of PTP1B, and Huh-7 cells are used to study the mechanism of action of compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
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Cincinelli A, Pieri F, Zhang Y, Seed M, Jones KC. Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) for chlorine and bromine: a review of techniques and applications to elucidate environmental sources and processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 169:112-127. [PMID: 22710086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated and brominated compounds belong to the class of organohalogen compounds that have received attention because of their widespread occurrence, use and applications. Understanding the sources and transformation processes of these contaminants in the environment enables assessment of their possible impact on humans and ecosystems. Recently new and innovative methods of Compound Specific Isotope Analysis have started to be applied to characterize the origin and fate of compounds, their breakdown products and degradation rates in different environmental compartments. Almost all studies have focussed on determination of isotopes of C and H, only recently new methodologies have been developed to measure isotopes of Cl and Br. This review firstly gives a brief description of chemistry properties and geochemical cycle of chlorine and bromine followed by a summary of their uses and applications. In the second section, an overview of CSIA techniques and new challenges and successful applications are also presented.
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Srikanth Reddy T, Suryakiran N, Narasimhulu M, Ramesh D, Chinni Mahesh K, Sai Krishna A, Kavitha P, Venkateswara Rao J, Venkateswarlu Y. Semi-synthesis and bio-evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the sponge Dysidea herbacea. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4900-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rotander A, van Bavel B, Rigét F, Auðunsson GA, Polder A, Gabrielsen GW, Víkingsson G, Mikkelsen B, Dam M. Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) are major contributors to the persistent organobromine load in sub-Arctic and Arctic marine mammals, 1986-2009. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 416:482-489. [PMID: 22225820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A selection of MeO-BDE and BDE congeners were analyzed in pooled blubber samples of pilot whale (Globicephala melas), ringed seal (Phoca hispida), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), and Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), covering a time period of more than 20 years (1986-2009). The analytes were extracted and cleaned-up using open column extraction and multi-layer silica gel column chromatography. The analysis was performed using both low resolution and high resolution GC-MS. MeO-PBDE concentrations relative to total PBDE concentrations varied greatly between sampling periods and species. The highest MeO-PBDE levels were found in the toothed whale species pilot whale and white-sided dolphin, often exceeding the concentration of the most abundant PBDE, BDE-47. The lowest MeO-PBDE levels were found in fin whales and ringed seals. The main MeO-BDE congeners were 6-MeO-BDE47 and 2'-MeO-BDE68. A weak correlation only between BDE47 and its methoxylated analog 6-MeO-BDE47 was found and is indicative of a natural source for MeO-PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
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Abstract
Cancer accounted for huge number of deaths, which represents about 13% of all deaths worldwide, and the number of the deaths due to cancer is increasing. Natural products and their synthetic analogs are widely used as antitumor drugs. As represented by these drugs, many anticancer drugs originated from cytotoxic compounds. Marine natural products are a gold mine of strong bioactive compounds with unique structures created in evolution of organisms over hundred million years. However, in the field of drug discovery, most studies have focused on plant essences and bacterial metabolites, and candidate compounds from marine origin are still remaining relatively unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Maru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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44
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Feussner KD, Ragini K, Kumar R, Soapi KM, Aalbersberg WG, Harper MK, Carte B, Ireland CM. Investigations of the marine flora and fauna of the Fiji Islands. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:1424-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Haraguchi K, Kato Y, Ohta C, Koga N, Endo T. Marine sponge: a potential source for methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Asia-Pacific food web. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13102-13109. [PMID: 22034991 DOI: 10.1021/jf203458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges collected in Palau, Micronesia, were investigated for hydroxylated or methoxylated analogues of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), brominated dibenzo-p-dioxin (BDD), and brominated biphenyls. The neutral fractions of Haliclona sp. and Callyspongia sp. contained 2'-methoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetraBDE, 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE, 2',6-dimethoxy-2,3',4,5-tetraBDE 2,2'-dimethoxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl, several methoxy-triBDEs, and dimethoxy-penta-/hexaBDEs. The methoxylated BDEs in sponges were strikingly similar to those of local fish living in the western Pacific Ocean. The total concentrations of these compounds (ΣMeO-PBDE) in both sponges were 63.5 μg/g extractable organic matter (EOM) for Haliclona sp. and 36.5 μg/g EOM for Callyspongia sp., which were about 2 orders of magnitude higher than the levels seen in tropical coral reef fish (unicornfish or surgeonfish) (280-290 ng/g lipid) and groupers (550 ng/g lipid) from Okinawan coastal waters. The phenolic fractions of both sponges contained hydroxy-methoxy tetra-/pentaBDEs as well as hydroxy-tetraBDD, in addition to the corresponding phenolic tetraBDE analogues. Although the total concentrations of phenolic products (27-80 μg/g EOM) in both sponges fell within a range comparable to the methoxylated products, ΣOH-PBDE in local fish were trace level (less than 10 ng/g lipid of) or undetectable. This survey indicates that marine sponges are a possible source of the MeO-PBDE analogues that biomagnify via the food chain to the higher trophic organisms in the western Pacific, whereas the distribution of the corresponding hydroxylated analogues is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
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Liu M, Hansen PE, Lin X. Bromophenols in marine algae and their bioactivities. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1273-1292. [PMID: 21822416 PMCID: PMC3148503 DOI: 10.3390/md9071273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae contain various bromophenols that have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-thrombotic effects. Here, we briefly review the recent progress of these marine algal biomaterials, with respect to structure, bioactivities, and their potential application as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China; E-Mail:
| | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China; E-Mail:
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Kenyon V, Rai G, Jadhav A, Schultz L, Armstrong M, Jameson JB, Perry S, Joshi N, Bougie JM, Leister W, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Nadler JL, Holinstat M, Simeonov A, Maloney DJ, Holman TR. Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of human platelet-type 12- lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5485-97. [PMID: 21739938 DOI: 10.1021/jm2005089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of platelet-type 12-human lipoxygenase, which display nanomolar activity against the purified enzyme, using a quantitative high-throughput screen (qHTS) on a library of 153607 compounds. These compounds also exhibit excellent specificity, >50-fold selectivity vs the paralogues, 5-human lipoxygenase, reticulocyte 15-human lipoxygenase type-1, and epithelial 15-human lipoxygenase type-2, and >100-fold selectivity vs ovine cyclooxygenase-1 and human cyclooxygenase-2. Kinetic experiments indicate this chemotype is a noncompetitive inhibitor that does not reduce the active site iron. Moreover, chiral HPLC separation of two of the racemic lead molecules revealed a strong preference for the (-)-enantiomers (IC(50) of 0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.38 ± 0.05 μM) compared to the (+)-enantiomers (IC(50) of >25 μM for both), indicating a fine degree of selectivity in the active site due to chiral geometry. In addition, these compounds demonstrate efficacy in cellular models, which underscores their relevance to disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kenyon
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3370, United States
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48
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Löfstrand K, Liu X, Lindqvist D, Jensen S, Asplund L. Seasonal variations of hydroxylated and methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers in blue mussels from the Baltic Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:527-532. [PMID: 21288551 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) found at high levels in the Baltic biota are mainly natural products, but can also be formed through metabolism or abiotic oxidation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The formation of OH-PBDEs is of concern since there is growing evidence of phenolic toxicity. This study investigates seasonal variations in levels of OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs, focusing on an exposed species, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), sampled in the Baltic Sea in May, June, August and October of 2008. Both the OH-PBDE and MeO-PBDE levels in the mussels showed seasonal variations from May to October, the highest concentration of each congener appearing in June. The seasonal variation was more marked for OH-PBDEs than in MeO-PBDEs, but all congeners showed the same trends, except 6-MeO-BDE47 and 2'-MeO-BDE68, which did not significantly decline in concentrations after June. Biotic or abiotic debromination is suggested as a possible reason for the rapid decrease in methoxylated penta- and hexa-BDE concentrations observed in blue mussels from June to August, while the tetraBDE concentrations were stable. In addition, 1,3,7/1,3,8-tribrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins showed the same seasonal variation. The seasonal variations indicates natural formation and are unlikely to be due to transformation of anthropogenic precursors. The levels of PBDEs were fairly constant over time and considerably lower than those of the OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs. The timing of the peaks in concentrations suggests that filamentous macro-algae may be important sources of these compounds found in the blue mussels from this Baltic Sea location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Löfstrand
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Inman WD, Crews P. Unraveling the bastarane and isobastarane oximo amide configurations and associated macrocycle conformations: implications of their influence on bioactivities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:402-410. [PMID: 21214221 PMCID: PMC3064723 DOI: 10.1021/np100798q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Our rigorous re-examination of the conformational properties of bastadins that comprise the isobastarane and bastarane-type macrocycle has generated some interesting new insights. We determined that these macrocycles are flexible and possess a surprising degree of reflection symmetry that generates enantiomeric conformations. The macrocycle symmetry arises from its ability to twist in a disrotatory fashion, providing one set of conformers, and then twists with the opposite disrotation to generate a corresponding set of enantiomers. Overall, the isobastarane conformations for (E,E)-bastadin 19 (1a) are complex and can access several distinct ring conformations. In contrast, the bastarane macrocycle in bastadin 5 (2) and bastadin 6 (3) maintains a similar overall shape. We postulate that the short-term stability of the (Z)-oximo amide, an uncommon configuration found in bastadins and psammaplins, is due to the existence of conformers with intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the (Z)-oxime, and hydrogen bonding impedes oxime isomerization to the more stable (E)-oximo amide in solution. Finally, the modeling results provided insights toward understanding the different antiproliferative activity against endothelial cells as well as Ca(2+) channel modulation activities attributed to bastaranes 2 and 3 versus isobastarane 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne D. Inman
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 831-459-2603. Fax: 831-459-2935. ;
| | - Phillip Crews
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 831-459-2603. Fax: 831-459-2935. ;
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50
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Kim SY, Kim SR, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Kang SY. In vitro antiviral activity of red alga, Polysiphonia morrowii extract and its bromophenols against fish pathogenic infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. J Microbiol 2011; 49:102-6. [PMID: 21369986 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-1035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous investigation revealed that 80% methanolic extract of the red alga Polysiphonia morrowii has significant antiviral activities against fish pathogenic viruses, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). The present study was conducted to identify compounds attributed for its antiviral activities and investigate their antiviral activities against IHNV and IPNV. Activity-guided fractionation for 80% methanolic extract of Polysiphonia morrowii using a cell-based assay measuring virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) on cells yielded a 90% methanolic fraction, which showed the highest antiviral activity against both viruses among fractions yielded from the extract. From the fraction, two bromophenols were isolated and identified as 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (1) and 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2) based on spectroscopic analyses. For both compounds, the concentrations to inhibit 50% of flounder spleen cell (FSP cell) proliferation (CC(50)) and each viral replication (EC(50)) were measured. In the pretreatment test, 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (1) and 3-bromo-4,5-dihy-droxybenzaldehyde (2) exhibited significant antiviral activities showing selective index values (SI = CC(50)/EC(50)) of 20 to 42 against both IHNV and IPNV. In direct virucidal test, 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (1) showed significant antiviral activités against both viruses while 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2) was significantly effective against only IHNV. Although antiviral efficacies of both compounds against IHNV and IPNV were lower than those of ribavirin used as a positive control, our findings suggested that the red alga Polysiphonia morrowii and isolated two bromophenols may have potential as a therapeutic agent against fish viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeun Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 550-749, Republic of Korea
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