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Kadsanit N, Worsawat P, Sakonsinsiri C, McElroy CR, Macquarrie D, Noppawan P, Hunt AJ. Sustainable methods for the carboxymethylation and methylation of ursolic acid with dimethyl carbonate under mild and acidic conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16921-16934. [PMID: 38799212 PMCID: PMC11124730 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a triterpene plant extract that exhibits significant potential as an anti-cancer, anti-tumour, and anti-inflammatory agent. Its direct use in the pharmaceutical industry is hampered by poor uptake of ursolic acid in the human body coupled with rapid metabolism causing a decrease in bioactivity. Modification of ursolic acid can overcome such issues, however, use of toxic reagents, unsustainable synthetic routes and poor reaction metrics have limited its potential. Herein, we demonstrate the first reported carboxymethylation and/or methylation of ursolic acid with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent and sustainable reagent under acidic conditions. The reaction of DMC with ursolic acid, in the presence of PTSA, ZnCl2, or H2SO4-SiO2 yielded the carboxymethylation product 3β-[[methoxy]carbonyl]oxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, the methylation product 3β-methoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid and the dehydration product urs-2,12-dien-28-oic acid. PTSA demonstrated high conversion and selectivity towards the previously unreported carboxymethylation of ursolic acid, while the application of formic acid in the system led to formylation of ursolic acid (3β-formylurs-12-en-28-oic acid) in quantitative yields via esterification, with DMC acting solely as a solvent. Meanwhile, the methylation product of ursolic acid, 3β-methoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, was successfully synthesised with FeCl3, demonstrating exceptional conversion and selectivity, >99% and 99%, respectively. Confirmed with the use of qualitative and quantitative green metrics, this result represents a significant improvement in conversion, selectivity, safety, and sustainability over previously reported methods of ursolic acid modification. It was demonstrated that these methods could be applied to other triterpenoids, including corosolic acid. The study also explored the potential pharmaceutical applications of ursolic acid, corosolic acid, and their derivatives, particularly in anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-tumour treatments, using molecular ADMET and docking methods. The methods developed in this work have led to the synthesis of novel molecules, thus creating opportunities for the future investigation of biological activity and the modification of a wide range of triterpenoids applying acidic DMC systems to deliver novel active pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Kadsanit
- Materials Chemistry Research Center (MCRC), Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Pattamabhorn Worsawat
- Materials Chemistry Research Center (MCRC), Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
| | - Con R McElroy
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Campus Lincoln LN6 7TS UK
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Duncan Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Pakin Noppawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University Maha Sarakham 44150 Thailand
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Materials Chemistry Research Center (MCRC), Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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Zhakipbekov K, Turgumbayeva A, Issayeva R, Kipchakbayeva A, Kadyrbayeva G, Tleubayeva M, Akhayeva T, Tastambek K, Sainova G, Serikbayeva E, Tolenova K, Makhatova B, Anarbayeva R, Shimirova Z, Tileuberdi Y. Antimicrobial and Other Biomedical Properties of Extracts from Plantago major, Plantaginaceae. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1092. [PMID: 37631007 PMCID: PMC10458736 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, many scientists and doctors have used various herbs to treat diseases. Conventional drugs often have side effects, and pathogens are becoming resistant to these types of drugs. In such circumstances, the study of traditional medicinal plants is an effective and logical strategy for finding new herbal medicines. One such herb is Plantago major, a perennial plant in the Plantaginaceae family that is found throughout the world. The Plantago major plant has been used as a medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Studies have shown that plant extracts of Plantago major exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects, and have wound-healing properties. This review collects and presents the results of various studies of Plantago major plant extracts with antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, which demonstrate a wide range of therapeutic possibilities of Plantago major plant extracts and have a huge potential for use as a medicinal raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Zhakipbekov
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (B.M.)
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.I.); (G.K.); (T.A.); (K.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Raushan Issayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.I.); (G.K.); (T.A.); (K.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Aliya Kipchakbayeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gulnara Kadyrbayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.I.); (G.K.); (T.A.); (K.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Meruyert Tleubayeva
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Tamila Akhayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.I.); (G.K.); (T.A.); (K.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Kuanysh Tastambek
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.I.); (G.K.); (T.A.); (K.T.); (K.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan 161200, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gaukhar Sainova
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan 161200, Kazakhstan;
| | - Elmira Serikbayeva
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Karakoz Tolenova
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (R.I.); (G.K.); (T.A.); (K.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Balzhan Makhatova
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Rabiga Anarbayeva
- Department of Drug Technology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (R.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhanar Shimirova
- Department of Drug Technology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (R.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yerbol Tileuberdi
- Institute of natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan;
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Triterpenoids of Three Apple Cultivars—Biosynthesis, Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Fate during Processing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062584. [PMID: 36985556 PMCID: PMC10058748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are a group of secondary plant metabolites, with a remarkable pharmacological potential, occurring in the cuticular waxes of the aerial parts of plants. The aim of this study was to analyze triterpenoid variability in the fruits and leaves of three apple cultivars during the growing season and gain new insights into their health-promoting properties and fate during juice and purée production. The identification and quantification of the compounds of interest were conducted using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The waxes of both matrices contained similar analytes; however, their quantitative patterns varied: triterpenic acids prevailed in the fruits, while higher contents of steroids and esterified forms were observed in the leaves. The total triterpenoid content per unit area was stable during the growing season; the percentage of esters increased in the later phases of growth. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated with a series of in vitro assays. Triterpenoids were found to be the main anti-inflammatory compounds in the apples, while their impact on antioxidant capacity was minor. The apples were processed on a lab scale to obtain juices and purées. The apple purée and cloudy juice contained only some of the triterpenoids present in the raw fruit, while the clear juices were virtually free of those lipophilic compounds.
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Turgumbayeva A, Zhakipbekov K, Shimirova Z, Akhelova S, Amirkhanova A, Koilybayeva M, Seitimova G, Abdambayev D. Study of phytochemical compounds of Plantago major leaves grown in Kazakhstan. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e96526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Plantago major have been used for centuries to treat diseases relating to skin, digestive organs and blood circulation like wounds, inflammation and hypertension. P. major leaves contain biologically active substance and naturally compounds such as essential oils, minerals and amino acids beside polysaccharides, lipids, caffeic acid and its derivatives, iridoid glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. This work carried out an examination of Plantago major leaves in terms of phytochemical composition of methanol extract. The leaves contents in chosen nutrients, specifically amino acids and minerals, are moreover depicted. Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry analysis identified the presence of 31 phytochemical compounds and a total amount of 20 amino acids (essential and nonessential) justifying its use as drugs and biological active supplements and its mineral content showed the presence of 7 essential chemical elements in Plantago major leaves. Nonetheless, additional research into this plant is needed because it has the potential to be used to development of new drugs and biological active supplements.
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Antiproliferative Activity of Buddleja saligna (Willd.) against Melanoma and In Vivo Modulation of Angiogenesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121497. [PMID: 36558948 PMCID: PMC9782150 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells secrete pro-angiogenic factors, which stimulates growth, proliferation and metastasis, and therefore are key therapeutic targets. Buddleja saligna (BS), and an isolated triterpenoid mixture (DT-BS-01) showed a fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 33.80 ± 1.02 and 5.45 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively, against melanoma cells (UCT-MEL-1) with selectivity index (SI) values of 1.64 and 5.06 compared to keratinocytes (HaCat). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition was observed with IC50 values of 35.06 ± 2.96 (BS) and 26.40 ± 4.19 µg/mL (DT-BS-01). BS (30 µg/mL) significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-6 (83.26 ± 17.60%) and IL-8 (100 ± 0.2%) production, whereas DT-BS-01 (5 µg/mL) showed 51.07 ± 2.83 (IL-6) and 0 ± 6.7% (IL-8) inhibition. Significant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition, by 15.84 ± 4.54 and 12.21 ± 3.48%, respectively, was observed. In the ex ovo chick embryo yolk sac membrane assay (YSM), BS (15 µg/egg) significantly reduced new blood vessel formation, with 53.34 ± 11.64% newly formed vessels. Silver and palladium BS nanoparticles displayed noteworthy SI values. This is the first report on the significant anti-angiogenic activity of BS and DT-BS-01 and should be considered for preclinical trials as there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs to inhibit angiogenesis in melanoma.
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Triastuti A, Pradana DA, Setiawan ID, Fakhrudin N, Himmi SK, Widyarini S, Rohman A. In vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Plantago major extract and fractions and analysis of their phytochemical components using a high-resolution mass spectrometry. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 17:665-676. [PMID: 36704431 PMCID: PMC9872180 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.359433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Plantago major has been applied as a herbal remedy for centuries. However, studies on anti-inflammatory activities and their chemical ingredients are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of P. major in three animal models and its phytochemical contents. Experimental approach Dichloromethane extract (DCM) of P. major was fractionated with n-hexane to yield the soluble (SHF) and insoluble (IHF) fractions. The anti-inflammatory activities of DCM, SHF, and IHF were evaluated using rat's paw edema induced by carrageenan, thioglycolate-induced leukocyte emigration in the mice, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by complete Freund's adjuvants in rats. The chemical constituents were analyzed using a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Findings / Results The DCM, SHF, and IHF inhibited paw edema in the rats and reduced the leukocyte migration in the mice. At dose 560 mg/kg, the percentage of inhibitory was 47.33%, 55.51%, and 46.61% for the DCM, IHF, and SHF, respectively. In the RA animal model, IHF at 280 and 560 mg/kg reduced osteoclast formation and COX-2 expression compared to diclofenac. Some compounds namely oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleamide identified in the DCM, IHF, and SHF may be responsible for these activities. Conclusion and implications This study showed that P. major has several in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asih Triastuti
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Herbal Research Center Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Corresponding author: A. Triastuti Tel: +62-274896439, Fax: +62-274896439
| | - Dimas Adhi Pradana
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iwang Davi Setiawan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Setiawan Khoirul Himmi
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sitarina Widyarini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Center of Excellence Institute of Halal Industry and Systems, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Ferreira AS, Macedo C, Silva AM, Delerue-Matos C, Costa P, Rodrigues F. Natural Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Mucositis-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084385. [PMID: 35457202 PMCID: PMC9030892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a major world public health problem, is associated with chemotherapy treatments whose administration leads to secondary concerns, such as oral mucositis (OM). The OM disorder is characterized by the presence of ulcers in the oral mucosa that cause pain, bleeding, and difficulty in ingesting fluids and solids, or speaking. Bioactive compounds from natural sources have arisen as an effective approach for OM. This review aims to summarize the new potential application of different natural products in the prevention and treatment of OM in comparison to conventional ones, also providing a deep insight into the most recent clinical studies. Natural products, such as Aloe vera, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Camellia sinensis, Calendula officinalis, or honeybee crops, constitute examples of sources of bioactive compounds with pharmacological interest due to their well-reported activities (e.g., antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or wound healing). These activities are associated with the bioactive compounds present in their matrix (such as flavonoids), which are associated with in vivo biological activities and minimal or absent toxicity. Finally, encapsulation has arisen as a future opportunity to preserve the chemical stability and the drug bioa vailability of bioactive compounds and, most importantly, to improve the buccal retention period and the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (C.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Catarina Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (C.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (C.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (C.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Paulo Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.F.); (C.M.); (A.M.S.); (C.D.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-83-40-500
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Khatun A, Rahman M, Nesa ML, Looi CY, Wong WF, Hazni H, bin Mahdzir MA, Uddin SJ, Awang K, Shilpi JA. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and NF-κB inhibitory activity of aerial parts of Cestrum diurnum. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-022-00340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cestrum diurnum L. (Solanaceae), locally known as buno-Hasnahena, is widely used in different traditional medicinal practices to treat pain, burn, swelling and related disorders. Adequate evidence is not available to support its medicinal properties for further use and drug development. Present study was designed to evaluate its traditional use in pain and inflammation with further characterisation of its chemical constituents through liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopic (LC-MS) analysis.
Methods
Antinociceptive and analgesic potential of methanol extract of the aerial parts of C. diurnum was carried out using carrageenan induced paw oedema and formalin induced paw licking test in mice at the oral doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Inhibition of the inflammatory mediator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was evaluated by tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induced NF-κB activation assay in macrophage cells at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. LC-MS analysis of the extract was performed to characterise the active component responsible for bioactivities.
Results
The extract significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) carrageenan induced paw oedema at both doses tested and the effect persisted throughout the entire experimental period of 3 h with the highest activity (50% inhibition) observed at 3rd h. Further, the extract significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) formalin induced paw licking both in the early and late phase at the aforementioned dose levels. The extract also downregulated the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in the TNF-α induced NF-κB activation assay. LC-MS analysis of the extract indicated the presence of some important secondary metabolites including nicotine, nornicotine, ursolic acid, vitamin D3 and its derivatives.
Conclusions
The results of this study supported the folkloric uses of the plant in pain and inflammations. The insights and observations suggest the action might involve downregulation of NF-κB p65 protein expression and/or inhibition of autacoids (histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin).
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Triastuti A, Pradana DA, Saputra DE, Lianika N, Wicaksono HR, Anisari TD, Widyarini S. Anti-rheumatoid activity of a hexane-insoluble fraction from Plantago major in female Wistar rats induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:219-224. [PMID: 35493315 PMCID: PMC9039107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Plantago major has long been used for medical purposes in Indonesia. However, reports on the anti-arthritic activities of P. major are limited. Experimental procedure The anti-arthritic properties of an n-hexane-insoluble fraction of dichloromethane extracts of P. major (IPM) were evaluated using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis induced in female Wistar rat by CFA. Diclofenac was used as a positive control. The volume of paw oedema, white blood cell count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, expression of TNF-α and Interleukin-6 and the histopathological features of the joint tissues were assessed to characterise IPM activity. Results The IPM extract at doses of 280 and 420 mg/kg BW and diclofenac inhibited paw oedema by 15.70 %, 15.94 % and 19.71 % respectively. IPM also reduced the incidence of arthritis and arthritic index. Unlike untreated rats, animals treated with IPM showed a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils and decreased expression of TNF-α and Interleukin-6. Histopathological examination showed a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and hyperplasia of the synovium after IPM treatment. Conclusion This study showed that P. major displays anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity. In Indonesia, P. major has long been used for medical purposes but the reports on the anti-arthritic activities are limited. IPM reduced the volume of oedema, the incidence of arthritis, and the arthritic index in rheumatoid arthritis rat model. IPM prevents the development of arthritis by decreasing inflammatory cells and the expression of TNF-α and IL-6.
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Cui J, Jia J. Natural COX-2 Inhibitors as Promising Anti-inflammatory Agents: An Update. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3622-3646. [PMID: 32942970 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200917150939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COX-2, a key enzyme that catalyzed the rate-limiting steps in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, played a pivotal role in the inflammatory process. Different from other family members, COX-2 was barely detectable in normal physiological conditions and highly inducible during the acute inflammatory response of human bodies to injuries or infections. Therefore, the therapeutic utilization of selective COX-2 inhibitors has already been considered as an effective approach for the treatment of inflammation with diminished side effects. Currently, both traditional and newer NSAIDs are the commonly prescribed medications that treat inflammatory diseases by targeting COX-2. However, due to the cardiovascular side-effects of the NSAIDs, finding reasonable alternatives for these frequently prescribed medicines are a hot spot in medicinal chemistry research. Naturallyoccurring compounds have been reported to inhibit COX-2, thereby possessing beneficial effects against inflammation and certain cell injury. The review mainly concentrated on recently identified natural products and derivatives as COX-2 inhibitors, the characteristics of their structural core scaffolds, their anti-inflammatory effects, molecular mechanisms for enzymatic inhibition, and related structure-activity relationships. According to the structural features, the natural COX-2 inhibitors were mainly divided into the following categories: natural phenols, flavonoids, stilbenes, terpenoids, quinones, and alkaloids. Apart from the anti-inflammatory activities, a few dietary COX-2 inhibitors from nature origin also exhibited chemopreventive effects by targeting COX-2-mediated carcinogenesis. The utilization of these natural remedies in future cancer prevention was also discussed. In all, the survey on the characterized COX-2 inhibitors from natural sources paves the way for the further development of more potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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11
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Wound healing effects of Plantago major extract and its chemical compounds in hyperglycemic rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang JZ, Chen XY, Wu YJ, Li LM, Huang L, Yin QZ, Luo P, Liu Y. Identification of Active Compounds From Yi Nationality Herbal Formula Wosi Influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:568585. [PMID: 33442381 PMCID: PMC7797783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi is used in China as a folk medicine to treat arthritis and related diseases. Despite its widespread use, the active ingredients, and pharmacological mechanisms are not performed. This is the first time to identify the active compounds from Wosi with the aim at providing the potential effect of Wosi and exploring its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism in monosodium urate crystals (MSU)-induced arthritis rats. In this study, anti-hyperuricemia effect was assessed by reducing the serum uric acid levels and increasing uric acid excretion in the urine for the hyperuricemia rat model. Wosi significantly suppressed the degree of joint swelling and improved the symptoms of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. The inhibition of IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6 secretion and IL-10 increase in the serum were also observed. This study also focuses on the screening of the main compounds from Wosi against cyclooxygenase for anti-inflammatory properties using molecular docking. The result showed 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]- oleanolic acid, 3-O-(β-D-pyran glucuronic acid)-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside, and 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside with a higher binding affinity for COX-2 than COX-1 which indicated relatively higher interaction than COX-1. The preferential selectivity toward inhibiting COX-2 enzyme over COX-1 of three compounds from Wosi were evaluated using in-vitro cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1/2) inhibition assays. Meanwhile, the down-regulated protein expression of COX-2 and VCAM-1 in synovial tissue sections from ankle joints of experiments rats were confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis after the Wosi treatment. In conclusion, three oleanolic acid glycosides were implied as mainly efficient compounds in Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi for arthritis therapy via selectively influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - You-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China
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Majkić T, Bekvalac K, Beara I. Plantain (Plantago L.) species as modulators of prostaglandin E 2 and thromboxane A 2 production in inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113140. [PMID: 32736048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Worldwide distributed plantains (genus Plantago L.) are extensively used in the traditional, but some of them are also accepted in the modern medicine. Wide range of usages is mainly connected to the inflammation processes. AIM OF THE STUDY To support usage of renowned P. lanceolata L. and P. major L., underinvestigated P. altissima L., P. argentea Chaix, P. holosteum Scop. and P. media L. methanol extracts, and their typical constituents (aucubin, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, chlorogenic and ursolic acid) in treatment of inflammation disorders, we conducted study on plantain potential to inhibit production of inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2). MATERIALS AND METHODS LPS-stimulated monocytes (U937 cell line) were used as a model-system to examine anti-inflammatory potential of plantains and their constituents. Produced PGE2 and TXA2 were quantified by LC-MS/MS; qPCR was applied to examine related gene (PLA2, COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1, mPGES-2, cPGES, TXAS) expression; LC-MS/MS and LC-UV/VIS techniques to analyze extracts composition. RESULTS In general, examined plantain extracts showed comparable inhibition activity of PGE2 and TXA2 production as aspirin at low-dose concentration. Underinvestigated P. altissima can be pointed out, since it exerted the strongest effect on both PGE2 production and related gene expression. Notable suppression of TXA2 production by P. lanceolata and P. major was observed. But, PCA analysis showed no obvious grouping, implicating that different mechanisms of action are responsible for each sample activity. In most cases, positive correlation was found between content of apigenin and ursolic acid and extracts suppression of PGE2 and TXA2 production and related genes expression. CONCLUSIONS P. altissima can be regarded as promising anti-inflammatory agent, while novel aspect of P. lanceolata and P. major application (anti-aggregation) can be suggested. P. argentea and P. media could be considered as a good source of ursolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Majkić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Kristina Bekvalac
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Beara
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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14
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Nguyen NH, Vo VG, Phan HVT, Ngo TT, Sichaem J, Nguyen TP, Nguyen HH, Pham DD, Nguyen TC, Nguyen VK, Duong TH. Design, modification of phyllanthone derivatives as anti-diabetic and cytotoxic agents. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:371-378. [PMID: 32608266 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1788023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Twelve benzylidene derivatives, one Baeyer-Villiger oxidative, six imine derivatives were successfully designed and synthesised from phyllanthone. In the search for potential new anti-diabetic agents, phyllanthone along with its benzylidene and oxidation analogues were evaluated for enzyme inhibition against α-glucosidase. In the benzylidene series, most analogues displayed stronger activity than the mother compound. Compound 1c revealed the strongest activity, outperforming the acarbose positive control with an IC50 value of 19.59 µM. Phyllanthone and its derivatives were then tested for cytotoxic activity against the K562 cell line. The imine analogues displayed the most powerful cytotoxic activity with 3cand 3d having IC50 values of 57.55 and 68.02 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Hong Nguyen
- CirTech Institute, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho ChiMinh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Giau Vo
- Department of BionanoTechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Thanh-The Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jirapast Sichaem
- Research Unit in Natural Products Chemistry and Bioactivities, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University Lampang Campus, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Thi-Phuong Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Hung Nguyen
- Faculty of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Dung Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tien-Cong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Kieu Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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15
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Moradi-Ozarlou M, Javanmardi S, Tayefi-Nasrabadi H. Antioxidant property of Plantago major leaf extracts reduces testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2020; 11:27-33. [PMID: 32537104 PMCID: PMC7282225 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.102182.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the protective effects of Plantago major L (PM) leaf extracts on the testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D)-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Twenty-four mature male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: Sham (sham-operated rats; all the surgical steps were performed but T/D was not induced), TDC (Control group; T/D was induced and the right testicular torsion of 720° lasting two hours was followed by detorsion), TDP50 (T/D-operated rats received 50.00 mg kg-1 of PM extract daily for seven days intraperitoneally after detorsion) and TDP100 (T/D-operated rats received 100 mg kg-1 of PM extract daily for seven days intraperitoneally after detorsion). After seven days of treatment, the right testicles were collected. Histopathological and biochemical analyses including levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) and peroxidase activities were determined in testicular tissues of the rats. Tissue sections were taken from testis, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was done, and the slides were examined by a light microscope. The level of MDA was significantly increased in the testes of the TDC group. The CAT activity levels were decreased significantly after I/R. The post-torsion treatment with PM, particularly at 100 mg kg-1, prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation and reduced the CAT activity levels. The PM also prevented I/R-induced cellular damage and histological changes in the testicular tissues. According to the results of the current study, PM leaf extracts had significant positive effects on the testicular T/D-induced I/R injury. The possible mechanism of reduction in biochemical and histological injuries by PM extracts could be due to antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moradi-Ozarlou
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Sara Javanmardi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Hossein Tayefi-Nasrabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Rai SN, Zahra W, Singh SS, Birla H, Keswani C, Dilnashin H, Rathore AS, Singh R, Singh RK, Singh SP. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ursolic Acid in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:452-462. [PMID: 31016688 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and hence may represent a target for treatment. The drugs used currently for PD only provide symptomatic relief and have adverse effects in addition to their inability in preventing degeneration of neurons. Flavonoids show potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which is very valuable for the health of human beings. Thus, in the present study, we have tried to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of orally given ursolic acid (UA) (25 mg/kg bwt), a pentacyclic triterpenoid in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mouse model. Significant severe oxidative stress and biochemical alterations have been seen in Parkinsonian mice after MPTP intoxication. Whereas, UA administration has significantly rescued the harmful consequence of MPTP intoxication. Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) were seen to be altered in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of MPTP-intoxicated mice through immunohistochemical studies. The changes in the expression level of these parameters primarily suggest increased inflammatory responses in MPTP-intoxicated mice as compared with the control. However, UA have significantly reduced these inflammatory parameters (Iba1 and TNF-α) along with transcription factor NF-κB, which regulates these inflammatory parameters and thus have inhibited MPTP-induced neuroinflammation. The immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was considerably increased by UA treatment in the SNpc of Parkinsonian mice. The neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration along with impairments in biochemical and behavioral parameters were found to be reversed on treatment with UA. Thus, UA has shown potent anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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17
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Dhouibi R, Moalla D, Ksouda K, Ben Salem M, Hammami S, Sahnoun Z, Zeghal KM, Affes H. Screening of analgesic activity of Tunisian Urtica dioica and analysis of its major bioactive compounds by GCMS. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:335-343. [PMID: 29157001 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1402352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic properties of Urtica dioica (UD) and to profile phytochemicals by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The ethanolic extracts were prepared by maceration method and extraction using rotary evaporator. The analgesic activity was analysed by hot plate method, formalin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test and the tail-flick test with different doses of the ethanolic extract. In all tests, the leaf's ethanolic extract exhibited significant analgesic activity (p < .001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Even with a low dose, we noticed an analgesic activity with many tests. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of leaf revealed many compounds; 2-methyltetradecane dodecane, 2,6,11-trimethyl-; 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane, and trimethylhexane which are pharmaceutically the most important. These findings justify that UD can be a valuable natural analgesic source which seemed to provide potential phototherapeutics against various ailments. The analysis of ethanolic extract of UD by GCMS revealed the presence of several compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenes which can explain the analgesic effect of UD and its mechanism of action. Hence, UD could be another therapeutic alternative for relieving pain and for minimising the use of drugs that have long-term secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouia Dhouibi
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Moalla
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Kamilia Ksouda
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Maryem Ben Salem
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Serria Hammami
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- b Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Khaled Mounir Zeghal
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hanen Affes
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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18
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Okokon JE, Augustine NB, Mohanakrishnan D. Antimalarial, antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of root extract of Alchornea laxiflora. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1022-1031. [PMID: 28183236 PMCID: PMC6130711 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax. & Hoffman (Euphorbiaceae) root decoctions are traditionally used in the treatment of malaria and pain in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE To assess the antimalarial, antiplasmodial and analgesic potentials of root extract and fractions against malarial infections and chemically-induced pains. MATERIAL AND METHODS The root extract and fractions of Alchornea laxiflora were investigated for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice, antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive (Pf 3D7) and resistant (Pf INDO) strains of Plasmodium falciparum using SYBR green assay method and analgesic activity against experimentally-induced pain models. Acute toxicity study of the extract, cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells and GCMS analysis of the active fraction were carried out. RESULTS The root extract (75-225 mg/kg, p.o.) with LD50 of 748.33 mg/kg exerted significant (p < 0.05-0.001) antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection in suppressive, prophylactive and curative tests. The root extract and fractions also exerted moderate activity against chloroquine sensitive (Pf 3D7) and resistant (Pf INDO) strains of P. falciparum with the ethyl acetate fraction exerting the highest activity with IC50 value of 38.44 ± 0.89 μg/mL (Pf 3D7) and 40.17 ± 0.78 μg/mL (Pf INDO). The crude extract was not cytotoxic to HeLa cells with LC50 value >100 μg/mL. The crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction exerted significant (p < 0.05-0.001) analgesic activity in all pain models used. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the root extract/fractions of A. laxiflora possess antimalarial, antiplasmodial and analgesic potentials and these justify its use in ethnomedicine to treat malaria and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E. Okokon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dinesh Mohanakrishnan
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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19
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Adom MB, Taher M, Mutalabisin MF, Amri MS, Abdul Kudos MB, Wan Sulaiman MWA, Sengupta P, Susanti D. Chemical constituents and medical benefits of Plantago major. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:348-360. [PMID: 29028587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal benefits of Plantago major have been acknowledged around the world for hundreds of years. This plant contains a number of effective chemical constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic acid derivatives, iridoid glycosides, fatty acids, polysaccharides and vitamins which contribute to its exerting specific therapeutic effects. Correspondingly, studies have found that Plantago major is effective as a wound healer, as well as an antiulcerative, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial, and antiviral agent. It also combats fatigue and cancer, is an antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. This paper provides a review of the medicinal benefits and chemical constituents of Plantago major published in journals from year 1937 to 2015 which are available from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bahrain Adom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fathiy Mutalabisin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Shahreen Amri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Badri Abdul Kudos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Wan Azizi Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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20
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Kartini, Piyaviriyakul S, Thongpraditchote S, Siripong P, Vallisuta O. Effects of Plantago major Extracts and Its Chemical Compounds on Proliferation of Cancer Cells and Cytokines Production of Lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 Macrophages. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:393-399. [PMID: 28839362 PMCID: PMC5551355 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_406_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantago major has been reported to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Moreover, which plant parts are more suitable as starting materials has not been explored. OBJECTIVES To investigate the antiproliferative activity of P. major extracts against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLaS3, A549, and KB cancer cell lines as well as their effects on inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and interferon [IFN]-γ) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major from different plant parts and its chemical compounds, i.e., ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), and aucubin were tested in this experiment. RESULTS Methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major seeds exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity. The methanol extracts of seeds also demonstrated the highest inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ production. Interestingly, the roots, which were commonly discarded, exhibited comparable activities to those of leaves and petioles. Furthermore, UA exhibited stronger activities than OA and aucubin. CONCLUSIONS The seeds are being proposed as the main source for further development of anticancer and anti-inflammatory products, whereas the roots could be included in the preparation of P. major derived products with respect to anti-inflammatory. SUMMARY Amongst the parts of Plantago major, seeds exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLaS3, A549, and KB cell lines as well as the highest inhibition on TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ productionThe roots, which were commonly discarded, exhibited comparable antiproliferative and cytokines inhibition activities to those of leaves and petiolesUrsolic acid, a chemical compound of Plantago major, exhibited stronger activities than oleanolic acid and aucubinThe seeds are being proposed as the main source for further development of anticancer and anti inflammatory products, whereas the roots could be included in the preparation of Plantago major derived products with respect to anti inflammatory. Abbreviations used: TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; IL: Interleukin; IFN: Interferon; HPTLC: High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography; UA: Ursolic Acid; OA: Oleanolic Acid; AUC: Aucubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartini
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia
| | - Suratsawadee Piyaviriyakul
- Research Division, Natural Products Research Section, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Pongpun Siripong
- Research Division, Natural Products Research Section, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Omboon Vallisuta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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21
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Fakhrudin N, Dwi Astuti E, Sulistyawati R, Santosa D, Susandarini R, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. n-Hexane Insoluble Fraction of Plantago lanceolata Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Mice by Inhibiting Cyclooxygenase-2 and Reducing Chemokines Levels. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:scipharm85010012. [PMID: 28335408 PMCID: PMC5388149 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the progression of many disorders, such as tumors, arthritis, gastritis, and atherosclerosis. Thus, the development of new agents targeting inflammation is still challenging. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally to treat various diseases including inflammation. A previous study has indicated that dichloromethane extract of P. lanceolata leaves exerts anti-inflammatory activity in an in vitro model. Here, we examined the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a n-hexane insoluble fraction of P. lanceolata leaves dichloromethane extract (HIFPL). We first evaluated its potency to reduce paw edema induced by carrageenan, and the expression of the proinflammatory enzyme, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, in mice. The efficacy of HIFPL to inhibit COX-2 was also evaluated in an in vitro enzymatic assay. We further studied the effect of HIFPL on leukocytes migration in mice induced by thioglycollate. The level of chemokines facilitating the migration of leukocytes was also measured. We found that HIFPL (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities in mice. The HIFPL reduced the volume of paw edema and COX-2 expression. However, HIFPL acts as an unselective COX-2 inhibitor as it inhibited COX-1 with a slightly higher potency. Interestingly, HIFPL strongly inhibited leukocyte migration by reducing the level of chemokines, Interleukine-8 (IL-8) and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanang Fakhrudin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Center for Natural Antiinfective Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Eny Dwi Astuti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Rini Sulistyawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Akademi Analis Farmasi Al Islam Yogyakarta, Gedongkiwo, Mantrijeron, Yogyakarta 55142, Indonesia.
| | - Djoko Santosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Center for Natural Antiinfective Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Ratna Susandarini
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Subagus Wahyuono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Center for Natural Antiinfective Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
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The genus Rosa and arthritis: Overview on pharmacological perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:219-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bhat RA, Lingaraju MC, Pathak NN, Kalra J, Kumar D, Kumar D, Tandan SK. Effect of ursolic acid in attenuating chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:517-528. [PMID: 27414466 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA; 3b-hydroxy-12-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, has been known to possess potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antinociceptive effects in various animal models. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the antihyperalgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of UA at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of doses via per os (p.o.) route for 14 days in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Pain behavior in rats was evaluated before and after UA administration via mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. CCI caused significant increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxido-nitrosative stress. In addition, significant increase in myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide (NO), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in sciatic nerve and spinal cord concomitant with mechanical and heat hyperalgesia is also noted for CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Administration of UA significantly reduced the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TOS. Further, reduced glutathione is also restored by UA. UA also showed in vitro NO and superoxide radical scavenging activity. UA has a potential in attenuating neuropathic pain behavior in CCI model which may possibly be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia A Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Madhu C Lingaraju
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Nitya N Pathak
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Jaspreet Kalra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
| | - Surendra K Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, UP, India
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Atarzadeh F, Nimrouzi M, Amin G. Blistering disease in viewpoint of Avicenna. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2016; 14:412-414. [PMID: 27854192 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Atarzadeh
- Department of Traditional Iranian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14162002000, Iran
| | - Majid Nimrouzi
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14162002000, Iran
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Gao Z, Zhang L, Kong L, Yang Y, Pu D, Gao J, Shang S, Li Y, Xiao W. Four New Minor Compounds from Seeds of Plantago asiatica. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new compounds, a dibenzylbutane lignin, plasiaticine F (1), an acetylenic glycoside, plasiaticine G (2), an indole alkaloid, plasiaticine H (3), and an ionone derivative, plasiaticine I (4), were isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1–3 were tested for their cytotoxicity, but lacked significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Debing Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanzhai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Jamal M, Imam SS, Aqil M, Amir M, Mir SR, Mujeeb M. Transdermal potential and anti-arthritic efficacy of ursolic acid from niosomal gel systems. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:361-369. [PMID: 26545446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to optimize niosomes by experimental design for enhanced transdermal delivery of ursolic acid for the effective treatment of arthritis. The experimental design (3 factor 3 levels, Box-Behnken design) was used to study individual and combined effects of different formulation variables. The variables cholesterol (X1), span 60 (X2) and phospholipid (X3) were taken as independent factors and their effect was observed on size (Y1) entrapment efficiency (Y2), and transflux (Y3). The formulation composition with span 60 (85mg), cholesterol (12.3mg), and phospholipid (65mg) was found to fulfil requisites of optimized ursolic acid niosome formulation (URNF). URNF had shown vesicle size of 665.45nm, entrapment efficiency of 92.74% with transflux of 17.25μg/cm(2)/h. The in vivo bioactivity showed that the prepared URNF-gel was able to provide good anti-arthritic activity due to enhanced permeation of UA through the skin and results were found to be comparable to standard gel (Omni gel). The radiographical image confirmed that, the developed URNF-gel was found to be effective to treat arthritis. Thus niosomal gel of ursolic acid would be a promising alternative to conventional therapy for safe and efficient treatment of arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvish Jamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohd Amir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaukat R Mir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India.
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Woźniak Ł, Skąpska S, Marszałek K. Ursolic Acid--A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid with a Wide Spectrum of Pharmacological Activities. Molecules 2015; 20:20614-41. [PMID: 26610440 PMCID: PMC6332387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural terpene compound exhibiting many pharmaceutical properties. In this review the current state of knowledge about the health-promoting properties of this widespread, biologically active compound, as well as information about its occurrence and biosynthesis are presented. Particular attention has been paid to the application of ursolic acid as an anti-cancer agent; it is worth noticing that clinical tests suggesting the possibility of practical use of UA have already been conducted. Amongst other pharmacological properties of UA one can mention protective effect on lungs, kidneys, liver and brain, anti-inflammatory properties, anabolic effects on skeletal muscles and the ability to suppress bone density loss leading to osteoporosis. Ursolic acid also exhibits anti-microbial features against numerous strains of bacteria, HIV and HCV viruses and Plasmodium protozoa causing malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Woźniak
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Skąpska
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
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Karadeniz A, Alexie G, Greten HJ, Andersch K, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of medicinal plants of the West-Canadian Gwich׳in Native Americans towards sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:191-200. [PMID: 25839116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicine of the Native Americans has a long tradition of medicinal plants, which also influenced modern oncology. For instance, podophyllotoxin the active ingredient of Podophyllum peltatum L. (Berberidaceae) used by Native Americans to treat warts led to the development of etoposide and teniposide. In the present investigation, we studied 10 medicinal plants used by the Gwich׳in First Nation of West-Canada, which have been used against diverse diseases including cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cell lines expressing various ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (P-glycoprotein/ABCB1/MDR1, MRP1/ABCC1, or BCRP/ABCG2) have been used. Cytotoxicity was determined by the resazurin assay. RESULTS Arctium minus Bernh. (Asteraceae). Lysichiton americanus Hultén & St. John (Araceae), and Maianthemum dilatatum (Alph.Wood) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.(Asparagaceae) were cytotoxic with IC50 values ranging from 2.40 to 86.35 µg/mL. The MDR cell lines did not exert cross-resistance to these extracts. CONCLUSION As these medicinal plants of the West-Canadian Gwich׳in First Nation were not involved in classical drug resistance mechanisms and might therefore be valuable to bypass anticancer drug resistance in refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Karadeniz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Biology Department, Burdur, Turkey
| | | | - Henry Johannes Greten
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Portugal; Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Andersch
- Wilderness International, Dresden, Germany; Wilderness International, Stony Plain, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Alvarado HL, Abrego G, Souto EB, Garduño-Ramirez ML, Clares B, García ML, Calpena AC. Nanoemulsions for dermal controlled release of oleanolic and ursolic acids: In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo characterization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 130:40-7. [PMID: 25899842 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to design and optimize a nanoemulsion for dermal administration of mixtures of natural or synthetic pentacyclic triterpenes with recognized anti-inflammatory activity. The composition of the developed nanoemulsions was obtained from pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, composed of castor oil as the oil phase, labrasol as the surfactant, transcutol-P as co-surfactant and propylene glycol as the aqueous phase. Different ratios of surfactant/co-surfactant mixture (Smix) (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4) were produced, and Smix 4:1 was chosen based on the greater area of optimal nanoemulsion conditions. Two different nanoemulsions of mean droplet size below 600 nm were produced, loading mixtures of natural or synthetic pentacyclic triterpenes, respectively. The viscosity of nanoemulsion containing natural pentacyclic triterpenes was 51.97±4.57 mPas and that loaded with synthetic mixtures was 55.33±0.28 mPas. The studies of release and skin permeation were performed using Franz diffusion cells, adjusting the release kinetics of both formulations to Korsmeyer-Peppas model. No significant differences in permeation parameters between the two nanoemulsions were observed. The amount of drug retained in the skin was higher than the amount of drug that has permeated, favoring a local action. The results of the in vivo tests demonstrated that the developed formulations were not toxic and not irritant to the skin. The formulation loading a mixture of natural triterpenes showed greater ability to inhibit inflammation than that loading the synthetic mixture. The findings clearly corroborate the added value of o/w nanoemulsions for dermal delivery of pentacyclic triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Alvarado
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Abrego
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC-IBILI), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - M L Garduño-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - B Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M L García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A C Calpena
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Gabás-Rivera C, Martínez-Beamonte R, Ríos JL, Navarro MA, Surra JC, Arnal C, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Osada J. Dietary oleanolic acid mediates circadian clock gene expression in liver independently of diet and animal model but requires apolipoprotein A1. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2100-9. [PMID: 24231102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is a triterpene widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and present in virgin olive oil at a concentration of 57 mg/kg. To test the hypotheses that its long-term administration could modify hepatic gene expression in several animal models and that this could be influenced by the presence of APOA1-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), diets including 0.01% oleanolic acid were provided to Apoe- and Apoa1-deficient mice and F344 rats. Hepatic transcriptome was analyzed in Apoe-deficient mice fed long-term semipurified Western diets differing in the oleanolic acid content. Gene expression changes, confirmed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were sought for their implication in hepatic steatosis. To establish the effect of oleanolic acid independently of diet and animal model, male rats were fed chow diet with or without oleanolic acid, and to test the influence of HDL, Apoa1-deficient mice consuming the latter diet were used. In Apoe-deficient mice, oleanolic acid intake increased hepatic area occupied by lipid droplets with no change in oxidative stress. Bmal1 and the other core component of the circadian clock, Clock, together with Elovl3, Tubb2a and Cldn1 expressions, were significantly increased, while Amy2a5, Usp2, Per3 and Thrsp were significantly decreased in mice receiving the compound. Bmal1 and Cldn1 expressions were positively associated with lipid droplets. Increased Clock and Bmal1 expressions were also observed in rats, but not in Apoa1-deficient mice. The core liver clock components Clock-Bmal1 are a target of oleanolic acid in two animal models independently of the diets provided, and this compound requires APOA1-HDL for its hepatic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gabás-Rivera
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Okokon JE, Okokon PJ, Dar Farooq A, Choudhary MI. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Homalium letestui. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1459-1466. [PMID: 23862982 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.799707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Homalium letestui Pellegr (Flacourtiaceae) is used in various decoctions traditionally by the Ibibios of the Niger Delta of Nigeria to treat stomach ulcer, malaria and other inflammatory diseases, as well as an aphrodisiac. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the stem extract of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol stem extract (500, 750, 1000 mg/kg, i.p.) of H. letestui was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan, egg albumin-induced and xylene-induced ear edema models and analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and thermal-induced pain models. The ethanol extract was administered to the animals orally, 30 min to 1 h depending on the model, before induction of inflammation/pain. The LD50 was also determined. GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane fraction was carried out. RESULTS The extract caused a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) reduction of inflammation induced by carrageenan (8.3-70.0%), egg albumin (10.0-71.42%) and xylene (39.39-84.84%). The extract also reduced significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) pain induced by acetic acid (44.22-73.65%), formalin (55.89-79.21%) and hot plate (93.0-214.5%). The LD50 was determined to be 4.38 ± 35.72 g/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the ethanol stem extract of H. letestui possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant as revealed by the GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Okokon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo , Uyo , Nigeria and
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Stenholm A, Göransson U, Bohlin L. Bioassay-guided supercritical fluid extraction of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibiting substances in Plantago major L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:176-183. [PMID: 22991332 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selective extraction of plant materials is advantageous for obtaining extracts enriched with desired constituents, thereby reducing the need for subsequent chromatography purification. Such compounds include three cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory substances in Plantago major L. targeted in this investigation: α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) (18:3 ω-3) and the triterpenic acids ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. OBJECTIVE To investigate the scope for tuning the selectivity of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using bioassay guidance, and Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane as solvent as a reference technique, to optimise yields of these substances. METHOD Extraction parameters were varied to optimise extracts' COX-2/COX-1 inhibitory effect ratios. The crude extracts were purified initially using a solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up procedure and the target compounds were identified with GC-MS, LC-ESI-MS and LC-ESI-MS² using GC-FID for quantification. RESULTS α-LNA was preferentially extracted in dynamic mode using unmodified carbon dioxide at 40°C and 172 bar, at a 0.04% (w/w) yield with a COX-2/COX-1 inhibitory effect ratio of 1.5. Ursolic and oleanolic acids were dynamically extracted at 0.25% and 0.06% yields, respectively, with no traces of (α-LNA) and a COX-2/COX-1-inhibitory effect ratio of 1.1 using 10% (v/v) ethanol as polar modifier at 75°C and 483 bar. The Soxhlet extracts had ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and αLNA yields up to 1.36%, 0.34% and 0.15%, respectively, with a COX-2/COX-1 inhibitory effect ratio of 1.2. CONCLUSION The target substances can be extracted selectively by bioassay guided optimisation of SFE conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stenholm
- High Throughput and Analysis, R&D, GE Healthcare, Björkgatan 30, S-751 84 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gao ZH, Kong LM, Zou XS, Shi YM, Shang SZ, Luo HR, Liang CQ, Li XN, Li Y, Du X, Xiao WL, Sun HD. Four new indole alkaloids from Plantago asiatica. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2:249-254. [PMCID: PMC4131610 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Four new indole alkaloids, plasiaticines A-D (1–4), together with two known ones, were isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity, and all compounds except 4 were tested for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ling-Mei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Xi-Sheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shan-Zhai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Cheng-Qin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Xue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
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Thomé RG, Santos HBD, Santos FVD, Oliveira RJDS, De Camargos LF, Pereira MN, Longatti TR, Souto CM, Franco CS, De Oliveira Aquino Schüffner R, Ribeiro RIMA. Evaluation of healing wound and genotoxicity potentials from extracts hydroalcoholic of Plantago major and Siparuna guianensis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1379-86. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the large use of the Plantago major and Siparuna guianensis in traditional medicine, there are no studies demonstrating the effectiveness from extracts of these plants in the healing process by the present methodology. This study reported the effects and toxicity of the P. major and S. guianensis extracts in the wound healing compared with a commercial product used in Brazil by macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Following injury in cervical dorsal area of the mice, the extract from P. major and S. guianensis and ointment was applied after an injury in cervical dorsal area of the mice. Wound healing rates were calculated at 4, 9, 15 and 21 d after the wounding, and tissues were obtained on the ninth day for histological analysis. Moreover, mutagenic assay of extracts was performed. Mutagenicity studies carried out with plant extracts showed not mutagenic with or without metabolic activations. Reduction of the wound area occurred earlier in mice treated with P. major and control treatment. On the 15th day, the complete wound closure occurred in P. major-treated wounds. Throughout ointment and S. guianensis treatment it was not observed the wound closured. Microscopic analyses of the wound, on the ninth day, showed the more efficient formation of the neoepithelium and skin appendages in animals treated with S. guianensis and P. major, while ointment treatment presented no re-epithelialization and absent skin appendages in wound. Thus, P. major extract showed good effects on wound healing processes rendering it a promising candidate for the treatment of wounds what also justified its traditional usage in wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Lab of Tissue Processing, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - HéLio Batista Dos Santos
- Lab of Tissue Processing, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vieira Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato José Da Silva Oliveira
- Lab of Cell Culture, Molecular Oncology Research Center of the Barretos Cancer Hospital, Brazil. Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, CEP 14.780-000, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando De Camargos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nunes Pereira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamara Ribeiro Longatti
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cássio Martins Souto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlaile Soares Franco
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raissa De Oliveira Aquino Schüffner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosy Iara Maciel Azambuja Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei., Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour CEP 35.501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bag P, Chattopadhyay D, Mukherjee H, Ojha D, Mandal N, Sarkar MC, Chatterjee T, Das G, Chakraborti S. Anti-herpes virus activities of bioactive fraction and isolated pure constituent of Mallotus peltatus: an ethnomedicine from Andaman Islands. Virol J 2012; 9:98. [PMID: 22624581 PMCID: PMC3430555 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections, particularly the infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), represent one of the most serious public health concerns globally because of their devastating impact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral potential of methanolic crude extract of an ethnomedicine Mallotus peltatus, its active fraction and pure compound, against HSV-1 F and HSV-2 G. RESULT The cytotoxicity (CC(50), the concentration of 50% cellular toxicity), antiviral effective concentration (EC(50), the concentration required to achieve 50% protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect), plaque reduction and the selectivity index (SI, the ratio of CC(50) and EC(50)) was determined. Results showed that the crude methanolic extract of M. peltatus possessed weak anti-HSV activity. In contrast, the active fraction A and isolated ursolic acid from fraction A exhibited potent antiherpesvirus activity against both HSV-1 (EC(50)= 7.8 and 5.5 μg/ml; SI = 22.3 and 20) and HSV-2 (EC(50)= 8.2 and 5.8 μg/ml, and SI = 21.2 and 18.97). The fraction A and isolated ursolic acid (10 μg/ml) inhibited plaque formation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 at more than 80% levels, with a dose dependent antiviral activity, compared to acyclovir. The time response study revealed that the anti-HSV activity of fraction A and isolated ursolic acid is highest at 2-5 h post-infection. Moreover, the time kinetics study by indirect immunofluorescence assay showed a characteristic pattern of small foci of single fluorescent cells in fraction A- treated virus infected cells at 2 h and 4 h post-infection, suggesting drug inhibited viral dissemination. Further, the PCR study with infected cell cultures treated with fraction A and isolated ursolic acid at various time intervals, failed to show amplification at 48-72 h, like acyclovir treated HSV-infected cells. Moreover, fraction A or isolated ursolic acid showed no interaction in combination with acyclovir. CONCLUSION This study revealed that bioactive fraction A and isolated ursolic acid of M. peltatus has good anti-HSV activity, probably by inhibiting the early stage of multiplication (post-infection of 0-5 h), with SI value of 20, suggesting its potential use as anti-HSV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Bag
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, First floor, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, First floor, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Hemanta Mukherjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, First floor, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Durbadal Ojha
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, First floor, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Nilanjan Mandal
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, First floor, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Mamta Chawla Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sekhar Chakraborti
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, General Block 4, First floor, 57 Dr Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Checker R, Sandur SK, Sharma D, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Kohli V, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB, Sainis KB. Potent anti-inflammatory activity of ursolic acid, a triterpenoid antioxidant, is mediated through suppression of NF-κB, AP-1 and NF-AT. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31318. [PMID: 22363615 PMCID: PMC3282718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, is the major component of many plants including apples, basil, cranberries, peppermint, rosemary, oregano and prunes and has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-tumor properties. These properties of UA have been attributed to its ability to suppress NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation. Since NF-κB, in co-ordination with NF-AT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) and AP-1(activator protein-1), is known to regulate inflammatory genes, we hypothesized that UA might exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The anti-inflammatory effects of UA were assessed in activated T cells, B cells and macrophages. Effects of UA on ERK, JNK, NF-κB, AP-1 and NF-AT were studied to elucidate its mechanism of action. In vivo efficacy of UA was studied using mouse model of graft-versus-host disease. UA inhibited activation, proliferation and cytokine secretion in T cells, B cells and macrophages. UA inhibited mitogen-induced up-regulation of activation markers and co-stimulatory molecules in T and B cells. It inhibited mitogen-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK and suppressed the activation of immunoregulatory transcription factors NF-κB, NF-AT and AP-1 in lymphocytes. Treatment of cells with UA prior to allogenic transplantation significantly delayed induction of acute graft-versus-host disease in mice and also significantly reduced the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ. UA treatment inhibited T cell activation even when added post-mitogenic stimulation demonstrating its therapeutic utility as an anti-inflammatory agent. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present study describes the detailed mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of UA. Further, UA may find application in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K. Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Raghavendra S. Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - S. Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vineet Kohli
- Medical Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Krishna B. Sainis
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Liao CR, Chang YS, Peng WH, Lai SC, Ho YL. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:581-97. [PMID: 22745072 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated possible mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from the leaf of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. (EO(MeOH)). EO(MeOH) was evaluated for its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, and anti-inflammatory effect was examined by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema assay. We detected the activities of GPx, GRd and SOD in the liver, and the levels of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, MDA and NO in the edema paw to investigate the mechanism of action against inflammation. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents of EO(MeOH) were detected to explore its antioxidant activities. Results showed that, in the analgesic test, EO(MeOH) decreased acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, EO(MeOH) decreased paw edema at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan had been injected. EO(MeOH) increased the activities of SOD and GPx in liver tissue and decreased MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in paw edema tissue at the 3rd h after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammatory reaction. EO(MeOH) exhibited abundant polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents. In HPLC fingerprint test of EO(MeOH), two index ingredients, ursolic acid and pomolic acid, were isolated from EO(MeOH) and were exhibited in HPLC chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EO(MeOH). It was indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EO(MeOH) may be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. Additionally, EO(MeOH) decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in the edema paw. The results suggested its value in future development of herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ren Liao
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Salvador JAR, Moreira VM, Pinto RMA, Leal AS, Le Roux C. Bismuth(III) Triflate-Based Catalytic Direct Opening of Oleanolic Hydroxy-γ-lactones to Afford 12-Oxo-28-carboxylic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sultana N. Clinically useful anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle agent, ursolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important natural product. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:616-42. [PMID: 21417964 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.546793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are becoming an important research area for novel and bioactive molecules for drug discovery. Novel therapeutic strategies and agents are urgently needed to treat different incurable diseases. Many plant derived active compounds are in human clinical trials. Currently ursolic acid is in human clinical trial for treating cancer, tumor, and skin wrinkles. This review includes the clinical use of ursolic acid in various diseases including anticancer, antitumor, and antiwrinkle chemotherapies, and the isolation and purification of this tritepernoid from various plants to update current knowledge on the rapid analysis of ursolic acid by using analytical methods. In addition, the chemical modifications of ursolic acid to make more effective and water soluble derivatives, previous and current information regarding, its natural and semisynthetic analogs, focusing on its anticancer, cytotoxic, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, acetyl cholinesterase, α-glucosidase, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities, briefly discussion is attempted here for its research perspectives. This review article contains fourteen medicinally important ursolic acid derivatives and 351 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Kuttan G, Pratheeshkumar P, Manu KA, Kuttan R. Inhibition of tumor progression by naturally occurring terpenoids. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:995-1007. [PMID: 21936626 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.559476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cancer is a major public health problem in India and many other parts of the world. Its two main characteristics are uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis. Natural products represent a rich source of compounds that have found many applications in various fields of medicines and therapy including cancer therapy. Effective ingredients in several plant-derived medicinal extracts are terpenoid compounds and many terpenes have biological activities and are used for the treatment of human diseases. OBJECTIVES This review attempted to collect all available published scientific literature of eight naturally occurring terpenoids and their effect on inhibition of tumor progression. METHODS The present review is about eight potent naturally occurring terpenoids that have been studied for their pharmacological properties in our lab and this review includes 130 references compiled from all major databases. RESULTS Literature survey revealed that triterpenoids, such as glycyrrhizic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and nomilin, the diterpene andrographolide, and the monoterpenoids like limonene and perillic acid had shown immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. All of them could induce apoptosis in various cancer cells by activating various proapoptotic signaling cascades. Many of these terpenoids found to inhibit metastatic progression and tumor-induced angiogenesis. The molecular mechanisms that involved in these activities include inhibition of various oncogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways and suppression or nuclear translocation of various transcription factors including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). CONCLUSION The chemopreventive and chemoprotective effects of these compounds point toward their possible role in modern anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Kuttan
- Department of Immunology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
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Türel I, Ozbek H, Erten R, Oner AC, Cengiz N, Yilmaz O. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of Plantago major L. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 41:120-4. [PMID: 20442819 PMCID: PMC2861812 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.55211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Plantago major L. (PM). Materials and Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity: Control and reference groups were administered isotonic saline solution (ISS) and indomethacin, respectively. Plantago major groups were injected PM in doses of 5 mg/kg (PM-I), 10 mg/kg (PM-II), 20 mg/kg (PM-III) and 25 mg/kg (PM-IV). Before and three hours after the injections, the volume of right hind-paw of rats was measured using a plethysmometer. Hepatoprotective Activity: The hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Control, CCl4 and reference groups received isotonic saline solution, CCl4 and silibinin, respectively. Plantago major groups received CCl4 (0.8 ml/kg) and PM in doses of 10, 20 and 25 mg/kg, respectively for seven days. Blood samples and liver were collected on the 8th day after the animals were killed. Results: Plantago major had an anti-inflammatory effect matching to that of control group at doses of 20 and 25 mg/kg. It was found that reduction in the inflammation was 90.01% with indomethacin, 3.10% with PM-I, 41.56% with PM-II, 45.87% with PM-III and 49.76% with PM-IV. Median effective dose (ED50) value of PM was found to be 7.507 mg/kg. Plantago major (25 mg/kg) significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels when compared to the CCl4 group. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the PM (25 mg/kg) and CCl4 groups. Conclusion: The results showed that PM had a considerable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Türel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Yüzüncu Yil University, 65300 Van-Turkey
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Takemura M, Endo S, Matsunaga T, Soda M, Zhao HT, El-Kabbani O, Tajima K, Iinuma M, Hara A. Selective inhibition of the tumor marker aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 by oleanolic acid. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1201-6. [PMID: 21561086 DOI: 10.1021/np200118q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A human member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, AKR1B10, was recently suggested as a therapeutic target in the treatment of several types of cancer. Due to its high sequence identity with human aldose reductase (AKR1B1), selective inhibition of AKR1B10 compared with AKR1B1 is required for the development of anticancer agents. In this study, we have examined AKR1B10 inhibition by seven pentacyclic triterpenes (1-7) that show potential anticancer properties. Among them, oleanolic acid (1) was found to be the most potent competitive inhibitor (inhibition constant, 72 nM) with the highest AKR1B10/AKR1B1 selectivity ratio of 1370. Molecular docking of 1 with AKR1B10 and AKR1B1 and site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that the nonconserved residues Val301 and Gln303 in AKR1B10 are important for determining its inhibitory potency and selectivity. Oleanolic acid (1) also inhibited the cellular metabolism by AKR1B10 (IC(50), 4 μM) and decreased mitomycin C tolerance of colon cancer HT29 cells. Thus, the selective and potent inhibition of AKR1B10 by 1 may be related to a possible cancer inhibitory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Takemura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Doligalska M, Jóźwicka K, Kiersnowska M, Mroczek A, Pączkowski C, Janiszowska W. Triterpenoid saponins affect the function of P-glycoprotein and reduce the survival of the free-living stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Vet Parasitol 2011; 179:144-51. [PMID: 21376470 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of triterpenoid saponins on the development of free-living stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri, a parasitic nematode of the mouse intestine. We evaluated the effectiveness of oleane-type glucuronides (GlcUAOA) isolated from Calendula officinalis and Beta vulgaris. The rhodamine 123 retention assay was used to detect dysfunctions of the major membrane transporter for xenobiotics, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Both C. officinals and B. vulgaris GlcUAOA affect the development of the free living stages and function of Pgp in H. bakeri. The GlcUAOA inhibits egg hatching and moulting of larvae and also changes their morphology. These saponin fractions reversed the toxic effect of thiabendazole on the nematode; the function of Pgp was also inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doligalska
- Institute of Zoology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Mengoni ES, Vichera G, Rigano LA, Rodriguez-Puebla ML, Galliano SR, Cafferata EE, Pivetta OH, Moreno S, Vojnov AA. Suppression of COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α expression and leukocyte infiltration in inflamed skin by bioactive compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. Fitoterapia 2010; 82:414-21. [PMID: 21129455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of extracts and purified compounds from fresh leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Pretreatment with the major anti-inflammatory compounds, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ear inflammation in mice with an EC(50) of 10.20 μg/cm(2) and 10.70 μg/cm(2), respectively. To further understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these compounds, we analyzed the in vivo expression of several inflammation-associated genes in mouse skin by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our data showed that CA and CS reduced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α but had less effect on fibronectin and ICAM-1 expression. Interestingly, both compounds selectively inhibited COX-2 but not COX-1. Histopathological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue revealed a marked reduction in leukocyte infiltration and epidermal ulceration of PMA-treated ears when ears were pretreated with ethanolic extracts or pure CA. In vitro, we showed that ethanolic extract, carnosic acid and carnosol significantly inhibited the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. For the first time in vivo, we showed that CA and CS differentially regulate the expression of inflammation-associated genes, thus demonstrating the pharmacological basis for the anti-inflammatory properties reported for CA and CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora S Mengoni
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Fundación Pablo Cassará and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Takada K, Nakane T, Masuda K, Ishii H. Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, members of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids, suppress TNF-α-induced E-selectin expression by cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:1114-9. [PMID: 20579861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
E-selectin is an early response adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of endothelial cells during inflammatory responses. We examined the effects of two pentacyclic triterpenoid acids, ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA), on the expression of E-selectin by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment of the cells with UA or OA alone did not influence expression of E-selectin. Expression of E-selectin mRNA and surface antigen by HUVECs was induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TNF-α-induced up-regulation of E-selectin was abrogated by pre-treatment of the cells with UA or OA which decreased expression of E-selectin mRNA. The repression of E-selectin mRNA expression caused by the pentacyclic triterpenoid acids paralleled the inhibition of NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation, as evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, although the degree of repression by UA was approximately two times more effective than that of OA. The results suggest that UA and OA suppress the inflammatory cytokine-induced expression of E-selectin in endothelial cells by decreasing E-selectin transcription via inhibition of NF-κB activation. Thus, UA and OA function as anti-inflammatory agents. The differences in the inhibitory efficacy between UA and OA may be due to conformational differences in ring-E of the two pentacyclic triterpenoid acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takada
- Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Pathophysiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Higashi Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Santos RC, Pinto RMA, Matos Beja A, Salvador JAR, Paixão JA. 3-Oxo-18α-olean-28,13β-olide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2139-40. [PMID: 21588427 PMCID: PMC3007419 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681002903x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title terpene, C30H46O3, is a 28,13β-lactone of oleanolic acid prepared with bismuth trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf), Bi(OTf)3·xH2O. All rings are trans-fused. The X-ray study shows the inversion of the orientation of 18-H in the lactonization reaction. A quantum chemical ab-initio Roothaan Hartree–Fock calculation of the equilibrium geometry of the isolated molecule gives values for bond lengths and valency angles in close agreement with experimental values. The calculation also reproduces the observed molecular conformation, with puckering parameters that agree well with those determined from the crystallographic study.
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Beara IN, Orcić DZ, Lesjak MM, Mimica-Dukić NM, Peković BA, Popović MR. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry study of anti-inflammatory activity of plantain (Plantago L.) species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:701-6. [PMID: 20219312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of selected Plantago species (P. lanceolata L. and P. major L.) an optimized in vitro test for determination of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibition potency was undertaken. By using intact cell system (platelets) as a source of COX-1 and 12-LOX enzymes and highly sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS technique for detection of main arachidonic acid metabolites formed by COX-1 and 12-LOX, this test provides efficient method for evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of plant extracts and isolated compounds. Our results validated the well-known COX-1 inhibitory activity of P. lanceolata and P. major methanol extracts (concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC(50)) was 2.00 and 0.65 mg/ml, respectively). Furthermore, 12-LOX inhibitory activity of examined extracts was reported for the first time (IC(50)=0.75 and 1.73 mg/ml for P. lanceolata and P. major, respectively). Although renowned inhibitors, such as acetylsalicylic acid and quercetin showed higher activity, this study verifies P. lanceolata and P. major as considerable anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana N Beara
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Kang SY, Yoon SY, Roh DH, Jeon MJ, Seo HS, Uh DK, Kwon YB, Kim HW, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Lee JH. The anti-arthritic effect of ursolic acid on zymosan-induced acute inflammation and adjuvant-induced chronic arthritis models. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.10.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is pentacyclic triterpenoic acid that naturally occurs in many medicinal herbs and plants. In this study, we examined the possible suppressive effect of UA extracted from Oldenlandia diffusa on zymosan-induced acute inflammation in mice and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. UA treatment (per oral) dose-dependently (25–200 mg kg−1) suppressed zymosan-induced leucocyte migration and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the air pouch exudates. Since the maximal effective dose of UA was 50 mg kg−1 in the zymosan experiment, we used this dose of UA in a subsequent study using an adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis model. UA treatment (50 mg kg−1, per oral, once a day for 10 days) was started from day 12 after adjuvant injection. UA dramatically inhibited paw swelling, plasma PGE2 production and radiological changes in the joint caused by CFA injection. Moreover, UA significantly suppressed the arthritis-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia as well as the spinal Fos expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry, which was increased by CFA injection. In addition, overall anti-arthritic potency of UA was comparable with ibuprofen (100 mg kg−1, oral) while UA did not induce significant gastric lesions as compared with the ibuprofen treatment group. These findings strongly suggest that UA is a useful suppressive compound for rheumatoid arthritis treatment with low risk of gastric problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yun Kang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Roh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Jeon
- R&D Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Company, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Sig Seo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Uh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Bae Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Han
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hern Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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50
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Vigo E, Cepeda A, Gualillo O, Perez-Fernandez R. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts: effect on inducible NOS, COX-1, COX-2 and their products in J774A.1 murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:383-91. [PMID: 15807995 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracts of the plant species Pinus sylvestris L. and Plantago lanceolata L. have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain respiratory diseases, but little is known about their precise effects and mechanisms of action. In this study, we investigated the effect of these plant extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, NO synthase (NOS) type II, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 mRNA expression in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1. We found that Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in this cell line, without obvious cytotoxic effects as tested by MTT assay. The Plantago lanceolata extract at all doses used, and the Pinus sylvestris extract at high doses, showed significant scavenging of NO radicals released by the NO donor PAPA-NONOate. Our data also show that pre-treatment with these extracts significantly inhibits inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA production in this cell line, without affecting COX-1 mRNA expression. COX-2 mRNA levels and PGE2 levels induced by lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ were not modified upon pre-treatment with the extracts. Thus, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts may reflect decreased NO production, possibly due to inhibitory effects on iNOS gene expression or to NO-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vigo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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