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Nunes MJ, Carvalho AN, Rosa AI, Videira PA, Gama MJ, Rodrigues E, Castro-Caldas M. Altered expression of Sialyl Lewis X in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:365-377. [PMID: 38197965 PMCID: PMC10879467 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) are still not fully understood. Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that affects protein function, cell-cell contacts and inflammation and can be modified in pathologic conditions. Although the involvement of aberrant glycosylation has been proposed for PD, the knowledge of the diversity of glycans and their role in PD is still minimal. Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) is a sialylated and fucosylated tetrasaccharide with essential roles in cell-to-cell recognition processes. Pathological conditions and pro-inflammatory mediators can up-regulate sLeX expression on cell surfaces, which has important consequences in intracellular signalling and immune function. Here, we investigated the expression of this glycan using in vivo and in vitro models of PD. We show the activation of deleterious glycation-related pathways in mouse striatum upon treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a toxin-based model of PD. Importantly, our results show that MPTP triggers the presentation of more proteins decorated with sLeX in mouse cortex and striatum in a time-dependent manner, as well as increased mRNA expression of its rate-limiting enzyme fucosyltransferase 7. sLeX is expressed in neurons, including dopaminergic neurons, and microglia. Although the underlying mechanism that drives increased sLeX epitopes, the nature of the protein scaffolds and their functional importance in PD remain unknown, our data suggest for the first time that sLeX in the brain may have a role in neuronal signalling and immunomodulation in pathological conditions. KEY MESSAGES: MPTP triggers the presentation of proteins decorated with sLeX in mouse brain. MPTP triggers the expression of sLeX rate-limiting enzyme FUT 7 in striatum. sLeX is expressed in neurons, including dopaminergic neurons, and microglia. sLeX in the brain may have a role in neuronal signalling and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Nunes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Neves Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra I Rosa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula A Videira
- Department of Life Sciences, UCIBIO, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Gama
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Castro-Caldas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, UCIBIO, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Buneeva OA, Kapitsa IG, Kazieva LS, Vavilov NE, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. The delayed effect of rotenone on the relative content of brain isatin-binding proteins of rats with experimental parkinsonism. Biomed Khim 2024; 70:25-32. [PMID: 38450678 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Isatin (indoldione-2,3) is an endogenous biological regulator found in the brain, peripheral tissues, and biological fluids of humans and animals. Its biological activity is realized via isatin-binding proteins, many of which were identified during proteomic profiling of the brain of mice and rats. A number of these proteins are related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, using a model of experimental Parkinsonism induced by a seven-day course of rotenone injections, we have observed behavioral disturbances, as well as changes in the profile and relative content of brain isatin-binding proteins. In this study, we have investigated behavioral responses and the relative content of brain isatin-binding proteins in rats with rotenone-induced Parkinsonism 5 days after the last administration of this neurotoxin. Despite the elimination of rotenone, animals exhibited motor and coordination impairments. Proteomic profiling of isatin-binding proteins revealed changes in the relative content of 120 proteins (the relative content of 83 proteins increased and that of 37 proteins decreased). Comparison of isatin-binding proteins characterized by the changes in the relative content observed in the brain right after the last injection of rotenone (n=16) and 5 days later (n=11) revealed only two common proteins (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and subunit B of V-type proton ATPase). However, most of these proteins are associated with neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Kapitsa
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Sh Kazieva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Vavilov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Elmorsy E, Al-Ghafari A, Al Doghaither H, Hashish S, Salama M, Mudyanselage AW, James L, Carter WG. Differential Effects of Paraquat, Rotenone, and MPTP on Cellular Bioenergetics of Undifferentiated and Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1717. [PMID: 38137165 PMCID: PMC10741680 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), rotenone (RO), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are neurotoxicants that can damage human health. Exposure to these neurotoxicants has been linked to neurodegeneration, particularly Parkinson's disease. However, their mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated, nor has the relative vulnerability of neuronal subtypes to their exposures. To address this, the current study investigated the cytotoxic effects of PQ, RO, and MPTP and their relative effects on cellular bioenergetics and oxidative stress on undifferentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and those differentiated to dopaminergic (DA) or cholinergic (CH) phenotypes. The tested neurotoxicants were all cytotoxic to the three cell phenotypes that correlated with both concentration and exposure duration. At half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s), there were significant reductions in cellular ATP levels and reduced activity of the mitochondrial complexes I and III, with a parallel increase in lactate production. PQ at 10 µM significantly decreased ATP production and mitochondrial complex III activity only in DA cells. RO was the most potent inhibitor of mitochondrial complex 1 and did not inhibit mitochondrial complex III even at concentrations that induced a 50% loss of cell viability. MPTP was the most potent toxicant in undifferentiated cells. All neurotoxicants significantly increased reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and nuclear expression of Nrf2, with a corresponding inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. At a 10 µM exposure to PQ or RO, oxidative stress biomarkers were significant in DA cells. Collectively, this study underscores the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PQ, RO, and MPTP-induced cytotoxicity and that neuronal phenotypes display differential vulnerability to these neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
| | - Sara Hashish
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11385, Egypt; (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11385, Egypt; (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Anusha W. Mudyanselage
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (L.J.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Lipta James
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Wayne G. Carter
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (L.J.)
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Han S, DiBlasi E, Monson ET, Shabalin A, Ferris E, Chen D, Fraser A, Yu Z, Staley M, Callor WB, Christensen ED, Crockett DK, Li QS, Willour V, Bakian AV, Keeshin B, Docherty AR, Eilbeck K, Coon H. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of suicide deaths integrating brain-regulatory eQTLs data to identify risk loci and genes. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3909-3919. [PMID: 37794117 PMCID: PMC10730410 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have started to identify potential genetic risk loci associated with risk of suicide; however, a large portion of suicide-associated genetic factors affecting gene expression remain elusive. Dysregulated gene expression, not assessed by GWAS, may play a significant role in increasing the risk of suicide death. We performed the first comprehensive genomic association analysis prioritizing brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) within regulatory regions in suicide deaths from the Utah Suicide Genetic Risk Study (USGRS). 440,324 brain-regulatory eQTLs were obtained by integrating brain eQTLs, histone modification ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, and Hi-C results from publicly available data. Subsequent genomic analyses were conducted in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 986 suicide deaths of non-Finnish European (NFE) ancestry and 415 ancestrally matched controls. Additional independent USGRS suicide deaths with genotyping array data (n = 4657) and controls from the Genome Aggregation Database were explored for WGS result replication. One significant eQTL locus, rs926308 (p = 3.24e-06), was identified. The rs926308-T is associated with lower expression of RFPL3S, a gene important for neocortex development and implicated in arousal. Gene-based analyses performed using Sherlock Bayesian statistical integrative analysis also detected 20 genes with expression changes that may contribute to suicide risk. From analyzing publicly available transcriptomic data, ten of these genes have previous evidence of differential expression in suicide death or in psychiatric disorders that may be associated with suicide, including schizophrenia and autism (ZNF501, ZNF502, CNN3, IGF1R, KLHL36, NBL1, PDCD6IP, SNX19, BCAP29, and ARSA). Electronic health records (EHR) data was further merged to evaluate if there were clinically relevant subsets of suicide deaths associated with genetic variants. In summary, our study identified one risk locus and ten genes associated with suicide risk via gene expression, providing new insight into possible genetic and molecular mechanisms leading to suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonggyun Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Emily DiBlasi
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric T Monson
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrey Shabalin
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elliott Ferris
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danli Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alison Fraser
- Pedigree & Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zhe Yu
- Pedigree & Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael Staley
- Office of the Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - W Brandon Callor
- Office of the Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erik D Christensen
- Office of the Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David K Crockett
- Clinical Analytics, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Virginia Willour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amanda V Bakian
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brooks Keeshin
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen Eilbeck
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Odongo R, Bellur O, Abdik E, Çakır T. Brain-wide transcriptome-based metabolic alterations in Parkinson's disease: human inter-region and human-experimental model correlations. Mol Omics 2023; 19:522-537. [PMID: 36928892 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in brain metabolism are closely associated with the molecular hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). A clear understanding of the main metabolic perturbations in PD is therefore important. Here, we retrospectively analysed the expression of metabolic genes from 34 PD-control post-mortem human brain transcriptome data comparisons from literature, spanning multiple brain regions. We found high metabolic correlations between the Substantia nigra (SN)- and cerebral cortex-derived tissues. Moreover, three clusters of PD patient cohorts were identified based on perturbed metabolic processes in the SN - each characterised by perturbations in (a) bile acid metabolism (b) omega-3 fatty acid metabolism, and (c) lipoic acid and androgen metabolism - metabolic themes not comprehensively addressed in PD. These perturbations were supported by concurrence between transcriptome and proteome changes in the expression patterns for CBR1, ECI2, BDH2, CYP27A1, ALDH1B1, ALDH9A1, ADH5, ALDH7A1, L1CAM, and PLXNB3 genes, providing a valuable resource for drug targeting and diagnosis. Also, we analysed 58 PD-control transcriptome data comparisons from in vivo/in vitro disease models and identified experimental PD models with significant correlations to matched human brain regions. Collectively, our findings suggest metabolic alterations in several brain regions, heterogeneity in metabolic alterations between study cohorts for the SN tissues and the need to optimize current experimental models to advance research on metabolic aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Odongo
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Orhan Bellur
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ecehan Abdik
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Hsu CH, Liao EC, Chiang WC, Wang KL. Antioxidative Activities of Micronized Solid-State Cultivated Hericium erinaceus Rich in Erinacine A against MPTP-Induced Damages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083386. [PMID: 37110620 PMCID: PMC10145912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lion's mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus, HE) is a traditional medical mushroom with high nutritional and economic value. HE possesses anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulating, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective activities. The present study evaluated the protection and antioxidative activities of micronized mycelium of HE (HEM) in mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP). HEM was cultivated via solid-state fermentation and micronized using cell wall-breaking technology to increase its bioavailability when ingested. Erinacine A, the bioactive compound in the HEM, played a pivotal role in antioxidant defense. We found that micronized HEM could recover the dopamine level in the mice striatum in a dose-dependent manner that had been greatly reduced during MPTP treatment. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl levels were reduced in the livers and brains of the MPTP + HEM-treated groups compared with the MPTP group. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and glutathione reductase (GRd), were elevated after the administration of HEM in MPTP-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our data indicate that HEM cultivated via solid-state fermentation and processed with cell wall-breaking technology showed an excellent antioxidant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
- General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan
| | | | - Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Jin Z, Liu C, Yu X, Chen K, Meng D, Liu A, Fang B. Association Between Mitochondrial Function and Rehabilitation of Parkinson's Disease: Revealed by Exosomal mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:909622. [PMID: 35783124 PMCID: PMC9244703 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.909622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation has been proposed as a valid measure complementary to the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism underlying is not clear yet. The differential expressions of exosomal messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a critical role in PD progression and rehabilitation. To compare the differential expressions of exosomal mRNAs and lncRNAs, patients with PD (PWPs, Hoehn and Yahr stages 1.5-2.5, n = 6) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 6) were included in this study. All PWPs received a 2-week rehabilitation treatment in the hospital, which seemingly led to improvement in both the motor and non-motor functions. A set of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) extracted from exosomes in blood samples via next-generation sequencing (NGS) was screened out. Compared to HCs, 2,337 vs. 701 mRNAs and 1,278 vs. 445 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in pre-rehabilitation (pre-rehab) PWPs; 2,490 vs. 629 mRNAs and 1,561 vs. 370 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in post-rehabilitation (post-rehab) PWPs. Compared to pre-rehab PWPs, 606 vs. 1,056 mRNAs and 593 vs. 1,136 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated and significantly downregulated, respectively, in post-rehab PWPs. Overall, 14 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 73 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were expressed in the blood exosomes of HCs, pre- and post-rehab PWPs, simultaneously. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses identified 243 significantly co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs. One DEmRNA of interest (ENSG00000099795, NDUFB7) and three corresponding DElncRNAs (ENST00000564683, ENST00000570408, and ENST00000628340) were positively related. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated that the expression levels of NDUFB7 mRNA and the 3 DElncRNAs increased significantly in pre-rehab PWPs, but decreased significantly in post-rehab PWPs compared to HCs. NDUFB7 mRNA is a marker related to mitochondrial respiration. It is reasonably believed that mitochondrial function is associated with PD rehabilitation, and the mitochondrial pathway may involve in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Chen
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Detao Meng
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aixian Liu
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aixian Liu
| | - Boyan Fang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Boyan Fang ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-433X
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Fakih W, Zeitoun R, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Kobeissy F, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Early metabolic impairment as a contributor to neurodegenerative disease: Mechanisms and potential pharmacological intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:982-993. [PMID: 35470973 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome comprises a family of clinical and laboratory findings, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and hypertension, in addition to central obesity. The syndrome confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality. Indeed, metabolic dysfunction has been shown to cause a direct insult to smooth muscle and endothelial components of the vasculature, which leads to vascular dysfunction and hyperreactivity. This, in turn, causes cerebral vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion, eventually contributing to cognitive deficits. Moreover, the metabolic syndrome disrupts key homeostatic processes in the brain, including apoptosis, autophagy, and neurogenesis. Impairment of such processes in the context of metabolic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role that the metabolic syndrome plays in the pathogenesis of the latter disorders, with a focus on the role of perivascular adipose inflammation in the peripheral-to-central transduction of the inflammatory insult. This review delineates common signaling pathways that contribute to these pathologies. Moreover, the role of therapeutic agents aimed at treating the metabolic syndrome, as well as their risk factors that interfere with the aforementioned pathways, are discussed as potential interventions for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Fakih
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Zeitoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein City, Egypt
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Ma R, Johnson JHR, Tang Y, Fitzgerald MC. Analysis of Brain Protein Stability Changes in Mouse Models of Normal Aging and α-Synucleinopathy Reveals Age- and Disease-Related Differences. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5156-5168. [PMID: 34606284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we utilize the stability of proteins from rates of oxidation (SPROX) technique, to profile the thermodynamic stabilities of proteins in brain tissue cell lysates from Huα-Syn(A53T) transgenic mice at three time points including at 1 month (n = 9), at 6 months (n = 7), and at the time (between 9 and 16 months) a mouse became symptomatic (n = 8). The thermodynamic stability profiles generated here on 332 proteins were compared to thermodynamic stability profiles generated on the same proteins from similarly aged wild-type mice using a two-way unbalanced analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. This analysis identified a group of 22 proteins with age-related protein stability changes and a group of 11 proteins that were differentially stabilized in the Huα-Syn(A53T) transgenic mouse model. A total of 9 of the 11 proteins identified here with disease-related stability changes have been previously detected in human cerebral spinal fluid and thus have potential utility as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD). The differential stability observed for one protein, glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Gad2), with an age-related change in stability, was consistent with the differential presence of a known, age-related truncation product of this protein, which is shown here to have a higher folding stability than full-length Gad2. Mass spectrometry data were deposited at ProteomeXchange (PXD016985).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renze Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Julia H R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Michael C Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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10
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Kaur I, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L, Bungau S. Connecting the dots between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disorder: focus mitochondria-targeting therapeutic paradigm in mitigating the disease severity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:37060-37081. [PMID: 34053042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are unique cell organelles, which exhibit multifactorial roles in numerous cell physiological processes, significantly preserving the integrity of neural synaptic interconnections, mediating ATP production, and regulating apoptotic signaling pathways and calcium homeostasis. Multiple neurological disorders occur as a consequence of impaired mitochondrial functioning, with greater sensitivity of dopaminergic (DA) neurons to mitochondrial dysfunction, due to oxidative nature and low mitochondrial mass, thus supporting the contribution of mitochondrial impairment in Parkinson's disorder (neuronal damage due to curbed dopamine levels). The pathophysiology of the second most common disorder, PD, is potentiated by various mitochondrial homeostasis regulating genes, as discussed in the review. The PD symptoms are known to be aggravated by multiple mitochondria-linked alterations, like reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ buffering, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion, mitophagy), biogenetic dysfunctions, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), protein aggregation, neurotoxins, and genetic mutations, which manifest the central involvement of unhealthy mitochondria in neurodegeneration, resulting in retarded DA neurons in region of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), causing PD. Furthermore, the review tends to target altered mitochondrial components, like oxidative stress, inflammation, biogenetic alterations, impaired dynamics, uncontrolled homeostasis, and genetic mutations, to provide a sustainable and reliable alternative in PD therapeutics and to overcome the pitfalls of conventional therapeutic agents. Therefore, the authors elaborate the relationship between PD pathogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunctions, followed by a suitable mitochondria-targeting therapeutic portfolio, as well as future considerations, aiding the researchers to investigate novel strategies to mitigate the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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11
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Omoruyi SI, Ibrakaw AS, Ekpo OE, Boatwright JS, Cupido CN, Hussein AA. Neuroprotective Activities of Crossyne flava Bulbs and Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133990. [PMID: 34208814 PMCID: PMC8272225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and affects approximately 6.3 million people worldwide. To date, the treatment of PD remains a challenge, as available treatment options are known to be associated with serious side effects; hence, the search for new treatment strategies is critical. Extracts from the Amaryllidaceae plant family as well as their alkaloids have been reported to have neuroprotective potentials. This study, therefore, investigated the biological activities of Crossyne flava and its isolated alkaloids in an in vitro MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) PD model using SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of the total extract as well as the four compounds isolated from Crossyne flava (i.e., pancratinine B (1), bufanidrine (2), buphanisine (3), and epibuphanisine (4)) were evaluated for cell viability, neuroprotection, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenosine triphosphate activity (ATP), and caspase 3/7 activity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results obtained showed that pre-treatment with both the extract and the isolated compounds was effective in protecting the SH-SY5Y cells from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited ROS generation, ATP depletion as well as apoptosis induction in the SH-SY5Y cells. The results of this study show that the Amaryllidaceae plant family may be a source of novel compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which validates the reported traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester I. Omoruyi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Abobaker S. Ibrakaw
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - James S. Boatwright
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Christopher N. Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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12
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Yang D, Ying J, Wang X, Zhao T, Yoon S, Fang Y, Zheng Q, Liu X, Yu W, Hua F. Mitochondrial Dynamics: A Key Role in Neurodegeneration and a Potential Target for Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:654785. [PMID: 33912006 PMCID: PMC8072049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.654785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, neurodegeneration has been related to several mitochondrial dynamics imbalances such as excessive fragmentation of mitochondria, impaired mitophagy, and blocked mitochondria mitochondrial transport in axons. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, and essential for energy conversion, neuron survival, and cell death. As mitochondrial dynamics have a significant influence on homeostasis, in this review, we mainly discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics in several neurodegenerative diseases. There is evidence that several mitochondrial dynamics-associated proteins, as well as related pathways, have roles in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases with an impact on mitochondrial functions and metabolism. However, specific pathological mechanisms need to be better understood in order to propose new therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dynamics that have shown promise in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Helping Minds International Charitable Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingcui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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13
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Liu X, Moussa C. Regulatory Role of Ubiquitin Specific Protease-13 (USP13) in Misfolded Protein Clearance in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neuroscience 2021; 460:161-166. [PMID: 33577955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Specific Protease (USP)-13 is a de-ubiquitinase member of the cysteine-dependent protease superfamily that cleaves ubiquitin off protein substrates to reverse ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Several findings implicate USPs in neurodegeneration. Ubiquitin targets proteins to major degradation pathways, including the proteasome and the lysosome. In melanoma cells, USP13 regulates the degradation of several proteins primarily via ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination. However, the significance of USP13 in regulating protein clearance in neurodegeneration is largely unknown. This mini-review summarizes the most recent evidence pertaining to the role of USP13 in protein clearance via autophagy and the proteasome in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Building D, Room 265, 4000 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington DC 20057, USA.
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Building D, Room 265, 4000 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington DC 20057, USA.
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14
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Satapathy S, Wilson MR. The Dual Roles of Clusterin in Extracellular and Intracellular Proteostasis. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:652-660. [PMID: 33573881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) was the first reported secreted mammalian chaperone and impacts on serious diseases associated with inappropriate extracellular protein aggregation. Many studies have described intracellular CLU in locations outside the secretory system and recent work has shown that CLU can be released into the cytosol during cell stress. In this article, we critically evaluate evidence relevant to the proposed origins of cellular CLU found outside the secretory system, and advance the hypothesis that the cytosolic release of CLU induced by stress serves to facilitate the trafficking of misfolded proteins to the proteasome and autophagy for degradation. We also propose future research directions that could help establish CLU as a unique chaperone performing critical and synergic roles in both intracellular and extracellular proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Satapathy
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mark R Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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15
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Hu X, Wang J, Chu M, Liu Y, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Emerging Role of Ubiquitination in the Regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2021; 29:908-919. [PMID: 33388422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence suggests that ubiquitination and deubiquitination of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) play crucial roles in the regulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 protein stabilization and dynamics. PD-1/PD-L1 is a major coinhibitory checkpoint pathway that modulates immune escape in cancer patients, and its engagement and inhibition has significantly reshaped the landscape of tumor clearance. The abnormal ubiquitination and deubiquitination of PD-1/PD-L1 influence PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression. In this review, we describe the ubiquitination- and deubiquitination-mediated modulation of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling through a variety of E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Moreover, we briefly expound on the anticancer potential of some agents that target related E3 ligases, which further modulate the ubiquitination of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancers. Therefore, this review reveals the development of a highly promising therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy by targeting PD-1/PD-L1 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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16
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Buneeva O, Fedchenko V, Kopylov A, Medvedev A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Mitochondrial DNA. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E591. [PMID: 33321831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy stations of the cell, are the only extranuclear organelles, containing their own (mitochondrial) DNA (mtDNA) and the protein synthesizing machinery. The location of mtDNA in close proximity to the oxidative phosphorylation system of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is an important factor responsible for its much higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA. Being more vulnerable to damage than nuclear DNA, mtDNA accumulates mutations, crucial for the development of mitochondrial dysfunction playing a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Good evidence exists that some mtDNA mutations are associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the movement disorder resulted from the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra. Although their direct impact on mitochondrial function/dysfunction needs further investigation, results of various studies performed using cells isolated from PD patients or their mitochondria (cybrids) suggest their functional importance. Studies involving mtDNA mutator mice also demonstrated the importance of mtDNA deletions, which could also originate from abnormalities induced by mutations in nuclear encoded proteins needed for mtDNA replication (e.g., polymerase γ). However, proteomic studies revealed only a few mitochondrial proteins encoded by mtDNA which were downregulated in various PD models. This suggests nuclear suppression of the mitochondrial defects, which obviously involve cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes for maintenance of mitochondrial functioning.
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17
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Lei K, Zhang L, He Y, Sun H, Tong W, Xu Y, Jin L. Immune-associated biomarkers for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on hematological lncRNA-mRNA co-expression. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20202921. [PMID: 33245101 PMCID: PMC7753636 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early stage diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging without significant motor symptoms. The identification of effective molecular biomarkers as a hematological indication of PD may help improve the diagnostic timeliness and accuracy. In this paper, we analyzed and compared the blood samples of PD and control (CTR) patients to identify the disease-related changes and determine the putative biomarkers for PD diagnosis. Based on the RNA sequencing analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the co-expression network of DEGs was constructed using the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The analysis leads to the identification of 87 genes that were exclusively regulated in the PD group, whereas 66 genes were significantly increased and 21 genes were significantly decreased in contrast to the control group. The results indicate that the core lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network greatly changes the immune response in PD patients. Specifically, the results showed that PWAR6, LINC00861, AC83843.1, IRF family, IFIT family and CaMK4 may play important roles in the immune system of PD. Based on the findings from this the present study, future research aims at identify novel therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Lei
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, GA, U.S.A
| | - Liwen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip, ShanghaiBiochip Limited Corporation, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yijing He
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Weifang Tong
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yichun Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip, ShanghaiBiochip Limited Corporation, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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18
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Singh Y, Trautwein C, Dhariwal A, Salker MS, Alauddin M, Zizmare L, Pelzl L, Feger M, Admard J, Casadei N, Föller M, Pachauri V, Park DS, Mak TW, Frick JS, Wallwiener D, Brucker SY, Lang F, Riess O. DJ-1 (Park7) affects the gut microbiome, metabolites and the development of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16131. [PMID: 32999308 PMCID: PMC7528091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper communication between gut and brain is pivotal for the maintenance of health and, dysregulation of the gut-brain axis can lead to several clinical disorders. In Parkinson’s disease (PD) 85% of all patients experienced constipation many years before showing any signs of motor phenotypes. For differential diagnosis and preventive treatment, there is an urgent need for the identification of biomarkers indicating early disease stages long before the disease phenotype manifests. DJ-1 is a chaperone protein involved in the protection against PD and genetic mutations in this protein have been shown to cause familial PD. However, how the deficiency of DJ-1 influences the risk of PD remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we provide evidence that DJ-1 is implicated in shaping the gut microbiome including; their metabolite production, inflammation and innate immune cells (ILCs) development. We revealed that deficiency of DJ-1 leads to a significant increase in two specific genera/species, namely Alistipes and Rikenella. In DJ-1 knock-out (DJ-1-/-) mice the production of fecal calprotectin and MCP-1 inflammatory proteins were elevated. Fecal and serum metabolic profile showed that malonate which influences the immune system was significantly more abundant in DJ-1−/− mice. DJ-1 appeared also to be involved in ILCs development. Further, inflammatory genes related to PD were augmented in the midbrain of DJ-1−/− mice. Our data suggest that metabolites and inflammation produced in the gut could be used as biomarkers for PD detection. Perhaps, these metabolites and inflammatory mediators could be involved in triggering inflammation resulting in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Research Institute of Women's Health, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (WSIC), Tübingen University, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Achal Dhariwal
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Md Alauddin
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (WSIC), Tübingen University, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Vegetative Physiology, Tübingen University, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Transfusion Medicine Centre, Tübingen University, Otfried-Müller-Straße 4/1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vivek Pachauri
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David S Park
- Health Research Innovation Centre, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, UHN, 620 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Julia-Stefanie Frick
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Tübingen University, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diethelm Wallwiener
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative Physiology, Tübingen University, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Lim KH, Joo JY, Baek KH. The potential roles of deubiquitinating enzymes in brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101088. [PMID: 32470641 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most proteins undergo posttranslational modification such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, biotinylation, and ubiquitination to regulate various cellular processes. Ubiquitin-targeted proteins from the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are degraded by 26S proteasome, along with this, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have specific activity against the UPS through detaching of ubiquitin on ubiquitin-targeted proteins. Balancing between protein expression and degradation through interplay between the UPS and DUBs is important to maintain cell homeostasis, and abnormal expression and elongation of proteins lead to diverse diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune response. Therefore, development of DUB inhibitors as therapeutic targets has been challenging. In addition, understanding of the roles of DUBs in neurodegeneration, specifically brain diseases, has emerged gradually. This review highlights recent studies on the molecular mechanisms for DUBs, and discusses potential therapeutic targets for DUBs in cases of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Chen G. A logical relationship for schizophrenia, bipolar, and major depressive disorder. Part 1: Evidence from chromosome 1 high density association screen. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2620-2635. [PMID: 32266715 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial clustering of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) was investigated systematically (Aukes et al., Genetics in Medicine, 2012, 14, 338-341) and any two or even three of these disorders could coexist in some families. Furthermore, evidence from symptomatology and psychopharmacology also imply the existence of intrinsic connections between these three major psychiatric disorders. A total of 71,445 SNPs on chromosome 1 were genotyped on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type-I), 177 MDD cases and 1000 controls and further validated in 986 SCZ patients in the population of Shandong province of China. Outstanding psychosis genes are systematically revealed( ATP1A4, ELTD1, FAM5C, HHAT, KIF26B, LMX1A, NEGR1, NFIA, NR5A2, NTNG1, PAPPA2, PDE4B, PEX14, RYR2, SYT6, TGFBR3, TTLL7, and USH2A). Unexpectedly, flanking genes for up to 97.09% of the associated SNPs were also replicated in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients. From the perspective of etiological rather than clinical psychiatry, bipolar, and major depressive disorder could be subtypes of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, the varied clinical feature and prognosis might be the result of interaction of genetics and epigenetics, for example, irreversible or reversible shut down, and over or insufficient expression of certain genes, which may gives other aspects of these severe mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Abstract
The physical continuity of axons over long cellular distances poses challenges for their maintenance. One organelle that faces this challenge is endoplasmic reticulum (ER); unlike other intracellular organelles, this forms a physically continuous network throughout the cell, with a single membrane and a single lumen. In axons, ER is mainly smooth, forming a tubular network with occasional sheets or cisternae and low amounts of rough ER. It has many potential roles: lipid biosynthesis, glucose homeostasis, a Ca2+ store, protein export, and contacting and regulating other organelles. This tubular network structure is determined by ER-shaping proteins, mutations in some of which are causative for neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). While axonal ER shares many features with the tubular ER network in other contexts, these features must be adapted to the long and narrow dimensions of axons. ER appears to be physically continuous throughout axons, over distances that are enormous on a subcellular scale. It is therefore a potential channel for long-distance or regional communication within neurons, independent of action potentials or physical transport of cargos, but involving its physiological roles such as Ca2+ or organelle homeostasis. Despite its apparent stability, axonal ER is highly dynamic, showing features like anterograde and retrograde transport, potentially reflecting continuous fusion and breakage of the network. Here we discuss the transport processes that must contribute to this dynamic behavior of ER. We also discuss the model that these processes underpin a homeostatic process that ensures both enough ER to maintain continuity of the network and repair breaks in it, but not too much ER that might disrupt local cellular physiology. Finally, we discuss how failure of ER organization in axons could lead to axon degenerative diseases, and how a requirement for ER continuity could make distal axons most susceptible to degeneration in conditions that disrupt ER continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cahir J. O’Kane
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Zilocchi M, Fasano M, Alberio T. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Development of Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:17-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Li Z, Cheng Z, Raghothama C, Cui Z, Liu K, Li X, Jiang C, Jiang W, Tan M, Ni X, Pandey A, Liu JO, Dang Y. USP9X controls translation efficiency via deubiquitination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:823-839. [PMID: 29228324 PMCID: PMC5778534 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling translation initiation is an efficient way to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, current knowledge regarding regulatory proteins and their modes of controlling translation initiation is still limited. In this study, we employed tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry to screen for unknown proteins associated with the translation initiation machinery. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), was identified as a novel binding partner, that interacts with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) in a mRNA-independent manner. USP9X-deficient cells presented significantly impaired nascent protein synthesis, cap-dependent translation initiation and cellular proliferation. USP9X can selectively alter the translation of pro-oncogenic mRNAs, such as c-Myc and XIAP. Moreover, we found that eIF4A1, which is primarily ubiquitinated at Lys-369, is the substrate of USP9X. USP9X dysfunction increases the ubiquitination of eIF4A1 and enhances its degradation. Our results provide evidence that USP9X is a novel regulator of the translation initiation process via deubiquitination of eIF4A1, which offers new insight in understanding the pivotal role of USP9X in human malignancies and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chaerkady Raghothama
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhaomeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohua Ni
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IAD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College & Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu X, Hebron M, Shi W, Lonskaya I, Moussa CEH. Ubiquitin specific protease-13 independently regulates parkin ubiquitination and alpha-synuclein clearance in alpha-synucleinopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:548-560. [PMID: 30329047 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific proteases (USPs) are de-ubiquitinases (DUBs) that control protein ubiquitination cycle. The role of DUBs is poorly understood in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that USP13 is overexpressed in post-mortem Parkinson's disease (PD) brains. We investigated whether changes in USP13 levels can affect two molecules, parkin and alpha-synuclein, that are implicated in PD pathogenesis. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is regulated by ubiquitination and targets certain proteins for degradation, and alpha-synuclein may be ubiquitinated and recycled in the normal brain. We found that USP13 independently regulates parkin and alpha-synuclein ubiquitination in models of alpha-synucleinopathies. USP13 shRNA knockdown increases alpha-synuclein ubiquitination and clearance, in a parkin-independent manner. Furthermore, USP13 overexpression counteracts the effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Nilotinib, while USP13 knockdown facilitates Nilotinib effects on alpha-synculein clearance, suggesting that alpha-synuclein ubiquitnation is important for its clearance. These studies provide novel evidence of USP13 effects on parkin and alpha-synuclein metabolism and suggest that USP13 is a potential therapeutic target in the alpha-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Michaeline Hebron
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Wangke Shi
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Irina Lonskaya
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
| | - Charbel E-H Moussa
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, National Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Lewy Body Dementia Research Center of Excellence, Georgetown University Medical Center, N.W. Washington D.C., USA
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25
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Liu X, Hebron ML, Mulki S, Wang C, Lekah E, Ferrante D, Shi W, Kurd-Misto B, Moussa C. Ubiquitin Specific Protease 13 Regulates Tau Accumulation and Clearance in Models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:425-441. [PMID: 31594232 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Specific Protease-13 (USP13) is a de-ubiquinating enzyme that regulates protein ubiquitination and clearance. The role of USP13 is largely unknown in neurodegeneration. In this study we aim to demonstrate whether tau accumulation and/or clearance depends on ubiquitination/de-ubiquitination via USP-13. We used transgenic animal models of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) or P301L tau mutations and genetically knocked-down USP13 expression via shRNA to determine USP13 effects on tau ubiquitination and levels. We found a two-fold increase of USP13 levels in postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. USP13 knockdown significantly increased the activity of the 20S proteasome and reduced the levels of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in primary cortical neurons. USP13 knockdown also reduced the levels of amyloid and increased p-tau ubiquitination and clearance in transgenic animal models that overexpress murine tau as a result of the expression of familial APP mutations (TgAPP) and the human mutant P301L tau (rTg4510), respectively. Clearance of p-tau appears to be mediated by autophagy in these animal models. Taken together, these data suggest that USP13 knockdown reduces p-tau accumulation via regulation of ubiquitination/de-ubiquitination and mediates its clearance via autophagy and/or the proteasome. These results suggest that USP13 inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce accumulation of plaques and toxic p-tau in AD and human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michaeline L Hebron
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sanjana Mulki
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lekah
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dalila Ferrante
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wangke Shi
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bahjat Kurd-Misto
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charbel Moussa
- Translational Neurotherapeutics Program, Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is an insidious disorder affecting more than 1-2% of the population over the age of 65. Understanding the etiology of PD may create opportunities for developing new treatments. Genomic and transcriptomic studies are useful, but do not provide evidence for the actual status of the disease. Conversely, proteomic studies deal with proteins, which are real time players, and can hence provide information on the dynamic nature of the affected cells. The number of publications relating to the proteomics of PD is vast. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the current proteomics literature and establish the connections between the past and the present to foresee the future. Areas covered: PubMed and Web of Science were used to retrieve the literature associated with PD proteomics. Studies using human samples, model organisms and cell lines were selected and reviewed to highlight their contributions to PD. Expert commentary: The proteomic studies associated with PD achieved only limited success in facilitating disease diagnosis, monitoring and progression. A global system biology approach using new models is needed. Future research should integrate the findings of proteomics with other omics data to facilitate both early diagnosis and the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasap
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Aylin Kanli
- a Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory , Kocaeli University Medical School , Kocaeli , Turkey
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Nataraj J, Manivasagam T, Justin Thenmozhi A, Essa MM. Neurotrophic Effect of Asiatic acid, a Triterpene of Centella asiatica Against Chronic 1-Methyl 4-Phenyl 1, 2, 3, 6-Tetrahydropyridine Hydrochloride/Probenecid Mouse Model of Parkinson's disease: The Role of MAPK, PI3K-Akt-GSK3β and mTOR Signalling Pathways. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1354-1365. [PMID: 28181071 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of various signalling (Ras-MAPK, PI3K and AKT) pathways by augmented activity of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) could prevent or halt the progress of dopaminergic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). Various in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicated anti-parkinsonic potential of asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene obtained from Centella asiatica. So the present study is designed to determine the neurotrophic effect of AA against 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride/probenecid (MPTP/p) neurotoxicity in mice model of PD. AA treatment for 5 weeks significantly attenuated MPTP/p induced motor abnormalities, dopamine depletion and diminished expressions NTFs and tyrosine kinase receptors (TrKB). We further, revealed that AA treatment significantly inhibited the MPTP/p-induced phosphorylation of MAPK/P38 related proteins such as JNK and ERK. Moreover, AA treatment increased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, GSK-3β and mTOR, suggesting that AA activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, which might be the cause of neuroprotection offered by AA. The present findings provided more elaborate in vivo evidences to support the neuroprotective effect of AA on dopaminergic neurons of chronic Parkinson's disease mouse model and the potential of AA to be developed as a possible new therapeutic target to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagatheesan Nataraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India.
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600094, India
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28
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Law HCH, Szeto SSW, Quan Q, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Krakovska O, Lui LT, Zheng C, Lee SMY, Siu KWM, Wang Y, Chu IK. Characterization of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Chronic Phase of Stroke in a Cynomolgus Monkey Model of Induced Cerebral Ischemia. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1150-1166. [PMID: 28102082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disease are not well understood, particularly in the chronic phase after the initial ischemic episode. In this study, a Macaca fascicularis stroke model consisting of two sample groups, as determined by MRI-quantified infarct volumes as a measure of the stroke severity 28 days after the ischemic episode, was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative proteomics analyses. By using multiple online multidimensional liquid chromatography platforms, 8790 nonredundant proteins were identified that condensed to 5223 protein groups at 1% global false discovery rate (FDR). After the application of a conservative criterion (5% local FDR), 4906 protein groups were identified from the analysis of cerebral cortex. Of the 2068 quantified proteins, differential proteomic analyses revealed that 31 and 23 were dysregulated in the elevated- and low-infarct-volume groups, respectively. Neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and inflammation featured prominently as the cellular processes associated with these dysregulated proteins. Protein interaction network analysis revealed that the dysregulated proteins for inflammation and neurogenesis were highly connected, suggesting potential cross-talk between these processes in modulating the cytoskeletal structure and dynamics in the chronic phase poststroke. Elucidating the long-term consequences of brain tissue injuries from a cellular prospective, as well as the molecular mechanisms that are involved, would provide a basis for the development of new potentially neurorestorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C H Law
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel S W Szeto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan Quan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Olga Krakovska
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University , Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Leong Ting Lui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Simon M-Y Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Avenue Padre Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - K W Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University , Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor , Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ivan K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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Shao Y, Figeys D, Ning Z, Mailloux R, Chan HM. Methylmercury can induce Parkinson's-like neurotoxicity similar to 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium: a genomic and proteomic analysis on MN9D dopaminergic neuron cells. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 40:817-28. [PMID: 26558463 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals has been implicated as a possible risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous study showed that methylmercury (MeHg) exposure can disrupt synthesis, uptake and metabolism of dopamine similar to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of MeHg exposure on gene and protein profiles in a dopaminergic MN9D cell line. MN9D cells were treated with MeHg (1-5 μM) and MPP(+) (10-40 μM) for 48 hr. Real-time PCR Parkinson's disease (PD) arrays and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) were performed for the analysis. PD PCR array results showed that 19% genes were significantly changed in the 2.5 μM MeHg treated cells, and 39% genes were changed in the 5 μM MeHg treated cells. In comparison, MPP(+) treatment (40 µM) resulted in significant changes in 25% genes. A total of 15 common genes were altered by both MeHg and MPP(+), and dopaminergic signaling transduction was the most affected pathway. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 2496 proteins, of which 188, 233 and 395 proteins were differentially changed by 1 μM and 2.5 μM MeHg, and MPP(+) respectively. A total of 61 common proteins were changed by both MeHg and MPP(+) treatment. The changed proteins were mainly involved in energetic generation-related metabolism pathway (propanoate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid metabolism), oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome, PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. A total of 7 genes/proteins including Ube2l3 (Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3) and Th (Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) were changed in both genomic and proteomic analysis. These results suggest that MeHg and MPP(+) share many similar signaling pathways leading to the pathogenesis of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Shao
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Canada
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30
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Mei H, Feng G, Zhu J, Lin S, Qiu Y, Wang Y, Xia T. A Practical Guide for Exploring Opportunities of Repurposing Drugs for CNS Diseases in Systems Biology. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1303:531-547. [PMID: 26235090 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2627-5_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology has shown its potential in facilitating pathway-focused therapy development for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. An integrated network can be utilized to explore the multiple disease mechanisms and to discover repositioning opportunities. This review covers current therapeutic gaps for CNS diseases and the role of systems biology in pharmaceutical industry. We conclude with a Multiple Level Network Modeling (MLNM) example to illustrate the great potential of systems biology for CNS diseases. The system focuses on the benefit and practical applications in pathway centric therapy and drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Mei
- Informatics and Structure Biology, R&D China, GlaxoSmithKline, 917 Halei Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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31
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Zhang Z, Li G, Szeto SSW, Chong CM, Quan Q, Huang C, Cui W, Guo B, Wang Y, Han Y, Michael Siu KW, Yuen Lee SM, Chu IK. Examining the neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic acid and chrysin on in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:331-343. [PMID: 25769424 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmacology-based strategies using drug combinations with different mechanisms of action are gaining increasing attention as a novel methodology to discover potentially innovative medicines for neurodegenerative disorders. We used this approach to examine the combined neuroprotective effects of two polyphenols, protocatechuic acid (PCA) and chrysin, identified from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. Our results demonstrated synergistic neuroprotective effects, with chrysin enhancing the protective effects of PCA, resulting in greater cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release from 6-hydroxydopamine-treated PC12 cells. Their combination also significantly attenuated chemically induced dopaminergic neuron loss in both zebrafish and mice. We examined the molecular mechanisms underlying these collective cytoprotective effects through proteomic analysis of treated PC12 cells, resulting in the identification of 12 regulated proteins. Two were further characterized, leading to the determination that pretreatment with PCA and chrysin resulted in (i) increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression and transcriptional activity; (ii) modulation of cellular redox status with the upregulated expression of hallmark antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, and catalase; and (iii) decreased levels of malondialdehyde, a known lipid peroxidation product. Treatment with PCA and chrysin also inhibited activation of nuclear factor-κB and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Our findings suggest that natural products, when used in combination, can be effective potential therapeutic agents for treating diseases such as Parkinson disease. A therapy involving both PCA and chrysin exhibits its enhanced neuroprotective effects through a combination of cellular mechanisms: antioxidant cytoprotection and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel S W Szeto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheong Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Quan Quan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - K W Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Ming Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Ivan K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Defective mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress (OS) have been demonstrated as having an important role in PD pathogenesis, although the underlying mechanism is not clear. The etiopathogenesis of sporadic PD is complex with variable contributions of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Both these factors influence various mitochondrial aspects, including their life cycle, bioenergetic capacity, quality control, dynamic changes of morphology and connectivity (fusion, fission), subcellular distribution (transport), and the regulation of cell death pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction has mainly been reported in various non-dopaminergic cells and tissue samples from human patients as well as transgenic mouse and fruit fly models of PD. Thus, the mitochondria represent a highly promising target for the development of PD biomarkers. However, the limited amount of dopaminergic neurons prevented investigation of their detailed study. For the first time, we established human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized wild type, idiopathic and Parkin deficient mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the adipose tissues of PD patients, which could be used as a good cellular model to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction for the better understanding of PD pathology and for the development of early diagnostic markers and effective therapy targets of PD. In this review, we examine evidence for the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased OS in the neuronal loss that leads to PD and discuss how this knowledge further improve the treatment for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Bamji SF, Page RB, Patel D, Sanders A, Alvarez AR, Gambrell C, Naik K, Raghavan AM, Burow ME, Boue SM, Klinge CM, Ivanova M, Corbitt C. Soy glyceollins regulate transcript abundance in the female mouse brain. Funct Integr Genomics 2015; 15:549-61. [PMID: 25953511 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-015-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glyceollins (Glys), produced by soy plants in response to stress, have anti-estrogenic activity in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In addition to known anti-estrogenic effects, Gly exhibits mechanisms of action not involving estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. To date, effects of Gly on gene expression in the brain are unknown. For this study, we implanted 17-β estradiol (E2) or placebo slow-release pellets into ovariectomized CFW mice followed by 11 days of exposure to Gly or vehicle i.p. injections. We then performed a microarray on total RNA extracted from whole-brain hemispheres and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA with an false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.20. In total, we identified 33 DEGs with a significant E2 main effect, 5 DEGs with a significant Gly main effect, 74 DEGs with significant Gly and E2 main effects (but no significant interaction term), and 167 DEGs with significant interaction terms. Clustering across all DEGs revealed that transcript abundances were similar between the E2 + Gly and E2-only treatments. However, gene expression after Gly-only treatment was distinct from both of these treatments and was generally characterized by higher transcript abundance. Collectively, our results suggest that whether Gly acts in the brain through ER-dependent or ER-independent mechanisms depends on the target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaya F Bamji
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Rm 139, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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Shao Y, Yamamoto M, Figeys D, Ning Z, Chan HM. Proteomic Analysis of Cerebellum in Common Marmoset Exposed to Methylmercury. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:43-51. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Monti C, Bondi H, Urbani A, Fasano M, Alberio T. Systems biology analysis of the proteomic alterations induced by MPP(+), a Parkinson's disease-related mitochondrial toxin. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:14. [PMID: 25698928 PMCID: PMC4313704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease whose etiology has not been completely characterized. Many cellular processes have been proposed to play a role in the neuronal damage and loss: defects in the proteosomal activity, altered protein processing, increased reactive oxygen species burden. Among them, the involvement of a decreased activity and an altered disposal of mitochondria is becoming more and more evident. The mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), an inhibitor of complex I, has been widely used to reproduce biochemical alterations linked to PD in vitro and its precursor, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP), to induce a Parkinson-like syndrome in vivo. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature of all the proteomic investigations of neuronal alterations due to MPP(+) treatment and compared it with our results obtained with a mitochondrial proteomic analysis of SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP(+). By using open-source bioinformatics tools, we identified the biochemical pathways and the molecular functions mostly affected by MPP(+), i.e., ATP production, the mitochondrial unfolded stress response, apoptosis, autophagy, and, most importantly, the synapse funcionality. Eventually, we generated protein networks, based on physical or functional interactions, to highlight the relationships among the molecular actors involved. In particular, we identified the mitochondrial protein HSP60 as the central hub in the protein-protein interaction network. As a whole, this analysis clarified the cellular responses to MPP(+), the specific mitochondrial proteome alterations induced and how this toxic model can recapitulate some pathogenetic events of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Monti
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Heather Bondi
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria Busto Arsizio, Italy ; Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Santa Lucia IRCCS Foundation Rome, Italy ; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria Busto Arsizio, Italy ; Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria Busto Arsizio, Italy ; Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria Busto Arsizio, Italy
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Lin X, Shi M, Masilamoni JG, Dator R, Movius J, Aro P, Smith Y, Zhang J. Proteomic profiling in MPTP monkey model for early Parkinson disease biomarker discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1854:779-87. [PMID: 25617661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Identification of reliable and robust biomarkers is crucial to enable early diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and monitoring disease progression. While imperfect, the slow, chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced non-human primate animal model system of parkinsonism is an abundant source of pre-motor or early stage PD biomarker discovery. Here, we present a study of a MPTP rhesus monkey model of PD that utilizes complementary quantitative iTRAQ-based proteomic, glycoproteomics and phosphoproteomics approaches. We compared the glycoprotein, non-glycoprotein, and phosphoprotein profiles in the putamen of asymptomatic and symptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys as well as saline injected controls. We identified 86 glycoproteins, 163 non-glycoproteins, and 71 phosphoproteins differentially expressed in the MPTP-treated groups. Functional analysis of the data sets inferred the biological processes and pathways that link to neurodegeneration in PD and related disorders. Several potential biomarkers identified in this study have already been translated for their usefulness in PD diagnosis in human subjects and further validation investigations are currently under way. In addition to providing potential early PD biomarkers, this comprehensive quantitative proteomic study may also shed insights regarding the mechanisms underlying early PD development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroproteomics: Applications in neuroscience and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Romel Dator
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Movius
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick Aro
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Liu L, Peritore C, Ginsberg J, Kayhan M, Donmez G. SIRT3 Attenuates MPTP-Induced Nigrostriatal Degeneration Via Enhancing Mitochondrial Antioxidant Capacity. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:600-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Parsons K, Nakatani Y, Nguyen MD. p600/UBR4 in the central nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1149-60. [PMID: 25424645 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A decade ago, the large 600 kDa mammalian protein p600 (also known as UBR4) was discovered as a multifunctional protein with roles in anoikis, viral transformation and protein degradation. Recently, p600 has emerged as a critical protein in the mammalian brain with roles in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal signaling and survival. How p600 integrates these apparently unrelated functions to maintain tissue homeostasis and murine survival remains unclear. The common molecular basis underlying many of the actions of p600 suggests, however, certain conservation and transposition of these functions across systems. In this review, we summarize the central nervous system functions of p600 and propose new perspectives on its biological complexity in neuronal physiology and neurological diseases.
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Ristic G, Tsou WL, Todi SV. An optimal ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the nervous system: the role of deubiquitinating enzymes. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:72. [PMID: 25191222 PMCID: PMC4137239 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway (UPP), which is critical for normal function in the nervous system and is implicated in various neurological diseases, requires the small modifier protein ubiquitin to accomplish its duty of selectively degrading short-lived, abnormal or misfolded proteins. Over the past decade, a large class of proteases collectively known as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has increasingly gained attention in all manners related to ubiquitin. By cleaving ubiquitin from another protein, DUBs ensure that the UPP functions properly. DUBs accomplish this task by processing newly translated ubiquitin so that it can be used for conjugation to substrate proteins, by regulating the "where, when, and why" of UPP substrate ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, and by recycling ubiquitin for re-use by the UPP. Because of the reliance of the UPP on DUB activities, it is not surprising that these proteases play important roles in the normal activities of the nervous system and in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the functions of DUBs in the nervous system. We focus on their role in the UPP, and make the argument that understanding the UPP from the perspective of DUBs can yield new insight into diseases that result from anomalous intra-cellular processes or inter-cellular networks. Lastly, we discuss the relevance of DUBs as therapeutic options for disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorica Ristic
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA ; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA ; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA
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Krug AK, Gutbier S, Zhao L, Pöltl D, Kullmann C, Ivanova V, Förster S, Jagtap S, Meiser J, Leparc G, Schildknecht S, Adam M, Hiller K, Farhan H, Brunner T, Hartung T, Sachinidis A, Leist M. Transcriptional and metabolic adaptation of human neurons to the mitochondrial toxicant MPP(+). Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1222. [PMID: 24810058 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the network of toxicity pathways by Omics technologies and bioinformatic data processing paves the road toward a new toxicology for the twenty-first century. Especially, the upstream network of responses, taking place in toxicant-treated cells before a point of no return is reached, is still little explored. We studied the effects of the model neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by a combined metabolomics (mass spectrometry) and transcriptomics (microarrays and deep sequencing) approach to provide unbiased data on earliest cellular adaptations to stress. Neural precursor cells (LUHMES) were differentiated to homogeneous cultures of fully postmitotic human dopaminergic neurons, and then exposed to the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor MPP+ (5 μM). At 18–24 h after treatment, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial integrity were still close to control levels, but pronounced transcriptome and metabolome changes were seen. Data on altered glucose flux, depletion of phosphocreatine and oxidative stress (e.g., methionine sulfoxide formation) confirmed the validity of the approach. New findings were related to nuclear paraspeckle depletion, as well as an early activation of branches of the transsulfuration pathway to increase glutathione. Bioinformatic analysis of our data identified the transcription factor ATF-4 as an upstream regulator of early responses. Findings on this signaling pathway and on adaptive increases of glutathione production were confirmed biochemically. Metabolic and transcriptional profiling contributed complementary information on multiple primary and secondary changes that contribute to the cellular response to MPP+. Thus, combined ‘Omics' analysis is a new unbiased approach to unravel earliest metabolic changes, whose balance decides on the final cell fate.
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Polanski W, Reichmann H, Gille G. Stimulation, protection and regeneration of dopaminergic neurons by 9-methyl-β-carboline: a new anti-Parkinson drug? Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:845-60. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pal R, Alves G, Larsen JP, Møller SG. New insight into neurodegeneration: the role of proteomics. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1181-99. [PMID: 24323427 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances within the field of proteomics, including both upstream and downstream protocols, have fuelled a transition from simple protein identification to functional analysis. A battery of proteomics approaches is now being employed for the analysis of protein expression levels, the monitoring of cellular activities and for gaining an increased understanding into biochemical pathways. Combined, these approaches are changing the way we study disease by allowing accurate and targeted, large scale protein analysis, which will provide invaluable insight into disease pathogenesis. Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), prion disease, and other diseases that affect the neuromuscular system, are a leading cause of disability in the aging population. There are no effective intervention strategies for these disorders and diagnosis is challenging as it relies primarily on clinical symptomatic features, which often overlap at early stages of disease. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers to improve early and specific diagnosis, to track disease progression, to measure molecular responses towards treatment regimes and ultimately devise new therapeutic strategies. To accomplish this, a better understanding of disease mechanisms is needed. In this review we summarize recent advances in the field of proteomics applicable to neurodegenerative disorders, and how these advances are fueling our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these complex disorders.
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Subramaniam SR, Chesselet MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 106-107:17-32. [PMID: 23643800 PMCID: PMC3742021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. Although majority of the PD cases are sporadic several genetic mutations have also been linked to the disease thus providing new opportunities to study the pathology of the illness. Studies in humans and various animal models of PD reveal that mitochondrial dysfunction might be a defect that occurs early in PD pathogenesis and appears to be a widespread feature in both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The general mitochondrial abnormalities linked with the disease include mitochondrial electron transport chain impairment, alterations in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, mitochondrial DNA mutations and anomaly in calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria are vital organelles with multiple functions and their dysfunction can lead to a decline in energy production, generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of stress-induced apoptosis. In this review, we give an outline of mitochondrial functions that are affected in the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial PD, and hence provide insights that might be valuable for focused future research to exploit possible mitochondrial targets for neuroprotective interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Raja Subramaniam
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA
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Abstract
The field of proteomics is undergoing rapid development in a number of different areas including improvements in mass spectrometric platforms, peptide identification algorithms and bioinformatics. In particular, new and/or improved approaches have established robust methods that not only allow for in-depth and accurate peptide and protein identification and modification, but also allow for sensitive measurement of relative or absolute quantitation. These methods are beginning to be applied to the area of neuroproteomics, but the central nervous system poses many specific challenges in terms of quantitative proteomics, given the large number of different neuronal cell types that are intermixed and that exhibit distinct patterns of gene and protein expression. This review highlights the recent advances that have been made in quantitative neuroproteomics, with a focus on work published over the last five years that applies emerging methods to normal brain function as well as to various neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and drug addiction as well as of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. While older methods such as two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis continued to be used, a variety of more in-depth MS-based approaches including both label (ICAT, iTRAQ, TMT, SILAC, SILAM), label-free (label-free, MRM, SWATH) and absolute quantification methods, are rapidly being applied to neurobiological investigations of normal and diseased brain tissue as well as of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While the biological implications of many of these studies remain to be clearly established, that there is a clear need for standardization of experimental design and data analysis, and that the analysis of protein changes in specific neuronal cell types in the central nervous system remains a serious challenge, it appears that the quality and depth of the more recent quantitative proteomics studies is beginning to shed light on a number of aspects of neuroscience that relates to normal brain function as well as of the changes in protein expression and regulation that occurs in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Craft
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508
| | - Anshu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508
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Zhou JY, Krovvidi RK, Gao Y, Gao H, Petritis BO, De AK, Miller-Graziano CL, Bankey PE, Petyuk VA, Nicora CD, Clauss TR, Moore RJ, Shi T, Brown JN, Kaushal A, Xiao W, Davis RW, Maier RV, Tompkins RG, Qian WJ, Camp DG, Smith RD. Trauma-associated human neutrophil alterations revealed by comparative proteomics profiling. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:571-83. [PMID: 23589343 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play an important role in mediating the innate immune response after severe traumatic injury; however, the cellular proteome response to traumatic condition is still largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We applied 2D-LC-MS/MS-based shotgun proteomics to perform comparative proteome profiling of human PMNs from severe trauma patients and healthy controls. RESULTS A total of 197 out of ~2500 proteins (being identified with at least two peptides) were observed with significant abundance changes following the injury. The proteomics data were further compared with transcriptomics data for the same genes obtained from an independent patient cohort. The comparison showed that the protein abundance changes for the majority of proteins were consistent with the mRNA abundance changes in terms of directions of changes. Moreover, increased protein secretion was suggested as one of the mechanisms contributing to the observed discrepancy between protein and mRNA abundance changes. Functional analyses of the altered proteins showed that many of these proteins were involved in immune response, protein biosynthesis, protein transport, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and apoptosis pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest increased neutrophil activation and inhibited neutrophil apoptosis in response to trauma. The study not only reveals an overall picture of functional neutrophil response to trauma at the proteome level, but also provides a rich proteomics data resource of trauma-associated changes in the neutrophil that will be valuable for further studies of the functions of individual proteins in PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Zhou
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Mei H, Xia T, Feng G, Zhu J, Lin SM, Qiu Y. Opportunities in systems biology to discover mechanisms and repurpose drugs for CNS diseases. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1208-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yadav S, Dixit A, Agrawal S, Singh A, Srivastava G, Singh AK, Srivastava PK, Prakash O, Singh MP. Rodent models and contemporary molecular techniques: notable feats yet incomplete explanations of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:495-512. [PMID: 22736079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models and molecular tools, mainly omics and RNA interference, have been rigorously used to decode the intangible etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although convention of contemporary molecular techniques and multiple rodent models paved imperative leads in deciphering the role of putative causative factors and sequential events leading to PD, complete and clear-cut mechanisms of pathogenesis are still hard to pin down. The current article reviews the implications and pros and cons of rodent models and molecular tools in understanding the molecular and cellular bases of PD pathogenesis based on the existing literature. Probable rationales for short of comprehensive leads and future possibilities in spite of the extensive applications of molecular tools and rodent models have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharawan Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shanbhag R, Shi G, Rujiviphat J, McQuibban GA. The emerging role of proteolysis in mitochondrial quality control and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Dis 2012; 2012:382175. [PMID: 22666630 DOI: 10.1155/2012/382175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are important for many diverse cellular processes, such as energy metabolism, calcium buffering, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial biology and dysfunction have recently been linked to different types of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Parkinson's disease. Thus, a better understanding of the quality control systems that maintain a healthy mitochondrial network can facilitate the development of effective treatments for these diseases. In this perspective, we will discuss recent advances on two mitochondrial quality control pathways: the UPS and mitophagy, highlight how new players may be contributing to regulate these pathways. We believe the proteases involved will be key and novel regulators of mitochondrial quality control, and this knowledge will provide insights into future studies aimed to combat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in part, by the progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neuron cell bodies within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the associated deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the striatum, which gives rise to the typical motor symptoms of PD. The mechanisms that contribute to the induction and progressive cell death of dopaminergic neurons in PD are multi-faceted and remain incompletely understood. Data from epidemiological studies in humans and molecular studies in genetic, as well as toxin-induced animal models of parkinsonism, indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in the pathogenesis of both familial and idiopathic PD. In this review, we provide an overview of toxin models of mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental Parkinson's disease and discuss mitochondrial mechanisms of neurotoxicity. RECENT ADVANCES A new toxin model using the mitochondrial toxin trichloroethylene was recently described and novel methods, such as intranasal exposure to toxins, have been explored. Additionally, recent research conducted in toxin models of parkinsonism provides an emerging emphasis on extranigral aspects of PD pathology. CRITICAL ISSUES Unfortunately, none of the existing animal models of experimental PD completely mimics the etiology, progression, and pathology of human PD. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Continued efforts to optimize established animal models of parkinsonism, as well as the development and characterization of new animal models are essential, as there still remains a disconnect in terms of translating mechanistic observations in animal models of experimental PD into bona fide disease-modifying therapeutics for human PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terina N Martinez
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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