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Xing X, Ma Y, Wang M. Reciprocal relationships between depressive symptoms and peer attachment in Chinese adolescents: The influence of early parental harsh discipline. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2025; 163:107349. [PMID: 40037179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high social acceptance and prevalence of harsh discipline in China, its long-term cascading effects on adolescent emotional/interpersonal challenges remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether peer attachment and depressive symptoms would be reciprocally related over time and how early harsh discipline influences these dynamics. PARTICIPANT AND SETTING Data was drawn from a longitudinal study over a 9-year period. Parental harsh discipline was reported by both parents at Grade 1-3 (N = 403), and depressive symptoms and peer attachment were reported by adolescents at Grade 7-9 (N = 651). METHODS The random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to assess the reciprocal association between adolescents' depressive symptoms and peer attachment. Furthermore, the predictive effects of early parental harsh discipline were examined. RESULTS There was a significant association between adolescents' depressive symptoms and peer attachment at between-person level, and these two constructs were also predicted each other at within-person level expected for the path from peer attachment at Grade 7 to depressive symptoms at Grade 8. Paternal but not maternal early harsh discipline from Grade 1 to Grade 3 could drive the dynamic within-person relations between adolescents' depressive symptoms and peer attachment. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the antecedent or concurrent factors and their processes that account for early adolescents' depressive symptoms. Intervention targeted at reducing early parental harsh discipline and improving peer relationship quality may be beneficial for alleviating adolescents' depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, PR China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, PR China
| | - Meifang Wang
- College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, PR China.
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He JL, Xu XM, Wang W, Chen JM, Zhang Q, Gan Y, Cao J, Ding DQ, Hu JH, Chen X, Kuang L. Study pressure and self harm in Chinese primary school students: the effect of depression and parent-child relationships. Front Psychiatry 2025; 16:1580527. [PMID: 40370592 PMCID: PMC12076088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1580527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Self-harm has become a significant and increasing global problem in children and adolescents. In this study, we tested a moderated mediation model to examine the impact of study pressure and depression, and one protective factor, good parent-child relationship, on self harm. Methods A self-report Questionnaire survey was conducted among 33,285 primary school students from 3rd-6th grade (mean age = 10.36 years, SD = 1.24, 51.7% girls) in Shapingba District Chongqing, China. The survey assessed study pressure, depression, parent-child relationship, and self harm behaviors. Results The reporting rates of self-harm and depression in grades 3-6 of primary school were 12.7% and 16.3%, respectively. Both moderate and high study pressure were significantly associated with an increased risk of self-harm, with depression acting as a mediator (indirect effects: moderate study pressure = 0.045, high study pressure = 0.125, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a good parent-child relationship weakened the association between study pressure and self-harm, thus self harm on moderate study pressure (β=-0.057) and on high study pressure (β=-0.032) are lower than those without the moderator of a good parent-child relationship(β=0.116; β=0.168), as well as between study pressure and depression. Conclusions This study is the first to conduct a self-harm survey in the largest population-based sample of Chinese primary school students. The results highlight the importance of monitoring study pressure, fostering a positive parent-child relationship, and managing depressive symptoms to support students' mental health. These findings enhance our understanding of the development of self-harm behaviors and can inform the design of targeted intervention programs aimed at reducing self-harm among primary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lan He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Mei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Qin Ding
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Hui Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Psychiatric Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Doğan Güney H, Göbel P. Assessment of mindfulness in addressing emotional eating and perceived stress among children aged 9-11 years. NUTR HOSP 2025; 42:10-18. [PMID: 39692240 DOI: 10.20960/nh.05222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: there is a paucity of studies in the literature examining the relationship between children, mindfulness and diet. In this context, this study was designed to assess emotional eating and perceived stressful situations with mindfulness in children. Methods: this study was conducted with the participation of 349 children (128 boys, 221 girls) aged 9-11 living in the Karabük province. The study collected data on the participants' sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, number of main meals and snacks consumed per day, meal-skipping status, reasons for skipping meals, dietary motivations, and their scores on the Mindfulness Scale for Children (BAU-MSC), the Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents (EES-C), and the Perceived Stress Scale in Children (8-11 years) (PSS-C). Results: 58.17 % of the participants had 2 main meals, 30.2 % had 3 or more main meals; 37.5 % consumed 1 snack, 31.5 % consumed 2 snacks. A positive, weakly statistically significant relationship was detected between age and body weight and height. A positive, weakly statistically significant relationship was detected between age and EES-C, anxiety-anger-disappointment subscales and PSS-C scores (r = 0.161; r = 0.178; r = 0.250; p = 0.003; p = 0.001; p = 0.000). Conclusion: future studies with larger samples are needed to better understand the relationship between mindfulness and emotional eating and perceived stress situations in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pınar Göbel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. Faculty of Health Sciences. Ankara Medipol University
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Ai M, Xu XM, Wang W, Chen J, He J, Zhang Q, Hong S, Gan Y, Cao J, Ding D, Hu J, Zhang S, Kuang L. Impact of parental marital status on self-harm in Chinese primary school students: the mediating role of depression and the moderating effect of classmate relationships. PeerJ 2025; 13:e19307. [PMID: 40196296 PMCID: PMC11974514 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Self-harm is an increasing global public health concern, with a growing prevalence in younger children. This study investigates the associations between parental marital status and self-harm behaviors among primary school students, with a focus on the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of classmate relationships. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 33,285 students (grades 3-6; mean age = 10.36 years) in the Shapingba District of Chongqing, China, from September to December 2020. Self-report measures included the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), general demographic data, self-harm behaviors, and parental marital status. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for descriptive statistics and Mplus 8.1 for structural equation modeling (SEM), assessing the effects of parental marital status on self-harm. Results The reporting rates of depression and self-harm in grades 3-6 of primary school are 16.3% and 12.7%, respectively. Parental separation exhibited a more pronounced overall impact on self-harm (β = 0.120) compared to divorce (β = 0.105). Positive classmate relationships mitigated the indirect effect of separation on self-harm mediated by depression, reducing it from 0.098 to 0.072. Additionally, these relationships attenuated the direct effect of divorce on self-harm, decreasing it from 0.088 to 0.043. Depression significantly mediates the relationship between parental separation and children's self-harm, with direct and indirect effects accounting for 53% (β = 0.057) and 47% (β = 0.063) of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion The marital status of parents, especially in cases of separation, has a significant impact on self-harm behaviors among primary school students, with depression acting as a key mediating factor. Supportive classmate relationships can alleviate this effect, highlighting their importance in mental health interventions. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of policies aimed at reducing self-harm and enhancing psychological well-being among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, GaoXin, China
| | - JianMei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Jinglan He
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Su Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Yao Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Daqin Ding
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, GaoXin, China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, GaoXin, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
- Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China
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Cai H, Niu Y, Gao X, Liu R, Liu Z, Guo X, Luo L. Dynamic Associations between Self-Efficacy and Depressive Symptoms During the Transition to Adolescence: A 3-year Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2025:10.1007/s10964-025-02181-0. [PMID: 40178704 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
The transition to adolescence is a critical period for the onset of depressive symptoms, making it crucial to examine the risk factors and consequences related to their development and maintenance. Although previous studies have suggested a negative relationship between self-efficacy and depressive symptoms, it is unclear how these two variables evolve together over time during the transition to adolescence and how these relationships vary dynamically within-person and between-person. This study used a latent curve model with structured residuals to examine whether a bidirectional relationship involving academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy and depressive symptoms exists during the transition to adolescence. A sample of 3748 Chinese early adolescents (48.2% girls; initial Mage = 9.77 years, SDage = 0.31) participated in six assessments over three years. The results revealed that, at the between-person level, the initial states and changes in the three dimensions of self-efficacy were significantly and negatively associated with those of depressive symptoms. At the within-person level, when individuals' social and emotional self-efficacy fell below their expected trajectories they followed, they experienced a subsequent increase in depressive symptoms six months later, and when individuals' depressive symptoms exceeded their expected trajectories they followed, they experienced a decrease in academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy six months later. Notably, the paths from depressive symptoms to self-efficacy were stronger and more reliable than the opposite paths. These findings revealed an asymmetric vicious cycle between self-efficacy and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Niu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liang Luo
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Geng Y, Liu W, Yu Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhao W. Socioeconomic factors and sex effects of postpartum maternal depression on offspring internalizing symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2025; 23:69. [PMID: 39915783 PMCID: PMC11804016 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-025-03877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum maternal depression and socioeconomic factors are established risk factors for the mental health of offspring. It has been consistently unclear as to whether female or male offspring are more vulnerable to the effects of postpartum maternal depression at different stages of the child's life course. To determine whether the characteristics of postpartum maternal depression with a history of prenatal depression influence sex differences in offspring internalizing symptoms across childhood and adolescence, socioeconomic factors should be considered. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CNKI, and SinoMed databases from inception to November 28, 2023, and selected longitudinal cohort studies that quantified sex differences in internalizing symptoms of children and adolescents. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. ROBINS-E tool was used to rate the quality of evidence. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were eligible between 1997 and 2023, including 24,022 mother-child dyads. Sex-difference trajectories of offspring internalizing symptoms were identified after exposure to postpartum maternal depression, ranging from a lack of significant sex differences in childhood to a higher prevalence observed among girls than boys in adolescence (SMD, 0.25, 95% CI, 0.13-0.38). Economic income and maternal education affected the associations between the magnitude and concurrent recurrence of postpartum depression and significant sex differences in adolescent internalizing symptoms, respectively. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, early nonconcurrent recurrence of postpartum depression was associated with greater odds of internalizing symptoms among adolescent girls than among boys (β = 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01-0.06); however, there was no statistical significance after adjusting for prenatal depression. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic factors differentially impacted the association between postpartum maternal depression and significant sex differences in adolescent internalizing symptoms. Independent of socioeconomic factors and prenatal depression, postpartum maternal depression was not associated with significant sex differences in adolescent internalizing symptoms. Therefore, the significant sex effects of postpartum maternal depression are more likely due to complex interactions between maternal depression and the intrauterine and postpartum environments that shape offspring sex-difference trajectories, with consequences occurring for later internalizing symptoms in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42022301445.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Geng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518037, China.
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518037, China
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518037, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518037, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518037, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518037, China.
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Bista S, Tait RJ, Straker LM, Lin A, Steinbeck K, Graham PL, Kang M, Lymer S, Robinson M, Marino JL, Skinner SR. Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from mid-childhood to late adolescence and childhood risk factors: Findings from a prospective pre-birth cohort. Dev Psychopathol 2025; 37:176-191. [PMID: 38174409 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on heterogenous co-developmental trajectories of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems from childhood to adolescence and predictors of these joint trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from Raine Study participants (n = 2393) to identify these joint trajectories from 5 to 17 years using parallel-process latent class growth analysis and analyze childhood individual and family risk factors predicting these joint trajectories using multinomial logistic regression. Five trajectory classes were identified: Low-problems (Low-INT/Low-EXT, 29%), Moderate Externalizing (Moderate-EXT/Low-INT, 26.5%), Primary Internalizing (Moderate High-INT/Low-EXT, 17.5%), Co-occurring (High-INT/High-EXT, 17%), High Co-occurring (Very High-EXT/High-INT, 10%). Children classified in Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories (27% of the sample) exhibited clinically meaningful co-occurring problem behaviors and experienced more adverse childhood risk-factors than other three trajectories. Compared with Low-problems: parental marital problems, low family income, and absent father predicted Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories; maternal mental health problems commonly predicted Primary Internalizing, Co-occurring, and High Co-occurring trajectories; male sex and parental tobacco-smoking uniquely predicted High Co-occurring membership; other substance smoking uniquely predicted Co-occurring membership; speech difficulty uniquely predicted Primary Internalizing membership; child's temper-tantrums predicted all four trajectories, with increased odds ratios for High Co-occurring (OR = 8.95) and Co-occurring (OR = 6.07). Finding two co-occurring trajectories emphasizes the importance of early childhood interventions addressing comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Bista
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute & enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Petra L Graham
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Kang
- General Practice Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharyn Lymer
- Biostatistics Consultant, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Liao X, Wang H, Ni X, Yu C. Family Economic Hardship and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Adolescents: Relative Deprivation as a Mediator and Self-Esteem as a Moderator. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:1234. [PMID: 39767375 PMCID: PMC11673796 DOI: 10.3390/bs14121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The literature provides empirical evidence that family economic hardship can increase the likelihood of adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Guided by the risky families model, this study aimed to investigate whether relative deprivation mediates the link between family economic hardship and adolescent NSSI, and whether self-esteem moderates this indirect link. A combined 673 adolescents (45.9% female; Mage = 12.81 years) completed measures of family economic hardship, relative deprivation, self-esteem, and NSSI. The results verified that relative deprivation mediated the positive link between family economic hardship and NSSI. Additionally, self-esteem moderated the effect of family economic hardship on relative deprivation. Adolescents possessing high self-esteem reported lower relative deprivation compared to those possessing low self-esteem, regardless of their level of family economic hardship. Notably, the mitigating effect of high self-esteem diminished with high family economic hardship. These findings provide deeper insights into the mechanisms by which family economic hardship affect adolescent NSSI, and have practical implications for prevention and intervention strategies targeting this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China (X.N.)
| | - Huahua Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xingcan Ni
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China (X.N.)
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China (X.N.)
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Zhang X, Merrin GJ, Slavich GM. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and emotion dysregulation phenotypes: An intersectional analysis of race/ethnicity and gender in a nationally representative U.S. sample. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 158:107129. [PMID: 39531872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are strong, preventable risk factors for emotion dysregulation in adolescence, but whether ACEs-emotion dysregulation associations differ by race/ethnicity or gender remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We examined (a) how race/ethnicity and gender jointly impact latent ACEs classes and emotion dysregulation phenotypes, and (b) how these ACEs classes in childhood (by age 9) transition to latent emotion dysregulation phenotypes in adolescence (at age 15). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 3,273 children from two waves of data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a large, nationally representative cohort. The sample consisted of 26.6% non-Hispanic (NH) Black boys, 25.4% NH Black girls, 12.9% Hispanic boys, 12.6% Hispanic girls, 11.8% NH White boys, and 10.7% NH White girls. METHOD We estimated latent class models to identify ACEs patterns across ten indicators and dysregulation phenotypes across affective, attentional, and behavioral domains. Latent transition analysis was used to examine how ACEs classes transitioned into dysregulation phenotypes from childhood into adolescence. RESULTS The findings revealed significant variation in the number and nature of latent classes of both ACEs and emotion dysregulation across the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender. NH Black and Hispanic children were more likely to be in the Poverty and Parental Separation class than NH White children. Hispanic boys had the highest prevalence of Severe Dysregulation (16%), whereas NH White boys had the highest prevalence of Low Symptoms (52%). Individuals in the Poverty and Parental Separation class had a higher probability of transitioning to the Low Symptoms class. In contrast, those in the Abuse and Family Dysfunction class were more likely to transition to the Severe Dysregulation class, with NH White girls showing the highest probability (.34), nearly twice that of NH Black girls (.19). These gender differences in these transition probabilities were observed for Whites but not Blacks. CONCLUSIONS These findings thus highlight the need for adopting an intersectional, person-centered approach when studying the effects of ACEs on adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gabriel J Merrin
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Anjorin O, Busari JO. Unpacking the Social Constructs of Discrimination, Othering, and Belonging in Medical Schools. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024; 36:660-668. [PMID: 37424255 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2230211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
ISSUE Triggered by the lived experiences of the authors-one junior career, female, and black; the other senior career, male, and black-we provide a critical, sociological overview of the plight of racial/ethnic minority students in medical education. We analyze the concepts of categorization, othering, and belonging in medical education, which we use to shed light on the psychological and academic consequences of overgeneralizing social categories. EVIDENCE The ability to categorize people into different social groups is a natural, subconscious phenomenon. Creating social groups is believed to aid people in navigating the world. This permits people to relate to others based on assumed opinions and actions. Race and gender are two primary dimensions of categorization, with race or ethnicity being a particularly salient category. However, over-generalization of social categories can lead the categorizer to think, judge, and treat themselves and members of a perceived group similarly, leading to prejudice and stereotyping. Social categorization also occurs in educational settings across the globe. The consequences of categorization may influence a student's feelings of belonging and academic success. IMPLICATIONS Our analysis reflects on how to promote equitable opportunities for ethnic minority medical trainees through the lens of those who have experienced and succeeded in an inequitable system. By revisiting the social and psychological constructs that determine and influence the academic progress and success of minority students in medical education, we discovered that more engagement is (still) needed for critical discourse on this topic. We expect such conversations to help generate new insights to improve inclusion and equity in our educational systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolayo Anjorin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jamiu O Busari
- Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. Horacio Oduber Hospital, Oranjestad, Aruba
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11
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Gong J, Wang T, Gong L, Li K, Wang Y. Identifying the risk of depression in a large sample of adolescents: An artificial neural network based on random forest. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1485-1497. [PMID: 38837218 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model incorporating random forest (RF) screening ability for predicting the risk of depression in adolescents and identifies key risk factors to provide a new approach for primary care screening of depression among adolescents. METHODS The data were from a large cross-sectional study conducted in China from July to September 2021, enrolling 8635 adolescents aged 10-17 with their parents. We used the Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) to rate adolescent depression symptoms, using scales and single-item questions to collect demographic information and other variables. Initial model variables screening used the RF importance assessment, followed by building prediction model using the screened variables through the ANN. RESULTS The rate of depression symptoms in adolescents was 24.6%, and the depression risk prediction model was built based on 70% of the training set and 30% of the test set. Ten variables were included in the final prediction model with a model accuracy of 85.03%, AUC of 0.892, specificity of 89.79%, and sensitivity of 70.81%. The top 10 significant factors of depression risk were adolescent rumination, adolescent self-esteem, adolescent mobile phone addiction, peer victimization, care in parenting styles, overprotection in parenting styles, academic pressure, conflict in parent-child relationship, parental rumination, and relationship between parents. CONCLUSIONS The ANN model based on the RF effectively identifies depression risk in adolescents and provides a methodological reference for large-scale primary screening. Cross-sectional studies and single-item scales limit further improvements in model accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Division of Medical Administration, The Third People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Linlin Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kaida Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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12
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Shen Q, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Cui Y, Shang J, Yuan X, Geng F, Sun L, Liu Z, Yang R, Zhang K, Liu H. Association of Pain Intensity and Sensitivity with Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents with Depressive Disorder. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:3121-3131. [PMID: 39280037 PMCID: PMC11397253 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s473074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to further explore the association of pain intensity and sensitivity with suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder by comparing the differences in pain intensity and sensitivity between adolescent patients with depressive disorders and healthy controls. Patients and Methods A consecutive enrollment method was used to select 158 adolescent patients with depressive disorders from three hospitals in Anhui Province as the MDD group, and 47 healthy adolescents were recruited as the Control group. The subjects' suicidal ideation was assessed using the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation scale (PANSI), and the intensity of somatic pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11). Subjects were assessed for forearm and tibial pain sensitivity using a hand-held pressure pain instrument, and experimental pain sensitivity measures included pressure pain threshold (PPT) and pressure pain tolerance (PTO). Differences in pain intensity and sensitivity between the MDD group and the Control group were compared, and the association of pain intensity and sensitivity with suicidal ideation was analyzed. Results The incidence of physical pain in adolescent depressive disorder was higher at 88.6%, which was significantly higher than the Control group (P<0.001), and the pain intensity in the MDD group (3.77±2.48) was significantly higher than the Control group (0.617±0.99) (P <0.001).The Pain tolerance was significantly higher in the MDD group (forearm 105.37 ± 41.46; tibia 121.29 ± 41.60) than in the Control group (forearm 91.92 ± 37.62; tibia 105.47 ± 35.52) (P < 0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that the greater the pain intensity and pain tolerance, the higher the total PANSI score.Binary logistic regression showed that pain intensity was an influencing factor for suicidal ideation. Conclusion Adolescents with depressive disorders have higher pain intensity and lower pain sensitivity than healthy adolescents. Increased pain intensity and pain tolerance were positively correlated with suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingao Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Fuyang Third People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Fuyang Third People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Fuyang Third People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Brain Bank Construction and Resource Utilization, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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13
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Korczak DJ, Lo RF, Rizeq J, Crosbie J, Charach A, Anagnostou E, Birken CS, Monga S, Kelley E, Nicolson R, Arnold PD, Maguire JL, Schachar RJ, Georgiades S, Burton CL, Cost KT. The trajectory of depression and anxiety among children and adolescents over two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116101. [PMID: 39068897 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Longitudinal research examining children's mental health (MH) over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce. We examined trajectories of depression and anxiety over two pandemic years among children with and without MH disorders. Parents and children 2-18 years completed surveys at seven timepoints (April 2020 to June 2022). Parents completed validated measures of depression and anxiety for children 8-18 years, and validated measures of emotional/behavioural symptoms for children 2-7 years old; children ≥10 years completed validated measures of depression and anxiety. Latent growth curve analysis determined depression and anxiety trajectories, accounting for demographics, child and parent MH. Data were available on 1315 unique children (1259 parent-reports; 550 child-reports). Trajectories were stable across the study period, however individual variation in trajectories was statistically significant. Of included covariates, only initial symptom level predicted symptom trajectories. Among participants with pre-COVID data, a significant increase in depression symptoms relative to pre-pandemic levels was observed; children and adolescents experienced elevated and sustained levels of depression and anxiety during the two-year period. Findings have direct policy implications in the prioritization and of maintenance of educational, recreational, and social activities with added MH supports in the face of future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Korczak
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ronda F Lo
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
| | - Jala Rizeq
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alice Charach
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Departments of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J Schachar
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christie L Burton
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada
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14
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Yang J, Zhang R, Zhou K, Zhou J, Wang X, Yang W, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang L, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lin Y, Wang F. Exploring Multiple Perspectives on Psychological Health of Adolescents in Relation to Gender and School Grade - Jiangsu Province, China, 2022. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:713-718. [PMID: 39050019 PMCID: PMC11264053 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Mental health issues in Chinese children and adolescents have emerged as a substantial public health concern, causing distress and strain among families and society. What is added by this report? This study examines the effects of gender and school grade on mental health symptoms and risky behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents, with a particular focus on the role of family and school environments. What are the implications for public health practice? Caregivers and educators should enhance their awareness and skills in supporting the mental health of children. These findings offer critical insights for the early detection and intervention of mental health issues in Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Keyin Zhou
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinshuai Zhou
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Rosen MG, Grochowalski JH. Change Score and Subscore Precision and Reliability of the Children's Depression Inventory. Assessment 2024; 31:1124-1134. [PMID: 37902042 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231204832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) is often used to assess change in depression over time, but no studies estimate the reliability of CDI change scores nor its five subscores. Our study investigated the reliability of change scores for both the total score on the CDI as well as its five subscores. We examined CDI responses from 186 maltreated children and estimated change score reliability for relative (e.g., comparison) and absolute (e.g., diagnosis) purposes. We also conducted subscore utility analysis, which determines if subscores have adequate reliability and provide information beyond the total score. We found that the total change score had acceptable reliability of .70 for our sample for both relative and absolute interpretations. In addition, the total score was a better predictor of true subscore values than the observed subscores-suggesting subscores did not add value over the total score, and that the reliability of changes in subscores was too low to be useful for any purpose. In summary, we found that the total CDI change scores were useful for assessing change in studies that examine relative or absolute change, and we advise caution when interpreting CDI subscores based on our analysis.
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16
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Jouriles EN, Johnson E, Rancher C, Johnson JLC, Cook K, McDonald R. Adolescents Who Have Been Sexually Abused: Trauma Symptoms and Self-Blame while Waiting for Treatment. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:680-689. [PMID: 35486470 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2051527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents who have been sexually abused commonly experience trauma symptoms, and many are referred for trauma-based treatment. However, they sometimes spend considerable time on waitlists before beginning treatment. This study examines the course of trauma symptoms among adolescents who have been sexually abused and are waiting for treatment, and the extent to which self-blame for the abuse predicts trauma symptoms at the beginning of treatment. METHOD Participants were 127 adolescents (89.0% female, Mage = 13.61 years; 53.2% identified as Hispanic) at a Children's Advocacy Center in the southern United States. All had reported being sexually abused. Participants reported on their trauma symptoms and self-blame appraisals at a screening assessment (T1), and trauma symptoms were re-assessed at the beginning of treatment (T2). RESULTS The mean level of trauma symptoms declined over time for the total sample. Regression analyses indicated that greater self-blame for the abuse at T1 was associated with higher levels of trauma symptoms at T2, even when controlling for T1 trauma symptoms and other correlates of T2 trauma symptoms. Higher levels of trauma symptoms at T1 and adolescent sex (female) were also associated with higher levels of trauma symptoms at T2. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that assessing for self-blame for sexual abuse may be important in triage and treatment planning for youth with trauma symptoms after experiencing sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Texas, USA
| | - Caitlin Rancher
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Renee McDonald
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Texas, USA
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17
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Pei F. The effects of two types of neighborhood factors on trajectory of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from early childhood to adolescence. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305632. [PMID: 38917156 PMCID: PMC11198850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although a robust body of previous empirical studies investigated the long-term trend of child behavior problems, limited research discussed the influences of various types of neighborhood factors on such trajectory (e.g., neighborhood structural characteristics and collective efficacy). Using a nationally representative longitudinal dataset the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), with six waves from 1998 to 2017, this study captures the longitudinal effects of two types of early childhood neighborhood factors on the co-development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data was collected at the focal child's age 3, age 5, age 9, age 15 (N = 2,385), and the parallel-process growth curve models were applied. Results suggest that the trajectories of both internalization and externalizing symptoms showed U-shape and bidirectional relationships among internalizing and externalizing problems. The long-term effects of neighborhood social cohesion and economic disadvantages were significantly associated with children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The implication of this study was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
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18
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Vergara-Lopez C, Sokol NA, Bublitz MH, Gaffey AE, Gomez A, Mercado N, Silk JS, Stroud LR. Exploring the Impact of Maternal and Paternal Acceptance on Adolescent Girls' Emotion Regulation. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:320-326. [PMID: 35916983 PMCID: PMC10316317 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal acceptance is associated with youth emotion regulation (a correlate of depression among adolescent girls); however, less is known about the impact of fathers. In this prospective study, we examined effects of maternal and paternal acceptance on youth sadness inhibition (a facet of emotion dysregulation) among adolescent girls (n = 82; Mage = 13.28; 43% from minoritized racial/ethnic groups) over 1 year. Youth varied on depression risk, which was assessed via clinical diagnostic interviews. Bivariate results showed that maternal acceptance was associated with lower youth sadness inhibition at baseline and 1-year follow-up, while paternal acceptance was only associated with lower youth sadness inhibition at 1-year follow-up. Step-wise regressions showed that paternal acceptance was inversely associated with youth sadness inhibition over time, above and beyond effects of youth age, baseline sadness inhibition, depression risk, and maternal acceptance. Findings highlight the importance of examining both mothers' and fathers' impact on adolescent girls' development of emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
| | - Natasha A Sokol
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Women's Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Allison E Gaffey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Gomez
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Nadia Mercado
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
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19
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Anderson AS, Siciliano RE, Gruhn MA, Bettis AH, Reising MM, Watson KH, Dunbar JP, Compas BE. Youth coping and symptoms of anxiety and depression: associations with age, gender, and peer stress. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 43:12421-12433. [PMID: 40255870 PMCID: PMC12007690 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-05363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2025]
Abstract
During late childhood and early adolescence, youth experience heightened stress exposure and rates of mental health disorders, emphasizing the need to investigate how youth cope with stress as a potential mechanism of risk and/or resilience. This study examined youths' age, gender, and peer-related stress exposure as moderators of the relationships among coping and anxious/depressed symptoms during this important developmental period. To sample participants with a broad range of internalizing psychopathology symptoms, a community sample of 120 older children and adolescents (46% female, M age = 12.28) was recruited through mental health clinics and a university-based study finder in a southeastern metropolitan area. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing coping strategies, stress exposure, demographic information, and anxious/depressed symptoms in a cross-sectional study. Analyses included interactions among age, gender, and peer stress as predictors of youths' coping strategies and anxious/depressed symptoms. There were significant associations between age, gender, coping strategies, and symptoms, where girls reported more anxiety and depression symptoms compared to boys, and primary and secondary control coping strategy use increased with age. The findings expand upon previous studies by showing gender differences in the relation among secondary control coping and internalizing problems at different ages. Additionally, findings demonstrate that degrees of peer stress exposure show associations with disengagement coping across development, which may contribute to the onset of internalizing symptoms in older girls. Findings may be used to inform interventions by promoting the use of more adaptive forms of coping to prevent internalizing disorders in youth. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Dubé C, Morin AJS, Olivier E, Tóth-Király I, Tracey D, Craven RG, Maïano C. Longitudinal Associations Between Relationship Quality and Depression Among Youth with Intellectual Disabilities: A Latent Change Perspective. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:673-690. [PMID: 36436145 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates associations between initial levels and change in the quality of the relationships youth with intellectual disabilities (ID) share with their parents and teachers, and changes in their levels of depression over time. A sample of 395 youth with mild (48.3%) and moderate (51.7%) ID, aged between 11 and 22 (M = 15.69), were recruited in Canada (n = 142) and Australia (n = 253). Youth completed self-report measures of relationship quality and depression twice over a one-year period. Initial levels of warmth (β = - .109) and conflict (β = - .302) predicted decreases in depression. Increases in warmth predicted decreases in depression (β = - .179), while increases in conflict predicted increases in depression (β = .268). Discrepancies between youth relationships with their parents and teachers predicted decreases in depression (βwarmth = - .732; βconflict = - .608).
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Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Dubé
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Olivier
- Département de psychopédagogie et d'andragogie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Danielle Tracey
- School of Education, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rhonda G Craven
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérome, Canada
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21
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Niu Y, Guo X, Cai H, Luo L. The relation between family socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in mainland China: a meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1292411. [PMID: 38264252 PMCID: PMC10803464 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Family socioeconomic status (SES) is widely believed to be associated with depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. The correlation between SES and depressive symptoms changes based on social culture and the economic development level. In China, which includes many children and adolescents, the magnitude of the relationship between SES and depressive symptoms and its potential moderators remains unclear. The current meta-analysis was conducted to determine the overall association between SES and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents in mainland China. We included 197 estimates in mainland China from 2000-2023. Among 147,613 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years, the results showed a weak but significant overall negative association between SES and depression (r = -0.076). Moderator testing showed that the composite SES indicator (r = -0.104) had a stronger association with depression than parental educational level (r = -0.065) and occupational status (r = -0.025) but not family income (r = -0.088). Additionally, the negative association between SES and depression became weaker over the past 20 years in China (β = 0.010). Furthermore, the magnitude of the relationship between SES and depression was stronger in West China (r = -0.094) than in Middle China (r = -0.065), but not East China (r = -0.075). These findings indicate that the relationship between SES and depression among children and adolescents in mainland China may vary based on social contexts. It is necessary to further explore the effect of these social factors and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Niu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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22
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Polo AJ, Solano-Martinez JE, Saldana L, Ramos AD, Herrera M, Ullrich T, DeMario M. The Epidemic of Internalizing Problems Among Latinx Adolescents Before and During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:66-82. [PMID: 36998122 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2169925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latinx youth exhibit disproportionately higher internalizing symptoms than their peers from other racial/ethnic groups. This study compares depression and anxiety symptoms between referred students of Latinx and non-Latinx backgrounds before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines key determinants within the Latinx sample. METHOD Data are analyzed from four academic years - two before and two during the pandemic - from 1220 5th through 8th grade students (Mage = 12.1; 59.6% female; 59.9% Latinx or mixed-Latinx) referred for services across 59 Chicago Public School District (CPS) elementary schools. Using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), mean scores and risk levels for depression, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety are examined. RESULTS Higher internalizing risk and comorbidity rates were found in the second year of the pandemic, compared to pre-pandemic levels. Latinx students reported higher depression, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety symptoms than non-Latinx students. During the pandemic, more Latinx students were classified as having comorbid depression and anxiety, and scored in the clinical range for depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety than non-Latinx students. Within the Latinx sample, girls and gender non-conforming students reported the highest maladjustment. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the pressing need to examine the long-term impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of Latinx children and adolescents, and to address their internalizing problems.
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Gersamia AG, Pochigaeva KI, Less YE, Akzhigitov RG, Guekht AB, Gulyaeva NV. [Gender characteristics of depressive disorders: clinical, psychological, neurobiological and translational aspects]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:7-16. [PMID: 38529858 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20241240317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Various studies have indicated that the prevalence of depression is almost twice as high among women as among men. A major factor associated with the development of depression and other affective disorders are adverse and psychologically traumatic life events that contribute to changes in the neuroendocrine system, altering the capacity to adapt to stress. These changes are involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, along with genetic and other factors, and are to a significant degree regulated by gender dependent mechanisms. While women have a high prevalence of depressive disorders, men show a higher rate of alcohol and substance abuse. These differences in the epidemiology are most likely explained by different predisposition to mental disorders in men and women and a diversity of biological consequences to adverse life events. Taking this into account, there is a need for a critical review of currently used approaches to modeling depressive disorders in preclinical studies, including the use of animals of both sexes. Adaptation of experimental models and protocols taking into account gender characteristics of neuroendocrine changes in response to stress, as well as structural-morphological, electrophysiological, molecular, genetic and epigenetic features, will significantly increase the translational validity of experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Gersamia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - K I Pochigaeva
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu E Less
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - R G Akzhigitov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Guekht
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Stein GL, Salcido V, Gomez Alvarado C. Resilience in the Time of COVID-19: Familial Processes, Coping, and Mental Health in Latinx Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:83-97. [PMID: 36701384 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2158838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated COVID-19 stressors and silver linings, familism values, familial resilience, and coping, and their relation to internalizing symptoms among Latinx youth. METHOD A community sample of 135 Latinx adolescents completed online surveys 6-months apart (M age = 16, 59.3% female; majority U.S-born). RESULTS COVID-19 stress was associated with more depressive (β = .18, p = .027) and anxiety (β = .21, p = .010) symptoms. However, COVID-19 stress was related to higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms only for youth who engaged in low (β = .38, p < .001; β = .38, p = .001) and medium (β = .19, p = .004; β = .22, p = .011) levels of problem-focused engagement coping. Higher levels of family resilience were associated with lower cross-sectional depressive symptoms (β = -.28, p = .004). For longitudinal models, a significant relation between COVID-19 stress and problem-focused engagement predicted Time 2 depressive symptoms (β = -.20, p < .041). CONCLUSION Latinx youth who experienced high levels of COVID-19 stress who enacted problem-focused coping fared better across the pandemic. Familial resilience did not carry the same longitudinal benefit but did bolster mental health concurrently. Clinicians should endeavor to buttress familial resilience processes in addition to problem-engaged coping for Latinx youth in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie Salcido
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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25
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Martino RM, Weissman DG, McLaughlin KA, Hatzenbuehler ML. Associations Between Structural Stigma and Psychopathology Among Early Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37916808 PMCID: PMC11063121 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2272936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ample evidence demonstrates that structural stigma - defined as societal-level conditions, cultural norms, and institutional policies and practices that constrain opportunities, resources, and well-being of stigmatized populations - is associated with psychopathology in adults from marginalized groups. Yet there is limited research on whether structural stigma is similarly associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms among youth. METHOD Structural stigma related to sex, sexual orientation, race, and Latinx ethnicity was measured using indicators of state-level policy and aggregated attitudes. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,414; M age = 12 years, SD = 0.66; 48% female, 6.8% lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB), 13.4% Black, 20% Latinx), we examined associations of structural stigma with internalizing and externalizing symptoms among female, LGB, Black, and Latinx youth. RESULTS LGB youth living in higher (vs. lower) structural stigma states had elevated levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In lower structural stigma states, there were no differences in externalizing symptoms between LGB and heterosexual youth. Similarly, Latinx youth and females living in higher (vs. lower) structural stigma states had elevated levels of externalizing symptoms. In lower structural stigma states, there were no differences in externalizing symptoms between Latinx youth and non-Latinx White youth. Structural stigma related to race was unrelated to internalizing or externalizing symptoms for Black youth. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence that macro-level social environments, in the form of structural stigma, contribute to adverse mental health outcomes for marginalized youth and partly explain disparities in externalizing symptoms.
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Binsaif S, Reynolds S, Jenkins P. Prevalence of depression symptoms among female adolescents in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2023; 36:286-292. [PMID: 37221144 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of elevated depression symptoms among female adolescents in Saudi Arabia report a wide variation, ranging from 13.9% to 80.2%. However, different methods of assessment and sampling have been used. The aim of the current study is to estimate the prevalence of elevated depression symptoms amongst female adolescents in Saudi Arabia using a gold-standard self-report measure, the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). DESIGN AND MEASURES A cross-sectional study was conducted with 515 female students aged 13-18 years, recruited from public schools. Participants completed the Arabic versions of the MFQ, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS Mean MFQ score for this sample was 26.35 and almost half of participants (48.2%) had scores above the cut-off. Severity of depression varied with age, with those aged 13 showing reduced symptoms, and was negatively correlated with self-esteem and perceived social support. There were no associations with other demographic factors. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of depression symptoms were common in this sample. This highlights the need to improve public mental health in this community and to improve methods of identifying and treating depression in female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samr Binsaif
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Shirley Reynolds
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Paul Jenkins
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Zhang S, Ding F, Sun Y, Jing Z, Li N. Negative Life Events on Depression of Vocational Undergraduates in the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Approach Perspective: A Mediated Moderation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:895. [PMID: 37998642 PMCID: PMC10669152 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following China's strategy of developing applied and compound social talents, vocational undergraduates are surging rapidly, and it is essential to understand the causes of their depression to effectively prevent and intervene in schools. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between negative life events (NLEs) and depression among vocational undergraduates in China, along with the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS A convenience sample survey was conducted at a vocational education university (N = 1487), and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. RESULTS Findings showed that NLEs directly predicted depression (β = 0.399, 95% CI [0.339, 0.452], p < 0.001) among vocational undergraduates. Furthermore, this relationship was partially mediated by loneliness (β = 0.182, 95% CI [0.145, 221], p < 0.001); SES moderated the link between NLEs and depression (β = 0.051, 95% CI [0.004, 092], p < 0.05), but not between NLEs and loneliness (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights the impact of NLEs on depression among vocational undergraduates, indicating the importance of addressing NLEs and consequent feelings of loneliness to promote mental health. In addition, the moderating role of SES underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of NLEs on depression. The present study contributes to our understanding of the unique characteristics of depression in vocational undergraduates and has practical implications for psychological support services. Moreover, it probably has broader implications for addressing mental health challenges in global education settings for vocational undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Zhang
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
| | - Fengqin Ding
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
| | - Yishu Sun
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
| | - Zhi Jing
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
- Mental Health Counseling Center, Erdos College of Applied Technology, Ordos 010020, China
| | - Ning Li
- Cognitive Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Institute of Teacher Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.J.); (N.L.)
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Ningxia Provincial Mental Health Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Ningan Mental Health Hospital, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Zhang X, Lv T, Leavey G, Zhu N, Li X, Li Y, Chen Y. Does depression affect the association between prosocial behavior and anxiety? A cross-sectional study of students in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1274253. [PMID: 37886045 PMCID: PMC10598463 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies have suggested that adolescents' prosocial behavior can protect against depression and anxiety. It is known that anxiety and depression are often comorbid. However, it remains unclear if when depression is present, prosocial behavior remains protective against anxiety, and if when anxiety is present, prosocial behavior remains protective against depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of anxiety and depressive with prosocial behavior. Methods A large representative sample of middle-school students was recruited for a cross-sectional study and completed standardized instruments (the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Child version (SCARED-C), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the protective effect of prosocial behavior against anxiety when depression was present. Results A survey of 3,510 students was conducted, and the final analysis included 3,169 students, comprising 1,616 boys (51.0%) and 1,553 girls (49.0%), with a mean age of 13.09 years (SD = 1.31, range 11-16).The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression in early adolescents were 31.6 and 16.7%, respectively. More than two-thirds of depressed adolescents had comorbid anxiety, while more than one-third of anxious adolescents had comorbid depression. Regression models showed that compared with depressed adolescents, adolescents without depressive symptoms exhibited a significant negative correlation between prosocial behaviors and anxiety and depression (β = -0.01, p > 0.01, β = -0.06, p > 0.01; β = -0.11, p < 0.01, and β = -0.17, p < 0.01). There was no difference in the relationship between prosocial behavior and depression between anxious and non-anxious adolescents (p > 0.05). Conclusion Anxiety and depression are common in adolescence and are often comorbid disorders. However, the comorbidity is not symmetrical. Specifically, the protective effect of prosocial behavior against anxiety is weaker in depressed adolescents. Findings are discussed in light of related research and theory, and insights for intervention programs and future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lv
- People’s Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, China
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Na Zhu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Yuan W, Chen L, Wu Y, Su B, Liu J, Zhang Y, Chen M, Ma Y, Guo T, Wang X, Ma T, Ma Q, Cui M, Ma J, Dong Y. Sleep time and quality associated with depression and social anxiety among children and adolescents aged 6-18 years, stratified by body composition. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:321-328. [PMID: 37343629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep has been suggested as risk factors for depression and social anxiety in children and adolescents, but little is known about the role of individual body composition on these association. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional survey of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Beijing, China, in 2020, and assessed body composition by using iDXA dual-energy X-ray bone densitometer. Generalized liner model (GLM) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were employed to analyze the associations between sleep and depression and social anxiety with different body composition. The attributable fraction (AFs) to assess the benefits of improvements of sleep in reducing depression and social anxiety odds. RESULTS Depression and social anxiety accounted for 13.1 % and 30.3 % of the study population. Sleep time was significantly associated with depression (HR = 2.35[1.58, 3.50]), and social anxiety (HR = 1.65[1.24, 2.20]); and sleep quality was significantly associated with depression (HR = 7.27[4.87, 10.84]), and social anxiety (HR = 2.54 [1.99, 3.25]) among children and adolescents. The exposure to both insufficient sleep time and poor sleep quality were associated with a higher odd of depression and social anxiety, but lower BF%, higher muscle rate and FFM/FM alleviated the adverse effects of sleep quality on depression and social anxiety. LIMITATIONS Conclusions about causality remain speculative because of the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Insufficient sleep time, poor sleep quality, high BF%, low muscle rate and FFM/FM can jointly associate with anxiety and depression. This study provides new evidence support for accurate prevention and control of mental diseases in children and adolescents with different body types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Binbin Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District 750004, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengjie Cui
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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Tilton-Weaver L, Rose A. The trade-offs of co-ruminating with friends: A profile analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:957-972. [PMID: 37013948 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' co-ruminating with friends has been tied to trade-offs: having higher quality friendships but experiencing more depressive symptoms. To determine if individual youth experience these trade-offs, we applied a person-centered approach to Swedish adolescents' self-reports of co-rumination with friends, depressive symptoms, and friend support (n = 2767, aged 12-16, 52% girls; 88% Swedish). We found four latent profiles: Two high in co-rumination and two low. One high co-rumination profile exhibited the proposed trade-offs; the other reported high friendship support and fewer depressive symptoms. Comparisons indicated that the trade-offs profile were primarily girls and exhibited comparatively more difficulties with stress regulation, conceptions of their parents and themselves, and relations with peers. Focusing on the complexity of co-rumination could reveal further nuances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Rose
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Sun Y, Zhong Y, Sun W, Chu L, Long J, Fan XW. More prevalent and more severe: gender differences of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1167234. [PMID: 37521991 PMCID: PMC10372346 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1167234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression has become a leading problem around the world, especially as the COVID-19 pandemic has remained prevalent and heavily influenced people's mental health. While gender difference has always been a topic in the field of psychiatry, there are cultural differences across the world that must be taken into account. The current study is examining gender differences in symptoms of Chinese adolescents with depression. METHODS The sample was obtained from a total of 574 adolescent patients (172 males and 402 females) diagnosed with depression following the DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnostic criteria; patients who also had other severe mental or physical illnesses were excluded. The ages of participants ranged from 10 to 19 years. Additionally, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to examine differences in symptoms between different gender and age groups. The LPA was used to examine whether females and males were having different patterns of symptoms. RESULTS Our analysis showed that compared to males, females exhibited higher rates of depression and more severe depressive symptoms across age groups. Likewise, the analysis also revealed an earlier onset of depression among Chinese adolescents compared to that in Western countries in previous studies. Finally, the LPA showed that mild to moderate depression was predominant in male patients, while severe depression was predominant in female patients. CONCLUSION This study highlights the gender differences in the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. The current study highlighted the importance of gender equality and developing gender-friendly interventions in maintaining the overall mental health of adolescents in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Psychological Assessment and Research Center, Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wenzhao Sun
- Psychological Assessment and Research Center, Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjun Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- The Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xi Wang Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Plamondon A, Tarabulsy GM, Dionne G, Ouellet-Morin I, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Boivin M. Inattention, academic underachievement, and depressive symptoms: uncovering environmental and genetic pathways from middle to late childhood. FRONTIERS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2023; 2:1113938. [PMID: 39816893 PMCID: PMC11732015 DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Introduction School underachievement has been shown to mediate the association between inattention and depressive symptoms in middle childhood. However, is it not clear whether these sequential associations are underpinned by genetic and environmental pathways, and the extent to which associated disruptive behaviors, such as hyperactivity/impulsivity, and peer relation difficulties partly account for these associations. Methods The present study used a longitudinal study of twins assessed from Kindergarten to Grade 6 to address these questions using multivariate biometric modeling. Results The hypothesized genetically informed (twin) model revealed that over and above disruptive behaviors and relational difficulties, there was evidence for (1) shared genetic factors partly accounting for these associations, and for (2) putative phenotype-to-phenotype associations sequentially linking inattention, school achievement, and depressive symptoms. Discussion Confirmation of the expected sequence of phenotype-to-phenotype associations (i.e., in addition to shared genetic factors) suggests an environmental pathway linking these phenotypes. The discussion focuses on the relevance and significance of these pathways for understanding the development of school and mental health problems, as well as for the identification of children at risk and early preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Plamondon
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ginette Dionne
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Anant N, Kaur D, Nadarajan R, Phua DY, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chen H, Broekman B, Meaney MJ, Ang YS. Validating the Children's Depression Inventory-2: Results from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286197. [PMID: 37228057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood-onset depression has adverse consequences that are sustained into adulthood, which increases the significance of detection in early childhood. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is used globally in evaluating depressive symptom severity in adolescents, and its second version, the CDI-2, was developed by taking into account advances in childhood depression research. Prior research has reported inconsistencies in its factor structure across populations. In addition, the CDI-2 has not yet been empirically validated with Southeast Asian populations. This study sought to empirically validate the CDI-2's psychometric properties and evaluate its factorial structure with a Singaporean community sample of non-clinical respondents. A total sample of 730 Singaporean children aged between 8.5 and 10.5 years was used. Psychometric properties of the CDI-2, including internal consistency as well as convergent and discriminant validity, were assessed. Factor analyses were conducted to assess the developers' original two-factor structure for a Southeast Asian population. This two-factor structure was not supported in our sample. Instead, the data provided the best fit for a hierarchical two-factor structure with factors namely, socio-emotional problems and cognitive-behavioural problems. This finding suggests that socio-cultural and demographic elements influence interpretation of depressive symptoms and therefore the emerging factor structure of the construct under scrutiny. This study highlights the need to further examine the CDI-2 and ensure that its interpretation is culture-specific. More qualitative work could also bring to light the idiosyncratic understanding of depressive symptomatology, which would then guide culture-specific validation of the CDI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Anant
- Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Divjyot Kaur
- School of Health and Social Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ranjani Nadarajan
- Translational Neurosciences Division, Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Desiree Y Phua
- Translational Neurosciences Division, Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Translational Neurosciences Division, Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Translational Neurosciences Division, Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Centre, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Translational Neurosciences Division, Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brain-Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuen-Siang Ang
- Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Brain-Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Asher BlackDeer Msw PhD Candidate A, Patterson Silver Wolf PhD DA, Maguin PhD E, Beeler-Stinn PhD S. Depression and anxiety among college students: Understanding the impact on grade average and differences in gender and ethnicity. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1091-1102. [PMID: 34242525 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1920954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, can hinder academic performance among college-age individuals. Participants: Mental health among college students is a growing public health concern, with some scholars describing collegiate mental health as a crisis (Chen et al., Psychiatr Serv. 2019;70(6):442-449). Methods: This study analyzes data from four annual administrations of the American College Health Association (ACHA)'S NCHA (n = 117,430). Results: Overall, anxiety and depression were the most common conditions, at 9.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Of students reporting the focal symptom, 17.87% were treated for depression and 12.91% were treated for anxiety. Compared to not-treated students, diagnosed only students, had significantly lower grade averages, with effect sizes of -0.30 and -0.20 for depression and anxiety, respectively. Conclusions: Given the prevalence of depression and anxiety among college-aged students, continued research into help seeking behaviors and their effects on outcomes like grade average is an essential part of understanding the toll these disorders take.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eugene Maguin PhD
- Research Scientist, Buffalo Center for Social Research, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sara Beeler-Stinn PhD
- PhD Candidate, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Huang P, Chan SY, Ngoh ZM, Nadarajan R, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Chen H, Fortier MV, Tan AP, Meaney MJ. Functional connectivity analysis of childhood depressive symptoms. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103395. [PMID: 37031637 PMCID: PMC10120398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood depression is a highly distinct and prevalent condition with an unknown neurobiological basis. We wish to explore the resting state fMRI data in children for potential associations between neural connectivity and childhood depressive symptoms. METHODS A longitudinal birth cohort study with neuroimaging data obtained at 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 years of age and the Children Depression Inventory 2 (CDI) administered between 8.5 and 10.5 years was used. The CDI score was used as the dependent variable and tested for correlation, both simple Pearson and network based statistic, with the functional connectivity values obtained from the resting state fMRI. Cross-validated permutation testing with a general linear model was used to validate that the identified functional connections were indeed implicated in childhood depression. RESULTS Ten functional connections and four brain regions (Somatomotor Area B, Temporoparietal Junction, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Insula) were identified as significantly associated with childhood depressive symptoms for girls at 6.0 and 7.5 years. No significant functional connections were found in girls at 4.5 years or for boys at any timepoint. Network based statistic and permutation testing confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed significant sex-dependent associations of neural connectivity and childhood depressive symptoms. The regions identified are implicated in speech/language, social cognition and information integration and suggest unique pathways to childhood depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore.
| | - Shi Yu Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore
| | - Zhen Ming Ngoh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ranjani Nadarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science and Technology, Singapore
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36
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Steinberger DC, Barch DM. Investigating the Link Between Depression, Cognition, and Motivation in Late Childhood. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:570-581. [PMID: 34677743 PMCID: PMC9023587 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research has revealed broad cognitive deficits (e.g., memory, learning) in depression, and that motivation may account for this link. We tested the state (i.e., only present during depression), trait (i.e., underlying vulnerability) and scar (i.e., lasting corollary) hypotheses of cognitive dysfunction in depression. We additionally tested subjective motivation as a mediator of the concurrent depression-cognition link. In a longitudinal sample of 11,878 children ages 9-11, we found no evidence of a concurrent state or longitudinal trait or scar relationship between depression and cognition. The pattern of depression-cognition relationships-which precluded a mediator analysis-in our childhood sample is a departure from previous studies. Our findings indicate that cognitive deficits are not strongly associated with depression in childhood, in contrast with the impairment commonly seen in older individuals with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Steinberger
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- , Somerville, USA.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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37
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Sun Y, Bowker JC, Coplan RJ, Liu J, Sang B. Best Friend's Popularity: Associations with Psychological Well-Being and School Adjustment in China During Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:670-683. [PMID: 36495392 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Popularity has been empirically linked to psychological and several indices of school adjustment outcomes during childhood and early adolescence. Yet, best friend popularity in relation to the adjustment outcomes remains unclear, especially in more interdependent-oriented cultures. To address this gap, this study applied the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to simultaneously considering whether, and how, the popularity of youth (actor effects) and their best friends (partner effects) contribute uniquely to psychological well-being and school adjustment outcomes, after controlling for social preference. Age and gender differences were also examined. Participants were 162 same-gender best friend dyads (81 boys, Mage = 11.24 years, SD = 1.18) from Shanghai, P.R. China. Among the results, both youth's own and their best friends' popularity were positively related to self-esteem and school attitudes, and negatively related to depressive symptoms. In addition, results from multi-group analyses revealed both actor and partner effects did not vary across gender. Finally, exploratory analyses showed that only actor effects varied across age for the associations between popularity and self-esteem and school attitudes. These findings highlight the important role of the best friend's popularity in promoting Chinese youth's experiences of psychological and school adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julie C Bowker
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Coplan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Sang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking, Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, Shanghai, China
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The Role of Emotional Skills (Competence) and Coping Strategies in Adolescent Depression. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:540-552. [PMID: 36975393 PMCID: PMC10047884 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most vulnerable groups, with deteriorated anxiety and depression due to imposed social isolation, reduced social activities, and concerns over household status, health, and peer support. Distance learning through public service broadcasts and online tools lasted for several months, posing the need for adjustment. This study aimed to assess emotional competence and coping styles as predictors of depression in a sample of adolescents. The study was conducted in-person on a sample of 142 high school students. A high percentage of participants reported above-average levels of depression (21.1% severely depressed). On average, girls reported higher levels of depression than boys (t = 3.86, p < 0.01). Gender differences were also found in emotion-focused coping and avoidance, with girls scoring higher on both (p < 0.05). However, there were no gender differences in problem-focused coping or emotional competence. Hierarchical regression analysis concluded that perceiving and understanding emotions, expressing and naming emotions, regulating emotions, and avoidance were significant predictors of depression. This regression model explained 53% of depression variance, with the regulation of emotions being the most powerful predictor (p < 0.01). No mediating effect of coping styles on the relationship between emotional competence and depression was found in this study.
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Babore A, Trumello C, Lombardi L, Candelori C, Chirumbolo A, Cattelino E, Baiocco R, Bramanti SM, Viceconti ML, Pignataro S, Morelli M. Mothers' and Children's Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: The Mediating Role of Parenting Stress. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:134-146. [PMID: 34417927 PMCID: PMC8379586 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study, carried out during the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, aimed at investigating the mental health of mothers and children during the nationwide lockdown. More specifically, the study investigated children's depression and mothers' individual distress and parenting stress, in comparison with normative samples. The mediating effect of mothers' parenting stress on the relationship between mothers' individual distress and children's depression was also explored. Finally, the study analyzed whether children's biological sex and age moderated the structural paths of the proposed model. A sample of 206 Italian mothers and their children completed an online survey. Mothers were administered self-report questionnaires investigating individual distress and parenting stress; children completed a standardized measure of depression. Mothers' individual distress and parenting stress and children's depression were higher than those recorded for the normative samples. Mothers' parenting stress was found to mediate the association between mothers' individual distress and children's depression. With respect to children, neither biological sex nor age emerged as significant moderators of this association, highlighting that the proposed model was robust and invariant. During the current and future pandemics, public health services should support parents-and particularly mothers-in reducing individual distress and parenting stress, as these are associated with children's depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Babore
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Trumello
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carla Candelori
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Elena Cattelino
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Monique Bramanti
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Viceconti
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Pignataro
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Hou L, Chen L, Zhang W. The longitudinal predictive effect of self-reported frequency of premenstrual syndrome on depression: Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1126190. [PMID: 37033080 PMCID: PMC10076728 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1126190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed a high comorbidity between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression; however, whether PMS can longitudinally predict depression has not been examined in large sample studies. Methods This study surveyed 8,133 women from the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Participants completed seven repeated measurements at 3-year intervals starting in 2000 (aged 22-27 years). Binary logistic and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive role of self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 on self-reported diagnosis of depression and frequency of depressive symptoms, respectively, for each follow-up survey. Results Self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in the year 2000 predicted self-reported diagnosis of depression in most follow-up surveys. Specifically, compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "often" had them were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2006 (OR = 1.72), 2012 (OR = 1.88), 2015 (OR = 1.49), and 2018 (OR = 1.90); and those who reported "sometimes" had PMS symptoms in 2000 were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2012 (OR =1.37) and 2018 (OR = 1.59). Furthermore, self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 predicted self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms in each follow-up survey. Compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "sometimes", or "often", had PMS symptoms reported depressive symptoms more frequently. Conclusion Self-reported frequency of PMS can predict the self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Chen
- School of Education Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenpei Zhang
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenpei Zhang
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Shen K. The dark triad and depressive symptoms among chinese adolescents: moderated mediation models of age and emotion regulation strategies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 36531190 PMCID: PMC9748877 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dark Triad has been found to relate with depressive symptoms, but the underlying mechanism was rarely investigated. In the present study, we examined the mediating effect of two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and the moderating effect of gender and age. 709 Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years (M = 14.54, SD = 1.70;55.3% girls) filled out the Dirty Dozen, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the 10-item of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. As expected, Dark Triad was related with increased levels of depression and emotion regulation strategies acted as mediators in these associations. Suppression mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism and depression. Reappraisal and suppression mediated the link between psychopathy and depression. Reappraisal mediated the association between narcissism and depression. Besides, age moderated the effect of Machiavellianism on reappraisal, suggesting Machiavellianism had a negative impact on reappraisal for younger adolescents, but not for older adolescents. Age also moderated the effect of reappraisal on depression, indicating the negative effect of reappraisal on depression was stronger for younger adolescents than for older adolescents. These results address how Dark Triad traits affect depression via emotion regulation strategies and indicate the effectiveness of Dark Triad and emotion regulation strategies may change across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- Henan Police College, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
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Lim J, Miller BD, Wood BL. An application of the Biobehavioral Family Model: Examining the impact of maternal depression on child asthma mediated by insecure attachment and child depression. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:1610-1628. [PMID: 35075639 PMCID: PMC10078754 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child asthma disparities are prevalent in socio-economically stressed single-parent families. Stress impacts childhood asthma mediated by immune and autonomic pathways, but specific family stress pathways are not well established. This study tests the hypothesis, derived from a version of the Biobehavioral Family Model, that single parent maternal depression impacts child asthma mediated by insecure attachment and child depression. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, children with asthma (age 7-17 years old) from a socio-economically disadvantaged population and their single parent mothers (N = 202) were assessed for depression and attachment security. Child asthma disease activity was assessed by symptom report and lung function tests. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test a model in which caregiver depression impacts child asthma disease activity mediated by insecure attachment and child depression. RESULTS SEM results indicated that maternal depression statistically predicted child depression (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) and insecure mother-child attachment (β = 0.17, p < 0.05). In addition, insecure attachment statistically predicted child depression (β = 0.50, p < 0.001). Child depression mediated the adverse effects of maternal depression and insecure attachment on child asthma disease activity (β = 0.43, p < 0.01). There was no direct effect of insecure attachment on child asthma. CONCLUSION In single-parent families, maternal depression may impact child asthma disease activity, mediated serially by insecure attachment and child depression. Longitudinal and/or intervention studies are needed to establish a causal effect. These findings suggest that caregiver depression and parent-child relationships may be important targets for family intervention. These interventions may help improve child asthma outcomes and reduce health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHa Lim
- Department of Home Economics EducationKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Bruce D. Miller
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
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Anderson DJ, Vazirnia P, Loehr C, Sternfels W, Hasoon J, Viswanath O, Kaye AD, Urits I. Testosterone Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Depression. Health Psychol Res 2022; 10:38956. [PMID: 36452903 PMCID: PMC9704723 DOI: 10.52965/001c.38956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common disorder that affects millions globally and is linked to reduced quality of life and mortality. Its pathophysiology is complex and there are several forms of treatment proposed in the literature with differing side effect profiles. Many patients do not respond to treatment which warrants augmentation with other treatments and the investigation of novel treatments. One of these treatments includes testosterone therapy which evidence suggests might improve depressed mood in older patients with low levels of testosterone and helps restore physical impairments caused by age-related hormonal changes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to synthesize information regarding clinical depression, its treatment options, and the efficacy and safety of testosterone treatment for the treatment of depression. METHODS This review utilized comprehensive secondary and tertiary data analysis across many academic databases and published work pertaining to the topic of interest. RESULTS Within some subpopulations such as men with dysthymic disorder, treatment resistant depression, or low testosterone levels, testosterone administration yielded positive results in the treatment of depression. Additionally, rodent models have shown that administering testosterone to gonadectomized male animals reduces symptoms of depression. Conversely, some studies have found no difference in depressive symptoms after treatment with testosterone when compared with placebo. It was also noted that over administration of testosterone is associated with multiple adverse effects and complications. CONCLUSION The current evidence provides mixed conclusions on the effectiveness of testosterone therapy for treating depression. More research is needed in adult men to see if declining testosterone levels directly influence the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Loehr
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | - Whitney Sternfels
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | - Jamal Hasoon
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, Envision Physician Services; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix; Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport
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Aleva A, Laceulle OM, Denissen JJA, Hessels CJ, van Aken MAG. Adolescence as a peak period of borderline personality features? A meta-analytic approach. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221134652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis of cross-sectional data aimed to shed light on the often assumed peak in mean-level of borderline personality features during middle to late adolescence (i.e. age 17–22). Borderline personality features were operationalized through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Search terms were entered into PsycINFO and Scopus. A total of 168 samples were included in the analyses, comprising 25,053 participants. Mean age ranged from 14.35 to 51.47 years ( M = 29.01, SD = 8.52) and mean number of borderline personality features from 0 to 8.10 ( M = 4.59, SD = 2.34). The hypothesized peak between age 17 and 22 was not substantiated by the confirmatory ANOVA analysis. However, subsequent exploratory GAM analysis provided evidence for a peak at 29.4 years. Caution is needed in interpreting these findings given that different trends appeared when GAM models were constructed separately for community, patient and borderline personality disorder (BPD) samples. Age differences in community samples indicated a significant linear decline in mean-level of borderline personality features over time. A linear rising trend was found in BPD samples. As a between-person mean-level approach was used in the current study, future longitudinal studies are needed to substantiate if between-person age difference generalize to within-person changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Aleva
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Odilia M Laceulle
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap JA Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Christel J Hessels
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel AG van Aken
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Abitante G, Haraden DA, Pine A, Cole D, Garber J. Trajectories of positive and negative affect across adolescence: Maternal history of depression and adolescent sex as predictors. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:96-104. [PMID: 35878831 PMCID: PMC9447402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectories of affect vary across development, with normative increases in positive affect occurring during childhood and declines in positive affect appearing across adolescence. Little is known, however, about predictors of the trajectories of affect across adolescence. The present study examined associations between changes in adolescent affect across adolescence and maternal history of depression and child sex. METHODS Participants were 240 adolescents and their mothers; 185 mothers had a history of depression (i.e., high risk) and 55 mothers did not (i.e., low risk). Youth were assessed annually from 6th grade (meanage = 11.86 years, SD = 0.57, 54.2 % female, 82 % White) through 12th grade. Latent growth models tested the relation of maternal depression history and adolescent sex with trajectories of adolescent affect. RESULTS High-risk adolescents exhibited lower levels of PA as compared to low-risk youth (coefficient = -3.51, p = .008, 95 % CI [-6.11, -0.91]). Girls experienced earlier increases in negative affect (NA) as compared to boys, with more positive linear (coefficient = 2.07, p = .002, 95 % CI [0.774, 3.368]) and quadratic (coefficient = -0.29, p = .025, 95 % CI [-0.55, -0.04]) slopes. LIMITATIONS Use of self-report measures and limited generalizability. CONCLUSION Maternal depression significantly predicted decreases in offspring PA and distinct trajectories of NA in girls and boys. Interventions aimed at reducing risk in adolescent offspring of depressed parents may benefit from targeting PA and supporting girls in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin A Haraden
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | | | - David Cole
- Vanderbilt University, United States of America
| | - Judy Garber
- Vanderbilt University, United States of America
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Bernard DL, Halliday CA, Are F, Banks DE, Danielson CK. Rumination as a Mediator of the Association Between Racial Discrimination and Depression Among Black Youth. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:1937-1945. [PMID: 34410607 PMCID: PMC8857306 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial discrimination constitutes a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms among Black youth. Rumination, a maladaptive self-regulatory stress response, is a notable pathway by which racial discrimination contributes to depressive symptoms among racial/ethnic minority adults. Yet, examinations of the mechanistic nature of rumination in the context of racial discrimination among racial/ethnic minority youth remain limited. The present study investigated rumination as a mediator of the association between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among Black youth. METHODS Data for the current study were drawn from baseline questionnaire responses of community recruited Black pre-and-early adolescents (N = 158, 53% female, Mage = 11.50) in the southeast USA participating in an ongoing longitudinal study examining the effects of interpersonal stressors on youth mental health outcomes. RESULTS After adjusting for age and gender, mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of racial discrimination on depressive symptoms through rumination, estimate = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [0.12, 0.47]. Racial discrimination was positively associated with rumination (b = .74, SE = .23, p = .001), and rumination, in turn, was positively associated with depressive symptoms (b = .40, SE = .06, p < .001). CONCLUSION Consistent with previous research, we found racial discrimination to be directly and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms among Black youth. Findings provide evidence of the cognitive burden of discriminatory experiences and suggest that rumination represents a potential pathway that can be targeted at early developmental stages to reduce the deleterious impact of racism-related stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donte L Bernard
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Colleen A Halliday
- Center for Global and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Funlola Are
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Devin E Banks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63131, USA
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Korous KM, Bradley RH, Luthar SS, Li L, Levy R, Cahill KM, Rogers CR. Socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms: An individual-participant data meta-analysis on range restriction and measurement in the United States. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:50-58. [PMID: 35798179 PMCID: PMC10947555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms is well documented, yet less attention has been paid to the methodological factors contributing to between-study variability. We examined the moderating role of range restriction and the depressive-symptom measurement instrument used in estimating the correlation between components of SES and depressive symptoms. METHODS We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of nationally-representative, public-access datasets in the United States. We identified 123 individual datasets with a total of 1,655,991 participants (56.8 % female, mean age = 40.33). RESULTS The presence of range restriction was associated with larger correlations between income and depressive symptoms and with smaller correlations between years of education and depressive symptoms. The measurement instrument of depressive symptoms moderated the association for income, years of education, and occupational status/prestige. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale consistently produced larger correlations. Higher measurement reliability was also associated with larger correlations. LIMITATIONS This study was not a comprehensive review of all measurement instruments of depressive symptoms, focused on datasets from the United States, and did not examine the moderating role of sample characteristics. DISCUSSION Methodological characteristics, including range restriction of SES and instrument of depressive symptoms, meaningfully influence the observed magnitude of association between SES and depressive symptoms. Clinicians and researchers designing future studies should consider which instrument of depressive symptoms is suitable for their purpose and population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Korous
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Robert H Bradley
- T Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, 951 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Suniya S Luthar
- AC Groups, Tempe, AZ, USA; Teachers College, Columbia University-EMERITA, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Longfeng Li
- T Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, 951 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Roy Levy
- T Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, 951 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Karina M Cahill
- T Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, 951 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Charles R Rogers
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Rumination, automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and thought suppression as transdiagnostic factors in depression and anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Amendola S, Hengartner MP, Spensieri V, Grillo L, Cerutti R. Patterns of internalizing symptoms and disability functioning in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1455-1464. [PMID: 33909142 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite findings from previous studies, there is still little consistent knowledge regarding the co-occurrence patterns of somatic, depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, functional disability due to somatic symptoms at different concomitant levels of depression and anxiety is understudied. The present study examined the co-occurrence patterns of somatic symptoms and symptoms of depression and anxiety, in children and adolescents using two-step cluster analysis. Differences in functional disability due to somatic symptoms were tested with ANCOVA controlling for gender and age. The sample comprised 1127 Italian children and adolescents (48.7% males, n = 549) aged 8-16 years (Mage = 11.7, SD = 2.37). Data were collected using the Children Somatization Inventory-24, the Children Depression Inventory, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Functional Disability Inventory. A four-cluster solution based on the co-occurrence of internalizing symptoms best fit the data. The four clusters were labelled as follows: cluster 1: "High somatic symptoms and average depression/anxiety"; cluster 2: "High somatic symptoms and high depression/anxiety"; cluster 3: "Average somatic symptoms and above average depression/anxiety"; and cluster 4: "Low somatic symptoms and low depression/anxiety". Significant differences between the four groups according to gender and age were shown. Participants with high levels of somatic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms reported greater functional disability due to somatic symptoms than the other three groups. Our findings indicate that children and adolescents who demonstrate high symptoms of depression and anxiety also reported higher levels of disability in daily life due to somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael P Hengartner
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, Zurich, 8005, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Spensieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Grillo
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Houghton S, Marais I, Kyron M, Lawrence D, Page AC, Gunasekera S, Glasgow K, Macqueen L. Screening for depressive symptoms in adolescence: A Rasch analysis of the short-form childhood depression inventory-2 (CDI 2:SR[S]). J Affect Disord 2022; 311:189-197. [PMID: 35597465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for depressive symptoms during adolescence is of high clinical significance. The shorter 12-item version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI 2:SR[S]) was specifically developed for this purpose. Evaluations of the CDI 2:SR[S] psychometrics are limited, however. The purpose of this study was to validate the CDI 2: SR[S] for use as a screening measure using Rasch analysis. METHODS The CDI 2: SR[S] was administered online to 1513 10-17 year old Western Australian adolescents (635 males, 878 females) from 11 schools. Overall fit, individual item fit, local response dependence, dimensionality, operation of response categories, and differential item functioning (DIF) were examined. RESULTS The Rasch analysis demonstrated the CDI 2: SR[S] has good reliability. Thresholds for all items were ordered, showing its three response categories functioned as intended. One item (I have to push myself to do schoolwork) showed misfit. No items were locally dependent. Two items (I am sad) and (I have to push myself to do schoolwork) showed DIF for gender. At the same level of depression, females reported being sad more than males, while males pushed themselves more to do schoolwork than did females. Adolescents (14-17 years) reported significantly higher mean depressive symptom scores than early adolescents (10-13 years). LIMITATIONS Sole reliance on adolescent's self-report and limited data about cultural backgrounds are limitations. CONCLUSIONS The results support the interval scale measurement properties of the CDI 2: SR[S] and provides educators, clinicians and researchers with a screening measure to assess depressive symptoms in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Houghton
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological and Health Sciences, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Ida Marais
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Kyron
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Page
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sashya Gunasekera
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ken Glasgow
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leslie Macqueen
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Australia
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