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Gan HW, Cerbone M, Dattani MT. Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Neuroendocrine Circuitry in Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:309-342. [PMID: 38019584 PMCID: PMC11074800 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Since hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) was first described over 120 years ago by Joseph Babinski and Alfred Fröhlich, advances in molecular genetic laboratory techniques have allowed us to elucidate various components of the intricate neurocircuitry governing appetite and weight regulation connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brainstem, adipose tissue, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (eg, septo-optic dysplasia, Prader-Willi syndrome) and acquired (eg, central nervous system tumors) hypothalamic disorders is increasing, thanks to earlier diagnosis and management as well as better oncological therapies. Although to date the discovery of several appetite-regulating peptides has led to the development of a range of targeted molecular therapies for monogenic obesity syndromes, outside of these disorders these discoveries have not translated into the development of efficacious treatments for other forms of HyOb. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, and explore our current understanding of the pathophysiology of HyOb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Wei Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manuela Cerbone
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Strnadová V, Pačesová A, Charvát V, Šmotková Z, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Anorexigenic neuropeptides as anti-obesity and neuroprotective agents: exploring the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic neuropeptides. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231385. [PMID: 38577975 PMCID: PMC11043025 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 1975, the incidence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, and the number of patients with obesity has quadrupled. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing other serious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiologic studies have defined obesity as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Despite all these serious comorbidities associated with obesity, there is still a lack of effective antiobesity treatment. Promising candidates for the treatment of obesity are anorexigenic neuropeptides, which are peptides produced by neurons in brain areas implicated in food intake regulation, such as the hypothalamus or the brainstem. These peptides efficiently reduce food intake and body weight. Moreover, because of the proven interconnection between obesity and the risk of developing AD, the potential neuroprotective effects of these two agents in animal models of neurodegeneration have been examined. The objective of this review was to explore anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting within the brain, emphasizing their potential not only for the treatment of obesity but also for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strnadová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Charvát
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šmotková
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Voros C, Bananis K, Papapanagiotou A, Pouliakis A, Mavriki K, Gkaniatsos I, Daskalaki MA, Prokopakis I, Tsimpoukelis C, Koulakmanidis AM, Darlas M, Anysiadou S, Daskalakis G, Domali E. Application of Biomarkers in Obese Infertile Women: A Genetic Tool for a Personalized Treatment. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2261. [PMID: 38673534 PMCID: PMC11051271 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates links between CART and leptin gene expression, FSH receptor Asn680Ser polymorphism, and reproductive hormones in morbidly obese patients under 40 years old, facing infertility, and undergoing bariatric surgery. A total of 29 women were included in this study. A hormonal profile along with detection of CART and leptin gene expression was evaluated before and after bariatric surgery. Additionally, the presence or absence of Asn680Ser of the FSHR gene was studied. Following bariatric surgery, a mean reduction in BMI (16.03 kg/m2) was observed in all women. FSH levels preoperatively varied significantly among genotypes, with medians of 8.1, 9.5, and 10.3 for individuals without polymorphism, heterozygotes, and homozygotes, respectively (p = 0.0408). Post surgery, marginal differences in FSH levels were observed (5.8, 7.1, and 8.2, respectively) (p = 0.0356). E2 and LH levels exhibited no significant genotype-based differences pre and post surgery. Presurgical E2 levels were 29.6, 29.8, and 29.6, respectively (p = 0.91634), while postsurgical levels were 51.2, 47.8, and 47 (p = 0.7720). LH levels followed similar patterns. Our findings highlight bariatric surgery's positive impact on BMI reduction and its potential connection to genetic markers, hormones, and infertility. This suggests personalized treatments and offers a valuable genetic tool for better fertility outcomes in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Voros
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Kyriakos Bananis
- Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, 601 Uxbridge Road, Southall UB1 3HW, UK;
| | - Angeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, 12462 Chaidari, Greece;
| | - Konstantina Mavriki
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Ioannis Gkaniatsos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | | | - Ioannis Prokopakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Charalampos Tsimpoukelis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Aristotelis-Marios Koulakmanidis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Menelaos Darlas
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Sofia Anysiadou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Georgios Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Ekaterini Domali
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (I.G.); (I.P.); (C.T.); (A.-M.K.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
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Chen SM, Hsiao CW, Chen YJ, Hong CJ, Lin JC, Yang CP, Chang YH. Interleukin-4 inhibits the hypothalamic appetite control by modulating the insulin-AKT and JAK-STAT signaling in leptin mutant mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38597583 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Our previous research identified interleukin-4 (IL-4) as a key regulator of glucose/lipid metabolism, circulatory leptin levels, and insulin action, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for obesity and related complications. This study aimed to further elucidate the role of IL-4 in regulating hypothalamic appetite-controlling neuropeptides using leptin dysfunctional Leptin145E/145E mice as the experimental model. IL-4 significantly reduces body weight, food intake, and serum glucose levels. Our data demonstrated that IL-4 exhibits multiple functions in regulating hypothalamic appetite control, including downregulating orexigenic agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y levels, promoting expression of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin, alleviating microenvironmental hypothalamic inflammation, enhancing leptin and insulin pathway, and attenuating insulin resistance. Furthermore, IL-4 promotes uncoupling protein 1 expression of white adipose tissue (WAT), suggesting its role in triggering WAT-beige switch. In summary, this study uncovers novel function of IL-4 in mediating food-intake behaviors and metabolic efficiency by regulating hypothalamic appetite-control and WAT browning activities. These findings support the therapeutic potential of targeting hypothalamic inflammation and reducing adiposity through IL-4 intervention for tackling the pandemic increasing prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wan Hsiao
- Institute of Brain Science of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Research Assistant Center, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jee Hong
- Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang R, Liu X, Liu Y, Tian Q, Wang Z, Zhu D, Qian Z, Yi Y, Hu J, Li Y, Liang XF, Liu L, Su J. Dissolved oxygen and ammonia affect ammonia production via GDH/AMPK signaling pathway and alter flesh quality in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01333-6. [PMID: 38517575 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia are crucial to the growth of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Information on the effects of DO and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in regulating ammonia nitrogen excretion and flesh quality in Chinese perch is scanty. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dissolved DO at oxygen levels of 3 mg/L and 9 mg/L, as well as the TAN concentrations of 0.3 mg/L and 0.9 mg/L on ammonia excretion and flesh quality. Results showed that the ammonia contents in plasma, muscle, and liver of the 9 mg/L DO group were significantly higher than those of the 3 mg/L DO group (P < 0.05). However, the expression of AMPK-related signaling pathway genes (gdh, lkb1, and ampd) and flesh quality indicators (gumminess, chewiness, hardness) in the 9 mg/L DO group were significantly lower than those in the 3 mg/L DO group. Under long-term exposure to 0.9 mg/L TAN, the ammonia contents in plasma and gill filaments, as well as muscle flesh quality (resilience, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness), were significantly lower than those in the 0.3 mg/L TAN group (P < 0.05). However, the activities of GDH and AMPD enzymes in the 0.9 mg/L TAN group were significantly higher than those in the 0.3 mg/L TAN group. In summary, when fish are exposed to 3 mg/L DO and 0.9 mg/L TAN in the environment for a long time, their amino acids are used for transamination and deamination, resulting in insufficient energy supply for Chinese perch, whereas 9 mg/L DO and 0.9 mg/L TAN caused deterioration of the flesh quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xuange Liu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qingda Tian
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dejie Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhisong Qian
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Yi
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiacheng Hu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jianmei Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Friendship Avenue 368, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
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Voros C, Mpananis K, Papapanagiotou A, Pouliakis A, Mavrogianni D, Mavriki K, Gkaniatsos I, Karasmani C, Prokopakis I, Darlas M, Anysiadou S, Daskalakis G, Domali E. Prospective Study on the Correlation between CART and Leptin Gene Expression, Obesity, and Reproductive Hormones in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1146. [PMID: 38398459 PMCID: PMC10889785 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global health concern affecting 650 million individuals of all ages worldwide, prompts health complications, including fertility issues. This research investigates the impact of bariatric surgery on morbidly obese females under 40, examining the relationship between CART and leptin gene expressions and reproductive hormones. Post-surgery, a significant reduction in BMI (16.03 kg/m2, n = 29) was observed, accompanied by notable hormonal changes. FSH levels showed a mean difference of 3.18 ± 1.19 pre- and post-surgery (p < 0.001), LH levels exhibited a mean difference of 2.62 ± 1.1 (p < 0.001), E2 levels demonstrated a mean difference of 18.62 ± 5.02 (p < 0.001), and AMH levels showed a mean difference of 3.18 ± 1.19 (p < 0.001). High CART and leptin expressions before treatment correlated with lower expressions after treatment. These findings, rooted in statistically significant correlations (CART: rs = 0.51, p = 0.005; leptin: rs = 0.75, p < 0.001), shed light on potential molecular pathways connecting gene expressions with reproductive hormones post-bariatric surgery. Our study uniquely investigates the interplay between genetic markers, infertility, and bariatric surgery in women. It stands out by providing distinctive insights into the development of personalized treatment strategies for obesity-related infertility, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex medical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Voros
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Kyriakos Mpananis
- Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, 601 Uxbridge Road, Southall UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Angeliki Papapanagiotou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece;
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - Despoina Mavrogianni
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Konstantina Mavriki
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Ioannis Gkaniatsos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Christina Karasmani
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Ioannis Prokopakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Menelaos Darlas
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Sofia Anysiadou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - George Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Ekaterini Domali
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Alexandra’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (C.V.); (D.M.); (K.M.); (I.G.); (C.K.); (I.P.); (M.D.); (S.A.); (G.D.); (E.D.)
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7
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Tezcan ME, Uğur C, Can Ü, Uçak EF, Ekici F, Duymuş F, Korucu AT. Are decreased cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript and Agouti- related peptide levels associated Eating behavior in medication-free children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110907. [PMID: 38043633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), agouti-related protein (AgRP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) and their relationship with eating behaviors among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. A total of 94 medication-free children with ADHD and 82 controls aged 8-14 years were included in this study. The Plasma levels of CART, AgRP, CCK and PYY were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to assess eating behaviors in children. CART and AgRP levels were found to be significantly lower in the ADHD group than in the control group, while CCK levels were found to be significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in PYY levels between the groups. Compared to controls, those with ADHD demonstrated significantly higher scores on the CEBQ subscales of food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire to drink, enjoyment of food, and food fussiness, and significantly lower scores on the slowness of eating subscale. CART was significantly correlated with emotional overeating and enjoyment of food scores, while AgRP was significantly correlated with emotional undereating scores. Covariance analysis was performed by controlling potential confounders such as body mass index, age and sex, and the results were found to be unchanged. It was concluded that CART, AgRP, and CCK may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Esad Tezcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Uğur
- Department of Pediatrics, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ümmügülsüm Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Furkan Uçak
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ekici
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Duymuş
- Department of Medical Genetics, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Agah Tuğrul Korucu
- Faculty of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram-Konya, 42005, Turkey
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8
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Maddern XJ, Letherby B, Ch'ng SS, Pearl A, Gogos A, Lawrence AJ, Walker LC. Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) mediates sex differences in binge drinking through central taste circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:541-550. [PMID: 37608219 PMCID: PMC10789734 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has been implicated in alcohol consumption and reward behaviours, yet mechanisms mediating these effects have yet to be identified. Using a transgenic CART knockout (KO) mouse line we uncovered a sexually dimorphic effect of CART in binge drinking, with male CART KO mice increasing intake, whilst female CART KO mice decreased their alcohol intake compared to controls. Female CART KO mice show greater sensitivity to bitter solutions that can be overshadowed through addition of a sweetener, implicating taste as a factor. Further we identify that this is not driven through peripherally circulating sex hormones, but the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a locus where CART contributes to the regulation of alcohol consumption, with CeA CART neutralisation specifically reducing plain alcohol, but not sweetened alcohol consumption in female mice. These findings may have implications for the development of sex-specific treatment options for alcohol use disorders through targeting the CART system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier J Maddern
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Bethany Letherby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah S Ch'ng
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Amy Pearl
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Leigh C Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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9
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Prakash N, Matos HY, Sebaoui S, Tsai L, Tran T, Aromolaran A, Atrachji I, Campbell N, Goodrich M, Hernandez-Pineda D, Jesus Herrero M, Hirata T, Lischinsky J, Martinez W, Torii S, Yamashita S, Hosseini H, Sokolowski K, Esumi S, Kawasawa YI, Hashimoto-Torii K, Jones KS, Corbin JG. Connectivity and molecular profiles of Foxp2- and Dbx1-lineage neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb and medial amygdala. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25545. [PMID: 37849047 PMCID: PMC10922300 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In terrestrial vertebrates, the olfactory system is divided into main (MOS) and accessory (AOS) components that process both volatile and nonvolatile cues to generate appropriate behavioral responses. While much is known regarding the molecular diversity of neurons that comprise the MOS, less is known about the AOS. Here, focusing on the vomeronasal organ (VNO), the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), and the medial amygdala (MeA), we reveal that populations of neurons in the AOS can be molecularly subdivided based on their ongoing or prior expression of the transcription factors Foxp2 or Dbx1, which delineate separate populations of GABAergic output neurons in the MeA. We show that a majority of AOB neurons that project directly to the MeA are of the Foxp2 lineage. Using single-neuron patch-clamp electrophysiology, we further reveal that in addition to sex-specific differences across lineage, the frequency of excitatory input to MeA Dbx1- and Foxp2-lineage neurons differs between sexes. Together, this work uncovers a novel molecular diversity of AOS neurons, and lineage and sex differences in patterns of connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandkishore Prakash
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Heidi Y Matos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sonia Sebaoui
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Luke Tsai
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tuyen Tran
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Adejimi Aromolaran
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Isabella Atrachji
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nya Campbell
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Meredith Goodrich
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - David Hernandez-Pineda
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Maria Jesus Herrero
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tsutomu Hirata
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Julieta Lischinsky
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wendolin Martinez
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Shisui Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical
School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan
Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katie Sokolowski
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Shigeyuki Esumi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University
College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Kevin S Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical
School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan
Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua G Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s
Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
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10
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Miller PA, Williams-Ikhenoba JG, Sankhe AS, Hoffe BH, Chee MJ. Neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and morphological characterization of melanin-concentrating hormone cells coexpressing cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25588. [PMID: 38335050 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) cells in the hypothalamus regulate fundamental physiological functions like energy balance, sleep, and reproduction. This diversity may be ascribed to the neurochemical heterogeneity among MCH cells. One prominent subpopulation of MCH cells coexpresses cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and as MCH and CART can have opposing actions, MCH/CART+ and MCH/CART- cells may differentially modulate behavioral outcomes. However, it is not known if there are differences in the cellular properties underlying their functional differences; thus, we compared the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and morphological properties of MCH cells in male and female Mch-cre;L10-Egfp reporter mice. Half of MCH cells expressed CART and were most prominent in the medial hypothalamus. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed differences in their passive and active membrane properties in a sex-dependent manner. Female MCH/CART+ cells had lower input resistances, but male cells largely differed in their firing properties. All MCH cells increased firing when stimulated, but their firing frequency decreases with sustained stimulation. MCH/CART+ cells showed stronger spike rate adaptation than MCH/CART- cells. The kinetics of excitatory events at MCH cells also differed by cell type, as the rising rate of excitatory events was slower at MCH/CART+ cells. By reconstructing the dendritic arborization of our recorded cells, we found no sex differences, but male MCH/CART+ cells had less dendritic length and fewer branch points. Overall, distinctions in topographical division and cellular properties between MCH cells add to their heterogeneity and help elucidate their response to stimuli or effect on modulating their respective neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aditi S Sankhe
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan H Hoffe
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa J Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Song J, Choi SY. Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:371-386. [PMID: 38196133 PMCID: PMC10789173 DOI: 10.5607/en23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon and has several nuclei, one of which is the arcuate nucleus. The arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH) consists of neuroendocrine neurons and centrally-projecting neurons. The ARH is the center where the homeostasis of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction are maintained. As such, dysfunction of the ARH can lead to disorders of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction. Here, we review various types of neurons in the ARH and several genetic disorders caused by mutations in the ARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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12
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Xiao Y, Han C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Bao R, Li Y, Chen H, Hu B, Liu S. Interoceptive regulation of skeletal tissue homeostasis and repair. Bone Res 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 37669953 PMCID: PMC10480189 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals from skeletal tissue, a process known as skeletal interoception, which is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis. The hypothalamus, located in the central nervous system (CNS), plays a key role in processing interoceptive signals and regulating bone homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system, neuropeptide release, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms control the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (OBs), the activation of osteoclasts (OCs), and the functional activities of bone cells. Sensory nerves extensively innervate skeletal tissues, facilitating the transmission of interoceptive signals to the CNS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the generation and coordination of skeletal interoceptive signals by the CNS to maintain bone homeostasis and their potential role in pathological conditions. The findings expand our understanding of intersystem communication in bone biology and may have implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Changhao Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yuange Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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13
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Wunderlich AL, Stopa L, Martins AB, de Souza CF, Monteiro É, Aguiar D, Guergolette R, Shishido P, Zaia CT, Uchoa E. Neonatal overnutritional programming impairs the hypophagia and neuron activation induced by acute lipopolysaccharide in adult male rats. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37650777 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2250967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status during critical windows in early development can challenge metabolic functions and physiological responses to immune stress in adulthood, such as the systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of post-natal over- and undernutrition on the anorexigenic effect of LPS and its association with neuronal activation in the brainstem and hypothalamus of male rats. Animals were raised in litters of 3 (small - SL), 10 (normal - NL), or 16 (large - LL) pups per dam. On post-natal day 60, male rats were treated with LPS (500 µg/Kg) or vehicle for the evaluation of food intake and c-Fos expression in the area postrema (AP), nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), and paraventricular (PVN), arcuate (ARC), ventromedial (VMH), and dorsomedial (DMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. SL, NL, and LL animals showed a decreased food consumption after LPS treatment. In under- and normonourished animals, peripheral LPS induced an increase in neuronal activation in the brainstem, PaV, PaMP, and ARC and a decrease in the number of c-Fos-ir neurons in the DMH. Overnourished rats showed a reduced hypophagic response, lower neuron activation in the NTS and PaMP, and no response in the DMH induced by LPS. These results indicate that early nutritional programming displays different responses to LPS, by means of neonatal overnutrition decreasing LPS-mediated anorexigenic effect and neuronal activation in the NTS and hypothalamic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Wunderlich
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Larissa Stopa
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andressa Busetti Martins
- Multicenter Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Érica Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielly Aguiar
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rhauany Guergolette
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Polyana Shishido
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Cassia Thais Zaia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ernane Uchoa
- Ciências Fisiológicas, State University of Londrina: Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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14
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Owe-Larsson M, Pawłasek J, Piecha T, Sztokfisz-Ignasiak A, Pater M, Janiuk IR. The Role of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) in Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9986. [PMID: 37373130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide encoded by the CARTPT gene vary from modifying behavior and pain sensitivity to being an antioxidant. Putative CART peptide receptor GPR160 was implicated recently in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the exact role of CART protein in the development of neoplasms remains unclear. This systematic review includes articles retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Medline Complete databases. Nineteen publications that met the inclusion criteria and describe the association of CART and cancer were analyzed. CART is expressed in various types of cancer, e.g., in breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The role of CART as a potential biomarker in breast cancer, stomach adenocarcinoma, glioma and some types of NETs was suggested. In various cancer cell lines, CARTPT acts an oncogene, enhancing cellular survival by the activation of the ERK pathway, the stimulation of other pro-survival molecules, the inhibition of apoptosis or the increase in cyclin D1 levels. In breast cancer, CART was reported to protect tumor cells from tamoxifen-mediated death. Taken together, these data support the role of CART activity in the pathogenesis of cancer, thus opening new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Owe-Larsson
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Pawłasek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piecha
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Sztokfisz-Ignasiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Pater
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela R Janiuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Sanchez-Navarro MJ, Borner T, Reiner BC, Crist RC, Samson WK, Yosten GLC, Stein L, Hayes MR. GPR-160 Receptor Signaling in the Dorsal Vagal Complex of Male Rats Modulates Meal Microstructure and CART-Mediated Hypophagia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102268. [PMID: 37242151 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The g-protein coupled receptor GPR-160, recently identified as a putative receptor for the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide, shows abundant expression in the energy-balance control nuclei, including the dorsal vagal complex (DVC). However, its physiological role in the control of food intake has yet to be fully explored. Here, we performed a virally mediated, targeted knockdown (KD) of Gpr160 in the DVC of male rats to evaluate its physiological role in control of feeding. Our results indicate that DVC Gpr160 KD affects meal microstructure. Specifically, DVC Gpr160 KD animals consumed more frequent, but shorter meals during the dark phase and showed decreased caloric intake and duration of meals during the light phase. Cumulatively, however, these bidirectional effects on feeding resulted in no difference in body weight gain. We next tested the role of DVC GPR-160 in mediating the anorexigenic effects of exogenous CART. Our results show that DVC Gpr160 KD partially attenuates CART's anorexigenic effects. To further characterize Gpr160+ cells in the DVC, we utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing data to uncover abundant GPR-160 expression in DVC microglia and only minimal expression in neurons. Altogether, our results suggest that DVC CART signaling may be mediated by Gpr160+ microglia, which in turn may be modulating DVC neuronal activity to control food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J Sanchez-Navarro
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tito Borner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Lauren Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Freitas-Lima LC, Pačesová A, Staňurová J, Šácha P, Marek A, Hubálek M, Kuneš J, Železná B, Maletínská L. GPR160 is not a receptor of anorexigenic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175713. [PMID: 37054941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
COCAINE: and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) is an anorexigenic neuropeptide whose receptor is undisclosed. Previously, we reported the specific binding of CART(61-102) to pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, where CART(61-102) affinity and the number of binding sites per cell corresponded to ligand-receptor binding. Recently, Yosten et al. designated orphan GPR160 as the CARTp receptor, because the GPR160 antibody abolished neuropathic pain and anorexigenic effects induced by CART(55-102) and exogenous CART(55-102) coimmunoprecipitated with GPR160 in KATOIII cells. As no direct evidence that CARTp is a ligand for GPR160 has been described, we decided to verify this hypothesis by testing CARTp affinity to the GPR160 receptor. We investigated the GPR160 expression in PC12 cells since it is cell line known to specifically bind CARTp. Moreover, we examined the specific CARTp binding in THP1 cells, with high endogenous GPR160 expression and GPR160-transfected cell lines U2OS and U-251 MG. In PC12 cells, the GPR160 antibody did not compete for specific binding with 125I-CART(61-102) or with 125I-CART(55-102), and GPR160 mRNA expression and GPR160 immunoreactivity were not detected. Moreover, THP1 cells did not show any 125I-CART(61-102) or 125I-CART(55-102) specific binding despite GPR160 detection by fluorescent immunocytochemistry (ICC). Finally, no 125I-CART(61-102) or 125I-CART(55-102) specific binding in the GPR160-transfected cell lines U2OS and U-251 MG, selected due to their negligible endogenous expression of GPR160, was detected, despite the detection of GPR160 by fluorescent ICC. Our binding studies clearly demonstrated that GPR160 cannot be a receptor for CARTp. Further studies are needed to identify true CARTp receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ceotto Freitas-Lima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Staňurová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Bodas DS, Maduskar A, Kaniganti T, Wakhloo D, Balasubramanian A, Subhedar N, Ghose A. Convergent Energy State-Dependent Antagonistic Signaling by Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Modulates the Plasticity of Forebrain Neurons to Regulate Feeding in Zebrafish. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1089-1110. [PMID: 36599680 PMCID: PMC9962846 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2426-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic reconfiguration of circuit function subserves the flexibility of innate behaviors tuned to physiological states. Internal energy stores adaptively regulate feeding-associated behaviors and integrate opposing hunger and satiety signals at the level of neural circuits. Across vertebrate lineages, the neuropeptides cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) have potent anorexic and orexic functions, respectively, and show energy-state-dependent expression in interoceptive neurons. However, how the antagonistic activities of these peptides modulate circuit plasticity remains unclear. Using behavioral, neuroanatomical, and activity analysis in adult zebrafish of both sexes, along with pharmacological interventions, we show that CART and NPY activities converge on a population of neurons in the dorsomedial telencephalon (Dm). Although CART facilitates glutamatergic neurotransmission at the Dm, NPY dampens the response to glutamate. In energy-rich states, CART enhances NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function by protein kinase A/protein kinase C (PKA/PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR complex. Conversely, starvation triggers NPY-mediated reduction in phosphorylated NR1 via calcineurin activation and inhibition of cAMP production leading to reduced responsiveness to glutamate. Our data identify convergent integration of CART and NPY inputs by the Dm neurons to generate nutritional state-dependent circuit plasticity that is correlated with the behavioral switch induced by the opposing actions of satiety and hunger signals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Internal energy needs reconfigure neuronal circuits to adaptively regulate feeding behavior. Energy-state-dependent neuropeptide release can signal energy status to feeding-associated circuits and modulate circuit function. CART and NPY are major anorexic and orexic factors, respectively, but the intracellular signaling pathways used by these peptides to alter circuit function remain uncharacterized. We show that CART and NPY-expressing neurons from energy-state interoceptive areas project to a novel telencephalic region, Dm, in adult zebrafish. CART increases the excitability of Dm neurons, whereas NPY opposes CART activity. Antagonistic signaling by CART and NPY converge onto NMDA-receptor function to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, opposing activities of anorexic CART and orexic NPY reconfigure circuit function to generate flexibility in feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika S Bodas
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Aditi Maduskar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Tarun Kaniganti
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Debia Wakhloo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Nishikant Subhedar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
| | - Aurnab Ghose
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Pune 411008, India
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Al-Omari A, Kecskés M, Gaszner B, Biró-Sütő T, Fazekas B, Berta G, Kuzma M, Pintér E, Kormos V. Functionally active TRPA1 ion channel is downregulated in peptidergic neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus upon acute alcohol exposure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1046559. [PMID: 36704197 PMCID: PMC9872022 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp) contributes to the control of alcohol consumption by its urocortin 1 (UCN1) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) co-expressing peptidergic neurons. Our group recently showed that the urocortinergic centrally projecting EWcp is the primary seat of central nervous system transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel mRNA expression. Here, we hypothesized that alcohol and its metabolites, that pass through the blood-brain barrier, may influence the function of urocortinergic cells in centrally projecting EWcp by activating TRPA1 ion channels. We aimed to examine the functional activity of TRPA1 in centrally projecting EWcp and its possible role in a mouse model of acute alcohol exposure. Methods: Electrophysiological measurements were performed on acute brain slices of C57BL/6J male mice containing the centrally projecting EWcp to prove the functional activity of TRPA1 using a selective, potent, covalent agonist JT010. Male TRPA1 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice were compared with each other in the morphological studies upon acute alcohol treatment. In both genotypes, half of the animals was treated intraperitoneally with 1 g/kg 6% ethanol vs. physiological saline-injected controls. Transcardial perfusion was performed 2 h after the treatment. In the centrally projecting EWcp area, FOS immunohistochemistry was performed to assess neuronal activation. TRPA1, CART, and urocortin 1 mRNA expression as well as urocortin 1 and CART peptide content was semi-quantified by RNAscope in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence. Results: JT010 activated TRPA1 channels of the urocortinergic cells in acute brain slices. Alcohol treatment resulted in a significant FOS activation in both genotypes. Alcohol decreased the Trpa1 mRNA expression in WT mice. The assessment of urocortin 1 peptide immunoreactivity revealed lower basal urocortin 1 in KO mice compared to WTs. The urocortin 1 peptide content was affected genotype-dependently by alcohol: the peptide content decreased in WTs while it increased in KO mice. Alcohol exposure influenced neither CART and urocortin 1 mRNA expression nor the centrally projecting EWcp/CART peptide content. Conclusion: We proved the presence of functional TRPA1 receptors on urocortin 1 neurons of the centrally projecting EWcp. Decreased Trpa1 mRNA expression upon acute alcohol treatment, associated with reduced neuronal urocortin 1 peptide content suggesting that this cation channel may contribute to the regulation of the urocortin 1 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Omari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kecskés
- Medical School, Institute of Physiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School and Research Group for Mood Disorders, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tünde Biró-Sütő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Fazekas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kuzma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School and Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Kozsurek M, Király K, Gyimesi K, Lukácsi E, Fekete C, Gereben B, Mohácsik P, Helyes Z, Bölcskei K, Tékus V, Pap K, Szűcs E, Benyhe S, Imre T, Szabó P, Gajtkó A, Holló K, Puskár Z. Unique, Specific CART Receptor-Independent Regulatory Mechanism of CART(55-102) Peptide in Spinal Nociceptive Transmission and Its Relation to Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DDP4). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020918. [PMID: 36674439 PMCID: PMC9865214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides are involved in several physiological and pathological processes, but their mechanism of action is unrevealed due to the lack of identified receptor(s). We provided evidence for the antihyperalgesic effect of CART(55-102) by inhibiting dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) in astrocytes and consequently reducing neuroinflammation in the rat spinal dorsal horn in a carrageenan-evoked inflammation model. Both naturally occurring CART(55-102) and CART(62-102) peptides are present in the spinal cord. CART(55-102) is not involved in acute nociception but regulates spinal pain transmission during peripheral inflammation. While the full-length peptide with a globular motif contributes to hyperalgesia, its N-terminal inhibits this process. Although the anti-hyperalgesic effects of CART(55-102), CART(55-76), and CART(62-76) are blocked by opioid receptor antagonists in our inflammatory models, but not in neuropathic Seltzer model, none of them bind to any opioid or G-protein coupled receptors. DPP4 interacts with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling in spinal astrocytes and enhances the TLR4-induced expression of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha contributing to inflammatory pain. Depending on the state of inflammation, CART(55-102) is processed in the spinal cord, resulting in the generation of biologically active isoleucine-proline-isoleucine (IPI) tripeptide, which inhibits DPP4, leading to significantly decreased glia-derived cytokine production and hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Kozsurek
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyimesi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Uzsoki Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Lukácsi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Mohácsik
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Chronic Pain Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Pap
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Uzsoki Hospital, H-1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Imre
- MS Metabolomics Laboratory, Instrumentation Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Laboratory, Instrumentation Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Gajtkó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Holló
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Puskár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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20
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Schuller J, Koch M. Investigating a role of orexin and ‘cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript’ in the nucleus accumbens shell in binge eating of male rats and the relationship with impulsivity. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:114000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Khodarahmi M, Siri G, Erahimzadeh F, Farhangi MA, Shanehbandi D. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load mediate the effect of CARTPT rs2239670 gene polymorphism on metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk factors among adults with obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:288. [PMID: 36404325 PMCID: PMC9677654 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of genetic and dietary factors in occurrence and progression of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been established. However, complex interrelationships, including direct and indirect effects of these variables are yet to be clarified. So, our aim was to investigate the mediating role of glycemic indices in the relationship between CARTPT rs2239670 polymorphism, socio-demographic and psychological factors and metabolic risk factors and the presence of MetS in adults with obesity. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 288 apparently healthy adults with obesity aged 20-50 years, dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical parameters, blood pressure and anthropometric indicators were assayed by standard methods. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS CARTPT rs2239670 had a positive direct effect on MetS (B = 0.037 ± 0.022; P = 0.043) and, on the other hand, this variant was found to be indirectly associated with MetS presence through mediation of GI (B = 0.039 ± 0.017; P = 0.009). CARTPT was a significant predictor of both dietary GI and GL (B = 1.647 ± 0.080 and B = 3.339 ± 0.242, respectively). Additionally, glycemic indicators appeared to mediate the association of age and gender with LDL-C (B = 0.917 ± 0.332; P = 0.006) and HDL (B = 1.047 ± 0.484; P = 0.031), respectively. GI showed a positive relationship with LDL-C (P = 0.024) in men and similar relationships were found between GL and LDL-C (P = 0.050) and cholesterol (P = 0.022) levels in women. CONCLUSION The SEM findings suggest a hypothesis of the mediating effect of glycemic indices in the relationship between genetic susceptibility to obesity and MetS presence. Our findings need to be confirmed with large prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Erahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Mari A, Casini F, Bergamaschi F, Zuccotti GV, Fabiano V. Medical treatment of weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106471. [PMID: 36174963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity remains one of the biggest health problems both in adults and children. Lifestyle modification, including diet and exercise, continues to be the mainstay of obesity prevention and treatment. Unfortunately, lifestyle modifications are often unsuccessful. Pharmacological treatment of obesity in pediatric patients can be applied in selected cases, and not before evidence of failure of the multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention. In this narrative review, we revised the most up-to-date evidence on medical treatment of weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity, including FDA- or EMA-approved and -experimented, not approved, drugs for pediatric population. Multidisciplinary treatment of childhood obesity, regulation of appetite control, energy balance and body weight were also discussed, in order to clarify the indications and mechanism action of drugs. Despite a substantial number of medications used for the treatment of obesity in adults, a limited number of drugs are approved by the drug regulatory agencies for pediatric population. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel pharmacological approaches for treatment of pediatric obesity in order to optimize weight management for children and adolescents and limit the development obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Casini
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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23
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Martins AWS, Dellagostin EN, Blödorn EB, Silveira TLR, Sampaio LA, Komninou ER, Varela Junior AS, Corcini CD, Nunes LS, Remião MH, Collares GL, Domingues WB, Campos VF. Exposure to salinity induces oxidative damage and changes in the expression of genes related to appetite regulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Front Genet 2022; 13:948228. [PMID: 36160013 PMCID: PMC9493302 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.948228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in water salinity and other extrinsic factors have been shown to induce changes in feeding rhythms and growth in fish. However, it is unknown whether appetite-related hormones mediate these changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an important species for aquaculture in several countries. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of genes responsible for appetite regulation and genes related to metabolic and physiological changes in tilapia exposed to different salinities. Moreover, the study proposed to sequence and to characterize the cart, cck, and pyy genes, and to quantify their expression in the brain and intestine of the fish by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The animals were exposed to three salinities: 0, 6, and 12 parts per thousand (ppt) of salt for 21 days. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and membrane fluidity in blood cells were quantified by flow cytometry. The results indicated an increased expression of cart, pyy, and cck and a decreased expression of npy in the brain, and the same with cck and npy in the intestine of fish treated with 12 ppt. This modulation and other adaptive responses may have contributed to the decrease in weight gain, specific growth rate, and final weight. In addition, we showed oxidative damage in blood cells resulting from increasing salinity. These results provide essential data on O. niloticus when exposed to high salinities that have never been described before and generate knowledge necessary for developing biotechnologies that may help improve the production of economically important farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W. S. Martins
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N. Dellagostin
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B. Blödorn
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luis A. Sampaio
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliza R. Komninou
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio S. Varela Junior
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine D. Corcini
- ReproPel, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro S. Nunes
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana H. Remião
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto L. Collares
- Agência de Desenvolvimento da Bacia da Lagoa Mirim, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - William B. Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vinicius F. Campos,
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24
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Identification and Experimental Validation of Marker Genes between Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8122532. [PMID: 35996379 PMCID: PMC9391608 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are widely prevalent in the elderly population, and accumulating evidence implies a strong link between them. For example, patients with T2DM have a higher risk of developing neurocognitive disorders, including AD, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear. This time, by combining bioinformatics analysis and in vivo experimental validation, we attempted to find a common biological link between AD and T2DM. We firstly downloaded the gene expression profiling (AD: GSE122063; T2DM: GSE161355) derived from the temporal cortex. To find the associations, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two datasets were filtered and intersected. Based on them, enrichment analysis was carried out, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms were used to identify the specific genes. After verifying in the external dataset and in the samples from the AD and type 2 diabetes animals, the shared targets of the two diseases were finally determined. Based on them, the ceRNA networks were constructed. Besides, the logistic regression and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed. As a result, 62 DEGs were totally identified between AD and T2DM, and the enrichment analysis indicated that they were much related to the function of synaptic vesicle and MAPK signaling pathway. Based on the evidence from external dataset and RT-qPCR, CARTPT, EPHA5, and SERPINA3 were identified as the marker genes in both diseases, and their clinical significance and biological functions were further analyzed. In conclusion, discovering and exploring the marker genes that are dysregulated in both 2 diseases could help us better comprehend the intrinsic relationship between T2DM and AD, which may inspire us to develop new strategies for facing the dilemmas of clinical or basic research in cognitive dysfunction.
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de Moraes RCM, Lima GCA, Cardinali CAEF, Gonçalves AC, Portari GV, Guerra-Shinohara EM, Leboucher A, Júnior JD, Kleinridders A, da Silva Torrão A. Benfotiamine protects against hypothalamic dysfunction in a STZ-induced model of neurodegeneration in rats. Life Sci 2022; 306:120841. [PMID: 35907494 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects not only brain structures associate with cognition early in the progression of the disease, but other areas such as the hypothalamus, a region involved in the control of metabolism and appetite. In this context, we evaluated the effects of benfotiamine (BFT), a vitamin B1 analog that is being proposed as a therapeutical approach for AD-related cognitive alterations, which were induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). In addition to the already described effect of STZ on cognition, we show that this drug also causes metabolic changes which are linked to changes in hypothalamic insulin signaling and orexigenic and anorexigenic circuitries, as well as a decreased cellular integrated stress response. As expected, the supplementation with 150 mg/kg of BFT for 30 days increased blood concentrations of thiamine and its phosphate esters. This led to the prevention of body weight and fat loss in STZ-ICV-treated animals. In addition, we also found an improvement in food consumption, despite hypothalamic gene expression linked to anorexia after STZ exposure. Additionally, decreased apoptosis signaling was observed in the hypothalamus. In in vitro experiments, we noticed a high ability of BFT to increase insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neurons. Furthermore, we also observed that BFT decreases the mitochondrial unfolded stress response damage by preventing the loss of HSP60 and reversed the mitochondria dysfunction caused by STZ. Taken together, these results suggest that benfotiamine treatment is a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of hypothalamic dysfunction and metabolic disturbances associated with sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Carlos Macêdo de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
| | | | | | - Alisson Carvalho Gonçalves
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vannucchi Portari
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira Maria Guerra-Shinohara
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antoine Leboucher
- Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - José Donato Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Kleinridders
- Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andréa da Silva Torrão
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Appetite regulating genes in zebrafish gut; a gene expression study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0255201. [PMID: 35853004 PMCID: PMC9295983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular pathophysiology of feeding disorders, particularly in peripheral organs, is still largely unknown. A range of molecular factors encoded by appetite-regulating genes are already described to control feeding behaviour in the brain. However, the important role of the gastrointestinal tract in the regulation of appetite and feeding in connection to the brain has gained more attention in the recent years. An example of such inter-organ connection can be the signals mediated by leptin, a key regulator of body weight, food intake and metabolism, with conserved anorexigenic effects in vertebrates. Leptin signals functions through its receptor (lepr) in multiple organs, including the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. So far, the regulatory connections between leptin signal and other appetite-regulating genes remain unclear, particularly in the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we used a zebrafish mutant with impaired function of leptin receptor to explore gut expression patterns of appetite-regulating genes, under different feeding conditions (normal feeding, 7-day fasting, 2 and 6-hours refeeding). We provide evidence that most appetite-regulating genes are expressed in the zebrafish gut. On one hand, we did not observed significant differences in the expression of orexigenic genes (except for hcrt) after changes in the feeding condition. On the other hand, we found 8 anorexigenic genes in wild-types (cart2, cart3, dbi, oxt, nmu, nucb2a, pacap and pomc), as well as 4 genes in lepr mutants (cart3, kiss1, kiss1r and nucb2a), to be differentially expressed in the zebrafish gut after changes in feeding conditions. Most of these genes also showed significant differences in their expression between wild-type and lepr mutant. Finally, we observed that impaired leptin signalling influences potential regulatory connections between anorexigenic genes in zebrafish gut. Altogether, these transcriptional changes propose a potential role of leptin signal in the regulation of feeding through changes in expression of certain anorexigenic genes in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish.
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Narimatsu Y, Matsuura D, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Neurosecretory Protein GL Promotes Normotopic Fat Accumulation in Male ICR Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126488. [PMID: 35742932 PMCID: PMC9223635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) is a small secretory protein identified in the hypothalamus of birds and mammals. We recently reported that NPGL exerts obesogenic effects in obesity-prone C57BL6/J mice. However, whether NPGL elicits adiposity in different mouse strains is poorly understood. In this study, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing Npgl using the ICR strain (Npgl Tg mice) to elucidate the obesogenic effects of NPGL in different strains. Npgl Tg mice showed increased white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. Although the mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was slightly altered in Npgl Tg mice, hypertrophy of lipid droplets was also observed in BAT. In contrast, fat accumulation was not induced in the liver, with the upregulation of mRNAs related to hepatic lipolysis. These results support the hypothesis that NPGL causes obesity in several strains and species. This report highlights the pivotal role of NPGL in fat accumulation in adipose tissues and contributes to the elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying obesity and metabolic diseases in heterogeneous populations.
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Zhang Z, Xia DJ, Xu AD. Therapeutic effect of fastigial nucleus stimulation is mediated by the microRNA-182 & microRNA-382/BDNF signaling pathways in the treatment of post-stroke depression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abels M, Riva M, Shcherbina L, Fischer AHT, Banke E, Degerman E, Lindqvist A, Wierup N. Overexpressed beta cell CART increases insulin secretion in mouse models of insulin resistance and diabetes. Peptides 2022; 151:170747. [PMID: 35065097 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired beta cell function and beta cell death are key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is necessary for normal islet function in mice. CART increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in vitro in human islets and CART protects beta cells against glucotoxicity-induced cell death in vitro in rats. Furthermore, beta cell CART is upregulated in T2D patients and in diabetic rodent models as a consequence of hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of upregulated beta cell CART on islet hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis in a transgenic mouse model. To this end, mice with beta cell-specific overexpression of CART (CARTtg mice) were generated. CARTtg mice challenged by aging, high fat diet feeding or streptozotocin treatment were phenotyped with respect to in vivo and in vitro insulin and glucagon secretion, glucose homeostasis, and beta cell mass. In addition, the impact of adenoviral overexpression of CART on insulin secretion was studied in INS-1 832/13 cells. CARTtg mice had a normal metabolic phenotype under basal conditions. On the other hand, with age CARTtg mice displayed increased insulin secretion and improved glucose elimination, compared with age-matched WT mice. Furthermore, compared with WT controls, CARTtg mice had increased insulin secretion after feeding a high fat diet, as well as lower glucose levels and higher insulin secretion after streptozotocin treatment. Viral overexpression of CART in INS-1 832/13 cells resulted in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, these results imply that beta cell CART acts to increase insulin secretion when beta cell function is challenged. We propose that the increase in beta cell CART is part of a compensatory mechanisms trying to counteract the hyperglycaemia in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matteo Riva
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elin Banke
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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REV-ERBα Agonist SR9009 Promotes a Negative Energy Balance in Goldfish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062921. [PMID: 35328345 PMCID: PMC8955992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
REV-ERBα (nr1d1, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1) is a transcriptional repressor that in mammals regulates nutrient metabolism, and has effects on energy homeostasis, although its role in teleosts is poorly understood. To determine REV-ERBα’s involvement in fish energy balance and metabolism, we studied the effects of acute and 7-day administration of its agonist SR9009 on food intake, weight and length gain, locomotor activity, feeding regulators, plasma and hepatic metabolites, and liver enzymatic activity. SR9009 inhibited feeding, lowering body weight and length gain. In addition, the abundance of ghrelin mRNA decreased in the intestine, and abundance of leptin-aI mRNA increased in the liver. Hypocretin, neuropeptide y (npy), and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) mRNA abundance was not modified after acute or subchronic SR9009 administration, while hypothalamic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cartpt-I) was induced in the subchronic treatment, being a possible mediator of the anorectic effects. Moreover, SR9009 decreased plasma glucose, coinciding with increased glycolysis and a decreased gluconeogenesis in the liver. Decreased triglyceride levels and activity of lipogenic enzymes suggest a lipogenesis reduction by SR9009. Energy expenditure by locomotor activity was not significantly affected by SR9009. Overall, this study shows for the first time in fish the effects of REV-ERBα activation via SR9009, promoting a negative energy balance by reducing energetic inputs and regulating lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Wierup N, Abels M, Shcherbina L, Lindqvist A. The role of CART in islet biology. Peptides 2022; 149:170708. [PMID: 34896575 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is mostly known for its appetite regulating effects in the central nervous system. However, CART is also highly expressed in the peripheral nervous system as well as in certain endocrine cells. Our group has dedicated more than 20 years to understand the role of CART in the pancreatic islets and in this review we summarize what is known to date about CART expression and function in the islets. CART is expressed in both islet cells and nerve fibers innervating the islets. Large species differences are at hand and CART expression is highly dynamic and increased during development, as well as in Type 2 Diabetes and certain endocrine tumors. In the human islets CART is expressed in alpha cells and beta cells and the expression is increased in T2D patients. CART increases insulin secretion, reduces glucagon secretion, and protects against beta cell death by reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation. It is still not fully understood how CART mediates its effects or which receptors that are involved. Nevertheless, CART is endowed with several properties that are beneficial in a T2D perspective. Many of the described effects of CART resemble those of GLP-1, and interestingly CART has been found to potentiate some of the effects of GLP-1, paving the way for CART-based treatments in combination with GLP-1-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Mia Abels
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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Sa M, Park MG, Lee CJ. Role of Hypothalamic Reactive Astrocytes in Diet-Induced Obesity. Mol Cells 2022; 45:65-75. [PMID: 35236781 PMCID: PMC8907000 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamus is a brain region that controls food intake and energy expenditure while sensing signals that convey information about energy status. Within the hypothalamus, molecularly and functionally distinct neurons work in concert under physiological conditions. However, under pathological conditions such as in diet-induced obesity (DIO) model, these neurons show dysfunctional firing patterns and distorted regulation by neurotransmitters and neurohormones. Concurrently, resident glial cells including astrocytes dramatically transform into reactive states. In particular, it has been reported that reactive astrogliosis is observed in the hypothalamus, along with various neuroinflammatory signals. However, how the reactive astrocytes control and modulate DIO by influencing neighboring neurons is not well understood. Recently, new lines of evidence have emerged indicating that these reactive astrocytes directly contribute to the pathology of obesity by synthesizing and tonically releasing the major inhibitory transmitter GABA. The released GABA strongly inhibits the neighboring neurons that control energy expenditure. These surprising findings shed light on the interplay between reactive astrocytes and neighboring neurons in the hypothalamus. This review summarizes recent discoveries related to the functions of hypothalamic reactive astrocytes in obesity and raises new potential therapeutic targets against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsun Sa
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
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Khodarahmi M, Niknam M, Farhangi MA. Personalized gene-diet study of rs2239670 gene variants and dietary patterns among obese adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:358-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Михеев РК, Романцова ТИ, Трошина ЕА, Григорян ОР, Андреева ЕН, Шереметьева ЕВ, Абсатарова ЮС, Мокрышева НГ. [Cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) - promising omics breakthrough in the endocrinology]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:4-8. [PMID: 35488751 PMCID: PMC9112847 DOI: 10.14341/probl12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript has been discovered long time ago (circa over 25 years ago) but still stays not enough investigated. Just during last five years scientist's society started providing interest to the genomic, proteomic and metabolic essence of the cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript. AIM The evaluation of historical pathway and perspectives of the cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript medical investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search has been provided via Russian (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases and among articles on Russian and English languages. The main criteria for article selection was free access and 2019-2021 years of publishing. Although the introduction is based on the articles published in 1989. The present article was created according to the federal project «Central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms of adipose tissue diseases and their clinical and hormonal manifestations патофизиологические механизмы развития болезней жировой ткани с учетом клинических и гормональных характеристик» (2020-2022)RESULTS AND CONCLUISON: It is necessary to keep on investigating genomic, proteomic and metabolomic markers because they contain important clues for successful resistance against human diseases. The 21st century is the era of transformation from simple clinical medicine to personalized science. For example, researches in the area of cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript may result in invention of genetic medicine against dangerous metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Р. К. Михеев
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Т. И. Романцова
- Первый московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)
| | - Е. А. Трошина
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - О. Р. Григорян
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Е. Н. Андреева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | | | | | - Н. Г. Мокрышева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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Ubaldi M, Cannella N, Borruto AM, Petrella M, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Soverchia L, Stopponi S, Weiss F, Cifani C, Ciccocioppo R. Role of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ-NOP Receptor System in the Regulation of Stress-Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12956. [PMID: 34884757 PMCID: PMC8657682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17-residue neuropeptide that binds the nociceptin opioid-like receptor (NOP). N/OFQ exhibits nucleotidic and aminoacidics sequence homology with the precursors of other opioid neuropeptides but it does not activate either MOP, KOP or DOP receptors. Furthermore, opioid neuropeptides do not activate the NOP receptor. Generally, activation of N/OFQ system exerts anti-opioids effects, for instance toward opioid-induced reward and analgesia. The NOP receptor is widely expressed throughout the brain, whereas N/OFQ localization is confined to brain nuclei that are involved in stress response such as amygdala, BNST and hypothalamus. Decades of studies have delineated the biological role of this system demonstrating its involvement in significant physiological processes such as pain, learning and memory, anxiety, depression, feeding, drug and alcohol dependence. This review discusses the role of this peptidergic system in the modulation of stress and stress-associated psychiatric disorders in particular drug addiction, mood, anxiety and food-related associated-disorders. Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that both NOP agonists and antagonists may represent a effective therapeutic approaches for substances use disorder. Moreover, the current literature suggests that NOP antagonists can be useful to treat depression and feeding-related diseases, such as obesity and binge eating behavior, whereas the activation of NOP receptor by agonists could be a promising tool for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Anna Maria Borruto
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Michele Petrella
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Serena Stopponi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Friedbert Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (N.C.); (A.M.B.); (M.P.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
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Bhave VM, Nectow AR. The dorsal raphe nucleus in the control of energy balance. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:946-960. [PMID: 34663507 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance is orchestrated by an extended network of highly interconnected nuclei across the central nervous system. While much is known about the hypothalamic circuits regulating energy homeostasis, the 'extra-hypothalamic' circuits involved are relatively poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the brainstem's dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), integrating decades of research linking this structure to the physiologic and behavioral responses that maintain proper energy stores. DRN neurons sense and respond to interoceptive and exteroceptive cues related to energy imbalance and in turn induce appropriate alterations in energy intake and expenditure. The DRN is also molecularly differentiable, with different populations playing distinct and often opposing roles in controlling energy balance. These populations are integrated into the extended circuit known to regulate energy balance. Overall, this review summarizes the key evidence demonstrating an important role for the DRN in regulating energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun M Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R Nectow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Del Vecchio G, Murashita K, Verri T, Gomes AS, Rønnestad I. Leptin receptor-deficient (knockout) zebrafish: Effects on nutrient acquisition. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113832. [PMID: 34089707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, knockout of LEPR results in a hyperphagic, morbid obese, and diabetic phenotype, which supports that leptin plays an important role in the control of appetite and energy metabolism, and that its receptor, LEPR, mediates these effects. To date, little is known about the role(s) of lepr in teleost physiology. We investigated a zebrafish (Danio rerio) homozygous lepr knockout (lepr-/-) line generated by CRISPR/Cas9 in comparison to its wt counterpart with respect to nutrient acquisition, energy allocation, and metabolism. The metabolic characterization included oxygen consumption rate and morphometric parameters (yolk sac area, standard length, wet weight, and condition factor) as proxies for use and allocation of energy in developing (embryos, larvae, and juveniles) zebrafish and showed no particular differences between the two lines, in agreement with previous studies. One exception was found in oxygen consumption at 72 hpf, when zebrafish switch from embryonic to early larval stages and food-seeking behavior could be observed. In this case, the metabolic rate was significantly lower in lepr-/- than in wt. Both phenotypes showed similar responses, with respect to metabolic rate, to acute alterations (22 and 34 °C) in water temperature (measured in terms of Q10 and activation energy) compared to the standard (28 °C) rearing conditions. To assess lepr involvement in signaling the processing and handling of incoming nutrients when an exogenous meal is digested and absorbed, we conducted an in vivo analysis in lepr-/- and wt early (8 days post-fertilization) zebrafish larvae. The larvae were administered a bolus of protein hydrolysate (0%, 1%, 5%, and 15% lactalbumin) directly into the digestive tract lumen, and changes in the mRNA expression profile before and after (1 and 3 h) administration were quantified. The analysis showed transcriptional differences in the expressions of genes involved in the control of appetite and energy metabolism (cart, npy, agrp, and mc4r), sensing (casr, t1r1, t1r3, t1r2-1, t1r2-2, pept1a, and pept1b), and digestion (cck, pyy, try, ct, and amy), with more pronounced effects observed in the orexigenic than in the anorexigenic pathways, suggesting a role of lepr in their regulations. Differences in the mRNA levels of these genes in lepr-/-vs. wt larvae were also observed. Altogether, our analyses suggest an influence of lepr on physiological processes involved in nutrient acquisition, mainly control of food intake and digestion, during early development, whereas metabolism, energy allocation, and growth seem to be only slightly influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Del Vecchio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Koji Murashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway; Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 224-1 Hiruda, Tamaki, Watarai, Mie 519-0423, Japan
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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Ahi EP, Tsakoumis E, Brunel M, Schmitz M. Transcriptional study reveals a potential leptin-dependent gene regulatory network in zebrafish brain. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1283-1298. [PMID: 34236575 PMCID: PMC8302498 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The signal mediated by leptin hormone and its receptor is a major regulator of body weight, food intake and metabolism. In mammals and many teleost fish species, leptin has an anorexigenic role and inhibits food intake by influencing the appetite centres in the hypothalamus. However, the regulatory connections between leptin and downstream genes mediating its appetite-regulating effects are still not fully explored in teleost fish. In this study, we used a loss of function leptin receptor zebrafish mutant and real-time quantitative PCR to assess brain expression patterns of several previously identified anorexigenic genes downstream of leptin signal under different feeding conditions (normal feeding, 7-day fasting, 2 and 6-h refeeding). These downstream factors include members of cart genes, crhb and gnrh2, as well as selected genes co-expressed with them based on a zebrafish co-expression database. Here, we found a potential gene expression network (GRN) comprising the abovementioned genes by a stepwise approach of identifying co-expression modules and predicting their upstream regulators. Among the transcription factors (TFs) predicted as potential upstream regulators of this GRN, we found expression pattern of sp3a to be correlated with transcriptional changes of the downstream gene network. Interestingly, the expression and transcriptional activity of Sp3 orthologous gene in mammals have already been implicated to be under the influence of leptin signal. These findings suggest a potentially conserved regulatory connection between leptin and sp3a, which is predicted to act as a transcriptional driver of a downstream gene network in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmanouil Tsakoumis
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Brunel
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Allmas Allé 5, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Schmitz
- Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Shewale SA, Deshbhratar SM, Ravikumar A, Bhargava SY. Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript peptide (CART) in the tadpole brain: Response to different energy states. Neuropeptides 2021; 88:102152. [PMID: 33932859 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is an anorexigenic neuropeptide known to play a key role in energy homeostasis across the vertebrate phyla. In the current study, we have investigated the response of the CART immunoreactive system to varying energy states in the brain of a tadpole model. The pro-metamorphic tadpoles of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis were fasted, or intracranially injected with glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG; an antagonist to glucose inducing glucoprivation) and the response of the CART containing system in various neuroanatomical areas was studied using immunohistochemistry. Glucose administration increased the CART immunoreactivity in the entopeduncular neurons (EN), preoptic area (POA), ventral hypothalamus (vHy) and the Edinger Westphal nucleus (EW) while CART positive cells decrease in response to fasting and glucoprivation. A substantial decrease in CART was noted in the EW nucleus of tadpoles injected with 2DG. These regions might contain the glucose-sensing neurons and regulate food intake in anurans. Therefore, we speculate that the function of central CART and its antagonistic action with NPY in food and feeding circuitry of anurans is evolutionary conserved and might be responsible for glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil A Shewale
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India; Department of Zoology, Bhavan's Hazarimal Somani College, Chowpatty, Mumbai 400 007, India
| | - Shantaj M Deshbhratar
- Department of Zoology, Bhavan's Hazarimal Somani College, Chowpatty, Mumbai 400 007, India
| | - Ameeta Ravikumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Shobha Y Bhargava
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
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Samson WK, Salvemini D, Yosten GLC. Overcoming Stress, Hunger, and Pain: Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide's Promise. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6287092. [PMID: 34043767 PMCID: PMC8210821 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript encodes an eponymous peptide, CARTp, which exerts diverse pharmacologic actions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in several endocrine organs, including pancreas. Here we review those diverse actions, the physiological relevance of which had remained unestablished until recently. With the identification of a CARTp receptor, GPR160, the physiologic importance and therapeutic potential of CARTp or analogs are being revealed. Not only is the CARTp-GPR160 interaction essential for the circadian regulation of appetite and thirst but also for the transmission of nerve injury-induced pain. Molecular approaches now are uncovering additional physiologically relevant actions and the development of acute tissue-specific gene compromise approaches may reveal even more physiologically relevant actions of this pluripotent ligand/receptor pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: Willis K. Samson, PhD DSc, Professor of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Caroline Building, Room 2-207A, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Bintoro DA, Nareswari I. The Role of Electroacupuncture in the Regulation of Appetite-Controlling Hormone and Inflammatory Response in Obesity. Med Acupunct 2021; 33:264-268. [PMID: 34471444 PMCID: PMC8403175 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2020.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity, a condition with serious complications, needs special attention. It is a complex and multifactorial problem and regulation of calorie balance involving various humoral and central factors is the main key for managing obesity. In addition, there is an increase in various proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in oxidative stress. There is a need to discover a useful therapy for obesity management. The goal of this review was to examine the literature on electroacupuncture (EA) as a potential therapy. Methods: This review explores the literature on EA, which has proven to be effective for inducing weight loss in experimental human and animal studies. Both continuous and dense-disperse EA waves have their own roles in hormone regulation of obesity using ST 25, CV 9, CV 12, CV 4, SP 6, ST 36, and ST 44; this is discussed the associated mechanism related to this is through suppression of various orexigenic peptides, enhancement of anorexigenic peptides, suppression of inflammatory factors, and improvement in the balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Conclusions: The absence of another definitive therapy for obesity and EA's minimal side-effects make it a potential therapy for managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinda Aniela Bintoro
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irma Nareswari
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Rahmani B, Ghashghayi E, Zendehdel M, Khodadadi M, Hamidi B. The Crosstalk Between Brain Mediators Regulating Food Intake Behavior in Birds: A Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Martín M, Rodríguez A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Catalán V, López M, Diéguez C, Frühbeck G, Burrell MA. Caloric Restriction Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction and the Changes in Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Associated with Obesity Independently of Dietary Fat Content in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072128. [PMID: 34206176 PMCID: PMC8308389 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy restriction is a first therapy in the treatment of obesity, but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been completely clarified. We analyzed the effects of restriction of high-fat diet (HFD) on weight loss, circulating gut hormone levels and expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomly distributed into four groups: two fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) (N group) or a HFD (H group) and two subjected to a 25% caloric restriction of ND (NR group) or HFD (HR group) for 9 weeks. A 25% restriction of HFD over 9 weeks leads to a 36% weight loss with regard to the group fed HFD ad libitum accompanied by normal values in adiposity index and food efficiency ratio (FER). This restriction also carried the normalization of NPY, AgRP and POMC hypothalamic mRNA expression, without changes in CART. Caloric restriction did not succeed in improving glucose homeostasis but reduced HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, 25% restriction of HFD reduced adiposity and improved metabolism in experimental obesity, without changes in glycemia. Restriction of the HFD triggered the normalization of hypothalamic NPY, AgRP and POMC expression, as well as ghrelin and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martín
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Miguel López
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A. Burrell
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600 (ext. 806247)
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Hypothalamic regulation of energy homoeostasis when consuming diets of different energy concentrations: comparison between Tibetan and Small-tailed Han sheep. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1132-1142. [PMID: 34085612 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal energy intake of Tibetan sheep on the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) fluctuates greatly and is often well below maintenance requirements. The aim of this study was to gain insight into how the hypothalamus regulates energy homoeostasis in Tibetan sheep. We compared Tibetan and Small-tailed Han sheep (n 24 of each breed), which were each allocated randomly into four groups and offered one of four diets that differed in digestible energy densities: 8·21, 9·33, 10·45 and 11·57 MJ/kg DM. Sheep were weighed every 2 weeks, and it was assumed that the change in body weight (BW) reflected the change in energy balance. The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in Tibetan sheep had greater protein expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) when in negative energy balance, but lesser protein expressions of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) when in positive energy balance than Small-tailed Han sheep. As a result, Tibetan sheep had a lesser BW loss when in negative energy balance and stored more energy and gained more BW when in positive energy balance than Small-tailed Han sheep with the same dietary intake. Moreover, in the hypothalamic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulation pathway, Tibetan sheep had greater adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α 2 protein expression than Small-tailed Han sheep, which supported the premise of a better ability to regulate energy homoeostasis and better growth performance. These differences in the hypothalamic NPY/AgRP, POMC/CART and AMPK pathways between breeds conferred an advantage to the Tibetan over Small-tailed Han sheep to cope with low energy intake on the harsh QTP.
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Singh A, de Araujo AM, Krieger JP, Vergara M, Ip CK, de Lartigue G. Demystifying functional role of cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) peptide in control of energy homeostasis: A twenty-five year expedition. Peptides 2021; 140:170534. [PMID: 33757831 PMCID: PMC8369463 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) is a neuropeptide first discovered in the striatum of the rat brain. Later, the genetic sequence and function of CART peptide (CARTp) was found to be conserved among multiple mammalian species. Over the 25 years, since its discovery, CART mRNA (Cartpt) expression has been reported widely throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems underscoring its role in diverse physiological functions. Here, we review the localization and function of CARTp as it relates to energy homeostasis. We summarize the expression changes of central and peripheral Cartpt in response to metabolic states and make use of available large data sets to gain additional insights into the anatomy of the Cartpt expressing vagal neurons and their expression patterns in the gut. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the role of CARTp as an anorexigenic signal and its effect on energy expenditure and body weight control with insights from both pharmacological and transgenic animal studies. Subsequently, we discuss the role of CARTp in the pathophysiology of obesity and review important new developments towards identifying a candidate receptor for CARTp signalling. Altogether, the field of CARTp research has made rapid and substantial progress recently, and we review the case for considering CARTp as a potential therapeutic target for stemming the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan Moreira de Araujo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Macarena Vergara
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chi Kin Ip
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Izawa S, Yoneshiro T, Kondoh K, Nakagiri S, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Terao A, Minokoshi Y, Yamanaka A, Kimura K. Melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons in the hypothalamus regulate brown adipose tissue and thus contribute to energy expenditure. J Physiol 2021; 600:815-827. [PMID: 33899241 DOI: 10.1113/jp281241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neuron-ablated mice exhibit increased energy expenditure and reduced fat weight. Increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and locomotor activity-independent energy expenditure contributed to body weight reduction in MCH neuron-ablated mice. MCH neurons send inhibitory input to the medullary raphe nucleus to modulate BAT activity. ABSTRACT Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) peptide robustly affects energy homeostasis. However, it is unclear whether and how MCH-producing neurons, which contain and release a variety of neuropeptides/transmitters, regulate energy expenditure in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. We thus examined the regulation of energy expenditure by MCH neurons, focusing on interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. MCH neuron-ablated mice exhibited reduced body weight, increased oxygen consumption, and increased BAT activity, which improved locomotor activity-independent energy expenditure. Trans-neuronal retrograde tracing with the recombinant pseudorabies virus revealed that MCH neurons innervate BAT via the sympathetic premotor region in the medullary raphe nucleus (MRN). MRN neurons were activated by MCH neuron ablation. Therefore, endogenous MCH neuron activity negatively modulates energy expenditure via BAT inhibition. MRN neurons might receive inhibitory input from MCH neurons to suppress BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Izawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.,JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kunio Kondoh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shohei Nakagiri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Akira Terao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo, 005-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Boucsein A, Kamstra K, Tups A. Central signalling cross-talk between insulin and leptin in glucose and energy homeostasis. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12944. [PMID: 33615588 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is controlled by an intricate regulatory system centred in the brain. The peripheral adiposity signals insulin and leptin play a crucial role in this system by informing the brain of the energy status of the body and mediating their catabolic effects through signal transduction in hypothalamic areas that control food intake, energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. Disruptions of insulin and leptin signalling can result in diabetes and obesity. The central signalling cross-talk between insulin and leptin is essential for maintenance of normal healthy energy homeostasis. An important role of leptin in glucoregulation has been revealed. Typically regarded as being controlled by insulin, the control of glucose homeostasis critically depends on functional leptin action. Leptin, on the other hand, is able to lower glucose levels in the absence of insulin, although insulin is necessary for long-term stabilisation of euglycaemia. Evidence from rodent models and human patients suggests that leptin improves insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes. The signalling cross-talk between insulin and leptin is likely conveyed by the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Leptin activates WNT/β-catenin signalling, leading to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, a key inhibitor of insulin action, thereby facilitating improved insulin signal transduction and sensitisation of insulin action. Interestingly, insights into the roles of insulin and leptin in insects and fish indicate that leptin may have initially evolved as a glucoregulatory hormone and that its anorexigenic and body weight regulatory function was acquired throughout evolution. Furthermore, the regulation of both central and peripheral control of energy homeostasis is tightly controlled by the circadian clock, allowing adaptation of homeostatic processes to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Boucsein
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kaj Kamstra
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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48
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Yosten GLC, Haddock CJ, Harada CM, Almeida-Pereira G, Kolar GR, Stein LM, Hayes MR, Salvemini D, Samson WK. Past, present and future of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Physiol Behav 2021; 235:113380. [PMID: 33705816 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the peptide encoded by the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cartpt) has been recognized since 1981, but it was not until 1995, that the gene encoding CART peptide (CART) was identified. With the availability of the predicted protein sequence of CART investigators were able to identify sites of peptide localization, which then led to numerous approaches attempting to clarify CART's multiple pharmacologic effects and even provide evidence of potential physiologic relevance. Although not without controversy, a picture emerged of the importance of CART in ingestive behaviors, reward behaviors and even pain sensation. Despite the wealth of data hinting at the significance of CART, in the absence of an identified receptor, the full potential for this peptide or its analogs to be developed into therapeutic agents remained unrealized. There was evidence favoring the action of CART via a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), but despite multiple attempts the identity of that receptor eluded investigators until recently. Now with the identification of the previously orphaned GPCR, GPR160, as a receptor for CART, focus on this pluripotent neuropeptide will in all likelihood experience a renaissance and the potential for the development of pharmcotherapies targeting GPR160 seems within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Christopher J Haddock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Caron M Harada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gislaine Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Henry and Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Haddock CJ, Almeida-Pereira G, Stein LM, Hayes MR, Kolar GR, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. Signaling in rat brainstem via Gpr160 is required for the anorexigenic and antidipsogenic actions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R236-R249. [PMID: 33206556 PMCID: PMC7988768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent work identified Gpr160 as a candidate receptor for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) and described its role in pain modulation. The aims of the present study were to determine if Gpr160 is required for the CARTp's ability to reduce food intake and water intake and to initially identify the distribution of Gpr160-like immunoreactivity (Gpr160ir) in the rat brain. A passive immunoneutralization approach targeting Gpr160 was used to block the behavioral effects of a pharmacological dose of CARTp in the fourth cerebroventricle (4V) of rats and to determine the importance of endogenously produced CARTp in the control of ingestive behaviors. Passive immunoneutralization of Gpr160 in the 4V blocked the actions of CARTp to inhibit food intake and water intake. Blockade of Gpr160 in the 4V, independent of pharmacological CART treatment, caused an increase in both overnight food intake and water intake. The decrease in food intake, but not water intake, caused by central injection of CARTp was demonstrated to be interrupted by prior administration of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist. Gpr160ir was observed in several, distinct sites throughout the rat brain, where CARTp staining has been described. Importantly, Gpr160ir was observed to be present in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell types. These data support the hypothesis that Gpr160 is required for the anorexigenic actions of central CARTp injection and extend these findings to water drinking. Gpr160ir was observed in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell types in regions known to be important in the multiple pharmacological effects of CARTp, identifying those areas as targets for future compromise of function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Haddock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gislaine Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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50
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Moreau M, Benhaddou S, Dard R, Tolu S, Hamzé R, Vialard F, Movassat J, Janel N. Metabolic Diseases and Down Syndrome: How Are They Linked Together? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020221. [PMID: 33671490 PMCID: PMC7926648 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21, associated with intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is associated with anomalies of both the nervous and endocrine systems. Over the past decades, dramatic advances in Down syndrome research and treatment have helped to extend the life expectancy of these patients. Improved life expectancy is obviously a positive outcome, but it is accompanied with the need to address previously overlooked complications and comorbidities of Down syndrome, including obesity and diabetes, in order to improve the quality of life of Down syndrome patients. In this focused review, we describe the associations between Down syndrome and comorbidities, obesity and diabetes, and we discuss the understanding of proposed mechanisms for the association of Down syndrome with metabolic disorders. Drawing molecular mechanisms through which Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes could be linked to Down syndrome could allow identification of novel drug targets and provide therapeutic solutions to limit the development of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Moreau
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Soukaina Benhaddou
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Rodolphe Dard
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
- Genetics Deptartment, CHI Poissy St Germain-en-Laye, F-78300 Poissy, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Rim Hamzé
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - François Vialard
- Genetics Deptartment, CHI Poissy St Germain-en-Laye, F-78300 Poissy, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-83-60; Fax: +33-1-57-27-83-54
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