1
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Payá-Milans M, Peña-Chilet M, Loucera C, Esteban-Medina M, Dopazo J. Functional Profiling of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Using Mechanistic Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14732. [PMID: 37834179 PMCID: PMC10572617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma is an umbrella term for a group of rare cancers that are difficult to treat. In addition to surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has shown the potential to downstage tumors and prevent micrometastases. However, finding effective therapeutic targets remains a research challenge. Here, a previously developed computational approach called mechanistic models of signaling pathways has been employed to unravel the impact of observed changes at the gene expression level on the ultimate functional behavior of cells. In the context of such a mechanistic model, RNA-Seq counts sourced from the Recount3 resource, from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Sarcoma project, and non-diseased sarcomagenic tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project were utilized to investigate signal transduction activity through signaling pathways. This approach provides a precise view of the relationship between sarcoma patient survival and the signaling landscape in tumors and their environment. Despite the distinct regulatory alterations observed in each sarcoma subtype, this study identified 13 signaling circuits, or elementary sub-pathways triggering specific cell functions, present across all subtypes, belonging to eight signaling pathways, which served as predictors for patient survival. Additionally, nine signaling circuits from five signaling pathways that highlighted the modifications tumor samples underwent in comparison to normal tissues were found. These results describe the protective role of the immune system, suggesting an anti-tumorigenic effect in the tumor microenvironment, in the process of tumor cell detachment and migration, or the dysregulation of ion homeostasis. Also, the analysis of signaling circuit intermediary proteins suggests multiple strategies for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Payá-Milans
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (M.P.-C.); (C.L.); (M.E.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (M.P.-C.); (C.L.); (M.E.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (M.P.-C.); (C.L.); (M.E.-M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Esteban-Medina
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (M.P.-C.); (C.L.); (M.E.-M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (M.P.-C.); (C.L.); (M.E.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- FPS/ELIXIR-ES, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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2
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Li SY, Guo YL, Tian JW, Zhang HJ, Li RF, Gong P, Yu ZL. Anti-Tumor Strategies by Harnessing the Phagocytosis of Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2717. [PMID: 37345054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for the human body in both physiological and pathological conditions, engulfing undesirable substances and participating in several processes, such as organism growth, immune regulation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Macrophages play an important role in anti-bacterial and anti-tumoral responses. Aberrance in the phagocytosis of macrophages may lead to the development of several diseases, including tumors. Tumor cells can evade the phagocytosis of macrophages, and "educate" macrophages to become pro-tumoral, resulting in the reduced phagocytosis of macrophages. Hence, harnessing the phagocytosis of macrophages is an important approach to bolster the efficacy of anti-tumor treatment. In this review, we elucidated the underlying phagocytosis mechanisms, such as the equilibrium among phagocytic signals, receptors and their respective signaling pathways, macrophage activation, as well as mitochondrial fission. We also reviewed the recent progress in the area of application strategies on the basis of the phagocytosis mechanism, including strategies targeting the phagocytic signals, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and macrophage activators. We also covered recent studies of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophage (CAR-M)-based anti-tumor therapy. Furthermore, we summarized the shortcomings and future applications of each strategy and look into their prospects with the hope of providing future research directions for developing the application of macrophage phagocytosis-promoting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yong-Lin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jia-Wen Tian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - He-Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Rui-Fang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ping Gong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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4
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Essletzbichler P, Sedlyarov V, Frommelt F, Soulat D, Heinz LX, Stefanovic A, Neumayer B, Superti-Furga G. A genome-wide CRISPR functional survey of the human phagocytosis molecular machinery. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201715. [PMID: 36725334 PMCID: PMC9892931 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, the process by which cells engulf large particles, plays a vital role in driving tissue clearance and host defense. Its dysregulation is connected to autoimmunity, toxic accumulation of proteins, and increased risks for infections. Despite its importance, we lack full understanding of all molecular components involved in the process. To create a functional map in human cells, we performed a genome-wide CRISPRko FACS screen that identified 716 genes. Mapping those hits to a comprehensive protein-protein interaction network annotated for functional cellular processes allowed retrieval of protein complexes identified multiple times and detection of missing phagocytosis regulators. In addition to known components, such as the Arp2/3 complex, the vacuolar-ATPase-Rag machinery, and the Wave-2 complex, we identified and validated new phagocytosis-relevant functions, including the oligosaccharyltransferase complex (MAGT1/SLC58A1, DDOST, STT3B, and RPN2) and the hypusine pathway (eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH). Overall, our phagocytosis network comprises elements of cargo uptake, shuffling, and biotransformation through the cell, providing a resource for the identification of potential novel drivers for diseases of the endo-lysosomal system. Our approach of integrating protein-protein interaction offers a broadly applicable way to functionally interpret genome-wide screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Essletzbichler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Didier Soulat
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrijana Stefanovic
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Neumayer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Lalnunthangi A, Dakpa G, Tiwari S. Multifunctional role of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in phagocytosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:179-217. [PMID: 36631192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized form of endocytosis where large cells and particles (>0.5μm) are engulfed by the phagocytic cells, and ultimately digested in the phagolysosomes. This process not only eliminates unwanted particles and pathogens from the extracellular sources, but also eliminates apoptotic cells within the body, and is critical for maintenance of tissue homeostasis. It is believed that both endocytosis and phagocytosis share common pathways after particle internalization, but specialized features and differences between these two routes of internalization are also likely. The recruitment and removal of each protein/particle during the maturation of endocytic/phagocytic vesicles has to be tightly regulated to ensure their timely action. Ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP), degrades unwanted proteins by post-translational modification of proteins with chains of conserved protein Ubiquitin (Ub), with subsequent recognition of Ub chains by the 26S proteasomes and substrate degradation by this protease. This pathway utilizes different Ub linkages to modify proteins to regulate protein-protein interaction, localization, and activity. Due to its vast number of targets, it is involved in many cellular pathways, including phagocytosis. This chapters describes the basic steps and signaling in phagocytosis and different roles that UPP plays at multiple steps in regulating phagocytosis directly, or through its interaction with other phagosomal proteins. How aberrations in UPP function affect phagocytosis and their association with human diseases, and how pathogens exploit this pathway for their own benefit is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swati Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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6
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Barger SR, Vorselen D, Gauthier NC, Theriot JA, Krendel M. F-actin organization and target constriction during primary macrophage phagocytosis is balanced by competing activity of myosin-I and myosin-II. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br24. [PMID: 36129777 PMCID: PMC9727803 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton for extension of membrane protrusions and force generation to ultimately drive the engulfment of targets. The detailed mechanisms of phagocytosis have almost exclusively been studied in immortalized cell lines. Here, we make use of high-resolution imaging and novel biophysical approaches to determine the structural and mechanical features of phagocytosis by primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. We find that the signature behavior of these primary cells is distinct from macrophage-like cell lines; specifically, it is gentle, with only weak target constriction and modest polarization of the F-actin distribution inside the phagocytic cup. We show that long-tailed myosins 1e/f are critical for this organization. Deficiency of myo1e/f causes dramatic shifts in F-actin localization, reducing F-actin at the phagocytic cup base and enhancing F-actin-mediated constriction at the cup rim. Surprisingly, these changes can be almost fully reverted upon inhibition of another myosin motor protein, myosin-II. Hence, we show that the biomechanics and large-scale organization of phagocytic cups is tightly regulated through competing contributions from myosin-Ie/f and myosin-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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7
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More than a simple epithelial layer: multifunctional role of echinoderm coelomic epithelium. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:207-227. [PMID: 36083358 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In echinoderms, the coelomic epithelium (CE) is reportedly the source of new circulating cells (coelomocytes) as well as the provider of molecular factors such as immunity-related molecules. However, its overall functions have been scarcely studied in detail. In this work, we used an integrated approach based on both microscopy (light and electron) and proteomic analyses to investigate the arm CE in the starfish Marthasterias glacialis during different physiological conditions (i.e., non-regenerating and/or regenerating). Our results show that CE cells share both ultrastructural and proteomic features with circulating coelomocytes (echinoderm immune cells). Additionally, microscopy and proteomic analyses indicate that CE cells are actively involved in protein synthesis and processing, and membrane trafficking processes such as phagocytosis (particularly of myocytes) and massive secretion phenomena. The latter might provide molecules (e.g., immune factors) and fluids for proper arm growth/regrowth. No stem cell marker was identified and no pre-existing stem cell was observed within the CE. Rather, during regeneration, CE cells undergo dedifferentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition to deliver progenitor cells for tissue replacement. Overall, our work underlines that echinoderm CE is not a "simple epithelial lining" and that instead it plays multiple functions which span from immunity-related roles as well as being a source of regeneration-competent cells for arm growth/regrowth.
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8
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Molina E, Cataldo VF, Eggers C, Muñoz-Madrid V, Glavic Á. p53 Related Protein Kinase is Required for Arp2/3-Dependent Actin Dynamics of Hemocytes in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:859105. [PMID: 35721516 PMCID: PMC9201722 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.859105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells extend membrane protrusions like lamellipodia and filopodia from the leading edge to sense, to move and to form new contacts. The Arp2/3 complex sustains lamellipodia formation, and in conjunction with the actomyosin contractile system, provides mechanical strength to the cell. Drosophila p53-related protein kinase (Prpk), a Tsc5p ortholog, has been described as essential for cell growth and proliferation. In addition, Prpk interacts with proteins associated to actin filament dynamics such as α-spectrin and the Arp2/3 complex subunit Arpc4. Here, we investigated the role of Prpk in cell shape changes, specifically regarding actin filament dynamics and membrane protrusion formation. We found that reductions in Prpk alter cell shape and the structure of lamellipodia, mimicking the phenotypes evoked by Arp2/3 complex deficiencies. Prpk co-localize and co-immunoprecipitates with the Arp2/3 complex subunit Arpc1 and with the small GTPase Rab35. Importantly, expression of Rab35, known by its ability to recruit upstream regulators of the Arp2/3 complex, could rescue the Prpk knockdown phenotypes. Finally, we evaluated the requirement of Prpk in different developmental contexts, where it was shown to be essential for correct Arp2/3 complex distribution and actin dynamics required for hemocytes migration, recruitment, and phagocytosis during immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Molina
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente F. Cataldo
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Eggers
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Muñoz-Madrid
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Glavic
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Álvaro Glavic,
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9
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Mazzolini J, Le Clerc S, Morisse G, Coulonges C, Zagury J, Sieger D. Wasl is crucial to maintain microglial core activities during glioblastoma initiation stages. Glia 2022; 70:1027-1051. [PMID: 35194846 PMCID: PMC9306864 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microglia actively promotes the growth of high-grade gliomas. Within the glioma microenvironment an amoeboid microglial morphology has been observed, however the underlying causes and the related impact on microglia functions and their tumor promoting activities is unclear. Using the advantages of the larval zebrafish model, we identified the underlying mechanism and show that microglial morphology and functions are already impaired during glioma initiation stages. The presence of pre-neoplastic HRasV12 expressing cells induces an amoeboid morphology of microglia, increases microglial numbers and decreases their motility and phagocytic activity. RNA sequencing analysis revealed lower expression levels of the actin nucleation promoting factor wasla in microglia. Importantly, a microglia specific rescue of wasla expression restores microglial morphology and functions. This results in increased phagocytosis of pre-neoplastic cells and slows down tumor progression. In conclusion, we identified a mechanism that de-activates core microglial functions within the emerging glioma microenvironment. Restoration of this mechanism might provide a way to impair glioma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mazzolini
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersHESAM UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Gregoire Morisse
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Cédric Coulonges
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersHESAM UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Jean‐François Zagury
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersHESAM UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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10
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Park MC, Goughnour PC, Jun S, Cho S, Song E, Kim SB, Kim HY, Hyun JK, Kim P, Jung HS, Kim S. Two distinct receptor-binding domains of human glycyl-tRNA synthetase 1 displayed on extracellular vesicles activate M1 polarization and phagocytic bridging of macrophages to cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2022; 539:215698. [PMID: 35523311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in cancer microenvironment. Human cytosolic glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS1) was previously shown to be secreted via extracellular vesicles (EVs) from macrophages to trigger cancer cell death. However, the effects of GARS1-containing EVs (GARS1-EVs) on macrophages as well as on cancer cells and the working mechanisms of GARS1 in cancer microenvironment are not yet understood. Here we show that GARS1-EVs induce M1 polarization and facilitate phagocytosis of macrophages. GARS1-EVs triggers M1 polarization of macrophage via the specific interaction of the extracellular cadherin subdomains 1-4 of the cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 (CELSR2) with the N-terminal WHEP domain containing peptide region of GARS1, and activates the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway for M1 type cytokine production and phagocytosis. Besides, GARS1 interacted with cadherin 6 (CDH6) of cancer cells via its C-terminal tRNA-binding domain to induce cancer cell death. In vivo model, GARS1-EVs showed potent suppressive activity against tumor initiation via M1 type macrophages. GARS1 displayed on macrophage-secreted extracellular vesicles suppressed tumor growth in dual mode, namely through pro-apoptotic effect on cancer cells and M1 polarization effect on macrophages. Collectively, these results elucidate the unique tumor suppressive activity and mechanism of GARS1-EVs by activating M1 macrophage via CELSR2 as well as by direct killing of cancer cells via CDH6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 50834, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Peter C Goughnour
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Sangmi Jun
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Seongmin Cho
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Song
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, 01795, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Yun Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnamdo, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
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11
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Sun J, Zhong X, Fu X, Miller H, Lee P, Yu B, Liu C. The Actin Regulators Involved in the Function and Related Diseases of Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799309. [PMID: 35371070 PMCID: PMC8965893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an important cytoskeletal protein involved in signal transduction, cell structure and motility. Actin regulators include actin-monomer-binding proteins, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins, nucleation proteins, actin filament polymerases and severing proteins. This group of proteins regulate the dynamic changes in actin assembly/disassembly, thus playing an important role in cell motility, intracellular transport, cell division and other basic cellular activities. Lymphocytes are important components of the human immune system, consisting of T-lymphocytes (T cells), B-lymphocytes (B cells) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Lymphocytes are indispensable for both innate and adaptive immunity and cannot function normally without various actin regulators. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and fundamental functions of a variety of well-known and newly discovered actin regulators, then we highlight the role of actin regulators in T cell, B cell and NK cell, and finally provide a landscape of various diseases associated with them. This review provides new directions in exploring actin regulators and promotes more precise and effective treatments for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Vorselen D, Barger SR, Wang Y, Cai W, Theriot JA, Gauthier NC, Krendel M. Phagocytic 'teeth' and myosin-II 'jaw' power target constriction during phagocytosis. eLife 2021; 10:e68627. [PMID: 34708690 PMCID: PMC8585483 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires rapid actin reorganization and spatially controlled force generation to ingest targets ranging from pathogens to apoptotic cells. How actomyosin activity directs membrane extensions to engulf such diverse targets remains unclear. Here, we combine lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) with microparticle traction force microscopy (MP-TFM) to quantify actin dynamics and subcellular forces during macrophage phagocytosis. We show that spatially localized forces leading to target constriction are prominent during phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. This constriction is largely driven by Arp2/3-mediated assembly of discrete actin protrusions containing myosin 1e and 1f ('teeth') that appear to be interconnected in a ring-like organization. Contractile myosin-II activity contributes to late-stage phagocytic force generation and progression, supporting a specific role in phagocytic cup closure. Observations of partial target eating attempts and sudden target release via a popping mechanism suggest that constriction may be critical for resolving complex in vivo target encounters. Overall, our findings present a phagocytic cup shaping mechanism that is distinct from cytoskeletal remodeling in 2D cell motility and may contribute to mechanosensing and phagocytic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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13
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Zhu X, Fan B, Zhou J, Wang D, Fan H, Li B. A High-Throughput Method to Analyze the Interaction Proteins With p22 Protein of African Swine Fever Virus In Vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:719859. [PMID: 34552974 PMCID: PMC8450437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.719859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been identified as the agent of African swine fever, resulting in a mortality rate of nearly 100% in domestic pigs worldwide. Protein p22 encoded by gene KP177R has been reported to be localized at the inner envelope of the virus, while the function of p22 remains unclear. In this study, p22 interacting proteins of the host were identified by a high-throughput method and analyzed by Gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; numerous cellular proteins in 293-T that interacted with p22 protein were identified. These interacting proteins were related to the biological processes of binding, cell structure, signal transduction, cell adhesion, etc. At the same time, the interacted proteins participated in several KEGG pathways like ribosome, spliceosome, etc. The key proteins in the protein-protein interaction network were closely related to actin filament organization and movement, resulting in affecting the process of phagocytosis and endocytosis. A large number of proteins that interacted with p22 were identified, providing a large database, which should be very useful to elucidate the function of p22 in the near future, laying the foundation for elucidating the mechanism of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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14
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Stahnke S, Döring H, Kusch C, de Gorter DJJ, Dütting S, Guledani A, Pleines I, Schnoor M, Sixt M, Geffers R, Rohde M, Müsken M, Kage F, Steffen A, Faix J, Nieswandt B, Rottner K, Stradal TEB. Loss of Hem1 disrupts macrophage function and impacts migration, phagocytosis, and integrin-mediated adhesion. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2051-2064.e8. [PMID: 33711252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic-specific protein 1 (Hem1) is an essential subunit of the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) in immune cells. WRC is crucial for Arp2/3 complex activation and the protrusion of branched actin filament networks. Moreover, Hem1 loss of function in immune cells causes autoimmune diseases in humans. Here, we show that genetic removal of Hem1 in macrophages diminishes frequency and efficacy of phagocytosis as well as phagocytic cup formation in addition to defects in lamellipodial protrusion and migration. Moreover, Hem1-null macrophages displayed strong defects in cell adhesion despite unaltered podosome formation and concomitant extracellular matrix degradation. Specifically, dynamics of both adhesion and de-adhesion as well as concomitant phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were significantly compromised. Accordingly, disruption of WRC function in non-hematopoietic cells coincided with both defects in adhesion turnover and altered FAK and paxillin phosphorylation. Consistently, platelets exhibited reduced adhesion and diminished integrin αIIbβ3 activation upon WRC removal. Interestingly, adhesion phenotypes, but not lamellipodia formation, were partially rescued by small molecule activation of FAK. A full rescue of the phenotype, including lamellipodia formation, required not only the presence of WRCs but also their binding to and activation by Rac. Collectively, our results uncover that WRC impacts on integrin-dependent processes in a FAK-dependent manner, controlling formation and dismantling of adhesions, relevant for properly grabbing onto extracellular surfaces and particles during cell edge expansion, like in migration or phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Stahnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Döring
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charly Kusch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David J J de Gorter
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dütting
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aleks Guledani
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frieda Kage
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anika Steffen
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School MHH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia E B Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany.
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15
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Davidson AJ, Wood W. Macrophages Use Distinct Actin Regulators to Switch Engulfment Strategies and Ensure Phagocytic Plasticity In Vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107692. [PMID: 32460022 PMCID: PMC7262594 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages must not only be responsive to an array of different stimuli, such as infection and cellular damage, but also perform phagocytosis within the diverse and complex tissue environments found in vivo. This requires a high degree of morphological and therefore cytoskeletal plasticity. Here, we use the exceptional genetics and in vivo imaging of Drosophila embryos to study macrophage phagocytic versatility during apoptotic corpse clearance. We find that macrophage phagocytosis is highly robust, arising from their possession of two distinct modes of engulfment that utilize exclusive suites of actin-regulatory proteins. “Lamellipodial phagocytosis” is Arp2/3-complex-dependent and allows cells to migrate toward and envelop apoptotic corpses. Alternatively, Diaphanous and Ena drive filopodial phagocytosis to reach out and draw in debris. Macrophages switch to “filopodial phagocytosis” to overcome spatial constraint, providing the robust plasticity necessary to ensure that whatever obstacle they encounter in vivo, they fulfil their critical clearance function. Macrophages use two distinct modes of engulfment: lamellipodial and filopodial phagocytosis Arp2/3-complex-dependent lamellipodial phagocytosis involves envelopment via a lamellipod Filopodial phagocytosis involves phagocytic filopods extended by Dia and/or Ena Macrophages switch to filopodial phagocytosis to overcome spatial constraint in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Davidson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Will Wood
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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16
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Medina CM, Ferreira ÉR, Bonifácio BS, Mortara RA, Bonfim-Melo A. Trypanosoma cruzi extracellular amastigotes engage Rac1 and Cdc42 to invade RAW macrophages. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104837. [PMID: 33957277 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi extracellular amastigotes (EAs) relies significantly upon the host cell actin cytoskeleton. In past decades EAs have been established as a reliable model for phagocytosis inducer in non-phagocytic cells. Our current hypothesis is that EAs engage a phagocytosis-like mechanism in non-professional phagocytic cells; however, the molecular mechanisms in professional phagocytes still remain unexplored. In this work, we evaluated the involvement of Rac1 and Cdc42 in the actin-dependent internalization of EAs in RAW 246.7 macrophages. Kinetic assays showed similar internalization of EAs in unstimulated RAW and non-phagocytic HeLa cells but increased in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated RAW cells. However, depletion of Rac1, Cdc42 or RhoA inhibited EA internalization similarly in both unstimulated and stimulated RAW cells. Overexpression of active, but not the dominant-negative, construct of Rac1 increased EA internalization. Remarkably, for Cdc42, both the active and the inactive mutants decreased EA internalization when compared to wild type groups. Despite that both Rac1 and Cdc42 activation mutants were similarly recruited to and colocalized with actin at the EA-macrophage contact sites when compared to their native isoforms. Altogether, these results corroborate that EAs engage phagocytic processes to invade both professional and non-professional phagocytic cells providing evidences of converging actin mediated mechanisms induced by intracellular pathogens in both cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Macedo Medina
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Éden Ramalho Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Souza Bonifácio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; current address: Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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17
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Bouti P, Webbers SDS, Fagerholm SC, Alon R, Moser M, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. β2 Integrin Signaling Cascade in Neutrophils: More Than a Single Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619925. [PMID: 33679708 PMCID: PMC7930317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most prevalent leukocytes in the human body. They have a pivotal role in the innate immune response against invading bacterial and fungal pathogens, while recent emerging evidence also demonstrates their role in cancer progression and anti-tumor responses. The efficient execution of many neutrophil effector responses requires the presence of β2 integrins, in particular CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 heterodimers. Although extensively studied at the molecular level, the exact signaling cascades downstream of β2 integrins still remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus mainly on inside-out and outside-in signaling of these two β2 integrin members expressed on neutrophils and describe differences between various neutrophil stimuli with respect to integrin activation, integrin ligand binding, and the pertinent differences between mouse and human studies. Last, we discuss how integrin signaling studies could be used to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting β2 integrins and the intracellular signaling cascade in neutrophils in several, among other, inflammatory conditions in which neutrophil activity should be dampened to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Vandendriessche S, Cambier S, Proost P, Marques PE. Complement Receptors and Their Role in Leukocyte Recruitment and Phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624025. [PMID: 33644062 PMCID: PMC7905230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is deeply embedded in our physiology and immunity. Complement activation generates a multitude of molecules that converge simultaneously on the opsonization of a target for phagocytosis and activation of the immune system via soluble anaphylatoxins. This response is used to control microorganisms and to remove dead cells, but also plays a major role in stimulating the adaptive immune response and the regeneration of injured tissues. Many of these effects inherently depend on complement receptors expressed on leukocytes and parenchymal cells, which, by recognizing complement-derived molecules, promote leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis of microorganisms and clearance of immune complexes. Here, the plethora of information on the role of complement receptors will be reviewed, including an analysis of how this functionally and structurally diverse group of molecules acts jointly to exert the full extent of complement regulation of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandendriessche
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro E Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Montaño-Rendón F, Grinstein S, Walpole GFW. Monitoring Phosphoinositide Fluxes and Effectors During Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626136. [PMID: 33614656 PMCID: PMC7890364 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic re-organization of cellular membranes in response to extracellular stimuli is fundamental to the cell physiology of myeloid and lymphoid cells of the immune system. In addition to maintaining cellular homeostatic functions, remodeling of the plasmalemma and endomembranes endow leukocytes with the potential to relay extracellular signals across their biological membranes to promote rolling adhesion and diapedesis, migration into the tissue parenchyma, and to ingest foreign particles and effete cells. Phosphoinositides, signaling lipids that control the interface of biological membranes with the external environment, are pivotal to this wealth of functions. Here, we highlight the complex metabolic transitions that occur to phosphoinositides during several stages of the leukocyte lifecycle, namely diapedesis, migration, and phagocytosis. We describe classical and recently developed tools that have aided our understanding of these complex lipids. Finally, major downstream effectors of inositides are highlighted including the cytoskeleton, emphasizing the importance of these rare lipids in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Montaño-Rendón
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Miyokawa R, Kanaya HJ, Itoh TQ, Kobayakawa Y, Kusumi J. Immature symbiotic system between horizontally transmitted green algae and brown hydra. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2921. [PMID: 33536483 PMCID: PMC7859245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Some strains of brown hydra (Hydra vulgaris) are able to harbor the green algae Chlorococcum in their endodermal epithelial cells as symbionts. However, the relationship between brown hydra and chlorococcum is considered to be incipient symbiosis because most artificially introduced symbionts are not stable and because symbiotic H. vulgaris strains are rare in the wild. In this study, we compared the gene expression levels of the newly established symbiotic hydra (strain 105G), the native symbiotic strain (J7), and their non-symbiotic polyps to determine what changes would occur at the early stage of the evolution of symbiosis. We found that both the 105G and J7 strains showed comparable expression patterns, exhibiting upregulation of lysosomal enzymes and downregulation of genes related to nematocyte development and function. Meanwhile, genes involved in translation and the respiratory chain were upregulated only in strain 105G. Furthermore, treatment with rapamycin, which inhibits translation activity, induced the degeneration of the symbiotic strains (105G and J7). This effect was severe in strain 105G. Our results suggested that evolving the ability to balance the cellular metabolism between the host and the symbiont is a key requirement for adapting to endosymbiosis with chlorococcum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyokawa
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Graduate School of Integrated Science for Global Society, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki J. Kanaya
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Taichi Q. Itoh
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kobayakawa
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Junko Kusumi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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21
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Papalazarou V, Swaminathan K, Jaber-Hijazi F, Spence H, Lahmann I, Nixon C, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Arnold HH, Rottner K, Machesky LM. The Arp2/3 complex is crucial for colonisation of the mouse skin by melanoblasts. Development 2020; 147:dev194555. [PMID: 33028610 PMCID: PMC7687863 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is essential for the assembly of branched filamentous actin, but its role in physiology and development is surprisingly little understood. Melanoblasts deriving from the neural crest migrate along the developing embryo and traverse the dermis to reach the epidermis, colonising the skin and eventually homing within the hair follicles. We have previously established that Rac1 and Cdc42 direct melanoblast migration in vivo We hypothesised that the Arp2/3 complex might be the main downstream effector of these small GTPases. Arp3 depletion in the melanocyte lineage results in severe pigmentation defects in dorsal and ventral regions of the mouse skin. Arp3 null melanoblasts demonstrate proliferation and migration defects and fail to elongate as their wild-type counterparts. Conditional deletion of Arp3 in primary melanocytes causes improper proliferation, spreading, migration and adhesion to extracellular matrix. Collectively, our results suggest that the Arp2/3 complex is absolutely indispensable in the melanocyte lineage in mouse development, and indicate a significant role in developmental processes that require tight regulation of actin-mediated motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Papalazarou
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Karthic Swaminathan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Farah Jaber-Hijazi
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Heather Spence
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ines Lahmann
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Hans-Henning Arnold
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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22
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Zhou Z, Chen F, Zhong S, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Kang K, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhao M, Zhao C. Molecular identification of protein kinase C beta in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21798-21808. [PMID: 33186918 PMCID: PMC7695410 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential roles of protein kinase C beta (PRKCB) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We identified 2,254 differentially expressed genes from 19,245 background genes in AD versus control as well as PRKCB-low versus high group. Five co-expression modules were constructed by weight gene correlation network analysis. Among them, the 1,222 genes of the turquoise module had the strongest relation to AD and those with low PRKCB expression, which were enriched in apoptosis, axon guidance, gap junction, Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways. The intersection pathways of PRKCB in AD were determined, including gap junction, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, MAPK and VEGF signaling pathways. Based on the performance evaluation of the area under the curve of 75.3%, PRKCB could accurately predict the onset of AD. Therefore, low expressions of PRKCB was a potential causative factor of AD, which might be involved in gap junction, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, MAPK and VEGF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fenqin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Kexin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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23
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Dual Effect of Soloxolone Methyl on LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217876. [PMID: 33114200 PMCID: PMC7660695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-extracted triterpenoids belong to a class of bioactive compounds with pleotropic functions, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of a semisynthetic derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βH-GA), soloxolone methyl (methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18βH-olean-9(11),1(2)-dien-30-oate, or SM) in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and in vivo in models of acute inflammation: LPS-induced endotoxemia and carrageenan-induced peritonitis. SM used at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (II) and increase the level of reduced glutathione production by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SM strongly suppressed the phagocytic and migration activity of activated macrophages. These effects were found to be associated with the stimulation of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as with the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Akt phosphorylation. Surprisingly, it was found that SM significantly enhanced LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells via activation of the c-Jun/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis. In vivo pre-exposure treatment with SM effectively inhibited the development of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity, but it did not improve LPS-induced inflammation in the endotoxemia model.
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24
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Taefehshokr N, Yin C, Heit B. Rab GTPases in the differential processing of phagocytosed pathogens versus efferocytosed apoptotic cells. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:123-135. [PMID: 32990320 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important feature of innate immunity in which invading microorganisms are engulfed, killed and degraded - and in some immune cells, their antigens presented to adaptive immune system. A closely related process, efferocytosis, removes apoptotic cells, and is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Both phagocytosis and efferocytosis are tightly regulated processes that involve target recognition and uptake through specific receptors, followed by endolysosomal trafficking and processing of the internalized target. Central to the uptake and trafficking of these targets are the Rab family of small GTPases, which coordinate the engulfment and trafficking of both phagocytosed and efferocytosed materials through the endolysosomal system. Because of this regulatory function, Rab GTPases are often targeted by pathogens to escape phagocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the shared and differential roles of Rab GTPases in phagocytosis and efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Associate Scientist, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Patel VI, Booth JL, Dozmorov M, Brown BR, Metcalf JP. Anthrax Edema and Lethal Toxins Differentially Target Human Lung and Blood Phagocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070464. [PMID: 32698436 PMCID: PMC7405021 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of inhalation anthrax, is a serious concern as a bioterrorism weapon. The vegetative form produces two exotoxins: Lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET). We recently characterized and compared six human airway and alveolar-resident phagocyte (AARP) subsets at the transcriptional and functional levels. In this study, we examined the effects of LT and ET on these subsets and human leukocytes. AARPs and leukocytes do not express high levels of the toxin receptors, tumor endothelium marker-8 (TEM8) and capillary morphogenesis protein-2 (CMG2). Less than 20% expressed surface TEM8, while less than 15% expressed CMG2. All cell types bound or internalized protective antigen, the common component of the two toxins, in a dose-dependent manner. Most protective antigen was likely internalized via macropinocytosis. Cells were not sensitive to LT-induced apoptosis or necrosis at concentrations up to 1000 ng/mL. However, toxin exposure inhibited B. anthracis spore internalization. This inhibition was driven primarily by ET in AARPs and LT in leukocytes. These results support a model of inhalation anthrax in which spores germinate and produce toxins. ET inhibits pathogen phagocytosis by AARPs, allowing alveolar escape. In late-stage disease, LT inhibits phagocytosis by leukocytes, allowing bacterial replication in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet I. Patel
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (V.I.P.); (J.L.B.); (B.R.B.)
| | - J. Leland Booth
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (V.I.P.); (J.L.B.); (B.R.B.)
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Brent R. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (V.I.P.); (J.L.B.); (B.R.B.)
| | - Jordan P. Metcalf
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (V.I.P.); (J.L.B.); (B.R.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Cao L, Yonis A, Vaghela M, Barriga EH, Chugh P, Smith MB, Maufront J, Lavoie G, Méant A, Ferber E, Bovellan M, Alberts A, Bertin A, Mayor R, Paluch EK, Roux PP, Jégou A, Romet-Lemonne G, Charras G. SPIN90 associates with mDia1 and the Arp2/3 complex to regulate cortical actin organization. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:803-814. [PMID: 32572169 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell shape is controlled by the submembranous cortex, an actomyosin network mainly generated by two actin nucleators: the Arp2/3 complex and the formin mDia1. Changes in relative nucleator activity may alter cortical organization, mechanics and cell shape. Here we investigate how nucleation-promoting factors mediate interactions between nucleators. In vitro, the nucleation-promoting factor SPIN90 promotes formation of unbranched filaments by Arp2/3, a process thought to provide the initial filament for generation of dendritic networks. Paradoxically, in cells, SPIN90 appears to favour a formin-dominated cortex. Our in vitro experiments reveal that this feature stems mainly from two mechanisms: efficient recruitment of mDia1 to SPIN90-Arp2/3 nucleated filaments and formation of a ternary SPIN90-Arp2/3-mDia1 complex that greatly enhances filament nucleation. Both mechanisms yield rapidly elongating filaments with mDia1 at their barbed ends and SPIN90-Arp2/3 at their pointed ends. Thus, in networks, SPIN90 lowers branching densities and increases the proportion of long filaments elongated by mDia1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Cao
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Amina Yonis
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Malti Vaghela
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Priyamvada Chugh
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Smith
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.,The Francis Crick institute, London, UK
| | - Julien Maufront
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Lavoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Méant
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emma Ferber
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miia Bovellan
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Art Alberts
- Van Andel research institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.,Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Antoine Jégou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
| | | | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK.
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27
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Jaumouillé V, Waterman CM. Physical Constraints and Forces Involved in Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1097. [PMID: 32595635 PMCID: PMC7304309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized process that enables cellular ingestion and clearance of microbes, dead cells and tissue debris that are too large for other endocytic routes. As such, it is an essential component of tissue homeostasis and the innate immune response, and also provides a link to the adaptive immune response. However, ingestion of large particulate materials represents a monumental task for phagocytic cells. It requires profound reorganization of the cell morphology around the target in a controlled manner, which is limited by biophysical constraints. Experimental and theoretical studies have identified critical aspects associated with the interconnected biophysical properties of the receptors, the membrane, and the actin cytoskeleton that can determine the success of large particle internalization. In this review, we will discuss the major physical constraints involved in the formation of a phagosome. Focusing on two of the most-studied types of phagocytic receptors, the Fcγ receptors and the complement receptor 3 (αMβ2 integrin), we will describe the complex molecular mechanisms employed by phagocytes to overcome these physical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jaumouillé
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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28
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Phagocytosis: Our Current Understanding of a Universal Biological Process. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1066. [PMID: 32582172 PMCID: PMC7280488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells. Phagocytosis is found in many types of cells and it is, in consequence an essential process for tissue homeostasis. However, only specialized cells termed professional phagocytes accomplish phagocytosis with high efficiency. Macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts are among these dedicated cells. These professional phagocytes express several phagocytic receptors that activate signaling pathways resulting in phagocytosis. The process of phagocytosis involves several phases: i) detection of the particle to be ingested, ii) activation of the internalization process, iii) formation of a specialized vacuole called phagosome, and iv) maturation of the phagosome to transform it into a phagolysosome. In this review, we present a general view of our current understanding on cells, phagocytic receptors and phases involved in phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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29
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Walpole GFW, Grinstein S. Endocytosis and the internalization of pathogenic organisms: focus on phosphoinositides. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32494357 PMCID: PMC7233180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22393.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their comparatively low abundance in biological membranes, phosphoinositides are key to the regulation of a diverse array of signaling pathways and direct membrane traffic. The role of phosphoinositides in the initiation and progression of endocytic pathways has been studied in considerable depth. Recent advances have revealed that distinct phosphoinositide species feature prominently in clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis as well as in phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. Moreover, a variety of intracellular and cell-associated pathogens have developed strategies to commandeer host cell phosphoinositide metabolism to gain entry and/or metabolic advantage, thereby promoting their survival and proliferation. Here, we briefly survey the current knowledge on the involvement of phosphoinositides in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis and highlight several examples of molecular mimicry employed by pathogens to either “hitch a ride” on endocytic pathways endogenous to the host or create an entry path of their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Jubrail J, Africano‐Gomez K, Herit F, Mularski A, Bourdoncle P, Oberg L, Israelsson E, Burgel P, Mayer G, Cunoosamy DM, Kurian N, Niedergang F. Arpin is critical for phagocytosis in macrophages and is targeted by human rhinovirus. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47963. [PMID: 31721415 PMCID: PMC6945061 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus is a causative agent of severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterised by an increased number of alveolar macrophages with diminished phagocytic functions, but how rhinovirus infection affects macrophage function is still unknown. Here, we describe that human rhinovirus 16 impairs bacterial uptake and receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages. The stalled phagocytic cups contain accumulated F-actin. Interestingly, we find that human rhinovirus 16 downregulates the expression of Arpin, a negative regulator of the Arp2/3 complex. Importantly, re-expression of the protein rescues defective internalisation in human rhinovirus 16-treated cells, demonstrating that Arpin is a key factor targeted to impair phagocytosis. We further show that Arpin is required for efficient uptake of multiple targets, for F-actin cup formation and for successful phagosome completion in macrophages. Interestingly, Arpin is recruited to sites of membrane extension and phagosome closure. Thus, we identify Arpin as a central actin regulator during phagocytosis that it is targeted by human rhinovirus 16, allowing the virus to perturb bacterial internalisation and phagocytosis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Jubrail
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERM, U1016, CNRSUMR 8104ParisFrance
| | | | - Floriane Herit
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERM, U1016, CNRSUMR 8104ParisFrance
| | - Anna Mularski
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERM, U1016, CNRSUMR 8104ParisFrance
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERM, U1016, CNRSUMR 8104ParisFrance
| | - Lisa Oberg
- Translational Science and Experimental MedicineResearch and Early DevelopmentRespiratory Inflammation and AutoimmunityBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Elisabeth Israelsson
- Translational Science and Experimental MedicineResearch and Early DevelopmentRespiratory Inflammation and AutoimmunityBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Pierre‐Regis Burgel
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinINSERM, U1016, CNRSUMR 8104ParisFrance
- Department of PneumologyHospital Cochin, AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Gaell Mayer
- Late‐stage developmentRespiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity (RIA)BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Danen M Cunoosamy
- Translational Science and Experimental MedicineResearch and Early DevelopmentRespiratory Inflammation and AutoimmunityBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Nisha Kurian
- Respiratory Inflammation and Autoimmune Precision Medicine UnitPrecision Medicine, Oncology R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
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31
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized process that enables cellular ingestion and clearance of microbes, dead cells and tissue debris that are too large for other endocytic routes. As such, it is an essential component of tissue homeostasis and the innate immune response, and also provides a link to the adaptive immune response. However, ingestion of large particulate materials represents a monumental task for phagocytic cells. It requires profound reorganization of the cell morphology around the target in a controlled manner, which is limited by biophysical constraints. Experimental and theoretical studies have identified critical aspects associated with the interconnected biophysical properties of the receptors, the membrane, and the actin cytoskeleton that can determine the success of large particle internalization. In this review, we will discuss the major physical constraints involved in the formation of a phagosome. Focusing on two of the most-studied types of phagocytic receptors, the Fcγ receptors and the complement receptor 3 (αMβ2 integrin), we will describe the complex molecular mechanisms employed by phagocytes to overcome these physical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jaumouillé
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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32
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Freeman SA, Grinstein S. Phagocytosis: Mechanosensing, Traction Forces, and a Molecular Clutch. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R24-R26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Querol Cano L, Tagit O, Dolen Y, van Duffelen A, Dieltjes S, Buschow SI, Niki T, Hirashima M, Joosten B, van den Dries K, Cambi A, Figdor CG, van Spriel AB. Intracellular Galectin-9 Controls Dendritic Cell Function by Maintaining Plasma Membrane Rigidity. iScience 2019; 22:240-255. [PMID: 31786520 PMCID: PMC6906692 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous extracellular Galectins constitute a novel mechanism of membrane protein organization at the cell surface. Although Galectins are also highly expressed intracellularly, their cytosolic functions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of Galectin-9 in dendritic cell (DC) surface organization and function. By combining functional, super-resolution and atomic force microscopy experiments to analyze membrane stiffness, we identified intracellular Galectin-9 to be indispensable for plasma membrane integrity and structure in DCs. Galectin-9 knockdown studies revealed intracellular Galectin-9 to directly control cortical membrane structure by modulating Rac1 activity, providing the underlying mechanism of Galectin-9-dependent actin cytoskeleton organization. Consequent to its role in maintaining plasma membrane structure, phagocytosis studies revealed that Galectin-9 was essential for C-type-lectin receptor-mediated pathogen uptake by DCs. This was confirmed by the impaired phagocytic capacity of Galectin-9-null murine DCs. Together, this study demonstrates a novel role for intracellular Galectin-9 in modulating DC function, which may be evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Oya Tagit
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Yusuf Dolen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anne van Duffelen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon Dieltjes
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Buschow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Toshiro Niki
- GalPharma Co., Ltd., Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan; Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mitsuomi Hirashima
- GalPharma Co., Ltd., Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan; Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
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Singh V, Davidson AC, Hume PJ, Humphreys D, Koronakis V. Arf GTPase interplay with Rho GTPases in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Small GTPases 2019; 10:411-418. [PMID: 28524754 PMCID: PMC6748364 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1329691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arf and Rho subfamilies of small GTPases are nucleotide-dependent molecular switches that act as master regulators of vesicular trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton organization. Small GTPases control cell processes with high fidelity by acting through distinct repertoires of binding partners called effectors. While we understand a great deal about how these GTPases act individually, relatively little is known about how they cooperate, especially in the control of effectors. This review highlights how Arf GTPases collaborate with Rac1 to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics at the membrane via recruiting and activating the Wave Regulatory Complex (WRC), a Rho effector that underpins lamellipodia formation and macropinocytosis. This provides insight into Arf regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, while putting the spotlight on small GTPase cooperation with emerging evidence of its importance in fundamental cell biology and interactions with pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Peter J. Hume
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Humphreys
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Coupling of β 2 integrins to actin by a mechanosensitive molecular clutch drives complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1357-1369. [PMID: 31659275 PMCID: PMC6858589 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
αMβ2 integrin (complement receptor 3) is a major receptor for phagocytosis in macrophages. In other contexts, integrins’ activities and functions are mechanically linked to actin dynamics through focal adhesions (FAs). We asked whether mechanical coupling of αMβ2 integrin to the actin cytoskeleton mediates phagocytosis. We found that particle internalization was driven by formation of Arp2/3 and formin-dependent actin protrusions that wrapped around the particle. Focal complex-like adhesions formed in the phagocytic cup that contained β2 integrins, FA proteins and tyrosine kinases. Perturbation of talin and Syk demonstrated that a talin-dependent link between integrin and actin and Syk-mediated recruitment of vinculin enable force transmission to target particles and promote phagocytosis. Altering target mechanical properties demonstrated more efficient phagocytosis of stiffer targets. Thus, macrophages use tyrosine kinase signaling to build a mechanosensitive, talin- and vinculin-mediated, FA-like molecular clutch, which couples integrins to cytoskeletal forces to drive particle engulfment.
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Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Itoh Y, Ab Fatah M, Nishimura T, Takemura K, Takeshita K, Kubota S, Miyazaki N, Wan Mohamad Noor WNI, Inaba T, Nguyen NTH, Hamada-Nakahara S, Oono-Yakura K, Tachikawa M, Iwasaki K, Kohda D, Yamamoto M, Kitao A, Shimada A, Suetsugu S. Phagocytosis is mediated by two-dimensional assemblies of the F-BAR protein GAS7. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4763. [PMID: 31628328 PMCID: PMC6802115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a cellular process for internalization of micron-sized large particles including pathogens. The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167 (BAR) domain proteins, including the FCH-BAR (F-BAR) domain proteins, impose specific morphologies on lipid membranes. Most BAR domain proteins are thought to form membrane invaginations or protrusions by assembling into helical submicron-diameter filaments, such as on clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, and filopodia. However, the mechanism by which BAR domain proteins assemble into micron-scale phagocytic cups was unclear. Here, we show that the two-dimensional sheet-like assembly of Growth Arrest-Specific 7 (GAS7) plays a critical role in phagocytic cup formation in macrophages. GAS7 has the F-BAR domain that possesses unique hydrophilic loops for two-dimensional sheet formation on flat membranes. Super-resolution microscopy reveals the similar assemblies of GAS7 on phagocytic cups and liposomes. The mutations of the loops abolishes both the membrane localization of GAS7 and phagocytosis. Thus, the sheet-like assembly of GAS7 plays a significant role in phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hanawa-Suetsugu
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yuzuru Itoh
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan ,0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Present Address: Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maisarah Ab Fatah
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tamako Nishimura
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takemura
- 0000 0001 2179 2105grid.32197.3eSchool of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Satoru Kubota
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bInstitute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | | | - Takehiko Inaba
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Nhung Thi Hong Nguyen
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | | | - Kayoko Oono-Yakura
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Masashi Tachikawa
- 0000000094465255grid.7597.cTheoretical Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bInstitute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,0000 0001 2369 4728grid.20515.33Present Address: Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kohda
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148 Japan ,0000 0001 2242 4849grid.177174.3Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | | | - Akio Kitao
- 0000 0001 2179 2105grid.32197.3eSchool of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148 Japan ,0000 0001 2242 4849grid.177174.3Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- 0000 0000 9227 2257grid.260493.aNara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
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37
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Jeng EE, Bhadkamkar V, Ibe NU, Gause H, Jiang L, Chan J, Jian R, Jimenez-Morales D, Stevenson E, Krogan NJ, Swaney DL, Snyder MP, Mukherjee S, Bassik MC. Systematic Identification of Host Cell Regulators of Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis Using a Genome-wide CRISPR Screen. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:551-563.e6. [PMID: 31540829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During infection, Legionella pneumophila translocates over 300 effector proteins into the host cytosol, allowing the pathogen to establish an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-like Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) that supports bacterial replication. Here, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen and secondary targeted screens in U937 human monocyte/macrophage-like cells to systematically identify host factors that regulate killing by L. pneumophila. The screens reveal known host factors hijacked by L. pneumophila, as well as genes spanning diverse trafficking and signaling pathways previously not linked to L. pneumophila pathogenesis. We further characterize C1orf43 and KIAA1109 as regulators of phagocytosis and show that RAB10 and its chaperone RABIF are required for optimal L. pneumophila replication and ER recruitment to the LCV. Finally, we show that Rab10 protein is recruited to the LCV and ubiquitinated by the effectors SidC/SdcA. Collectively, our results provide a wealth of previously undescribed insights into L. pneumophila pathogenesis and mammalian cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Jeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Varun Bhadkamkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nnejiuwa U Ibe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Haley Gause
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joanne Chan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruiqi Jian
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shaeri Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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38
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Comparative genomics reveals the origin of fungal hyphae and multicellularity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4080. [PMID: 31501435 PMCID: PMC6733946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyphae represent a hallmark structure of multicellular fungi. The evolutionary origins of hyphae and of the underlying genes are, however, hardly known. By systematically analyzing 72 complete genomes, we here show that hyphae evolved early in fungal evolution probably via diverse genetic changes, including co-option and exaptation of ancient eukaryotic (e.g. phagocytosis-related) genes, the origin of new gene families, gene duplications and alterations of gene structure, among others. Contrary to most multicellular lineages, the origin of filamentous fungi did not correlate with expansions of kinases, receptors or adhesive proteins. Co-option was probably the dominant mechanism for recruiting genes for hypha morphogenesis, while gene duplication was apparently less prevalent, except in transcriptional regulators and cell wall - related genes. We identified 414 novel gene families that show correlated evolution with hyphae and that may have contributed to its evolution. Our results suggest that hyphae represent a unique multicellular organization that evolved by limited fungal-specific innovations and gene duplication but pervasive co-option and modification of ancient eukaryotic functions.
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39
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Han F, Li W, Liu X, Zhang D, Liu L, Wang Z. Rac1 GTPase is a critical factor in phagocytosis in the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea by interacting with tropomyosin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:148-158. [PMID: 31082520 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Rho family GTPase Rac1 acts as a molecular switch for signal transduction to regulate various cellular functions. Here, a Rac1 homolog (LcRac1) was identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), one of the most economically important marine fishes. The LcRac1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Subsequently the specific antibody was raised using the purified fusion protein (GST-LcRac1). LcRac1 was ubiquitously expressed in all 12 tissues we examined, with the highest expression in heart and blood and the weakest expression in head-kidney and spleen. Moreover, time course analysis revealed that LcRac1 expression was obviously up-regulated in liver, spleen and head-kidney after immunization with Poly I:C, LPS and Vibrio parahemolyticus. On the other hand, on the basis of protein interaction, it was found that the LcRac1 interacted with Tropomyosin, a crucial protein in the process of phagocytosis. Furthermore, RNAi assays indicated that the phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index were significantly decreased when the LcRac1 gene was silenced by sequence-specific siRNA. Fluorescence microscopy assays revealed FITC-labeled V. parahemolyticus were remarkably decreased after LcRac1 was silenced by sequence-specific siRNA at 24 h. These findings implicate the vital role of LcRac1 in innate immunity in the large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiande Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Yindou Road 43, Xiamen, 361021, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
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40
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Sharma S, Agarwal S, Bharadwaj R, Somlata, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya A. Novel regulatory roles of PtdIns(4,5)P2generating enzyme EhPIPKI in actin dynamics and phagocytosis ofEntamoeba histolytica. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13087. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sharma
- School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Shalini Agarwal
- School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- School of MedicineUMASS Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Somlata
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and StudiesJamia Milia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Sudha Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
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41
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Naik U, Nguyen QPH, Harrison RE. Binding and uptake of single and dual-opsonized targets by macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:183-199. [PMID: 31172552 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of phagocytosis is largely derived from studies of individual receptor-ligand interactions and their downstream signaling pathways. Because phagocytes are exposed to a variety of ligands on heterogeneous target particles in vivo, it is important to observe the engagement of multiple receptors simultaneously and the triggered involvement of downstream signaling pathways. Potential crosstalk between the two well-characterized opsonic receptors, FcγR and CR3, was briefly explored in the early 1970s, where macrophages were challenged with dual-opsonized targets. However, subsequent studies on receptor crosstalk were primarily restricted to using single opsonins on different targets, typically at saturating opsonin conditions. Beyond validating these initial explorations on receptor crosstalk, we identify the early signaling mechanisms that underlie the binding and phagocytosis during the simultaneous activation of both opsonic receptors, through the presence of a dual-opsonized target (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and C3bi), compared with single receptor activation. For this purpose, we used signaling protein inhibitor studies as well as live cell brightfield and fluorescent imaging to fully understand the role of tyrosine kinases, F-actin dynamics and internalization kinetics for FcγR and CR3. Importantly, opsonic receptors were studied together and in isolation, in the context of sparsely opsonized targets. We observed enhanced particle binding and a synergistic effect on particle internalization during the simultaneous activation of FcγR and CR3 engaged with sparsely opsonized targets. Inhibition of early signaling and cytoskeletal molecules revealed a differential involvement of Src kinase for FcγR- vs CR3- and dual receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Src activity recruits Syk kinase and we observed intermediate levels of Syk phosphorylation in dual-opsonized particles compared with those opsonized with IgG or C3bi alone. These results likely explain the intermediate levels of F-actin that is recruited to sites of dual-opsonized particle uptake and the notoriously delayed internalization of C3bi-opsonized targets by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urja Naik
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quynh Phuong Hai Nguyen
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rene E Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Barger SR, Reilly NS, Shutova MS, Li Q, Maiuri P, Heddleston JM, Mooseker MS, Flavell RA, Svitkina T, Oakes PW, Krendel M, Gauthier NC. Membrane-cytoskeletal crosstalk mediated by myosin-I regulates adhesion turnover during phagocytosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1249. [PMID: 30890704 PMCID: PMC6425032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of invading pathogens or cellular debris requires a dramatic change in cell shape driven by actin polymerization. For antibody-covered targets, phagocytosis is thought to proceed through the sequential engagement of Fc-receptors on the phagocyte with antibodies on the target surface, leading to the extension and closure of the phagocytic cup around the target. We find that two actin-dependent molecular motors, class 1 myosins myosin 1e and myosin 1f, are specifically localized to Fc-receptor adhesions and required for efficient phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. Using primary macrophages lacking both myosin 1e and myosin 1f, we find that without the actin-membrane linkage mediated by these myosins, the organization of individual adhesions is compromised, leading to excessive actin polymerization, slower adhesion turnover, and deficient phagocytic internalization. This work identifies a role for class 1 myosins in coordinated adhesion turnover during phagocytosis and supports a mechanism involving membrane-cytoskeletal crosstalk for phagocytic cup closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S Reilly
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
| | - Maria S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, 20147, VA, USA
| | - Mark S Mooseker
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06519, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06519, CT, USA
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, NY, USA.
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy.
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Kim TH, Ly C, Christodoulides A, Nowell CJ, Gunning PW, Sloan EK, Rowat AC. Stress hormone signaling through β-adrenergic receptors regulates macrophage mechanotype and function. FASEB J 2019; 33:3997-4006. [PMID: 30509116 PMCID: PMC6404566 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801429rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Critical functions of immune cells require them to rapidly change their shape and generate forces in response to cues from their surrounding environment. However, little is known about how soluble factors that may be present in the microenvironment modulate key aspects of cellular mechanobiology-such as immune cell deformability and force generation-to impact functions such as phagocytosis and migration. Here we show that signaling by soluble stress hormones through β-adrenoceptors (β-AR) reduces the deformability of macrophages; this is dependent on changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and is associated with functional changes in phagocytosis and migration. Pharmacologic interventions reveal that the impact of β-AR signaling on macrophage deformability is dependent on actin-related proteins 2/3, indicating that stress hormone signaling through β-AR shifts actin organization to favor branched structures rather than linear unbranched actin filaments. These findings show that through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, β-AR-mediated stress hormone signaling modulates macrophage mechanotype to impact functions that play a critical role in immune response.-Kim, T.-H., Ly, C., Christodoulides, A., Nowell, C. J., Gunning, P. W., Sloan, E. K., Rowat, A. C. Stress hormone signaling through β-adrenergic receptors regulates macrophage mechanotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chau Ly
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexei Christodoulides
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erica K. Sloan
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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44
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Wieland A, Ahmed R. Fc Receptors in Antimicrobial Protection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 423:119-150. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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45
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Higgs HN. A fruitful tree: developing the dendritic nucleation model of actin-based cell motility. Mol Biol Cell 2018. [PMCID: PMC6333179 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in cell biology concerns how cells move, and this has been the subject of intense research for decades. In the 1990s, a major leap forward was made in our understanding of cell motility, with the proposal of the dendritic nucleation model. This essay describes the events leading to the development of the model, including findings from many laboratories and scientific disciplines. The story is an excellent example of the scientific process in action, with the combination of multiple perspectives leading to robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry N. Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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46
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Stobernack T, du Teil Espina M, Mulder LM, Palma Medina LM, Piebenga DR, Gabarrini G, Zhao X, Janssen KMJ, Hulzebos J, Brouwer E, Sura T, Becher D, van Winkelhoff AJ, Götz F, Otto A, Westra J, van Dijl JM. A Secreted Bacterial Peptidylarginine Deiminase Can Neutralize Human Innate Immune Defenses. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01704-18. [PMID: 30377277 PMCID: PMC6212822 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01704-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The keystone oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with severe periodontitis. Intriguingly, this bacterium is known to secrete large amounts of an enzyme that converts peptidylarginine into citrulline residues. The present study was aimed at identifying possible functions of this citrullinating enzyme, named Porphyromonas peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), in the periodontal environment. The results show that PPAD is detectable in the gingiva of patients with periodontitis, and that it literally neutralizes human innate immune defenses at three distinct levels, namely bacterial phagocytosis, capture in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and killing by the lysozyme-derived cationic antimicrobial peptide LP9. As shown by mass spectrometry, exposure of neutrophils to PPAD-proficient bacteria reduces the levels of neutrophil proteins involved in phagocytosis and the bactericidal histone H2. Further, PPAD is shown to citrullinate the histone H3, thereby facilitating the bacterial escape from NETs. Last, PPAD is shown to citrullinate LP9, thereby restricting its antimicrobial activity. The importance of PPAD for immune evasion is corroborated in the infection model Galleria mellonella, which only possesses an innate immune system. Together, the present observations show that PPAD-catalyzed protein citrullination defuses innate immune responses in the oral cavity, and that the citrullinating enzyme of P. gingivalis represents a new type of bacterial immune evasion factor.IMPORTANCE Bacterial pathogens do not only succeed in breaking the barriers that protect humans from infection, but they also manage to evade insults from the human immune system. The importance of the present study resides in the fact that protein citrullination is shown to represent a new bacterial mechanism for immune evasion. In particular, the oral pathogen P. gingivalis employs this mechanism to defuse innate immune responses by secreting a protein-citrullinating enzyme. Of note, this finding impacts not only the global health problem of periodontitis, but it also extends to the prevalent autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, which has been strongly associated with periodontitis, PPAD activity, and loss of tolerance against citrullinated proteins, such as the histone H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stobernack
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marines du Teil Espina
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne M Mulder
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M Palma Medina
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dillon R Piebenga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Periodontology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen M J Janssen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jarnick Hulzebos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Sura
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Periodontology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Galuppo MK, de Rezende E, Forti FL, Cortez M, Cruz MC, Teixeira AA, Giordano RJ, Stolf BS. CD100/Sema4D Increases Macrophage Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in a CD72 Dependent Manner. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1177. [PMID: 29922261 PMCID: PMC5996280 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by trypanosomatid protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which infect preferentially macrophages. The disease affects 12 million people worldwide, who may present cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral forms. Several factors influence the form and severity of the disease, and the main ones are the Leishmania species and the host immune response. CD100 is a membrane bound protein that can also be shed. It was first identified in T lymphocytes and latter shown to be induced in macrophages by inflammatory stimuli. The soluble CD100 (sCD100) reduces migration and expression of inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and dendritic cells, as well as the intake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by human macrophages. Considering the importance of macrophages in Leishmania infection and the potential role of sCD100 in the modulation of macrophage phagocytosis and activation, we analyzed the expression and distribution of CD100 in murine macrophages and the effects of sCD100 on macrophage infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Here we show that CD100 expression in murine macrophages increases after infection with Leishmania. sCD100 augments infection and phagocytosis of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes by macrophages, an effect dependent on macrophage CD72 receptor. Besides, sCD100 enhances phagocytosis of zymosan particles and infection by Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana K Galuppo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloiza de Rezende
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Cortez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario C Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre A Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Giordano
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Stolf
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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GWAS analysis using interspecific backcross progenies reveals superior blue catfish alleles responsible for strong resistance against enteric septicemia of catfish. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1107-1120. [PMID: 29737402 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose significant threats to the catfish industry. Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri is the most devastating disease for catfish aquaculture, causing huge economic losses annually. Channel catfish and blue catfish exhibit great contrast in resistance against ESC, with channel catfish being highly susceptible and blue catfish being highly resistant. As such, the interspecific backcross progenies provide an ideal system for the identification of quantitative trait locus (QTL). We previously reported one significant QTL on linkage group (LG) 1 using the third-generation backcrosses, but the number of founders used to make the second- and third-generation backcross progenies was very small. Although the third-generation backcross progenies provided a greater power for fine mapping than the first-generation backcrosses, some major QTL for disease resistance may have been missing due to the small numbers of founders used to produce the higher generation backcrosses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study using first-generation backcrosses with the catfish 690 K SNP arrays to identify additional ESC disease resistance QTL, especially those at the species level. Two genomic regions on LG1 and LG23 were determined to be significantly associated with ESC resistance as revealed by a mixed linear model and family-based association test. Examination of the resistance alleles indicated their origin from blue catfish, indicating that at least two major disease resistance loci exist among blue catfish populations. Upon further validation, markers linked with major ESC disease resistance QTL should be useful for marker-assisted introgression, allowing development of highly ESC resistant breeds of catfish.
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Baranov MV, Revelo NH, Verboogen DRJ, Ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. SWAP70 is a universal GEF-like adaptor for tethering actin to phagosomes. Small GTPases 2018; 10:311-323. [PMID: 28489960 PMCID: PMC6548301 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1328302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a key role for SWAP70 as the tethering factor stabilizing F-actin filaments on the surface of phagosomes in human dendritic cells by interacting both with Rho-family GTPases and the lipid phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this role of SWAP70 was general among immune phagocytes. Our data reveal that SWAP70 is recruited to early phagosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells from both human and mouse. The putative inhibitor of SWAP70 sanguinarine blocked phagocytosis and F-actin polymerization, supporting a key role for SWAP70 in phagocytosis as demonstrated previously with knock-down. Moreover, SWAP70 was recently shown to sequester the F-actin severing protein cofilin and we investigated this relationship in phagocytosis. Our data show an increased activation of cellular cofilin upon siRNA knockdown of SWAP70. Finally, we explored whether SWAP70 would be recruited to the immune synapse between dendritic cells and T cells required for antigen presentation, as the formation of such synapses depends on F-actin. However, we observed that SWAP70 was depleted at immune synapses and specifically was recruited to phagosomes. Our data support an essential and specific role for SWAP70 in tethering and stabilizing F-actin to the phagosomal surface in a wide range of phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Baranov
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle R J Verboogen
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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50
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Niedergang F, Grinstein S. How to build a phagosome: new concepts for an old process. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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