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Rossignol J, Ouedrani A, Livideanu CB, Barete S, Terriou L, Launay D, Lemal R, Greco C, Frenzel L, Meni C, Bodemere-Skandalis C, Polivka L, Collange AF, Hachichi H, Bouzourine S, Messaoud DN, Negretto M, Vendrame L, Jambou M, Gousseff M, Durupt S, Lega JC, Durand JM, Gaudy C, Damaj G, Gourin MP, Hamidou M, Bouillet L, Le Mouel E, Maria A, Zunic P, Cabrera Q, Vincent D, Lavigne C, Riviere E, Gourguechon C, Courbebaisse M, Lebeaux D, Parfait B, Friedlander G, Brignier A, Lhermitte L, Molina TJ, Bruneau J, Agopian J, Dubreuil P, Ranta D, Mania A, Arock M, Staropoli I, Tournilhac O, Lortholary O, Schwartz O, Chatenoud L, Hermine O. Effective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response in Patients With Clonal Mast Cell Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1356-1364.e2. [PMID: 35074600 PMCID: PMC8780123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are key players in innate immunity and the TH2 adaptive immune response. The latter counterbalances the TH1 response, which is critical for antiviral immunity. Clonal mast cell activation disorders (cMCADs, such as mastocytosis and clonal mast cell activation syndrome) are characterized by abnormal mast cell accumulation and/or activation. No data on the antiviral immune response in patients with MCADs have been published. OBJECTIVE To study a comprehensive range of outcomes in patients with cMCAD with PCR- or serologically confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 and to characterize the specific anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune response in this setting. METHODS Clinical follow-up and outcome data were collected prospectively over a 12-month period by members of the French Centre de Référence des Mastocytoses rare disease network. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell activity was measured with an ELISA, and humoral responses were evaluated by assaying circulating levels of specific IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS Overall, 32 patients with cMCAD were evaluated. None required noninvasive or mechanical ventilation. Two patients were admitted to hospital for oxygen and steroid therapy. The SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response was characterized in 21 of the 32 patients. Most had high counts of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific, IFN-γ-producing T cells and high titers of neutralizing antispike IgGs. The patients frequently showed spontaneous T-cell IFN-γ production in the absence of stimulation; this production was correlated with basal circulating tryptase levels (a marker of the mast cell burden). CONCLUSIONS Patients with cMCADs might not be at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019, perhaps due to their spontaneous production of IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rossignol
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Amani Ouedrani
- Paris University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, CNRS UMR 8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Bulai Livideanu
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Barete
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Department of Dermatology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Louis Terriou
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Richard Lemal
- Adult Clinical Hematology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, INSERM CIC501, EA 7453-Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Celine Greco
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Frenzel
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Meni
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bodemere-Skandalis
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laura Polivka
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Florence Collange
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hassiba Hachichi
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Bouzourine
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Djazira Nait Messaoud
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Negretto
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Vendrame
- Paris University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, CNRS UMR 8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marguerite Jambou
- Paris University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, CNRS UMR 8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie Gousseff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bretagne Atlantique Hospital, Vannes, France
| | - Stéphane Durupt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Care Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Care Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Durand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Gaudy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Gandhi Damaj
- Haematology Institute, Normandy University School of Medicine, Caen, France
| | | | - Mohamed Hamidou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- Clinical Immunology/Internal Medicine Department, National Reference Center for Angioedema, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Edwige Le Mouel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Maria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Zunic
- Department of Haematology, Sud Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Quentin Cabrera
- Department of Haematology, Sud Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Denis Vincent
- Department of Pneumology and Internal Medicine, Caremeau University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - Christian Lavigne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Etienne Riviere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Pessac, France
| | | | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Paris University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, CNRS UMR 8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Physiology-Functional Renal Explorations, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Service de Microbiologie, Unité Mobile d'Infectiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Paris University, Institut Cochin INSERM UMR1016, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Paris University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, CNRS UMR 8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne Brignier
- Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, Saint-Louis University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jo Molina
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France; Pathology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Julie Agopian
- CRCM, [Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanism of Oncogenesis, CEREMAST, AFIRMM], INSERM U1068, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, UM105, Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Dubreuil
- CRCM, [Signaling, Hematopoiesis and Mechanism of Oncogenesis, CEREMAST, AFIRMM], INSERM U1068, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, UM105, Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Dana Ranta
- Department of Haematology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Mania
- Adult Clinical Hematology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, INSERM CIC501, EA 7453-Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Haematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tournilhac
- Adult Clinical Hematology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, INSERM CIC501, EA 7453-Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Paris University, Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, CNRS UMR 8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- French Reference Center for Mastocytosis (CEREMAST), Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; Paris University, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France.
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Becker S, Reddehase MJ, Lemmermann NA. Mast Cells Meet Cytomegalovirus: A New Example of Protective Mast Cell Involvement in an Infectious Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091402. [PMID: 35563708 PMCID: PMC9101682 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) belong to the β-subfamily of herpesviruses. Their host-to-host transmission involves the airways. As primary infection of an immunocompetent host causes only mild feverish symptoms, human CMV (hCMV) is usually not considered in routine differential diagnostics of common airway infections. Medical relevance results from unrestricted tissue infection in an immunocompromised host. One risk group of concern are patients who receive hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for immune reconstitution following hematoablative therapy of hematopoietic malignancies. In HCT patients, interstitial pneumonia is a frequent cause of death from hCMV strains that have developed resistance against antiviral drugs. Prevention of CMV pneumonia requires efficient reconstitution of antiviral CD8 T cells that infiltrate lung tissue. A role for mast cells (MC) in the immune control of lung infection by a CMV was discovered only recently in a mouse model. MC were shown to be susceptible for productive infection and to secrete the chemokine CCL-5, which recruits antiviral CD8 T cells to the lungs and thereby improves the immune control of pulmonary infection. Here, we review recent data on the mechanism of MC-CMV interaction, a field of science that is new for CMV virologists as well as for immunologists who have specialized in MC.
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Ogawa Y, Kinoshita M, Kawamura T, Shimada S. Intracellular TLRs of Mast Cells in Innate and Acquired Immunity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 276:133-159. [PMID: 34505203 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) distribute to interface tissues with environment, such as skin, airway, and gut mucosa, thereby functioning as the sentinel against invading allergens and pathogens. To respond to and exclude these external substances promptly, MCs possess granules containing inflammatory mediators, including heparin, proteases, tumor necrosis factor, and histamine, and produce these mediators as a consequence of degranulation within minutes of activation. As a delayed response to external substances, MCs de novo synthesize inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, by sensing pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns through their pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A substantial number of studies have reported immune responses by MCs through surface TLR signaling, particularly TLR2 and TLR4. However, less attention has been paid to immune responses through nucleic acid-recognizing intracellular TLRs. Among intracellular TLRs, human and rodent MCs express TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, but not TLR8. Some virus infections modulate intracellular TLR expression in MCs. MC-derived mediators, such as histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes, LL-37, and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, have also been reported to modulate intracellular TLR expression in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. Synthetic ligands for intracellular TLRs and some viruses are sensed by intracellular TLRs of MCs, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including type I interferons. These MC responses initiate and facilitate innate responses and the subsequent recruitment of additional innate effector cells. MCs also associate with the regulation of adaptive immunity. In this overview, the expression of intracellular TLRs in MCs and the recognition of pathogens, including viruses, by intracellular TLRs in MCs were critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Mast Cells Modulate the Immune Response and Redox Status of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Induced Venom Pathogenesis. Inflammation 2021; 45:509-527. [PMID: 34608585 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Androctonus autralis hector (Aah) scorpion venom involved cellular and molecular mechanisms resulting in multi-organ dysfunction. However, little is reported about the effects of venom on the gastrointestinal axis. Mast cells (MCs) are known to play a crucial role in modulating immune response of the gut. This study aims to investigate the involvement of this cell type in venom-induced gastric and intestinal disorders in a time course (3 and 24h). The obtained results revealed that Aah scorpion venom induced inflammatory cell infiltration as shown by the increase of the myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase activities. Overexpression of the c-kit receptor (CD117) severely imbalanced the redox status with depletion of antioxidant systemic accompanied by gastrointestinal tissue damage. Moreover, an increased level of lactate dehydrogenase in the serum was correlated with tissue injuries. Pharmacological inhibition of MCs targeting tyrosine kinase (TK) reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species and normalizes catalase, and gluthation S-transferase activities to their physiological levels. In addition, histopathological alterations were restored after pretreatment with c-kit receptor inhibitor associated with a considerable reduction of MC density. Interestingly, obtained results indicate that MCs might be involved in gastric modulation and intestinal inflammation through c-kit signaling following sub-cutaneous Aah venom injection.
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Electrochemical Cell-Based Sensor for Detection of Food Hazards. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070837. [PMID: 34357247 PMCID: PMC8306248 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
People’s health has been threatened by several common food hazards. Thus, it is very important to establish rapid and accurate methods to detect food hazards. In recent years, biosensors have inspired developments because of their specificity and sensitivity, short reaction time, low cost, small size and easy operation. Owing to their high precision and non-destructive characteristics, cell-based electrochemical detection methods can reflect the damage of food hazards to organisms better. In this review, the characteristics of electrochemical cell-based biosensors and their applications in the detection of common hazards in food are reviewed. The strategies of cell immobilization and 3D culture on electrodes are discussed. The current limitations and further development prospects of cell-based electrochemical biosensors are also evaluated.
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Fang X, Li J, Hao X, Zhang W, Zhong J, Zhu T, Liao R. Exosomes From Packed Red Cells Induce Human Mast Cell Activation and the Production of Multiple Inflammatory Mediators. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677905. [PMID: 34025676 PMCID: PMC8135094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most blood transfusion-related adverse reactions involve the immunologic responses of recipients to exogenous blood components. Extracellular vesicles isolated from packed red cells can affect the recipient’s immune system. Mast cells are traditionally known as effector cells for allergic transfusion reactions. However, growing evidence supports the notion that activated mast cells might disturb host innate immunologic responses. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle. To determine the effect of exosomes on mast cells, we enriched exosomes derived from volunteer plasma (EXs-nor) and packed red cells (EXs-RBCs) using ultracentrifugation and incubated them with a human mast cell line (HMC-1). We found that EXs-RBC exposure increased the expression of tryptase-1 and prostaglandin D2, the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, and the levels of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) and phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in HMC-1 cells. MAPK inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, and SP600125) and a TLR-3/dsRNA complex inhibitor reduced the EXs-RBC-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in HMC-1 cells, whereas the TLR-3 agonist [poly (A:U)] elevated the production of these mediators. These results indicate that EXs-RBCs activate HMC-1 cells and elicit the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, partly via the TLR-3 and MAPK pathways. Mast cells activated by EXs-RBCs exhibit complex inflammatory properties and might play a potential role in transfusion-related adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuechao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Unit of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, China
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Zheng W, Xu Q, Zhang Y, E X, Gao W, Zhang M, Zhai W, Rajkumar RS, Liu Z. Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity against herpesviridae infection: a current perspective on viral infection signaling pathways. Virol J 2020; 17:192. [PMID: 33298111 PMCID: PMC7726878 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past decades, researchers have demonstrated the critical role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune system. They recognize viral components and trigger immune signal cascades to subsequently promote the activation of the immune system. Main body Herpesviridae family members trigger TLRs to elicit cytokines in the process of infection to activate antiviral innate immune responses in host cells. This review aims to clarify the role of TLRs in the innate immunity defense against herpesviridae, and systematically describes the processes of TLR actions and herpesviridae recognition as well as the signal transduction pathways involved. Conclusions Future studies of the interactions between TLRs and herpesviridae infections, especially the subsequent signaling pathways, will not only contribute to the planning of effective antiviral therapies but also provide new molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaofei E
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Mogen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Weijie Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | | | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Innate Immunity in Mast Cells: Translating Sensing of Changes into Specific Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112411. [PMID: 33158024 PMCID: PMC7693401 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) constitute an essential cell lineage that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses and whose phenotype and function are influenced by tissue-specific conditions. Their mechanisms of activation in type I hypersensitivity reactions have been the subject of multiple studies, but the signaling pathways behind their activation by innate immunity stimuli are not so well described. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the main molecular elements and signaling pathways connecting the innate immune receptors and hypoxic microenvironment to cytokine synthesis and the secretion of soluble or exosome-contained mediators in this cell type. When known, the positive and negative control mechanisms of those pathways are presented, together with their possible implications for the understanding of mast cell-driven chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the knowledge about signaling in this cell type in the recognition of MCs as central elements on innate immunity, whose remarkable plasticity converts them in sensors of micro-environmental discontinuities and controllers of tissue homeostasis.
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Schmiedeke JK, Hartmann AK, Ruckenbrod T, Stassen M, Reddehase MJ, Lemmermann NA. The Anti-apoptotic Murine Cytomegalovirus Protein vMIA-m38.5 Induces Mast Cell Degranulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:439. [PMID: 32984069 PMCID: PMC7477074 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) represent “inbetweeners” of the immune system in that they are part of innate immunity by acting as first-line sentinels for environmental antigens but also provide a link to adaptive immunity by secretion of chemokines that recruit CD8 T cells to organ sites of infection. An interrelationship between MC and cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been a blank area in science until recently when the murine model revealed a role for MC in the resolution of pulmonary infection by murine CMV (mCMV). As to the mechanism, MC were identified as a target cell type of mCMV. Infected MC degranulate and synthesize the CC-chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5), which is released to attract protective virus-specific CD8 T cells to infected host tissue for confining and eventually resolving the productive, cytopathogenic infection. In a step forward in our understanding of how mCMV infection of MC triggers their degranulation, we document here a critical role for the mCMV m38.5 gene product, a mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA). We show an involvement of mCMV vMIA-m38.5 in MC degranulation by two reciprocal approaches: first, by enhanced degranulation after m38.5 gene transfection of bone marrow-derived cell culture-grown MC (BMMC) and, second, by reduced degranulation of MC in peritoneal exudate cell populations infected ex corpore or in corpore with mutant virus mCMV-Δm38.5. These studies thus reveal a so far unknown function of mCMV vMIA-m38.5 and offer a previously unconsidered but biologically relevant cell system for further analyzing functional analogies between vMIAs of different CMV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Schmiedeke
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Teresa Ruckenbrod
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Stassen
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias J Reddehase
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niels A Lemmermann
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Protective and pathogenic roles for mast cells during viral infections. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 66:74-81. [PMID: 32563779 PMCID: PMC7301783 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At the host-environment interfaces such as skin or mucosae mast cells act as immune sentinels for variety of pathogens including viruses. Mast cells initiate cellular immune responses at the infection site by recruitment of various subsets of T cells. Systemic activation of mast cells is associated with vascular pathologies during viral infections. Targeting of mast cell specific products has a promising therapeutic potential in treating virus induced immune pathologies.
Mast cells (MCs) are long-lived immune cells. They are armed with preformed mediators within granules that can be instantaneously released in response to an invading pathogen, including certain viruses. At the skin and mucosae, they initiate innate immune responses and promote the development of adaptive immune responses, through cellular recruitment or antigen presentation. However, systemic MC activation may promote immune pathologies through their vasoactive proteases and biogenic amines. Recently, MC products were identified to contribute to pathologies associated with viral hemorrhagic fever, such vascular leakage and thrombocytopenia. Similar associations of MCs with disease severity have been noted for certain respiratory viral pathogens. Here we discuss the specific MC responses to viruses and their influences on functional immune outcomes during infection.
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11
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HIV gp120 Induces the Release of Proinflammatory, Angiogenic, and Lymphangiogenic Factors from Human Lung Mast Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020208. [PMID: 32375243 PMCID: PMC7349869 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lung mast cells (HLMCs) express the high-affinity receptor FcεRI for IgE and are involved in chronic pulmonary diseases occurring at high frequency among HIV-infected individuals. Immunoglobulin superantigens bind to the variable regions of either the heavy or light chain of immunoglobulins (Igs). Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) of HIV-1 is a typical immunoglobulin superantigen interacting with the heavy chain, variable 3 (VH3) region of human Igs. The present study investigated whether immunoglobulin superantigen gp120 caused the release of different classes of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory mediators from HLMCs. The results show that gp120 from different clades induced the rapid (30 min) release of preformed mediators (histamine and tryptase) from HLMCs. gp120 also caused the de novo synthesis of cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) from HLMCs. Incubation (6 h) of HLMC with gp120 induced the release of angiogenic (VEGF-A) and lymphangiogenic (VEGF-C) factors from HLMCs. The activating property of gp120 was mediated through the interaction with IgE VH3+ bound to FcεRI. Our data indicate that HIV gp120 is a viral superantigen, which induces the release of different proinflammatory, angiogenic, and lymphangiogenic factors from HLMCs. These observations could contribute to understanding, at least in part, the pathophysiology of chronic pulmonary diseases in HIV-infected individuals.
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12
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The Response of Tissue Mast Cells to TLR3 Ligand Poly(I:C) Treatment. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2140694. [PMID: 32185237 PMCID: PMC7060451 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2140694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are found mainly at the anatomical sites exposed to the external environment; thus, they are localized close to blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and a multitude of immune cells. Moreover, those cells can recognize invading pathogens through a range of surface molecules known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), mainly Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MCs are extensively engaged in the control and clearance of bacterial infections, but much less is known about their contribution to antiviral host response as well as pathomechanisms of virus-induced diseases. In the study, we employed in vivo differentiated mature tissue mast cells freshly isolated from rat peritoneal cavity. Here, we demonstrated that rat peritoneal mast cells (rPMCs) express viral dsRNA-specific TLR3 molecule (intracellularly and on the cell surface) as well as other proteins associated with cellular antiviral response: IRF3, type I and II IFN receptors, and MHC I. We found that exposure of rPMCs to viral dsRNA mimic, i.e., poly(I:C), induced transient upregulation of surface TLR3 (while temporarily decreased TLR3 intracellular expression), type II IFN receptor, and MHC I. TLR3 ligand-stimulated rPMCs did not degranulate but generated and/or released type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFNβ) as well as proinflammatory lipid mediators (cysLTs), cytokines (TNF, IL-1β), and chemokines (CCL3, CXCL8). We documented that rPMC priming with poly(I:C) did not affect FcεRI-dependent degranulation. However, their costimulation with TLR3 agonist and anti-IgE led to a significant increase in cysLT and TNF secretion. Our findings confirm that MCs may serve as active participants in the antiviral immune response. Presented data on modulated FcεRI-mediated MC secretion of mediators upon poly(I:C) treatment suggests that dsRNA-type virus infection could influence the severity of allergic reactions.
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Challenges and Clinical Implications of the Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Lung Infection in Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2019; 21:24. [PMID: 31147863 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-019-0681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a potential lethal disease in children, but it remains a diagnostic challenge. The differentiation between latent CMV infections with viral shedding and active infections is difficult and may lead to false positives in bronchoalvolar lavage (BAL) PCR detection. This review summarizes current diagnostic approaches for CMV lung infection in children including progress in the identification of underlying immune defects linked to this condition. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing literature supporting that the combined assessment of host risk factors and lung disease pattern is essential for the diagnosis of pulmonary CMV infection in children. The most important host risk factor is an immunecompromised state that has expanded from primary or acquired immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV) to include a myriad of immune-dysregulation syndromes (e.g., CTLA4, PIK3 defects). Newborns, paricularly those born premature, are also a high-risk group. At the pulmonary level, active CMV infection is typically characterized by alveolar compromise leading to hypoxemia, ground-glass opacities, and intra-alveolar infiltrates with CMV inclusions in lung biopsy. The identification of active CMV lung infection should trigger additional evaluation of immune defects (primary or secondary) impairing T and NK cell function or innate antiviral responses as well as other immune dysregulation disorders. Lung CMV infections in children are more prevalent in immunocompromised hosts and premature newborns. Lung CMV infections should prompt further investigation into conditions altering immune mechanisms usually in place to contain CMV infections. Common clinical and radiological patterns such as hypoxemia and ground-glass pulmonary opacities may allow early identification and treatment of CMV lung infection and underlying causes in the pediatric population.
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Picarda G, Benedict CA. Cytomegalovirus: Shape-Shifting the Immune System. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 200:3881-3889. [PMID: 29866770 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Systems-based based approaches have begun to shed light on extrinsic factors that contribute to immune system variation. Among these, CMV (HHV-5, a β-herpesvirus) imposes a surprisingly profound impact. Most of the world's population is CMV+, and the virus goes through three distinct infection phases en route to establishing lifelong détente with its host. Immune control of CMV in each phase recruits unique arms of host defense, and in turn the virus employs multiple immune-modulatory strategies that help facilitate the establishment of lifelong persistence. In this review, we explain how CMV shapes immunity and discuss the impact it may have on overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Picarda
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Chris A Benedict
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; and .,Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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15
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Stassen M, Hartmann AK, Delgado SJ, Dehmel S, Braun A. Mast cells within cellular networks. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S46-S54. [PMID: 30731122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are highly versatile in terms of their mode of activation by a host of stimuli and their ability to flexibly release a plethora of biologically highly active mediators. Within the immune system, mast cells can best be designated as an active nexus interlinking innate and adaptive immunity. Here we try to draw an arc from initiation of acute inflammatory reactions to microbial pathogens to development of adaptive immunity and allergies. This multifaceted nature of mast cells is made possible by interaction with multiple cell types of immunologic and nonimmunologic origin. Examples for the former include neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells, and professional antigen-presenting cells. These interactions allow mast cells to orchestrate inflammatory innate reactions and complex adaptive immunity, including the pathogenesis of allergies. Important partners of nonimmunologic origin include cells of the sensory neuronal system. The intimate association between mast cells and sensory nerve fibers allows bidirectional communication, leading to neurogenic inflammation. Evidence is accumulating that this mast cell/nerve crosstalk is of pathophysiologic relevance in patients with allergic diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stassen
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sharon Jiménez Delgado
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Mast cells as protectors of health. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 144:S4-S18. [PMID: 30468774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), which are well known for their effector functions in TH2-skewed allergic and also autoimmune inflammation, have become increasingly acknowledged for their role in protection of health. It is now clear that they are also key modulators of immune responses at interface organs, such as the skin or gut. MCs can prime tissues for adequate inflammatory responses and cooperate with dendritic cells in T-cell activation. They also regulate harmful immune responses in trauma and help to successfully orchestrate pregnancy. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of MCs on tissue homeostasis and elimination of toxins or venoms. MCs can enhance pathogen clearance in many bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, such as through Toll-like receptor 2-triggered degranulation, secretion of antimicrobial cathelicidins, neutrophil recruitment, or provision of extracellular DNA traps. The role of MCs in tumors is more ambiguous; however, encouraging new findings show they can change the tumor microenvironment toward antitumor immunity when adequately triggered. Uterine tissue remodeling by α-chymase (mast cell protease [MCP] 5) is crucial for successful embryo implantation. MCP-4 and the tryptase MCP-6 emerge to be protective in central nervous system trauma by reducing inflammatory damage and excessive scar formation, thereby protecting axon growth. Last but not least, proteases, such as carboxypeptidase A, released by FcεRI-activated MCs detoxify an increasing number of venoms and endogenous toxins. A better understanding of the plasticity of MCs will help improve these advantageous effects and hint at ways to cut down detrimental MC actions.
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17
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Ayers LW, Barbachano-Guerrero A, McAllister SC, Ritchie JA, Asiago-Reddy E, Bartlett LC, Cesarman E, Wang D, Rochford R, Martin JN, King CA. Mast Cell Activation and KSHV Infection in Kaposi Sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5085-5097. [PMID: 30084838 PMCID: PMC6191350 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor initiated by infection of endothelial cells (ECs) with KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is dependent on sustained proinflammatory signals provided by intralesional leukocytes and continued infection of new ECs. However, the sources of these cytokines and infectious virus within lesions are not fully understood. Here, mast cells (MCs) are identified as proinflammatory cells within KS lesions that are permissive for, and activated by, infection with KSHV.Experimental Design: Three validated MC lines were used to assess permissivity of MCs to infection with KSHV and to evaluate MCs activation following infection. Biopsies from 31 AIDS-KS cases and 11 AIDS controls were evaluated by IHC for the presence of MCs in KS lesions and assessment of MC activation state and infection with KSHV. Plasma samples from 26 AIDS-KS, 13 classic KS, and 13 healthy adults were evaluated for levels of MC granule contents tryptase and histamine.Results: In culture, MCs supported latent and lytic KSHV infection, and infection-induced MC degranulation. Within KS lesions, MCs were closely associated with spindle cells. Furthermore, MC activation was extensive within patients with KS, reflected by elevated circulating levels of tryptase and a histamine metabolite. One patient with clinical signs of extensive MC activation was treated with antagonists of MC proinflammatory mediators, which resulted in a rapid and durable regression of AIDS-KS lesions.Conclusions: Using complimentary in vitro and in vivo studies we identify MCs as a potential long-lived reservoir for KSHV and a source of proinflammatory mediators within the KS lesional microenvironment. In addition, we identify MC antagonists as a promising novel therapeutic approach for KS. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5085-97. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Shane C McAllister
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie A Ritchie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Linda C Bartlett
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jeffrey N Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christine A King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
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18
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Redegeld FA, Yu Y, Kumari S, Charles N, Blank U. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:87-113. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Charles
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
- Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence; Paris France
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19
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Lemmermann NAW, Reddehase MJ. TLR3-independent activation of mast cells by cytomegalovirus contributes to control of pulmonary infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:479-481. [PMID: 28479599 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niels A W Lemmermann
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias J Reddehase
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Meng D, Huo C, Wang M, Xiao J, Liu B, Wei T, Dong H, Zhang G, Hu Y, Sun L. Influenza A Viruses Replicate Productively in Mouse Mastocytoma Cells (P815) and Trigger Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production through TLR3 Signaling Pathway. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2130. [PMID: 28127293 PMCID: PMC5226950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause acute respiratory infection in both humans and animals. As a member of the initial lines of host defense system, the role of mast cells during IAV infection has been poorly understood. Here, we characterized for the first time that both avian-like (α-2, 3-linked) and human-like (α-2, 6- linked) sialic acid (SA) receptors were expressed by the mouse mastocytoma cell line (P815). The P815 cells did support the productive replication of H1N1 (A/WSN/33), H5N1 (A/chicken/ Henan/1/04) and H7N2 (A/chicken/Hebei/2/02) in vitro while the in vivo infection of H5N1 in mast cells was confirmed by the specific staining of nasal mucosa and lung tissue from mice. All the three viruses triggered the infected P815 cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL-2, CCL-5, and IP-10, but not the antiviral type I interferon. It was further confirmed that TLR3 pathway was involved in P815 cell response to IAV-infection. Our findings highlight the remarkable tropism and infectivity of IAV to P815 cells, indicating that mast cells may be unneglectable player in the development of IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., LtdBeijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., LtdBeijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Tangting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
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21
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Reddehase MJ. Mutual Interference between Cytomegalovirus and Reconstitution of Protective Immunity after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:294. [PMID: 27540380 PMCID: PMC4972816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a therapy option for aggressive forms of hematopoietic malignancies that are resistant to standard antitumoral therapies. Hematoablative treatment preceding HCT, however, opens a “window of opportunity” for latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) by releasing it from immune control with the consequence of reactivation of productive viral gene expression and recurrence of infectious virus. A “window of opportunity” for the virus represents a “window of risk” for the patient. In the interim between HCT and reconstitution of antiviral immunity, primarily mediated by CD8+ T cells, initially low amounts of reactivated virus can expand exponentially, disseminate to essentially all organs, and cause multiple organ CMV disease, with interstitial pneumonia (CMV-IP) representing the most severe clinical manifestation. Here, I will review predictions originally made in the mouse model of experimental HCT and murine CMV infection, some of which have already paved the way to translational preclinical research and promising clinical trials of a preemptive cytoimmunotherapy of human CMV disease. Specifically, the mouse model has been pivotal in providing “proof of concept” for preventing CMV disease after HCT by adoptive transfer of preselected, virus epitope-specific effector and memory CD8+ T cells bridging the critical interim. However, CMV is not a “passive antigen” but is a pathogen that actively interferes with the reconstitution of protective immunity by infecting bone marrow (BM) stromal cells that otherwise form niches for hematopoiesis by providing the structural microenvironment and by producing hematopoietically active cytokines, the hemopoietins. Depending on the precise conditions of HCT, reduced homing of transplanted hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells to infected BM stroma and impaired colony growth and lineage differentiation can lead to “graft failure.” In consequence, uncontrolled virus spread causes morbidity and mortality. In the race between viral BM pathology and reconstitution of antiviral immunity following HCT, exogenous reconstitution of virus-specific CD8+ T cells by adoptive cell transfer as an interventional strategy can turn the balance toward control of CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Reddehase
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Institute for Virology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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22
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Mast cells in gastrointestinal disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Human Mucosal Mast Cells Capture HIV-1 and Mediate Viral trans-Infection of CD4+ T Cells. J Virol 2015; 90:2928-37. [PMID: 26719250 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03008-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The gastrointestinal mucosa is the primary site where human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) invades, amplifies, and becomes persistently established, and cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 plays a pivotal role in mucosal viral dissemination. Mast cells are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and are early targets for invasive pathogens, and they have been shown to have increased density in the genital mucosa in HIV-infected women. Intestinal mast cells express numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and have been shown to combat various viral, parasitic, and bacterial infections. However, the role of mast cells in HIV-1 infection is poorly defined. In this study, we investigated their potential contributions to HIV-1 transmission. Mast cells isolated from gut mucosal tissues were found to express a variety of HIV-1 attachment factors (HAFs), such as DC-SIGN, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), and α4β7 integrin, which mediate capture of HIV-1 on the cell surface. Intriguingly, following coculture with CD4(+) T cells, mast cell surface-bound viruses were efficiently transferred to target T cells. Prior blocking with anti-HAF antibody or mannan before coculture impaired viral trans-infection. Cell-cell conjunctions formed between mast cells and T cells, to which viral particles were recruited, and these were required for efficient cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission. Our results reveal a potential function of gut mucosal mast cells in HIV-1 dissemination in tissues. Strategies aimed at preventing viral capture and transfer mediated by mast cells could be beneficial in combating primary HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE In this study, we demonstrate the role of human mast cells isolated from mucosal tissues in mediating HIV-1 trans-infection of CD4(+) T cells. This finding facilitates our understanding of HIV-1 mucosal infection and will benefit the development of strategies to combat primary HIV-1 dissemination.
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Bulfone-Paus S, Bahri R. Mast Cells as Regulators of T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2015; 6:394. [PMID: 26300882 PMCID: PMC4528181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are recognized to participate in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Owing to their strategic location at the host–environment interface, they control tissue homeostasis and are key cells for starting early host defense against intruders. Upon degranulation induced, e.g., by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allergen-mediated engagement of the high-affinity IgE receptor, complement or certain neuropeptide receptors, MCs release a wide variety of preformed and newly synthesized products including proteases, lipid mediators, and many cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests a regulatory role for MCs in inflammatory diseases via the regulation of T cell activities. Furthermore, rather than only serving as effector cells, MCs are now recognized to induce T cell activation, recruitment, proliferation, and cytokine secretion in an antigen-dependent manner and to impact on regulatory T cells. This review synthesizes recent developments in MC–T cell interactions, discusses their biological and clinical relevance, and explores recent controversies in this field of MC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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Brinkmann MM, Dağ F, Hengel H, Messerle M, Kalinke U, Čičin-Šain L. Cytomegalovirus immune evasion of myeloid lineage cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 204:367-82. [PMID: 25776081 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) evades the immune system in many different ways, allowing the virus to grow and its progeny to spread in the face of an adverse environment. Mounting evidence about the antiviral role of myeloid immune cells has prompted the research of CMV immune evasion mechanisms targeting these cells. Several cells of the myeloid lineage, such as monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages, play a role in viral control, but are also permissive for CMV and are naturally infected by it. Therefore, CMV evasion of myeloid cells involves mechanisms that qualitatively differ from the evasion of non-CMV-permissive immune cells of the lymphoid lineage. The evasion of myeloid cells includes effects in cis, where the virus modulates the immune signaling pathways within the infected myeloid cell, and those in trans, where the virus affects somatic cells targeted by cytokines released from myeloid cells. This review presents an overview of CMV strategies to modulate and evade the antiviral activity of myeloid cells in cis and in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Brinkmann
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
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Jonjic S. CMV immunology. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 12:125-7. [PMID: 25578312 PMCID: PMC4654291 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Non-redundant and redundant roles of cytomegalovirus gH/gL complexes in host organ entry and intra-tissue spread. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004640. [PMID: 25659098 PMCID: PMC4450070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses form different gH/gL virion envelope glycoprotein complexes that serve as entry complexes for mediating viral cell-type tropism in vitro; their roles in vivo, however, remained speculative and can be addressed experimentally only in animal models. For murine cytomegalovirus two alternative gH/gL complexes, gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/MCK-2, have been identified. A limitation of studies on viral tropism in vivo has been the difficulty in distinguishing between infection initiation by viral entry into first-hit target cells and subsequent cell-to-cell spread within tissues. As a new strategy to dissect these two events, we used a gO-transcomplemented ΔgO mutant for providing the gH/gL/gO complex selectively for the initial entry step, while progeny virions lack gO in subsequent rounds of infection. Whereas gH/gL/gO proved to be critical for establishing infection by efficient entry into diverse cell types, including liver macrophages, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes, it was dispensable for intra-tissue spread. Notably, the salivary glands, the source of virus for host-to-host transmission, represent an exception in that entry into virus-producing cells did not strictly depend on either the gH/gL/gO or the gH/gL/MCK-2 complex. Only if both complexes were absent in gO and MCK-2 double-knockout virus, in vivo infection was abolished at all sites.
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Podlech J, Ebert S, Becker M, Reddehase MJ, Stassen M, Lemmermann NAW. Mast cells: innate attractors recruiting protective CD8 T cells to sites of cytomegalovirus infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 204:327-34. [PMID: 25648117 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the transient immunocompromised state after hematoablative treatment is a major concern in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a therapy of hematopoietic malignancies. Timely reconstitution of antiviral CD8 T cells and their efficient recruitment to the lungs is crucial for preventing interstitial pneumonia, the most severe disease manifestation of CMV in HCT recipients. Here, we review recent work in a murine model, implicating mast cells (MC) in the control of pulmonary infection. Murine CMV (mCMV) productively infects MC in vivo and triggers their degranulation, resulting in the release of the CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) that attracts CD8 T cells to infiltrate infected tissues. Comparing infection of MC-sufficient C57BL/6 mice and congenic MC-deficient Kit (W-sh/W-sh) "sash" mutants revealed an inverse relation between the number of lung-infiltrating CD8 T cells and viral burden in the lungs. Specifically, reduced lung infiltration by CD8 T cells in "sash" mutants was associated with an impaired infection control. The causal, though indirect, involvement of MC in antiviral control was confirmed by reversion of the deficiency phenotype in "sash" mutants reconstituted with MC. These recent findings predict that efficient MC reconstitution facilitates the control of CMV infection also in immunocompromised HCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Podlech
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Hochhaus am Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Delayed inflammatory and cell death responses are associated with reduced pathogenicity in Lujo virus-infected cynomolgus macaques. J Virol 2014; 89:2543-52. [PMID: 25520505 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02246-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To identify host factors associated with arenavirus virulence, we used a cynomolgus macaque model to evaluate the pathogenesis of Lujo virus (LUJV), a recently emerged arenavirus that caused an outbreak of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in southern Africa. In contrast to human cases, LUJV caused mild, nonlethal illness in macaques. We then compared this to contrasting clinical outcomes during arenavirus infection, specifically to samples obtained from macaques infected with three highly pathogenic lines of Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF). We assessed gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and determined genes that significantly changed expression relative to that in uninfected animals over the course of infection. We detected a 72-h delay in the induction of host responses to infection during LUJV infection compared to that of the animals infected with LASV. This included genes associated with inflammatory and antiviral responses and was particularly apparent among groups of genes promoting cell death. We also observed early differential expression of a subset of genes specific to LUJV infection that accounts for the delayed inflammatory response. Cell type enrichment analysis suggested that host response induction delay and an LUJV-specific profile are due to a different proportion of natural killer cells responding in LUJV infection than that in the LASV-infected animals. Together, these data indicate that delayed proinflammatory and proapoptotic host responses to arenavirus infection could ameliorate disease severity. This conclusion provides insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of arenaviral hemorrhagic fever and suggests potential strategies for therapeutic development. IMPORTANCE Old World arenaviruses are significant human pathogens that often are associated with high mortality. However, mechanisms underlying disease severity and virulence in arenavirus hemorrhagic fever are largely unknown, particularly regarding host responses that contribute to pathogenicity. This study describes a comparison between Lujo and Lassa virus infection in cynomolgus macaques. Lujo virus-infected macaques developed only mild illness, while Lassa virus-infected macaques developed severe illness consistent with Lassa fever. We determined that mild disease is associated with a delay in host expression of genes linked to virulence, such as those causing inflammation and cell death, and with distinct cell types that may mediate this delay. This is the first study to associate the timing and directionality of gene expression with arenaviral pathogenicity and disease outcome and evokes new potential approaches for developing effective therapeutics for treating these deadly emerging pathogens.
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