1
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Kocikowski M, Dziubek K, Węgrzyn K, Hrabal V, Zavadil-Kokas F, Vojtesek B, Alfaro JA, Hupp T, Parys M. Comparative characterization of two monoclonal antibodies targeting canine PD-1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382576. [PMID: 38779661 PMCID: PMC11110041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints have revolutionized oncology. Yet, the effectiveness of these treatments varies significantly among patients, and they are associated with unexpected adverse events, including hyperprogression. The murine research model used in drug development fails to recapitulate both the functional human immune system and the population heterogeneity. Hence, a novel model is urgently needed to study the consequences of immune checkpoint blockade. Dogs appear to be uniquely suited for this role. Approximately 1 in 4 companion dogs dies from cancer, yet no antibodies are commercially available for use in veterinary oncology. Here we characterize two novel antibodies that bind canine PD-1 with sub-nanomolar affinity as measured by SPR. Both antibodies block the clinically crucial PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in a competitive ELISA assay. Additionally, the antibodies were tested with a broad range of assays including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The antibodies appear to bind two distinct epitopes as predicted by molecular modeling and peptide phage display. Our study provides new tools for canine oncology research and a potential veterinary therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Kocikowski
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Vaclav Hrabal
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Zavadil-Kokas
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Javier Antonio Alfaro
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ted Hupp
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Parys
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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2
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Sun J, Zhang X, Xue L, Cheng L, Zhang J, Chen X, Shen Z, Li K, Wang L, Huang C, Song J. Structural insights into the unique pH-responsive characteristics of the anti-TIGIT therapeutic antibody Ociperlimab. Structure 2024; 32:550-561.e5. [PMID: 38460520 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
TIGIT is mainly expressed on T cells and is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor that binds to its ligand PVR in the tumor microenvironment. Anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as Ociperlimab and Tiragolumab block the TIGIT-PVR interaction and are in clinical development. However, the molecular blockade mechanism of these mAbs remains elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of TIGIT in complex with Ociperlimab_Fab and Tiragolumab_Fab revealing that both mAbs bind TIGIT with a large steric clash with PVR. Furthermore, several critical epitopic residues are identified. Interestingly, the binding affinity of Ociperlimab toward TIGIT increases approximately 17-fold when lowering the pH from 7.4 to 6.0. Our structure shows a strong electrostatic interaction between ASP103HCDR3 and HIS76TIGIT explaining the pH-responsive mechanism of Ociperlimab. In contrast, Tiragolumab does not show an acidic pH-dependent binding enhancement. Our results provide valuable information that could help to improve the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies for cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Protein Binding
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Binding Sites
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Xue
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Translational Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Shen
- Department of Translational Science, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Chichi Huang
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
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3
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Roskoski R. Combination immune checkpoint and targeted protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of renal cell carcinomas. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107181. [PMID: 38614375 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Kidney cancers comprise about 3% of all new malignancies in the United States. Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are the most common type of renal malignancy making up about 85% of kidney cancer cases. Signs and symptoms of renal cell carcinomas can result from local tumor growth, paraneoplastic syndromes, or distant metastases. The classic triad of presentation with flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable abdominal mass occurs in fewer than 10% of patients. Most diagnoses result from incidental imaging findings (ultrasonography or abdominal CT imaging) performed for another reason. Localized disease is treated by partial nephrectomy, total nephrectomy, or ablation (tumor destruction with heat or cold). When the tumors have metastasized, systemic therapy with protein-tyrosine kinase antagonists including sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and tivozanib that target vascular endothelial, platelet-derived, fibroblast, hepatocyte, and stem cell factor growth factor receptors (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, MET, and Kit) were prescribed after 2005. The monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab (targeting programed cell death protein 1, PD1) was approved for the treatment of RCCs in 2015. It is usually used now in combination with ipilimumab (targeting CTLA-4) or cabozantinib (a multikinase blocker). Other combination therapies include pembrolizumab (targeting PD1) and axitinib (a VEGFR and PDGFR blocker) or lenvatinib (a multikinase inhibitor). Since the KEYNOTE-426 clinical trial, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors is now the standard of care for most patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomas and monotherapies are used only in those individuals who cannot receive or tolerate immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791, United States.
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4
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Bauer M, Schöbel CM, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B, Jasinski-Bergner S. Deciphering the role of alternative splicing in neoplastic diseases for immune-oncological therapies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386993. [PMID: 38736877 PMCID: PMC11082354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important molecular biological mechanism regulated by complex mechanisms involving a plethora of cis and trans-acting elements. Furthermore, AS is tissue specific and altered in various pathologies, including infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Recently developed immuno-oncological therapies include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting, among others, immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules. Despite therapeutic successes have been demonstrated, only a limited number of patients showed long-term benefit from these therapies with tumor entity-related differential response rates were observed. Interestingly, splice variants of common immunotherapeutic targets generated by AS are able to completely escape and/or reduce the efficacy of mAb- and/or CAR-based tumor immunotherapies. Therefore, the analyses of splicing patterns of targeted molecules in tumor specimens prior to therapy might help correct stratification, thereby increasing therapy success by antibody panel selection and antibody dosages. In addition, the expression of certain splicing factors has been linked with the patients' outcome, thereby highlighting their putative prognostic potential. Outstanding questions are addressed to translate the findings into clinical application. This review article provides an overview of the role of AS in (tumor) diseases, its molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance, and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chiara-Maria Schöbel
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB), Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB), Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Department of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Development & Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) Design, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute for Translational Immunology, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB), Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
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5
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Javed SA, Najmi A, Ahsan W, Zoghebi K. Targeting PD-1/PD-L-1 immune checkpoint inhibition for cancer immunotherapy: success and challenges. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383456. [PMID: 38660299 PMCID: PMC11039846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) acts as a T-cell brake, and its interaction with ligand-1 (PD-L-1) interferes with signal transduction of the T-cell receptor. This leads to suppression of T-cell survival, proliferation, and activity in the tumor microenvironment resulting in compromised anticancer immunity. PD-1/PD-L-1 interaction blockade shown remarkable clinical success in various cancer immunotherapies. To date, most PD-1/PD-L-1 blockers approved for clinical use are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); however, their therapeutic use are limited owing to poor clinical responses in a proportion of patients. mAbs also displayed low tumor penetration, steep production costs, and incidences of immune-related side effects. This strongly indicates the importance of developing novel inhibitors as cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Recently, advancements in the small molecule-based inhibitors (SMIs) that directly block the PD-1/PD-L-1 axis gained attention from the scientific community involved in cancer research. SMIs demonstrated certain advantages over mAbs, including longer half-lives, low cost, greater cell penetration, and possibility of oral administration. Currently, several SMIs are in development pipeline as potential therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy. To develop new SMIs, a wide range of structural scaffolds have been explored with excellent outcomes; biphenyl-based scaffolds are most studied. In this review, we analyzed the development of mAbs and SMIs targeting PD-1/PD-L-1 axis for cancer treatment. Altogether, the present review delves into the problems related to mAbs use and a detailed discussion on the development and current status of SMIs. This article may provide a comprehensive guide to medicinal chemists regarding the potential structural scaffolds required for PD-1/PD-L-1 interaction inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Wang M, Chen L, He J, Xia W, Ye Z, She J. Structural insights into IL-6 signaling inhibition by therapeutic antibodies. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113819. [PMID: 38393945 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody inhibitors of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway, such as tocilizumab and sarilumab, have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced cytokine storm, and severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we solve the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of sarilumab and tocilizumab in complex with IL-6R to resolutions of 3.2 and 3.3 Å, respectively. These structures reveal that both tocilizumab and sarilumab bind to the D3 domain of IL-6R. The binding surfaces of the two antibodies largely overlap, but the detailed interactions are different. Functional studies of various mutants show results consistent with our structural analysis of the antibodies and IL-6R interactions. Structural comparisons with the IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 complex indicate that sarilumab and tocilizumab probably inhibit IL-6/IL-6R signaling by competing for the IL-6 binding site. In summary, this work reveals the antibody-blocking mechanism of the IL-6 signaling pathway and paves the way for future antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Long Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Jin He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Wenqiang Xia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ji She
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China.
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7
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Xi X, Zhao W. Anti-Tumor Potential of Post-Translational Modifications of PD-1. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2119-2132. [PMID: 38534752 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a vital immune checkpoint molecule. The location, stability, and protein-protein interaction of PD-1 are significantly influenced by post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. The biological information of PD-1, including its gene and protein structures and the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, was briefly reviewed in this review. Additionally, recent research on PD-1 post-translational modification, including the study of ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation, was summarized, and research strategies for PD-1 PTM drugs were concluded. At present, only a part of PD-1/PD-L1 treated patients (35-45%) are benefited from immunotherapies, and novel strategies targeting PTM of PD-1/PD-L1 may be important for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 non-responders (poor responders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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8
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Maggie Liu SY, Huang J, Deng JY, Xu CR, Yan HH, Yang MY, Li YS, Ke EE, Zheng MY, Wang Z, Lin JX, Gan B, Zhang XC, Chen HJ, Wang BC, Tu HY, Yang JJ, Zhong WZ, Li Y, Zhou Q, Wu YL. PD-L1 expression guidance on sintilimab versus pembrolizumab with or without platinum-doublet chemotherapy in untreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (CTONG1901): A phase 2, randomized, controlled trial. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:535-543. [PMID: 38185589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
No direct comparison has been performed between different programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors for first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The feasibility of using PD-L1-expression-guided immunotherapy remains unknown. In this open-label, phase 2 study (NCT04252365), patients with advanced NSCLC without EGFR or ALK alterations were randomized (1:1) to receive sintilimab or pembrolizumab monotherapy (PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%), or sintilimab or pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (PD-L1 expression < 50%). The sample size was calculated by optimal two-stage design. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The study included 71 patients (sintilimab arms, n = 35; pembrolizumab arms, n = 36) and met its primary endpoint, with a confirmed ORR of 51.4% (18/35) in the sintilimab arms. The confirmed ORR (95% confidence interval) was 46.2% (19.2%, 74.9%) and 42.9% (17.7%, 71.1%) for patients treated with sintilimab and pembrolizumab monotherapy; and 54.5% (32.2%, 75.6%) and 45.4% (24.4%, 67.8%) for those treated with sintilimab- and pembrolizumab-based combination therapies. The median progression-free survival was 6.9 versus 8.1 months for all sintilimab-treated versus all pembrolizumab-treated patients, respectively, in which it was 7.6 versus 11.0 months in monotherapy and 7.4 versus 7.1 months in combination therapies. The median overall survival was 14.9 versus 21.3 months for all sintilimab-treated versus all pembrolizumab-treated patients, respectively, in which it was 14.9 versus 22.6 months in monotherapy and 14.7 versus 17.3 months in combination therapies. Treatment-related adverse events were consistent with safety outcomes of monotherapy and combination therapy in previous phase III studies. However, the incidence of rash was higher with sintilimab than pembrolizumab monotherapy. This is the first prospective phase 2 study to directly compare two anti-PD-1 antibodies as first-line treatment in advanced NSCLC. Sintilimab was efficacious and well-tolerated irrespective of PD-L1 expression level in patients with advanced NSCLC and had similar efficacy and safety to pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Maggie Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Yi Deng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chong-Rui Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hong-Hong Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG), Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ming-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang-Si Li
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - E-E Ke
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming-Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Xin Lin
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Gan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin-Chao Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hai-Yan Tu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG), Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG), Guangzhou 510055, China.
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9
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Lippert AH, Paluch C, Gaglioni M, Vuong MT, McColl J, Jenkins E, Fellermeyer M, Clarke J, Sharma S, Moreira da Silva S, Akkaya B, Anzilotti C, Morgan SH, Jessup CF, Körbel M, Gileadi U, Leitner J, Knox R, Chirifu M, Huo J, Yu S, Ashman N, Lui Y, Wilkinson I, Attfield KE, Fugger L, Robertson NJ, Lynch CJ, Murray L, Steinberger P, Santos AM, Lee SF, Cornall RJ, Klenerman D, Davis SJ. Antibody agonists trigger immune receptor signaling through local exclusion of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases. Immunity 2024; 57:256-270.e10. [PMID: 38354703 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies can block immune receptor engagement or trigger the receptor machinery to initiate signaling. We hypothesized that antibody agonists trigger signaling by sterically excluding large receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) such as CD45 from sites of receptor engagement. An agonist targeting the costimulatory receptor CD28 produced signals that depended on antibody immobilization and were sensitive to the sizes of the receptor, the RPTPs, and the antibody itself. Although both the agonist and a non-agonistic anti-CD28 antibody locally excluded CD45, the agonistic antibody was more effective. An anti-PD-1 antibody that bound membrane proximally excluded CD45, triggered Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 recruitment, and suppressed systemic lupus erythematosus and delayed-type hypersensitivity in experimental models. Paradoxically, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, anti-PD-1-blocking antibodies used clinically, also excluded CD45 and were agonistic in certain settings. Reducing these agonistic effects using antibody engineering improved PD-1 blockade. These findings establish a framework for developing new and improved therapies for autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Paluch
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MiroBio Ltd, Winchester House, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Meike Gaglioni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mai T Vuong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James McColl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Jenkins
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Fellermeyer
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Clarke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumana Sharma
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Billur Akkaya
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara H Morgan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire F Jessup
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Körbel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel Knox
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mami Chirifu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Yu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Ashman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuan Lui
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kathrine E Attfield
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lynne Murray
- MiroBio Ltd, Winchester House, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Siddiqui AA, Peter S, Ngoh EZX, Wang CI, Ng S, Dangerfield JA, Gunzburg WH, Dröge P, Makhija H. A versatile genomic transgenesis platform with enhanced λ integrase for human Expi293F cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1198465. [PMID: 37425360 PMCID: PMC10325659 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1198465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable cell-based platforms to test and/or produce biologics in a sustainable manner are important for the biotech industry. Utilizing enhanced λ integrase, a sequence-specific DNA recombinase, we developed a novel transgenesis platform involving a fully characterized single genomic locus as an artificial landing pad for transgene insertion in human Expi293F cells. Importantly, transgene instability and variation in expression were not observed in the absence of selection pressure, thus enabling reliable long-term biotherapeutics testing or production. The artificial landing pad for λ integrase can be targeted with multi-transgene constructs and offers future modularity involving additional genome manipulation tools to generate sequential or nearly seamless insertions. We demonstrated broad utility with expression constructs for anti PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and showed that the orientation of heavy and light chain transcription units profoundly affected antibody expression levels. In addition, we demonstrated encapsulation of our PD-1 platform cells into bio-compatible mini-bioreactors and the continued secretion of antibodies, thus providing a basis for future cell-based applications for more effective and affordable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Peter
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I. Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirelle Ng
- Austrianova Singapore Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Walter H. Gunzburg
- Austrianova Singapore Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dröge
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Boisgerault N, Bertrand P. Inside PD-1/PD-L1,2 with their inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115465. [PMID: 37196547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge in the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boisgerault
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université D'Angers, CRCI2NA, LabEx IGO, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- University of Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, 4 Rue Michel Brunet B27, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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12
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Ren S, Feng J, Ma S, Chen H, Ma Z, Huang C, Zhang L, He J, Wang C, Zhou J, Danchaivijtr P, Wang CC, Vynnychenko I, Wang K, Orlandi F, Sriuranpong V, Li B, Ge J, Dang T, Zhou C. KEYNOTE-033: Randomized phase 3 study of pembrolizumab vs docetaxel in previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced NSCLC. Int J Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37141294 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
KEYNOTE-033 (NCT02864394) was a multicountry, open-label, phase 3 study that compared pembrolizumab vs docetaxel in previously treated, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with most patients enrolled in mainland China. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival and were evaluated sequentially using stratified log-rank tests, first in patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50% and then in patients with PD-L1 TPS ≥1% (significance threshold: P < .025, one-sided). A total of 425 patients were randomized to pembrolizumab (N = 213) or docetaxel (N = 212) between 8 September 2016 and 17 October 2018. In patients with a PD-L1 TPS ≥50% (n = 227), median OS was 12.3 months with pembrolizumab and 10.9 months with docetaxel; the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61-1.14; P = .1276). Because the significance threshold was not met, sequential testing of OS and PFS was ceased. In patients with a PD-L1 TPS ≥1%, the HR for OS for pembrolizumab vs docetaxel was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.95). In patients from mainland China (n = 311) with a PD-L1 TPS ≥1%, HR for OS was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.51-0.89). Incidence of grade 3 to 5 treatment-related AEs was 11.3% with pembrolizumab vs 47.5% with docetaxel. In summary, pembrolizumab improved OS vs docetaxel in previously treated, PD-L1-positive NSCLC without unexpected safety signals; although the statistical significance threshold was not reached, the numeral improvement is consistent with that previously observed for pembrolizumab in previously treated, advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Oncology Department, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - HuaJun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pneumology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Biotherapy 17F, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Ihor Vynnychenko
- RMI Sumy Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Francisco Orlandi
- Region Metropolitana de Santiago, Orlandi Oncologia, Providencia, Chile
| | - Virote Sriuranpong
- Medical Oncology Unit, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ben Li
- MSD China, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ge
- MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Moxam J, Naylon S, Richaud AD, Zhao G, Padilla A, Roche SP. Passive Membrane Permeability of Sizable Acyclic β-Hairpin Peptides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:278-284. [PMID: 36923919 PMCID: PMC10009788 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent shift toward increasingly larger drug modalities has created a significant demand for novel classes of compounds with high membrane permeability that can inhibit intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs). While major advances have been made in the design of cell-permeable helices, stapled β-sheets, and cyclic peptides, the development of large acyclic β-hairpins lags far behind. Therefore, we investigated a series of 26 β-hairpins (MW > 1.6 kDa) belonging to a chemical space far beyond the Lipinski "rule of five" (fbRo5) and showed that, in addition to their innate plasticity, the lipophilicity of these peptides (log D 7.4 ≈ 0 ± 0.7) can be tuned to drastically improve the balance between aqueous solubility and passive membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillene Moxam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Sarah Naylon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Alexis D. Richaud
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Guangkuan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Alberto Padilla
- Department
of Natural Science, Keiser University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309, United States
| | - Stéphane P. Roche
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
- Center
for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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14
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Yang W, Li T, Bai Y, Long Y, Gao M, Wang T, Jing F, Zhang F, Tao H, Ma J, Wang L, Hu Y. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab versus sintilimab treatment in patients with advanced squamous lung cancer: A real-world study in China. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1147903. [PMID: 37124534 PMCID: PMC10130366 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1147903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Both pembrolizumab and sintilimab have been approved by the Chinese State Drug Administration (NMPA) for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous lung cancer. The differences of the two drugs in efficacy and safety are unclear. Objectives To compare the real-world efficacy and safety of first-line treatments in patients with advanced squamous lung cancer. Materials and methods This was a retrospective review of patients with advanced squamous carcinoma who received sintilimab or pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy between June 2018 and April 2022 in the Chinese PLA Hospital. The primary objective was to compare the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Secondary objectives were to compare the disease control rate (DCR) and to analyze adverse events (AEs) between the two groups. Results A total of 164 patients were enrolled, including 63 patients (38.4%) in the sintilimab-combined chemotherapy group and 101 patients (61.6%) in the pembrolizumab-combined chemotherapy group. The ORR was 65.10% in the sintilimab group and 61.40% in the pembrolizumab group (P=0.634). The DCR was 92.10% and 92.10% in the sintilimab and pembrolizumab groups, respectively (P=0.991). The median PFS was 22.2 months for patients treated with sintilimab group compared with 16.5 months for patients treated with pembrolizumab group[hazard ratio (HR) = 0.743; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.479-1.152; P = 0.599]. Patients treated with pembrolizumab did not achieve a median OS, and patients treated with sintilimab had a median OS of 30.7 months. In the sintilimab group, the incidence of all treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was 92.1% (58/63), and the incidence of grade 3-4 TRAEs of 42.9% (27/63). In the pembrolizumab group, the incidence of all TRAEs was 90.1% (91/101), and the incidence of grade 3-4 TRAEs was 37.6% (38/101). Conclusion In the clinical treatment of Chinese patients with advanced squamous lung cancer, first-line treatment with sintilimab in combination with chemotherapy provided similar efficacy to pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy, and the treatment-related adverse effect profiles were comparable between the two groups, including similar rates of grade 3-4 and all adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yibing Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Long
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Junxun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijie Wang, ; Yi Hu,
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijie Wang, ; Yi Hu,
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15
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Roy D, Liu GS, Zeling Wang A, Zhou B, Yunus FUN, Raza G, Bharath Merugu S, Saidi Mashausi D, Li D, Zhao B. Construction and stable gene expression of AGR2xPD1 bi-specific antibody that enhances attachment between T-Cells and lung tumor cells, suppress tumor cell migration and promoting CD8 expression in cytotoxic T-cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:85-95. [PMID: 36685298 PMCID: PMC9845114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a substantial and consistent rise in the number of clinical trials to develop advanced and potent bispecific antibodies (BsAb) over the past two decades with multiple targets to improve the efficacy or tissue specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) treatment for diseases with multiple determining factors or widely-expressed targets. In this study, we designed and synthesized BsAb AGR2xPD1 targeting extracellular AGR2, a paracrine signal, and PD1, an immune checkpoint protein. Our design is intended to use AGR2 binding to guide PD1 targeting for AGR2+cancer. We used this construction to produce AGR2xPD1 BsAb by generating clonally selected stable 293F cell line with high expression. Applying this BsAb in a T cell-Tumor cell co-culture system showed that targeting both PD1 and AGR2 with this BsAb induces the attachment of TALL-104 (CD8+ T-lymphocytes) cells onto co-cultured H460 AGR2+ Lung tumor cells and significantly reduces migration of H460 cells. T-cell expression of CD8 and IFNγ is also synergistically enhanced by the AGR2xPD1 BsAb treatment in the AGR2+H460 co-culture system. These effects are significantly reduced with AGR2 expression negative WI38 cells. Our results demonstrate that the AGR2xPD1 BsAb could be a potential therapeutic agent to provide better solid tumor targeting and synergetic efficacy for treating AGR2+ cancer by blocking AGR2 paracrine signaling to reduce tumor survival, and redirecting cytotoxic T-cells into AGR2+ cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Roy
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Song Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aru Zeling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bingjie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fakhar-Un-Nisa Yunus
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siva Bharath Merugu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Dawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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16
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Jiang M, Liu M, Liu G, Ma J, Zhang L, Wang S. Advances in the structural characterization of complexes of therapeutic antibodies with PD-1 or PD-L1. MAbs 2023; 15:2236740. [PMID: 37530414 PMCID: PMC10399482 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2236740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapeutics have become effective clinical applications for cancers. Applications of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to de-activate the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway could effectively reverse the phenotype of depleted activated thymocytes (T cells) to recover their anti-tumoral activities. High-resolution structures of the complexes of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with PD-1 or PD-L1 have revealed the key inter-molecular interactions and provided valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms by which these antibodies inhibit PD-L1-PD-1 binding. Each anti-PD-1 mAb exhibits a unique blockade mechanism, such as interference with large PD-1-PD-L1 contacting interfaces, steric hindrance by overlapping a small area of this site, or binding to an N-glycosylated site. In contrast, all therapeutic anti-PD-L1 mAbs bind to a similar area of PD-L1. Here, we summarized advances in the structural characterization of the complexes of commercial mAbs that target PD-1 or PD-L1. In particular, we focus on the unique characteristics of those mAb structures, epitopes, and blockade mechanisms. It is well known that the use of antibodies as anti-tumor drugs has increased recently and both PD-1 and PD-L1 have attracted substantial attention as target for antibodies derived from new technologies. By focusing on structural characterization, this review aims to aid the development of novel antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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17
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The High-Resolution Structure Reveals Remarkable Similarity in PD-1 Binding of Cemiplimab and Dostarlimab, the FDA-Approved Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123154. [PMID: 36551910 PMCID: PMC9775377 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple tumors have responded well to immunotherapies, which use monoclonal antibodies to block the immune checkpoint proteins and reactivate the T-cell immune response to cancer cells. Significantly, the anti-PD-1 antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab, which were approved in 2014, have revolutionized cancer therapy, demonstrating dramatic improvement and longer duration. The US FDA authorized the third anti-PD-1 medication, cemiplimab, in 2018 for use in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. To further understand the molecular mechanism of the antibody drug, we now reveal the intricate structure of PD-1 in complex with the cemiplimab Fab at a resolution of 1.98 Å. The cemiplimab-PD-1 interaction preoccupies the space for PD-L1 binding with a greater binding affinity than the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, which is the basis for the PD-1 blocking mechanism. The structure reveals that cemiplimab and dostarlimab are significantly similar in PD-1 binding, although the precise interactions differ. A comparative investigation of PD-1 interactions with the four FDA-approved antibodies reveals that the BC, C'D, and FG loops of PD-1 adopt distinct conformations for optimal interaction with the antibodies. The structural characteristics in this work could be helpful information for developing more potent anti-PD-1 biologics against cancer.
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18
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Peissert F, Plüss L, Giudice AM, Ongaro T, Villa A, Elsayed A, Nadal L, Dakhel Plaza S, Scietti L, Puca E, De Luca R, Forneris F, Neri D. Selection of a PD-1 blocking antibody from a novel fully human phage display library. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4486. [PMID: 36317676 PMCID: PMC9667898 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immunoregulatory target which is recognized by different monoclonal antibodies, approved for the therapy of multiple types of cancer. Different anti-PD-1 antibodies display different therapeutic properties and there is a pharmaceutical interest to generate and characterize novel anti-PD-1 antibodies. We screened multiple human antibody phage display libraries to target novel epitopes on the PD-1 surface and we discovered a unique and previously undescribed binding specificity (termed D12) from a new antibody library (termed AMG). The library featured antibody fragments in single-chain fragment variable (scFv) format, based on the IGHV3-23*03 (VH ) and IGKV1-39*01 (Vκ) genes. The D12 antibody was characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cross-reacted with the Cynomolgus monkey antigen and bound to primary human T cells, as shown by flow cytometry. The antibody blocked the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in vitro with an EC50 value which was comparable to the one of nivolumab, a clinically approved antibody. The fine details of the interaction between D12 and PD-1 were elucidated by x-ray crystallography of the complex at a 3.5 Å resolution, revealing an unprecedented conformational change at the N-terminus of PD-1 following D12 binding, as well as partial overlap with the binding site for the cognate PD-L1 and PD-L2 ligands which prevents their binding. The results of the study suggest that the expansion of antibody library repertoires may facilitate the discovery of novel binding specificities with unique properties that hold promises for the modulation of PD-1 activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Peissert
- Philochem AGOtelfingenSwitzerland
- Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity School for Advanced Studies IUSS PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Louis Plüss
- Philochem AGOtelfingenSwitzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich)ZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Tiziano Ongaro
- The Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Abdullah Elsayed
- Philochem AGOtelfingenSwitzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich)ZürichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Luigi Scietti
- The Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise‐Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Dario Neri
- Philochem AGOtelfingenSwitzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich)ZürichSwitzerland
- Philogen SpASovicille (SI)Italy
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19
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Burley SK, Bhikadiya C, Bi C, Bittrich S, Chao H, Chen L, Craig PA, Crichlow GV, Dalenberg K, Duarte JM, Dutta S, Fayazi M, Feng Z, Flatt JW, Ganesan SJ, Ghosh S, Goodsell DS, Green RK, Guranovic V, Henry J, Hudson BP, Khokhriakov I, Lawson CL, Liang Y, Lowe R, Peisach E, Persikova I, Piehl DW, Rose Y, Sali A, Segura J, Sekharan M, Shao C, Vallat B, Voigt M, Webb B, Westbrook JD, Whetstone S, Young JY, Zalevsky A, Zardecki C. RCSB Protein Data bank: Tools for visualizing and understanding biological macromolecules in 3D. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4482. [PMID: 36281733 PMCID: PMC9667899 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Now in its 52nd year of continuous operations, the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is the premiere open-access global archive housing three-dimensional (3D) biomolecular structure data. It is jointly managed by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) partnership. The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) is funded by the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and US Department of Energy and serves as the US data center for the wwPDB. RCSB PDB is also responsible for the security of PDB data in its role as wwPDB-designated Archive Keeper. Every year, RCSB PDB serves tens of thousands of depositors of 3D macromolecular structure data (coming from macromolecular crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and micro-electron diffraction). The RCSB PDB research-focused web portal (RCSB.org) makes PDB data available at no charge and without usage restrictions to many millions of PDB data consumers around the world. The RCSB PDB training, outreach, and education web portal (PDB101.RCSB.org) serves nearly 700 K educators, students, and members of the public worldwide. This invited Tools Issue contribution describes how RCSB PDB (i) is organized; (ii) works with wwPDB partners to process new depositions; (iii) serves as the wwPDB-designated Archive Keeper; (iv) enables exploration and 3D visualization of PDB data via RCSB.org; and (v) supports training, outreach, and education via PDB101.RCSB.org. New tools and features at RCSB.org are presented using examples drawn from high-resolution structural studies of proteins relevant to treatment of human cancers by targeting immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K. Burley
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA,Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Charmi Bhikadiya
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Chunxiao Bi
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sebastian Bittrich
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Henry Chao
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Li Chen
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Paul A. Craig
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Gregg V. Crichlow
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kenneth Dalenberg
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jose M. Duarte
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shuchismita Dutta
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Maryam Fayazi
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Zukang Feng
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Justin W. Flatt
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Sai J. Ganesan
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA,Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sutapa Ghosh
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - David S. Goodsell
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel Kramer Green
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Vladimir Guranovic
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jeremy Henry
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brian P. Hudson
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Igor Khokhriakov
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Catherine L. Lawson
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yuhe Liang
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Robert Lowe
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ezra Peisach
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Irina Persikova
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dennis W. Piehl
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yana Rose
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrej Sali
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA,Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joan Segura
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data BankSan Diego Supercomputer Center, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Monica Sekharan
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Chenghua Shao
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Brinda Vallat
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Maria Voigt
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Benjamin Webb
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA,Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John D. Westbrook
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Shamara Whetstone
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jasmine Y. Young
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Arthur Zalevsky
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA,Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryQuantitative Biosciences Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christine Zardecki
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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20
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Richaud AD, Zaghouani M, Zhao G, Wangpaichitr M, Savaraj N, Roche SP. Exploiting the Innate Plasticity of the Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD1) Receptor to Design Pembrolizumab H3 Loop Mimics. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200449. [PMID: 36082509 PMCID: PMC10029098 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade of the immunoreceptor programmed cell death-1 (PD1) with its ligand-1 (PDL1) by monoclonal antibodies such as pembrolizumab provided compelling clinical results in various cancer types, yet the molecular mechanism by which this drug blocks the PD1/PDL1 interface remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the conformational motion of PD1 associated with the binding of pembrolizumab. Our results revealed that the innate plasticity of both C'D and FG loops is crucial to form a deep binding groove (371 Å3 ) across several distant epitopes of PD1. This analysis ultimately provided a rational-design to create pembrolizumab H3 loop mimics [RDYRFDMGFD] into β-hairpin scaffolds. As a result, a 20-residue long β-hairpin peptide 1 e was identified as a first-in-class potent PD1-inhibitor (EC50 of 0.29 μM; Ki of 41 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Richaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mehdi Zaghouani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Guangkuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | | | - Niramol Savaraj
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33458, USA
| | - Stéphane P Roche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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21
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Wu Q, Qian W, Sun X, Jiang S. Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:143. [PMID: 36209184 PMCID: PMC9548212 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license applications (BLAs). A total of 228 of these 1050 drugs were identified as cancer therapeutics or cancer-related drugs, and 120 of them were classified as therapeutic drugs for solid tumors according to their initial indications. These drugs have evolved from small molecules with broad-spectrum antitumor properties in the early stage to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) with a more precise targeting effect during the most recent decade. These drugs have extended indications for other malignancies, constituting a cancer treatment system for monotherapy or combined therapy. However, the available targets are still mainly limited to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), restricting the development of antitumor drugs. In this review, these 120 drugs are summarized and classified according to the initial indications, characteristics, or functions. Additionally, RTK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies are also discussed. Our analysis of existing challenges and potential opportunities in drug development may advance solid tumor treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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22
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Aghbash PS, Hemmat N, Fathi H, Baghi HB. Monoclonal antibodies in cervical malignancy-related HPV. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904790. [PMID: 36276117 PMCID: PMC9582116 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many efforts to treat HPV infection, cervical cancer survival is still poor for several reasons, including resistance to chemotherapy and relapse. Numerous treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, immune cell-based therapies, siRNA combined with various drugs, and immunotherapy are being studied and performed to provide the best treatment. Depending on the stage and size of the tumor, methods such as radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, or chemotherapy can be utilized to treat cervical cancer. While accepted, these treatments lead to interruptions in cellular pathways and immune system homeostasis. In addition to a low survival rate, cervical neoplasm incidence has been rising significantly. However, new strategies have been proposed to increase patient survival while reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy, including targeted therapy and monoclonal antibodies. In this article, we discuss the types and potential therapeutic roles of monoclonal antibodies in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Fathi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, ;
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23
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Forsythe SD, Erali RA, Laney P, Sivakumar H, Li W, Skardal A, Soker S, Votanopoulos KI. Application of immune enhanced organoids in modeling personalized Merkel cell carcinoma research. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13865. [PMID: 35974123 PMCID: PMC9380677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine cutaneous cancer, with incidence of less than 1/100,000, low survival rates and variable response to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Herein we explore the application of patient tumor organoids (PTOs) in modeling personalized research in this rare malignancy. Unsorted and non-expanded MCC tumor cells were isolated from surgical specimens and suspended in an ECM based hydrogel, along with patient matched blood and lymph node tissue to generate immune enhanced organoids (iPTOs). Organoids were treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents and efficacy was determined by post-treatment viability. Nine specimens from seven patients were recruited from December 2018-January 2022. Establishment rate was 88.8% (8/9) for PTOs and 77.8% (7/9) for iPTOs. Histology on matched patient tissues and PTOs demonstrated expression of MCC markers. Chemotherapy response was exhibited in 4/6 (66.6%) specimens with cisplatin and doxorubicin as the most effective agents (4/6 PTO sets) while immunotherapy was not effective in tested iPTO sets. Four specimens from two patients demonstrated resistance to pembrolizumab, correlating with the corresponding patient's treatment response. Routine establishment and immune enhancement of MCC PTOs is feasible directly from resected surgical specimens allowing for personalized research and exploration of treatment regimens in the preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Forsythe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston Salem, USA
| | - Richard A Erali
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston Salem, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA
| | - Preston Laney
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston Salem, USA
| | - Hemamylammal Sivakumar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston Salem, USA
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA
| | - Konstantinos I Votanopoulos
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Organoid Research Center (WFORCE), Winston Salem, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA.
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24
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Aristin Revilla S, Kranenburg O, Coffer PJ. Colorectal Cancer-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells: Functional Heterogeneity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Therapeutic Targeting. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903564. [PMID: 35874729 PMCID: PMC9304750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with one of the highest rates of incidence and mortality among cancers worldwide. Understanding the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to improve diagnosis and treatment. Within the CRC TME, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) consist of a heterogeneous mixture of adaptive immune cells composed of mainly anti-tumor effector T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations), and suppressive regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells. The balance between these two populations is critical in anti-tumor immunity. In general, while tumor antigen-specific T cell responses are observed, tumor clearance frequently does not occur. Treg cells are considered to play an important role in tumor immune escape by hampering effective anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, CRC-tumors with increased numbers of Treg cells have been associated with promoting tumor development, immunotherapy failure, and a poorer prognosis. Enrichment of Treg cells in CRC can have multiple causes including their differentiation, recruitment, and preferential transcriptional and metabolic adaptation to the TME. Targeting tumor-associated Treg cell may be an effective addition to current immunotherapy approaches. Strategies for depleting Treg cells, such as low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment, or targeting one or more checkpoint receptors such as CTLA-4 with PD-1 with monoclonal antibodies, have been explored. These have resulted in activation of anti-tumor immune responses in CRC-patients. Overall, it seems likely that CRC-associated Treg cells play an important role in determining the success of such therapeutic approaches. Here, we review our understanding of the role of Treg cells in CRC, the possible mechanisms that support their homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment, and current approaches for manipulating Treg cells function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Aristin Revilla
- Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Coffer
- Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Paul J. Coffer,
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25
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Huang Z, Pang X, Zhong T, Qu T, Chen N, Ma S, He X, Xia D, Wang M, Xia M, Li B. Penpulimab, an Fc-Engineered IgG1 Anti-PD-1 Antibody, With Improved Efficacy and Low Incidence of Immune-Related Adverse Events. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924542. [PMID: 35833116 PMCID: PMC9272907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgG4 anbibodies are deficient in stability and may contribute to tumor-associated escape from immune surveillance. We developed an IgG1 backbone anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody, penpulimab, which is designed to remove crystallizable fragment (Fc) gamma receptor (FcγR) binding that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and proinflammatory cytokine release. Methods Aggregation of different anti-PD-1 antibodies was tested by size exclusion chromatography, and melting temperature midpoint (Tm) and aggregation temperature onset (Tagg) were also determined. The affinity constants of penpulimab for PD-1 and human FcγRs were measured by surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry. ADCC and ADCP were determined in cellular assays and antibody-dependent cytokine release (ADCR) from human macrophages was detected by ELISA. Binding kinetics of penpulimab to human PD-1 was determined by Biacore, and epitope/paratope mapping of PD-1/penpulimab was investigated using x-ray crystallography. Additionally, patients from six ongoing trials were included for analysis of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Results Penpulimab demonstrated better stability and a lower level of host-cell protein residue compared with IgG4 backbone anti-PD-1 antibodies. As expected, penpulimab exhibited no apparent binding to FcγRIa, FcγRIIa_H131, FcγRIIIa_V158 and FcγRIIIa_F158, elicited no apparent ADCC and ADCP activities, and induced no remarkable IL-6 and IL-8 release by activated macrophages in vitro. Penpulimab was shown in the co-crystal study to bind to human PD-1 N-glycosylation site at N58 and had a slower off-rate from PD-1 versus nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Four hundred sixty-five patients were analyzed for irAEs. Fifteen (3.2%) patients had grade 3 or above irAEs. No death from irAEs was reported. Conclusions IgG1 backbone anti-PD1 antibody penpulimab has a good stability and reduced host cell protein residue, as well as potent binding to the antigen. Fc engineering has eliminated Fc-mediated effector functions of penpulimab including ADCC, ADCP and reduced ADCR, which may contribute to its more favorable safety profile. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: AK105-101: NCT03352531, AK105-201: NCT03722147, AK105-301: NCT03866980, AK105-202:NCT03866967, AK105-203: NCT04172571, AK105-204: NCT04172506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Huang
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Xinghua Pang
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Tailong Qu
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Na Chen
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Shun Ma
- Chemical Manufacturing and Control Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Xinrong He
- Chemical Manufacturing and Control Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Dennis Xia
- Manufacturing and Quality Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Max Wang
- Procurement and Sourcing Department and Clinical Operation Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | | | - Baiyong Li
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Baiyong Li,
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26
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Pressure increases PD-L1 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and causes resistance to anti-ROR1 CAR T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6919. [PMID: 35484298 PMCID: PMC9051206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the abnormal vasculation and proliferation, the tumor microenvironment is hypoxic, lacking nutrients, and under high interstitial pressure. Compared to oxygen and nutrients, the effect of pressure on cancer biology remains poorly studied. Here we constructed αROR1-CAR T cells and co-cultured with A549 cells with and without elevated pressure. We then measured apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry and luciferase activity. We also measured cytokine (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) release by ELISA. The results show that pressure-preconditioned A549 cells are much resistant to αROR1-CAR T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Pressure preconditioning does not appear to affect the expression of αROR1-CAR or cytokine production. However, pressure preconditioning upregulates PD-L1 expression in A549 cells and decreases cytokine release from αROR1-CAR T cells. In addition, Pembrolizumab and Cemiplimab that block PD-1::PD-L1 interaction increase the cytokine production in αROR1-CAR T cells, increase the apoptotic cell death in A549 cells, and improve the αROR1-CAR T-mediated cytotoxicity. In xenograft mice, pressure preconditioning increases tumorigenesis of A549 cells, which can be blocked by a combined therapy using Pembrolizumab and αROR1-CAR T cells. Together, our studies suggest that elevated pressure in the tumor microenvironment could blunt the T cell therapy by upregulating PD-L1 expression, which could be overcome by combining CAR T therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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27
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Manji F, Laister RC, Kuruvilla J. An evaluation of pembrolizumab for classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:285-293. [PMID: 35389317 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2061947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) targeted against the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway, a key pathway in the biology of Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Anti-PD-1 antibodies are approved for use in relapsed/refractory cHL but ongoing studies continue to optimize the use of this treatment. AREAS COVERED This review highlights recent and established data regarding pembrolizumab in the management of relapsed/refractory cHL and emerging areas of study including translational biology, combinations with chemotherapy and trials earlier in the disease courseExpert Opinion: Pembrolizumab provides superior progression free survival for patients with cHL who relapse post autologous stem cell transplant or who have chemotherapy refractory disease and should be used in these high risk populations. A key challenge remains the development of predictive biomarkers for anti-PD1 antibodies. There is promising evidence of the improved efficacy of salvage chemotherapy regimens and frontline regimens incorporating pembrolizumab but larger randomized studies are needed to demonstrate clear patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Manji
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rob C Laister
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Kuruvilla
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Lu D, Xu Z, Zhang D, Jiang M, Liu K, He J, Ma D, Ma X, Tan S, Gao GF, Chai Y. PD-1 N58-Glycosylation-Dependent Binding of Monoclonal Antibody Cemiplimab for Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826045. [PMID: 35309324 PMCID: PMC8924070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a powerful clinical treatment for tumors. Cemiplimab is a human IgG4 antibody approved in 2018 and is the first MAb proven to be effective for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma. Here, we report the crystal structure of cemiplimab bound to PD-1 and the effects of PD-1 N-glycosylation on the interactions with cemiplimab. The structure of the cemiplimab/PD-1 complex shows that cemiplimab mainly binds to PD-1 with its heavy chain, whereas the light chain serves as the predominant region to compete with the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1. The interaction network of cemiplimab to PD-1 resembles that of camrelizumab (another PD-1-binding MAb), and the N58 glycan on the BC loop of PD-1 may be involved in the interaction with cemiplimab. The binding affinity of cemiplimab with PD-1 was substantially decreased with N58-glycan-deficient PD-1, whereas the PD-1/PD-L1 blocking efficiency of cemiplimab was attenuated upon binding to the N58-glycosylation-deficient PD-1. These results indicate that both the binding and blocking efficacy of cemiplimab require the N58 glycosylation of PD-1. Taken together, these findings expand our understanding of the significance of PD-1 glycosylation in the interaction with cemiplimab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zepeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kefang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juanhua He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongli Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Andrade L, Albuquerque A, Santos-Costa A, Vasconcelos D, Savino W, Sartori GR, Martins Da Silva JH. Investigation of Unprecedented Sites and Proposition of New Ligands for Programmed Cell Death Protein I through Molecular Dynamics with Probes and Virtual Screening. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1236-1248. [PMID: 35202544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has attracted increasing attention over the last few years. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) promotes self-tolerance and inhibits immune responses by modulating the T-cell function. The interaction between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) leads to immune exhaustion, protecting cancer cells from destruction. Here, we computationally designed a novel ligand named 1508 that binds to an unprecedented PD-1 cavity identified by MixMD and defined by amino acid residues Lys78 to Val97. We showed through a set of MD simulations totaling 12.5 μs that ligand 1508 establishes frequent cation-π and hydrogen bonding interactions with amino acid residues Lys78 and Arg86, respectively, and stabilizes the PD-1 C'D loop in a conformation that does not favor PD-1-PD-L1 complex formation. This study highlights the power of MixMD in exposing new cavities prone to protein-protein complex inhibition and establishes the basis for the design of new molecules that target the PD-1 C'D cavity as an alternative for exploring the modulation of the PD-1-PD-L1 complex in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Brazil.,Grupo para Modelagem, Simulação e Evolução, in Silico, de Biomoléculas, Fiocruz-Ceará, 61760-000 Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Aline Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Brazil.,Grupo para Modelagem, Simulação e Evolução, in Silico, de Biomoléculas, Fiocruz-Ceará, 61760-000 Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Andrielly Santos-Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Brazil.,Grupo para Modelagem, Simulação e Evolução, in Silico, de Biomoléculas, Fiocruz-Ceará, 61760-000 Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Disraeli Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Brazil.,Grupo para Modelagem, Simulação e Evolução, in Silico, de Biomoléculas, Fiocruz-Ceará, 61760-000 Eusébio, Brazil
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Sobre o Timo, IOC, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Rodrigues Sartori
- Grupo para Modelagem, Simulação e Evolução, in Silico, de Biomoléculas, Fiocruz-Ceará, 61760-000 Eusébio, Brazil
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30
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Zhang L, Hao B, Geng Z, Geng Q. Toripalimab: the First Domestic Anti-Tumor PD-1 Antibody in China. Front Immunol 2022; 12:730666. [PMID: 35095833 PMCID: PMC8789657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toripalimab (Tuoyi™) is a selective, recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) developed by Shanghai Junshi Bioscience Co., Ltd. Toripalimab is able to bind to PD-1 and block the interaction with its ligands. The binding of toripalimab to PD-1 is mainly attributed to the heavy chain of the former and the FG loop of the latter. Toripalimab received a conditional approval in China for the treatment of melanoma (second-line) in December, 2018. It has also received approvals to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (first-line and third-line) and urothelial carcinoma (second-line) in 2021. Additionally, several orphan drug designations were granted to toripalimab by the US Food and Drug Administration. Toripalimab has exhibited primary anti-tumor effects in tumors such as melanoma, lung cancer, digestive tract tumors, hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors, neuroendocrine neoplasms, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. It showed a satisfactory anti-tumor effect and long-term survival benefits in Chinese melanoma patients, while the combination of axitinib with toripalimab exhibited an impressive result in metastatic mucosal melanoma. As a checkpoint inhibitor, toripalimab was generally well-tolerated in the enrolled patients. Due to different study populations, comparisons could not be made directly between toripalimab and other drugs in most cases. Nevertheless, the introduction of toripalimab may offer a valuable choice for decision-making in the treatment of tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Geng
- Department of Orthopedics of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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31
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Zhang L, Geng Z, Hao B, Geng Q. Tislelizumab: A Modified Anti-tumor Programmed Death Receptor 1 Antibody. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221111296. [PMID: 35926155 PMCID: PMC9358212 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tislelizumab is an anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) monoclonal immunoglobulin G 4 antibody developed by BeiGene. The structure of tislelizumab has been modified to maximally inhibit the binding of PD-1 to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and minimize the binding of tislelizumab to Fcγ receptors. In clinical studies, tislelizumab has shown preliminary anti-tumor effects in various solid tumors, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, lung cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. In addition, it also showed new promise in solid tumor treatment in combination with ociperlimab. Due to its satisfactory anti-tumor effects, tislelizumab has received approvals in China for the treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, squamous non-small cell lung cancer, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is now under investigation for a new indication in microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Moreover, it has been granted orphan designations in hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer, including cancer of the gastroesophageal junction, by the US Food and Drug Administration. Tislelizumab has an acceptable safety profile; the most common adverse effects include fatigue, anemia, and decreased neutrophil count, while the most fatal events have been related to respiratory infection or failure, and hepatic injury. Tislelizumab has an economic advantage compared with other well-studied PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; thus, the introduction of it could provide clinical oncologists with an effective weapon against tumors and may alleviate the burden of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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32
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Zhao J, Jiang L, Yang H, Deng L, Meng X, Ding J, Yang S, Zhao L, Xu W, Wang X, Zhu Z, Huang H. A strategy for the efficient construction of anti-PD1-based bispecific antibodies with desired IgG-like properties. MAbs 2022; 14:2044435. [PMID: 35239451 PMCID: PMC8896178 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2044435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting PD1/PDL1 with blocking antibodies for cancer therapy has shown promising benefits in the clinic, but only approximately 20-30% of patients develop durable clinical responses to the treatment. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) that combine PD1/PDL1 blockade with the modulation of another immune checkpoint target may have greater potential to enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this study, we identified an anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody, 609A, whose heavy chain can pair with a variety of light chains from different antibodies while maintaining its PD1 binding/blocking activity. Taking advantage of this property and using a linear F(ab')2 format, we successfully produced a series of tetravalent IgG-like BsAbs that simultaneously target PD1 and other immune checkpoint targets, including PDL1 and CTLA4. The BsAbs exhibited superior bioactivities in vitro and in vivo compared to their respective parental mAbs. Importantly, the BsAbs demonstrated the desired IgG-like physicochemical properties in terms of high-level expression, ease of purification to homogeneity, good stability and in vivo pharmacokinetics. In summary, we describe a novel and flexible plug-and-play platform to engineer IgG-like BsAbs with excellent development potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfeng Jiang
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Haodong Yang
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Deng
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Meng
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenping Zhu
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Haomin Huang
- Research and development, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. A 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, China
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33
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Issafras H, Fan S, Tseng CL, Cheng Y, Lin P, Xiao L, Huang YJ, Tu CH, Hsiao YC, Li M, Chen YH, Ho CH, Li O, Wang Y, Chen S, Ji Z, Zhang E, Mao YT, Liu E, Yang S, Jiang W. Structural basis of HLX10 PD-1 receptor recognition, a promising anti-PD-1 antibody clinical candidate for cancer immunotherapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257972. [PMID: 34972111 PMCID: PMC8719770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), represents a breakthrough in cancer treatment, resulting in unprecedented results in terms of overall and progression-free survival. Discovery and development of novel anti PD-1 inhibitors remains a field of intense investigation, where novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and novel antibody formats (e.g., novel isotype, bispecific mAb and low-molecular-weight compounds) are major source of future therapeutic candidates. HLX10, a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1 receptor, increased functional activities of human T-cells and showed in vitro, and anti-tumor activity in several tumor models. The combined inhibition of PD-1/PDL-1 and angiogenesis pathways using anti-VEGF antibody may enhance a sustained suppression of cancer-related angiogenesis and tumor elimination. To elucidate HLX10's mode of action, we solved the structure of HLX10 in complex with PD-1 receptor. Detailed epitope analysis showed that HLX10 has a unique mode of recognition compared to the clinically approved PD1 antibodies Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab. Notably, HLX10's epitope was closer to Pembrolizumab's epitope than Nivolumab's epitope. However, HLX10 and Pembrolizumab showed an opposite heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) usage, which recognizes several overlapping amino acid residues on PD-1. We compared HLX10 to Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab and it showed similar or better bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, providing a rationale for clinical evaluation in cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Immunotherapy
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Ligands
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Models, Molecular
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Nivolumab/chemistry
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/chemistry
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilong Fan
- National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Peihua Lin
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Xiao
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Min Li
- National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Ou Li
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Yanling Wang
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandra Chen
- Anwita Biosciences, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Eric Zhang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Mao
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Eugene Liu
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shumin Yang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Hengenix Inc., Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, P. R. China
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34
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Korman AJ, Garrett-Thomson SC, Lonberg N. The foundations of immune checkpoint blockade and the ipilimumab approval decennial. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:509-528. [PMID: 34937915 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer immunotherapies - such as IL-2 and interferon-α (IFNα) - have appeared over the past 30 years. However, it is only in the past decade that immunotherapy has made a broad impact on patient survival in multiple high-incidence cancer indications. The emergence of immunotherapy as a new pillar of cancer treatment (adding to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapies) is due to the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs, the first of which - ipilimumab - was approved in 2011. ICB drugs block receptors and ligands involved in pathways that attenuate T cell activation - such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand, PDL1 - and prevent, or reverse, acquired peripheral tolerance to tumour antigens. In this Review we mark the tenth anniversary of the approval of ipilimumab and discuss the foundational scientific history of ICB, together with the history of the discovery, development and elucidation of the mechanism of action of the first generation of drugs targeting the CTLA4 and PD1 pathways.
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35
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Niemeijer ALN, Oprea Lager DE, Huisman MC, Hoekstra OS, Boellaard R, van de Veen B, Bahce I, Vugts DJ, van Dongen GA, Thunnissen E, Smit E, de Langen AJ. First-in-human study of 89Zr-pembrolizumab PET/CT in patients with advanced stage non-small-cell lung cancer. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:362-367. [PMID: 34272316 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.261926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor programmed-death ligand-1 (PD-L1) proportion score is the current method to select non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for single agent treatment with pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody. However, not all patients respond to therapy. Better understanding of in vivo drug behavior may help to select patients that benefit most. Methods: NSCLC patients eligible for pembrolizumab monotherapy as first or later line therapy were enrolled. Patients received two injections of 89Zr-pembrolizumab; one without a preceding dose of pembrolizumab and one with 200 mg pembrolizumab, directly prior to tracer injection. Up to four PET/CT scans were obtained after tracer injection. Post-imaging acquisition, patients were treated with 200 mg pembrolizumab, every three weeks. Tumor uptake and tracer biodistribution were visually assessed and quantified as standardized uptake value (SUV). Tumor tracer uptake was correlated with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and response to pembrolizumab treatment. Results: Twelve NSCLC patients were included. One patient experienced grade 3 myalgia after tracer injection. 89Zr-pembrolizumab was observed in the blood pool, liver and spleen. Tracer uptake was visualized in 47,2% of 72 tumor lesions measuring ≥20 mm long axis diameter, and substantial uptake heterogeneity was observed within and between patients. Uptake was higher in patients with response to pembrolizumab treatment (n = 3) compared to patients without a response (n = 9), although this was not statistically significant (median SUVpeak 11.4 vs 5.7, P = 0.066). No significant correlations were found with PD-L1 or PD-1 immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: 89Zr-pembrolizumab injection was safe with only one grade 3 adverse event, possibly immune related, out of 12 patients. 89Zr-pembrolizumab tumor uptake was higher in patients with response to pembrolizumab treatment, but did not correlate with PD-L1 or PD-1 immunohistochemistry.
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36
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Duan S, Zhang X, Wang F, Shi Y, Wang J, Zeng X. Coexistence of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid and lichenoid drug reaction: a case of toripalimab-triggered and pembrolizumab-aggravated oral adverse events. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:e86-e91. [PMID: 34238713 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Toripalimab and pembrolizumab belong to anti-programmed death receptor-1 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of various cancers. Anti-programmed death receptor-1 therapy can cause mucocutaneous adverse events. Here, we report the first case, to our knowledge, of oral mucous membrane pemphigoid and lichenoid reaction triggered by toripalimab and aggravated by switching to pembrolizumab. Mucous membrane pemphigoid was a definite diagnosis, whereas lichenoid reaction was a clinical diagnosis without pathologic evidence. Although discontinuation of the culprit drugs achieved clinical resolution in most reported cases, multiple studies demonstrated statistically significant associations between the development of dermatologic adverse events and superior clinical outcomes. Thus, more studies are needed to find satisfactory measures in terms of both cancer control and avoidance of severe adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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37
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Aya F, González-Navarro EA, Martínez C, Carcelero E, Arance A. Safe anti-programmed cell death-1 rechallenge with antibody switching after immune-related adverse events: brief communication. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:745-752. [PMID: 33906373 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the safety of rechallenge with a different anti-PD-1 antibody after an immune-related adverse event (irAE) that has prompted the discontinuation of anti-PD-1 therapy. Patients & methods: We describe two patients with metastatic melanoma who developed potentially disabling and early irAEs following anti-PD-1 treatment. Therapy was discontinued and toxicities resolved with corticosteroids. Results: Rechallenge switching to an alternative anti-PD-1 antibody did not lead to a new or recurrent irAE. Conclusion: Switching to a different anti-PD-1 antibody when resuming therapy after an irAE might be a safe strategy and warrants further investigation. Structural and biological differences between antibodies might explain the different safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aya
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics & Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Clara Martínez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics & Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Arance
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics & Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Hong Y, Feng Y, Sun H, Zhang B, Wu H, Zhu Q, Li Y, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Cui X, Li Z, Song X, Li K, Liu M, Liu Y. Tislelizumab uniquely binds to the CC' loop of PD-1 with slow-dissociated rate and complete PD-L1 blockage. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:782-792. [PMID: 33527708 PMCID: PMC7931243 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), an immune checkpoint receptor expressed by activated T, B, and NK cells, is a well‐known target for cancer immunotherapy. Tislelizumab (BGB‐A317) is an anti‐PD‐1 antibody that has recently been approved for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and urothelial carcinoma. Here, we show that tislelizumab displayed remarkable antitumor efficacy in a B16F10/GM‐CSF mouse model. Structural biology and Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses revealed unique epitopes of tislelizumab, and demonstrated that the CC′ loop of PD‐1, a region considered to be essential for binding to PD‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) but not reported as targeted by other therapeutic antibodies, significantly contributes to the binding of tislelizumab. The binding surface of tislelizumab on PD‐1 overlaps largely with that of the PD‐L1. SPR analysis revealed the extremely slow dissociation rate of tislelizumab from PD‐1. Both structural and functional analyses align with the observed ability of tislelizumab to completely block PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction, broadening our understanding of the mechanism of action of anti‐PD‐1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Yingcai Feng
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Hanzi Sun
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Bo Zhang
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Hongfu Wu
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Qing Zhu
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Yucheng Li
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Tong Zhang
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Yilu Zhang
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Zhuo Li
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Kang Li
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Mike Liu
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Ye Liu
- BeiGene Global Research, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China
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39
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Mazarico Gallego JM, Herrera Juárez M, Paz-Ares L. The safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:233-242. [PMID: 32129104 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1736554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cancer-related cause of death worldwide. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of lung cancer has significantly improved the outcome of these patients. Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal IgG4-kappa antibody against programmed-death-1 (PD-1) protein, nowadays represents a standard of care for NSCLC patients. Although it has a favorable toxicity profile, some immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can be life-threatening, therefore its knowledge may help to optimize the care of these patients.Areas covered: The authors review data regarding the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab from the most relevant clinical trials as well as toxicities reported in the clinical use. Special considerations of use in special populations will be noted. Finally, its toxicity profile will be compared with other ICIs used in NSCLC.Expert opinion: In the scenario of NSCLC, pembrolizumab shows a favorable safety profile with less than 10% serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs) when used in monotherapy and without adding relevant extra-toxicity to chemotherapy when used in combination. Monotherapy with pembrolizumab is associated with better health-related quality of life than chemotherapy. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of irAEs is of prime importance as most are reversible if correctly managed. Rechallenge with pembrolizumab is frequently feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense and Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Isidro RA, Ruan AB, Gannarapu S, Raj D, Rahma O, Grover S, Srivastava A. Medication-specific variations in morphological patterns of injury in immune check-point inhibitor-associated colitis. Histopathology 2020; 78:532-541. [PMID: 32931028 DOI: 10.1111/his.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A varied spectrum of histopathological changes has been associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) colitis. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of different histopathological patterns of injury in patients with ICI colitis and their association with specific immune check-point inhibitors. METHODS AND RESULTS Biopsies from patients with clinically and histologically confirmed ICI colitis were reviewed blindly to determine the predominant pattern of injury and to quantitate discrete histological parameters using the Geboes score. Paneth cell metaplasia, intraepithelial lymphocytes, abnormal subepithelial collagen and degree of crypt epithelial apoptosis was also recorded. A total of 86 patients with ICI colitis (ipilimumab, n = 14; ipilimumab + nivolumab, n = 29; nivolumab, n = 20 and pembrolizumab, n = 23) were included. The patterns of injury identified included diffuse active colitis (n = 22), chronic active colitis (n = 22), lymphocytic colitis (LC, n = 16), collagenous colitis (CC, n = 14), graft-versus-host disease-like colitis (n = 7) and mixed colitis (n = 5). Patients on ipilimumab were more likely to have a diffuse active colitis pattern without features of chronicity (P < 0.01) and less likely to have LC (P < 0.05) compared to other ICIs. LC and CC were more common in patients on nivolumab and pembrolizumab relative to other groups (P < 0.05). Chronic active colitis was most frequent in nivolumab patients (P < 0.05), and these patients had received more ICI doses and had been on ICI treatment longer compared to other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS ICI colitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all the common inflammatory patterns of colitis and shows medication specific differences in patterns of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Isidro
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Swetha Gannarapu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhanya Raj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osama Rahma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amitabh Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a cancer of the immune system. Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy result in high cure rate, nevertheless, up to a quarter of patients with advanced stage cHL may relapse. One mechanism of relapse is through immune evasion; cHL can avoid immune destruction by manipulating T cell regulatory protein programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) interaction. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), such as pembrolizumab are effective in relapsed/refractory (R/R) cHL. AREAS COVERED We reviewed prior and ongoing investigation of pembrolizumab use in R/R cHL, maintenance after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and in frontline setting. Phase I study of pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-013) demonstrated safety in R/R cHL with subsequent phase II study (KEYNOTE-087) confirmed efficacy signal. Intriguing early data support the use of maintenance pembrolizumab after ASCT in high-risk cHL patients. Second line and frontline studies incorporating CPIs have demonstrated promising efficacy with no significant additive toxicities. EXPERT OPINION Immune CPIs that block PD-1/PD-L1 and PD-L2 interaction are an effective strategy in R/R cHL. Pembrolizumab demonstrated safety and efficacy in the treatment of R/R cHL. The optimal utilization of pembrolizumab in frontline therapy is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A Al Hadidi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hun Ju Lee
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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42
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Liu K, Tan S, Jin W, Guan J, Wang Q, Sun H, Qi J, Yan J, Chai Y, Wang Z, Deng C, Gao GF. N-glycosylation of PD-1 promotes binding of camrelizumab. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51444. [PMID: 33063473 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 is a highly glycosylated inhibitory receptor expressed mainly on T cells. Targeting of PD-1 with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to block the interaction with its ligand PD-L1 has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors. However, polymorphisms at N-glycosylation sites of PD-1 exist in the human population that might affect antibody binding, and dysregulated glycosylation has been observed in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate varied N-glycan composition in PD-1, and show that the binding affinity of camrelizumab, a recently approved PD-1-specific MAb, to non-glycosylated PD-1 proteins from E. coli is substantially decreased compared with glycosylated PD-1. The structure of the camrelizumab/PD-1 complex reveals that camrelizumab mainly utilizes its heavy chain to bind to PD-1, while the light chain sterically inhibits the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1. Glycosylation of asparagine 58 (N58) promotes the interaction with camrelizumab, while the efficiency of camrelizumab to inhibit the binding of PD-L1 is substantially reduced for glycosylation-deficient PD-1. These results increase our understanding of how glycosylation affects the activity of PD-1-specific MAbs during immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefang Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjun Jin
- College of Life Science, Research Center for Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- College of Life Science, Research Center for Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - George F Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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43
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Hu K, Xie L, Hanyu M, Zhang Y, Li L, Ma X, Nagatsu K, Suzuki H, Wang W, Zhang MR. Harnessing the PD-L1 interface peptide for positron emission tomography imaging of the PD-1 immune checkpoint. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:214-224. [PMID: 34458761 PMCID: PMC8341843 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interface peptides that mediate protein–protein interactions (PPI) are a class of important lead compounds for designing PPI inhibitors. However, their potential as precursors for radiotracers has never been exploited. Here we report that the interface peptides from programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can be used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) with high accuracy and sensitivity. Moreover, the performance differentiation between murine PD-L1 derived interface peptide (mPep-1) and human PD-L1 derived interface peptide (hPep-1) as PET tracers for PD-1 unveiled an unprecedented role of a non-critical residue in target binding, highlighting the significance of PET imaging as a companion diagnostic in drug development. Collectively, this study not only provided a first-of-its-kind peptide-based PET tracer for PD-1 but also conveyed a unique paradigm for developing imaging agents for highly challenging protein targets, which could be used to identify other protein biomarkers involved in the PPI networks. Leveraging interface peptides in PD-L1 for PET imaging of PD-1, providing a new paradigm for radiotracer development.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
| | - Masayuki Hanyu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
| | - Lingyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army Beijing 100853 P. R. China
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
| | - Weizhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
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44
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Rofi E, Del Re M, Arrigoni E, Rizzo M, Fontanelli L, Crucitta S, Gianfilippo G, Restante G, Fogli S, Porta C, Danesi R, Schmidinger M. Clinical pharmacology of monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 axis in urothelial cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 154:102891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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45
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Patsoukis N, Wang Q, Strauss L, Boussiotis VA. Revisiting the PD-1 pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/38/eabd2712. [PMID: 32948597 PMCID: PMC7500922 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Programmed Death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is an inhibitory receptor induced in activated T cells. PD-1 engagement by its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, maintains peripheral tolerance but also compromises anti-tumor immunity. Blocking antibodies against PD-1 or its ligands have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, only a fraction of patients develop durable antitumor responses. Clinical outcomes have reached a plateau without substantial advances by combinatorial approaches. Thus, great interest has recently emerged to investigate, in depth, the mechanisms by which the PD-1 pathway transmits inhibitory signals with the goal to identify molecular targets for improvement of the therapeutic success. These efforts have revealed unpredictable dimensions of the pathway and uncovered novel mechanisms involved in PD-1 and PD-L1 regulation and function. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances on the mechanistic aspects of the PD-1 pathway and discuss the implications of these new discoveries and the gaps that remain to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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46
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Xie T, Wang S, Xing P. [Analysis of the Correlation between Molecular Structural Differences of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors and Adverse Events]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:603-608. [PMID: 32702794 PMCID: PMC7406435 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
针对程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1)及程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1)的免疫治疗作为一种新兴的方法在恶性肿瘤的治疗中起到越来越大的作用,相较于传统的化学治疗体现出更好的疗效。然而在应用针对PD-1/PD-L1的免疫检查点抑制剂的过程中也出现了许多不良反应,并且这些不良反应在不同药物中的发生率也不完全相同。由于区分不同药物的一个重要指标是它们的分子结构,故本文将从不同PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂的结构出发,通过综述不良反应的meta分析以及回顾性研究的结果解析分子结构与不良反应发生情况之间的相关性。
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongji Xie
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shouzheng Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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47
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Guo L, Wei R, Lin Y, Kwok HF. Clinical and Recent Patents Applications of PD-1/PD-L1 Targeting Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment-Current Progress, Strategy, and Future Perspective. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1508. [PMID: 32733486 PMCID: PMC7358377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting PD-L1 and PD-1 interactions is a relatively new therapeutic strategy used to treat cancer. Inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 include peptides, small molecule chemical compounds, and antibodies. Several approved antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have been patented with good curative effect in various cancer types in clinical practices. While the current antibody therapy is facing development bottleneck, some companies have tried to develop PD-L1 companion tests to select patients with better diagnosis potential. Meanwhile, many companies have recently synthesized small molecule inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions and focused on searching for novel biomarker to predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs. This review summarized clinical studies and patent applications related to PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy and also discussed progress in inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Guo
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, China
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48
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Lee SH, Lee HT, Lim H, Kim Y, Park UB, Heo YS. Crystal structure of PD-1 in complex with an antibody-drug tislelizumab used in tumor immune checkpoint therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:226-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chen Y, Pei Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Yu J, Meng X. Looking for the Optimal PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor in Cancer Treatment: A Comparison in Basic Structure, Function, and Clinical Practice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1088. [PMID: 32547566 PMCID: PMC7274131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) targeted immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the focus of tumor treatment due to their promising efficacy. Currently, several PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been approved for clinical practice with several more in clinical trials. Notably, based on available trial data, the selection of different PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the therapeutic application and the corresponding efficacy varies. Widespread attention then is increasingly raised to the clinical comparability of different PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The comparison of the inhibitors could not only help clinicians make in-depth understanding of them, but also further facilitate the selection of the optimal inhibitor for patients in treatment as well as for future clinical research and the development of new related drugs. As we all know, molecular structure could determine molecular function, which further affects their application. Therefore, in this review, we aim to comprehensively compare the structural basis, molecular biological functions, and clinical practice of different PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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50
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Hutchins B, Starling GC, McCoy MA, Herzyk D, Poulet FM, Dulos J, Liu L, Kang SP, Fayadat-Dilman L, Hsieh M, Andrews CL, Ayanoglu G, Cullen C, Malefyt RDW, Kastelein RA, Saux SL, Lee J, Li S, Malashock D, Sadekova S, Soder G, van Eenennaam H, Willingham A, Yu Y, Streuli M, Carven GJ, van Elsas A. Biophysical and Immunological Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology in Nonhuman Primates of the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Pembrolizumab. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1298-1307. [PMID: 32229606 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway represents a major immune checkpoint, which may be engaged by cells in the tumor microenvironment to overcome active T-cell immune surveillance. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®, MK-3475) is a potent and highly selective humanized mAb of the IgG4/kappa isotype designed to directly block the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. This blockade enhances the functional activity of T cells to facilitate tumor regression and ultimately immune rejection. Pembrolizumab binds to human and cynomolgus monkey PD-1 with picomolar affinity and blocks the binding of human and cynomolgus monkey PD-1 to PD-L1 and PD-L2 with comparable potency. Pembrolizumab binds both the C'D and FG loops of PD-1. Pembrolizumab overcomes human and cynomolgus monkey PD-L1-mediated immune suppression in T-cell cultures by enhancing IL2 production following staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation of healthy donor and cancer patient cells, and IFNγ production in human primary tumor histoculture. Ex vivo and in vitro studies with human and primate T cells show that pembrolizumab enhances antigen-specific T-cell IFNγ and IL2 production. Pembrolizumab does not mediate FcR or complement-driven effector function against PD-1-expressing cells. Pembrolizumab displays dose-dependent clearance and half-life in cynomolgus monkey pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies typical for human IgG4 antibodies. In nonhuman primate toxicology studies, no findings of toxicologic significance were observed. The preclinical data for pembrolizumab are consistent with the clinical anticancer activity and safety that has been demonstrated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John Dulos
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,Galapagos, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liming Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Mark Hsieh
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Constance Cullen
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,Apollo Biologics Consulting, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rene de Waal Malefyt
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,Synthekine, Inc., Menlo Park, California
| | - Robert A Kastelein
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,Synthekine, Inc., Menlo Park, California
| | | | - Julie Lee
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Sophie Li
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | - Hans van Eenennaam
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,AIMM Therapeutics B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ying Yu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Michel Streuli
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,Pionyr Immunotherapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Gregory J Carven
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,Scholar Rock, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea van Elsas
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey.,Aduro Biotech, Inc., Berkeley, California
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