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Shi J, Zhang M, Hu Y, Liu J, Li K, Sun X, Chen S, Liu J, Ye L, Fan J, Jia J. Differences in transcriptome characteristics and drug repositioning of Alzheimer's disease according to sex. Neurobiol Dis 2025; 210:106909. [PMID: 40220916 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown significant sex differences in AD with regarding its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment response. However, the transcriptome variances associated with sex in AD remain unclear. METHODS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcriptomic analyses were performed on peripheral blood samples from total of 54 patients, including male AD patients (n = 15), female AD patients (n = 10), male MCI patients (n = 7), female MCI patients (n = 11), male healthy controls (n = 6), female healthy controls (n = 5). The snRNA-seq dataset (GSE167494, GSE157827) of prefrontal cortex tissues was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We conducted an investigation into differentially expressed genes and pathways in the peripheral blood cells as well as prefrontal cortex tissues of both male and female AD patients with consideration to sex-related factors. Additionally, we analyzed the distribution and characteristics of cells in the cerebral cortex as well as the interaction and communication between cells of male and female AD patients. Connectivity Map (CMap) was utilized for predicting and screening potential sex-specific drugs for AD. RESULTS The transcriptome profile and associated biological processes in the peripheral blood of male and female AD and MCI patients exhibit discernible differences, including upregulation of BASP1 in AD male patients and arousing TNS1 in AD female patients. The distribution of various cell types in the prefrontal cortex tissues differs between male and female AD patients, like neuron and oligodendrocyte decreased and endothelial cell and astrocyte increased in female compared with male, while a multitude of genes exhibit significant differential expression. The results of cell communication analysis, such as collagen signaling pathway, suggest that sex disparities impact intercellular interactions within prefrontal cortex tissues among individuals with AD. By drug repositioning, several drugs, including torin-2 and YM-298198, might have the potential to therapeutic value of MCI or AD, while drugs like homoharringtonine and teniposide have potential opposite effects in different sexes. CONCLUSION The characteristics of the transcriptome in peripheral blood and single-cell transcriptome in the prefrontal cortex exhibit significant differences between male and female patients with AD, which providing a basis for future sex stratified treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Shi
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yazhuo Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke Li
- Geriatric Neurological Department of the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Geriatric Neurological Department of the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Geriatric Neurological Department of the Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiao Fan
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jianjun Jia
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Wang S, Luo G, Sun G, Zhang M, Qin Y, Lu J, Xu H, Li Z. A polymorphism in the BIN1 gene influences its expression and is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease: An integrated analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2025; 105:197-204. [PMID: 40138448 DOI: 10.1177/13872877251326273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
BackgroundThe correlation between rs7561528 and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported with varying results, and the potential mechanism of rs7561528 in influencing AD risk remains unexplored.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the impact of rs7561528 on AD risk and to investigate its potential mechanism.MethodsThis study initially synthesized previously published data to investigate the correlation between rs7561528 and AD risk. Subsequently, an expression quantitative trait loci analysis was conducted to determine whether rs7561528 modulates the expression of BIN1 in human brain tissue.ResultsOur findings revealed that the rs7561528A allele notably escalates the risk of AD in the Caucasian population (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07-1.28, I² = 33.5%). Similarly, the rs7561528AG genotype also significantly heightens the risk of AD in the same population (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.31, I² = 21.7%). Further analysis demonstrated that the combined rs7561528AA + AG genotype substantially amplifies the risk of AD in the Caucasian population (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08-1.36, I² = 30.0%). Ultimately, we discovered that rs7561528 modulates the expression of BIN1 in human brain tissue.Conclusionsrs7561528 could potentially affect the risk of AD by regulating the expression levels of BIN1 in human brain tissue. This discovery enhances our understanding of novel mechanisms through which rs7561528 may contribute to AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshuai Luo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyou Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Dourlen P, Kilinc D, Landrieu I, Chapuis J, Lambert JC. BIN1 and Alzheimer's disease: the tau connection. Trends Neurosci 2025; 48:349-361. [PMID: 40268578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2025.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that plays a critical role in endocytosis, trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics. In 2010, BIN1 gene was reported as a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which shifted the focus on its physiological and pathophysiological roles in the brain (at a time when data available were scarce). In this review, we discuss the multiple cerebral roles of BIN1, especially in regulating synaptic function, and the strong link between BIN1 and tau pathology, supported by recent evidence ranging from genetic and clinical/postmortem observations to molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France; CNRS EMR9002-BSI-Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
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Ziar R, Tesar PJ, Clayton BLL. Astrocyte and oligodendrocyte pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2025; 22:e00540. [PMID: 39939240 PMCID: PMC12047399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, once considered passive support cells, are now recognized as active participants in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role that these glial cells play in the pathological features of Alzheimer's, including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction, and myelin degeneration, which contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Here, we review the current understanding of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte pathology in Alzheimer's disease and highlight research that supports the therapeutic potential of modulating astrocyte and oligodendrocyte functions to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ziar
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Benjamin L L Clayton
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Ashwini P, Subhash B, Amol M, Kumar D, Atmaram P, Ravindra K. Comprehensive investigation of multiple targets in the development of newer drugs for the Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2025; 15:1281-1310. [PMID: 40370532 PMCID: PMC12069117 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a significant contributor to dementia, is rapidly becoming a serious healthcare concern in the 21st century. The alarming number of patients with Alzheimer's disease is steadily increasing, which is contributed by the dearth of treatment options. The current treatment for Alzheimer's disease is heavily dependent on symptomatic treatment that has failed to cure the disease despite huge investments in the development of drugs. The clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease with limited drugs is generally targeted towards the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and acetylcholine esterase, which only elevate cognition levels for a limited period. Beyond the aforementioned molecular targets, β-amyloid was much explored with little success and thus created a feel and palpable growing emphasis on discovering new putative and novel targets for AD. This has inspired medicinal chemists to explore new targets, including microglia, triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem-2), and notum carboxylesterase, to discover new lead compounds. This review explores the functions, pathophysiological roles, and importance of all AD-related targets that address therapeutic and preventive approaches for the treatment and protection of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Ashwini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BVDU’S Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bodhankar Subhash
- Department of Pharmacology, BVDU’S Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muthal Amol
- Department of Pharmacology, BVDU’S Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BVDU’S Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pawar Atmaram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, BVDU’S Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kulkarni Ravindra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BVDU’S Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India
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Luo J, Ping J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Kong C, Liu X. Exploring the association between BIN1 gene polymorphisms and hippocampal subfield volume in community mild cognitive impairment. Front Neurol 2025; 16:1525664. [PMID: 40012995 PMCID: PMC11864292 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1525664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), crucial for early diagnosis. BIN1, a key AD susceptibility gene after APOE, has higher brain expression in AD and interacts with tau, affecting its pathology. Specific BIN1 SNPs are linked to AD and MCI, but mechanisms are unclear. This study will explore how BIN1 polymorphisms might influence MCI development and correlate with hippocampal integrity in MCI patients using MRI. Methods This study enrolled a total of 52 elderly individuals with MCI and 55 cognitively CN individuals from five communities in Zhongshan Torch Development Zone. Blood samples were collected for analysis of BIN1 rs10200967, rs1060743, and rs4663093 gene polymorphisms, and MRI scans were conducted to assess the volume of hippocampal subregions. The study also seeks to examine the distribution of BIN1 genotypes in both MCI and healthy control populations, as well as to investigate the potential association between BIN1 rs10200967, rs1060743, and rs4663093 genotypes and hippocampal subregion structure in individuals with MCI. Results Significant structural atrophy was observed in multiple hippocampal subregions, including left cornu ammonis (lCA), left dentate gyrus (lDG), left hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (lHATA), left subiculum (lSubc), right ornu ammonis (rCA), right dentate gyrus (rDG), right subiculum (rSubc), left entire hippocampus complex (lHIP), and right entire hippocampus complex (rHIP) in seniors with MCI compared to those in the CN (p < 0.05), after adjusting for age, gender, education level, and APOEε4 status. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in left entorhinal cortex (lEC), right entorhinal cortex (rEC), right hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (rHATA), and total intracranial volume (TIV) (p > 0.05). Notably, there were no significant differences in the distribution of BIN1 rs10200967, rs1060743, and rs4663093 genotypes among elderly individuals (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the association between the BIN1 rs10200967 genotype and lHATA atrophy significant in the MCI after adjusting for age, gender, education level, APOEε4 status, and TIV (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study presents novel findings indicating an association between the BIN1 rs10200967 genotype and lHATA atrophy, with the rs10200967 CC genotype showing a higher volume of lHATA in individuals with MCI. These results suggest that the rs10200967 CC genotype may confer a protective effect against MCI, offering a potential basis for early detection and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
| | - Junjiao Ping
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhenkun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
| | - Chuijia Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xinxia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, China
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Chen M, Cui H, Zhang X, Ma S, Guo J, Liu Z, Gu D, Fan Y. Super-Enhancer Protects Cells From Toxicity of C9orf72 Poly(proline-arginine) by Inducing the Expression of KPNA2/KPNB1. Cell Biochem Funct 2025; 43:e70053. [PMID: 39891383 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.70053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 are the most common genetic mutation associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9-ALS/FTD). Dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, such as poly(proline-arginine) (polyPR) generated from G4C2 repeat expansions, have been shown to be highly toxic. In this study, PR20 was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to track its cellular localization. Several cell lines demonstrated survival under PR20 treatment by sequestering PR20 in the cytoplasm. Treatment with JQ-1 or Ivermectin (Iver) translocated PR20 into the nucleus, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, KPNA2/KPNB1 interacted with PR20 in the cytoplasm and hindered PR20 from entering the cell nucleus. Genetic silencing of KPNA2/KPNB1 converted PR20-resistant cells into PR20-sensitive cells. Treatment with JQ1 significantly reduced the protein levels of KPNA2/KPNB1, allowing PR20 to enter the nucleus. Overexpression of KPNA2 or KPNB1 effectively blocked cell death induced by co-treatment with JQ-1 and PR20. Our results indicate that super-enhancers shield cells from PR20 toxicity by upregulating the expression of KPNA2/KPNB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Henglu Cui
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuyan Ma
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinjing Guo
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhaoxiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Donghua Gu
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Krishnamurthy HK, Jayaraman V, Krishna K, Wang T, Bei K, Changalath C, Rajasekaran JJ. An overview of the genes and biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2025; 104:102599. [PMID: 39612989 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and neurodegenerative disease characterized by neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid plaque. Familial AD is caused by mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes and these mutations result in the early onset of the disease. Sporadic AD usually affects older adults over the age of 65 years and is, therefore classified as late-onset AD (LOAD). Several risk factors associated with LOAD including the APOE gene have been identified. Moreover, GWAS studies have identified a wide array of genes and polymorphisms that are associated with LOAD risk. Currently, the diagnosis of AD involves the evaluation of memory and personality changes, cognitive impairment, and medical and family history to rule out other diseases. Laboratory tests to assess the biomarkers in the body fluids as well as MRI, CT, and PET scans to analyze the presence of plaques and NFTs are also included in the diagnosis of AD. It is important to diagnose AD before the onset of clinical symptoms, i.e. during the preclinical stage, to delay the progression and for better management of the disease. Research has been conducted to identify biomarkers of AD in the CSF, serum, saliva, and urine during the preclinical stage. Current research has identified several biomarkers and potential biomarkers in the body fluids that enhance diagnostic accuracy. Aside from genetics, other factors such as diet, physical activity, and lifestyle factors may influence the risk of developing AD. Clinical trials are underway to find potential biomarkers, diagnostic measures, and treatments for AD mainly in the preclinical stage. This review provides an overview of the genes and biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karthik Krishna
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States of America.
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States of America.
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States of America.
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Zheng Q, Wang X. Alzheimer's disease: insights into pathology, molecular mechanisms, and therapy. Protein Cell 2025; 16:83-120. [PMID: 38733347 PMCID: PMC11786724 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. This condition casts a significant shadow on global health due to its complex and multifactorial nature. In addition to genetic predispositions, the development of AD is influenced by a myriad of risk factors, including aging, systemic inflammation, chronic health conditions, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. Recent advancements in understanding the complex pathophysiology of AD are paving the way for enhanced diagnostic techniques, improved risk assessment, and potentially effective prevention strategies. These discoveries are crucial in the quest to unravel the complexities of AD, offering a beacon of hope for improved management and treatment options for the millions affected by this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zheng
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Jin Y, Topaloudi A, Shekhar S, Chen G, Scott AN, Colon BD, Drineas P, Rochet C, Paschou P. Neuropathology-based approach reveals novel Alzheimer's Disease genes and highlights female-specific pathways and causal links to disrupted lipid metabolism: insights into a vicious cycle. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2025; 13:1. [PMID: 39755674 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Dementia refers to an umbrella phenotype of many different underlying pathologies with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most common type. Neuropathological examination remains the gold standard for accurate AD diagnosis, however, most that we know about AD genetics is based on Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of clinically defined AD. Such studies have identified multiple AD susceptibility variants with a significant portion of the heritability unexplained and highlighting the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of the clinically defined entity. Furthermore, despite women's increased susceptibility to dementia, there is a lack of sex-specific genetic studies and understanding of sex-specific background for the disorder. Here, we aim to tackle the heterogeneity of AD by specifically concentrating on neuropathological features and pursuing sex-specific analysis. We bring together 14 different genomic and neuropathology datasets (6960 individuals) and we integrate our GWAS findings with transcriptomic and phenotypic data aiming to also identify biomarkers for AD progression. We uncover novel genetic associations to AD neuropathology, including BIN1 and OPCML. Our sex-specific analysis points to a role for BIN1 specifically in women as well as novel AD loci including QRFPR and SGCZ. Post-GWAS analyses illuminate the functional and biological mechanisms underlying AD and reveal sex-specific differences. Finally, through PheWAS and Mendelian Randomization analysis, we identify causal links with AD neuropathology pointing to disrupted lipid metabolism, as well as impaired peripheral immune response and liver dysfunction as part of a vicious cycle that fuels neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Apostolia Topaloudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Shekhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alicia Nicole Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryce David Colon
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Petros Drineas
- Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chris Rochet
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Nazarian A, Morado M, Kulminski AM. Complex genetic interactions affect susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease risk in the BIN1 and MS4A6A loci. GeroScience 2025:10.1007/s11357-024-01477-6. [PMID: 39751715 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Genetics is the second strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) after age. More than 70 loci have been implicated in AD susceptibility so far, and the genetic architecture of AD entails both additive and nonadditive contributions from these loci. To better understand nonadditive impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on AD risk, we examined individual, joint, and interacting (SNPxSNP) effects of 139 and 66 SNPs mapped to the BIN1 and MS4A6A AD-associated loci, respectively. The analyses were conducted by fitting three respective dominant allelic-effect models using data from four independent studies. Joint effects were analyzed by considering pairwise combinations of genotypes of the selected SNPs, i.e., compound genotypes (CompG). The individual SNP analyses showed associations of 18 BIN1 SNPs and 4 MS4A6A SNPs with AD. We identified 589 BIN1 and 217 MS4A6A SNP pairs associated with AD in the CompG analysis, although their individual SNPs were not linked to AD independently. Notably, 34 BIN1 and 10 MS4A6A SNP pairs exhibited both significant SNPxSNP interaction effects and significant CompG effects. The vast majority of nonadditive effects were captured through the CompG analysis. These results expand the current understanding of the contributions of the BIN1 and MS4A6A loci to AD susceptibility. The identified nonadditive effects suggest a significant genetic modulation mechanism underlying the genetic heterogeneity of AD in these loci. Our findings highlight the importance of considering nonadditive genetic impacts on AD risk beyond the traditional SNPxSNP approximation, as they may uncover critical mechanisms not apparent when examining SNPs individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nazarian
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - Marissa Morado
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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12
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Verma S, Paliwal S, Paramanick D, Narayan CV, Saini M. Connecting the Dots: Gender, Sexuality, and Societal Influences on Cognitive Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Aging Sci 2025; 18:14-28. [PMID: 38899350 DOI: 10.2174/0118746098299754240530111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has many etiologies and the impact of gender on AD changes throughout time. As a consequence of advancements in precision medical procedures and methodology, Alzheimer's disease is now better understood and treated. Several risk factors may be addressed to lower one's chances of developing Alzheimer's disease or associated dementia (ADRD). The presence of amyloid-α protein senile plaques, intracellular tau protein neurofibrillary tangles (NfTs), neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) characterizes Alzheimer's disease. NPS is common in persons with Alzheimer's disease dementia, although its presentation varies widely. Gender differences might explain this clinical variability. The fundamental goal of this review is to 1) emphasize the function of old age, sex, and gender in the development of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and ADRD, and 2) explain the importance of sexual hormones, education, and APOE (Apolipoprotein E) status. This is a narrative summary of new ideas and concepts on the differences in the chance of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease between men and women. A more thorough examination of risk and protective variables in both men and women might hasten research into the epidemiology of neurological illnesses such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, future preventive efforts should target men and women separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, ITS College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Debashish Paramanick
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, KR Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | | | - Manasvi Saini
- Department of Pharmacy, ITS College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
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13
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Jin Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Chen T, Shi H, Sun H, Ding S, Chen S, Cao H, Zhang G, Li Q, Gao J, Xiao M, Sheng C. BIN1 deficiency enhances ULK3-dependent autophagic flux and reduces dendritic size in mouse hippocampal neurons. Autophagy 2025; 21:223-242. [PMID: 39171951 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2393932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified variants around the BIN1 (bridging integrator 1) gene locus as prominent risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer disease. In the present study, we decreased the expression of BIN1 in mouse hippocampal neurons to investigate its neuronal function. Bin1 knockdown via RNAi reduced the dendritic arbor size in primary cultured hippocampal neurons as well as in mature Cornu Ammonis 1 excitatory neurons. The AAV-mediated Bin1 RNAi knockdown also generated a significant regional volume loss around the injection sites at the organ level, as revealed by 7-Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging, and an impaired spatial reference memory performance in the Barnes maze test. Unexpectedly, Bin1 knockdown led to concurrent activation of both macroautophagy/autophagy and MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1). Autophagy inhibition with the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine effectively mitigated the Bin1 knockdown-induced dendritic regression. The subsequent molecular studydemonstrated that increased expression of ULK3 (unc-51 like kinase 3), which is MTOR-insensitive, supported autophagosome formation in BIN1 deficiency. Reducing ULK3 activity with SU6668, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or decreasing neuronal ULK3 expression through AAV-mediated RNAi, significantly attenuated Bin1 knockdown-induced hippocampal volume loss and spatial memory decline. In Alzheimer disease patients, the major neuronal isoform of BIN1 is specifically reduced. Our work suggests this reduction is probably an important molecular event that increases the autophagy level, which might subsequently promote brain atrophy and cognitive impairment through reducing dendritic structures, and ULK3 is a potential interventional target for relieving these detrimental effects.Abbreviations: AV: adeno-associated virus; Aβ: amyloid-β; ACTB: actin, beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; Aduk: Another Drosophila Unc-51-like kinase; AKT1: thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AP: autophagosome; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BDNF: brain derived neurotrophic factor; BIN1: bridging integrator 1; BIN1-iso1: BIN1, isoform 1; CA1: cornu Ammonis 1; CA3: cornu Ammonis 3; CLAP: clathrin and adapter binding; CQ: chloroquine; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GWAS: genome-wide association study; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MTOR; mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; PET: positron emission tomography; qRT-PCR: real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; ULK3: unc-51 like kinase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tingzhen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huili Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaiqing Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guannan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junying Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Wang X, Yang H, Zhan D, Sun H, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wei G, Hua F, Liu L, Chen S. Novel targets for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease in the European population, inspiration from amyloid beta and tau protein. Heliyon 2024; 10:e39013. [PMID: 39492919 PMCID: PMC11531621 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual neurodegenerative ailment that lacks any disease-modifying intervention. Our objective was to pinpoint pharmacological targets with a focus on amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau to treat and prevent AD in the European population. A proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out to estimate the associations between proteins and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ-42 and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau). We utilized colocalization and MR analysis to investigate whether the identified proteins were associated with the risk of AD. Additionally, we expanded our investigation to include non-AD phenotypes by conducting a phenome-wide MR analysis of 1646 disease traits based on the FinnGen and UK Biobank databases to explore potential side effects. We identified 11 proteins that were genetically associated with both CSF Aβ-42 and p-Tau levels. The genetically predicted levels of three proteins, GAL3ST2, POLR1C, and BIN1, were found to be associated with an increased risk of AD with high colocalization. In the phenome-wide MR analysis, two out of the three biomarkers were associated with at least one disease, except for GAL3ST2, which was not associated with any disease under the threshold of FDR <0.1. POLR1C was found to be associated with the most disease traits, and all disease associations with genetically inhibited BIN1 were protective. The proteome-wide MR investigation revealed 11 proteins that were associated with the level of CSF Aβ-42 and p-Tau. Among them, GAL3ST2, POLR1C, and BIN1 were identified as potential therapeutic targets for AD and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, 17# Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Department of Neuroscience, Tat Chee Avenue City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong City, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Nanchang Medical College, 330052, 689# Huiren Big Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Dengcheng Zhan
- Department of Neuroscience, Tat Chee Avenue City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong City, PR China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiujiang Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 332001, 61# Gansang South Road, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, 17# Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Shibiao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, 17# Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 330006, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
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15
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Choi JH, Lee J, Kang U, Chang H, Cho KH. Network dynamics-based subtyping of Alzheimer's disease with microglial genetic risk factors. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:229. [PMID: 39415193 PMCID: PMC11481771 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of microglia as a target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment is promising, yet the clinical and pathological diversity within microglia, driven by genetic factors, poses a significant challenge. Subtyping AD is imperative to enable precise and effective treatment strategies. However, existing subtyping methods fail to comprehensively address the intricate complexities of AD pathogenesis, particularly concerning genetic risk factors. To address this gap, we have employed systems biology approaches for AD subtyping and identified potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We constructed patient-specific microglial molecular regulatory network models by utilizing existing literature and single-cell RNA sequencing data. The combination of large-scale computer simulations and dynamic network analysis enabled us to subtype AD patients according to their distinct molecular regulatory mechanisms. For each identified subtype, we suggested optimal targets for effective AD treatment. RESULTS To investigate heterogeneity in AD and identify potential therapeutic targets, we constructed a microglia molecular regulatory network model. The network model incorporated 20 known risk factors and crucial signaling pathways associated with microglial functionality, such as inflammation, anti-inflammation, phagocytosis, and autophagy. Probabilistic simulations with patient-specific genomic data and subsequent dynamics analysis revealed nine distinct AD subtypes characterized by core feedback mechanisms involving SPI1, CASS4, and MEF2C. Moreover, we identified PICALM, MEF2C, and LAT2 as common therapeutic targets among several subtypes. Furthermore, we clarified the reasons for the previous contradictory experimental results that suggested both the activation and inhibition of AKT or INPP5D could activate AD through dynamic analysis. This highlights the multifaceted nature of microglial network regulation. CONCLUSIONS These results offer a means to classify AD patients by their genetic risk factors, clarify inconsistent experimental findings, and advance the development of treatments tailored to individual genotypes for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyuk Choi
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Uiryong Kang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Chang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Sarnowski C, Ma J, Nguyen NQH, Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM, Coresh J, Morrison AC, Chatterjee N, Boerwinkle E, Yu B. Ancestrally diverse genome-wide association analysis highlights ancestry-specific differences in genetic regulation of plasma protein levels. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.27.24314500. [PMID: 39399032 PMCID: PMC11469718 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.27.24314500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Fully characterizing the genetic architecture of circulating proteins in multi-ancestry populations provides an unprecedented opportunity to gain insights into the etiology of complex diseases. We characterized and contrasted the genetic associations of plasma proteomes in 9,455 participants of European and African (19.8%) ancestry from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Of 4,651 proteins, 1,408 and 2,565 proteins had protein-quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) identified in African and European ancestry respectively, and twelve unreported potentially causal protein-disease relationships were identified. Shared pQTLs across the two ancestries were detected in 1,113 aptamer-region pairs pQTLs, where 53 of them were not previously reported (all trans pQTLs). Sixteen unique protein-cardiovascular trait pairs were colocalized in both European and African ancestry with the same candidate causal variants. Our systematic cross-ancestry comparison provided a reliable set of pQTLs, highlighted the shared and distinct genetic architecture of proteome in two ancestries, and demonstrated possible biological mechanisms underlying complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Ngoc Quynh H. Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Josef Coresh
- Optimal Aging Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX
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17
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Bond ML, Quiroga-Barber IY, D’Costa S, Wu Y, Bell JL, McAfee JC, Kramer NE, Lee S, Patrucco M, Phanstiel DH, Won H. Deciphering the functional impact of Alzheimer's Disease-associated variants in resting and proinflammatory immune cells. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.13.24313654. [PMID: 39371155 PMCID: PMC11451667 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.13.24313654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified loci associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but identifying the exact causal variants and genes at each locus is challenging due to linkage disequilibrium and their largely non-coding nature. To address this, we performed a massively parallel reporter assay of 3,576 AD-associated variants in THP-1 macrophages in both resting and proinflammatory states and identified 47 expression-modulating variants (emVars). To understand the endogenous chromatin context of emVars, we built an activity-by-contact model using epigenomic maps of macrophage inflammation and inferred condition-specific enhancer-promoter pairs. Intersection of emVars with enhancer-promoter pairs and microglia expression quantitative trait loci allowed us to connect 39 emVars to 76 putative AD risk genes enriched for AD-associated molecular signatures. Overall, systematic characterization of AD-associated variants enhances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle L. Bond
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Susan D’Costa
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Yijia Wu
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jessica L. Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jessica C. McAfee
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nicole E. Kramer
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Sool Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mary Patrucco
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Douglas H. Phanstiel
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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18
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Saha O, Melo de Farias AR, Pelletier A, Siedlecki-Wullich D, Landeira BS, Gadaut J, Carrier A, Vreulx AC, Guyot K, Shen Y, Bonnefond A, Amouyel P, Tcw J, Kilinc D, Queiroz CM, Delahaye F, Lambert JC, Costa MR. The Alzheimer's disease risk gene BIN1 regulates activity-dependent gene expression in human-induced glutamatergic neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2634-2646. [PMID: 38514804 PMCID: PMC11420064 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) is the second most important Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene, but its physiological roles in neurons and its contribution to brain pathology remain largely elusive. In this work, we show that BIN1 plays a critical role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, electrical activity, and gene expression of glutamatergic neurons. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing on cerebral organoids generated from isogenic BIN1 wild type (WT), heterozygous (HET) and homozygous knockout (KO) human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we show that BIN1 is mainly expressed by oligodendrocytes and glutamatergic neurons, like in the human brain. Both BIN1 HET and KO cerebral organoids show specific transcriptional alterations, mainly associated with ion transport and synapses in glutamatergic neurons. We then demonstrate that BIN1 cell-autonomously regulates gene expression in glutamatergic neurons by using a novel protocol to generate pure culture of hiPSC-derived induced neurons (hiNs). Using this system, we also show that BIN1 plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal calcium transients and electrical activity via its interaction with the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2. BIN1 KO hiNs show reduced activity-dependent internalization and higher Cav1.2 expression compared to WT hiNs. Pharmacological blocking of this channel with clinically relevant doses of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, partly rescues electrical and gene expression alterations in BIN1 KO glutamatergic neurons. Further, we show that transcriptional alterations in BIN1 KO hiNs that affect biological processes related to calcium homeostasis are also present in glutamatergic neurons of the human brain at late stages of AD pathology. Together, these findings suggest that BIN1-dependent alterations in neuronal properties could contribute to AD pathophysiology and that treatment with low doses of clinically approved calcium blockers should be considered as an option to slow disease-onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orthis Saha
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Ana Raquel Melo de Farias
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Campus Universitário, Lagoa, Nova, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pelletier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille, Cedex, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dolores Siedlecki-Wullich
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Bruna Soares Landeira
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Johanna Gadaut
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Carrier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille, Cedex, France
| | - Anaïs-Camille Vreulx
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amelie Bonnefond
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille, Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Julia Tcw
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Claudio Marcos Queiroz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Campus Universitário, Lagoa, Nova, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - Fabien Delahaye
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France.
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Campus Universitário, Lagoa, Nova, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil.
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19
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Tsintzas E, Niccoli T. Using Drosophila amyloid toxicity models to study Alzheimer's disease. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:349-363. [PMID: 38517001 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterised by a progressive loss of neurons, which manifests as gradual memory decline, followed by cognitive loss. Despite the significant progress in identifying novel biomarkers and understanding the prodromal pathology and symptomatology, AD remains a significant unmet clinical need. Lecanemab and aducanumab, the only Food and Drug Administration approved drugs to exhibit some disease-modifying clinical efficacy, target Aβ amyloid, underscoring the importance of this protein in disease aetiology. Nevertheless, in the absence of a definitive cure, the utilisation of preclinical models remains imperative for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the evaluation of potential therapeutic agents. Drosophila melanogaster is a model system that can be used as a research tool to investigate neurodegeneration and therapeutic interventions. The short lifespan, low price and ease of husbandry/rearing make Drosophila an advantageous model organism from a practical perspective. However, it is the highly conserved genome and similarity of Drosophila and human neurobiology which make flies a powerful tool to investigate neurodegenerative mechanisms. In addition, the ease of transgenic modifications allows for early proof of principle studies for future therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative research. This mini review will specifically focus on utilising Drosophila as an in vivo model of amyloid toxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Tsintzas
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Niccoli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Kolahchi Z, Henkel N, Eladawi MA, Villarreal EC, Kandimalla P, Lundh A, McCullumsmith RE, Cuevas E. Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic, Hormonal, and Inflammation Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8485. [PMID: 39126053 PMCID: PMC11313277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer's disease are women, indicating a profound variance between the sexes. Variances exist between the sexes in the age and intensity of the presentation, cognitive deficits, neuroinflammatory factors, structural and functional brain changes, as well as psychosocial and cultural circumstances. Herein, we summarize the existing evidence for sexual dimorphism and present the available evidence for these distinctions. Understanding these complexities is critical to developing personalized interventions for the prevention, care, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kolahchi
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Z.K.); (E.C.V.)
| | - Nicholas Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Mahmoud A. Eladawi
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Emma C. Villarreal
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Z.K.); (E.C.V.)
| | - Prathik Kandimalla
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Anna Lundh
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
- ProMedica Neurosciences Center, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Elvis Cuevas
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Z.K.); (E.C.V.)
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21
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Altmann A, Aksman LM, Oxtoby NP, Young AL, Alexander DC, Barkhof F, Shoai M, Hardy J, Schott JM. Towards cascading genetic risk in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2024; 147:2680-2690. [PMID: 38820112 PMCID: PMC11292901 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease typically progresses in stages, which have been defined by the presence of disease-specific biomarkers: amyloid (A), tau (T) and neurodegeneration (N). This progression of biomarkers has been condensed into the ATN framework, in which each of the biomarkers can be either positive (+) or negative (-). Over the past decades, genome-wide association studies have implicated ∼90 different loci involved with the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigate whether genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease contributes equally to the progression in different disease stages or whether it exhibits a stage-dependent effect. Amyloid (A) and tau (T) status was defined using a combination of available PET and CSF biomarkers in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort. In 312 participants with biomarker-confirmed A-T- status, we used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the contribution of APOE and polygenic risk scores (beyond APOE) to convert to A+T- status (65 conversions). Furthermore, we repeated the analysis in 290 participants with A+T- status and investigated the genetic contribution to conversion to A+T+ (45 conversions). Both survival analyses were adjusted for age, sex and years of education. For progression from A-T- to A+T-, APOE-e4 burden showed a significant effect [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.70-4.89; P < 0.001], whereas polygenic risk did not (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.84-1.42; P = 0.53). Conversely, for the transition from A+T- to A+T+, the contribution of APOE-e4 burden was reduced (HR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.05-2.51; P = 0.031), whereas the polygenic risk showed an increased contribution (HR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.27-2.36; P < 0.001). The marginal APOE effect was driven by e4 homozygotes (HR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.05-6.35; P = 0.039) as opposed to e4 heterozygotes (HR = 1.74; 95% CI: 0.87-3.49; P = 0.12). The genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease unfolds in a disease stage-dependent fashion. A better understanding of the interplay between disease stage and genetic risk can lead to a more mechanistic understanding of the transition between ATN stages and a better understanding of the molecular processes leading to Alzheimer's disease, in addition to opening therapeutic windows for targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Altmann
- UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leon M Aksman
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Neil P Oxtoby
- UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexandra L Young
- UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel C Alexander
- UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Shoai
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John Hardy
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
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22
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Shastri D, Raj V, Lee S. Revolutionizing Alzheimer's treatment: Harnessing human serum albumin for targeted drug delivery and therapy advancements. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102379. [PMID: 38901740 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, leading to impaired cognitive function. Several delivery approaches have been improved for AD management. Among them, human serum albumin (HSA) is broadly employed for drug delivery and targeting the Aβ in AD owing to its biocompatibility, Aβ inhibitory effect, and nanoform, which showed blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability via glycoprotein 60 (gp60) receptor and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein to transfer the drug molecules in the brain. Thus far, there is no previous review focusing on HSA and its drug delivery system in AD. Hence, the reviewed article aimed to critically compile the HSA therapeutic as well as drug delivery role in AD management. It also delivers information on how HSA-incorporated nanoparticles with surfaced embedded ligands such as TAT, GM1, and so on, not only improve BBB permeability but also increase neuron cell targetability in AD brain. Additionally, Aβ and tau pathology, including various metabolic markers likely BACE1 and BACE2, etc., are discussed. Besides, the molecular interaction of HSA with Aβ and its distinctive forms are critically reviewed that HSA can segregate Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from Aβ owing to high affinity. Furthermore, the BBB drug delivery challenges in AD are addressed. Finally, the clinical formulation of HSA for the management of AD is critically discussed on how the HSA inhibits Aβ oligomer and fibril, while glycated HSA participates in amyloid plaque formation, i.e., β-structure sheet formation. This review report provides theoretical background on HSA-based AD drug delivery and makes suggestions for future prospect-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shastri
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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23
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Dobrynina LA, Makarova AG, Shabalina AA, Burmak AG, Shlapakova PS, Shamtieva KV, Tsypushtanova MM, Kremneva EI, Zabitova MR, Filatov AS, Gnedovskaya EV. The Role of Changes in the Expression of Inflammation-Associated Genes in the Variants of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8113. [PMID: 39125683 PMCID: PMC11311284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common disease with a high social burden characterized by heterogeneity of forms and frequent comorbidity with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we identified two MRI types of CSVD with specific clinical presentation and, probably, different mechanisms. The present study included 34 patients with CSVD and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) of stage Fazekas (F) 3 (mean age 61.7 ± 8.9) and 11 volunteers (mean age 57.3 ± 9.7). Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. The expression of 58 protein-coding genes associated with CSVD and/or AD and 4 reference genes were assessed as part of the original panel for the NanoString nCounter analyzer. Testing results were validated by real-time PCR. There was a significant decrease in the expression levels of the ACOX1, CD33, CD2AP, TNFR1, and VEGFC genes in MRI type 2 relative to the control group as well as a decrease in the expression level of the CD33 gene in MRI type 2 compared to MRI type 1. Processes associated with inflammatory pathways with decreased expression of the identified genes are important in the development of MRI type 2 of CSVD. Given the direct connection of the established genes with AD, the importance of this form of CSVD in comorbidity with AD has been assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maryam R. Zabitova
- Research Center of Neurology, 80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.D.); (A.G.M.); (A.A.S.); (A.G.B.); (P.S.S.); (K.V.S.); (M.M.T.); (E.I.K.); (A.S.F.); (E.V.G.)
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24
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Guo S, Yang J. Bayesian genome-wide TWAS with reference transcriptomic data of brain and blood tissues identified 141 risk genes for Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:120. [PMID: 38824563 PMCID: PMC11144322 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is an influential tool for identifying genes associated with complex diseases whose genetic effects are likely mediated through transcriptome. TWAS utilizes reference genetic and transcriptomic data to estimate effect sizes of genetic variants on gene expression (i.e., effect sizes of a broad sense of expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL). These estimated effect sizes are employed as variant weights in gene-based association tests, facilitating the mapping of risk genes with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. However, most existing TWAS of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia are limited to studying only cis-eQTL proximal to the test gene. To overcome this limitation, we applied the Bayesian Genome-wide TWAS (BGW-TWAS) method to leveraging both cis- and trans- eQTL of brain and blood tissues, in order to enhance mapping risk genes for AD dementia. METHODS We first applied BGW-TWAS to the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) V8 dataset to estimate cis- and trans- eQTL effect sizes of the prefrontal cortex, cortex, and whole blood tissues. Estimated eQTL effect sizes were integrated with the summary data of the most recent GWAS of AD dementia to obtain BGW-TWAS (i.e., gene-based association test) p-values of AD dementia per gene per tissue type. Then we used the aggregated Cauchy association test to combine TWAS p-values across three tissues to obtain omnibus TWAS p-values per gene. RESULTS We identified 85 significant genes in prefrontal cortex, 82 in cortex, and 76 in whole blood that were significantly associated with AD dementia. By combining BGW-TWAS p-values across these three tissues, we obtained 141 significant risk genes including 34 genes primarily due to trans-eQTL and 35 mapped risk genes in GWAS Catalog. With these 141 significant risk genes, we detected functional clusters comprised of both known mapped GWAS risk genes of AD in GWAS Catalog and our identified TWAS risk genes by protein-protein interaction network analysis, as well as several enriched phenotypes related to AD. CONCLUSION We applied BGW-TWAS and aggregated Cauchy test methods to integrate both cis- and trans- eQTL data of brain and blood tissues with GWAS summary data, identifying 141 TWAS risk genes of AD dementia. These identified risk genes provide novel insights into the underlying biological mechanisms of AD dementia and potential gene targets for therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Guo
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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25
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Meshref M, Ghaith HS, Hammad MA, Shalaby MMM, Ayasra F, Monib FA, Attia MS, Ebada MA, Elsayed H, Shalash A, Bahbah EI. The Role of RIN3 Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: a Comprehensive Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3528-3544. [PMID: 37995081 PMCID: PMC11087354 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a globally prevalent form of dementia that impacts diverse populations and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and impairments in executive memory. Although the exact mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis remain unclear, it is commonly accepted that the aggregation of misfolded proteins, such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, plays a critical role. Additionally, AD is a multifactorial condition influenced by various genetic factors and can manifest as either early-onset AD (EOAD) or late-onset AD (LOAD), each associated with specific gene variants. One gene of particular interest in both EOAD and LOAD is RIN3, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This gene plays a multifaceted role in AD pathogenesis. Firstly, upregulation of RIN3 can result in endosomal enlargement and dysfunction, thereby facilitating the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Secondly, RIN3 has been shown to impact the PICLAM pathway, affecting transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. Lastly, RIN3 has implications for immune-mediated responses, notably through its influence on the PTK2B gene. This review aims to provide a concise overview of AD and delve into the role of the RIN3 gene in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Meshref
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Faris Ayasra
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Mohamed S Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Hanaa Elsayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali Shalash
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eshak I Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
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26
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Ravaioli F, Stagni F, Guidi S, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Silvani A, Zoccoli G, Bartesaghi R, Bacalini MG. Increased hippocampal epigenetic age in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down Syndrome. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1401109. [PMID: 38836050 PMCID: PMC11148439 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1401109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a segmental progeroid genetic disorder associated with multi-systemic precocious aging phenotypes, which are particularly evident in the immune and nervous systems. Accordingly, people with DS show an increased biological age as measured by epigenetic clocks. The Ts65Dn trisomic mouse, which harbors extra-numerary copies of chromosome 21 (Hsa21)-syntenic regions, was shown to recapitulate several progeroid features of DS, but no biomarkers of age have been applied to it so far. In this pilot study, we used a mouse-specific epigenetic clock to measure the epigenetic age of hippocampi from Ts65Dn and euploid mice at 20 weeks. Ts65Dn mice showed an increased epigenetic age in comparison with controls, and the observed changes in DNA methylation partially recapitulated those observed in hippocampi from people with DS. Collectively, our results support the use of the Ts65Dn model to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the progeroid DS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Silvani
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Prasanth MI, Sivamaruthi BS, Cheong CSY, Verma K, Tencomnao T, Brimson JM, Prasansuklab A. Role of Epigenetic Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications of Phytochemical Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:606. [PMID: 38790711 PMCID: PMC11118909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics defines changes in cell function without involving alterations in DNA sequence. Neuroepigenetics bridges neuroscience and epigenetics by regulating gene expression in the nervous system and its impact on brain function. With the increase in research in recent years, it was observed that alterations in the gene expression did not always originate from changes in the genetic sequence, which has led to understanding the role of epigenetics in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Epigenetic alterations contribute to the aberrant expression of genes involved in neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. Natural phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against NDDs because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models. For instance, resveratrol (grapes), curcumin (turmeric), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea) exhibit neuroprotective effects through their influence on DNA methylation patterns, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNA expression profiles. Phytochemicals also aid in slowing disease progression, preserving neuronal function, and enhancing cognitive and motor abilities. The present review focuses on various epigenetic modifications involved in the pathology of NDDs, including AD and PD, gene expression regulation related to epigenetic alterations, and the role of specific polyphenols in influencing epigenetic modifications in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Clerance Su Yee Cheong
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanika Verma
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - James Michael Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- Research, Innovation and International Affairs, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (C.S.Y.C.); (K.V.); (T.T.); (J.M.B.)
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Westhoff M, Del Villar SG, Voelker TL, Thai PN, Spooner HC, Costa AD, Sirish P, Chiamvimonvat N, Dickson EJ, Dixon RE. BIN1 knockdown rescues systolic dysfunction in aging male mouse hearts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3528. [PMID: 38664444 PMCID: PMC11045846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a hallmark of aging in humans and mice. Here we report that a two-week treatment to restore youthful Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) levels in the hearts of 24-month-old mice rejuvenates cardiac function and substantially reverses the aging phenotype. Our data indicate that age-associated overexpression of BIN1 occurs alongside dysregulated endosomal recycling and disrupted trafficking of cardiac CaV1.2 and type 2 ryanodine receptors. These deficiencies affect channel function at rest and their upregulation during acute stress. In vivo echocardiography reveals reduced systolic function in old mice. BIN1 knockdown using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 packaged shRNA-mBIN1 restores the nanoscale distribution and clustering plasticity of ryanodine receptors and recovers Ca2+ transient amplitudes and cardiac systolic function toward youthful levels. Enhanced systolic function correlates with increased phosphorylation of the myofilament protein cardiac myosin binding protein-C. These results reveal BIN1 knockdown as a novel therapeutic strategy to rejuvenate the aging myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Westhoff
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Silvia G Del Villar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Taylor L Voelker
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heather C Spooner
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre D Costa
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Jaye S, Sandau US, Saugstad JA. Clathrin mediated endocytosis in Alzheimer's disease: cell type specific involvement in amyloid beta pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1378576. [PMID: 38694257 PMCID: PMC11061891 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1378576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive examination of the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, emphasizing its impact across various cellular contexts beyond neuronal dysfunction. In neurons, dysregulated CME contributes to synaptic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) processing, and Tau pathology, highlighting its involvement in early AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, CME alterations extend to non-neuronal cell types, including astrocytes and microglia, which play crucial roles in Aβ clearance and neuroinflammation. Dysregulated CME in these cells underscores its broader implications in AD pathophysiology. Despite significant progress, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying CME dysregulation in AD and its therapeutic implications. Overall, understanding the complex interplay between CME and AD across diverse cell types holds promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Garcia‐Agudo LF, Shi Z, Smith IF, Kramár EA, Tran K, Kawauchi S, Wang S, Collins S, Walker A, Shi K, Neumann J, Liang HY, Da Cunha C, Milinkeviciute G, Morabito S, Miyoshi E, Rezaie N, Gomez‐Arboledas A, Arvilla AM, Ghaemi DI, Tenner AJ, LaFerla FM, Wood MA, Mortazavi A, Swarup V, MacGregor GR, Green KN. BIN1 K358R suppresses glial response to plaques in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2922-2942. [PMID: 38460121 PMCID: PMC11032570 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The BIN1 coding variant rs138047593 (K358R) is linked to Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) via targeted exome sequencing. METHODS To elucidate the functional consequences of this rare coding variant on brain amyloidosis and neuroinflammation, we generated BIN1K358R knock-in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These mice were subsequently bred with 5xFAD transgenic mice, which serve as a model for Alzheimer's pathology. RESULTS The presence of the BIN1K358R variant leads to increased cerebral amyloid deposition, with a dampened response of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but not microglia, at both the cellular and transcriptional levels. This correlates with decreased neurofilament light chain in both plasma and brain tissue. Synaptic densities are significantly increased in both wild-type and 5xFAD backgrounds homozygous for the BIN1K358R variant. DISCUSSION The BIN1 K358R variant modulates amyloid pathology in 5xFAD mice, attenuates the astrocytic and oligodendrocytic responses to amyloid plaques, decreases damage markers, and elevates synaptic densities. HIGHLIGHTS BIN1 rs138047593 (K358R) coding variant is associated with increased risk of LOAD. BIN1 K358R variant increases amyloid plaque load in 12-month-old 5xFAD mice. BIN1 K358R variant dampens astrocytic and oligodendrocytic response to plaques. BIN1 K358R variant decreases neuronal damage in 5xFAD mice. BIN1 K358R upregulates synaptic densities and modulates synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zechuan Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ian F. Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Enikö A. Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katelynn Tran
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shuling Wang
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sherilyn Collins
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amber Walker
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kai‐Xuan Shi
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonathan Neumann
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Heidi Yahan Liang
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Celia Da Cunha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Giedre Milinkeviciute
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emily Miyoshi
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Narges Rezaie
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Angela Gomez‐Arboledas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adrian Mendoza Arvilla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daryan Iman Ghaemi
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Molecular Biology & BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Frank M. LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marcelo A. Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Grant R. MacGregor
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kim N. Green
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Dallmeier JD, Gober R, Vontell RT, Barreda A, Dorfsman DA, Davis DA, Sun X, Brzostowicki D, Bennett I, Garamszegi SP, Wander CM, Cohen T, Scott WK. Corpora amylacea negatively correlate with hippocampal tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1286924. [PMID: 38486969 PMCID: PMC10937356 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1286924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severity and distribution of aggregated tau and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are strongly correlated with the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clearance of aggregated tau could decrease the rate of NFT formation and delay AD onset. Recent studies implicate corpora amylacea (CA) as a regulator of onset or accumulation of tau pathology. Normally, CA clear brain waste products by amassing cellular debris, which are then extruded into the cerebrospinal fluid to be phagocytosed. The proper functioning of CA may slow progression of AD-associated NFT pathology, and this relationship may be influenced by amount and distribution of phospho-tau (pTau) produced, age, sex, and genetic risk. Objective The goal of this study was to determine if CA size and number are associated with hippocampal location and local pTau severity while accounting for variations in age, sex, and genetic risk. Methods Postmortem brain hippocampal tissue sections from 40 AD and 38 unaffected donors were immunohistochemically stained with AT8 (pTau) and counter stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Stained sections of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus were analyzed. The percent area occupied (%AO) of CA, pTau, and NFT was calculated. Pairwise comparisons and regression modeling were used to analyze the influence of age, pTau %AO, and genetic risk on %AO by CA in each region, separately in donors with AD and unaffected donors. Results CA %AO was significantly higher in the CA3 region compared to CA1 in both groups. A significant negative correlation of CA %AO with both pTau %AO and neurofibrillary tangle %AO in the CA3 region of AD brain donors was found. Regression analysis in the CA3 region revealed a significant negative association between CA with both pTau and age. Conclusion We found an increase of CA in the CA3 region, compared to CA1 region, in AD and unaffected donors. This may suggest that the CA3 region is a hub for waste removal. Additionally, the negative correlation between %AO by CA and NFT in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in donors with AD suggests CA could play a role in AD pathologic progression by influencing tau clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Dallmeier
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Gober
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Regina T. Vontell
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ayled Barreda
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David A. Davis
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Brzostowicki
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Illiana Bennett
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Connor M. Wander
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Todd Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William K. Scott
- Brain Endowment Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Guo F, Tan MS, Hu H, Ou YN, Zhang MZ, Sheng ZH, Chi HC, Tan L. sTREM2 Mediates the Correlation Between BIN1 Gene Polymorphism and Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 101:693-704. [PMID: 39240638 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) gene polymorphism has been reported to play a role in the pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To explore the association of BIN1 loci with neuroinflammation and AD pathology. Methods Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 495) was the discovery cohort, and Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE, N = 619) study was used to replicate the results. Two BIN1 gene polymorphism (rs7561528 and rs744373) were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression model and causal mediation analysis conducted through 10,000 bootstrapped iterations were used to examine the BIN1 loci relationship with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and alternative biomarker of microglial activation microglia-soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2). Results In ADNI database, we found a significant association between BIN1 loci (rs7561528 and rs744373) and levels of CSF phosphorylated-tau (P-tau) (pc = 0.017; 0.010, respectively) and total-tau (T-tau) (pc = 0.011; 0.013, respectively). The BIN1 loci were also correlated with CSF sTREM2 levels (pc = 0.010; 0.008, respectively). Mediation analysis demonstrated that CSF sTREM2 partially mediated the association of BIN1 loci with P-tau (Proportion of rs7561528 : 20.8%; Proportion of rs744373 : 24.8%) and T-tau (Proportion of rs7561528 : 36.5%; Proportion of rs744373 : 43.9%). The analysis in CABLE study replicated the mediation role of rs7561528. Conclusions This study demonstrated the correlation between BIN1 loci and CSF AD biomarkers as well as microglia biomarkers. Additionally, the link between BIN1 loci and tau pathology was partially mediated by CSF sTREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming-Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ze-Hu Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao-Chen Chi
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Dourlen P. Identification of Tau Toxicity Modifiers in the Drosophila Eye. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2754:483-498. [PMID: 38512684 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3629-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila is a powerful model to study human diseases thanks to its genetic tools and ease of screening. Human genes can be expressed in targeted organs and their toxicity assessed on easily scorable external phenotypes that can be used as readouts to perform genetic screens of toxicity modifiers. In this chapter, I describe how to express human Tau protein in the Drosophila eye, assess protein expression by Western blot, assess Tau toxicity by quantifying the size of the Tau-induced rough eye, and perform a genetic screen of modifiers of Tau toxicity in the Drosophila eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
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Bhuiyan NZ, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Rahman A. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease through diet: An exploratory review. Metabol Open 2023; 20:100257. [PMID: 37781687 PMCID: PMC10539673 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This exploratory review article describes about the genetic factors behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), their association with foods, and their relationships with cognitive impairment. It explores the dietary patterns and economic challenges in AD prevention. Methods Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles that examined the relationships between Diets, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Socioeconomic conditions in preventative Alzheimer's disease studies. Graphs and Network analysis data were taken from Scopus under the MeSH search method, including words, Alzheimer's, APoE4, Tau protein, APP, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-Amyloid, Aβ, Mediterranean Diet, MD, DASH diet, MIND diet, SES, Socioeconomic, Developed country, Underdeveloped country, Preventions. The network analysis was done through VOS viewer. Results Mediterranean diet (MD) accurately lowers AD (Alzheimer's Disease) risk to 53% and 35% for people who follow it moderately. MIND scores had a statistically significant reduction in AD rate compared to those in the lowest tertial (53% and 35% reduction, respectively). Subjects with the highest adherence to the MD and DASH had a 54% and 39% lower risk of developing AD, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertial. Omega-6, PUFA, found in nuts and fish, can play most roles in the clearance of Aβ. Vitamin D inhibits induced fibrillar Aβ apoptosis. However, the high cost of these diet components rise doubt about the effectiveness of AD prevention through healthy diets. Conclusion The finding of this study revealed an association between diet and the effects of the chemical components of foods on AD biomarkers. More research is required to see if nutrition is a risk or a protective factor for Alzheimer's disease to encourage research to be translated into therapeutic practice and to clarify nutritional advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Zahan Bhuiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Kaur I, Behl T, Sundararajan G, Panneerselvam P, Vijayakumar AR, Senthilkumar GP, Venkatachalam T, Jaglan D, Yadav S, Anwer K, Fuloria NK, Sehgal A, Gulati M, Chigurupati S. BIN1 in the Pursuit of Ousting the Alzheimer's Reign: Impact on Amyloid and Tau Neuropathology. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:698-707. [PMID: 37847429 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease contributes to 60-70% of all dementia cases in the general population. Belonging to the BIN1/amphiphysin/RVS167 (BAR) superfamily, the bridging integrator (BIN1) has been identified to impact two major pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e., amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau accumulation. Aβ accumulation is found to increase by BIN1 knockdown in cortical neurons in late-onset AD, due to BACE1 accumulation at enlarged early endosomes. Two BIN1 mutants, KR and PL, were identified to exhibit Aβ accumulation. Furthermore, BIN1 deficiency by BIN1-related polymorphisms impairs the interaction with tau, thus elevating tau phosphorylation, altering synapse structure and tau function. Even though the precise role of BIN1 in the neuronal tissue needs further investigation, the authors aim to throw light on the potential of BIN1 and unfold its implications on tau and Aβ pathology, to aid AD researchers across the globe to examine BIN1, as an appropriate target gene for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Kaur
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, India.
| | - G Sundararajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Panneerselvam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A R Vijayakumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G P Senthilkumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Venkatachalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JKKMMRFs-Amnai JKK Sampoorani Ammal College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharmender Jaglan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapti Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, India
| | - Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 1444411, India
- Faculty of Health, ARCCIM, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 20227, Australia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India.
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yao J. Genome-wide association study in Alzheimer's disease: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1290657. [PMID: 38094504 PMCID: PMC10716290 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1290657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of research studies concerning genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been published in the last decades. However, a comprehensive understanding of the current research status and future development trends of GWAS in AD have not been clearly shown. In this study, we tried to gain a systematic overview of GWAS in AD by bibliometric and visualization analysis. METHODS The literature search terms are: ("genome-wide analysis" or "genome-wide association study" or "whole-genome analysis") AND ("Alzheimer's Disease" or "Alzheimer Disease"). Relevant publications were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Collected data were further analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and R package Bibliometrix. The countries, institutions, authors and scholar collaborations were investigated. The co-citation analysis of publications was visualized. In addition, research hotspots and fronts were examined. RESULTS A total of 1,350 publications with 59,818 citations were identified. The number of publications and citations presented a significant rising trend since 2013. The United States was the leading country with an overwhelming number of publications (775) and citations (42,237). The University of Washington and Harvard University were the most prolific institutions with 101 publications each. Bennett DA was the most influential researcher with the highest local H-index. Neurobiology of Aging was the journal with the highest number of publications. Aβ, tau, immunity, microglia and DNA methylation were research hotspots. Disease and causal variants were research fronts. CONCLUSION The most frequently studied AD pathogenesis and research hotspots are (1) Aβ and tau, (2) immunity and microglia, with TREM2 as a potential immunotherapy target, and (3) DNA methylation. The research fronts are (1) looking for genetic similarities between AD and other neurological diseases and syndromes, and (2) searching for causal variants of AD. These hotspots suggest noteworthy directions for future studies on AD pathogenesis and genetics, in which basic research regarding immunity is promising for clinical conversion. The current under-researched directions are (1) GWAS in AD biomarkers based on large sample sizes, (2) studies of causal variants of AD, and (3) GWAS in AD based on non-European populations, which need to be strengthened in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Vuic B, Milos T, Tudor L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Nedic Erjavec G, Farkas V, Uzun S, Mimica N, Svob Strac D. Pharmacogenomics of Dementia: Personalizing the Treatment of Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2048. [PMID: 38002991 PMCID: PMC10671071 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome of global and progressive deterioration of cognitive skills, especially memory, learning, abstract thinking, and orientation, usually affecting the elderly. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other (frontotemporal, Lewy body disease) dementias. The etiology of these multifactorial disorders involves complex interactions of various environmental and (epi)genetic factors and requires multiple forms of pharmacological intervention, including anti-dementia drugs for cognitive impairment, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and sedatives for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and other drugs for comorbid disorders. The pharmacotherapy of dementia patients has been characterized by a significant interindividual variability in drug response and the development of adverse drug effects. The therapeutic response to currently available drugs is partially effective in only some individuals, with side effects, drug interactions, intolerance, and non-compliance occurring in the majority of dementia patients. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of a patient's response to pharmacotherapy might help clinicians select the most effective treatment for dementia while minimizing the likelihood of adverse reactions and drug interactions. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics may contribute to the individualization and optimization of dementia pharmacotherapy by increasing its efficacy and safety via a prediction of clinical outcomes. Thus, it can significantly improve the quality of life in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vuic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Tina Milos
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
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Yang S, Chen D, Xie L, Zou X, Xiao Y, Rao L, Yao T, Zhang Q, Cai L, Huang F, Yang B, Huang L. Developmental dynamics of the single nucleus regulatory landscape of pig hippocampus. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2614-2628. [PMID: 37428306 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain region associated with memory, learning and spatial navigation, its aging-related dysfunction is a common sign of Alzheimer's disease. Pig is a good model for human neurodegenerative disease, but our understanding of the regulatory program of the pig hippocampus and its cross-species conservation in humans remains limited. Here, we profiled chromatin accessibility in 33,409 high-quality nuclei and gene expression in 8,122 high-quality nuclei of the pig hippocampus at four postnatal stages. We identified 510,908 accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) in 12 major cell types, among which progenitor cells such as neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells showed a dynamic decrease from early to later developmental stages. We revealed significant enrichment of transposable elements in cell type-specific ACRs, particularly in neuroblasts. We identified oligodendrocytes as the most prominent cell type with the greatest number of genes that showed significant changes during the development. We identified ACRs and key transcription factors underlying the trajectory of neurogenesis (such as POU3F3 and EGR1) and oligodendrocyte differentiation (RXRA and FOXO6). We examined 27 Alzheimer's disease-related genes in our data and found that 15 showed cell type-specific activity (TREM2, RIN3 and CLU), and 15 genes displayed age-associated dynamic activity (BIN1, RABEP1 and APOE). We intersected our data with human genome-wide association study results to detect neurological disease-associated cell types. The present study provides a single nucleus-accessible chromatin landscape of the pig hippocampus at different developmental stages and is helpful for the exploration of pigs as a biomedical model in human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yanyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lin Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Tianxiong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Liping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Zhang C, He Y, Sun X, Wei W, Liu Y, Rao Y. PROTACs Targeting Epigenetic Proteins. ACTA MATERIA MEDICA 2023; 2:409-429. [PMID: 39221114 PMCID: PMC11364368 DOI: 10.15212/amm-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics, a field that investigates alterations in gene function that can be inherited without changes in DNA sequence, encompasses molecular pathways such as histone variants, posttranslational modifications of amino acids, and covalent modifications of DNA bases. These pathways modulate the transformation of genotypes into specific phenotypes. Epigenetics plays a substantial role in cell growth, development, and differentiation by dynamically regulating gene transcription and ensuring genomic stability. This regulation is carried out by three key players: writers, readers, and erasers. In recent years, epigenetic proteins have played a crucial role in epigenetic regulation and have gradually become important targets in drug research and development. Targeted therapy is an essential strategy; however, the effectiveness of targeted drugs is often limited by drug resistance, posing a significant dilemma in clinical practice. Targeted protein degradation technologies, including proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have great potential in overcoming drug resistance and targeting undruggable targets. These areas of research are gaining increasing attention to various epigenetic related disease. In this review, we have provided a summary of the recently developed degraders targeting epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers. Additionally, we have outlined new applications for epigenetic protein degraders. Finally, we have addressed several unresolved challenges within the PROTAC field and offered potential solutions from our perspective. As the field continues to advance, the integration of these innovative methodologies holds great promise for addressing the challenges associated with PROTAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuna He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
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Zuniga G, Frost B. Selective neuronal vulnerability to deficits in RNA processing. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 229:102500. [PMID: 37454791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that errors in RNA processing can causally drive neurodegeneration. Given that RNA produced from expressed genes of all cell types undergoes processing (splicing, polyadenylation, 5' capping, etc.), the particular vulnerability of neurons to deficits in RNA processing calls for careful consideration. The activity-dependent transcriptome remodeling associated with synaptic plasticity in neurons requires rapid, multilevel post-transcriptional RNA processing events that provide additional opportunities for dysregulation and consequent introduction or persistence of errors in RNA transcripts. Here we review the accumulating evidence that neurons have an enhanced propensity for errors in RNA processing alongside grossly insufficient defenses to clear misprocessed RNA compared to other cell types. Additionally, we explore how tau, a microtubule-associated protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, contributes to deficits in RNA processing and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Zuniga
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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41
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Wasser CR, Werthmann GC, Hall EM, Kuhbandner K, Wong CH, Durakoglugil MS, Herz J. Regulation of the hippocampal translatome by Apoer2-ICD release. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:62. [PMID: 37726747 PMCID: PMC10510282 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ApoE4, the most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), sequesters a pro-synaptogenic Reelin receptor, Apoer2, in the endosomal compartment and prevents its normal recycling. In the adult brain, Reelin potentiates excitatory synapses and thereby protects against amyloid-β toxicity. Recently, a gain-of-function mutation in Reelin that is protective against early-onset AD has been described. Alternative splicing of the Apoer2 intracellular domain (Apoer2-ICD) regulates Apoer2 signaling. Splicing of juxtamembraneous exon 16 alters the γ-secretase mediated release of the Apoer2-ICD as well as synapse number and LTP, and inclusion of exon 19 ameliorates behavioral deficits in an AD mouse model. The Apoer2-ICD has also been shown to alter transcription of synaptic genes. However, the role of Apoer2-ICD release upon transcriptional regulation and its role in AD pathogenesis is unknown. METHODS To assess in vivo mRNA-primed ribosomes specifically in hippocampi transduced with Apoer2-ICD splice variants, we crossed wild-type, cKO, and Apoer2 cleavage-resistant mice to a Cre-inducible translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) model. This allowed us to perform RNA-Seq on ribosome-loaded mRNA harvested specifically from hippocampal cells transduced with Apoer2-ICDs. RESULTS Across all conditions, we observed ~4,700 altered translating transcripts, several of which comprise key synaptic components such as extracellular matrix and focal adhesions with concomitant perturbation of critical signaling cascades, energy metabolism, translation, and apoptosis. We further demonstrated the ability of the Apoer2-ICD to rescue many of these altered transcripts, underscoring the importance of Apoer2 splicing in synaptic homeostasis. A variety of these altered genes have been implicated in AD, demonstrating how dysregulated Apoer2 splicing may contribute to neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate how alternative splicing of the APOE and Reelin receptor Apoer2 and release of the Apoer2-ICD regulates numerous translating transcripts in mouse hippocampi in vivo. These transcripts comprise a wide range of functions, and alterations in these transcripts suggest a mechanistic basis for the synaptic deficits seen in Apoer2 mutant mice and AD patients. Our findings, together with the recently reported AD-protective effects of a Reelin gain-of-function mutation in the presence of an early-onset AD mutation in Presenilin-1, implicate the Reelin/Apoer2 pathway as a target for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gordon C Werthmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Hall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristina Kuhbandner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Connie H Wong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Murat S Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA.
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Thomas S, Prendergast GC. Gut-brain connections in neurodegenerative disease: immunotherapeutic targeting of Bin1 in inflammatory bowel disease and Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1183932. [PMID: 37521457 PMCID: PMC10372349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1183932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Longer lifespan produces risks of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by declines in memory and cognitive function. The pathogenic causes of AD are thought to reflect a progressive aggregation in the brain of amyloid plaques composed of beta-amyloid (Aß) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles composed of phosphorylated tau protein. Recently, long-standing investigations of the Aß disease hypothesis gained support via a passive immunotherapy targeting soluble Aß protein. Tau-targeting approaches using antibodies are also being pursued as a therapeutic approach to AD. In genome-wide association studies, the disease modifier gene Bin1 has been identified as a top risk factor for late-onset AD in human populations, with recent studies suggesting that Bin1 binds tau and influences its extracellular deposition. Interestingly, before AD emerges in the brain, tau levels rise in the colon, where Bin1-a modifier of tissue barrier function and inflammation-acts to promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This connection is provocative given clinical evidence of gut-brain communication in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. In this review, we discuss a Bin1-targeting passive immunotherapy developed in our laboratory to treat IBD that may offer a strategy to indirectly reduce tau deposition and limit AD onset or progression.
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Lamontagne-Kam D, Ulfat AK, Hervé V, Vu TM, Brouillette J. Implication of tau propagation on neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1219299. [PMID: 37483337 PMCID: PMC10360202 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1219299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Propagation of tau fibrils correlate closely with neurodegeneration and memory deficits seen during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although it is not well-established what drives or attenuates tau spreading, new studies on human brain using positron emission tomography (PET) have shed light on how tau phosphorylation, genetic factors, and the initial epicenter of tau accumulation influence tau accumulation and propagation throughout the brain. Here, we review the latest PET studies performed across the entire AD continuum looking at the impact of amyloid load on tau pathology. We also explore the effects of structural, functional, and proximity connectivity on tau spreading in a stereotypical manner in the brain of AD patients. Since tau propagation can be quite heterogenous between individuals, we then consider how the speed and pattern of propagation are influenced by the starting localization of tau accumulation in connected brain regions. We provide an overview of some genetic variants that were shown to accelerate or slow down tau spreading. Finally, we discuss how phosphorylation of certain tau epitopes affect the spreading of tau fibrils. Since tau pathology is an early event in AD pathogenesis and is one of the best predictors of neurodegeneration and memory impairments, understanding the process by which tau spread from one brain region to another could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues that are efficient during the early stages of the disease, before neurodegeneration induces permanent brain damage and severe memory loss.
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Lambert JC, Ramirez A, Grenier-Boley B, Bellenguez C. Step by step: towards a better understanding of the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2716-2727. [PMID: 37131074 PMCID: PMC10615767 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to have a large genetic component. Our knowledge of this component has progressed over the last 10 years, thanks notably to the advent of genome-wide association studies and the establishment of large consortia that make it possible to analyze hundreds of thousands of cases and controls. The characterization of dozens of chromosomal regions associated with the risk of developing AD and (in some loci) the causal genes responsible for the observed disease signal has confirmed the involvement of major pathophysiological pathways (such as amyloid precursor protein metabolism) and opened up new perspectives (such as the central role of microglia and inflammation). Furthermore, large-scale sequencing projects are starting to reveal the major impact of rare variants - even in genes like APOE - on the AD risk. This increasingly comprehensive knowledge is now being disseminated through translational research; in particular, the development of genetic risk/polygenic risk scores is helping to identify the subpopulations more at risk or less at risk of developing AD. Although it is difficult to assess the efforts still needed to comprehensively characterize the genetic component of AD, several lines of research can be improved or initiated. Ultimately, genetics (in combination with other biomarkers) might help to redefine the boundaries and relationships between various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
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Fodder K, de Silva R, Warner TT, Bettencourt C. The contribution of DNA methylation to the (dys)function of oligodendroglia in neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:106. [PMID: 37386505 PMCID: PMC10311741 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of conditions characterised by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central or peripheral nervous systems. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases are not fully understood. However, a central feature consists of regional aggregation of proteins in the brain, such as the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), inclusions of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-binding tau in AD and other tauopathies, or inclusions containing α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Various pathogenic mechanisms are thought to contribute to disease, and an increasing number of studies implicate dysfunction of oligodendrocytes (the myelin producing cells of the central nervous system) and myelin loss. Aberrant DNA methylation, the most widely studied epigenetic modification, has been associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, PD, DLB and MSA, and recent findings highlight aberrant DNA methylation in oligodendrocyte/myelin-related genes. Here we briefly review the evidence showing that changes to oligodendrocytes and myelin are key in neurodegeneration, and explore the relevance of DNA methylation in oligodendrocyte (dys)function. As DNA methylation is reversible, elucidating its involvement in pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and in dysfunction of specific cell-types such as oligodendrocytes may bring opportunities for therapeutic interventions for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Fodder
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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46
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Alsaqati M, Thomas RS, Kidd EJ. Upregulation of endocytic protein expression in the Alzheimer's disease male human brain. AGING BRAIN 2023; 4:100084. [PMID: 37449017 PMCID: PMC10336166 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) primarily after APP is internalised by endocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytic processes are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is also evidence that cholesterol and flotillin affect APP endocytosis. We hypothesised that endocytic protein expression would be altered in the brains of people with AD compared to non-diseased subjects which could be linked to increased Aβ generation. We compared protein expression in frontal cortex samples from men with AD compared to age-matched, non-diseased controls. Soluble and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42, the soluble Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, βCTF, BACE1, presenilin-1 and the ratio of phosphorylated:total GSK3β were significantly increased while the insoluble Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio was significantly decreased in AD brains. Total and phosphorylated tau were markedly increased in AD brains. Significant increases in clathrin, AP2, PICALM isoform 4, Rab-5 and caveolin-1 and 2 were seen in AD brains but BIN1 was decreased. However, using immunohistochemistry, caveolin-1 and 2 were decreased. The results obtained here suggest an overall increase in endocytosis in the AD brain, explaining, at least in part, the increased production of Aβ during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma J. Kidd
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
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47
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Wu S, Yang F, Chao S, Wang B, Wang W, Li H, Yu L, He L, Li X, Sun L, Qin S. Altered DNA methylome profiles of blood leukocytes in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1175864. [PMID: 37388929 PMCID: PMC10300350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1175864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: DNA methylation plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the global changes of blood leukocyte DNA methylome profiles from Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with AD, or the specific DNA methylation-based signatures associated with MCI and AD. In this study, we sought to dissect the characteristics of blood DNA methylome profiles in MCI- and AD-affected Chinese patients with the aim of identifying novel DNA methylation biomarkers for AD. Methods: In this study, we profiled the DNA methylome of peripheral blood leukocytes from 20 MCI- and 20 AD-affected Chinese patients and 20 cognitively healthy controls (CHCs) with the Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip array. Results: We identified significant alterations of the methylome profiles in MCI and AD blood leukocytes. A total of 2,582 and 20,829 CpG sites were significantly and differentially methylated in AD and MCI compared with CHCs (adjusted p < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, 441 differentially methylated positions (DMPs), aligning to 213 unique genes, were overlapped by the three comparative groups of AD versus CHCs, MCI versus CHCs, and AD versus MCI, of which 6 and 5 DMPs were continuously hypermethylated and hypomethylated in MCI and AD relative to CHCs (adjusted p < 0.05), respectively, such as FLNC cg20186636 and AFAP1 cg06758191. The DMPs with an area under the curve >0.900, such as cg18771300, showed high potency for predicting MCI and AD. In addition, gene ontology and pathway enrichment results showed that these overlapping genes were mainly involved in neurotransmitter transport, GABAergic synaptic transmission, signal release from synapse, neurotransmitter secretion, and the regulation of neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, tissue expression enrichment analysis revealed a subset of potentially cerebral cortex-enriched genes associated with MCI and AD, including SYT7, SYN3, and KCNT1. Conclusion: This study revealed a number of potential biomarkers for MCI and AD, also highlighted the presence of epigenetically dysregulated gene networks that may engage in the underlying pathological events resulting in the onset of cognitive impairment and AD progression. Collectively, this study provides prospective cues for developing therapeutic strategies to improve cognitive impairment and AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Chao
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuqian Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Limei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Editorial Office, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Cruchaga C, Western D, Timsina J, Wang L, Wang C, Yang C, Ali M, Beric A, Gorijala P, Kohlfeld P, Budde J, Levey A, Morris J, Perrin R, Ruiz A, Marquié M, Boada M, de Rojas I, Rutledge J, Oh H, Wilson E, Guen YL, Alvarez I, Aguilar M, Greicius M, Pastor P, Pulford D, Ibanez L, Wyss-Coray T, Sung YJ, Phillips B. Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies neurologically relevant regulation and informs causal proteins for Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2814616. [PMID: 37333337 PMCID: PMC10275048 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2814616/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The integration of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with disease genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has proven successful at prioritizing candidate genes at disease-associated loci. QTL mapping has mainly been focused on multi-tissue expression QTL or plasma protein QTL (pQTL). Here we generated the largest-to-date cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pQTL atlas by analyzing 7,028 proteins in 3,107 samples. We identified 3,373 independent study-wide associations for 1,961 proteins, including 2,448 novel pQTLs of which 1,585 are unique to CSF, demonstrating unique genetic regulation of the CSF proteome. In addition to the established chr6p22.2-21.32 HLA region, we identified pleiotropic regions on chr3q28 near OSTN and chr19q13.32 near APOE that were enriched for neuron-specificity and neurological development. We also integrated this pQTL atlas with the latest Alzheimer's disease (AD) GWAS through PWAS, colocalization and Mendelian Randomization and identified 42 putative causal proteins for AD, 15 of which have drugs available. Finally, we developed a proteomics-based risk score for AD that outperforms genetics-based polygenic risk scores. These findings will be instrumental to further understand the biology and identify causal and druggable proteins for brain and neurological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patsy Kohlfeld
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mercè Boada
- Memory Clinic of Fundaciò ACE, Catalan Institute of Applied Neurosciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pau Pastor
- University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol
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49
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Nott A, Holtman IR. Genetic insights into immune mechanisms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168539. [PMID: 37359515 PMCID: PMC10285485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the macrophages of the brain, are vital for brain homeostasis and have been implicated in a broad range of brain disorders. Neuroinflammation has gained traction as a possible therapeutic target for neurodegeneration, however, the precise function of microglia in specific neurodegenerative disorders is an ongoing area of research. Genetic studies offer valuable insights into understanding causality, rather than merely observing a correlation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic loci that are linked to susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders. (Post)-GWAS studies have determined that microglia likely play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The process of understanding how individual GWAS risk loci affect microglia function and mediate susceptibility is complex. A rapidly growing number of publications with genomic datasets and computational tools have formulated new hypotheses that guide the biological interpretation of AD and PD genetic risk. In this review, we discuss the key concepts and challenges in the post-GWAS interpretation of AD and PD GWAS risk alleles. Post-GWAS challenges include the identification of target cell (sub)type(s), causal variants, and target genes. Crucially, the prediction of GWAS-identified disease-risk cell types, variants and genes require validation and functional testing to understand the biological consequences within the pathology of the disorders. Many AD and PD risk genes are highly pleiotropic and perform multiple important functions that might not be equally relevant for the mechanisms by which GWAS risk alleles exert their effect(s). Ultimately, many GWAS risk alleles exert their effect by changing microglia function, thereby altering the pathophysiology of these disorders, and hence, we believe that modelling this context is crucial for a deepened understanding of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Nott
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inge R. Holtman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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50
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Latina V, Atlante A, Malerba F, La Regina F, Balzamino BO, Micera A, Pignataro A, Stigliano E, Cavallaro S, Calissano P, Amadoro G. The Cleavage-Specific Tau 12A12mAb Exerts an Anti-Amyloidogenic Action by Modulating the Endocytic and Bioenergetic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119683. [PMID: 37298634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond deficits in hippocampal-dependent episodic memory, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) features sensory impairment in visual cognition consistent with extensive neuropathology in the retina. 12A12 is a monoclonal cleavage specific antibody (mAb) that in vivo selectively neutralizes the AD-relevant, harmful N-terminal 20-22 kDa tau fragment(s) (i.e., NH2htau) without affecting the full-length normal protein. When systemically injected into the Tg2576 mouse model overexpressing a mutant form of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), APPK670/671L linked to early onset familial AD, this conformation-specific tau mAb successfully reduces the NH2htau accumulating both in their brain and retina and, thus, markedly alleviates the phenotype-associated signs. By means of a combined biochemical and metabolic experimental approach, we report that 12A12mAb downregulates the steady state expression levels of APP and Beta-Secretase 1 (BACE-1) and, thus, limits the Amyloid beta (Aβ) production both in the hippocampus and retina from this AD animal model. The local, antibody-mediated anti-amyloidogenic action is paralleled in vivo by coordinated modulation of the endocytic (BIN1, RIN3) and bioenergetic (glycolysis and L-Lactate) pathways. These findings indicate for the first time that similar molecular and metabolic retino-cerebral pathways are modulated in a coordinated fashion in response to 12A12mAb treatment to tackle the neurosensorial Aβ accumulation in AD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Malerba
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico La Regina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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